Lokhu kuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika (NEPAD) kuyisithembiso esenziwa ngabaholi baseAfrika, esisuselwa embonweni wabo bonke nenkolelo egxilile yabo bonke yokuthi banomsebenzi wokuqeda ubumpofu nokubeka amazwe abo ngalinye noma wonke ngokuhlanganyela endleleni yokukhula nentuthuko nokubamba iqhaza kwezomnotho emhlabeni nasebandleni lezombuswazwe. Loluhlelo lususelwa ekuzinikeleni kwabantu baseAfrika ekuzikhipheni bona kanye nezwekazi labo enkingeni yokungathuthuki nokushiywa ngaphandle kulokhu kubumbana komhlaba wonke.
Ubumpofu nokusala ngemuva kweAfrika kuyaphikisana nempumelelo yamazwe asethuthukile. Ukuqhubeka kokushiywa ngaphandle kweAfrika kulenqubo yobumbano lomhlaba nokushiywa ngaphandle kwenhlalo nobudlelwane koquqaba lwabantu bayo kuletha ukwesaba nokungazinzi komhlaba.
Umlando wokwanda wezikhungo zemiphakathi yomhlaba, ukubolekwa izimali nosizo phakathi kwamazwe amabili (olumbaxambili) yikhona okube yisisekelo somcabango wokuthuthukisa I-Afrika. Ukubolekwa izimali sekuholele ekumeni ngqi kwezikweletu, okusaqhubeka nokukhokhwa ngamacozucozu noma kuhlehliselwe esinye isikhathi kusekhona namanje futhi yikhona qinamba evimbela ukukhula kwamazwe aseAfrika. Sekufinyelelwe ekugcineni kokuzikhethela. Mayelana nezinye izigxenye zosizo olumbaxambili - sibona kunokuncipha kosizo lwangasese nokuncishiswa kakhulu kosizo luka wonke wonke, olungaphansi kwezinga elalimiswe ngeminyaka yawo 1970.
EAfrika abantu abalinganiselwa ezingidini ezingama-340 noma ingxenye yabantu abakhona emhlabeni iphila ngemali engaphansi kwe US $1 ngosuku. Ukufa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 kungalinganiselwa ezinganeni eziyi-140 esibalweni sezingane eziyi-1000, kanti ukuphila kwabantu kusukela ekuzalweni kuyiminyaka engama-54 kuphela. Ingxenye yabantu elinganisela ema-58 kuphela ekwazi ukuthola amanzi aphephile. Abantu abangafundile abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwe-15 bangalinganisela emaphesentin-41 . Kunezicingo zikathelefonu eziyi-18 kuphela ezisetshenziswa ngabantu abayi-1000 eAfrika, uma kuqathaniswa neziyi-146 emhlabeni wonke jikelele nezingama- 567 emazweni anemali eningi engenayo.
Ukuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika (NEPAD) kunxusa umhlaba ukuba uphendule lesi simo esethusayo, ngokushintsha ubudlelwano okuyibona buyisisekelo salokhu. Abantu baseAfrika abanxusi ukuba kuqhutshekwe nokuba bakhangezwe usizo noma ukwehliswela imali.
Sanelisekile ukuthi ithuba eliyinqophamlando lizilethe lona lizoqeda lenhlupheko yokungathuthuki ekhungethe iAfrika. Umcebo, okubalwa kuwo imali, ubuchwepheshe, amakhono abantu, odingekayo ukuze kuphakwe impi ezolwa nobumpofu nokungathuthuki, zikhona manje ngobuningi futhi zitholakala kalula. Okudingekayo manje ukuze kuhlanganiswe lemicebo bese zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ngabaholi abanesibindi nokuzinikela okusuka ezinhliziyweni emizanweni yokuthuthuka kwabantu nokuqeda ubumpofu, nokuhlanganyela nomhlaba okusha okusekelwe ekuzibopheleni kuka wonke wonke nokuzozuzisa bonke.
Kulo lonke lelizwekazi abantu baseAfrika bayafunga ukuthi ngeke besaphinda bavumele ukuba yizigqila ngenxa yesimo. Sizozibumbela ikusasa lethu futhi sicela umhlaba wonke ukuba uselekelele emizamweni yethu. Sezikhona vele izimpawu zempumelelo nethemba. Iyanda imibuso yentandoyeningi ezinikele ekuvikeleni amalungelo esintu, intuthuko egxile kubantu neminotho eveza amathuba okuthengisa. Abantu baseAfrika sebeqalile ukukhombisa ukuthi ngeke bavumele abaholi bezomnotho nezombusaze obuyize.
Ukuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika (NEPAD) kumayelana nokuqinisa nokuphuthumisa lezi nzuzo. Kuwubizo lobudlelwane obusha bokuhlanganyela phakathi kweAfrika namazwe omhlaba, ikakhulukazi lawo mazwe anezimboni, ukuze kunqotshwe lenhlewuka yentuthuko esiqhubeke iminyakakhulu eminingi yobudlelwane obungalingani noma obubandlululayo.
Indawo yeAfrika emphakathini yomhlaba wonkana ichazwa ukuthi umhlaba wonke unengcebo edingekayo impela esisize wonke umuntu iminyaka eminingi.
Izindawo zezilwane nezithombo zasendulo eziwubufakazi beguquko yasemhlabeni, impilo nomndeni wesintu.
Ingxenye yoku-I yiyona umhlaba oyijwale kakhulu. Ingxenye ye-II yona isanda kuvela nje, njengoba abantu beqala ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwezindaba zezemvelo, Ingxenye yesi-III nayo ivela ngokwayo, ivela njengefanele ukunakwa hayi emkhakheni wezesayensi noma yilabo abathanda izindawo zokugcinwa kwamagugu (museums) nababheki bayo. Lena ye-4, Ingxenye 4, imele ikhono labantu baseAfrika, elingasentshenziswa noma elingathuthukiswa ngokupheleleyo ngezindlela eziningi.
Kusobala ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuthi imiphakathi eyakhelene namahlathi anokushisa okukhulu ingacetshiswa ezinye izindlela zokuphila iyobamba iqhaza ekucekelweni phansi kwamahlathi. Njengoba ukugcinwa kwalemvelo kuyozuzisa isintu sonke, kubalulekile ukuthi I-Afrika libekwe endleleni yentuthuko nokuthi lingabeki lengcebo engozini.
Isayensi yamanje iyakwamukela ukuthi I-Afrika iyinzalo yoluntu. Njengengxenye yokwakha nokubuyisela ububona nokuzethemba kwabantu baseAfrika, kubalulekile ukuthi lomnikelo wobukhona boluntu uqondwe noma waziwe futhi uthathwe njengegugu ngabantu baseAfrika bonke. Isikhundla seAfrika sokuba inzalabantu kufanele sithokozelwe umhlaba wonke njengendabuko yabo bonke abantu bawo. Ngakho-ke uKuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kufanele kulondoloze lelifa futhi kusebenzise lona ukwakha ukwaziwa kwalenqophamlandu yesidingo sokuqeda ukungathuthukiswa ngokuphelele nokushiywa ngaphandle kwaleli zwekazi.
IAfrika inendima ebalulekile engayidlala ekuqiniseni ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu nendalo emhlabeni. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwephehe kuyaligcizelela iqhaza elibanjwa abantu emkhiqizweni, belwela indawo yabo kwinqubo yomkhiqizo besebenzisa amathuluzi abo angaleso sikhathi noma enkathi ezayo. Izindawo ezingamahlane, izihlahla nezilwanyana, izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezitholakala eAfrika kuphela kunikeza abantu ithuba lokugcina ukuxhumana kwabo nendalo.
IAfrika vele seyidlale indima ebonakalayo ngamasiko emhlabeni izincwadi zesizwe, umculo, imidwebo nezinye izinhlobo zamasiko, kodwa ikhono lakho alikathintwa namanje ngenxa yokungambandakanywa ngokuphelele emnothweni womhlaba. Ukuhlanganyelwa okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kuyokwenza iAfrika ikwazi ukwandisa iqhaza layo kwezesayensi, amasiko nobuchwepheshe.
Kulenyakankulungwane entsha, uma abantu befuna indlela enstha yokwakha umhlaba ongcono, kubalulekile ukuthi silethe inhlanganisela yokwehlukana nentando yabantu ukuze kubekwe lelizwekazi ezingeni elilinganayo lokuhlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni impucuko yabantu.
Ukwenziwa mpofu kwaleli zwekazi laseAfrika kwagcizelelwa ukubuswa kwalelizwekazi ngamanye amazwe, Impi engenazikhali, ukusentshenzisa kwendlela yezomnotho yomhlaba nokungapheleli noma ukungaphumeleli kwemigomo eyalandelwa ngamanye amazwe emuva kokuthola inkululeko.
Eminyakeni eminingi iAfrika ibihlanganyela kwezomnotho zomhlaba njengesizinda sokukhiqiza abasebenzi abakhokhelwa kancane nezinto zokwakha. Lokhu kuholele ekumuncekeni kwengcebo yaseAfrika esikhundleni sokuba ngabe ibisentshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa leli zwekazi. Umfutho wangaleso sikhathi wokusebenzisa amatshe ambiwayo , nezinto zokwakha ukuze kuthuthukise izimboni zemikhiqizo kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu ukuze kuzuziswe umnotho nentuthuko kwaba ukulahlekelwa. Ngakho-ke I-Afrika iseyizwekazi elimpofu ngale kokuthi belingelinye lezifundazwe ezinengcebo emhlabeni.
Kwamanye amazwe nakwamanye amazwekazi kwenzeka okwehlukile kulokhu. Kwaba nokuhlanganiswa kwemicebo ngendlela yokuyilondoloza, okwadala izindimbane zomcebo ngokuthekelanisa kwemikhiqizo. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuhlanganisa wonke umngcebo waseAfrika ukuze kwakhiwe incebo ukuze kusizakale bonke abantu balo.
Ukubuswa ngamanye amazwe kwaphendukezela isimo zendabuko, izikhungo namamagugu ethu noma baweza athobela noma akhonza phansi kwezidingo zomnotho nezombusazwe zalabo ababenamandla obukhosi basemazwe amaningi. Lokhu kwakhubaza nentuthuko yabahwebi kanye namakhono okuphatha.
Ngesikhathi senkululeko, cishe yonke imibuso yayibhekene nenkinga yokungabi nabantu abanamakhono nalabo ababenomcebo wawutengatenga okwaholela enqubeni yokwakha umnotho entengayo. Emva kokubuswa ngamanye amazwe iAfrika yathatha umbuso otengayo nezinqubo zomnotho ezingasebenzi ezabuye zaqedelwa ngabuholi obungebuhle, inkohlakalo, nokubusa ngokungeyikho emazweni amaningi. Lezinto zombili kanye nokwehlukahlukana okwandala yimpi engenazikhali yikhona okwakhinyabeza intuthuko kulo lonke lelozwekazi.
Ohulumeni abaningi baseAfrika abazange babafundise noma bakhuthaze abantu babo ukuba baziqalisele bona imisebenzi yentuthuko ezazizofezekisa amakhono abo. Namhlanje, lemibuso entengayo yiyona ngqinamba enkulu evimbela intuthuko ezinzile emazweni amaningi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ebhekene nazo iAfrika ngukuqinisa amakhono okubusa nothuthukisa izinqubomgomo zesikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokudala inguquko futhi kumiswe indlela okuzonqutshwa ngayo emazweni amaningi aseAfrika.
Ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo okwenziwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kwaba nemiphumela engaphelele. Kwakhuthazwa izinguquko ezasusa amanani ezimphahla ayehlanekezelwe/ephendukezelwe, kodwa azinakekelanga ngokwanele usizo ngezenhlalo nobudlelwane babantu. Ngenxa yalokhu, mancane amazwe aphumelela ukhulisa iminotho yawo ngaphansi kwalezinhelo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi, okufundwe iAfrika kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokwakha umnotho emuva kokubuswa ngamazwe bekunganele ukuphinda kwakhe imiphakathi ngenxa yokungathuthuki komnotho ngesikhathi sokubuswa ngamanye amazwe, noma ukuthuthukisa amazinga empilo. Lokhu kube nemiphumela elimazayo kwezombusazwe futhi kuholele enkohlakalweni.
Umphumela ophelele walezinqubo kube ngukuqiniswa nokusekelana kokuhamba ndlelanye kungaqhutshekelwa phambili, ukwehla komnotho, ukuncipha kwamakhono, nokubusa ngendlela okungeyiyo, lokhu kuqinisekise iAfrika njengezwekazi elisemnceleni futhi kwakhinyabeza iqhaza layo emnothweni womhlaba, ngakho-ke iAfrika ibe yizwekazi elishiywe ngaphandle , iminyaka eminingi.
Ukuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika yimizamo yokukwakha nokunjabulela impumelelo yesikhathi esedlule nokuthola isifundo esifundwe kubuhlungu elidlule kubona ukuze kusungulwe ukuhlanganyela okwethembekile nokuzosebenza. Ngokwenza njalo, inselelo ezobhekana nabantu noHulumeni baseAfrika ukuqonda ukuthi intuthuko iyinqubo yokufundisa ukuzenzela nokuzethemba. Ngakho-ke, Abantu baseAfrika akufanele babe izingane ezibheke umngadi:kodwa bona kumele bazakhele iqhubekelaphambili yabo.
Umhlaba ungene onyakeninkulungwane omusha usembidlangweni weguquko kwezomnotho. Lenguquko inganikeza kokubili ingqikithi kanye nesu lokuvuselela iAfrika. Nakuba ukubumbana nomhlaba sekwandise izindleko zokuba iAfrika engenele, sithemba ukuthi izunzo yokuhlanganyela ngokuyikho inganika ithuba elihle lokuchuma komnotho wekusasa nokunciphisa ubumba.
Izinguquko kwezomnotho ezikhona njengamanje zibe khona ngenxa yokwanda kobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana (ICT) okunciphise izindleko kwangezelela ijubane lokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke, zaqeda izingqinamba ebezikhona zesikhathi nendawo, futhi buthinte zonke izindawo zempilo ezobudlelwane nokuhlalisana nezomnotho. Sebenze kwahlanganiswa izindlela zamazwe zokukhiqiza nezezimali, futhi bubonakala ekukhuleni kwezinga lokushintshiselana ngempahla eminceleni , usizo nemali eqongelelweyo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zamazwe zomkhiqizo kwenze kwaphumelela ukusikelana ucezwana emkhiqizweni yokwakha izinto nasemkhakheni onikeza usizo. Nesikhathi esifanayo ukuhamba kalula kwemali kanye namacebo ababoleki bezimali, okunguhulmini noma imikhakha engekho phansi kukahulumeni kufanele baqudelane ngemali nabanye emhlabeni wonke hayi ezweni labo. Zombili lezi zinqubo zizandisile izindleko emazweni angakwazi ukuqhudelana nokuphelele. Lezi zindleko zithwale yiAfrika ikakhulukazi.
Nakuba kungekho ngxenye yomhlaba engathintekanga ngenxa yobumbano lomhlaba, iqhaza lezinye izifunda namanye amazwe lehluke kakhulu. Umfutho wokuya phambili bekungamazwe anezimboni eziningi. Ngaphandle kwalamazwe mancane amanye amazwe asathuthukayo akwazi ukubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo emnothweni womhlaba wonkana. Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka ikakhulukazi eAfrika abamba iqhaza ngokuthulileyo, futhi ikakhulukazi ngeziphiwo zabo zemvelo namacebo.
Kusekwabiweni kwezunzo lapho ukungalingani emhlabeni wokana kubonakala khona kahle hle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayanda amathuba okwakha nokwandisa umcebo, ukuthola ulwazi namakhono, nokwenza ngcono ukutholakala kwezimphahla nosizo - kafushane nje ukwenza ngcono izinga lempilo. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ukuqhubeka kokuvuleleka komnotho womhlaba wonkana kwakhe amathuba okutakula izinkulungwane zabantu ebumbeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi , ukuhlanganyela kuholele ekusaleni ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe angakazi ukuqophisana ngokuyikho. Ukungabi bikho kwemiyalo elungileyo kwenze ukuba ingqoqamhlaba yandise amakhono alabo abaneminotho eqinileyo ukuba baqhube izizunzo zabo kube kulimala labo abaneminotho entengayo ikakhulukazi emkhakheni, wezokuhwebelana, ezezimali nezobuchwepheshe. Kunciphisa amathuba amazwe asathuthukayo ukuba azilawulele wona intuthuko yawo, ngoba lenqubo ayinakho ukunxeshezelwa kwalabo abatengatengayo. Isimo salabo abasale ngaphandle siye saqhubeka nokuba sibi kakhulu. Isikhala phakathi kokumbandakanywa ngokushiywa ngaphandle sivelile emazweni amaningi.
Ingxenye yokwahluleka kweAfrika ukuhambisana nenqubo yeqoqamhlaba kube wumphumela wezingqinamba ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni ngenxa yokuphuma komcebo nemibandela yohwebo ebingemihle. Ngokufanayo, siyavuma ukuthi ukwehluleka kobuholi kwezombusazwe nezomnotho emazweni amaningi aseAfrika yikhona okuvimbele ukusetshenziswa ngokuyikho kwaleyo ngcebo encane yomkhiqizo ukuze kuhehwe ukutshalwa kwezimali phakathi kwamazwe aseAfrika ewodwa namazwe omhlaba.
Izinga eliphansi lezomnotho lisho ukuthi izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuliseni izimali zabantu azikho, kanti umphumela walokhu ukuqhubeka nokuwa komnotho. Ekuqhubekeni kwalesiyingi ikhono leAfrika lokubamba iqhaza enqubeni yeqoqamhlaba liya ngokuya liba libi kakhulu , okuholelwa ekuqhubekeni kokushiywa ngaphandle. Ukwanda kwengeba phakathi kwengcebo nobumba ngenye yezinqubo ebezihambisana neqoqamhlaba, okuyikhona okudala ukuthi kungabi nonzuzo.
Eminyakeni yokugcina yonyakakhulu odlule kubonakale kunokwehla okukhulu kwezimali emazweni asathuthuka, lokhu akulethi ukwesaba nokungazinzi kwenqubo yezezimali yomhlaba wonkana kodwa futhi kuletha ukwesaba ngezomotho zomhlaba wonkana. Eminye imiphumela yokwentuleka kwezimali kube ngukubhebhetheka kobumba lapho ingxenye yabantu abasemhlabeni bephila ngemali engaphansi kwa-US $2 ngosuku, kanti ingxenye yokuhlanu iphila ngemali engaphansi kwe- US $1 ngosuku.
Kunamanye futhi amaphuzu aletha ukwesaba okukhulu. Lokhu kumbandakanya isibalo sabantu abasele ngaphandle kwezobudlelwane nenhlalo yabantu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, lokhu kunomthelela ekungazinzini kwezombusazwe, izimpi zobukhaya, nezinye nje izingxabano kanye nokwanda kokufuduka koquqaba luya kwamanye amazwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ukwanda kwemikhiqizo ezimbonini kanye nokwanda kobumba kunomthelela ekonakaleni kwemvelo ezilwandle zethu, emoyeni nezimilo zemvelo. Uma lokhu kungalungiswa manje kuyoqanda ukwanda komonakalo uhulumeni ayohluleka ukuwulungisa, kuwo wonke amazwe asethuthukile nalawo asathuthuka.
Amasu okuphendula lesi simo awakabi kude nathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga empilo kwalabo abashiywe ngaphandle kungaveza amathuba amningi okukhula komnotho emhlabeni wonke, ngokwakha amathuba masha okuthengisa, nokwandisa amakhono kwezomnotho. Lokhu kungaletha izunzo emhlabeni wonke, kuhambisana nokunakekelwa kwezomnotho nobudlelwane nenhlalo yabantu.
Ukubaluleka kwentuthuko, akusiyona nje inselelo kunembeza ; eqinisweni kubalulekile ukuze kuzinziswe inqubo yokuqoqwa komhlaba. Sivuma kalula ukuthi ingqoqamhlaba ingumphumela wokuthuthuka kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, okuningi kwalokhu bekuhambisana nezimakethe. Kodwa oHulumeni - ikakhulukazi labo basemazweni asethuthukile , ngokuhlanganyela nomkhakha ongekho phansi kuka hulumeni badlale indima ebonakalayo ekwakheni isimo, ingqikithi nendlela.
Iqhaza leziphathimandla kuzwelonke nezikhungo ezizimele lokuhola uhlelo lweqoqamhlaba endleleni ezinzile, nenezunzo ezokwabiwa ngokulinganayo, selilokhu libalulekile. Ulwazi lukhombisa ukuthi nakuba leqoqamahlaba inikeza amathuba angahambisani okulawo mazwe abekhungethwe ubumba ngaphambilini, akukho lutho olukhona kulenqubo olunganciphisa ubumba nokungalingani.
Okudingekayo nje ukuzinikela kukahulumeni, umkhakha ozimele nezinye izizinda zomphakathi ekuhlanganyeleni kwezizwe zonke kulomnotho womhlaba wonkana nomgwamanda. Lokhu kudinga kwamukelwe ukucikana komhlaza wonkana kwezomkhiqizo, imvelo okuyiyona yondla umhlaba, ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe, nesakhiwo sezimali zomhlaba wonkana esizoba nezithelo ezinhle kwezokuphatha ubudlelwano nokuhlalisana kwabantu nezomnotho, kanye nokubusa umhlaba okwamukela ukuhlanganyela kwabantu bonke. Sithi kusemandleni emiphakathi yomhlaba ukumisa imibandela efanele lapho iAfrika ingabamba iqhaza ngokuyikho emnothweni womhlaba nomgwamanda.
Ukuhlanganyela Okusha KweNtuthuko yeAfrika kuyakwamukela ukuthi sekuke kwaba nezinhlelo ngaphambili obekuzanywa ngazo ukuthuthukisa lelizwekazi lonkana. Nezizathu ezithile zangaphakathi nezangaphandle okubalwa kuzo, ubuholi obushiya imibuzo, nothathwa kwalezinhlelo ngabantu baseAfrika bazenze ezabo, lezinhlelo azingabanga nempumelelo. Kodwa-ke sisesimweni esisha manje abazinikele kuso ukuhlanganyela ekusebenzisaneni.
Loluhlobo olusha lwengqoqamhlaba luqondene luhambisana nokwakha kabusha ubudlelwane emhlabeni wonke emuva kwempi engasebenzisi zikhali. Lokhu kuhambisana nokuvela kohlobo olusha lokuphepha nobugovu, okumbandakanya ilungelo lentuthuko nokuqedwa kobumba. Intandoyeningi nokuvunywa kombuso sekuchazwe kabusha, manje kumbandakanya uhulumeni onesibopho sokuphendula, isiko lamalungelo esintu nokubamba iqhaza njengazona zimpawu ezingumongo.
Okuqhamileyo, ukuthi isibalo sabaholi abakhethwe ngokwentandoyeningi siyanda. Ngezenzo zabo bayafunga ukuthi amathemba abantu baseAfrika empilo engcono ngeke esaba semuseni wabanye abantu.
Imibuso yentandoyeningi iyanda kulo lonke izwekazi leli, isekelwa iNyunyana yeAfrika, esikhombise isinyathelo esisha sokubhekana nezixhushuxhushu nokungangudluki enkambisweni. Lemizamo igcizelela amazwi emiphakathi, okubalwa kuyo ososiyeshini bomame, intsha nokuzimela kwabezindaba. Ngaphezu kalokhu, oHulumeni baseAfrika sebenesibindi ngezinhloso zezifundazwe nezezwekazi zokubumbana nokuhlanganyela kwezomnotho. Lokhu kuyasiza ekuqokothiseni imbuyiselo kwezomnotho nokugxilisa izunzo yokuncikisana.
Ushintsho lwesimo eAfrika selwamukelwe ngohulumeni emhlabeni wonke. Isimemezelo soNyakankulungane seNhlangano yoBumbano lweZizwe esenziwa ngo Sephthemba onyakeni ka 2000, siyakuqinisa ukuzimisela kwemiphakathi yomhlaba wonkana ukusiza iAfrika emizamweni yayo yokubhekana nokungathuthuki nokushiywa ngaphandle kwalelizwekazi. Lesi Simemezelo sigcizelela usizo ekugwemeni izingxabano nokusungulwa kwemibandela yokuzinza nentandoyeningi kuleli zwekazi, kanye nokubhekana nenselelo yokuqedwa kobumba nezifo. Isimemezelo sibuye sikhombise ukuzinikela kwemiphakathi yomhlaba wonkana ekwandiseni ukungena komcebo eAfrika nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba nokwandisa ukuza kwezimali zangasese kulezizwekazi. Kubalulekile- ke manje ukuthi baphendule lokhu kuzinikela kwabo kube izenzo noma kwenzakale.
Ukuhlanganyela Okusha KweNtuthuko YeAfrika kuzinze ekuphathweni nasekwenganyelweni ngabantu baseAfrika ngokwabo. Ngaloluhlelo, abaholi baseAfrika bamisa uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kabusha kwalelizwekazi. Uhlelo luthathelwa kulokho okufunwa kuqala amazwe nezifundazwe namasu entuthuko okufanele alungiswe ngokumbakanya abantu. Sikholelwa ekutheni nakuba abaholi baseAfrika bethunywe ngabantu babo, kuyindima yabo ukwakha lamasu kanye nezinqubo ezizolandelwa bekwenzela abantu babo.
Loluhlelo lungumhlahlandlela omusha wokuhlanganyela namanye amazwe omhlaba, kumbandakanywa lawo mazwe anezimboni nezinhlangano ezinezinhloso eziningi. Loluhlelo lususelwa kulolo olwenziwe ngabantu baseAfrika ngokuzenzela bona nokuzikhethela kwabo ekuzakheleni ikusasa labo.
Ukwakha amakhono emibuso yaseAfrika ukuze bamise futhi bagcizelele ukulalelwa komthetho nokugcina ukuhlonishwa komthetho nokuthula.
Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezingqalasizinda, ezolimo nokushintshwa kwazo kube ngezolimo-zimboni nomkhiqizo ukuze kudayiswe ezimakhethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle.
Icebo lokuVuselela iAfrika okufanele livumele lelizwekazi eseligcwelezwe iminyaka eminingi ukuba likwazi ukuthatha indawo yalo emhlabeni lincike ekwakheni umnotho oqinile nokwazi ukuqophisana neminye njengoba umhlaba usondela ekuvumeleni amalungelo kubantu bonke nokuqophisana.
iAfrika eyabangelwa ubumba ukwenziwa izigqila, inkohliso, ukungaphathwa kahle komnotho iqalisa esimweni esinzima. Kodwa-ke uma ngabe imvelo yayo namandla abantu kusentshenziswa ngokuyikho, kungaholela ekukhuleni nokuzinza komnotho walelizwekazi futhi kungakhuthaza nokuhlanganiswa kwalo emnothweni womhlaba.
Yingalesi sizathu kufanele abantu babuyise ukuzethemba enhlakaniphweni yabo namakhono okumelana nezinkinga ukuze bakwazi ukwakha kabusha iAfrika entsha nakuba kunezinqginamba ezikhona njengamanje. Lokhu osekuqaliwe njengamanje kuyinkomba yokuzinikela kwabaholi baseAfrika ekwenzeni izifiso zibe izenzo.
Kodwa umzabalazo ababhekene nawo bayophumelela kuphela uma abantu babo bezakhela ikusasa labo.
Yongakho abaholi baseAfrika benxusa bonke abantu baseAfrika , ngokwehlukana kwabo, ukuba bazi ngobunzima besimo kanye nesidingo sokuba bavive ukuze baqede ukushiywa ngaphandle kwalelizwekazi nokuqiniseka ukuthi kunentuthuko ngokuvala igeba eliphakathi kwalelizwekazi namazwe asethuthukile.
Ngakho-ke sinxusa abantu baseAfrika ukuba bayamukele inselelo yokuviva ukuze balekelele ekusebenzeni kwalokhu osekuqalisiwe ngokwakha kuwo wonke amazinga izikhungo izinhlangano, ukhukhulelangoqo nokuthatha izinyathelo.
Abaholi balelizwekazi bayazi ukuthi inhlakanipho yabantu inkalwa ngamakhono abo emicabango ekhaliphile neyakhayo nokuzinikela kwabo ekusekeleni intuthuko yabo.
Ukuhlanganyela okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kwehlukile kwezinye izinhlelo ezake zenziwa ngaphambilini kusekela intuthuko yaseAfrika, nakuba izinkinga okufanele zigxazululwe zisafana.
Uhlelo lokuzokwenziwa lumbandakanya okuzoqalwa ngakho okwakhiwe ngendlela nomgomo omisiwe futhi lokhu okuzoqalwa ngakho kungabukezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kubukezwe yikomidi leziNhloko zeMibuso lokusentshenziswa. Loluhlelo lumbandakanya lokho okufanele kwenziwe esikhathini esifushane, nakuba kunezinto eziningi okufanele zenziwe.
Nakuba kukhona okunye okuphuthumayo okumele kuqale ngakho lokhu olubalulwe lapha kuyakuba nomthelela wokungenelela kokunye okufanele kwenziwe esikhathini esizayo.
Nakuba amazinga okukhula ebalulekile, awanele wona ewodwa ukwenza amazwe aseAfrika akwazi ukufeza inhloso yawo yokuqeda ubumba. Inselelo ebhekene nayo iAfrika, ngukusungula amakhono azoqinisa ukukhula kuze kufike ezingeni elidingekayo ukuze kufezwe isifiso zokunciphisa ubumpofu nokuzinzisa intuthuko. Lokhu, nakho kuncike kwamanye amaphuzu njengezingqalasizinda, ukuqongelelwa kwezimali, izikhungo, ukwehlukana kwezizinda, ukuqophisana, impilo nokuba izinceku ezinhle zezemvelo.
Okuphokophelwe ngokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika, ngukunika intuthuko yaseAfrika umfutho noma uqhozi lokuqhubekela phambili ngokuvala isikhala esikhona njengamanje ukuze lelizwekazi likwazi ukufica lezo zingxenye zomhlaba esezithuthukile.
Umbono wesikhathi eside udinga ukuqongelela kwezimali okunzima ukuze kuvalwe isikhala. Inselelo ebhekene nayo iAfrika manje ukwazi ukuqongelela izimali ezidingekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke sibiza bonke abalingani bethu kwezentuthuko ukuba basisize kulemizamo yethu.
Ukukhuthaza imizamo yabantu besimame kukho konke okwenziwayo.
Abaholi baseAfrika bafunde elwazini abanalo ukuthi ukuthula, ukuvikeleka, intandoyeningi, ukubusa ngokuyikho, amalungelo abantu nokuphathwa kwezomnotho okuyikho yiyona mibandela yentuthuko ezinzile. Benza isithembiso sokusebenza ngayedwa noma ngokubambisana, ukuze bakhuthaze lemigomo emazweni abo, ezifundazweni nakulo lonke izwekazi.
Ukwenza izinhlangano zizinikele kumongo wamagugu okuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika ngobuholi.
Imibandela yesikhathi eside yokuqinisekisa ukuthula nokuvikeleka eAfrika idinga ukuba kumiswe inqubomgomo okuyiyona ezobhekela ukungalimazeki kwezobudlelwane nokuhlalisana kwabantu nezombusazwe okuyikhona kuqala izingxabano. Lokhu kuzobhekelwa yiNhloko yezoMbusazwe nokuPhathwa koMnotho, ukungena kwezimali, yiNhloko yokuvumeleka ukusebenzisa Imakethe neNhloko yeNtuthuko yaBantu.
Abaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kuyothi zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha isunguliwe bamise izinyathelo ezidingekayo kulowo nalowo msebenzi obalwe ngenhla nokuthi uzodla imali engakanani. Lomsebenzi uyombandakanya nokubheka lokho okufanele kwenziwe abalingani, nemithombo yezimali ezizodingeka ukwenza lemisebenzi.
Inhloko yesigungu seMibuso yiyona eyoba isithangami sabaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika lapho beyozama ukwandisa amandla ezikhungo zaseAfrika okukhuthaza ukuthula nokuvikeleka kulelizwekazi ukwabelana ngolwazi nokuvivisa abantu ukuba benze izinto ngokuhlanganyela. Lesi sithangami siyoqiniseka ngokuthi imigomo nokuzimisela okumisiwe kuyafezeka.
Besazi lesidingo, abantu baseAfrika kufanele bazame konke okusemandleni abo ukuthola isixazululo salezi zingxabano izinkinga ezikhona ezizoqhuba isikhathi eside: baqinise ezokuvikeleka zasekhaya futhi bakhuthaze ukuthula phakathi kwamazwe.
Embuthwanweni owawuseLusaka Inyunyana yaseAfrika yanquma ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqala ukuvusa uphiko olwalubhekene nokuvimba nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano.
Sekuyavunywa manje ukuthi intuthuko ingeze yenzeka ngaphandle kwentandoyeningi yangempela, ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo esintu, uxolo nobusa ngokuyikho. Ngalokhu kuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika, iAfrika yenza isithembiso sokuhlonipha intandoyeningi yomhlaba wonkana, emongo wayo umbandakanya ukwahlukana kwezombusazwe, ukuvumela ukuba khona kwamaqembu ezombusazwe amaningi, nezinyunyana zabasebenzi, ukhetho olukhululekile noluvulelekile olubanjwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze abaholi bakhethwe iningi ngokukhululeka.
Inhloso yenhloko yeNtandoyeningi nokuBusa ngukubamba iqhaza ekuqiniseni imihlahlandlela yezombusazwe nokuphatha emazweni abambe iqhaza, ngokuhambisana nemigomo yentandoyeningi, ukungafihli, ukuba nomthwalo wokubika, isithunzi, ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo esintu nokukhuthaza ukuhlonishwa komthetho. Izoqinisa futhi isekele iNhloko yezokuPhathwa kwezoMnotho okuyiyona yabelana nayo imigomo ebalulekile, futhi uma zithatha zonke ndawonye ziyofaka isandla ekulolongeni amandla ezwekazi abhekiswe eNtuthukweni nokuqedwa kobumba.
Ukumiswa kwezikhungo zokuzinikela kwabaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umongo wamagugu alomsebenzi ayahlonishwa.
Imibuso yokuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika iyokwenza futhi isithembiso sokuzinikela ekuhlangabezeni imibandela yokubusa ngendlela eyiyo nokuziphatha ngentandoyeningi, ngesikhathi esifanayo isekela noma ngokusizana. Imibuso ebambe iqhaza iyokusiza ekwenzeni lezithembiso zeguquko ezidingekayo. Zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha beqalile ukusebenza abaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika bayokwenza izincomo mayelana nezindlela ezizosentshenziswa ekusizeni ukulandelwa kwezinhloso zokuphatha ngendlela eyiyo nokubheka ukuthi yikuphi lapho kuntengantenga khona nokufuna izimfanelo namakhono okubhekana nalokho kuntengantenga.
Ukuze kuqiniswe ukulawulwa kwezombusazwe nokwakhiwa kwamandla okuzinikela, abaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika bayomisa inqubo yokwakha amakhono adingekayo.
Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuguqula ezobulungiswa.
Amazwe abambe iqhaza kulemisebenzi yiwona okufanele ahole ekusizeni nasekwakheni izikhungo ezizivikela lokhu kuzinikela. Bayonikela yonke imizamo yabo ekwakheni nasekuqiniseni ezifundweni zezwekazi izikhungo ezisekela ukubusa ngendlela efanele.
Izinhloko zeMibuso yesithangami sokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika ziyosebenza ngendlela okuyothi ngayo abaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika basingathe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi babheke ukuqhubeka kwamazwe aseAfrika ekuhlangabezaneni nokuzinikela ekufezeni iziguquko zokubusa ngendlela eyiyo nezobudlelwane. Lesi sithangami siyoba futhi yinkundla lapho amazwe eyokwabelana ngolwazi ngenhloso yokuqinisa ukubusa ngendlela eyiyo nenqubo yentandoyeningi.
Ukwakhiwa kwamandla ombuso ingxenye ebalekile yokwakha imibandela yentuthuko. Ubuso uneqhaza elibalulekile okufanele ulibambe ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komnotho nentuthuko, nokuqamba izinhlelo zokuncishiswa kobumba. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni ohulumeni abaningi abanawo amandla okufeza leliqhaza. Ngenxa yalokhu amazwe amaningi awanazo izinqubomgomo ezidingekayo nemihlahlandela yemithethonkambiso yokukhulisa izimboni zangasese. Baswela amandla okulandela izinhlelo nakuba izimali zikhona.
Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukwakhiwa kwamandla okuhlosiwe kufanele kuhambe phambili. Izinhlelo kuzo zonke izindawo kufanele zandulelwe ukuhlola isimo okufanele kulandelwe ngukunikezela ngosizo olufanele.
Ukukhuthaza izinhlelo eziqhunyelwe isikhathi kuwo wonke amazwe abambe iqhaza okuhloswe ngazo ukukhulisa izinga lezomnotho nokuphathwa kwezimali zomphakathi kanye nokuphatha ngokuhlanganyela.
Kuyomiswa ithimba kwabavela emahhovisini oNgqongqoshe bezimali namabhangengodla elizobukeza inqubo yezomnotho nokuphathwa kwezinkampani emazweni ahlukene nezifunda, bese lenza izincomo mayelana nezinga afanele nemiyalo yokuziphatha ukuze kubhekisiswe yikomidi lezinhloko zeMibuso lokusebenza zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ikomidi lokusebenza liyodlulisa lezi zincomo lizidlulisele emibusweni yaseAfrika ukuze zisentshenziswe.
Ikomidi lokusebenzisa kufanele lihambise phambili undaba lokuphatha izimali zikahulumeni. Amazwe ayomisa izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa ukuphathwa kwezimali zikahulumeni nokuthi ahloseni amise nezindlela zokuholo.
Ikomidi leziNhloko zeMibuso lokusebenza liyoqoqa izimali zokwakha amakhono ukuze lisize wonke amazwe ukuba akwazi ukufeza indlela yokuziphatha namazinga okuvunyelwene ngawo.
Amazwe amaningi aseAfrika mancane, ngokwesibalo sabantu nangokwemali engenayo. Ngenxa yokuthi izimakethe aziziningi awahehi abatshali bezimali bakwamanye amazwe , lokhu kukhinyabeza inqubo yokwehlukanisa umkhiqizo nokuthengiswa kwempahla ngaphandle kwezwe. Lokhu kubuye kunciphise ukutshalwa kwezimali ezingqalasizindeni ezibalulekile ezincike emnothweni ukuze kuqhubeke nobukhona.
Lezi zimo zezomnotho zikhombisa amazwe aseAfrika ukuthi kufanele bahlanganise ndawonye lokho abanakho futhi bandise intuthuko yesiFunda nokuhlanganiswa komnotho wezwekazi, ukuze likwazi ukuqophisana nomhlaba . Izifunda ezinhlanu ezingamaqembu ezomnotho kulelizwekazi kufanele ziqiniswe.
Ukuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kugxile ekuletheni izimpahla ezibalulekile ezidingwa ngumphakathi (njengezokuthutha, amandla, amanzi, ubuchwepheshe bezolwazi nokuxhumna, ukuqedwa kwezifo, ukungiwa kwemvelo, amakhono okucwaninga ezifunda), kanye nokukhuthazwa kokuhwebelana nokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphakathi eAfrika. Kuyogxilwa ekuhlanganisweni ndawonye kwezikhungo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ezomnotho, nokubheka imigomo efanayo engahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zentuthuko zamazwe nezifunda, kanye nobudlelwane bezinqubo nezinqubomgomo zezomnotho. Kufanele kube nokuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke kanye nokusingathwa kwezinqumo zezifunda okusebenzayo.
Ukuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kuyoqala ngokwakha amakhono ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kwezikhungo zezifunda ezivele zikhona nokuhlanganisa ndawonye izinhlangano zezifunda ezikhona. Ibhange leNtuthuko leAfrika kufanele kube yilona elihola ukusizwa ngezimali izifundo, izinhlelo nemisebenzi.
v Ukufinyelela ezimakethe zamazwe asethuthukile ukuze kuthengiswe impahla yaseAfrica.
Kulowo nalowo mkhakha, injongo ngukuqeda isikhala esikhona phakathi kweAfrika namazwe asethuthukile ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuqhudelana kwaleli zwekazi namanye amazwe omhlaba nokuthi likwazi ukubamba iqhaza kulenqubo yokuhwebelana komhlaba wonkana. Izimo ezikhethekile zeziqhingi zaseAfrika nemibuso enamazwe angafinyeleleki kuyobhekwana nazo kulengqikithi.
Izingqalasizinda ezizobhekwa zimbakanya imigwaqo, imigwaqo enguthelawayeka, izikhumulo zezindiza, izikhulumo zemikhumbi, uloliwe, imizila yamanzi nezicingo zokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke izingqalasizinda zezifunda nezezwekazi lonke kuzogxilwa kuzo kuloluHlelo.
Izingqalasizinda ngenye yezimpawu zokukhula komnotho, futhi kufanele kutholakale isixazululo esizovumela iAfrika ukuba ikhuphuke libe sezingeni elifanayo namazwe athuthukile ekuqongelelweni kwemphala nemali.
Uma ngabe iAfrika ingaba nezingqalasizinda ezifanayo nezamazwe asethuthukile, ingaba sesimweni esihle sokugxila emkhiqizweni nasekukhuthazeni umkhiqizo nokuqophisana namanye amazwe emhlabeni. Igeba elikhona lezingqalasizinga yilona elikhinyabeza ukukhula komnotho nokuqedwa kobumba. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezingqalasizinda, kumbandakanywa nemali ezobizwa nokuthembeka kosizo olutholakayo, kungazuzisa kokubili iAfrika namazwe omhlaba, ayobe esekwazi ukuthola impahla nosizo olungabizi imali eningi.
Emazweni amaningi aseAfrika izingqalasizinda zakhiwa imibuso yamazwe aphesheya ngenhloso yokuthi kube lula ukuthumela izinto zokwakha kwamanye amazwe nokuthunyelwa kwempahla yakwamanye amazwe eAfrika.
Siyakwamukela ukuthi ukuze sithuthukise izingqalasizinda eAfrika, siyodinga ukuxhaswa ngezimali ngamazwe angaphandle ukuze lezindlela ezimbili zokuthola izimali zilekelelane, okuyimali yokwebolekwa nemali yokusizwa.
Uhlelo lwezingqalasizinda lunezimpawu ezejwayelekile kuyo yonke imikhakha yezingqalasizinda. Inezimpawu ezikhethekile zalowomkhakha.
Ukwakha ulwazi olwanele namakhono kwezobuchwepheshe nobunjiniyela, ngenhloso yokwakha ukusebenzisa nokugcina izingqalasizinda "ezilukhuni" eAfrika.
Ngokusizwa izithunywa ezikhethekile kulomkhakha, kuyomiswa imihlahlandela yenqubomgomo nemithetho ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuqhudelana.
Ukusebenzisana nebhange leNtuthuko leAfrika nezinye izikhungo zezimali ezikhona kulelizwekazi ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuzinza kwezezimali ikakhulukazi ngokulandela izinqubo ezinhlosoningi, izikhungo zezimali zokuphiwa, ngenhloso yokuthola imixhaso nezimali eziyisabelo ukuze banciphise izingozi.
ngaphezu kwalezi zindaba ezijwayelekile, lokhu okulandelayo amasu akhethekile kulomkhakha ezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingqalasizinda.
Ubuchwepheshe boLwazi nezokuXhumana (ICTs), buqhutshwa ukusondelana ngamakhompuyutha, ukuxhumana ngezicingo, inqubo yezindaba yendabuko, kubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wolwazi wakusasa. Ukukhula ngokushesha kwezobuchwepheshe nokwehla kwamanani okuthola amathuluzo alobu buchwepheshe, kuvule amathuba amasha emazweni aseAfrika okuphuthumiswa ukukhula komnotho nentuthuko. Izinhloso zokufinyelela eMakethe kawonke wonke, neNyunyana yeAfrika kungazuza kakhulu enguqukweni yobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Ngaphezu kokuphoqelela ukuhwebelana phakathi kwezifunda, ukusentshenziswa kobuChwepheshe bolwazi nokuXhumana kungaphuthumisa ukuhlanganyela kweAfrika emnothweni womhlaba wonkana.
Ukusentshenziswa okunzulu kobuChwepheshe boLawzi nokuXhumana kungaletha izunzo namathuba amahle angakaze enzeke ngaphambilini kuleli zwekazi.
Ukulawulwa kwezingxabano nokulawula izifo, ama-ICT angasiza ngokwenza izindlela zokwexwayisa kusekude ngokunikezela ngamathuluzi okuhlola ukuphatheka kabi nokushaqeka.
Amandla kagesi anendima ebaluleke kakhulu enqubeni yezentuthuko, okukuqala njengesidingo sasekhaya kodwa futhi njengesisekelo somkhiqizo ozindleko zawo zithinta ezinye ezimpahla nosizo kanye nokuqophisana kwamakhono. Ngenxa yokwabiwa kwamandla kagesi okungalinani kulelizwekazi, kuphakanyiswa ukuba kubhekisiswe amandla kagesi amaningi nangabizi imali enkulu ukuze kugxilwe ekwabiweni kwamandla kagesi akhona ngokulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iAfrika kufanele izame konke okusemandleni ayo ukuthuthukisa awayo amandla kagesi ngelanga ngoba lona litholakala ngobuningi.
Ukuguqula nokudala ubudlelwano bemithethonkambiso nemithetho kuleli zwekazi.
Ukwenabisa uhlelo lokongiwa kwamandla kagesi lwemiPhakathi yeNtuthuko yasemazansi neAfrika lwenabele kulo lonke lelizwekazi.
Ukwandisa ukuhamba ngezindiza kuzo zonke izifunda zaseAfrika.
Ukusungula amathimba ezokuthelelwa kwempahla nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe azobhekana nokudala ubudlelwane phakathi kwenqubo yokuwela imincele nemvume yokuphatha imali.
Ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela phakathi kukaHulumeni nezinkampani zangasese ukuze kulungiswe imboni yezindiza nokwakha amakhono okulawula imigwaqo yasemakhathini.
ukuqinisekisa ngokwandisa ukucelela ezolimo nalezo ezikhula ngemvula ukuze kwande umkhiqizo wezolimo nokutholakala kokudla.
Ukusekela uhlelo loBumbano Lomhlaba lokoNgiwa kwamanzi emaDolobheni aseAfrika.
Ukusungula ithimba elibhekela ukusheshiswa kwenqubo yokwamukelwa nokwehliswa kwamandla yokulethwa kwezingqalasizinda nosizo kwezenhlalo nobudlelwano babantu.
Ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana kocwaningo olukhethekile nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme.
Ukumisa ithimba elizobukeza futhi lenze iziphakamiso ngamakhono ocwaningo oludingekayo kuleso naleso sifunda salelizwekazi.
Inkinga ephambili yeMfundo eAfrika ukungabi nazo izinto zokufundisa nokungapheleli kwamasu okuqeqeshwa kwabantu abaningi baseAfrika. Abantu baseAfrika abathole ithuba lokuqeqeshwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni bakhombise amakhono abo okuqophisana ngempumelelo.
Uhlelo lusekela ukuqiniswa ngokushesha kwamasu amaNyuvesi onke aseAfrika, kubala nokuvulwa kwamaNyuvesi akhethekile uma kudingekile, ukwenezezela kulabo thisha abakhona eAfrika. Isidingo sokusungula nokuqinisa izikhungo zobuchwepheshe sigcizelelwa kakhulu.
Ukwakha isimo sezoMbusazwe, ubudlelwano okuhlalisana kwabantu nezomnotho ezidingekayo eAfrika ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekela ngabantu abanamakhono futhi kuhehwe nabatshali bezimali okuyiyonanto edingeka kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuvulwe umgudu wokubuyisela ulwazi lwesayensi emazweni akubo, nokusungula ukubambisana phakathi kwalabo abangaphesheya kwezilwandle nalabo abasemazweni abo.
Ukukhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kodokotela nezinyanga.
Ukuqinisa ukubambisana kweAfrika enqubeni okuhloswe ngayo ukuthola amakhambi okwelapha ngamanani aphansi, kubandakanywa nalezo zinkampani zokuthakwa kwamakhambi zomhlaba nemiphakathi emhlabeni nokubheka ezinye izindlela zokuthuthwa kwamakhambi abalulekile.
Ngokuhlanganyele baqoqe okungadingekayo ukwakha amakhono ukuze amazwe aseAfrika ezokwazi ukuthuthukisa izingqalasizinda nokuphathwa kwezempilo.
IAfrika liyikhaya ezifweni ezinkulu. Amagciwane athwala izinambuzane, ukuhamba kwabantu nokunye okuthwala izifo, kuvunyelwa izinqubomgomo zezemvelo ezintengayo, nezimo zokuphila ezimbi. Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ebhekene nayo iAfrika emizamweni yayo yentuthuko ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo , ikakhulukazi ingculazi negciwane layo, isifo sofuba nomalaleveva. Ngaphandle kokuba lezi zifo ziqotshwe, intuthuko iyohlala iyiphupho.
Ngasemkhakheni wezempilo iAfrica isezingeni elibi kakhulu uma iqathaniswa namanye amazwe omhlaba. Ngonyaka ka 1997 amazinga okufa kwezingane nentsha beku- 105 kuya ku 169 ezinganeni eziyi-1000 uma kuqathanisea ne- 6 kuya esi- 7 ezinganeni eziyi 1000 ngokulandelana emazweni asethuthukile. Impilo yomuntu ilinganisela eminyakeni enga-48.9 , uma kuqathaniswa neminyaka engama- 77.7 emazweni asethuthukile. Kukhona odokotela abayi-16 ababhekene nabantu abayi 100 000 uma kuqathaniswa nabantu abangama- 253 emazweni athuthukile. Ubumba obubonakala ngamaholo aphansi, bungenye yezinqginamba ezikhinyabeza amakhona ebantu okulwa nezinkinga zempilo.
Ukudla okunomsoco yikhona ngxenye ebalulekile yokudla okunomsoco. Isilinganiso samandla okudla okufudumeza umzimba siyehluka kusukela ezi-2384 emazweni enemali encame kuya ezi-2846 amazweni anemali elingene bese kuba izi-3390 emazweni eNhlangano yokubambisana kweziMnotho nezeNtuthuko (OECD).
Ezempilo, ezichazwe iNhlangano yezeMpilo yoMhlaba (WHO) njengesimo sokuphila komzimba nengqondo okuphelele, zinomthelelela emkhiqizweni nasekukhuleni komnotho welizwe. Umthelela osobala wezempilo kubantu abasebenzayo izinsuku ezilahlekayo uma bengekho emsebenzini begula , ukukhula komkhiqizo kanye namathuba okuthola imisebenzi ekhokhela kangcono. Ekugcineni ukwenza ngcono ezempilo nokudla okunomsoco kunomthelela oqonde ngqo empilweni enhle, ngoba izifo ziyathikamezeka, amazinga okufa kwabantwana ayehla, nobude bokuphila buyanda. Ukuxhumana nokuncishiswa kobumba kubonakala kalula.
Iningi labantu baseAfrika lihlala emaphandleni. Kodwa-ke ukwabiwa kwemali kuyantenga futhi akunamkhiqizo. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezinkinga zangaphandle, ukungaqondakali kwesimo sezulu , izinqubomgomo zomnotho ezivuna abanye, ukungazinzi kwamanani ezinto emhlabeni, konke lokhu kwenze kungabi nokusabaleliswa kwezolimo emaphandleni, okuholele endlaleni nobuphofu.
Lesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenza kutholakale ukudla emazweni aseAfrika sidinga ukuthi kuxazulelulwe izinkinga zezolimo ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo nokudla okunosmoco.
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezolimo yisona sinyathelo sokuqala ekuthuthukiseni umnotho kulelizwekazi. Ukukhula kwamandla okuthenga kwabantu basemaphandleni kuyoholela ekufunweni kwempahla yaseAfrika kakhulu. Ukuheha okwahlukahlukane kuyodala umthombo wezokukhula komnotho.
Ukwenza ngcono umkhiqizo wezolimo kuncike ekususweni kwezingqinamba ezikhinyabeza lomkhakha. Ingqinamba ephambili ukungaqondakali kwesimo sezulu okuyingozi enkulu kwezolimo ngenxa yezimali ezitshalwayo kulemboni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uhulumeni kufanele akwesekele ukuthengwa kwezinto zokunisela nokuthuthukisa izindawo ezilinywayo uma izithunywa zangasese zingazimisele ukusiza. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinye izingqalasizinda zasemaphandleni (njengemigwaqo, ukufakelwa kukagesi) kubalulekile.
Nesimo noma isakhiwo sezolimo naso ngokwaso siyakuthikameza umkhiqizo nokusebenza kwalemboni. Ukwesekelwa kwalemboni ngocwaningo nezikhungo, ukumiswa kwezizinda zosizo nokuhweba ngezolimo kungawandisa umkhiqizo ongathengiseka. Kufanele kubhekisiswe nomhlahlandlela wemithethonkambiso, kumbandakanywa nokukhuthazwa kwabazohola imiphakathi emaphandleni nokumbandakanya kwemiphakathi ekumisweni kwezinqubomgomo nosizo.
Abaxhasi ngezimali nezikhungo ezinhlosonhloso aziwunakanga lomkhakha wezolimo nentuthuko yasemphandleni, lapho kuhlala khona abantu abadla imbuya ngothi abangaphezulu kwamaphesenti anga-70. Isibonelo, Ikomidi elibolekayo lebhange lomhlaba laboleka umkhakha wezolimo imali engamaphesenti anga-39 ngonyaka 1978, kodwa lemali yehla yaze yafika emaphesentini angu 12 ngonyaka ka 1996, yaphinda yehla futhi kakhulu yaze yaba ngamaphesenti ayi-7 ngonyaka ka -2000. Yonke imiphakathi exhasa ngezimali kufanele iyinguqule lejwayelo.
Kwemukelwe ukuthi ezemvelo ezinempilo nezinomkhiqizo yikhona okumele kwenzeke kuqala kolukhu kuHlanganyela Okusha KweNtuthuko yeAfrika. Kuyamukelwa futhi ukuthi kunezinto eziningi ezidingeka ukuze kunakekelwe imvelo, nokuthi kufanele kumiswe izindlela noma amasu ahlelwe kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lwezemvelo olulandelanayo kahle. Lokhu kuzodinga ukuba kukhethwe okuthile, nokuthi izinto ezithile kuqalwe ngazo.
Kuyamukelwa futhi ukuthi umongo wokuphokophelwe yilesi siqaliso kwezolimo kufanele kube ukulwa nobumba nokubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ezenhlalo nezomnotho eAfrika. Kubonakale kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ukuthi izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukwakha ezemvelo ezinempilo ziye zaba nomthelela kwezemisebenzi, ukufundiswa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho nokuncishiswa kobumba.
Kufanele kushiwo lapha, ukuthi iAfrika yiyona ezobamba Ingqungquthela Yomhlaba yeNtuthuko eZinzile ezoba ngo Sephthemba ngonyaka ka 2002 nokuthi ukuphathwa kwemvelo yiyona ngqikithi noma isisekelo salengqungquthela. Ngaleyondlela, siphakamisa ukuthi leyo nqubo igcizelele ekuxoxisaneni ngalesiqubulo kulokhu kuHlanganyela oKusha kweNtuthuko YeAfrika.
Ukulwa nokwahlukahluka: Isinyathelo sokuqala kuyakuba ukulungiswa komhlaba osuwonakalisiwe nokubheka ukuthi yini eholele kulokho konakala. Abantu kuyakudingeka bathathe izinyathelo iziningi, kubhekelwa "eZinhlelweni zemiphakathi" okuyoba nomthelela kwezentuthuko yenhlalo nobudlelwnane yaleli zwekazi.
Ukuhlasela kwezilwane ezingezona ezakuleyindawo: Ukuhlanganyela kuyadingeka ukuze kuliwe futhi kuthiywe izilwane ezibulalayo. Lokhu kuhlanganyela kubalulekile ukuze kongiwe nokuthi kugcinwe ukuphila kahle indlela yobudlelwano kwendalo nezomnotho.
Ukufudumala eMhlabeni. Kuyogxilwa kuqala ekusingatheni nokulawula ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukongiwa kwezindawo sazeMinceleni. Lesi siqubulo sizokwakhiwa phezu kwalezi eseziqaliwe, kuyofanele sihlanganyelwe phakathi kwamanzi ukuthi kuxhaswe ezokongiwa, nezokuvakasha, bese kudalwa imisebenzi.
Ukuphathwa Kwezemvelo. Lokhu kumayelana nezidingo zezikhungo, ezomthetho, ezokuhlela, uqeqesho nokwakha amakhono okuyikhona kuyisesekelo sakho konke okukhulunywa ngakho ngenhla.
Ezezimali. Kudingeka uhlelo lwezimali oluhlelwekanhe ngokunakekela.
Ezemvelo zinenhlanhla enkulu ngoba imisebenzi eminingi ingaba sesikhathini esifushane kanti futhi ingaba nemiphumela emihle ngakwezokutshalwa kwezimali nokwakha isisekelo okungaqalwa phezu kwaso.
Amasiko ayingxenye ebalulekile yemizamo yentuthuko kuleli zwekazi. Ngaleso sizathu kubalulekile ukuvikela nokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ulwazi lwendabuko olumele ubunzulu bamasiko alelizwekazi nokwabelana ngololo lwazi ukuze kuzuze abantu. Ukuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kuzogxila ekuvikeleni nasekondleni ulwazi lwendabuko, olumbandakanya ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kwendabuko, ukudweba, nemisebenzi yesayensi, ukuqamba, ukutholakala kwesayensi, ukuhlobisa, umaka, amagama nezimpawu, ulwazi olungadaluliwe naminye imikhuba yendabuko nezakhiwo ezivela ezenzweni zenhlakanipho emkhakheni yezimboni, isayensi ukufunda nobuciko. Lokhu kumbandakanya izinto zomdabu nolwazi oluhambisana nazo.
Ukwamukela nokujwayela ubuchwepheshe obukhona ukuze kwahlukaniswe ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo.
Ukusungula nokuthuthukisa amakhono omkhiqizo kwezobunjiniyela nokwesekela ukwahlukahlukana kwezokwenziwa kwezinto.
Ukufinyelela kumaphesenti ayi-7 okukhula komnotho okukhulunywa ngakho ku IDG - ikakhulukazi, inhloso yokunciphisa ngengxenye ubungako babantu abakhungethwe ubumba eAfrika ngonyaka ka 2005 - iAfrika kudingeka igcwalise isikhala semcebo ongenayo ngonyaka esingamaphesenti ayi-12 omkhiqizo wayo wasekhaya noma izigidi ezingama-64 zamadola aseMelika. Lokhu kudingeka ukuba kwandiswe ukongiwa kwasekhaya kanye nokwenziwa ngcono kwezindlela zokuqoqwa kwemali yombuso. Kodwa-ke iqwaba yomcebo odingekayo kuyofanele utholakale ngaphandle kwallelizwekazi. Ukuhlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kugxile ekuncishisweni kwesikwletu ne ODA njengawona mcebo odingekayo okwesikhashana kusalungiswa ukuqongelelwa kwemali ngasese. Umgomo oyisisekelo sokuQongelelwa kwemali ukwenziwa ngcono kwezokuphatha , ngakho-ke ukubamba iqhaza ekuSungulweni kwezokuPhatha ezomnotho nezombusazwe yikhon okuphambili ekuQongelelweni kwezimali.
Ukuze ifinyelele ekukhuleni komnotho okuphezulu nokuncishiswa kobumba iAfrika idinga ukuqwanda omunye umcebo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweAfrika. Umcebo wangaphakathi umbandakanya ukongiwa kwemali ngamafemu nemindeni okufanele kukhuliswe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kufanele kutholakale indlela yokuqoqa intela esebenzayo kanye nokufinyezwa kwezindleko zikaHulumeni. Ingxenye enkulu yezimali ezongiwe zamazwe aseAfrika ziyalahleka ngenxa yokwemuka kwemali. Lokhu kungaguqulwa kuphela uma iminotho yamazwe aseAfrika iba indalo enhle yezakhamuzi yokugcina imali. Ngakho-ke kunesidingo sokwenza isimo esingcono sokutshalwa kwezimali ngabatshali bezimali bangasese abangaphakathi kulelizwe nabakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona eminye imicebo engaqoqwa eAfrika, kube, ngaleso sikhathi kucelwa amazwe asethuthukile ukuba athembise ukwelekelela ngezimali loluhlelo. Ngokwenza njalo bayobe bengabophezeli impahla yabo. Ekugcineni siphakamisa ukuba kusungulwe I -Special Drawing Rights yase Africa.
Ukuhlanganyela oKusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kufuna kwandiswe ukuwesulwa kwesikweletu ngaphezu kwezinga okukukulo manje (okusekelwe ekondlekeni kwesikweletu), okusadingeka ukuba kukhokhwe isamba esithile somcebo. Okuphokophelwe Ukuhlanganyelo Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kwesikhathi eside ukuxhumanisa ukwesulwa kwesikweletu nezindleko zokuncishiswa kobumba. Njengamanje, ukukhokhwa kwesikweletu okuphezulu kufanele kuqhunye njengegxenye yemali yombuso, nengxenye eyahlukile yamazwe e-IDA nalowo angenayo I-IDA. Ukuze iqiniseke ngokuzinikela ekuncishisweni kwesikweletu I-ODA iAfrika idinga abaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika abazoxoxisana ngamalungeselelo nawohulumeni abakwelwetayo. Amazwe azosebenzisa nezindlela zokwesulwa kwezikweletu okukhona njengamanje - yi HIPC ne Qembu laseParis - ngaphambi kokuba kubuzwe indlela UkuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika. Ukusungula kwesigungu sesikweletu kuyodinga ukuba kumiswe uhlelo lokunciphiswa kwesikweletu. Uhlelo lwesikweletu luyodinga amacebo okuncishiswa kobumba okuvunyelwene ngawo, amacebo esikweletu nokubamba iqhaza ekuSungulweni kokuPhathwa kwezoMnotho ukuze kuqiniswekiswe ukuthi amazwe ayakwazi ukuthola eminye imithombo. Ngaphezu kokufuna ukwesulelwa isikweletu ngokwaleli cebo okukhulunywa ngalo lapha ngenhla, abaholi bayosungula isithangami lapho wonke amazwe aseAfrika eyokwabelana ulwazi nokwenziwa ngcono kwamacebo okusulwa kwesikweletu.
Izinhloko zoMbuso zokuHlanganyela oKusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika ziyokwenza isivumelwano, zixoxisane nemiphakathi yomhlaba ukuba yehlise isikweletu kulawo mazwe abambe iqhaza kulokhu kuHlanganyela oKusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika okuyosuselwa kulemigomo okukhulunywa ngayo ngenhla.
Abaholi bokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika bayosungula isithangami lapho wonke amazwe aseAfrika ayokwabelana khona ngolwazi nokuvivela ukwenza ngcono amacebo okuncishiswa kwesikweletu. Bayoshitshisana ngemibono okungaholela okupheleni kwenqubo yenguquko nezinqu zayo nenqubo yeHIPC.
Ukusungula indlela ezimele yokuhlola ukusebenza kwamazwe axhaswe ngezimali nalawo anikele ngezimali.
Ukuhlanganyela oKusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kufuna ukwandisa ukungena kwemali e-Afrika, njengokuyikhona okuyimizamo yesikhathi eside yokubhekana nezinkinga zokuthola izimali.
Okuqala okufanele kubhekwane nakho ukubonwa kwe-Afrika ngabatshali bezimali njengezwe elinobungozi obukhulu mayelana nokuvikeleka kwamalungelo empahla, umhlahlandlela wemithethonkambiso kanye nemakethe. Izingxenye zokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika eziningi ziyosiza ukunciphisa lobungozi kancane kancane, futhi zimbandakanya izinhlelo ezimayelana nokuthula, ukuvikeleka, ezombusazwe nekuphathwa kwezomnotho, izingqalasizinda kanye nokuncishiswa kobumba. Kuyozanywa nezindlela zesikhashana zokuncishiswa kwezingozi, okumbandakanya izibambiso zokutshelekwa kwezimali nomhlanhlandlela wemithethonkambiso nemithetho. Okwesibili okubalulekile ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela phakathi kukahulumeni nabangasese (PPP), izinhlelo zokwakha amakhono ngokusizwa yiBhange leNtuthuko leAfrika nezinye izikhungo zezimali zaleso sifunda, ukwesekela ohulumeni bakazwelonke nabezifundazwe ukuba bamise kabusha futhi balawule inqubo yokufakelwa kwezingqalasizinda nosizo olumayelana nezenhlalo nobudlelwane babantu. Okwesithathu okubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukuzinza kwezimakethe zezimali emazweni, nasebudlelwaneni bemincele nokuhlanganyela, ngokulandela ithimba lokuhlanganyela kweziMakethe zeziMali. Ekuqaleni lokhu kuyogxila ekumiseni izindlela zokushaya imithetho, nesimo sokushaya imithetho mayelana nesimo sezimali..
Ukusungula inqubo ezokwandisa amakhono amazwe aseAfrika ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa I-PPP.
Ukusungula iThimba lokuHlanganyela Imakethe yeziMali elizophuthumisa ukuhlanganyela kweziMakethe zeMali ngokusungulwa kwemithetho nemithethonkambiso; ngokusungula kwemithetho esezingeni lomhlaba nemithethonkambiso eyimhlahlandlela nokwakhiwa kwenkundla eyodwa yokuhweba yeAfrika yonke.
Okunye okubalulekile, okumayelana nesikhathi esifushane, yisidingo sokwengenza kwama ODA angaphezulu nokuncishiswa kwesikweletu. I-ODA eyengeziwe iyadingakala ukuze ukuze lawo mazwe athuthuke kancane asizwe ukuba afeze izinhloso zamazwe omhlaba kwezentuthuko ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezemfundo, ezempilo nokuncishiwa kwesikweletu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okunye ukuncishiswa kwezikweletu ngaphezu kwalokho okukhulunywe ngakho kubalulekile kakhulu. Amazwe akhungethwe ubumba nayizikweletu imizamo yokunciphisa izikweletu kuwashiya esathwele umthwalo onzima wezikweletu, yingakho kubalulekile ukuhambise konke okukhona ekuncishisweni kwesikweletu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona amazwe angazange afakwe kuloluhlelo, akudingayo kodwa ukuncishiselwa izikweletu ukuze kukhululwe ezinye izimali ezizotshenziselwa ukunciphisa izikweletu.
Umnotho waseAfrika uyalimala ngoba ucike emkhiqizweni omkhulu nokuthengisela impahla kwamanye amazwe akwandile. Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuba imikhiqizo yahlukane kanti kufanelwe kuqalwe ngokulungisa umcebo wemvelo waseAfrika. Igugu elibekwe enqubeni yezolimo nenzuzo kwezokumbiwa kufanele kwandiswe, kuthuthukiswe futhi, nomkhakha wezempahla ngokwakha icebo lokwahlukahlukanisa umnotho ngokwakha ubudlelwane emikhakheni eyahlukene. Kufanele kukhuthazwe zozimbili izinhlobo zamabhizimisi, amabhizimisi amakhulu kanye namabhizimisi amancane naphakathi emkhakheni wezimboni, okuyiwona eyizinjini zokukhula komnotho nentuthuko. Uhulumeni kufanele asuse izingqinamba kwezamabhizimisi futhi akhuthaze abantu baseAfrika ukuba basebenzise amathalente abo kwezokuhweba.
Ukuphoqelela ukuvikelwa kokudla ezingeni likazwelonke nasemakhaya ngamakhaya ngokuthuthukisa nokuphatha umkhiqizo , ezokuthutha, nokugcinwa kwempahla nokuthengiswa kwezitshalo ezidliwayo imfuyo nofishi.
Ukwesekela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezocwaningo kuyo yonke imikhakha yezitshalo ezinenzuzo ephezulu, ukulondolozwa nezindlela zokugcina impahla.
Ukwesekela ukwakhiwa kwamakhono ahlukahlukene kwezokuxoxisana ngezohwebo ezifundeni nakuzwelonke, kubandakanya nokuhlanzeka kokudla neminye imithethonkambiso kwezolimo.
Ukusungula izindlela zokwenza ezihamba phambili ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi kumbiwa umcebo wemvelo namatshe ambiwayo asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukusungula isikole seAfrika seziNdlela zokuMba (ukuze kuthuthukiswe kukhiqizwe imfundo, amakhono nokuqeqeshwa kuwo wonke amazinga) . Lokhu kungaphumelela ngokubambisana kwezikole esezivele zikhona.
Ukuba ngamalunga ezinhlangano ezisemazingeni omhlaba. Ubulunga bunganika iAfrika ithuba lokuzwakalisa izwi layo kulezo zinhlangano futhi kuyokwenza ukuthi izimboni zaseAfrika zikwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwamazinga omhlaba.
Ukusungula izikhungo zaleli zwekazi ezizoqiniseka ngokulungiswa kwezindlela zekomkhulu lamazwe emhlabeni.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokuhlola nezinhlangano zokuqinisekisa ziyasungulwa ukuze kwesekelwe imithethinkambiso yezobuchwepheshe efanele yaleso sifunda.
ukunquba ngendlela okuvunyelwene ngayo yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa nabanye abalingani baseAfrika okuhwebelwana nabo. Ngokujwayelekile, lokhu kuyophumelela kuphela uma umhlahlandlea wamazinga, imithethonkambiso yobuchwepheshe, izindlela nokunikwa igunya sekukhona futhi kuhambisana nezidingo zomhlaba.
Ukusungulwa kwehhovisi lokwazisa (Standard Bureaux) elizonikeza izimboni nohulumeni izindaba ezifanele mayelana namazinga omhlaba, ezifunda nakazwelonke ukuze kufinyeleleke kalula ezimakethe.
Ukuqinisekiswa ukusungulwa kwamazinga afanele eZifunda nakaZwelonke ngokusungulwa kwamakomiti ezobuchwepheshe afanele azomela abathintekayo emazweni kanye nokulawula lawo makomidi ngokuhambisana nezinkambiso ze-ISO/IEC nezesivumelwano seWTO/TBT.
ukukhulisa amabhizimisi amakhulu, namancane naphakathi, kumbandakanywa nomkhakha ongahleliwe.
Ukuqinisa nokukhuthaza izimboni ezinkulu, ezincane neziphakathi ngokuzisiza ngobuchwepheshe oluvela ezizindeni zosizo kanye nomphakathi, nokwenza ngcono ukutholakala kwezimali noma ukwebolekwa izimali ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi osomabhizimisi besifazane.
Ukunikeza usizo lwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthiswe imithethenkambiso efanele kwezemvelo, ukwenziwa ngcono kwezamabhizimisi amancane, aphakathi, ukusungula izimali mboleko ukuze kusizwe umkhakha wosomabhizimisi ongekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni eAfrika.
Ukubhekana ngokwesikhashana nezinkinga zokwentuleka kwamakhono ngokuqeqesha nokujabulisa abasebenzi ezimbonini.
Ukwazisa bonke abantu nezinkampnani zaseAfrika ezithengisa imikhiqizo yazo nalezo ezithengisela amanye amazwe imikhiqizo yawo.
Ukunciphisa izintela ezikhokhela impahla ethengwe kwamanye amazwe.
Izinhloko zemibuso zaseAfrika kufanele ziqiniseke ngokubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo kwezohwebo, obekuphethwe ngaphansi kophiko lwe-WTO kusukela ngonyaka ka 1995.
Usizo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nosizo ukuze kwandiswe amakhono ezizinda zemibuso yaseAfrika okusebenzisa I-WTO nokungenela izingxoxo zohwebo.
Ngaphezu kosizo olwenabele yonke indawo iWTO, nezinhloko zemibuso yaseAfrika kufanele babheke lapho kudingeka bangenelele khona, kanye nemiphakathi yomhlaba, ukuqinisa iqhaza lapho kufanele kube nokungenelela, ndawonye nemphikakathi yamazwe omhlaba.
Ukuvuselela izenzo zezombusazwe emazweni aseAfrika kuyoqinisa futhi kugxilise izinyathelo zokuhlanganyela kulelizwekazi. Ngalokhu ke, kufanele kunakisiswe : indlela yokuhweba yaseAfrika kuphela; ukuhambisana phakathi kwezimpokophelo zohwebo zasekhaya, kanye nezinqubomgomo zezimboni, okuyokwandisa ukuhwebelana kwezifunda okubalulekile ekuzinziseni amalungiselelo ezomnotho zesifunda.
Abaholi baseAfrika bakholelwa ekutheni kubalukele ukwenziwa ngcono kokufinyeleleka kwezimakethe zomhlaba, zamazwe anezimboni ukuze kuthengiswe imikhiqizo, lapho IAfrika ikwazi ukuqophisana. Nakuba sekwenziwe ngcono ngokwehlisa intela ethelelwa impahla eminyakeni edlule, kusasele okuningi kwezentela kanti nalezompahla ezingakhokhelwa zinezaze izingqinamba. Inqubeko kulolundaba ingandisa ukukhula komnotho , Ukuthembela kweODA kungahlela nemisebenzi yezingqalasizinda kungaphumelela ngenxa yokukhula komnotho.
IAfrika iyawamukela umlando omdala wokungaqubi ngobulungiswa nesidingo sokuba kulungiswe lokhu. Umyalo walokhu kuhlanganyela okusha , kungahlanganisa imizamo ukuze kwenziwe ngcono izinga lempilo yabanta baseAfrika ngokushesha. Kulokhu, kunemithwalo okufanele kwabelwane ngayo, kufanele kuzuze iAfrika kanye nabalingani balo.
Izinguquko zobuchwepheshe emhlabeni zidinga ukwandiswa komcebo, ukwandiswa kwezimakethe, imizamo emisha kwezesayensi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhono enhlakanipho yabantu kanye nohlelo olukhethwe kahle lwezempilo nenhlalo. Siyazi ukuthi okumbiwayo kwaseAfrika neminye imicebo kubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo emkhiqizweni yamazwe asethuthukile.
Ngaphezu komcebo wayo ongenakuphikiswa iAfrika inikeza imakethe enkulu nekhulayo yomkhiqizo emhlabeni wonke. IAfrika ethuthukayo nokukhula kwesibalo sabantu abasebenzayo nabasebenzi abanamakhono kungakha imakethe ekhulayo yokuthengisa imikhiqizo yomhlaba, impahla nosizo lwezimfundamakhwela.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iAfrika izobe inika amathuba amahle okutshala imali. Ukuhlanganyela okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kudala amathuba emizamo yomhlaba yokubambisa ekuthuthukiseni izingqalasizinda , ikakhulukazi I-ICT nezokuthutha.
IAfrika yakha futhi amathuba okubamisana phakathi komkhakha kahulumeni nalowo ongekho kuhulumeni ngokwenzuzo, izimboni zezolimo, ezokuvakasha , ukuthuthukisa namakhono abantu, kanye nokubhekana nenselelo yokuvuselela amadolobha nokuthuthukisa amaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukwahlukahlukana kokudaliwe, kumbandakanywa nezilwane nezihlahla namahlathi - kuwumcebo obalulekile womhlaba wonkana ekulweni nokupheliswa kwemvelo okudala ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokunakaliswa komoya namanzi okuchithwa izimboni nomoya odakayo.
Ukwanda kwemfundo namanye amathuba eAfrika kuyokwenabisa iqhaza laleli zwekazi kwezesayensi ubuchwepheshe, amasiko komhlaba kanye nezunzo kuwo wonke umuntu. Empeleni, isayensi yamanje iyayamukela iAfrika njengenzalo yoluntu. oKwasendulo, okubaziwe, okudwetshiwe kanye nezinkomba zokwakha kwabantu basendulo kutholakala eAfrika, okuletha ubufakazi ngama Homo sapiens nengqubekela phambili yabantu.
Ingxenye yenqubo yokwakhiwa kabusha kobuntu nokuthemba kwabantu baseAfrika kubalulekile ukuthi kuqondwe nokuthi kuthathwe njengegugu ngabantu baseAfrika ngokwabo. Ngokufanayo, ukuthathwa kweAfrika njengendawo eyinzalo yoluntu kufanele kuthokozelwe wumhlaba wonke.
Ifa eliyingcebo yaseAfrika lamasiko liyabonakala ezintweni zabo ezibaziwe zakudala, imibhalo, imicabango/inqubo nezinkolelo, imidwebo kanye nomculo. Lokhu kufanele kuthethwe njengendlela yokuqakambisa ukuziqayisa kwabantu baseAfrika ngobuntu babo nokuqinisekisa nokuhambisana nokufanana kobuntu babantu emhlabeni wonke.
Esinye sezisekelo zokuhlanganyela okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika ukwandisa imibuso yentandoyeningi, nokugxilisa isiko lamalungelo esintu nokubekezelelana. I-Afrika lombuso yentandoyeningi liyoba ngenye yezinsika zomhlaba wombuso wentandoyeningi. Wonke umcebo okhona njengamanje emhlabeni unikelwe ekuxazululeni izingxabano zangaphakathi nezingxabano phakathi kwamazwe ingakhululwa ukuze isentshenziselwe eminye imizamo enezunzo.
iAfrika iyazinikela ekuthuthukiseni nasekuqinisweni kwamazwe aseNingizimu yomhlaba.
Ukushintsha/Ingqikithi kweAfrika ekuzithatheleni umthwalo wokuzibumbela ikusasa lalelizwekazi kuyisidingo sokwakha ubuhlobo nabalingani bayo kwezentuthuko. Indlela elethwa ngayo intuthuko emazweni asathuthukayo iletha izinkinga ezinzima nayo ngokwayo. Isidingo sokubika nokuxoxisana ngokuhlukana kubaxhasi ngezimali abaxhase umkhakha owodwa kuyinkinga futhi akusebenzi. Ukumbaqa usizo lwezentuthuko nakho kuletha izinkinga. Kunesicelo sokuba kudalwe kabusha obuhlobo obuzothatha izinhlelo zentuthuko zezwe njengesiqalo. Lobu buhlobo obusha kufanele bucacise indlela okuvunyelwene nokuzosentshenzwa ngayo phakathi komxhasi nomxhaswa. Kunezigigaba eziningi ezikhombisa ukuthi ukungaphumeleli kwemisebenzi akubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwabaxhaswa kuphela kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kubangelwa izaluleko ezinikezwa ngabaxhasi.
Ukuphendulelela ukwehla kosizo lwaphesheya eAfrica kanye nokufinyelela ezingeni loSizo lwaphesheya olulinganiselwa emaphesentini angu-0.7 womkhiqizo walelo nalelo zwe elikulelo nalelozwe ngesikhathi esithile.
Ukumisa izindlela ezizolwa nenkohliso, nokuzinikela ekubuyiseleni izimali ezitholakale ngalezi zenzo eAfrika.
Umsebenzi sewenziwe vele ezinhlelweni eziningi ngokuhlanganyela nabo emhlabeni kanye nezikhungo. Kodwa-ke kudingekile ukuba kuqiniswe iqhaza labaseAfrika nabaholi ukuze kutholakale imiphumela engcono. Sikholwa ukuthi ukubhekana nalezi zinhlelo kungasheshisa ukuvuselelwa kaleli zwekazi.
Abaqguqguzeli abaningi bokuHlanganyela oKusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika bayayibona ingozi yokuhlasela intuthuko ngemisebenzi, bahlongoza ukuthi kube nemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni intuthuko yezifunda, njengoba kusho Ukuhlanganyela okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika.. Lezizinhlelo aziyikuqinisa intuthuko yamazwe nezifunda nje kuphela, kodwa iyohamba ibanga elide ekuvuseleleni lelizwekazi.
Imisebenzi ethulwe lapha ngezansi ngeyokukhombisa kuphela. Uhla oluphelele lwemisebenzi lungatholakala egosini yokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfrika kulelukheli (www.mapstrategy.com).
Isifundo esitholakale emhlabeni wonkana siveza ukuthi enye yezenzo zokukhuthaza amabhizimisi ngukusungula izidleke zamabhizimisi. Lelohlelo luyosungula imihlahlandlela edingekayo kanye nenqubomgomo yokwakhiwa kwezidleke ezingeni likazwelonke, kususelwa kulokho okube yisifundo emhlabeni okuhambisana nezidingo nemibandela yeAfrika.
Inqubo yekuHlanganyela oKusha kweNtuthuko YeAfrika ikhombe imisebenzi eminingi yezamandla, ezokuthuthua ukuxhumana namanzi ebalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni intuthuko yeAfrika. Yonke lemisebenzi isemazingeni ehlukene entuthuko futhi idinga ukuxhaswa ngezimali. Okufanele kwenziwe kuqala ngukuphuthumisa intuthuko ngokubambisana neBhange lezeNtuthuko laseAfrika , Ibhange loMhlaba nezinye izikhungo ezinezinhlozo eziningi.
Ungqongqoshe wokuqala uthi, ngaphandle kokuba kubhekwane nezinqgalasizinda zentuthuko ngohlelo oluhambisana nokuhlanganyela nentuthuko yezifunda - ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwaleli zwekazi kungeke kwasukuma. Ngakho-ke imiphakathi yamazwe omhlaba iyanxusa ukuba isekele iAfrika ekuphuthumiseni izingqalasizinda zentuthuko. Imininingwane ngemisebenzi yezingqalasizinda egosini yokuHlanganyela Okusha kweNtuthuko yeAfika kulelikheli (www.mapstrategy.com).
Njengengxenye yezinyathelo okufanele zihambe phambili, kuyohlolwa izidingo, kususelwa ezingeni likazwelonke , kuya ezifundeni nasezingeni lezifunda. Inhloso ngukuhlola izidingo kulemikhakha emihlanu ephambili ngokwesakhiwo nabasebenzi.
Ukuhlolwa kwezidingo zezifunda kuyoqala ngokuhlolwa kwezidingo zikazwelonke. Kuhlongozwa ukuba ongoti nongqoongqoshe balowo mkhakha bahlangane kwenye yezinhlokodolobha zezifunda. Kulowo nalowo mkhakha kuyosentshenziswa imininingwane kazwelonke ukuchaza uhlelo lwalowo mkhakha. Uma ngabe sekuhlolwe izidingo zemikhakha emihlanu ziyohlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwesifunda.
Izidingo ezikhethekile yesifundazwe njengendawo eyodwa yayo yonke imibuso.
Izidingo okufanele zilungiswe ezingeni lezifundazwe ziyohlanganiswa. Njengokuthi anaNyuvesi kufanele ahlukaniswe ngokwezifunda.
Ekugcineni , izidingo zaleli zwekazi ziyobhekwa ngemikhakha emihlanu okuyiyona ethathwa njengephambili ngokubambisana nezinhlelo zomhlaba. Njengokuthi akufanele ukuba kuhlanganiswe nje. Imininingwane ingatholakala esizindeni so kuhlanganyela oKusha weNtuthuko yaseAfrika kuleli kheli (www.mapstrategy.com).
Kuyakuba nesidingo sosizo lobuchwepheshe ekusentshenzisweni kwalezi ndlela emkhakheni wezocwaningo nokumiswa kwenqubomgomo.
Ikomidi lokusebenza leziNhloko zeMibuso liyokuba namalunga amahlanu ayizinhloko zeMibuso, abangabakhuthazi bokuHlanganyela okusha kweNtuthuko YeAfrika , (nabanye ababili abavela kuleso naleso siFunda) bayoqashelwa ukusebenzisa.
Okuphokophelwe yiNhlanganyelo eNtsha yeNtuthuko yeAfrika ngukuqokothisa intandoyeningi nokuphathwa kwezomnotho okuzwakalayo kuleli zwekazi. Ngaloluhlelo, abaholi beAfrika bayazinikela kubantu baseAfrika nasemhlabeni wonke ukuthi bazosebenza ndawonye ekwakheni lelizwekazi kabusha. Bayathembisa ukuthi bazokhuthaza uxolo nokuzinza, ukuphathwa komnotho okuzwakalayo nentuthuko egxile kubantu nokuthi babhekana ngokwesivumelwano okukhulunywa ngaso kuloluhlelo.
Kulokhu kuhlanganyela okuhlongozwayo, iAfrika iyakwamukela ukuthi iyona ephethe izihluthulelo zentuthuko yayo. Siyafunga ukuthi lenhlanganyelo entsha yeNtuthuko yeAfrika iveza ithuba eliwumlando kumazwe asethuthukile ukuba ahlanganyele neAfrika, okusekelwe phezu kwezunzo yabo bonke, ukuzinikela nezivumelwano ezibophezelayo.
Ukwamukelwa kohlelo lwentuthuko njengoba lubekiwe lapha ngenhla, ndawonye nemgomo kuyakuba wuphawu lokuqala lwendima entsha yokuhlanganyela nokubambisana phakathi kweAfrika namazwe athuthukileyo.
Ukuze sigcwalise isethembiso salolu hlelo kufanele sinike ithemba enganeni yaseAfrika elambile lokuthi lonyakakhulu wama-21 ungunyaka-khulu weAfrika ngempela.
