

Sunflower									Zulu



Ubhekilanga – isitshalo esihle sasehlobo esidlula ezinye



Instructions:

Folio strap: Izimbewu zikawoyela

Byline: Iminingingwane itholwe kumenyuweli yeGrain SA ebizwa ngokuthi: Advanced maize production and marketing

Insert: Kusekelwe yiOil neProtein Seeds Development Trust



Ubhekilanga usitshalo sezimbewu zikawoyela esibalulekile kakhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika, esikhathini eside sivama ukukhiqiza amathani angu-650,000 njalo ngonyaka. Izimbewu zikabhekilanga ezinenani likawoyela eliphakeme - 44% - ziyingxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo lapha kithi. Izimbewu zikabhekilanga ezinenani likawoyela elingaphansi - 25% kuya ku-38% - zisetshenziswa emsebenzini wokubhaka amakhekhe nokudla kwezinyoni. Ubhekilanga ungatshalwa ezindaweni eziningi ezweni lethu lapho inani lemvula lingaphezulu kwa-475 mm kuya ku-675 mm ngonyaka. Kodwa, noma nakuziphi izindawo, kufanele kukhiqizwe ngendlela ezoletha inzuzo. Intengiso kabhekilanga ikhuphuke kakhulu ngokwamanje, futhi sikholwa ukuthi izohlala khona unyaka wonke. 



Ukukhetha izimbewu zokutshala – ikhwalithi lezimbewu

Ikhwalithi ephezulu, izimbewu ezifanayo ezilingene nokungabi nezimbewu zokhula kufanele kubhekwe lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zezimbewu zokutshala ukuze umkhiqizo wakho ungavelelwa ingozi. Izimbewu zalo nyaka ezikhiqiza kakhulu, azikwazi ukutshalwa futhi ngonyaka ozayo. Lezi zimbewu zizomila zibe nezinhloko eziningi, lokhu kwenza kubenzima ukuvuna ngomshini futhi azikhiqizi izimbewu eziningi.



Izikhathi zokutshala

Ukufika kokoma njalo ezindaweni eziningi ngesikhathi esisuka ngaphakathi kwaDisemba esiya ngaphakathi kwaJanuwari kufanele kubhekwe kahle ngoba kubalulekile lapho ukhetha isikhathi sokutshala. Isikhathi sokuhluma sezimbali zikabhekilanga sibalulekile ngoba ngaleso sikhathi izitshalo zidinga amanzi amaningi, futhi zingaphatheka kabi uma kufika ukoma. Ngakho-ke isikhathi sokutshala sifanele sikhethwe kahle ukuvimba ukuthi isikhathi sokoma sifike sihlangane nesikhathi izitshalo zihluma izimbali. Ithuba lokuvelelwa ingozi liyanda uma ubhekilanga utshalwa ngesikhathi umhlabathi ongaphansi womile. Lapho imvula ine kahle ngaphambili kwesikhathi sokutshala, futhi umhlabathi ongaphansi ugcwele ngamanzi, ubhekilanga otshalwe masinya unethuba lokumila kahle. 



Isinqumo sokutshala masinya noma ukutshala emva kwesikhathi sihambelana nenani lamanzi elikhona emhlabathini. Futhi kufanele kubhekwe umlando wokufika njalo ukoma ngaphakathi kwehlobo. Kodwa awukwazi ukulinda isikhathi esikhulu kakhulu ngoba ukwanda kokudla ezimbeweni kungenzeka ngesikhathi lapho izulu liphola, bese umvuno uzokwehla. 



Ngokwejwayelekile izikhathi zokutshala zingalandela umlayezo olandelayo: ezindaweni ezipholile empumalanga ungatshala ngokuqala kwaNovemba ukuya evikini lokuqala likaDisemba; ezindaweni ezingaphakathi kwelizwe lethu, ungaqala ukutshala ngeviki lokugcina likaNovemba uye ekugcineni kwaDisemba; ezindaweni ezomile ezingasentshonalanga ungatshala ekugcineni kwaDisemba uye ngaphakathi kwaJanuwari. Khumbula ukuthi uma utshala ngezinye izikhathi, kungehliza inani lomkhiqizo. 



Ukujula kokutshala nendlela yokutshala



Ubhekilanga ungatshalwa ngokujula okusuka ku-2,5 cm okuya ku-5 cm, maqondana nenhlobo yomhlabathi nesikhathi sokutshala. Ukujula kufanele kuphakame emhlabathini osindayo (njengesidaka) kodwa ungashona esihlabathini. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini onomswakamo okwanele ozoyisiza ukumila. Kubalulekile ukuthi umhlabathi uthintane kahle nezimbewu. Sebenzisa ipulantela elithembekile. Izimbewu zifanele zibekwe ngobubanzi obulingene nangokujula okufanayo. Ububanzi ngaphakathi kwezitshalo kubalulekile ngoba kufanele izitshalo zincintisane ngokufana, akufuneki ukuthi ezinye ezisondelene kakhulu zincintisane zilwe ukuthola ukudla nokukhanya. 



Inani lezitshalo nobubanzi bemisele

Inani lezitshalo ezikwazi ukumila kahle endaweni ethile lihambelana nenani lamanzi elikhona emhlabathini. Inani lezitshalo endaweni ethile libaluleke ukudlula ububanzi bemisele. Ububanzi bemisele emasimini athola imvula kuphela bungasuka ku-0,91 m, buye ku-2,1 m noma ku-2,3 m. Lokhu kuzohambelana nenhlobo yomshini osebenza ngawo nendlela yokulima. 



Inani lezitshalo elingaphansi kakhulu lizokwehlisa umvuno ongatholakala, kodwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lizokwenza ukuthi isitshalo zilwane bese umvuno wehle futhi. Izitshalo ezisondelene kakhulu zivama ukuthola izifo (njengokubola kwezinhlanga) futhi zivama ukuwa. 



Inkombiso yenani lezitshalo (akufanele libe ngaphansi kwe-20,000 yezitshalo ehektheleni kuzo zonke izindawo).



Okungenzansi kukhombisa ububanzi ngaphakathi kwezitshalo emiseleni

(Ihektheli lingamamitha angu-100 ngangu-100).



Inani lezitshalo
 
Ububanzi bemisele
 

 
Ububanzi ngaphakathi kwezitshalo emiseleni (cm) 
 

 
Izitshalo/ha
 
0,9 m
 
1 m
 
1,5 m
 
2,25 m
 

 
20 000
 
56
 
50
 
33
 
22
 

 
22 500
 
49
 
44
 
30
 
20
 

 
25 000
 
44
 
40
 
27
 
18
 

 
27 500
 
40
 
36
 
24
 
16
 

 
30 000
 
37
 
33
 
22
 
15
 

 
32 500
 
34
 
31
 
21
 
14
 

 
35 000
 
32
 
29
 
19
 
13
 

 
37 500
 
30
 
27
 
18
 
12
 

 
40 000
 
28
 
25
 
17
 
11
 

 
42 500
 
26
 
24
 
16
 
10
 

 


Kuyakhonjiswa ukuthi ipulantela lilinganiswe ngendlela ezotshala izimbewu ezingu-10% ngaphezu kwalokho okuqondisiwe ngoba ezinye zizolimala ngenxa yokungahlumi, ukudliwa yizilokazane nokuqina komhlabathi emva kwemvula eningi ngeskhathi sokuqala ukumila. Nakanjani, uma uthola ukuthi kukhona izitshalo ezingaphansi kwa-20,000 ehektheleni, kufanele ucabange ukuphinda ukutshala futhi lapho kusenesikhathi esikwanele sokumila kahle.

