Crop (Maize) 									IsiZulu

Inshuwalense yokuvunwayo – ukuphatha izingozi ezingavela ekulimeni



 Umlayezo: 

Folio strap: Inshuwalense 

Byline: Imininingwana yolwazi itholakale kumenyuweli efundisa ukukhiqhiza nokumaketha ummbila ngendlela ephakeme yeGrain SA 

 

Kuthiwa ukuthi umhlaba wethu lapha eNingizimu Afrika i-90% yezindawo zomile noma zivama ukoma. Ukulima kwenziwa ngaphandle emoyeni – ukukhiqiza ukudla kubhekene nesimo sezulu: imvula, ukukhanya kwelanga, isithwathwa, isicotho, ukoma nomoya ovunguzayo – kodwa kwezinye izindawo kungaba ngcono ngoba abanye abalimi bakwazi ukunisela (ukufafaza) izitshalo zabo. Kubalulekile ukuthi umlimi abheke isimo sezulu nokunye okungadala ingozi lapho efuna ukukhiqiza ukudla. 

Ukulima kuyibhizinisi, futhi ibhizinisi ingaphila kuphela isikhathi eside uma kutholakala inzuzo njalo ngonyaka. Kodwa asiko isiqiniso sokuthi inzuzo izotholakala, ngakho-ke kufanele kubhekwe zonke izingozi ezingavela lapho ufisa ukungenisa imali ebhizinisini sokulima. 

Izinto ezingadala izingozi ekukhiqizweni

Ukutholakala komhlaba ukulima nokukhona kohlelo lwezomnotho; 

Inani lokungenisa imali ukuthola imishini ukuqinisa ukuthi umvuno uzobakhona ngesikhathi; 

Isimo sezulu: ukubhekana nemvula ezokuna, ukoma, imvula eningi kakhulu, ukubanda, isithwathwa, isicotho endaweni ethile, umlilo ongashisa izitshalo nokunye; 

Izimali zokusekela ukukhiqiza ngokuqhubekayo; 

Ulwazi lomlimi noma lomphathi wepulazi maqondana nomsebenzi wokuphatha ipulazi; 

Ukugula noma ukulimala komnini wepulazi okungenzeka; 

Izingozi ezingenzeka ezimpahlweni eziqondane nokuntsontsha, umlilo, ukulahleka nokukhubaza kwemishini noma uhlelo lwezomnotho; 

Ukusho ngaphambili ukuthi umvuno uzoba ngakanani; 

Ukusho ngaphambili ukuthi intengiso izoba ngakanani;

Umbono ongalingani namandla omlimi okukhiqiza ngezinto azinazo (amasimu, imali, abasebenzi, imishini). 



Izindlela eziyisisesekelo lapho ufuna ukuphatha izingozi ezingavela

Yehlisa ithuba lokungavela kwengozi. Ukwehlisa lokhu kungenzeka ngokukhetha izitshalo ezahlukene, ukungatshali konke ngasikhathi sinye endaweni eyodwa nokungabophi inani lentengiso lomvuno masinye. 

Zama ukudluliseka izingozi ngokuthatha inshuwalense nokuthola abankontilaki masinya ngaphambi kwesikhathi. 

Zama ukwehlisa ithuba lokungavela ingozi ngokuzilungisela uma ingozi ivela ngempela – fihla amanye amandla akho ukuze uzokwazi ukubhekana nezingozi ezinsha. 

 

Inshuwalense ingaba into engabelana ingozi

Isimo senshuwalense sokwaba izingozi yilokhu: ukwemukela amaphrimi avela kubalimi abaningi ukuze inkampani yenshuwalense ikwazi ukuhlanganisa izimali ezingenayo ukuvikela izingozi ezingavela. Inkampani yenshuwalense izosebenzisa imininingwane yolwazi oluhambelana nenani lamakhlemu lapho babeka inani lamaphrimi ukuze izokwazi ukukhokhela amakhlemu futhi izokwazi ukuqhubeka ngomsebenzi wayo ithole inzuzo futhi. Kamfushane, inkampani yenshuwalense ithatha amaphrimi kubo bonke abakhokha inshuwalense ukuze izokwazi ukukhokhela amakhlemu endaweni ethile. 



Kodwa inshuwalense ithandeka kakhulu lapho ukhiqizi uvama ukuvelelwa ingozi futhi lapho ingozi inkulu, bese umkhiqizi uzobheka ukuthi amaphrimi nemali ezokhokhwa ingakanani akulinganise nenani lengozi engavela. Izingozi ezincane azivami ukudinga inshuwalense, kodwa uma kukhona ingozi engabulala wonke umsebenzi wokulima, bese kudingeka inshuwalense. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo zenshuwalense ezivikela zonke izingozi ezingavela emsebenzini wokulima. 



Inshuwalense ingakhishwa ukuvikela izingozi ezilandelayo: 

Isicotho 

Ukulahleka komvuno ngenxa ukulimala kwezitshalo okubonakalayo – ukulimala kwenxenye yezindawo zesitshalo noma isitshalo sonke. Izinto ezivikelwa inshuwalense kungaba lezi: izinhlamvu ezishayiwe eziwile, izindawo zesitshalo lapho sizamila khona, amakhasi alimele noma awile, izinhlanga ezilimele noma ezinqamukile. Inshuwalense ibalulekile lapho kutshalwa ukolo nobhekilanga ekuqaleni kokumila. 



Umoya 

Ukulimala okufana nalokhu kwesicotho: izimbewu ezilahlekile, amakhasi adabukile nezinhlanga ezinqamukile. Njengokulimala okudalwa yisicotho, inshuwalense ivikela ukulimala kwenxenye yezinto zesitshalo noma isitshalo sonke. 



Intilanspoti 

Ukulimala komvuno lapho uthuthwa emva kokuvunwa emasimini anenshuwalense. Lokhu kungaba ingozi yomlilo, ukushayisana kwamaloli nokugubuqa kwamaloli. Inshuwalense ivikela lokhu endaweni engaphansi kwa-100 km ukusuka epulazini kuphela. 



Imvula eningi kakhulu 

Ingxenye yezitshalo zingavikelwa yinshuwalense: ukolo namagrebhisi lapho kukhona ukulimala ngenxa imvula eningi kakhulu lapho ukudla kuvuthwa. 



Umlilo 

Ukulimala kwengxenye yezitshalo ngenxa komlilo kungavikelwa inshuwalense. Umuntu okhipha inshuwalense yomlilo ufanele alandele umlayezo wezwe jikelele maqondana nokwenza izindawo zebabelweyo (ukuvimba umlilo) ngaphambi kokuthola le inshuwalense. 



Isithwathwa 

Ukulimala okuvikelwayo ngenshuwalense ngulokhu: lapho kufa amakhasi, izinhlanga nokunye ngenxa isithwathwa. Ukulahleka komvuno kulinganiswa ngalokhu ukulimala okubonakalayo ezitshalweni. Ukulimala okungabonakali, njengokumila kancane ngenxa ukubanda, akuvikelwa. 



Okungeniswayo (izindleko zokuqala) 

Kukhona ingxenye yezinto ezingabonakali, ezingakwazi ukulinganiswa kahle, ezingavikelwa ngale nshuwalense. Lokhu kungaba ukoma okukhulu (ngaphandle kwamasimu lapho kuniselwa khona), izingozi ezinkulu zezilokazane, zesicotho, umoya, isithwathwa, njll. Kanjalo-ke umkhiqizi uvikelelwa izinto zezomvelo ezingakwazi ukuphathwa ngumuntu. 



Ngingaluthola kuphi usizo? 

Amaningi amabhange nama-agribhizinisi angama-ejenti okuthengisa ishuwalense yomvuno. QINISA UKUTHI UFUNDA KAHLE OKUBHALWE NGAMALETHA AMANCANE KULEYO NKONTILAKI NGAPHAMBI KOKUSAYINA – AWUFUNI UKUVUKA NESIMANGALISO EMVA KWESIKHATHI. 

