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Inshuwalense yezindleko zokuqala – kufanele uthathe inshuwalense yomvuno?

 Instructions: 

Folio strap: Inshuwalense 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi 

 

Ngoba umsebenzi wokulima wenziwa kakhulu ngaphandle, kukhona izingozi eziningi ezingavela, kaningi izindleko zokutshala zingaphezu kwenani lokuthenga lawo masimu lapho kutshalwa khona. Ngokwejwayekile abalimi bacindezekile ukuboleka imali kumabhange noma kuma-agribhizinisi ukuqala ukutshala. Ukuboleka nokubolekisa imali kuyibhizinisi elinezinkinga eziningi, ngoba labo ababolekisa imali abafuni ukulahlekelwa leyo mali. Ngokwejwayelekile umuntu obolekayo ufanele anikeze isibambiso semali etshelekwayo – ngamanye amazwi, lona obolekisa imali uzophinda ayithole kanjani leyo mali uma kungekho umvuno? 

Uma wena ungumnini wepulazi lapho ulima khona, umbolekisi uzodinga ukuthi arejeste ibondi kulelo pulazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma wehluleka ukukhokha imali oyibolekile, umbolekisi uzothengisa lelo pulazi athathe imali lesikwenetu. Kubalimi abasakhulayo lokhu kungadala izinkinga eziningi – kuzoba isono ukulahlekelwa ipulazi lapho ungatholi umvuno omuhle. Kukhona abaningi abalimi abasakhulayo abangelo ipulazi labo – abanye baqasha amasimu, kaningi lawo mapulazi ngamapulazi omuzi wonke (umhlaba kaGavumenti ophathwa ngumkhandlu wesigodi). Wena ongumlimi awukwazi ukukhipha ibondi kulowo mhlaba ngoba awunaso sitefikiti esithi ungumnini waleyo ndawo. Ngesikhathi esidlule abalimi abalima amasimu omuzi wonke bebangakwazi ukuboleka imali ngoba bebengenaso sibambiso semali. Lapho-ke sekuqale ukungena inshuwalense yezindleko zokuqala ukulima – manje umlimi ukwazi ukukhipha inshuwalense yezitshalo ezisemasimini, uma kuvela ingozi engakwazi ukuvinjwa, inkampani yenshuwalense izokhokha imali yesikwenetu sakhe. 

Ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokukhiqiza ukudla ekulimeni nokwehla kwezibambiso zabakhiqizi, isidingo senshuwalense yezindleko zokuqala siyakhula njalo lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Inshuwalense le imiswa ngokubheka umvuno okhiqizwayo ngumlimi othile esikhathini eside (long term, average produced yield (LAPY)) epulazini elithile. 

Ukuze abalimi bavunyelwe ukuthola le nshuwalense kudingeka ukuthi bagcwalise amafomu abuza imininingwane elandelayo: 

Indawo lapho ipulazi likhona. 

Imephi lepulazi elilinganiswe ngeGPS elikhombisa onke amasimu, inani lamasimu nazo zonke ezinye izindawo. 

Isimo sobunini bomhlaba – umlimi ungumnini, ipulazi liyaqashwa, ngumhlaba womuzi wonke (wesigodi), njll? 

Ngubani ozonikeza umlimi imali yokuqala ukulima? 

Umlando womvuno othalakale ngumlimi othile epulazini elithile maqondana: 

Namahetheli atshaliweyo; 

Nomvuno otholakale eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. 

Umphumelo wesihlolisiso sesimo somhlabathi ngaphakathi kweminyaka emibili okhombisa isimo somhlabathi epulazini nasemasimini. 

Imininingwane eqondene nendlela yokwenza umsebenzi epulazini elithile – izindlela zokulima amasimu, izitshalo ezitshalwayo, umanyolo othelwayo, izindlela zokuphatha ukhula, izifo nezilokazane, njll. 

Imininingwane eqondene nomkhontilaki ozokwenza umsebenzi. 

Izikhathi zokutshala nezokuqala ukumila – kukhona izikhathi ezithile kuphela ezivunyelwayo, izitshalo ezitshalwa ngaphandle kwalezo zikhathi azingeke zithole inshuwalense. 

Umhlaba uvikelwa kanjani ngokuntshontsha? 

Izitshalo zizovikelwa kanjani zingadliwa izimpahla njengezinkomo? 



Izindawo ezinemvula yasehlobo 

Inshuwalense yezindleko zokuqala ezindaweni lapho kuna khona ehlobo ihambelana nenshuwalense yesicotho – inani lale nshuwalense ilangana nemali yomvuno ovama okutholakala njalo esikhathini eside kulelo pulazi. Umlimi ukhetha inani lenshuwalense yesicotho. 



Izindawo ezinemvula zasebusika 

Inshuwalense yezindleko zokuqala ezindaweni lapho kuna khona ebusika ima yodwa, ayihambelani nenshuwalense yesicotho. Lapha isicotho sifana nezinye izingozi ezingenzeka futhi inshuwalense izokhokha ngokulingana nezinye izingozi uma kuwa isicotho. 



Inshuwalense yamasimu anganiselwa

Izingozi ezivikelwa inshuwalense emasimini anganiselwa yilezi: isicotho, umlilo, intilansipoti, isithwathwa, ukoma, imvula eningi kakhulu, ukuhhebhuka komhlabathi ngamanzi, ukukhithika, umoya, umoya ovunguzayo, nokunye ukulahleka komvuno ngenxa isimo sezulu esibi, izifo zezitshalo ezimbi ezingakwazi ukuvinjwa, izilokazane nengozi yezilwane zazemvelo. 



Inshuwalense yezindleko zokuqala maqondana nezindlela zokulima ezifanelekile

Abalimi abakhipha inshuwalense bazohlolwa njalonjalo ukubona ukuthi basebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezifanelekile. Lezi zindlela ziyalandela: 

Izindlela zokulima ezifanelekile; 

Ukulondoloza umswakamo emhlabathini; 

Ukuphatha ukhula; 

Ukutshala izinhlobo zezimbewu ezivunyelwe inkampani yaseARC; 

Izikhathi zokutshala – maqondana nomlayezo weARC/seed company; 

Iphrogramu eligcwele lokhufafaza umuthi; 

Ukungalimi emasimini angenamandla anenkinga (umhlabathi ongashonile, umhlabathi ogcwele amanzi noma amasimu akhathazekwa izinyoni); 

Ukulinganisa kwenani likamanyolo nomphumelo wokuhlolwa kwesimo somhlabathi;

Umuthi wokubulala ukhula othelwanga ngesikhathi esifanelekile. 



Inshuwalense yokuqala lapho kuniselwa khona 

Izingozi ezivikelwa yinshuwalense lapho kuniselwa khona yilezi: isicotho, umlilo, intilansipoti, isithwathwa, ukuna okuningi kakhulu, ukuhhebhuka komhlabathi ngenxa amanzi, ukukhithika, umoya, umoya ovunguzayo, nokunye ukulahlekisa umvuno ngenxa isimo sezulu esibi, izifo zezitshalo ezimbi ezingakwazi ukuvinjwa, izilokazane nengozi yezilwane zazemvelo. Ukoma akuvikelwa nakanjani. 

Inshuwalense yezindleko zokuqala ibiza imali eningi. Manje sibona ukuthi izindleko zokuqala ziphakama njalo kodwa inani lentengiso yomkhiqizo livama ukwehla (okwenzekayo ezitshalweni eziningi ngokwamanje). Sekudingeka ukuthi syikhiphe leyo nshuwalense, kodwa ekugcineni akusasali lutho okuzongena ekhukhwini lomlimi emva kokuvuna. Kungenzeka ukuthi uyitshelekile leyo mali, futhi ungaba nekhono lokukhokhela leso sikwenetu, kodwa inzuzo yakho izobangakanani? Wena ongumlimi unalo ithuba lokukhetha ukuthi uzokwenza njani? Ngeliqiniso, awukwazi ukukhetha – kuzodingeka ukuthi ufake ipulazi lakho ebondini, noma uzocindezelwa ukukhipha inshuwalense ezokhava isikwenetu sakho. Ekugcineni, awungeke ukwazi ukuthola imali ukuqala ukulima! 

Kodwa lokhu akusizo izindaba ezibuhlungu kuphela ngoba: uma wenza wonke umsebenzi odingwa inkampani yenshuwalense ngendlela efanelekile, uzolima kahle, uzosebenzisa izindlela ezinsha zokukhiqiza futhi ithuba lakho lokuthola umvuno omuhle lizokhanya kahle. 

