IPhalamende le-Afrika Yonke libambe umhlangano wokugcotshwa kwalo e-Addis Ababa ngoNdasa ngo-2004 kanti ngoNtulikazi kulowo nyaka labe selinquma ukuthi i-PAP izozinza eNingizimu Afrika. IPhalamende selibambe imihlangano yayo owesibili nowesithathu ngokulandelana e-Midrand, eNingizimu Afrika. Umhlangano wesibili usetshenziselwe ikakhulu ukwamukela kwemithethonqubo nezinqubo ze-PAP namakomiti ayo nokuxoxisana ngomgomo nenkulumomgomo nezindlela zeNyunyana ye-Afrika.
IPhalamende le-Afrika Yonke okwamanje lisagobe amadlangala noma lisakhoseliswe okwesikhashana, isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu e-Gallagher Estate ese-Midrand. INingizimu Afrika, ngesandla soMnyango wezaNgaphandle, iSishayamthetho sesiFundazwe, ibe nesandla kakhulu ekuphumeleleni kwemihlangano owesibili nowesithathu wePhalamende. INingizimu Afrika isigcinile isibopho sayo ngokweSivumelwano sokuba yizwe okuHlanganelwe/okubanjelwe kulo yabuye yelekelela ngokwengeziwe, isibonelo, abasebenzi, iPhalamende le-Afrika Yonke belingakasebenzi ngokuphelele, njengokuqasha abasebenzi. IPhalamende le-Afrika Yonke lingene emahhovisini alo amasha ngomhlangano wesithathu.
Imithetho yoMkhandlu wezoMnotho, ezeNhlalo nezaMasiko (ECOSOCC) yamukelwe uMbuthano we-AU ngenyanga kaNtulikazi ngo 2004, ngemuva kwenqubo ende yokubonisana yamalunga emibuso nemiphakathi. Abamele imiphakathi yase-Afrika bahlangana ekomkhulu leNyunyana ye-Afrika elise-Addis Ababa, eTopiya, kusukela zingama-27 kuya zingama-30 enyangeni kaNdasa ngo-2005 kuyokwethulwa uMkhandlu wezoMnotho, ezeNhlalo nezaMasiko weNyunyana ye-Afrika (ECOSOCC). Lomcimbi oyinqophamlando waba yisiqalo sesigamu esisha semisebenzi yeNyunyana mayelana nokumiswa kwezindlela zokuqhuba imisebenzi ye- ECOSOCC; nokusungula inqubo yokukhetha amalunga eSigungu-Jikelele se-ECOSOCC. Ikomiti yesikhashana yeminyaka emibili lakhethwa ukuze liqhube lenqubo.
Ukuze kufaniswe ingqalasizinda yezokwahlulela zeNyunyana ye-Afrika, uMbuthano we-AU ngenyanga kaNtulikazi unqume ukuba Inkantolo yase-Afrika yamalungelo esintu kanye neNkantolo yezobulungiswa yeNyunyane ye-Afrika kudidiyelwe ndawonye kube inkantolo eyodwa. Umbhalo ngokomthetho osewuhlaka ophathelene nokusungulwa kwenkantolo ehlanganisiwe kufanele uphothulwe ukuze ubhekwe nguMbuthano kanye noMkhandlu Ophethe ngenyanga kaMasingana ngo-2006. Kodwa lokhu ngeke kulimaze ukuqalisa ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa kweNkantolo ye-Afrika yamaLungelo eSintu, esikhona kumanje kulandela ukuqala ukusebenza kweSivumelwano mayelana noMqulu we-Afrika wamalungelo eSintu ngokuSungulwa kweNkantolo ye-Afrika yamaLungelo eSintu eqale ukusebenza ngomhlaka 25 kuMasingana ngo-2004.
Ikhomishani ye-AU yathunywa yiKomiti Eliphethe ukuba yenze ucwaningo okuhloswe ngalo ukuba kwenziwe-lula ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwama- STC. Ukuthandabuza kweKhomishani ye-AU ukukhipha umbiko walolucwaningo kuphoqelele oNgqongqoshe balomkhakha ukuba babambe imihlangano ngokwabo. INingizimu Afrika yiyona obekubanjelwe kuyo imihlangano yoNgqongqoshe bomkhakha wezeMisebenzi, ezeNhlalakahle, ezeZindlu, ezaBasebenzi boMbuso nokuPhatha, ezeziMboni nezokuThutha ngoMoya. Kodwa-ke, iKhomishani ye-AU kulindeleke ukuba yethule umbiko wocwaningo okukhulunywa ngalo kuMbuthano we-AU ngenyanga kaMasingana ngo-2006.
Izinhlaka zenqubomgomo ye-AU ziwamukele uMbono neNkulumomgomo yeNyunyana ye-Arika kanye noHlelo lokuZokwenziwa lweKhomishani ye- AU okuhloswe ngalo ukuba ihole ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Afrika nokusetshenziswa kwe-NEPAD. Ngenxa yalokhu imali eyabelwe izinhlelo eziphambili ze-AU yabhekisiswa eMhlanganeni Ongavamile weKomiti Eliphethe, owabanjwa ngomhlaka 6-7 kuZibandlela ngo-2004. Lomhlangano wamukela isamba semali eyisabelo kunyakamali ka-2005/2006, okuyimali eyizigidi ezingama-US$158,384. Isamba sesabelo sesiphelele sakhiwe isabelo semali yeMisebenzi eyizigidi ezingama-US$ 63, nesabelo seziNHlelo esiyizigidi ezingama-US$ 95,384. INingizimu Afrika isikhokhile umnikelo wayo ongamaphesenti ayi-8.25% emali eyabelwe uMsebenzi ngokwesikali sokuhlolwa.
INingizimu Afrika njengosihlalo weKomiti loNgqongqoshe ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile kulenqubo yokubhalwa kweSikali sokuHlolwa esihlongozwayo. Isikali sokuHlolwa esisha samukelwa uMbuthano we-AU ngoNtulikazi ku-2005 kwavunyelwana ukuthi iyogcina kumaphesenti ayi-15% ngaphandle kwalapho kuzoqalwa khona. Lesi sikalo esisha siyoqala ukusebenza ngenyanga kaMasingana ngo-2006.
INingizimu Afrika ngokuxhasa ngezimali ucwaningo olwenziwe yinkampani ye-Ernest & Young okuhloswe ngalo ukuba kuqiniswe izindlela zezimali nokuphendula ngomsebenzi we-AU. Umbiko wocwaningo usukhishiwe kanti iNingizimu Afrika iyakwesekela ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele nangempumelelo kwezincomo ezenziwe abakwa-Ernest & Young ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iKhomishani ye-AU isebenzisa izindlela ezizwakalayo zezimali nezokuphendula ngomsebenzi nokuthi izakhiwo zoLwazi nobuChwepheshe bokuXhumana (ICT) zeKhomishani zingezesimanje. Uma sezamukelwe lezi zincomo kulindeleke ukuba zisetshenziswe ngokuqhutshwa kancane kancane kuqalwe ngalezo ezinokuthinta ezezimali noma ukusebenza kwabantu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesinqumo mayelana nezinhlaka esathathwa ngo-2003 kuMbuthano we-AU eMaputo, ukuqashwa kwezisebenzi kuyaqhubeka. INingizimu Afrika isazosebenzisa isabelo eyabelwe sona sabasebenzi. Kuze kuba manje, babili kuphela abaseNingizimu Afrika asebeqashwe yiKhomishani okungu Dkt. B Tema (ovela eMnyangweni wezeSayensi nobuChwepheshe) njengoMqondisi: Imithombo Yabasebenzi, Isayensi noBuciko, noNksz F Lortan (ovela emphakathini) njengesikhulu senqubomgomo eNgxenyeni yoMphakathi nezinhlangano ze-Diaspora - ebiyaziwa nge-CSSDCA ngaphambilini.
Isimemezelo esifungelwe sinikela yonke imibuso angamalunga ukuba kube nokulingana ekubambeni iqhaza kobulili obahlukene. Imibuso engamalunga kudingeka ukuba ihlanganise umbiko okhombisa okufeziwe noma ukwehluleka ukukhuthaza ukulingana ngokobulili nokulingana. Umbiko wezwe kufanele wethulwe kuMbuthano we-AU ngenyanga kaNtulikazi yiKhomishani ye-AU. INingizimu Afrika iphothule yethula umbiko wayo ngonyaka ka 2005 kwiKhomishani kusenesikhathi soMbuthano we-AU obubanjelwe e-Sirte, eseLibya ngenyanga kaNtulikazi ngo-2005..
Kwabuye kwalungiswa nemibhalo ngesimo mayelana nezikweletu ezikweletwa amazwe ase-Afrika kumazwe athuthukile nezikhungo ezinhlobonhlobo, nakwezohwebo lwamazwe omhlaba, imali yentuthuko, ulwazi nobuChwepheshe bezokuXhumana (ICT) neNgculazi zesandulalela -ngculazi (HIV/AIDS). I-NEPAD ibuye yahlela izingxoxo nezingqungquthela ezinkulu nemiphakathi nomkhakha ongekho phansi kukahulumeni.
Imigomo nemiyalezo ephambili ye-NEPAD: i-Afrika engeyethu nomthwalo wokuthuthukiswa izwekazi; ukukhuthazwa nokuqhubela-phambili intandoyeningi, amalungelo abantu, ukuphatha ngendlela efanele nobuholi obunokuphendula, nentuthuko enokuzethemba ukuze kunciphe ukwethembela osizweni; amakhono okwakha ezikhungweni zeAfrika; ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana nokutshala imali phakathi kwamazwe aseAfrika ngokwawo; ukukhawulezisa ukuhlanganyelwa komnotho wezifunda; ukunqubekela-phambili yabesifazane; ukuqinisa izwi le-Afrika ezinkundleni zamazwe omhlaba; ukuzama ukuhlanganyela nemiphakathi yase-Afrika, nomkhakha ongekho kuhulumeni, amanye amazwe ase-Afrika nemiphakathi yamazwe omhlaba.
Lena imigomo nemiyalezo yababumbi noma abaqophi be- NEPAD abelokhu beyigcizelela kusukela lwaqala loluhlelo ngo-2000. Bakuqhamisile ukuthi abantu baseAfrika sebenqume ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuzibambela mathupha ikusasa lezwe labo futhi sebemise indlela yokuthuthukisa izwe labo kulonyaka-khulu wama-21. Ukuzibambela mathupha kusho ukwamukela umthwalo wokubhekana nezinselelo elibhekene nazo izwekazi. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuxazululwa kwezingxabano, ukuncishiswa kobubha, ukulwa nenkohlakalo, ukunciphisa imithwalo yezifo nokuqinisa amakhono emibuso yaseAfrika.
Yini etholakele kuleminyaka emine Ngabe kukhona ushintsho endleleni eyenza ngayo izinto I-AU, Imiphakathi yezoMnotho yeZifunda (RECs) nohulumeni bamazwe Ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-NEPAD khona Iminotho yase-Afrika yona iqhuba kanjani Ngabe isimo nengqikithi yobudlelwano nokuxoxisana namazwe anezimboni nezikhungo ezinhlobonhlobo kuguqukile yini?
Ekuhlaziyeni iqhubeko noma igxatha le-NEPAD kusukela yethulwa ngo 2001, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuguqula izwe nezwekazi kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside ngeke kwafezwa eminyakeni emine nje. Ubufakazi obuvela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba bukhombisa ukuthi izinqubo zalulohlobo zingathatha amashumi ngamashumi eminyaka noma izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Lapha e-Afrika lomsebenzi unzima kakhulu uma ubheka ukuthi lelizwekazi linamazwe angama-53 okufanele aguqulwe. Asigcine lokhu ezingqondweni zethu njengoba zihlola inqubeko noma igxatha elithathwe yi-Afrika kuleminyaka emine edlule.
Sikholwa ukuthi igxatha elikhuthazayo nelisheshayo libonakele kuleminyaka emibalwa eyedlule. I-AU yenza izinto ngendlela eyehlukile kuleyo ye-OAU eyelamayo. Igunya nemithwalo enikwe khona ikusebenzisa ngobuqotho futhi abaholi abaningi baseAfrika bayasiza ukuyenza ibe inhlangano ephumelelayo, hayi nje kuphela ngokwengeza izinsiza kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi yenza umsebenzi wayo ngekhono, ngokulandela inqubo emisiwe nangokubeka izinto obala kungabi namfihlo.
Okwesibili, izinhlangano eziphambili ze-AU seziqinisiwe ngokwamagunya azo, izabelo zemali, nobuholi. Kuyimigomo ye-NEPAD nokuzinikela kwayo okunikeza amandla nekhomba indlela kulezi ziguquko. Ngenxa yalokhu, iKhomishani ye-AU isinegunya eliqinile nekhono elingcono kuneNhlangano eyelamayo, iHhovisi lobuBhalane le-OAU. Futhi, uMkhandlu woXolo nokuVikela unezinhlaka zobuholi ezingcono nezindlela zokuqhuba umsebenzi eziqondile kunomlingani wayo ngaphansi kwe-OAU, imithelela yalokhu isivele isiyabonakala ezimweni eziningi.
Okwesithathu, nge-NEPAD, abaholi base-Afrika abathathelanga kubona nje kuphela ubunini nobuholi bohlelo lokuvuselela ezenhlalo nomnotho kwezwekazi nje kuphela, babuye futhi baguqula ingqikithi yalolo hlelo futhi benza inqubekela phambili ekuguquleni umongo wamazwe omhlaba.
Abaholi baseAfrika abaningi ngokuzinikela kwabo okucacile ekubhekaneni nenkohlakalo, ukuphatha kabi ngokungafanele nokungabi namakhono nokwehluleka ukulethela izakhamizi izidingo nezinsiza basebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlolana phakathi kwamazwe. Ngaphansi kweminyaka emibili kusukela amukeliwe amaqophelo, imikhombandlela nezinqubo, amazwe angama-23 aselwamukele loluhlelo kanti ukuhlolwa kwamazwe amabili - okuyi-Ghana ne Rwanda -sekuphothuliwe.
Enye intuthuko ejabulisayo ukuqokothiswa kwentandoyeningi nokwenziwa- ngcono ukuphathwa komnotho kulo lonke izwekazi. Sibona ukhetho olunempumelelo nokushintsha kwabaholi ngokuthula iminyaka yonke. Sisanda kubona ukushintsha kwabaholi ngokuthula e-Mozambique naseNamibia, kwamanye, kanti i-Tanzania nayo izoba noshintsho olufanayo maduze nje. Abaholi base-Afrika bangenelele ngempumelelo eTogo ukuqinisekisa iguquko kwezombusazwe ngokuthula kulelozwe.
Izinga elilingene lokukhula komnotho wezwekazi ngo 2004 belingamaphesenti ama- 5.1 (okuyikhona okuphezulu eminyakeni eyisishiyangalolunye) kanti ukuntuleka kwezimali zomphakathi kulelizwekazi okulingene kwehle kwancishe kwaba ngu-zero. Izinga lokukhula komnotho ngamaphesenti ama-5.1 kulandela ukukhula ngamaphesenti ama-3.7 ngo 2003 kanye nokukhula ngamaphesenti ama-2.9 ngo 2002.
Kunokuqhubeka okuhle futhi ekusetshenzisweni kwezinye izinhlelo ze-NEPAD kumbandakanya ezempilo, ICT, ezemfundo, ezemvelo kanye nezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.
Kusukela ngo-2001, okuphambili nokuphezulu ohlwini lwentuthuko ukulwa nomthwalo wezifo ezivikelekayo nezelaphekayo. Ngo-2001, sibize amazinga angakaze enzakale okutshala kwezempilo ukuze kuqhutshelwe phambili intuthuko kwezenhlalo nezomnotho nokwelapha ngama-antiretroviral. Kusukela lapho sesibone ukuvumbuka kweSikhwama sokuLwa neNgculazi, isifo sofuba, nomalaleveva kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa kwe-AIDS olwaziwa nge- 3 x 5 AIDS Treatment Strategy, phakathi kokunye. Isu le-NEPAD 'lokuLwa nengculazi' lineka uhlelo lokubhekana ne- HIV ne AIDS nomthelela wayo kulelizwekazi futhi selididiyelwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo ze-NEPAD. Ukugcizelela kwethu ukuba kwandiswe ukwelekelelwa kwezindlela zezempilo ezihlanganisiwe njengeqola ezoletha nezindlela ezintsha zokuqeqesha nokugcinwa kwabafundele ezempilo nomthelela endleleni okwenziwa ngayo eAfrika nasemhlabeni wonke. Amazwe aseqale ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zezempilo ze-NEPAD kanti ukubambisana kwethu neNhlangano yoMhlaba yezeMpilo, ikakhulukazi ihhovisi lezifunda ze-Afrika iyaqhubeka nokuba nemiphumela emihle. Ukwesekelwa kwemisebenzi yokuphuthunyiswa kwentuthuko eyelekelela ezempilo sekumisiwe. Ikhomishani ye-Afrika nayo seyenze izincomo eziqhamile yelekelela indima ye- NEPAD's kwezempilo.
Ngaphezulu kwalokhu, sikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komhlahlandlela wokuphatha kusetshenziswa amakhompuyutha (e-governance), okumbandakanya umkhakha wombuso, amakhomishani okhetho kanye nohulumeni basekhaya. Ingxenye yokuqala yalomsebenzi igxile kwiphalamende ngekhompuyutha, elizokwenza amaphalamende ase-Afrika akwazi ukuthola nokwabelana ngolwazi nabashayimthetho abaqondene nezindima zokuphatha.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezingqalasizinda kuthole ukwelekelela kukho kokubili I-United Nations Millennium Project nemibiko yeKhomishani ye-Africa, kokubili kuphakamise ukwandisa ukwelekelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezingqalasizinda. Sikholwa ukuthi ukuhlanganyela kwalemisebenzi yentuthuko kuzoholela ekwandiseni ukutshala kwezimali kulomkhakha. Ngakho-ke, sinethemba ukuthi uma ubheka iqhaza intuthuko yezingqalasizinda enalo ekukhuleni komnotho e-Afrika kuzogcineka kusezingeni eliphezulu kunangesikhathi esedlule.
I-NEPAD ikhuthele futhi ekuthuthukisweni komhlahlandlela wokuqinisa ikhono lokuphatha emazweni ase-AfriKa. Lokhu kuholwa ngoNgqongqoshe baseAfrika bezokuSebenzela uHulumeni nokuPhatha. Icebo lokuqala selilungisiwe kanti iKhomishani yase-Europe inikele ngemali yokuqaliswa kweNgxenye yokuQala yaloluhlelo.
Siyaqhubeka ukuxhumana nomphakathi emazingeni ahlukene. Ezingeni eliphathelene nezinhlobo zonke kusungulwe isithangami sokuxhumana somphakathi ehovisini likaNobhala we-NEPAD ngenhloso yokuba nesizinda esisodwa sokuxhumana nomphakathi. Ezingeni lomkhakha, zonke izinhlelo ziqaliswa ukusetshenziswa ngokubonisana nemibuthano yomphakathi. Isibonelo, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuhlolana kwamazwe aseAfrika (African peer review). Kodwa-ke , kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga nobungako bokubamba iqhaza komphakathi lincike kakhulu kumakhono aleyo mibuthano yomphakathi. I-NEPAD, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa izinhla zamazwe iyokwelekelela ukuthuthukiswa kwalawo makhono emazweni amaningi lapho lokhu kusasilele emuva.
Kulokhu okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi i-NEPAD isikhuthaze intuthuko kulelizwekazi. Isikhiphe amandla nokwenza. Ngaphezu kwakho konke isiyenze isisekelo sokuguqulwa kwezolimo e-Afrika nokuqalisa ukusebenza kweziguquko kwezenhlalo nomnotho kulo lonke izwekazi.
Abamabhizimisi bayabandakanyeka futhi ekulungisweni nokuxhasa ngezimali imisebenzi eminingi ye-NEPAD, okubalwa kuyo amakhebula ahamba ngaphansi kwamanzi nokuxhumana kwama-cellular.
Ukutshala izimali komkhakha ongekho kuhulumei kwezezimayini sekwande kakhulu kuleminyaka emincane eyedlule futhi kubonakale itshisekelo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezokumbiwa. Kokubili izimayini esebenza kumazwe amaningi nezinkampani ezisencane sezibuyile eAfrika ngobuningi, ziqala imisebenzi yokuhlola emazweni amaningi okubalwa kuwo I-Botswana, DRC, Tanzania kanye ne-Mali.
Okuhambisana nalentuthuko inqubomgomo yokuphuthunyiswa nokulawulwa kweziguquko nokwenza-ngcono ukubambisana koNqgongqoshe beziMayini baseAfrika. Sebesungule nesithangami esizokhuthaza ukufanana noma ukuvumelana kwezinqubomgomo, ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali nokukhulisa amakhono adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe lomkhakha.
Yebo, amazwe aseAfrika kufanele enze okunye okuningi futhi ukwenza isimo okungathuthukiswa kuso amabhizinisi kwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ngamanye amazwe. Lokhu kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu ukuze I-Africa ikwazi ukuzithuthukisa yona ngokwayo.
Bonke okubanjiswene nabo kwentuthuko nabo bakukhuthalele ukukhuthaza umkhakha ongaphandle kukahulumeni, ikakhulukazi uhulumeni waseJalimani, obekusingathelwe kuyo izithangami ezibalulekile zomkhakha ongekho kuhulumeni kuleminyaka emibili eyedlule.
Omunye umhlokolozo we-NEPAD kube ngukuzama ukwakha ukubambisana namazwe anezimboni eziningi, ukubambisana okwesekelwe phezu kokwethembana, inhlonipho, ukwethemba nezibopho. Lenqubo iqale ngo-2001 ngesimemo sababumbi be-NEPAD esasibhekiswe kubaholi bamazwe e-G8 sokuba babambisane nabo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-NEPAD.
Ukwandiswa kokubambisana namazwe e-G8 nabaholi be-OECD ngabaqambi be-NEPAD nakho kusizile ekuhlehliseni ukuncipha kosizo lwezentuthuko e-Africa. Yebo, Abaholi baseAfrika angeke bazincoma bona bodwa ngalokho osekufeziwe, kodwa ngeke kwaphikwa ukuthi umhlahlandlela wenqubomgomo ye-NEPAD ube yisisusa sakho konke futhi wacacisa ngokuthi yini efunwa yi-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokhu uhlelo lomsebenzi lwe-NEPAD nezinkulumo zabaholi be-NEPAD sekubeke i-Afrika nezinhlelo zayo eziphambili ohlelweni lomsebenzi lomhlaba wonke nakuba kunezinkinga ezinzima ezivumbuka kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngaphandle kwe- NEPAD, Afrika beyingeke yaba phezulu ohlelweni lomsebenzi, futhi ibingeke ibe nalo ithuba lokuhlala lapho.
Lezi zimpawu zikhombisa ukubambisana ekuletheleni. Kodwa-ke izilinganiso zamanje zamazwe omhlaba ukuthi I-US$50-$75 billion wemali yosizo engena e-Afrika ngonyaka ziyadingeka ukuze kufezwe ama- MDG. Lokhu kudinga ukuphindwaphindwa kosizo njengesisombululo sesikhashana bese kwandiswa ngemuva kwalokho. Inselelo ngukuya ezingeni elilandelayo nokuthi abaholi be-Afrika banyakaze ngokushesha ezindabeni eziyidida noma ezikhathaza labo okubanjiswene nabo kwezentuthuko. Lokhu kumbandakanya ukulwa nenkohlakalo, ukulwa neNgculazi nesandulela -ngculazi, ukuphuthunyiswa kokwakhiwa kwamakhono, kanye nokuqiniswa kwekhono lokugwinqa/ukuhlaba umxhwele.
Ngokufingqiwe, NEPAD iyiguqulile futhi indikimba yohlelo lomsebenzi weNtuthuko eAfrika yasheshiswa ukusetshenziswa, ibuye futhi yaguqula ubunjalo bokuxoxisana namazwe anezimboni.
Lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu eminyakeni emine nje kuphela.
Inselelo yesibili ngukwakha amakhono ezikhungo zaseAfrika - Ohulumeni bakaZwelonke, ama-RECs kanye ne-AU. Ngale kokuba kwandiswe ukubhekisiswa kwalokhu amazwe aseAfrika ngeke akwazi ukusebenzisa ukutholakala kangcono kwezinsiza, ngeke ikwazi futhi ukwandisa ukulethwa kosizo lwezenhlalo ukuze ihlangabezane nama-DG. Ukwenziwa-ngcono kokuphatha nakho kuyoba sengozini.
Okufanele kwenziwe kuqala ukuze kuqiniswe ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwama -REC njengabashayela noma abaqhuba ukuhlanganiswa kweminotho yezifunda ngukunciphisa inani lamaqoqo nokuqeda ubulunga obunhlobonhlobo. Lokhu kudinga kuthathelwe isinyathelo ngokushesha.
Inselelo yesithathu ngukubhekana nomthwalo osindayo izifo ezifana nengculazi, isifo sofuba nomalaleveva eziwuthwese intuthuko yalelizwekazi yezomnotho nezenhlalo. Siyakwamukela ukuthi ezempilo ngenye yezingozi ezimbi zobumba, ukucwaswa ngezenhlalo, ukukhishwa inyumbazane nokungabi bikho kwentuthuko eAfrika. Kodwa-ke ukuhlanekezelwa kwalokhu nakho kuyiqiniso. Ngale kokufa nokuzwa ubuhlungu okungadingekile, umthwalo wezifo uvimbela kanzima intuthuko yezomnotho futhi sonakalisa inhlalo yelelizwekazi. Ukuze kubhekwane nalomonakalo wezempilo kulelizwekazi, akufanele sandise izinhlelo zokulwa nalezi zifo nje kuphela, kodwa kufanele futhi siqinise izindlela zezempilo okufanele kube yizona eziletha usizo futhi sibhekane nondaba lwabantu abasesebenza kulomkhakha. Uma iAfrika iqhubeka nokulahlekelwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo ngesivinini okwenzeka ngaso manje, inhloso yokwenza-ngcono ezempilo ngeke ifezeke.
Inselelo yesine ngukusheshisa ukuhlanganisa amacebo akhombisa i-NEPAD nezinhlelo zentuthuko kuzwelonke kanye/noma nama-PRSP ukuze kufezeke i-MDGPs nokugcina intuthuko. Izinhlelo eziningi zentuthuko kuzwelonke ezikhona njengamanje nama/noma ama-PRSPs aziklanyiwe ngendlela ezokwenza amazwe akwazi ukuphumelelisa iMDGs ngo 2015. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, amazwe kufanele ahlanganise ezolimo, ezempilo, ezemfundo ze-NEPAD kanye namakhono entuthuko, amanzi nenhlanzeko yomuzi, nezinhlelo zezesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zamabhizinisi amancane, amakhulu, naphakathi kumacebo entuthuko kazwelonke.
Inselelo yesihlanu ukuguqula indlela izikhungo zemali zentuthuko enhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi I-AfDB, Ibhange loMhlaba neKhomishani ye-EU ezelekelela ngayo izingqalasizinda zezentuthuko emazweni aseAfrika. Kufanele zakhe izindlela ezikhethekile zemisebenzi eyenzeka noma eyeqela kwamanye amazwe futhi ilekelele amalungiselelo emisebenzi. Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuba kube nokungenela kwabezombusazwe ukuze kwenziwe lezi zikhungo zibe yiziqola ezingasetshenziswa ukubhekana nokuxhumana kwe-Africa, ngoba lokhu kuyisithiyo esikhulu esivimbela ukukhula nokuqophisana.
Inselelo yesithupa ukuqinisa umkhakha ongaphandle kukahulumeni nokuheha nokutshala kwezimali ngqo ngamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amazwe aseAfrika kufanele asheshise ukwebolekana izimali ngokwayo nokwenza okulungile kwezezimakethe. Lokhu kudinga ukuba kuphuthunyiswe inqubomgomo neziguquko kwezokulawulwa kanye nokwelekelela kakhulu amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi. Ithimba lezeBhizinisi le-NEPAD kufanele lihole lenqubo kanti ihovisi likaNobhala le-NEPAD kufanele liqinise amakhono kulokhu.
Inselelo yesikhombisa ngukuphuthumisa ukusetshenziswa kwe- APRM. Lokhu kungaba isu elihle lokuzama ukuphatha kahle, ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, nokwenza-ngcono ukusebenza kahle nangempumelelo kohulumeni ekuletheni impahla nosizo kuzakhamuzi nokudala ukwethembela kwamazwe ahlosiwe ukuba ahehe ukwesekelwa nokutshalwa kwezimali. Umbiko we-APRM ngezwe uzoba isisekelo seziguquko eziphelele kwezokuphatha nokwakhiwa kwamakhono futhi kuyoqhuba nokubhekana nokukhathazeka ngenkohlakalo.
Insalelo yesishiyangalolunye ukuphendula izethembiso zamazwe anezimboni zibe izenzo khona kuzongena usizo lwezentuthuko, ukuvumelana kahle nokwenziwa-lula kwezinqubo zosizo, ukwesulwa nya kwezikweletu (okubandakanya izikweletu ezikweletwa izikhungo zentuthuko ezinhlobonhlobo) kanye nokupheliswa kwezokuhwebelana eziphendukezela ukwelekelelwa ngezimali kwezolimo. Sekuyaziwa manje ukuthi nakuba usizo lwezentuthuko lusebenza, amazwe ase-Africa ngeke akwazi ukufeza ama-MDG ngezinga elikhona njengamanje lwalolo sizo. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi i-Afrika inamandla amafishane emithombeni yayo okwandisa ezenhlalo nokutshalwa kwezinye izimali nakuba kungancishiswa amandla emali futhi kwandiswe ukukhula komnotho.
Iminyakazo yakamuva nje yokwesulwa kwezikweletu, ngemuva kokunxenxa okukhulu yi-Africa nabangani bayo, kungashayelwa ihlombe futhi sethemba ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa ngokushesha. I-NEPAD izoqapha ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu futhi izocela ukuba kunwetshelwe kuwo wonke amazwe aseAfrika Asathuthuke kancane kanye nezinye izinkambo ezifanayo kwezohwebo ezihlanekezela izinsiza zezolimo emazweni e- OECD. Yebo amazwe aseAfrika kufanele aphendule ngokufanele ngokutshala izinsiza ezitholakele ekunciphiseni ubumba, ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu (ikakhulukazi ngezempilo nezemfundo) kanye nezingqalasizinda.
Insalelo yesishiyagalolunye ngukubhekana nezingqinamba ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kosizo lwezentuthuko. Sekunokuvumelana kabanzi, ngisho nakuyona i-OECD neKomiti layo loSizo lwezeNtuthuko ukuthi impumelelo ngosizo lwezentuthuko ithunazekile yizinto eziningi nokuthi lokhu sekubhebhethekise okushiwoyo nge-Afrika ukuthi ayinalo ikhono lokumunya nokusebenzisa ngempumelelo imali. Ezibilini zalenkinga ukuthi imali itholakala noma ifika ngamancozuncozu ivela kubaxhasi ngabanye yezinhlelo zesikhathi esifushane ezinomthwalo onzima wezindleko okuvame ukuthi zidinge ukuba kumiswe izingqalasizinda. Kodwa i-Africa kufanele izinikele yona ngokwayo ukuba ingagudluli imithombo yayo iyisuse kuleyo mikhakha ethola usizo ngezentuthuko okwengeziwe.
Iziguquko eziphambili ekubunjweni kwezimali ngukugudlukela ekuthumeleni izicelo ezihluzekile ezesekelwe kumacebo kazwelonke ukuze kube nomthombo munye wemali nokuvumelana kahle kwemithombo/izinsiza. I-NEPAD inxusa ukuba ingxenye enkulu yosiso lwezentuthuko luye kumongo wesabelo sokuxhasa ngezimali ukwakhiwa kwamakhono okuncike kuwo ukulethwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi nokukhula komnotho. Lokhu kufanele kusekelwe ekubhekeleni ikusasa okukhulu, nesikhathi eside sokuxhaswa nokuthi iAfrika ithathele kuyo ubunini obukhulu. Ikhono lamaAfrika lokwelekelela ukusetshenziswa kufanele lilolongwe.
I-NEPAD inxusa ukuba kube nezindlela ezinganxenxa ukuba kutholakale usizo olwengeziwe ngokushesha nezindlela zokubuyiselwa kwezimali ezisetshenzisiwe ngokushesha ukuze kwelekelelwe uhulumeni kazwelonke okunguyena oveze ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni kazwelonke ezididiyela ukunwetshwa kwezempilo, ezemfundo, ezolimo, amanzi nenhlanzeko yekhaya nezimpawu zokwakhiwa kwamakhono. Isikhwama siyobuye futhi selekelele ukulungiswa imisebenzi yezingqalazisinda ezingama kwimincele kanye nokunxaswa kweminsebenzi ngqo.
Umbiko we-Millennium Project uqinisa ukuba kwandiswe izinhlelo zentuthuko kuzwelonke nokwakhiwa kwamakhono. Ikhomishani ye-Africa ikubeka kucace ukuthi i-Africa Action Plan okuwuhlelo lwamazwe aziwa nge-G8 alukakwandisi ukutholakala kwentuthuko edingekayo e-Afrika ukuze kufezwe ama-MDGs ngo-2015. Iphakamise ukuba kuthathwe izinyathelo ezibonakalayo nokuba kulinganiswe imali ezokwabelwa nezindlela zokwelekelela ngezimali.
Njenge-NEPAD, sizoyidlala indima yethu. Sinxusa zonke izinhlangano ezinenqubekela-phambili kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuba ziqinise isikhalo sokwandiswa kokwesekelwa kokuvuselelwa kweAfrika.
Ukuzinikela ekwandiseni isabelo sokwelekelela uhlelo loXolo nokuVikela lwe-AU okuzolindeleka minyaka yonke.
Ukuphindwa kabili kosizo lwezentuthuko eminyakeni emithathu kanye nokukhuliswa futhi ngemuva kwalokho ukuze kuqinisekiswa ukuthi i-Afrika iyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nama-MDG ngo-2015.
Isivumelwano ekusulweni kwezikweletu zawo eonke amazwe amazwe athuthuka kancane.
Isivumelwano ngezikhathi ngokuchithwa koxhaso kuhweba ngezolimo okuhlanekezelwe.
I-Afrika iqale kahle kakhulu, okufanele kubongwe nokukhombisa ukuzinikela kweziNhloko zemibuso ekwenzeni-ngcono izwekazi futhi kuwubufakazi bokungefezeka uma abaholi bezinikele, nokusekelwa ihovisi lezazi zonobhala abazinikelayo, basebenze ngokubambisana neKhomishana ye-AU. Ukukhula kwamazwe asebenzisa izinqubomgomo zezombusazwe nezokuphathwa komnotho ezinenqubekela-pambili nemihlahlandlela ngokulawula kungubufakazi bobuholi beziNhloko zemibuso. Ngezisebenzi ye-NEPAD kanye nabobonke okusetshenziswana nabo, i-Afrika ngokokuqala emlandweni wayo, isinesigcawu okuthuthukiswa kwelelizwekazi. Inselelo ukuqhubeka nokwakhwa kulesi sisekelo ngokuqinisa ukubambisana nabantu base-Afrika nemiphakathi yamazwe omhlaba, ikakhulu lawo mazwe anezimboni.
