Ayikho ingxenye yalo mbhalo engaphinde ikhiqizwe noma idluliswe ngenye indlela noma ngolunye uhlobo ngaphandle kokuthola imvume efanele ngokubhaliwe.
Umthetho ophathelene nobufakazi yisikhali esibaluleke kakhulu kunoma ngubani ofisa ukuba yisazi somthetho nokusebenza ngawo. Ngenhloso yokusebenzisa lesi sikhali ngendlela efanele negculisayo, kusemqoka ukuba umuntu abe nolwazi lwamagama athile aqavile nasetshenziswa njalo ngababhali bezincwadi ezihlukene zoMthetho woBufakazi.
Inhloso yalesi saziso wukulungisela nokufundisa abantu ukuqagula nokwejwayela la magama aqavile asetshenziswa kuMthetho woBufakazi nokubahlinzeka ngolwazi oluncane olubasiza ekulandeleni izinto ezithinta Umthetho woBufakazi.
Ubufakazi buxube ulwazi olubekwa phambi kwezithebe zenkantolo ngenhloso yokuba inkantolo ikwazi ukuthatha isinqumo ngamaqiniso odaba.
Ubufakazi obuphathekayo buqonde lonke ulwazi nezinto ezingasetshenziswa njengobufakazi enkantolo.
Umthetho woBufakazi uqondene nokuveza amaqiniso nokulawula ngendlela eveza amaqiniso anesiqiniseko. Amaqiniso angavezwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithombo noma izinto eziphathekayo.
Umdwebo olandelayo uveza ngokucacile izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhakha yomthetho; ukhombisa ukuthi Umthetho woBufakazi ungena kumuphi umkhakha, incazelo yoMthetho woBufakazi nenkomba yokuthi yini ubufakazi obuphathekayo futhi yini obuyiqukethe.
Impikiswano ethulwa wumbuso kanye nethimba elizivikelayo ayibona ubufakazi kodwa iwusizo olukhuthaza isinqumo. Le mpikiswano ibunjwe yimibono noma yiziphakamiso eziqonde ukugcizelela isimo somthetho noma amaqiniso esimo futhi isetshenziselwa ukujika umqondo wenkantolo ngesikhathi ikhipha isinqumo.
Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwesinqumo, amathimba athola ithuba lokwethula impikiswano yokuvala eqondene nobufakazi obethulwe ecaleni eliqulwayo.
Amaqiniso odaba yilawo ethulwa yithimba ngenhloso yokuveza ubufakazi ukuze linqobe icala.
Ngamaqiniso avame ukuletha ubufakazi noma ukuphikisana nabo.
Isibonelo: Ecaleni elithinta ubuzali, isiqu sikababa siyoba yindaba edingidwayo nokuya ocansini nobaba kuyoba yiphuzu eliqondene nodaba lobuzali.
Ubufakazi obuqanda ikhanda buchaza ubufakazi obunamandla noma ukuthi abukho obunye ubufakazi obungcono kulobo obukhona.
Ubufakazi obelekayo buchaza ukuthi bukhona obunye ubufakazi obungcono noma babukhona.
Isibonelo: Idokodo langempela lithathwa njengobufakazi obuqanda ikhanda kodwa amakhophi ombhalo athathwa njengobufakazi obulandelayo.
Igama elithi "prima facie" liwumushwana wesiLathini ochaza "ukubonakala okokuqala." Umushwana ubufakazi obubonakala busobala kwezomthetho uchaza ukuthi ubufakazi obethulwe phambi kwenkantolo benele ukuveza iqiniso noma icala ngaphandle uma kunobufakazi obuphikisayo.
Uma bungekho ubufakazi obuphikisayo, ubufakazi obubonakala busobala buyothathwa njengobufakazi obuphelele.
Isibonelo: Ecaleni lokubulala, kungavezwa ubufakazi bokuthi u-A wayenesizathu sokubulala u-B futhi wabonakala egijima ephuma emzini kaB nomese obunegazi.
u-X ufakaza ngokuthi wezwa ingilazi iphuka wase ephenduka ebona u-Y emi phambi kwengilasi lika-Z eliphukile, nalapho uY wayephethe khona itshe ngesandla.
Ubufakazi obuqondile yilobo lapho ufakazi ebone khona isehlakalo.
Isibonelo: Ecaleni lokubulala, u-C ufakaza ukuthi wayemile ngaphandle kwefasitela lomuzi ka-B ngesikhathi ebona u-A egwaza u-B.
Ukwemukeleka kuchaza ukwemukeleka kobufakazi, kanti asikho isilinganiso sokukala izinga lokwemukeleka kobufakazi. Kukabili, ubufakazi buyemukeleka noma buchithwe. Isinqumo sokuthi ubufakazi buyemukeleka noma buyachithwa sincike ephuzwini lokuthi bongubufanele noma ekutheni ingabe ukwemukelwa kwabo buyobeka obekwe icala engcupheni yini.
Kuchaza ukwemukela ubufakazi kuye ngemibandela eyogculisa ekupheleni kwecala. Uma umbandela ungagculisi, ubufakazi lobo abuthathwa njengobuyibo.
Inkantolo yathatha isinqumo sokuthi umqulu ungasetshenziswa ekuphonseni umsolwa ngemibuzo nakuba ubuqiniso bomqulu babuphikiswa yithimba elizivikelayo. Kuyothi ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwecala bese umsolwa ethola ithuba lokwethula ubufakazi ngobuqiniso bomqulu. Uma bungekho ubufakazi obuchitha ubuqiniso bomqulu, noma yibuphi obunye ubufakazi obuqhamuke ngemuva kokuphonswa imibuzo buyobekwa eceleni yinkantolo.
Ngenhloso yokuthatha isinqumo ngobufakazi obufanele, inkantolo iyocubungula ukuthi ubufakazi obethuliwe buyathintana yini namaqiniso odaba.
Igunya yilungelo noma yisibophezelo esifunwa ngufakazi noma ithimba lapho engagodlela khona inkantolo ubufakazi. Zimbili izinhlobo zamagunya. IGunya lomuntu ngokwakhe kanye neGunya lombuso.
Ukuzivumela kwasenkantolo yilokho okwenziwa ngaphakathi enkantolo okuveza ubufakazi obungujuqu nobungasoze baphikiswa noma buhoxiswe ngaphandle kokuthi kufezwe izidingo ezithile zomthetho.
Ukuvuma kwangaphandle kusho ukuvuma okwenziwa ngaphandle kwenkantolo okunokuchazwa noma okunokuphikiswa.
Ukuhlanza iqiniso yisenzo lapho umsolwa ezivumela yena ngendlela ephelele nengenazo izihibe okungathi uma ekwenza phambi kwenkantolo kuthathwe njengokuvuma icala.
Isaziso senkantolo sichaza uma inkantolo yemukela amaqiniso aziwayo nolwazi oluthathwa njengento eqondwayo kodwa engazange itholelwe ubufakazi ngesikhathi sokuphonswa imibuzo.
Isinqumo senkolelo wukuthathela isinqumo emaqinisweni athile amiselwe emthethweni.
Umthwalo wokuveza ubufakazi uqonde umsebenzi noma isibophezelo sethimba lapho kufanele liveze khona ubufakazi obuqanda ikhanda, emthethweni wamacala obugebengu umthwalo onjalo ubekwe emahlombe abashushisi.
Umthwalo wento ephathekayo uqondene nomsebenzi noma isibophezelo sokukhiqiza ubufakazi obenele bokwenza inkantolo ibize umsolwa ukuba azophendula ngezinsolo nokuba athole ubufakazi obenele bokuphonsa inselelo lobo bufakazi obubonakala busobala, obethulwe yithimba elivule icala.
