Topsoil (Maize) 								Zulu 

Umhlabathi ongaphezulu – ukulondoloza ingcebo eyigugu elikhulu

 Instructions:

Folio strap: Ukulondoloza umhlaba 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi 

Photos: Topsoil 

Exploding quote: “Umhlabathi uyifa lobuntu nelabo bonke abantu besizwe abanenhlanhla ukuthi: umhlaba ngowethu. Umhlabathi uyimvelo wazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla futhi udale umsebenzi wokulima. Umhlabathi wakheke kancanekancane ngeminyaka neminyaka eminingi, ungalahleka masinya, futhi lapho usulahlekile, ayikho into ekwazi ukungena endaweni yawo. Ngakho-ke, thina esingabantu sinesibopho sokulondoloza leli gugu lethu ngokukhuthaza njalonjalo, sokulisebenzisa ngendlela efanelekile, ukuze sizokwazi ukwakha izwe eliphilile ngoba izwe eliphilile lingakhwa kuphela ngomkhiqizo ovela emhlabathini ophilayo.” – JC Ross. 



Umhlabathi wakheke kancanekancane ngeminyaka neminyaka eminingi, ungalahleka masinya, futhi lapho usulahlekile, ayikho into ekwazi ukungena endaweni yawo. 



Ekwemveleni ayikho into engashintshi. Konke okwenzekayo, njengokuguguguleka komhlabathi, kwenze ukuthi kwakheke umhlabathi ovela ematsheni. Kufanele kodwa sihlukanise izindlela zokushintsha nesikhathi sithatha sokwenzeka ngokwemvelo nalezo izindlela ezenzeka ngoba umuntu ungenisa isandla sakhe. Ukwakhiwa komhlabathi ngokwemvelo kuthatha iminyaka eyinkulunkulungwane, kodwa umuntu uyakwazi ukudiliza konke lokhu ngosuku nje lapho engasebenzisi umhlabathi ngendlela efanelekile nokulima ngendlela engahambelani nomthetho wokulima olondoloza umhlabathi. 



Inzuzo evela ukuphatha ukuguguleka komhlabathi ngendlela efanelekile

Ukuphatha ukuguguleka komhlabathi ngendlela efanelekile kuletha usizo kumnini wepulazi nabo bonke abantu emhlabeni jikelele – kulethela umnini ukulondoloza umhlabathi nomswakamo (amanzi) phakathi emhlabathini, kulabanye kusiza ukuthi imifula ingemukise impahla zabo, ukuthi amanzi asemifuleni ayakhanya futhi nokuphepha umhlaba jikelele. 



Umphumela wokuguguleka komhlabathi

Ukulahlekelwa komhlabathi nomvundo wawo.

Ukulahleka kwamanzi agelezayo angasetshenziswa. 

Ukonakala kwamasimu nomhlabathi ongenamandla ukukhiqiza ukudla. 

Izikhukhula (zamanzi amaningi) nokoma kakhulu. 

Ukwehla kwenani lokuthengisa umhlaba. 

Ukwehla kwenani lenzuzo ekulimeni. 

Amasimu angasalinywa, ayekiwe.

Izitshalo ezingamili kahle. 

Amanzi angakwanele. 

 

Izinhlobo zoguguleka komhlabathi

Kukhona kakhulukazi izinto ezinto ezintathu ezidala ukuguguleka komhlabathi: amanzi, umoya nesithwathwa. Lapha eNingizimu Afrika sibhekene kakhulu nokugugula kwamanzi, bese sibheka ukugugula komoya. Ukuguguleka komhlabathi ngamanzi kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: ukugezeka komhlabathi ongaphezulu nokudala amadonga.



Ukugezeka komhlabathi ongaphezulu

Ngokwejwayelekile, umhlabathi lapho kuzotshalwa khona wayelungiswa kahle, wayecoliweyo wayebusheshelezi, wayeqekile. Ngokwamanje sesisebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi (minimum till) – umhlabathi awusalungiswa ngendlela ejwayelekile ukuvimba ukulahleka komhlabathi ongaphezulu. Isikhathi sokutshala futhi yisikhathi semvula eningi. Lapho imvula ina kakhulu kulo mhlabathi olungisiwe umhlabathi uvama ukucina, kodwa kaningi kuzobakhona izinhlamvu ezincane zomhlabathi ezizogezeka zihambe namanzi. Emva kokuqala ukuna, amanzi amaningi kakhulu aqala ukuhlangana bese ayageleza lapho kukhona ukwehla ahambise umhlabathi nokunye okusemhlabathini kwemuke. Lokhu kungenzeka kuqhubeke ngesikhathi eside kungabonakali kalula. Ekugcineni umlimi uzobona nje ukuthi sekulahleka umhlabathi ongamathani amaningi njalo ngonyaka. 



Ukudaleka kwezindonga ekugugulekeni komhlabathi okufana neminwe

Kaningi amasimu awalingene, awabushelezi – amanye asekukhuphukweni, amanye asekwehleni, futhi isimo somhlabathi asifani kuzo zonke izindawo. Amanzi avama ukuhlangana ngaphansi kwalezo zindawo eziphakeme, bese kudaleka imifudlana emincane ekhulayo njalo. Lapho ukwehleka kusendaweni eyehleka ngobude, lama fudlana ayahlangana adala imisele engafanekiswa ngemigatsha yemithi – bese kudaleka izindonga ezinkulu. 

Lapho amanzi aqala ukugeleza emseleni othile, amandla alawo manzi ayanda bese ukuguguleka nakho kwanda kakhulu. Lapho ukuguguleka okufana neminwe sekufike lapho imisele edalekile ingasakwazi ukulungiswa sekufike ekugugulekeni okufana neminwe. Lokhu ukwanda kwemisele okwenzeka masinya kungalimaza umhlaba omkhulu futhi awungeze ukwazi ukuqhubeka ukulima kulezo zindawo. 

Izizukulwane zethu zakusasa zithemba ukuthi thina sizolondoloza umhlabathi ukuze zona zizokwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla. Ngokuphatha umhlabathi ngendlela efanelekile singaqinisa ukuthi umhlaba usazosetshenziswa kusasa nakusasa. 
 
 
 
 

