Chemicals (Maize) (words)								Sesotho
Laola mahola ka matla pooneng
Instructions:
Folio strap: Taolo ya mahola
Byline: Ditaba tsena di tswa ho molemi ya beileng meja fatshe
Lethathamo la 1: Mekgwa e kgothaletswang ya tshebediso
Lethathamo la 2: Metswako e fumanehang mebarakeng
Ka mehla ho bohlokwa ho hlwaya mathata a itseng a mahola masimong a hao. Mekgwa ya ho lema, mekgwa ya ho laola mahola, hammoho le phapantsho ya dijothollo, ke dintho tse fapanang lebatoweng le leng le le leng le polasing e nngwe le e nngwe. Mathata a mahola masimong a hao a ka nna a fapana haholo le a moahisani wa hao. 
Ka mehla lekola mofuta wa mahola masimong a hao, mme o sebedise mefuta e nepahetseng ya dibolayalehola tse lokelang. Sheba theibole e tlase mona, e mabapi le e meng ya mekgwa le metswako e tiisitsweng e ka sebediswang Afrika Borwa ho laola mahola pooneng.
Metswako e matla
Dikhemikhale le metswako ya tsona ke e meng ya metswako ya sehlooho e matla e laolang majwang a selemo le selemo kapa mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo le selemo. Metswako e matla ke dikarolo tse ikgethileng tse bolayang mahola ka ho tshwenyana kapa ho kgina ditshebetso tsa biochemikhale tse fang mahola bokgoni ba ho tshwarwa kganya ya letsatsi le ho tswela pele ho hola, mme qetellong le ho tswela pele ho hlahisa peo ya mahola.
Dikhemikhale di tswakana ka mokgwa o jwalo haeba masimo a molemi a ena le bothata ba jwang le ba lehlaku le sephara. Maemong a mang a lehlohonolo, ka baka la phapantsho e nepahetseng ya dijothollo le mekgwa ya taolo ya mahola, ho ka nna feela ha ba le bothata ba lehola la lehlaku le sephara la selemo le selemo masimong a hao a poone. Ka hoo, e tla ba tshenyo feela ya tjhelete ho fafatsa majwang. Tekolo e nepahetseng ya bothata e tla o fa bokgoni ba ho fokotsa ditshenyehelo tsa hao taolong ya mahola. 
Letsopa mobung wa hao
Ka diphetho tsa teko, ho molemo ho fokotsa letsopa mobung o ka hodimo masimong a mang le a mang. Sekgahla sa tshebediso ya dikhemikhale taolong ya mahola se eketseha haholo moo letsopa le leng lengata teng. Hona ho etsahala hobane letsopa le monya e meng ya metswako ya bohlokwa e kenngwang mobung, mme le sitisa semela ho fumana dikhemikhale mobung.
Ke bothoto ho se sebedise tekano e nepahetseng, e kgothaletswang, ya khemikhale hekthareng ka nngwe e le ho qoba ditshenyehelo tse ka bang teng hekthareng ka nngwe. Taolo e fokolang ya ho bolaya lehola e tla baka tahlehelo e phahameng kunong ya dijothollo sehleng sena. Tshebediso e nyane ya dikhemikhale ho feta ka moo ho kgothaletswang ka teng e qetella e bakile hore a mang a mahola a se ke a shwa. Mengwaheng e mengata ya dimela, “manganga a ho shwa” a dimela tsa mahola a kgona ho etsa hore mahola a nne a phele le ha ho ka sebediswa dibolayalehola tse matla makgetlo a lekgolo ho ntse ho lekwa ho a fedisa.
Ka baka lena, ho molemong wa bohle ba keneng temong ho sebedisa dikhemikhale ho ya ka moo di kgothaletswang ka teng. Ke ditshenyehelo tse kgolo tseo ho kenwang ho tsona diphuputsong le ntshetsopeleng ya dikhemikhale tse ntjha moo ho phehelletsweng feela taolo e matla ya mahola ka ha manganga ana a ntse a tswela pele.
Ho bontsha khemikhale ya tlatsetso e tshwanetseng ho sebediswa ho ntse ho elwa hloko letsopa mobung, sheba tshebediso e kgothaletswang ya acetochlor e laolang haholoholo majwang a selemo le selemo mabapi le letsopa. Acetochlor hangata e sebediswa mmoho le safener. Ona ke motswako o tswakanngwang le acetochlor, mme o thibela khemikhale ena hore e se bolaye semela sa poone, seo re tshwanetseng ho hopola hore le sona e ntse e le jwang. 
Khemikhale
Sesebediswa se matla g/l
%Letsopa
Mothamo ka dilithara/ha
Nako ya tshebediso
Mofuta wa taolo ya lehola
Acetochlor (+ Safener)
840g/lithara
0 - 10
0,75 -1,00 l/ha
Pele sejothollo se hlaha mobung
Haholoholo majwang a selemo
11 - 20
1,00 - 1,30 l/ha
Pele - hlaha
21 - 30
1,30 - 1,65 l/ha
Pele - hlaha
31 - 40
1,65 - 1,80 l/ha
Pele - hlaha
41 - 55
2,0 l/ha
Pele - hlaha
“Pele e hlaha” ho bolela ho fafatswa ha dikhemikhale mobung kapa ho phetholwa ho honyane ha mobu o ka hodimo ha ho se ho jetswe, empa pele dimela di hlaha mobung.
Bongata bo phahameng ba mothamo hekthara ka nngwe bo sebediswa feela moo ho nang le tlhaselo e itseng, e matla ya mefuta e itseng ya majwang a selemo le selemo masimong.
Ditjeo hekthareng ka nngwe mabapi le dikhemikhale di tla fapana pakeng tsa R97,50 hekthara ka nngwe mobung o lehlabathe (0% - 10% letsopa) ho isa ho R150 mobung o letsopa le lengatanyana (41% - 55% letsopa). 
Semela sa poone sa bokoni ba 4, 5 ditone/ha ka nngwe se ka ba le boleng ba R7 200 hekthara ka nngwe. Ka hoo, ha se bohlale, mme ha ho kgothaletswe ho boloka R60 hekthara o ntse o hopola mathata a ka bang teng a nako e tlang. Hape, lekola bothata mmoho le setsebi sa dikhemikhale, mme le etse dintho ka nepo. 
Nako ya tshebediso
Ho boetse ho bohlokwa ho tseba hore ke dikhemikhale dife tse ilo sebediswa e le hore o tsebe ho hlophisa hore sefafatsi se tle se be teng nakong ya sehla. Twantsho ya mahola e ka etswa pele dimela di hlaha mobung ha ho se ho jetswe, hang feela ha di sa tswa hlaha mobung kapa hang feela ha di sa tswa jalwa mobung o lokisitsweng hantle ka hodimo. Mobu o lokisitsweng hantle bokahodimong ba ona ke mobu o mosesanyane, o se nang tse bolang, tse ka nnang tsa monya tse ding tsa dikhemikhale tse sebedisitsweng mobung.
Mabapi le tshebediso ya dikhemikhale nakong ya ho jala kapa hang ka mora ho jala, molemi a ka etsa qeto ya ho sebedisa plantere hore dikhemikhale di fafatswe ka mokgwa o sephara ka mora mela ya terekere, kapa karolwaneng e nyane ya mola ka mong. Mokgwa o mong ke wa ho kenya safafatsi masimong hang ha plantere e sa tswa feta masimong. Nako e sa le ngata ya ho etsa mosebetsi wa ho fafatsa, e leng ha peo e se e hlahile mobung. 
Mokgwa wa kgetho o boetse o itshetlehile haholo ka bokgoni ba terekere le sesebediswa sa molemi kapa se hirilweng ke molemi. Le ha ho le jwalo, ha ho rerwa dintho ho tshwanetse ho hopolwa dintho tse ngata tse kenyeletsang kgonahalo ya hore o ka nna wa ba le nako e nyane ya ho phetha mosebetsi wa ho fafatsa, e leng ka baka la pula e ngata.
Kakaretso ya e meng ya metswako e fumanehang mebarakeng e bontshwa tlase mona. Jwalo ka molemi kapa manejara o tshwanela ho tseba le ho tlwaela dikhemikhale tsa sehlooho tse sebediswang hammoho le bongata ba metswako e sebediswang ho e nngwe le e nngwe ya tsona. Ho teng mefuta e mengata, ya mabitsobitso a fapaneng, e fumanwang mebarakeng, e nang le metswako e tshwanang kapa e batlang e tshwana. Ha o bapisa ditheko tsa yona le matla a tshebetso ya yona, hlokomela ho tseba theko ya yona ka gram lithara ka nngwe e le hore o kgone ho bapisa ditheko ka mokgwa wa nnete.
Motswako wa Khemikhale – sesebediswa se matla
Formula ka gram lithara ka nngwe
Mohato wa mothamo ho ya ka letsopa le teng
Nako ya tshebediso
Mahola a laolwang
Acetochlor
750/900 g/l
0,9 to 2,7 l/ha
Pele dimela di hlaha
Haholoholo majwang a selemo
Acetochlor (+ safener)
700/840 g/l
0,7 to 2,7 l/ha
Pele dimela di hlaha
Haholoholo majwang a selemo
Actochlor /atrazine/propazine
96/202/202 g/l
3,25 to 7 l/ha
Pele dimela di hlaha 
Sebedisa tshingwaneng e lokisitsweng hantle
Mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo le majwang a itseng
Acetochlor/atrazine/simazine (+ safener)
160/165/165 g/l
3,25 to 7,5 l/ha
Pele dimela di hlaha 
 Sebedisa hanghang tshingwaneng e lokisitsweng hantle 
Mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo le majwang a itseng
Acetochlor/atrazine terbuthylazine (mmoho le kapa ntle le safener). Metswako e mengata.
125/187,5/187.5 g/l
2.75 to 5 l/ha
Pele dimela di hlaha
Mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo le majwang a itseng
Alachlor
480 g/l
3,2 to 4 l/ha
Pele dimela di hlaha. Sebedisa hanghang tshingwaneng e lokisitsweng hantle. Eseng ka mora matsatsi a mabedi.
Haholoholo majwang a selemo
Alachlor/atrazine
Metswako e mengata
336/144 g/l 
5,5 l /ha
Pele dimela di hlaha 
 Sebedisa hanghang tshingwaneng e lokisitsweng hantle. Eseng mebung e tlasa 16% ya letsopa
Mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo le majwang a itseng
Ametryn
500 g/l
2,5 to 3 l/ha
Ha peo e metse. KwaZulu-Natal feela
Mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo le majwang a itseng
Atrazine
Many combinations with many other active ingredients.
500 g/l
2,5 to 5 l/ha
Sebedisa maholeng a holang ka matla.
Haholoholo mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo
Atrazine/cyanazine
250/250 g/l
2,25 to 4,25 l/ha
Pele di hlaha kapa hang ha di sa tswa hlaha
Haholoholo mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo
Bromoxynil
225 g/l
1,5 to 2 l/ha
Sebedisa ha mahola a se a hlahile
Haholoholo mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo
2-4D (dimethylamine salt)
480 g/l
2,7 to 5,4 l/ha 
Sebedisa 5 – 6 matsatsi ka mora ho jala tshingwaneng e mongobo
Haholoholo mahola a lehlaku le sephara a selemo
EPTC (+ safener)
720 g/l
2 to 4 l/ha
Sebedisa tshingwaneng e lokisitsweng hantle mme o kenyeletse mobung
Haholoholo majwang a selemo, nutsedge tse tshehla le phepole
Metolchlor (+ safener)
915 g/l
0,75 l/ha
Pele dimela di hlaha
Sebedisa tshingwaneng e lokisitsweng hantle nakong ya matsatsi a 3 ka mora ho jala
Haholoholo majwang a selemo, nutsedge tse tshehla
Jwalo ka ha re lemoha mehlaleng ena e mmalwa, ho boima hore molemi a kgone ho fihlella metswako ena yohle e metjha. Ho tlatseletsa, molemi o tlamehile ho etsa tekolo ya hore ke ofe oo a ka o sebedisang ka sekgahla se nepehetseng mobung o itseng moo ho nang le bothata bo itseng ba mahola. Ka mehla ikopanye le setsebi mabapi le dikhemikhae tse bolayang lehola. 
