Umnyango Wemisebenzi Yokuhlumisa Izimilo (Amajele) wethula umthetho ozovumela okokuqala ukuba umphakathi nabanye ababambe iqhaza abafana noMnyango Wezobulungiswa noMbutho wamaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika babe nezwi kwizinqumo zokudedelwa kweziboshwa ngaphambi kokuqeda isigwebo. Esikhathini esifushane esizayo, nabahlukunyezwe ngamacala bayovunyelwa ukwenza iziphakamiso Ezigungwini Ezengamele Ukuhlunyiswa Kwezimilo Nokudedelwa ngoshwele kanjalo nokuhambela imihlangano yeSigungu eziwombeni zamacala abucayi.
Kungani kunesidingo soguquko?
Lolu hlelo lokudedelwa kweziboshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe luvame ukugxekwa kakhulu ngenxa yombono wokuthi abasebenzi bomnyango wokuhlunyiswa kwezimilo bagxambukela ezigwebeni ezikhishwa yizinkantolo zomthetho. Noma uhlelo lokudedelwa kweziboshwa lwenzeka emhlabeni jikelele nokuyinto ehlose ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha kwezaphulamthetho ngokukhuthaza ukuziphatha kahle nokubambisana kanjalo nokunciphisa igebe phakathi empilweni yokuboshwa nejwayelekile emphakathini. ENingizimu Afrika, lolu hlelo lwagxekwa ngokwehluleka ukuba sobala nokuzimela ngesikhathi sokuthathwa kwezinqumo.
Yizimo ezichazwe ngenhla nethuba lokubunjwa kwentando yeningi lapha eNingizimu Afrika okuholele ekuchitshiyelweni komthetho nokwethulwa komthetho ngo-1998 okwavumela ukusungulwa kohlelo olucacile nolungakhethi lokudedelwa kweziboshwa oluxube nabantu abavela ngaphandle komnyango ababambe iqhaza ekuthatheni izinqumo. Zikhona izingqinamba eziphathekayo ezavimbela ukwemukelwa kwalesi sigaba (isigaba-74) soMthetho Womsebenzi Wokuhlunyeliswa Kwezimilo, kuMthetho -11 ka -1998. Umthetho wachitshiyelwa ngo-2001 ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka izinkinga. Lokhu kwaphenya indlela yokusebenza kohlelo oluzophothulwa maduzane engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka ka- 2004.
Yiliphi iqhaza Lesigungu Esengamele Ukuhlunyiswa Kwezimilo Nokudedelwa kweziboshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi?
Izigungu Zokwengamela Ukuhlunyiswa Kwezimilo Nokudedelwa ngoshwele zibhekene nokucubungula izindaba zokudedelwa kweziboshwa nokwenganyelwa kwazo. Kuze kufike esikhathini samanje, lezi zigungu kade zingenawo amandla okuthatha izinqumo ngokudedelwa kweziboshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Okwamanje, Izigungu zenza kuphela izincomo ezihambisana nenqubomgomo ebusayo yokudedelwa kweziboshwa bese izinqumo zithathwa ngabaphathi abaqondene ngqo, isibonelo; yizinhloko zesikhungo sokuhlumisa izimilo, ukhomishani wendawo, Ukhomishani Wesifunda, uNgqongqoshe Wemisebenzi Yokuhlumisa Izimilo kuye ngobucayi becala nobukhulu besigwebo. Umthetho omusha unika Isigungu amandla okuthatha izinqumo ngaphandle kweziwombe zeziboshwa ezidonsa ukudilikelwa yijele nalezo ezithathwa njengeziyingozi lapho Izigungu zenza khona izincomo eziqondiswa enkantolo eyathetha icala, yalahla futhi yakhipha isigwebo.
Okokuqala ukuba umthetho omusha wabele Izigungu Ezengamele Ukuhlumisa Izimilo Nokudedelwa iziboshwa ngoshwele amandla okuthatha izinqumo ngaphandle kwezinqumo ezithinta ukudedelwa kweziboshwa kubantu abathathwa njengeziboshwa eziyingozi ngokulandisa kwesigaba-286A soMthetho Wenqubo Yobugebengu nokuguqula izigwebo zokuboshwa ezimiswe yisigaba-276(A) soMthetho Wenqubo Yobugebengu ngokwenganyelwa kweziboshwa ezidedelwe ngoshwele. Eziwombeni ezichazwe ngenhla, izincomo ziqondiswa ezinkantolo ezakhipha isigwebo ekuqaleni bese zithatha isinqumo. Omunye umehluko yisinqumo sokukhipha ushwele wokudedela isiboshwa usuku noma eziboshweni ezidonsa ukudilikelwa yijele. Kulezi ziwombe, izincomo zedluliselwa ezinkantolo ezakhipha isigwebo bese zithatha isinqumo.
Izigungu ezingama-52 ezisabalele nezwe lonke ziyoba nozihlalo abaphuma emiphakathini. Ozihlalo kuyoba ngamalunga anekhono nafanele ukuqhuba izibophezelo zalo msebenzi nakuba beyoqeqeshwa kanzima ngenqubo nenqubo-mgomo.
Ngaphezulu kosihlalo, kuyoqokwa amalunga amabili okwengezela eSigungwini. Izikhundla zePhini likaSihlalo noNobhala zibekelwe amalunga abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe boMnyango Womsebenzi Wokuhlumisa Izimilo. Isigungu siyophinde sixube omele Umbutho wamaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika nomele Umnyango Wezobulungiswa. Lengxube nokummelwa akuphoqiwe ngoba leminyango inganquma izikhathi lapho iyomelwa noma ingamelwa khona. Esiwombeni esithinta icala elibucayi, omele Umnyango Wezobulungiswa uphoqiwe ukwethula umbiko Esigungwini. Isigungu ngasinye siyosizwa ngabasebenzi ababili bomnyango wokuhlumisa izimilo ngosizo lokuphatha nokweseka.
Kwesinye isigameko sokuphambuka kwinqubo yakudala nomzamo wokuhlomulisa abahlukunyezwe wubugebengu, abahlukunyezwe ngamacala athile sebenelungelo lokwenza iziphakamiso eSigungwini nokuhambela izigcawu zeSigungu kuphela uma belalela udaba lwabantu abaphehla abacala aqondiswe kubo. Lokhu kuthathwa njengegxathu elikhulu ekubumbeni nokukhuthaza ubulungiswa bokubuyisana njengenqubo emukelekile, ukwakha nokulamula.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba izigungu ezintsha zokukhipha iziboshwa ngoshwele ziyocubungula izicelo zemikhakha yeziboshwa ethulwa kuzo, imibandela emisha ethinta isikhathi okufanele sidonswe yisiboshwa ngaphambi kokucabanga ushwele iyosebenza kuphela kulabo abagwetshwe ngemuva kokuphasiswa kweZigaba ezifanele zoMthetho. Lokhu kunomthelela wokuthi zonke iziboshwa ezigwetshwe ngaphambi kokuphasiswa kwezigaba ziyobhekelwa ngokulandela umthetho obusayo (Umthetho- 8 ka-1959). Ngamanye amagama, iziboshwa ezigwetshwe esikhathini esidlule ngaphambi kokuphasiswa komthetho omusha akufanele zesabele ukuthi umthetho omusha uyoba nomthelela omubi ngesikhathi okufanele sidonswe ngaphambi kokucatshangelwa ushwele.
Abantu abadalulwa Njengezigebengu Ezijwayele: Ngemuva kokudonsa okungenani iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Umthetho omusha uvumela ukusungulwa kweSigungu Sokwengamela Ukuhlumisa Izimilo Nokubuyekeza Ushwele esibhekele izigameko ezedluliselwe kuzo ngenhloso yokubuyekezwa wuKhomishani noma nguNgqongqoshe Wemisebenzi Yokuhlumisa Izimilo uma benombono wokuthi isinqumo sokuqala seSigungu Sokwengamela Ukuhlumisa Izimilo siphambene noma seqe inqubomgomo kashwele.
Isigungu Sokubuyekeza siyozimela futhi sibunjwe ngamalunga oMkhandlu kaZwelonke Wemisebenzi Yokuhlumisa Izimilo, Umqondisi noma Iphini loMqondisi Wokushushiswa koMphakathi nababili abamele umphakathi. Usihlalo weSigungu Sokubuyekeza kuyoba yiJaji laseNkantolo Ephakeme kanti isinqumo sesigungu siyothathwa njengenqubomgomo ebophezelayo eZigungwini Ezengamele Ukuhlumisa Izimilo Noshwele.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umuntu aqonde izinguquko ezilethwa wumthetho omusha. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, Umnyango uqale umkhankaso wokuqwashisa ohlose ukunikeza ulwazi iziboshwa, abasebenzi bomnyango wokuhlumisa izimilo nomphakathi ngomthelela womthetho omusha.
Izikhangiso eziqondiswe ekubutheni amalunga omphakathi ekusebenzeni njengozihlalo beZigungu noma amalunga okwengezela ziyokhishwa emaphephandabeni. Umnyango ufuna ikhono elithile lomuntu oyosebenza esigungwini. Okokuqala nokusemqoka, kufanele kube ngamalunga ahloniphekile futhi ethembekile emphakathini azethembayo nayoqinisa Izigungu. Kufanele kube ngabantu abakhulile abayaziyo impilo abalungele ukumela izifiso zomphakathi ngesithunzi nokungakhethi.
Osihlalo kufanele kube ngabantu abanekhono elifanele elihlangene nolwazi lokuphatha. Emalungeni okwengezela, asikho isidingo sokugogoda ngemfundo njengoba kudingekile kosihlalo ngoba okubalulekile kubo yisithunzi nokuba ngabantu abahloniphekile emiphakathini abavela kuyo. Umbandela ongaguquki wokuqokwa uyochazwa esikhangisini esivele ephephandabeni.
Wonke amalunga Esigungu ayoqeqeshwa kanzulu ngomthetho nenqubomgomo ebusa izigungu ezengamele ukuhlunyiswa kwezimilo nokukhululwa ngoshwele. Iphini likaSihlalo kuyoba yilunga labasebenzi elivuthiwe, umsebenzi walo obalulekile wukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oluncane lwamalunga amasha aluholeli kwizinqumo nezincomo ezingafanele zeSigungu.
Isiqalile inqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi Isigungu ngasinye siyoba nengqalasizinda efanele yokuqhuba izibophezelo zayo. Amanye amalunga Esigungu ayogxila ezindaweni ezithile kuthi amanye azungeze ezikhungweni ezehlukene zemiphakathi endaweni ethile yokuphatha.
Uyoqala nini umthetho omusha?
Inhloso wukuqalisa umthetho ngomhlaka-1 ku-Mfumfu ka-2004 kodwa isinqumo esingujuqu siyothathwa ngemuva kokuba Umnyango wenelisiwe wukuthi usukulungele ukuphoqelela izimiso zomthetho. Okwaziwa kahle wukuthi noma kanjani kuyoba sengxenyeni yesibili yalo nyaka.
