February										Zulu

UFebruwari – isikhathi sokucabanga ngesikhathi sasehlobo



Instructions: 

Folio strap: Inani lezitshalo

Byline: Jane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu yokuthuthukisa leGrain SA

Photos: 

Photo 1: Izimbewu zommbila ezazinkulu kakhulu ukungena ezimbotshweni zepuleti lepulantela – azizange zatshalwa. 

Photo 2: Izulu elina kakhulu lingacinisa umhlabathi ongaphezulu bese uvimba izitshalo ukuvela phezulu.

Photo 3: Isitshalo sommbila esitshalwe ngokujula kakhulu sasishikashikeka ukumila kahle.

Photo 4: Inxenye yezinto evama ukudala ingozi emva kokuhluma yizilokazane.



Umsebenzi omningi ofanele wenziwe njalo ehlobo ngesikhathi sokutshala uvama ukuncipha ngalesi sikhathi – manje umlimi unaso isikhathi sokubheka izitshalao zakhe ezimila emasimini akhe. Sikholwa ukuthi konke kubhekeka kahle: inani lezitshalo lilingene nokuthanda kwakhe, umbala wezitshalo unguluhlaza onzimana omuhle, ukhula futhi alukho oluzokulwa nezitshalo ukuthola ukudla namanzi – kafushane, konke kukhomba ukuthi kuzobakhona umvuno omuhle. 



Kodwa, kaningi zonke izinto azihambanga kahle ngendlela esasicabanga ukuthi zizohamba ngayo, futhi umvuno awulingani nokuthemba kwethu. Ngalesi sikhathi kufanele sihlale phansi sibheke sihlole ukuthi kungani izinto azihambanga ngendlela efaneleyo nangokuthanda kwethu. 



Inani lezitshalo – kuyinto ebalulekile noma cha? 

Lapho etshala okuzovunwa, kufanele umlimi elinganise ukuthi uqonde ukuthola inani lezitshalo elingakanani eliqondene nomlayezo wabalungisi. Isitshalo esisodwa sinekhono lokhukhiqiza ukudla okuthile – izinto ezenza ukuthi singakwazi ukumila kahle zifana nalezi: inani lamanzi emhlabathini, ukudla okukhona emhlabathini, ukukhanya (ilanga) nokushisa. Kakhulukazi inani lezitshalo ensimini ethile lihambelana nobumanzi obukhona emhlabathini. Inani lezitshalo endaweni ethile libaluleke ukudlula ububanzi kwemisele lapho zitshalwe khona. Ububanzi bemisele ezindaweni ezibheka imvula kuphela, ziyahluka, zisuka ku-0,9 m, ziye ku-2,1 m noma ku-2,3 m. Lokhu kuhambelana futhi nemishini esetshentziswayo noma indlela yokulima kuleyo ndawo. Imisele ebanzi ivama ukutshalwa lapho inani lemvuno liphansi, lapho kukhona ukuhebhuka komhlabathi ngenxa umoya, lapho inani lezitshalo endaweni ethile lifanele libe ngaphansi kwezinye izndawo nalapho kusasetshenziswa imishini ukuhlakula ngaphakathi kwemusele.



Imisele esondelene ivama ukutholakala lapho kukhona imvula engconywana futhi konomwehlela emasimini ukuhambisa amanzi nalapho ukhula lubulawa ngamakhemikali (akulula ukuhlakula ngemishini ngobo imisele isondelene kakhulu bese ugandaganda akakwazi ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwemisele). 



Inani lemvuno oqonde ukulithola lihambelana nenani lezitshalo ozitshalile. Uma utshale inani lezitshalo elingaphansi, awungeke uthole umvuno oqonde ukuwuthola, futhi uma utshale inani elingaphezulu izitshalo izitshalo ziyacintisana ukumila bese umvuno uyehla. Izitshalo ezisondelene kakhulu zivama ukuthola izifo (njengokubola kwezinhlanga) futhi zivama ukuwa. 



Izindawo ezithile nohlobo lwesitshalo esithile sinenani elifanelekile. Lapho ungatholi inani elimilayo elifanelekile, nenani lemvuno alingeke lifike lapho uqonde ukulithola (kafushane, akungeke kubekhona izitshalo ezanele ukukhiqiza umvuno oqonde ukuwuthola). 



Kunganu kubekhona inani lezitshalo elinganeli? 

Kukhona izinto eziningana ezingenza ukuthi inani libe ngaphansi, futhi lokhu kuhambelana nesikhathi sokumila nokukhula kwezitshalo. 



Ukufeca kwezinhlamvu okubi

Lokhu kuyinto enkulu edala inani elingaphansi ekugcineni. Izizathu zalokhu zilandela ngaphansi:

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukulinganisa kwepulantela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela bekungalungi kahle kwase kwahlanyelwa inani lezinhlamvu elingaphansi. 

Kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlamvu bezinkulu bezingalingani nezimbobo zepuleti lepulantela (bheka Isithombe 1).

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izinhlamvu (izimbewu) bezincane kakhulu bese zimbili zizama ukungena embotshweni bese zivala imbobo kungaphumi lutho. 

Kungenzeka ukuthi umshinwana wepulantela obizwa i‘ticker’ ingaba nenkinga bese ucofoza izimbewu. 

Emapulanteleni asebenza ngomoya, kungenzeka ukuthi umoya odonsayo awunamandla okwanele ukubamba imbewu endaweni efanelekile kuze ihlanyelwe.

Ngokwejwayelekile amapulantela angalondolozwanga kahle avama ukudala izinkinga ngoba ahlwanyela izimbewu esincane noma ayazifocoza. 

Ubunjani (ikhwalithi) bezimbewu bungaba phansi – izmbewu ezimbi, ezinezifo ezingafeci kahle. 

Kungenzeka ukuthi izulu line kakhulu bese izimbewu zimanzi kakhulu, azitholi umoya (i-oksijeni) emhlabathini ukuze zihlume.

Kanjalo-ke ukoma kungenza ukuthi izimbewu zingatholi umswakamo okwanele ukuqala ukuhluma. 

Lapho izulu lina kakhulu emva kokuhlwanyela izimbewu umhlabathi uvama ukucina bese isitshalo asikwazi ukuvela emhlabathini (bheka isikhombiso esithombeni 2) 

Kungenzeka ukuthi bekusekhona amakhemikhali asale emhlabathini ngonyaka odlule abulala izitshalo. 

Kungenzeka ukuthi  kutshalwe masinya onyakeni ngesikhathi umhlabathi ubebanda kakhulu ukusiza izimbewu ukufeca. 

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izimbewu zihlwanyelwe ngokujula okukhulu zasezahluleka ukumila zivele ngaphezulu (isithombe 3). 

Izilokazane, izinyoni noma ezinye izilwanyane ezincane zingadla izimbewu ngaphambi kokufeca (kokuhluma).



Ukufa kwezitshalo ezisencane (izithonjana) 

Inkinga evama ukwenzeka njalo yizilokazane ezilimaza izithombo – kakhulukazi umswenya odla isitshalo lapho sivela emhlabathini (isitombe 4). 

Izinyoni zingadla izithonjana (kodwa lokhu akusiyo inkinga enkulu).

Esihlabathini esomile, umoya (ukukhukhuleka) ungembesa izithombo ngesihlabathi lapho zizama ukumila.

Ingozi yesichotho. 

Ukushisa kakhulu kungenza ukuthi izithombo zome zife. 

Isithwathwa masinya onyakeni singabulala izithombo. 

Kungenzeka futhi ensimini lapho kwatshalwa khona ubhekilanga kwase kwafika imvula eqinise umhlabathi. Uma uzama ukufocoza umhlabathi oqinile ngehhala ungalimaza izithombo. 



Ukufa kwezitshalo lapho zisakhula.

Izimpahla ezidla utshani zingaba inkinga ezindaweni eziningi. 

Ukuhlakula ngemishini kungalimaza izishalo – lapho izikali zingalinganiswa kahle, noma umshayeli engaqondisi kahle (lapho imisele yezitshalo ingalingani kahle futhi ingaqondi kungalimaza izitshalo).

Izifo zingadala ingozi. 

Lapho ukhula lukhona kakhulu lungabulala izitshalo zakho. 



Singaphumelela kanjani kule nkinga yenani yezitshalo elingaphansi? 

Uma sekukhona isikhathi, ungaphinda utshale (kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzobakhona eziningi ezinsha). 

Uma kubonakala ukuthi kukhona umsele owodwa ozange uhlanyelwe (ngoba ipulantela belingasebenzi kahle), lowo msele ungaphinda uhlwanyelwe.



Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi izinkinga ezivelile ngenxa yenani yezitshalo eliphansi zihlolwe zilungiswe ukuze lawo maphutha angaphindi enzeke ngonyaka ozayo. 

