Hat (Maize) 980 words									IsiZulu
Isigqoko somhlaba – ukuvikela izingcebo zakho
Instructions:
Folio strap: Umhlabathi 
Byline: UJenny Mathews, usihlalo sePhrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi
Grabber: Ukwembesa umhlabathi wakho onemali eningi kungaba into enhle!
Uma sibheka amastathisthiki akhombisa ukuthi ukuvunda komhlabathi lapha eNingizimu Afrika kuyehla sonke isikhathi, futhi inani lezinhlanga ezikhona emhlabathini lapho kulinywa ngemvula kuphela liyehla futhi, kukhona izizathu eziningi zokucabanga ngokutshala isitshalo esizokwembesa umhlabathi, kakhulukazi lapho imvula ingafiki masinya futhi nezindleko ezikhuphukayo njalo kwenza ukuthi ngokwamanje kungavimba umlimi ukutshala ummbila.
Ngokujwayelekile izitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi bezivama ukutshalwa lapho kushintswana izinhlobo zezitshalo, kodwa ngokwamanje abalimi bakhetha ukusebenzisa umanyolo namakhemikheli. Sekuyakhanya ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi ngokwamanje sebayaphenduka ukushintsha ukutshala izinhlobo zezitshalo ukuze kulondolozwe umvelo ngoba kuzoletha usizo ekugcineni nakusasa. 
Usizo lwezitshalo ezembeza umhlabathi
Izizathu zalokhu ziyalandela:
Isimo somhlabathi siyakhula
Isimo somhlabathi sikwazi ukubangcono lapho isitshalo sikwazi ukungenisa izimpande emhlabathini zimile emhlabathini oqinile. Umhlabathi bese uyavuleka uzokwazi ukumunca nokulondola umswakamo. Lapho insimu ingalinywa ngesikhathi eside, umhlabathi wangaphezulu uyaqina, amanzi awakwazi ukungena, ayalahleka nje. Izitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi zivika ukushisa kwelanga njengengubo, futhi zivimba ukuqina komhlabathi, futhi zilondoloza ezinye izilwane njengomsundu osiza ukushintsha izinhlanga zibe ukudla okuzosetshenziswa izitshalo ezizotshalwa ukuthola ukudla nakusasa.
Ukuphatha ukuhebhuka
Izitshalo ezokwembesa zisiza ukunamathelana komhlabathi ukuze ukulahleka komhlabathi ngenxa ukuhebhuka komhlabathi ngamanzi noma ngomoya kuzokwehla kakhulu.
Ukuvunda komhlabthi
Eziningi izitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi zinikeza futhi ukudla okwezomvelo emhlabathini – kungathi ngumanyolo wezomvelo. Lapho utshala khona ngomanyolo okwanele ngesikhathi esithile, kungaba kusale inayithrojeni eningi emhlabathini ngoba kungaba kubekukhona ukoma okubi, futhi awuzange uthole umvuno omuhle, lezi zinto zokudla ezisemhlabathini zingasetshenziswa nangakusasa ngokutshala izitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi ezokusiza ngoba uzoba nedlelo elinokudla okuningi ukumilisa isitshalo esinjengefolishi ngoba kuzobakhona iphothasiyumi nefosfori okufanelekile.
Inkinga evama ukuvela ebalimini yilokhu: ukuswela kokudla emhlabathini, kakhulukazi ukudla okufuna neN neP. Lokhu kungalungiswa kalula ngomanyolo ofanelekile, kodwa kaningi umlimi olima endaweni encane akakwazi ukuthenga lowo manyolo, bese ukushintsha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwayo nokunye okuzokwembesa umhlabathi kuzolondoloza umvundo womhlabathi futhi akunazo izindleko eziningi. Sonke siyavuma ukuthi ukutshala ama”cow pea” ngokushintshana nommbila ehlobo, umvuno uzokhuphuka, umvundo komhlabathi uzokhuphuka futhi izindleko zokufaka umanyolo uzokwehla.
Ukuphatha ukhula
Ukumila okukhulu kwezitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi njenge-ama”cow pea” noma uthefu zivikela ukushisa kwelanga futhi zivimba ukuthi ukhula lumile kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza ukudla
Ngesinye isikhathi lapho kutshalwa khona izitshalo njenge”cow peas” (akkerboontjies) nethefu (eragrostis tef), lezi zitshalo zisiza isimo somhlabathi lapho izitshalo zingalethi inzuzo masinya, kodwa zisiza umlimi ngoba zimnikeza ukudla ukufuya izimfuyo zakhe ngesikhathi esomile esiphambili.
Izindleko zentilansipoti
Ngokwejwayelekile izitshalo eziningi zibiza izindleko zentilansipoti ukuzihambisa lapho zitshalwe ziye lapho zithengiswa khona, kodwa izitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi azibizi leyo mali ngoba zisetshenziswa lapho zitshalwe khona.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi
Kufanele kukhethwe uhlobo lwesitshalo esizombeza umhlabathi esizwana nendlela umlimi elima ngayo. Kufanele kubuzwe imibizo elandelayo:
Sizotshalwa nini?
Kuqondwe ukwenzani ngalowo umvuno?
Yiziphi izitshalo ezivama ukumila kahle endaweni lapho endaweni lapho ngilima khona?
Le nsimi idinga isitshalo esinjani esizokwembesa umhlabathi? Khumbula ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zizitshalo (legume) zandisa inani lenayithroyeni emhlabathini ngoba zimunca lokhu emoyeni, kodwa izitshalo ezinge-“legume” zizosebenzisa inayithroyeni elikhona emhlabathini.
Ama”legume” ayizitshalo njengobhontshisi woshukela, usoya, ilusene, uphizi, njll. Izitshalo ezingasuye ama”legume” ayizitshalo njengothefu, utshani, ukolo, ifoliji, noledishi.
Uphizi lezinkomo (Vigna sinensis)
Uphizi lezinkomo lutshalwa ehlobo futhi lunamandla ukuvika ukuma nokushisa. Luyimvelakanye ngomnyaka futhi lukhula luze lufike ku-80 cm, lunezimpande ezinamabdla. Lusiza isimo somhlabathi ngoba lungatshalwa emhlabathini ongenayo inayithrojeni eningi futhi lumila kahle emhlabathini ongavundile nalowo oyisihlabathi. Aludingi umanyolo kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lenza ukudla okuhle okungadliwa ngabantu nezilwane ngoba amakhasi, izimbewu nezinhlanga kunokudla okuningi. Lolu phizi futhi lungomiswa lubekwe isikhathi eside.
Ukubheka uthefu (Eragrostis Tef)
Lesitshalo sakha idlelo elihle lapho sitshalwe khona, simila masinye, sithatha amaviki angu-8 - 12 ukuvuthwa kodwa siyimvelakanye ngomnyaka. Simila kahle ehlobo futhi sithanda umhlabathi omunceka masinya. Ithefu lembesa umhlabathi kahle futhi uma limila kahle lizovimba ukumila kokhula. Lisebenziswa kakhulu njengefolishi ukufuya impahla futhi lingakwazi ukusikwa kabili ngomnyaka owodwa. Kufunale kusikwe ngaphambi izimbewu zivuthwa.
Isigcino
Maningi amathuba avelayo lapho kushintshwa izitshalo ngokutshala izitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi futhi uma umlimi evinjwa ukutshala izitshalo ezivamekile ukuthola inzuzo ehlobo nosizo luzobonakala kusasa. Emhlabeni jikelele abakhiqizi bathi ukutshala izitshalo ezembesa umhlabathi babiza lokhu “isigqoko somhlaba” ngoba zilondoloza ukuvunda komhlabathi. Kuyakhanya ukuthi ukwembesa umhlabathi wakho kungaba into enhle ekugcineni!
