Soil 2											 IsiZulu

Ukuhlola nokuphatha ukucina komhlabathi 

Instructions: 

Folio strap: Umhlabathi 

Byline: Kubhalwe ngumlimi onolwazi 

Caption: 

Diagram 1: Umshinyana ohlola ukucina komhlabathi ukhombisa ukuthi kwenzekani phansi emhlabathini. 

Esibhalweni sethu kulamanye amakhasi sichaze ukucina komhlabathi nendlela kwenzekayo. Lapha sizochaza ukuthi umshinyana othestha (tester) ukucina komhlabathi usebenza kanjani futhi izindlela zokuphatha ukucina komhlabathi. 

Ukusebenzisa ama’penetrometer’ nalokhu okubheka ukucina komhlabathi 

Diagram1


Into ehlola ukucina komhlabathi izosikhombisa ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi komhlabathi kodwa kukhona nezinye izinto nezindlela zokuhlola ukucina komhlabathi. Lo mshinyana uyasiza ngoba usebenza sonke isikhathi, noma kuvuniwe noma kutshaliwe. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ukucina komhlabathi kwenza ukuthi izitshalo zingamili kahle, ungasebenzisa le thestha kalula ukuthi ikhuphi inkinga. Futhi kufanele inani lamanzi emhlabathini lifane kuleyo nsimu. Uma kome kakhulu noma kumanzi kakhulu, ukuhlola kwethestha akungeke kuthembeke sonke isikhathi.

Ithestha liyinsimbi edingilizile nge-30˚ (steel cone) elinesibambiso okusiza ukulingenisa emhlabathi negeji elikhombisa ukucina komhlabathi. Kukhona amakhoni asebenza emhlabathini othambile namanye asebenza emhlabathini olukhuni. Umshini ukukhombisa ngama’kilopascal’ ukuthi umhlabathi ucine kangakanani. Ukhombisa futhi ukuthi ukucina kunjani endaweni engxenye phansi emhlabathini. Lokhu kungakusiza ukubona ukucina kunjani kuwo wonke amasimu akho bese uzokwazi ukulima ngendlela efanelekile ezindaweni ezahlukene. 

Ukuphatha ukucina komhlabathi.

Izindlela zokuphatha ukucina kuyalandela:

Ungalimi kakhulu noma kaningi. Sebenza ngendlela yokonga umhlabathi uze ufike lapho ulime ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi “minimum tillage”. 

Sebenzisa ugandaganda neminye imishini kuphela lapho umhlabathi ungenamanzi amaningi. Ungakuhlola kalula lokhu. Gubha umgojana ofika ku 15 cm bese uthatha isampula somhlabathi. Zama ukwenza ibhola ngalo mhlabathi ngesandla. Uma ibhola lenzeka kalula (umhlabathi uyanamathelana) bese umhlabathi umanzi kakhulu. Uma ibhola lifahlaka kalula bese ungangenisi imishini. 

Zama ukungasebenzisi amageja amadala aphendula umhlabathi. 

Sebenzisa amageja anamazinyo acijile (tyne) akwazi ukungena ngokujula ukuphula izindawo ngaphansi ezicinile. 

Lapho usebenzisa lelo geja, bheka ukuthi linganyakazisi umhlabathi ongaphezulu kodwa lifanele lingene ngokujula okufika ku-25 - 45 cm ukufahlaza amapani acinile. 

Uma utshala ngepulantela elineripha elinganyakazisi umhlabathi wangaphezulu kuzosiza ukufahlaza ukucina okukhona ngenxa imvula eningi noma ukuhamba kwemishini esindayo. Qinisa ukuthi izimbewu zibekwa nganhlanye nomanyolo emseleni.

Ripha ngaphakathi kwemisele yezitshalo, kuzofahlaza ukucina komhlabathi ngaphezulu, kuzongenisa umoya emhlabathini futhi uma izulu lina futhi, amanzi azongena kalula.

Kubalulekile ukushintsha izinhlobo zezitshalo njalo. Izimpande zezitshalo ezahlukene azifani bese nazo zizosiza ukuvimba ukucina komhlabathi. Ukutshala ukolo, ubhekilanga nosoya kuzosiza ukuvimba ukucina komhlabathi. Izitshalo ezifana notshani njengefolishi zingatshalwa ezindaweni lapho umlimi engafuni ukutshala udlelo olungaphindi ulinywe futhi. Lezi zitshalo zingatshalwa futhi ukuphumulisa umhlabathi ngoba akuhambi imishini lapho ngaleso sikhathi. Umvuno wezitshalo zokudla ezitshalwa emva keminyaka emibili noma emithathu kuleyo ndawo uvama ukukhuphuka.

Zama ukuhamba kwamasondo emishini kufane – imishini ihambe endaweni elingene. Ukucina komhlabathi kulezo zindawo zizosiza ugandaganda uhambe kangcono bese awudli idizili kakhulu. Izindawo lapho izitshalo zitshalwa khona azicindezeleki bese umhlabathi lapho awucini. Lapho kukhona le migwaqana ecinile kuzosiza futhi ngesikhathi imvula ina kakhulu.

Qala ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezizokonga umhlabathi futhi zama ukungenisa izinto zemvelo (izinhlanga) eziningi njalo emhlabathini ngeminyaka ezayo. 

