Izindawo eziveza uphawu lwezinkanyezi ezinhlanu zisho izihlinzeko ezeqiwe eziyofakwa ngoMthethosivivinywa wokuChibiyela. Lowo Mthethosivivinywa uyodingidwa ngokulandelainqubo enqunywe yisigaba 76 soMthethosisekelo - ngendlela echazwe endimeni 1 yeMemolandamu ethinta Izinhloso zoMthethosivivinywa.
Ukuchaza amalungelo nezibophezelo zeZingane njengoba equkethwe wuMthethosisekelo; ukuchaza inkambiso ephathelene nokunakekelwa nokuvikelwa kweZingane; ukuchaza amalungelo nezibophezelo zabazali; ukwengeza ngeminye imibandela ephathelene nezinkantolo zeZingane; ukuhlinzekela ukukhishwa kwezinqumo zesondlo; ukuhlinzekela uhlelo lweZingane ezitholwayo; ukuhlinzekela iZingane ezitholwa kwamanye amazwe; ukuqalisa Isivumelwane saseHague esiqondene nokuTholwa kweZingane Kwamanye amazwe; ukunqanda ukuthunjwa kweZingane nokuqalisa Isivumelwane saseHague esiqondene nokuHlukunyezwa KweZingane Emazweni omhlaba; ukuhlinzekela isimo somama ongesiye owegazi; ukudala ezinye iziwombe ezikleliswe njengamacala maqondana neZingane kanye nokuhlinzekea izindaba ezincikile.
NALAPHO., Inhlangano yeZizwe imemezele khona ngeSivumelwene saMazwe Omhlaba esithinta Amalungelo Esintu ukuthi iZingane zinelungelo lokunakekelwa nokusizwa ngendlela ehlukile.
d ukuqoqa ulwazi ngesicelo esihlongozwayo sokuthola ingane ngendlela ehlonzwe esigabeni 237; kanjalo e nombiko ohlonzwe esigabeni 2391.
i onguchwepheshe emisebenzini yokuthola iZingane ezitholiwe obhaliswe ngaphansi koMthetho Wochwepheshe bezeNhlalakahle, 1978 Umthetho No.
isivumelwane sokusebenza ngeZingane ezitholiwe, ngokwenhloso yesahluko 16, sisho isivumelwane esibhaliwe esisayinwe yinhlangano ebhalisiwe yokuvikela iZingane ngaphansi kwesigaba 259 soMthethosisekelo weRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika nenye elinganayo yakwelinye izwe ngenhloso yokugqugquzela umsebenzi wokugcina iZingane ezitholiwe phakathi kwezwe laseNingizimu Afrika nelinye elithintekayo.
g ingane ehlala emndenini onganyelwe yingane lapho ingane eyinhloko isebenza njengomuntu oyibhekile.
a eMnyangweni kaZwelonke noma emnyangweni wesifundazwe wentuthuko yezenhlalakahle; noma b enhlanganweni emiselwe ukuvikela iZingane; noma c kumasipala.
e ukusetshenziswa kwengane okungavunyelwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 141; kanye f nokucuya izingxenye ezithile zomzimba.
Umthetho wabaXazululi eziNdabeni Ezithile zokweHlukanisa Umshado uchaza Umthetho olawula ngokuxazulula izindaba ezithintana nokwehlukanisa abantu abashadile ka 1987 Umthetho No.
udokotela, uchaza usolwazi wezempilo obhalisiwe noma othathwe njengalowo obhaliselwe ukwenza umsebenzi wokwelapha ngaphansi koMthetho Wongoti Bezempilo ka 1974 Umthetho No.
ukwazisa mayelana nanoma yisiphi isaziso, incwadi noma enye inqubo ngokulandisa kwalo Mthetho, kuchaza ukwethula leso saziso, incwadi noma enye inqubo ngokuhambisana nenqubo ehlinzekelwe ukwethula inqubo ngokulandisa koMthetho Wenkantolo yeziMantshi ka 1944 Umthetho No.
uchwepheshe womsebenzi wenhlalakahle uhlanganisa izisebenzi ezibhekele umuntu ongakaqashwa ngokuphelele, abasebenzi bezentuthuko, abasebenzi abanakekela iZingane nentsha kanye nabasebenzi bokuphepha kwinhlalakahle ababhaliswe ngale ndlela ngaphansi koMthetho Wochwepheshe beMisebenzi yezeNhlalakahle ka 1978 Umthetho No.
Isisekelo seSivumelwane seNhlangano yeZizwe sokuNqanda ukuHweba ngaBantu sichaza iNqubo yeNhlangano yeZizwe eNqanda, eCindezela neJezisa Ukuhweba Ngabantu, ikakhulu beSifazane neZingane eseka Isivumelwane sika 2000 seNhlangano yeZizwe esilwisana noBugebenzu Obuhleliwe Obuxhante emazweni , umbhalo ofanayo wesiNgisi otholakala kuSheduli 3.
Ngaphezu kwencazelo enikwe amagama "ukulonda", "ukufinyelela" kunoma yimuphi umthetho nomthetho ovamile, amagama "ukulonda nokufinyelela" kunoma yimuphi umthetho kufanele kuthathwe njengencazelo "yokunakekela kanye nokuxhumana ngendlela echazwe kulo Mthetho.
Kulo Mthetho, igama noma isisho esithathelwe egameni noma kwisisho esichazwe esigatshaneni 1, sinencazelo efanayo ngaphandle uma ingqikithi ikhomba ukuthi kunenye incazelo ehlosiwe.
Noma yikuphi okuqhubekayo okuqubuke ngemuva kokusebenza koMthetho wokuChibiyela ezokuPhatha ka 1929 Umthetho 9 ka 1929, Umthetho wokweHlukanisa Umshado, Umthetho weSondlo, Umthetho woDlame lwaseKhaya ka 1998 Umthetho 116 ka 1998 kanye noMthetho weMishado yeNdabuko ka 1998 Umthetho 120 ka 1998, lapho le Mithetho ephathelene neZingane ingeke yadingidwa enkantolo yeZingane.
i okuvamile, ukukhuthaza isimo sokuvikela nokuthuthukisa izingampilo leZingane.
c nomthetho kamasipala, ukungqubuzana kufanele kuxazululwe ngokulandela isigaba 156 soMthethosisekelo.
Ngenhloso yokuqhuba ngendlela efanele isigatshana 2b, ngokwesigaba 1466 soMthethosisekelo, Ungqongqoshe kufanele ethule yonke imigomo eshaywe ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho nethinta isifundazwe eMkhandlwini kaZwelonke weziFundazwe ukuze uphasiswe.
b umthetho obusa inqubo eyenzeka ezinkantolo zeZingane ngokulandisa kwesigaba 52.
Lo Mthetho kufanele uqaliswe ukusebenza yizinhlaka zikahulumeni emazingeni kazwelonke, ezifundazwe, uma kwenzeka ezinhleni zohulumeni basekhaya kuye ngesigaba esiqondene salo Mthetho nemigomo eyaba iqhaza ngokwehlukana kanye nezibophezelo.
Ngokubheka ukuthi kunezidingo zenhlalonhle nezomnotho ezikhona ezincintisanayo, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwalo Mthetho, uhulumeni kufanele athathe izinyathelo ezifanele ezihambisana nezinsiza ezikhona ukuthola indlela yokufinyelela nokufeza izinhloso zalo Mthetho.
Ukuqhubeka koMthetho ngendlela eqondwe esigabeni 4, zonke izinhlaka zikahulumeni ezingeni likazwelonke, ezifundazweni nakohulumeni basekhaya abazibandakanya nokunakekela, ukuvikela nezingampilo leZingane kufanele babambisane ekuthuthukiseni ngendlela ebumbene nehlose ukuhlanganisa nokudidiyela izinsiza ezithulwa eZinganeni.
b yonke inqubo, izenzo nezinqumo ezithathwe yizinhlaka zikahulumeni ngalo lonke udaba oluthinta ingane noma iZingane jikelele.
f ukwemukela isimo sokukhubazeka kwengane nokubumba isimo esivuna izidingo ezahlukile zomntwana.
Uma kufezeka intshisekelo yengane, umndeni wengane kufanele unikwe ithuba lokuzwakalisa imibono nganoma yiluphi udaba oluqondene nengane.
Ngokubhekela iminyaka, ukuvuthwa komqondo nesigaba sentuthuko nomuntu onezibophezelo zobuzali namalungelo athinta ingane kufanele aziswe ngezinyathelo noma ngesinqumo esithathwe odabeni oluthinta nolungayiphazamisa kanzulu.
Kulesi sigaba "umzali" uhlanganisa noma ngubani onezibophezelo namalungelo athinta ingane.
Amalungelo ingane enawo ngokulandisa kwalesi Sigaba engezelela kulawo ingane ewathole kuMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo Esintu.
Zonke izinhlaka zikahulumeni kuyo yonke imikhakha yakhe kanjalo izisebenzi, izikhulu nabammele leyo mikhakha kufanele bahloniphe, bavikele futhi bakhuthaze amalungelo eZingane aqukethwe yilesi Sahluko.
Umbandela ongaphansi kwalo Mthetho ubophezela umuntu ngempela kanjalo nesakhiwo esimiswe ngumthetho, kuye ngesimo ngasinye lapho kubhekelwa khona uhlobo lwelungelo nomsebenzi ogixabezwe yilelo lungelo.
Kuzo zonke izindaba eziqondene nokunakekela, ukuvikela nenhlalonhle yengane, iqophelo lentshisekelo yengane kufanele liphakanyiselwe phezulu.
Yonke ingane eneminyaka, enomqondo ovuthiwe nefinyelele ezingeni elifanele lokukhula namandla okubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo kwinqubo yobulungiswa noma emthethweni odabeni oluyithintayo inelungelo lokubamba iqhaza elifanele. Imibono ezwakaliswa yingane kufanele ilalelwe.
d ukuhlinzeka ingane nalowo oyinika uthando ngezinsiza ezifanele zokweseka.
c nokuhlinzeka ingane ngezinsiza ezifanele zokweseka.
Yonke ingane inelungelo lokungenziswa imikhuba yenhlalonhle namasiko eyingozi empilweni, esithunzini nakwinhlalo yayo.
Ukulimaza izitho zangasese zowesifazane noma ukusoka komuntu wesifazane njengesiko akuvunyelwe.
c ngendlela enqunyiwe.
Imiphumela yesivivinyo sokuhlola ubuntombi ayivunyelwe ukudalulwa ngaphandle kwemvume yengane.
Umzimba wengane ekade ihlolelwa ubuntombi akufanele ushaywe uphawu.
a ukusoka kwenziwa ngenhloso yezenkolo ngendlela ehambisana nemikhuba yezenkolo eqondene nangendlela enqunyiwe; noma b ukusoka kwenziwa ngezizathu zempilo ngemuva kwezincomo zikadokotela.
c ngendlela enqunyiwe.
Ngokubhekela iminyaka, ukuvuthwa komqondo nesigaba sengane, yonke ingane inelungelo lowenqaba ukusokwa.
d lemfihlo mayelana nesimo sempilo yayo kanjalo nesomzali, oyinakekelayo noma ilunga lomndeni ngaphandle uma leyo mfihlo ingafezi kahle izidingo noma ihlomulise ingane.
Ulwazi olunikwa iZingane ngaphansi kwalesi sigatshana kufanele luqondane futhi luhlelwe ngendlela elula ukutholwa yiZingane ngemuva kokucabangela izidingo zeZingane ezikhubazekile.
Yonke ingane inelungelo lokuletha nokusizwa ekuletheni udaba phambi kwenkantolo yeZingane, inqobo uma udaba lungaphansi komngcele namandla aleyo nkantolo.
Noma ngubani obhalwe kulesi sigaba, unelungelo lokuya enkantolo enamandla lapho engazwakalisa khona isikhalo sokuthi ilungelo eliqukethwe kuMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo Esintu noma loMthetho lephuliwe noma lisengcupheni, kanjalo ukudalulwa kwamalungelo.
Yonke ingane inesibophezelo esifanele esihambisana nobudala bengane namandla ayo ngomndeni, ngomphakathi, ngohulumeni nemiphakathi emukelwe ngokomthetho ngokunjalo nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba.
Ingane, akukhathalekile ukuthi ngeyesilisa noma ngeyesifazane ingena ezingeni lobudala bese iphenduka umuntu okwazi ukuzithathela izinqumo lapho seyifike eminyakeni engu 18.
Umuntu angaba nezibophezelo noma amalungelo agcwele noma athile mayelana nengane.
c ukuzishaya unogada wengane; kanye d nokufaka isandla ekondleni ingane.
v imvume yokugodla igunya nokudla impahla yengane enganyakaziyo.
Uma kukhona umgadi noma ngaphezulu koyedwa abaqondene nengane, omunye nomunye unamandla okwengamela, kuye ngokulandela kwabo isigatshana 5, eminye imithetho noma isinqumo senkantolo enegunya ebeka ngokwehlukile lapho abagadi bengane bengathatha khona isinqumo ngokwabo nangaphandle kwemvume yomunye noma baqhube izibophezelo eziqutshulwe yilawo mandla obugadi bengane.
Ngaphandle uma inkantolo ilawula ngenye indlela, ibalulekile imvume yabo bonke abathintekayo ekulawuleni ingane maqondana nezindaba ezimiswe esigatshaneni 3c.
Umama wengane, akukhathalekile ukuthi uganile noma akaganile unezibophezelo namalungelo agcwele ngengane.
b ubaba wengane engenalo igunya lokugada leyo ngane, lowo osaphethe noma ogade unina wengane uyothathwa njengomgadi wengane.
Lesi sigaba asisebenzi enganeni ezalwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwane sokuzalelana ingane.
nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi kokukhulelwa nokuzalwa kwengane.
efaka isandla noma ezama ngokwethembeka ukusiza ezindlekweni ezixhumana nesondlo sengane isikhathi esibonakalayo.
Lesi sigaba asiphazamisi isibophezelo sikababa ngesikhathi efaka isandla sokondla ingane yakhe.
a Uma kunengxabano phakathi kobaba weqiniso oqondwe esigatshaneni 1 noma wengane mayalana nokufezwa kwemibandela emiswe esigatshaneni 1a noma b, udaba kufanele lwedluliselwe kummeli womndeni, kusonhlalakahle kungoti wezenhlalakahle noma komunye onekhono elifanele ukuze ixazululwe.
b Noma ngubani othintekayo esinyathelweni sokuxazulula engadlulisela umphumela enkantolo ukuze uyobuyekezwa.
Lesi sigaba sisebenza ngaphandle kokukhetha ukuthi ingane izalwe ngaphambili noma ngemva kokuqala kwalo Mthetho.
Ngokuhambisana nesigatshana , umama wangempela wengane noma omunye umuntu onezibophezelo namalungelo maqondana nengane angenza isivumelwane lapho efuna khona ukuthola lezo zibophezelo namalungelo aqondene nengane ngendlela eyobekwa kuleso sivumelwane.
b noma ngubani omunye onentshisekelo yokunakekela, yenhlalonhle nentuthuko yengane.
Umama noma omunye umuntu onesibophezelo namalungelo aqondene nengane angedlulisa kuphela ngesivumelwane kulowo ohlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 izibophezelo namagunya anawo lowo muntu ngesikhathi bephothula leso sivumelwane.
Isivumelwane sesibophezelo namalungelo obuzali kufanele sigcwaliswe efomini eqokiwe futhi sibandakanya imininingwane ethile.
Ngaphambi kokubhalisa isivumelwane sezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali noma ukwenza isivumelwane sezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali sibe yisinqumo senkantolo, ummeli womndeni noma inkantolo eqondene kufanele izenelise ukuthi isivumelwane sezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali sifeza ngempela intshisekelo yengane.
somunye umuntu egameni lentshisekelo yengane ngemuva kokuthola imvume yenkantolo.
somunye umuntu egameni lentshisekelo yengane ngemuva kokuthola imvume yenkantolo.
Yinkantolo ePhakeme kuphela engaqinisekisa, ichibiyele noma iqede isivumelwane sezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali aqondene nesikhundla sokubheka noma sokugada ingane.
lapho eyonakekela khona ingane.
e amanye amaphuzu inkantolo ebona ukuthi kufanele abhekelwe.
b ingamisa isicelo esichazwe ekuqaleni ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile enganqunywa yinkantolo.
Ukuvuna isicelo sokunakekela noma sokuxhumana kumuntu ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba akuphazamisi izibophezelo namalungelo omunye umuntu angaba nakho maqondana naleyo ngane.
Noma ngubani onentshisekelo yokunakekela, yenhlalonhle kanye nokuthuthukisa ingane engafaka isicelo eNkantolo ePhakeme ngenhloso yokuthola isinqumo esivuna ukugada ingane.
c amanye amaphuzu inkantolo ecabanga ukuthi kufanele abhekelwe.
Uma kwenzeka kuvela ukuthi ukhona umuntu osefake isicelo sokugada ingane, lowo ofake isicelo kufanele ethule izizathu zokuthi kungani obheke ingane njengamanje engafanele ukuba ngumgcini wayo.
Uma isicelo senziwa ngaphansi kwesigaba 24 yisakhamizi okungesona esaseNingizimu Afrika ngenhloso yokuba ngumqaphi wengane, isicelo kufanele sithathwe njengaleso sokuthola ingane esixhantele kwelinye izwe ngokwenhloso yeSivumelwane saseHague Sokutholwa KweZingane phakathi kwamazwe neSahluko 16 salo Mthetho.
a kubaba wangempela wengane ezalwe ngokudlwengula noma ngaphandle kwemvume yonina wengane; noma b kumuntu ohlobene nengane kuphela ngesizathu sokuthi wanikela ngesitho sakhe sokumithisa ngesikhathi ingane yakhiwe ngokujova unina noma lowo owayibeletha.
Umzali okunguye kuphela ongumgadi wengane engaqoka umuntu onamandla nofanelekile njengomgadi wengane uma kwenzeka eshona.
b Umzali oyedwa ogunyazwe ukunakekela ingane engaqoka umuntu onamandla nofanelekile ukuba anikwe igunya lokunakekela ingane uma kwenzeka umzali eshona.
Ukuqokwa ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 kufanele kuqukathwe ku-wili eyenziwe ngumzali.
Umuntu oqokwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 uthola igunya lokugada noma lokunakekela ingane, kuye ngesimo ngasinye maqondana nengane a ngemuva kokufa komzali; kanye b nalapho umuntu evume khona ngokubhaliwe noma ngezenzo.
Uma bebabili noma ngaphezulu abantu abaqokelwe ukugada ingane noma abanikwe igunya lokunakekela ingane, oyedwa noma ngaphezulu bengavuma ukuqokwa njengonogada bengane, ngaphandle uma umbandela wokuvuma uchaza ngenye indlela.
b wokwelula noma wokunqinda amandla omuntu othile ezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali lowo muntu othile anawo ngengane.
Isicelo esifakwe ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 singahlanganiswa nesicelo ngokulandisa kwesigaba 23 sokwaba indlela yokuxhumana nokunakekela ingane kulowo ofake isicelo ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
d ngentshisekelo yengane ngomunye umuntu ngemuva kokuthola imvume yenkantolo; noma e ngummeli womndeni noma obambele olunye lwezinhlaka zombuso ezinentshisekelo.
d noma yimaphi amanye amaphuzu , inkantolo ewathola efanelekile.
Isicelo esenziwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 22 (b), 23, 24, 26 (b) noma 28 singethulwa phambi kweNkantolo ePhakeme, enkantolo eqhuba udaba lokwehlukanisa umshado noma enkantolo yeZingane endaweni lapho kuhlala noma kuvame ukuhlala khona ingane noma etholakala khona ngaleso sikhathi.
Isicelo esenziwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 24 sokugada ingane kufanele siqukathe izizathu zokuthi kungani ofaka isicelo engaceli ukuthola ingane.
Inkantolo elalela isicelo esihlonzwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1, ingakhipha imvume ngaphandle kombandela noma ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile ebona ifanele noma ichithe isicelo kodwa isicelo singavunywa kuphela uma lokho kuyosiza futhi kufeza izifiso ezinhle zengane.
Uma kucutshungulwa isicelo esihlonzwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1, inkantolo kufanele iholwe yimigomo ebekwe eSahlukweni 2, kuye ngokuthi leyo migomo iyahambisana nodaba olusezithebeni.
a kwethulwe phambi kwayo umbiko nezincomo zommeli womndeni wasemajajini, usonhlalakahle, usolwazi wengqondo noma uchwepheshe ofanele.
d Ukuba ofake isicelo noma iqembu eliphikisa isicelo likhokhe izindleko zophenyo noma zenkantolo.
b inganquma ukuba amaqembu athintekayo noma elinye lawo noma uhulumeni akhokhe izindleko zokummelwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka kodaba enkantolo, uma kuhlaluka enkantolo ukuthi leyo ngane ethintekayo noma ebandanyekayo odabeni idinga ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa, inkantolo inganquma ukwedlulisa umbuzo wesidingo sokuvikelwa nokunakekelwa kwengane enkantolo yeZingane ukuze ithathe isinqumo ngokulandela isigaba 1552.
Abantu abangaphezulu koyedwa bangaba nezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali bengane eyodwa.
Uma abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu benamalungelo nezibophezelo ezifanayo zobuzali ngengane, omunye nomunye angathatha isinyathelo ngaphandle kwemvume yomunye lapho beqhuba izibophezelo namalungelo ngaphandle kwesimo lapho lo Mthetho noma isinqumo senkantolo sihlinzeka ngenye indlela.
Umuntu obambisene nomunye ngezibophezelo namalungelo ngeke ehlukane noma edlulise lezo zibophezelo namalungelo komunye onawo noma komunye umuntu kodwa ngesivumelwane nalowo abambisene naye emalungelweni nasezibophezelweni engamvumela ukuba asebenzise egameni lakhe elinye noma wonke lawo malungelo nezibophezelo.
Isivumelwane esenziwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 3 asigudluzi amalungelo nezibophezelo zobuzali zomuntu okubanjiswene naye kanti futhi lowo muntu okubanjiswene naye uhlala enamandla nesibophezelo sokuwasebenzisa amalungelo nezibophezelo zakhe.
a Ngaphambi kokuba umuntu onesibophezelo nelungelo lobuzali eliqondene nengane athathe noma yisiphi isinqumo esihlonzwe endimeni b, lowo muntu kufanele azwelane neminye imibono nezifiso ezizwakaliswa ngumuntu onezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali maqondana nengane.
b Isinqumo esiqondwe endimeni a yinoma yisiphi isinqumo okungenzeka siguqule kakhulu noma sibe nomthelela onzulu kulowo abambisene naye ekuqhubeni izibophezelo nelungelo eliqondene nengane.
b avikele ingane ekuphathweni kabi, ekulaxazweni, ekwehlisweni isithunzi, ekubandlululweni, ekuxhashazweni, ekulinyazweni kwenyama noma komqondo noma ezingozini.
Ngokuhambisana nesigaba 129, umuntu ophawulwe esigatshaneni 1 angasebenzisa izibophezelo namalungelo obuzali ngendlela enomqondo nefanele ukuhambisana nalesi sigatshana, kuhlangene nelungelo lokuvumela ukuhlolwa isimo sempilo noma ukwelashwa kwengane uma leyo mvume ingeke itholakale kumzali noma kumbheki wengane.
a azijube njengomzali wegazi noma umzali othole ingane; noma b akhohlise ingane noma omunye umuntu ngokuthi lowo muntu ungumzali woqobo noma wumzali ozikhethele ukuthola ingane.
Ababambisene ngezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali mayelana nengane bengavumelana ngeqhinga lobuzali elinquma ukusebenzisa izibophezelo namalungelo aqondene nengane.
Uma ababambisene ngezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali ngengane behlangabezana nobunzima ekuqhubeni izibophezelo namalungelo, ngaphambi kokufuna umngenela wenkantolo, labo bantu kufanele baqale ngokuvumelana ngeqhinga lobuzali elinquma ukusetshenziswa kwezibophezelo namalungelo afanele athinta ingane.
d nokufunda, inkolo nokukhuliswa kwengane.
Iqhinga lobuzali kufanele lihambisane nesifiso esikhulu seqophelo lengane njengoba libekwe esigabeni 7.
b umxazululi ngosizo luka sonhlalakahle noma omunye umuntu ofanele.
b ngokuhambisana nesigatshana 2, lingabhaliswa nommeli womndeni wasemajajini noma lenziwe isinqumo senkantolo.
bb kasonhlalakahle noma omunye umuntu ofanele ohlonzwe esigabeni 335b ochazayo ukuthi iqhinga labunjwa ngemuva kokugxambukela kwalowo sonhlalakahle noma lowo muntu.
Iqhinga lobuzali elibhaliswe nommeli womndeni lingachitshiyelwa noma liqedwe ngummeli womndeni ngemuva kwesicelo somunye wababambisene ngezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali futhi oyingxenye yeqhinga.
c somuntu othile obhekele intshisekelo yengane ngemuva kwemvume yenkantolo.
Isigaba 29 sisebenza esicelweni ngaphansi kwesigatshana 2.
Noma ngubani onakekela noma ogcine ingane, ngendlela ephikisana nesinqumo sanoma iyiphi inkantolo noma esiphikisana nesivumelwane sezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali esiqale ngendlela ehlonzwe yisigaba 22 , onqabela omunye umuntu onegunya lokufinyelela enganeni noma ogodle izibophezelo namalungelo aqondene naleyo ngane ngaphansi kwaleso sinqumo noma isivumelwane sokuqhuba igunya lesibophezelo noma lamalungelo, uyotholwa ephula umthetho futhi uma elahlwa yicala uyohlawuliswa noma agwetshwe isikhathi esingedluli enyakeni.
a Umuntu onakekela noma ogcine ingane lapho omunye umuntu ekwazi khona ukufinyelela kuleyo ngane noma egodle igunya lezibophezelo namalungelo aqondene naleyo ngane ngokulandisa kwesinqumo sanoma iyiphi inkantolo noma ngesivumelwane sezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali ngendlela ehlonzwe esigatshaneni 1, kufanele lapho eguqula ikheli lokuhlala azise ngokushesha ngendlela ebhaliwe lowo muntu omunye ngezinguquko ezikhona.
b Umuntu ohluleka ukuhambisana nendima a wephula umthetho futhi engajeziswa ngenhlawulo noma aboshwe isikhathi esingedluli enyakeni owodwa.
Uma kwenzeka odabeni olusezithebeni zomthetho okudingidwa kulo udaba lomuntu othile ongubaba wengane eyazalwa ngaphandle komshado, umthetho uveza ubufakazi bokuthi lowo muntu wahlangana ngokocansi nonina wengane ngesikhathi okwamithwa ngaso ingane, uma bungekho ubufakazi obuphikisayo lowo muntu kufanele athathwe njengobaba woqobo wengane.
Uma kwenzeka odabeni olusezithebeni zomthetho lapho kudingidwa khona udaba lobuzali, kuvela ubufakazi obuvunayo noma obuphikisayo bokuthi iqembu elithile elithintekayo odabeni lenqabile ukuzethula ekuthatheni isampula legazi ngenhloso yokwenza izivivinyo zobuchwepheshe obuphathelene nengane, inkantolo ingafinyelela esinqumweni esifanele, ibhekele isidingo esikhulu sengane.
Ngokwayo yonke inhloso, ingane ezalwe ngabazali abashade ngemuva kokuzalwa kwayo kufanele ithathwe njengezalwe sebeshadile.
Isigatshana 1 sisebenza nakuba abazali bengeke bathathwe njengabantu ababeshade ngokusemthethweni ngesikhathi ikhulelwa noma izelwe ingane.
Amalungelo engane ekhulelwe noma ezalwe ngaphansi komshado ongekho emthethweni ngeke zithinteke ngokuchithwa komshado.
Awukho umshado ongekho emthethweni ongachithwa kuze kufike isikhathi lapho inkantolo efanele yenze uphenyo nokucubungula indlela yokuphephisa amalungelo nezifiso zengane etholwe kulowo mshado.
Isigaba 6 soMthetho Wokwehlukanisa Umshado nesigaba 4 soMthetho Wokuxazulula Izindaba Ezithile Zokwehlukanisa Umshado sihambisana nezinguquko ezifanele ngokwengqikithi sisebenza ngengane kube sengathi udaba olusematheni lwalwenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo sokwehlukanisa umshado nokunikwa nokuchithwa komshado kwakhishwa ngesinqumo sesehlukaniso somshado.
Isigaba 8 1 no 2 soMthetho Wokwehlukanisa Umshado sihambisana nezinguquko ezifanele ezidingwa yingqikithi yesimo, siyasebenza esinqumweni sokummiswa noma sokuguqulwa kwesinqumo sesondlo noma esinqumweni esiphathelene nokunakekela noma sokuqapha, ukufinyelela enganeni noma ukummiswa kwesinqumo sokondla noma esinqumweni esiphathelene nokufinyelela enganeni esithathwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 3.
b mayelana nokummisa, ukuphendula noma ukuguqula isinqumo ngokulandisa koMthetho Wokwehlukanisa Umshado kufanele kuthathwe njengokuqondwe ekummiseni, ekuphenduleni noma ekuguquleni leso sinqumo ngaphansi kwalowo Mthetho njengoba usetshenziswe esigatshaneni 4.
Ngokwenhloso yalo Mthetho, ubaba wengane ekhulelwe emshadweni ongekho emthethweni nalapho lowo mshado uchithwe khona, lowo baba ubekwa kwisimo esifanayo nobaba wengane ohlukanisile nomama womntwana.
Esiwombeni lapho umkhiqizo wokuzalisa womuntu othile ngaphandle komuntu oshadile noma ubambo lwakhe lusetshenziswe ngemvume yabo bobabili abashadikazi ngenhloso yokumithisa omunye wabo, ingane etholwe ngaphansi kohlelo lokwakhiwa kwengane ngomjovo, ngokwazo zonke izinhloso, leyo ngane kufanele ithathwe njengengane yabashadikazi uma umkhiqizo wokuzalisa wabashadikazi usetshenziselwe ukwakha ingane ngendlela echezile kwejwayelekile yokulalana kodwa kusetshenziswe lokufakwa koketshezi ngendlela yobuciko.
b Ngokwenhloso yendima a, kufanele kuthathwe ngokuthi abashadikazi bavumelene ngesenzo sokuthola ingane ngobuciko, kuze kube khona ubufakazi obuphikisayo.
Ngokuhambisana nesigaba 296, uma umkhiqizo wokuzalisa womuntu othile usetshenziswe ekumithiseni ngobuciko umuntu wesifazane lapho lowo muntu evume khona ngokubhaliwe, ingane ezalwe yilowo muntu wesifazane ngenxa yobuciko kufanele ngokwayo yonke inhloso ithathwe njengengane yalowo muntu wesifazane.
b lowo muntu engumkhwenyana womuntu wesifazane ngesikhathi efakwa umkhiqizo wokukhulelwa.
b noma yiluphi ulwazi oluthinta imvelaphi yabazali bayo, inqobo uma ingane seyineminyaka evile ku 18.
Ulwazi oludalulwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 akufanele luqagule isiqu somuntu okwasetshenziswa umkhiqizo wakhe wokumithisa ngobuciko noma isiqu somama ongayibelethanga ngempela ingane.
Umqondisi-Jikelele weZempilo noma omunye umuntu ochazwe ngumgomo angafuna umuntu athole iseluleko ngaphambi kokudalula ulwazi oluchazwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1.
Ngokwenhloso yalo Mthetho, zonke izinkantolo zezimantshi njengoba zichazwe kuMthetho Wezinkantolo Zomantshi ka 1944 (Umthetho No. 32 ka 1944) ziyoba yizinkantolo zeZingane futhi ziyoba namandla okuqula noma yiluphi udaba oluqubuke ekusetshenzisweni kwalo Mthetho lapho yengamele khona.
Zonke izimantshi ziyoba ngabasebenzi bokwengamela izinkantolo zeZingane futhi imantshi yokwengezela iyoba yiphini lesiphathimandla senkantolo yeZingane kumaziphathe lapho iyimantshi, ingeyokwengezela noma yiphini lemantshi.
Ngokwenhloso yalo Mthetho futhi ngemuva kokubonisana nenhloko ephethe isifunda echazwe esigabeni 1 soMthetho weziNkantolo zeziMantshi ka 1944 Umthetho 32 1944, Ungqongqoshe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo engaqoka imantshi noma imantshi yokwengezela njengesiphathimandla sokwengamela inkantolo yeZingane, ngokusebenzisa imithombo evele ikhona.
Isiphathimandla esengamele inkantolo yeZingane siyoqhuba leyo misebenzi ngaphansi kweso leNhloko yezokuphatha esifundeni ngendlela echazwe esigabeni 1 soMthetho weziMantshi ka 1944 Umthetho 32 ka 1944.
Isiphathimandla esingamele inkantolo yeZingane kufanele yeze leyo misebenzi engase yabelwe sona yilo Mthetho noma eminye.
Ngenhloso yokunika amandla agcwele okusebenza kwalo Mthetho, izimantshi noma lezo zokwengezela zingamiswa njengeziphathimandla ezingamele izinkantolo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Ngemuva kokubonisana neNhloko yokuphatha isifunda, Ungqongqoshe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo ngesaziso seGazethe uyoqagula imingcele imingcele yenkantolo ngayinye yeZingane ekanise kuleso sifunda sokuphatha.
b evumela isimo sokukhululeka lapho kuqhutshwa udaba lapho wonke umuntu ekwazi khona ukubamba iqhaza ngokukhululeka, ngaphandle kokululaza isithunzi senkantolo.
Inkantolo yeZingane ihlala endaweni engaphansi kwesifunda noma isifundazwe ngendlela eqokwe ngayo nguNgqongqoshe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo njengenkantolo yeZingane.
Ukushicilelwa kwesaziso esiqondwe esigatshaneni 7 akuphazamisi okuqhubekayo osekuqaliwe noma kungakaphethwa ngesikhathi soshicilelo.
Inkantolo yeZingane yinkantolo yemibhalo egciniwe futhi inegunya elifanayo nenkantolo kamantshi yezinga lesifunda.
Uma kungacaci kahle ukuthi iyiphi inkantolo enamandla odabeni oluthile, inkantolo yeZingane okwethulwa kuyo udaba lwengane inamandla ekudingideni udaba.
k Noma yiluphi olunye udaba oluphathelene nokunakekela, ukuvikela nenhlalonhle yengane ehlinzekwe kulo Mthetho.
a ingaqulisa noma ibeke icala umuntu ngokwehluleka ukuhambisana nesinqumo senkantolo yeZingane noma ngokwephula umyalelo wenkantolo.
Kuze kubunjwe inkantolo yomndeni wuMthetho wesiPhalamende, Inkantolo ePhakeme Nezinkantolo Zokwehlukanisa Umshado zinamandla azimele okwengamela lezi zindaba ezilandelayo ezihlonzwe kulo Mthetho.
Kulo Mthetho, akukho okuyothathwa njengokunciphisa amandla eziNkantolo eziPhakeme njengababheki abaphezulu bazo zonke iZingane.
Inkantolo yeZingane ingahoxisa, immise noma ichibiyele noma yimuphi umyalelo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 noma ifake umyalelo omusha esikhundleni somdala.
Uma kuvela enkantolo ethile ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kodaba ukuthi ingane ebandanyekayo odabeni idinga ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa okuphawulwe esigabeni 50, inkantolo inganquma ukuba umbuzo wokuthi ingane idinga usizo nokuvikelwa lwedluliselwe enkantolo yeZingane ukuze kukhishwe isinqumo ngalo.
Inkantolo ekhipha isinqumo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 noma 2 ingakhipha umyalelo wokuthi ingane igcinwe endaweni ephephile okwesikhashana uma kuvela enkantolo ukuthi ukuphepha nenhlalonhle yengane kusemqoka.
Ngokwenhloso yalo Mthetho, inkantolo yeZingane ingalinganisa ngendlela eqokiwe iminyaka yomuntu obonakala eyingane.
d nohlobo lwamahlebezi enziwe ngamaqembu athintekayo odabeni.
b ethule enkantolo umbiko ohambisana nezincomo.
b ngokulandela imiyalelo nemibandela ekhishwe yisinqumo senkantolo.
d ukufeza umyalelo othile okhishwe yinkantolo.
Ngaphezulu kwamandla anikwe iphoyisa loMbutho Wamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika ka 1995 Umthetho No.
f lingaqhuba noma yimuphi umyalelo wenkantolo.
Iphoyisa eliqondwe esigatshaneni 4 lingasebenzisa indluzula engase idingkee ekunqobeni isimo sokulenqabela lingene emagcekeni noma lifune ubufakazi obuhlonzwe esigatshaneni 4 a, kuhlanganisa ukwephula umnyango noma ifasitela laleyo ndawo: Inqobo uma lelo phoyisa liqale ngokuzethula ngendlela ezwakala kahle ngenhloso yalo yokungena ngaphakathi nokwexwayisa ngokuthi lifuna ukungena ngaphakathi emagcekeni.
Noma yiliphi iqembu elithintekayo odabeni oluphambi kwenkantolo yeZingane lingafaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isikhalo esiphikisana nomyalelo noma ngokwenqatshwa komyalelo, noma esiphikisa ukuguqula, ukummiswa noma ukubuyekezwa kwalowo myalelo wenkantolo yiNkantolo ePhakeme enamandla okulawula.
Isikhalo esedluliswayo esiphawulwe esigatshaneni 1 kufanele sibhalwe bese sishushiswa sengathi yisikhalo esiphikisana nesigwebo selungelo esikhishwe yinkantolo kamantshi, ngokuhambisana nesigaba 45 2c.
Ngaphandle kwalapho kuhlinzekwe khona kulo Mthetho, imibandela yoMthetho Wezinkantolo zeziMantshi ka 1944 (Umthetho No. 32 ka 1944) neminye imithetho eshaywe ngaphansi kwawo kanjalo nemithetho engaphansi koMthetho weMigomo Yezigungu Zezinkantolo Zomthetho ka 1985 (Umthetho No.
b ukusetshenziswa kwabahumushi abafanele nabaqeqeshelwe lo msebenzi.
Ngaphandle uma kuhlinzekwe ngenye indlela kulo Mthetho, noma ngubani obhalwe kulesi sigaba, kuhlangene nengane angabikela umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane udaba olusemandleni enkantolo yeZingane ngenhloso yokuba lwedluliselwe enkantolo yeZingane.
Umuntu oyingxenye yodaba oluphambi kwenkantolo yeZingane unelungelo lokuqoka ummeli wakhe okufanele amkhokhele ngokwakhe.
1 Lapho ingane ebandanyeka khona odabeni olusezithebeni zenkantolo kodwa engenaye ummeli, futhi inkantolo inombono wokuthi ukumelwa kuyohambisana kahle nentshisekelo yengane, kufanele inkantolo yedlulise udaba eBhodini yaBosizo loMthetho elichazwe yisigaba 2 soMthetho woSizo Lomthetho ka 1969 Umthetho 22 ka 1969.
Ibhodi kufanele idingide udaba oluqondwe esigatshaneni 1 ngendlela ehambisana nesigaba 3B salo Mthetho, sifundwa nezinguquko ezifunwa yingqikithi.
f usonhlalakahle oqokelwe ukusingatha udaba.
Ngemvume ebhalwe ngendlela echaziwe, umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane engacela iqembu elithintekayo odabeni oluphambi kwenkantolo, ilunga lomndeni wengane ebandanyekayo odabeni noma umuntu onenye intshisekelo odabeni ukuba ethamele udaba oluqhubeka enkantolo yeZingane.
Umuntu ohlala nolawula ingane kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi ingane iyaluhambela udaba ngaphandle uma umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane noma inkantolo uqobo inqume ngenye indlela.
Laba bantu abalandelayo banelungelo lokwethula ubufakazi phambi kwenkantolo yeZingane futhi uma bethola imvume yesiphathimandla esengamele inkantolo yeZingane kanjalo ukuphonsa imibuzo ofakazi noma baphendule inkantolo ngesikhathi sempikiswano.
Incwadi yokubizela enkantolo ephawulwe esigatshaneni 1 kufanele inikwe ufakazi kube sengathi yincwadi embizela enkantolo ngenhloso yokwethula ubufakazi noma yokuletha incwadi, umbhalo noma esinye isikhali esibhaliwe esidingwa ecaleni lobugebengu enkantolo yemantshi.
Izigaba 188 no 189 zoMthetho Wenqubo Yobugebengu ka 1977 Umthetho No. 51 ka 1977 ufundwa nezinguquko ezidingwa yingqikithi, ziyasebenza kumuntu obizelwe enkantolo ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 noma ezidingwa yisiphathimandla esengamele ukwethula ubufakazi.
Umuntu obizelwe enkantolo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1a nohambisene nencwadi yokuvela enkantolo unelungelo lokuthola umhlomulo emalini kahulumeni, lowo mhlomulo ulingana nenani elinqunyelwe ofakazi ababizelwe ukuvela enkantolo ngesikhathi sokuqula icala lobugebengu enkantolo yemantshi.
Umuntu obizelwe phambi kwenkantolo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1b noma c akanalungelo lokuthola umhlomulo emalini kahulumeni, ngaphandle kokuba isiphathimandla esengamele sinqume kanjalo.
Uma ingane ikhona enkundleni, inkantolo ingajuba noma ngubani okhona endlini lapho kuthethwa khona udaba aphumele phandle uma leso sinyathelo siyofeza intshisekelo yaleyo ngane.
Odabeni oluthethwa enkantolo kufanele kuzanywe ukuthi inqubo ingabi nemicikilisho eminingi, lwenziwe ngendlela enokukhululeka nesimo esingashubile futhi esikhuthaza ubambiswano nabo bonke ababambe iqhaza odabeni oluqhubekayo.
c angenelele ekubuzweni kwengane uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi ukwenza njalo kuyosiza ingane.
Ingane eyingxenye noma engufakazi odabeni oluphambi kwenkantolo ingabuzwa ngokusebenzisa umuntu ophakathi nendawo ngendlela ehlinzekwe esigabeni 170A soMthetho Wenqubo Yobugebengu ka 1977 Umthetho No. 51 ka 1977 uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi lokhu kuyosiza kakhulu ingane.
i zisuka phansi noma ngesinye isikhathi sekuqhubeka kodaba, inganquma ukuba udaba noma into ethile odabeni iphothulwe ngokwehluka nalapho ingane ingekho khona uma lokho kuyohlomulisa kakhulu ingane.
i kufanele ibhale izizathu zomyalelo okhishwe ngaphansi kwendima d.
f noma yimuphi omunye umuntu ofanele.
ngokwethula umbiko obhaliwe enkantolo.
Umbiko obhaliwe oveza ukuthi uqoqwe wasayinwa ngudokotela, usolwazi wengqondo, ummeli womndeni wasemajajini, usonhlalakahle oqokiwe noma uchwepheshe ovelayo embikweni nokubonakala ukuthi unombono onzulu ngengane noma ngesimo sengane ebandanyekayo odabeni oluphambi kwenkantolo noma mayelana nomuntu obandanyekayo odabeni noma isimo salowo muntu ungemukelwa njengobufakazi bamaqiniso enekwe embikweni, bese kuya ngokuthi isiphathimandla esengamele sinquma kanjani kulandela ukwethulwa kwawo enkantolo ngenhloso yokulalelwa.
Umbiko obhaliwe ohlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 kufanele wethulwe enkantolo yeZingane singakapheli isikhathi esibekiwe, lungakashayi usuku lokulalelwa kodaba.
i lokubuza noma lokuphonsa imibuzo umbhali wombiko mayelana nodaba oluqutshulwe wumbiko; noma ii lokuphikisana nombiko oqukethwe wumqulu.
b isikhathi eside esingedluli ezinsukwini ezingu 30.
isiphathimandla esengamele inkantolo yeZingane singacela noma ngubani ahoxe ngesikhathi lusahlehlisiwe udaba.
b izimo zengane kulandela isinqumo esikhishwe yiyo.
b Noma yinini ngemuva kokukhishwa komyalelo noma kombiko wokwehluleka ukuhambisana nomyalelo oqagulwe esigatshaneni 4, inkantolo ingabizela kuyo noma ngubani obandanyekayo odabeni.
c iphoqelele ukulandelwa komyalelo, uma kudingekile ngokulandela umgudu wokushushisa isimo ngaphansi kwenqubo yobugebengu enkantolo kamantshi noma ilandela isigaba 45 2.
Noma ngubani angabika ukwephulwa komyalelo wenkantolo yeZingane noma amahlebezi esimo esibi sengane kulandela umyalelo wenkantolo, umbiko ungethulwa kumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane okufanele edlulisele esiphathimandleni esengamele udaba ukuze kuthathwe isinqumo ngesinyathelo okufanele sithathwe.
Ngokulandela imibandela yoMthetho Wokukhuthaza Ukufinyelela Elwazini ka 2000 Umthetho No.
c kwalapho kwenzelwa inhloso yokubuyekeza noma kwedluliswa isikhalo; noma d kwalapho kwenzelwa inhloso yokucwaninga ngokweqiniso noma ukubika izigameko emibikweni yezomthetho, inqobo uma kulandelwe imibandela yesigaba 74.
Ngokuhambisana nemithetho ebusa abasebenzi bomphakathi, Umqondisi-Jikelele: eMnyangweni wezoBulungiswa neNtuthuko yoMthethosisekelo, enkantolo ngayinye angaqoka noma ajube isisebenzi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu eMnyangweni noma aqoke oyedwa noma ababili abantu ngendlela nesimo esinqunyiwe babe ngomabhalane basenkantolo yeZingane, laba abaqokiwe kufanele basize inkantolo abatshalwe kuyo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wenkantolo nechazwe kahle kulo Mthetho noma benze okubhalwe emigomweni eshaywe kweminye imithetho.
Uma kwenzeka ngasizathu simbe, umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane engakwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo esifanele noma engaqokwanga umabhalane wenkantolo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1, isiphathimandla esengamele inkantolo yeZingane ingaqoka noma ijube isisebenzi esinekhono eMnyangweni sibambe njengomabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane isikhathi eside kuze kuvalwe isikhala noma lowo oqokelwe isikhundla sokuba ngumabhalane esekwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ohlonzwe esigatshaneni 1, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Ngenhloso yokuba lo Mthetho usebenza ngokuphelele, umuntu angaqokelwa umsebenzi wokuba ngumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane enkantolo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Uma umabhalane wenkantolo enombono wokuthi ingane idinga ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa, umabhalane wenkantolo kufanele adlulise udaba kusonhlalakahle oqokelwe ukwenza uphenyo ngaphansi kwesigaba 155.
Imbizo yokulalela udaba ngaphambi kokungena enkantolo akufanele ibanjwe odabeni olubandakanya ukuxhashazwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwengane.
Ingane ethintekayo odabeni ingaluhambela futhi ibambe iqhaza embizweni ngaphandle uma inkantolo yeZingane inquma ngenye indlela.
b inganquma indlela yokugcina imibhalo yanoma yisiphi isivumelwane amaqembu afinyelele kuso kanjalo amaqiniso avele embizweni okufanele aziswe inkantolo.
c Ingacubungula umbiko ngembizo ngesikhathi sekulalelwe udaba.
Inkantolo yeZingane ingadala ukuba imbizo yethimba lomndeni ibunjwe kanye neqembu elithintekayo odabeni olulethwe noma okufanele lwedluliselwe enkantolo yeZingane, kuhlangene nelinye ilunga lomndeni wengane, ukuze kutholakale izisombululo zenkinga ethinta umntwana.
c icubungule umbiko ngembizo ngesikhathi sekulalelwe udaba.
Uma zivuma izimo, inkantolo ingedlulisa udaba olulethiwe noma oluqondiswe enkantolo yeZingane esigungwini esifanele esingabandakanya umkhandlu wendabuko, lokho kwenziwa njengomzamo wokuxazulula udaba ngaphandle kwesinqumo senkantolo.
Izigungu zangaphandle kwenkantolo akufanele zibanjwe odabeni oluthinta ukuxhashazwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwengane.
a inganquma indlela yokugcina imibhalo yesivumelwane amaqembu afinyelele kuso namaqiniso avele kuleyo ngqungquthela okufanele aziswe inkantolo.
b acubungule umbiko ngokuqhubeke esigungwini sangaphandle kwenkantolo ngesikhathi kulalelwe udaba.
Uma amaqembu exoxa udaba futhi kufinyelelwa esivumelwaneni ngaphandle kwenkantolo, umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane angethula isivumelwane noma uphoqelekile ukwethula isivumelwane enkantolo yeZingane ukuze siqinisekiswe noma sichithwe.
b ngaphambi kokunquma udaba, ingabuyisela emuva emaqenjini athintekayo isivumelwane ngenhloso yokuba sibuyekezwe ngesici esithile odabeni; noma c ichithe isivumelwane.
Umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane engethamela zonke iziwombe zokulalelwa kodaba lweZingane.
Ngaphandle kwemvume yenkantolo, akekho umuntu ongashicilela nganoma iyiphi indlela ulwazi oluthinta inqubo yodaba olusenkantolo yeZingane oluveza igama noma isiqu sengane ethintekayo noma engufakazi odabeni oluqhubekayo.
c ukwenziwa noma ukuqashwa kophenyo ngokulandisa kwesigaba 50 2, inqubo elawula lolo phenyo nokuqoqa ubufakazi.
k noma yiluphi olunye udaba olufunekayo noma oluvunyelwe ukuba lumiswe ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho.
Isigaba 3062 no 3 sifundwa nezinguquko ezidingwa yingqikithi, sisebenza ekubunjweni kwemigomo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 salesi sigaba.
Umqondisi-Jikelele kufanele agcine futhi alondoloze usomqulu oyobizwa ngoSomqulu kaZwelonke wokuVikelwa kweZinga.
Zonke izingxenye zikaSomqulu kufanele zigcinwe ziyimfihlo nolwazi oluqukethwe kuwo lungakhishwa noma ludalulwe kuphela ngendlela enhlinzekwe kulo Mthetho.
b uma Usomqulu egcinwe ngendlela elondolozwe ngombhalo wekhompuyutha, kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi uphephile kubantu abangawufanele.
g ukusebenzisa ulwazi loSomqulu ekuhleleni nasekudwebeni isabelo sezimali ngenjongo yokunqanda ukuhlukunyezwa nokulahlwa kweZingane kanjalo nokuvikela iZingane ezingeni likazwelonke, lesifundazwe nomasipala.
c yonke imiphumela etholwe yinkantolo yeZingane echaza ukuthi ingane idinga ukunakekelwa ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa noma ukulahlwa ngamabomu.
d noma yiluphi olunye ulwazi olunqunyiwe.
c ilunga lethimba lamaPhoyisa Ombutho waseNingizimu Afrika elijutshelwe ukuvikela ingane; noma d omunye umuntu ngenhloso yokuqhuba ucwaningo ngokuhlukunyezwe kwengane noma ukulahlwa kwengane ngamabomu noma udaba oluqondene, inqobo uma amagama aphelele, isibongo, ikheli lokuhlala nenombolo yomazisi wengane kugodliwe.
d komuntu ophawulwe esigabeni 117 lapho lowo muntu enze khona isicelo esibhaliwe; noma e komuntu oyalelwe yinkantolo ukwenza njalo.
Umthetho ovamile mayelana nokudalula ulwazi eNgxenyeni A yoSomqulu ngothi kufanele kwenziwe kanjalo uma kuyohlomula kakhulu isimo sengane ngaphandle uma ulwazi ludalulwa ngemuva kwemibuzo evezwe ngokulandisa kwesigaba 117.
Ngemuva kokwethula ubufakazi obenele bomazisi, noma ngubani unelungelo lokuthola ukuthi igama lakhe lifakiwe yini noma chabo kwiNgxenye A kaSomqulu, uma kunjalo, athole izizathu zokungeniswa kwegama lakhe kuSomqulu.
imibuzo ephonswa ngokwesigatshana 1, akukhathalekile ukuthi igama lomunt liyavela eNgxenyeni A kaSomqulu kufanele iqondiswe kuMqondisi-Jikelele ngendlela ehlelwe ngokufanele futhi eyimfihlo.
Umqondisi-Jikelele kufanele aphendule imibuzo bese ekhombisa ukuthi likhona yini igama lomuntu kwiNgxenye A kaSomqulu zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu 21.
Inhloso yeNgxenye B kaSomqulu kaZwelonke wokuVikelwa kweZingane wukugcina ulwazi lwabantu abangafanele ukusebenza ngeZingane nokusebenzisa ulwazi kuSomqulu ngenhloso yokuvikela iZingane ekuhlukunyezweni yilabo bantu.
e uma kuphatheka umuntu olahlwe ngecala lengane, kube nemininingwane yecala alahlwe ngalo, isigwebo esakhishwa, usuku lwesigwebo kanye nenombolo yecala; kanye f nokuveza ulwazi olunqunyiwe.
g lonke ulwazi olungabekwa wumgomo.
b yinoma iyiphi inkantolo odabeni lwecala lobugebengu noma lokuhlukumezeka komuntu lapho lowo muntu ethinteka khona njengeqembu noma njengofakazi; noma c yinkundla esunguliwe noma emukelwe ngumthetho odabeni oluqhubekayo lokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe mayelana nokuziphatha kwalowo muntu maqondana nengane.
b somshushisi, uma umphumela ufunwa odabeni lobugebengu; noma c somuntu onentshisekelo enkulu yokuvikela ingane.
a uma etholwe enecala lokubulala, lokuzama ukubulala, ukudlwengula, ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi noma ukuhlasela ngenhloso yokudala umonakalo emzimbeni okuqondene nengane; noma b uma inkantolo ithola ubufakazi bese ikhipha umyalelo ngaphansi kwesigaba 776 noma 786 soMthetho weNqubo yoBugebengu ka 1977 Umthetho 51 ka 1977 wokuthi ngenxa yesizathu sokugula ngengqondo, umuntu akanawo amandla okuqonda kahle okwenzekayo ukuze azivikele noma isizathu sokungaphili kahle ngengqondo senza angaboshezelwe esenzweni esithathwa njengecala lokubulala, lokuzama ukubulala, lokudlwengula, lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi noma lokuhlasela ngenhloso yokulimaza umzimba ingane ethintekayo.
Noma ngubani olahlwe ngecala lokubulala, lokuzama ukubulala, ukudlwengula, ukuhlukumeza ngocansi noma lokuhlasela ngenhloso yokwenzakalisa kabi ingane esikhathini esingevile eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokuqala kwalesi Sahluko, uthathwa njengomuntu ongakufanele ukusebenza ngeZingane.
Umphumela ovela ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1b wokuthi umuntu akakulungele ukusebenza neZingane awuncikile emphumeleni wokutholwa unecala noma ungenalo ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala lobugebengu eliqondene nalowo muntu.
a angedlulisa isikhalo sokuphikisa asiyise eNkantolo ephakeme, uma umphumela wenziwe yinkantolo, noma b acele inkantolo ibuyekeze umphumela, uma lowo mphumela wenziwe yinkundla ehlonzwe esigabeni 120 1c.
b ngesikhalo noma ngesicelo sokubuyekeza esifakwe ngumuntu othintekayo.
Uma kuhlaluka ngemuva kwesicelo sokwedlulisa noma sokubuyekeza isinqumo ukuthi umphumela otholwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 120 ochaza ukuthi umuntu akafanele ukusebenza neZingane, Umqondisi-Jikelele kufanele ngokushesha asuse igama lomuntu kuSomqulu.
b ongasebenza neZingane esikhungweni seZingane noma sentsha, endaweni yokunakekela iZingane isikhashana, esikhungweni sokukhoselisa noma sokushiya iZingane, isikole, ikilabhu noma inhlangano ethula imisebenzi yeZingane noma ekuqhubeni uhlelo olubumbene lokunakekela iZingane, akukhathalekile ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa yisisebenzi, ngumuntu ozinikelayo noma ngayiphi enye indlela.
f ongaqashelwa ngaphansi koMthetho weziNhlelo zoMasipala isikhundla sokusebenza noma ukufinyelela eZinganeni; noma g ongasebenza nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi noma isenzo esingahle sinqunywe.
Akekho umuntu osingethe noma oqhuba isikhungo noma obambe iqhaza noma osiza ekuphatheni noma ekuqhubeni isikhungo esihlinzeka ngokunakekela iZingane, kuhlanganisa isikhungo sokunakekela ingane nentsha, isikhungo sokugcina okwesikhashana, indawo yokukhoselisa ingane noma isikole esiyovumela umuntu onegama elivela kwiNgxenye B yoSomqulu ukuba asebenze noma afinyelele esikhungweni, endaweni, esikoleni, akukhathelekile ukuthi ukwenza lokho njengesisebenzi, ngumuntu osebenza ngokuzinikela noma ngenye indlela.
Ayikho inhlangano eqokwelwe ukuvikela iZingane engavumela umuntu onegama elivela kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu ukuba asebenze neZingane noma axhumane nazo egameni lenhlangano, akukhathalekile ukuthi uyisisebenzi, ngumuntu ozinikelayo noma ngandlela thize.
Akufanele Umbutho Wamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika uvumele umuntu onegama elivela kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu asebenze ethimbeni elethula imisebenzi yokuvikela iZingane.
Akufanele iNhloko yoMnyango kaHulumeni ivumele umuntu onegama elivela kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu aqashwe esikhundleni sokusebenza noma sokufinyelela eZinganeni.
Asifanele Isigungu soMkhandlu kaMasipala ukuvumela umuntu onegama elivela kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu ukuqashelwa isikhundla sokusebenza noma sokufinyelela eZinganeni.
e eqashelwe ngaphansi koMthetho weziNhlelo zoMasipala isikhundla sokusebenza noma sokufinyelela eZinganeni, lowo muntu kufanele adalule iqiniso esigungwini somkhandlu kamasipala oqondene.
Umuntu ohlonzwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 ohluleka ukudalula iqiniso lokuthi igama lakhe livela phansi kweNgxenye B kaSomqulu uyoba necala lokungaziphathi kahle futhi kunganqanyulwa isivumelwane sokusebenza kwakhe ngenxa yalokhu.
d Abasebenzi bomnyango wesifundazwe ongamele intuthuko yezenhlalakahle abaqokwe yinhloko yesifundazwe kulo Mnyango.
Ngemibandela ethile enganqunywa nguMqondisi-Jikelele, Umqondisi-Jikelele engavumela abasebenzi bomnyango wezemfundo esifundazweni abaqokwe yinhloko yalowo mnyango ukufinyelela kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu ngenhloso yokufeza isigaba 123 mayelana nezikole ezenganyelwe yilowo mnyango.
d ukuqashelwa ngaphansi koMthetho waBasebenzi boMphakathi isikhundla sokusebenza noma sokufinyelela eZinganeni, inhloko yomnyango kahulumeni lapho ezoqashwa khona kufanele ihlole ukuthi igama lomuntu aliveli ohlwini lweNgxenye B kaSomqulu; noma e ukuqashelwa ngaphansi koMthetho weziNhlelo zoMasipala isikhundla sokusebenza noma sokufinyelela eZinganeni, isigungu somkhandlu kamasipala kufanele sihlole ukuthi igama lomunt aliveli ohlwini lweNgxenye B kaSomqulu.
e Isigungu soMkhandlu wanoma yimuphi uMasipala kufanele sihlole ukuthi igama lomuntu oqashwe ngaphansi koMthetho weziNhlelo zoMasipala onesikhundla sokusebenza noma ofinyelela eZinganeni aliveli kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu.
Ngemuva kokwethula ubufakazi bomazisi, noma ngubani unelungelo lokuthola ukuthi igama lakhe aliveli yini kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu, uma kunjalo, athole izizathu zokuthi kungani lifakiwe.
Imibuzo ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 no 2 eqondene nokwazi ngokuvela nokungaveli kwegama lomuntu kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu kufanele luqondiswe ngendlela eyimfihlo, ngokubhaliwe kuMqondisi-Jikelele.
c komuntu ophawulwe esigabeni 1263; noma c komyalelo wenkantolo wokwenza njalo.
Umthetho ovamile mayelana nokudalula ulwazi olukwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu wukuthi kufanele isenzo sihlomulisa kakhulu noma sifeze intshisekelo yengane ngaphandle uma ulwazi ludalulwe ngemuva kophenyo oluthile ngokulandisa kwesigaba 126.
Umqondisi-Jikelele kufanele azise umuntu otholakale engakulungele ukusebenza neZingane ukuthi igama nemininingwane yakhe ifakwe nini kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu.
Ngokulandisa kwesigatshana , umuntu onegama elivela kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu kaZwelonke wokuVikelwa kweZingane angafaka isicelo sokususwa kuSomqulu kwegama lakhe nolunye ulwazi oluthinta yena.
b kuMqondisi-Jikelele, uma igama lafakwe ngephutha; noma c eNkantolo ePhakeme uma Umqondisi-Jikelele echitha isicelo ngaphansi kwendima b.
Ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1, isicelo sokususa igama lomuntu kanye nemininingwane kwiNgxenye B kaSomqulu esenziwe ngezizathu zokuthi umuntu othintekayo useguqukile, singenziwa kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kusukela ngosuku okwafakwa ngalo igama lomuntu kuSomqulu, nalapho kuyobe sekucutshungulwe kahle khona isicelo ngemigomo enqunyiwe.
Ngokuhambisana nesigaba 5 soMthetho Wokuziqokela Ukunqamula Ukukhulelwa (Umthetho No. 92 ka 1996), ingane ingelashwa noma ihlinzwe kuphela uma leyo mvume yokwelashwa noma yokuhlinzwa inikwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana , , , , noma.
inomqondo ovuthwe ngokwenele futhi inengqondo ephelele yokuqonda imihlomulo, ubungozi, umthelela wenhlalonhle nokunye ngokwelashwa noma ngokuhlinzwa.
c isizwa ngokufanele ngumzali noma ngumuntu oyigadile.
b isidingo sokwelapha noma sokuhlinza siphuthuma ngendlela yokuthi angeke kwalitshalwa ngenxa yokulinda imvume okufanele itholakale kuqala.
Ungqongqoshe engakhipha imvume yokwelapha noma yokuhlinza ingane, uma leyo ngane yenqaba ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo nemvume.
Inkantolo Ephakeme noma inkantolo yeZingane ingakhipha imvume yokuhlenga noma yokuhlinza ingane kuzo zonke izimo lapho omunye umuntu onegunya lokukhipha imvume ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba enqaba noma ehluleka ukuyethula.
Akekho umzali, umgadi wengane noma oyinakekelayo ongenqaba ukusiza ingane ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 3 noma agodle imvume ngaphansi kwesigatshana 4 no 5 ngesizathu esiphathelene nenkolo noma enye inkolelo ngaphandle kokuba lowo mzali noma umbheki wayo aveze ukuthi ikhona enye indlela yokwelapha emukelekile engahlenga noma ehlobene nokuhlinza okuhlosiwe.
i usompilo akatholanga yini isandulela-ngculazi ngenxa yokuthintana nengane ngesikhathi elapha okubandakanya ukuthintana nesici esingedlulisa igciwane esiphume emzimbeni wengane; noma ii omunye umuntu okungenzeka ukuba uthole igciwane lesandule- ngculazi ngenxa yokuthintana nesici esithile somzimba wengane esingedlulisa igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi, inqobo uma lokho kuhlola sekugunyazwe yinkantolo.
i imvume ephawulwe endimeni a, b, c no d igodlwe ngokungenamqondo; noma ii ingane noma umzali noma umbheki wengane engakwazi ukukhipha imvume.
Uma isivivinyo sokuhlola isandulela-ngculazi enganeni senziwa ngenhloso yokuyithatha noma uyenze eyakho, uhulumeni kufanele akhokhe izindleko zaleso sivivinyo uma sivuma isimo.
b womzali wengane noma wombheki wengane, uma umzali noma umbheki wengane enolwazi ngesivivinyo.
a enganeni, uma ingane inomqondo ovuthwe ngokwenele ukuqonda umthelela womphumela; futhi b kumzali noma kumbheki wengane, uma umzali noma umbheki wengane enolwazi lwesivivinyo.
c kwenhloso yokufeza inqubo yomthetho; noma d ngomyalelo wenkantolo.
i ineminyaka engu 12 noma ngaphezulu; noma ii ineminyaka engaphansi kwengu 12 ngenxa yomqondo wayo ovuthiwe wokuqonda imihlomulo, ubungozi nomthelela kwinhlalonhle yokudalula.
i imvume ephawulwe endimeni a, b, c no d igodlwe ngokungenamqondo kanti ukudalula kufeza kangcono izidingo zengane; noma ii ingane noma umbheki wengane engakwazi ukukhipha imvume.
b ingane inikwa iseluleko sezempilo esiqondile; futhi c ukuhlolelwa impilo kwenziwa enganeni ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi zikhona yini izizathu zokwenqabela uhlobo oluthile lwesikhali sokuzivikela ekumitheni ukuba lungasetshenziswa yingane.
Ingane ethola amajazi omkhwenyana, izikhali zokuzivikela ekumitheni noma iseluleko ngalokhu ngokulandisa kwalo Mthetho inelungelo lemfihlo ngalokhu, ngokuhambisana nesigaba 105.
k enquma noma yiluphi udaba olusemqoka ekugqugquzeleni ukusebenza kwalesi Sahluko.
b ingane ephila emndenini ophethwe ngenye ingane.
Uma kucaca ebufakazini obufungelwe obethulwa ngumuntu phambi kwesiphathimandla senkantolo yeZingane ukuthi ingane ehlala noma okwenzekile yaba sendaweni okusebenzela kuyo isiphathimandla esengamele inkantolo idinga ngempela ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa, leso siphathimandla esengamele inkantolo yeZingane kufanele sikhiphe umyalelo onquma ukuba udaba lwesidingo sokunakekelwa nokuvikelwa kwengane lwedluliselwe kusonhlalakahle oqokiwe ngenhloso yokwenza uphenyo ngendlela ehlonzwe esigabeni 155.
Isiphathimandla esengamele esikhiphe umyalelo ochazwe esigatshaneni 1 singaphinde siyalele ukuba ingane igcinwe endaweni ephephile yesikhashana uma kucaca ukuthi lokho kubalulekile ukuphephisa nokufeza inhlalonhle yengane.
Ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane iyadinga yini ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 noma lapho kukhishwa umyalelo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 2, inkantolo yeZingane ingasebenzisa noma yimaphi amandla enikwe wona ngaphansi kwesigaba 501 kuya ku 3.
Isinqumo esikhishwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 2 kufanele siqagule ingane ngokugcwele ngenhloso yokufeza umyalelo.
c engasebenzisa amandla aphawulwe esigabeni 503 a kuya ku d.
Iphoyisa elichazwe esigatshaneni 5, lingasebenzisa indluzula edingekile ekunqobeni isimo sokwenqatshelwa ukungena emagcekeni ahlonzwe esigatshaneni 5a, kuhlangene nokwephula umnyango noma ifasitela laleyo ndawo: Inqobo uma iphoyisa liqale ngokuzibika ngephimbo lapho licela khona ukungena ngaphakathi emagcekeni nokwazisa isizathu sokungena kwalo ngaphakathi.
c abike udaba emnyangweni ofanele wentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.
Intshisekelo yengane yilona phuzu okufanele lihambe phambili kunoma yisiphi isinqumo sokuthola ukuthi ingane evikelwayo nenakekelwayo kufanele iyogcinwa noma isuswe endaweni yokuphepha okwesikhashana kanjalo nobheka amanye amaphuzu aqondene ukufeza lenhloso kuhlangene nokuphepha nenhlalonhle yengane.
c yokuthi ukususwa kwengane ekhaya layo yindlela engcono yokugcina ukuphepha nenhlalonhle yengane.
c abike udaba emnyangweni oqondene wentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.
d lungakedluli usuku olulandelayo, lazise umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane ngesinyathelo sokususwa kwengane.
Intshisekelo yengane kufanele kube yilona phuzu elingujuqu ekufinyeleleni kwisinqumo sokuthi ingane enakekelwe nevikelwe isuswe bese igcinwa endaweni ephephile okwesishana, kanjalo nawo wonke amaqiniso aqondene kufanele acutshungulwe ngokwale nhloso, kuhlangene nokuhlola amathuba okususa ekhaya noma endaweni lapho kuhlala khona ingane umuntu osolwa ngokuhlupha ngaphansi kwesigaba 153 ngokunjalo nokubeka phambili ukuphepha nenhlalonhle yengane.
Ukusebenzisa budedengu amandla aqondwe esigatshaneni 1 okwenziwa ngusonhlalakahle oqokiwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wabasebenzi boMphakathi noma Umthetho weziNhlelo zoMasipala yinkomba yokungaziphathi kahle noma ukwehluleka ukulandela inqubo yongoti echazwe esigabeni 271b woMthetho weMisebenzi yoChwepheshe ka 1978 Umthetho 110 ka 1978.
Ukusebenzisa budedengu amandla aqondwe esigatshaneni 1 okwenziwa yiphoyisa kunomthelela wezinyathelo zokuqondisa lelo phoyisa izigwegwe ngendlela ehlonzwe yisigaba 40 soMthetho woMbutho wamaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika ka 1995 Umthetho 68 ka 1995.
Noma ngubani osusa ingane kufanele alandele inqubo emisiwe.
d siqukathe isitifiketi esibhalwe ngesandla sephoyisa esichaza ukuthi isaziso sokuqala esibhaliwe sanikwa umsolwa nokuthi umsolwa wachazelwa ngokubaluleka kwesaziso.
Iphoyisa liyoba seledlulisa ikhophi yombhalo wokuqala wesaziso esibhaliwe kumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane.
Ukuveza enkantolo ikhophi yombhalo ephawulwe esigatshaneni 2 iwubufakazi obusobala bokukhishwa kwesaziso sangempela kumsolwa nokuthi leso saziso sanikwa umsolwa.
Imibandela yesigaba 55 soMthetho Wenqubo Yobugebengu ka 1977 Umthetho No. 51 ka 1977 iyosebenza nezinguquko ezidingekile esazisweni esibhaliwe sanikwa umsolwa ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1.
Inkantolo okubekwe phambi kwayo isaziso esibhaliwe ngomsolwa ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 ingenza uphenyo olusheshayo ngezimo ezaholela ekukhishweni kwesaziso.
e ikhiphe lowo myalelo inkantolo ewubona ufanele.
Ukusebenzisa budedengu amandla aphawulwe esigatshaneni 1 yiphoyisa yisenzo esihambisana nokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe okuqondiswe kulelo phoyisa njengoba kuhlonzwe esigabeni 40 soMthetho Wombutho Wamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika ka 1995 Umthetho No. 68 ka 1995.
b umuntu ogcine okwesikhashana ingane; noma c inhloko yesifundazwe engamele intuthuko yezenhlalakahle.
Inkantolo yeZingane kufanele inqume ngombuzo wokuthi ingane iyadinga yini ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa, le nqubo eholela esinqumweni ilandela imibandela yezigaba 47, 151, 152 noma 154 ngokunakekelwa nokuvikelwa kwengane.
Ngaphambi kokuba ingane ilethwe phambi kwenkantolo yeZingane, kufanele usonhlalakahle oqokiwe aphenye udaba kuthi zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-90 aqoqe umbiko ngendlela echaziwe wokuthi ngabe ingane iyadinga yini ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa.
Usonhlalakahle oqokiwe kufanele abike udaba emnyangweni oqondene wentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.
a Uma ngemuva kophenyo oluhlonzwe esigatshaneni 2, usonhlalakahle oqokiwe ethola ukuthi ingane ayidingi ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa , kufanele aveze izizathu zalokho akutholile bese umbiko wethulwa enkantolo yeZingane ukuze ubuyekezwe.
b Usonhlalakahle oqokiwe kufanele lapho ebona isidingo ethule embikweni izincomo zokusiza umndeni, lokhu kuhlanganisa izeluleko, izixazululo, ukungenelela isimo ngokushesha, ukwakha kabusha nokuhlumisa umndeni, ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha, ukuxazulula inkinga nokwedlulisa udaba komunye umuntu noma enhlanganweni.
Uma ngemuva kophenyo oluhlonzwe esigatshaneni 2, usonhlalakahle oqokiwe ethola ukuthi ingane idinga ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa, leyo ngane kufanele ilethwe phambi kwenkantolo yeZingane.
igcinwe yilunga lomndeni noma yisihlobo sengane; noma v ibekwe endaweni ephephile yesikhashana.
b Inkantolo ingakhipha umyalelo wokungenelela isimo ngokushesha ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho; noma c Yenqabe ukukhipha umyalelo uma ingane ingahlezi endaweni ephephile yokunakekelwa.
Uma inquma ngombuzo wokuthi ingane iyadinga ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1, inkantolo kufanele ibhekele umbiko kasonhlalakahle oqokiwe nochazwe esigatshaneni 2.
endaweni noma ezikhungweni ezishiyelana ngokunakekela iZingane ngezikhathi ezihlukene; noma v esikhungweni sokunakekela iZingane nentsha eqokwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 158 esihlinzeka ngezidingo ezihambisana nentshisekelo yokuhlala ingane.
ingane isengcupheni yokulimala.
Inkantolo ekhiphe umyalelo ohlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 inganquma ukuba ingane ethintekayo igcinwe endaweni ephephile yesikhashana kuze kufike isikhathi sokusebenza ngempela komyalelo wenkantolo.
b singacutshungulwa kabusha yinkantolo yeZingane efanele noma yinini, futhi siqinisekiswe, sihoxiswe noma sichitshiyelwe ngendlela efanele.
Uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi ingane ayidingi ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa, ingaqhubeka nokukhipha umyalelo oqondiswe esigatshaneni 1 mayelana nengane oshiya ngaphandle isinqumo sokugcina ingane.
v ngokukhipha imiyalelo mayelana nokuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe ngokusebenza kweqhinga elimile.
c ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokweluleka ingane nomndeni ngaphambili nangemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangothi zombili.
Ingane encane kakhulu eyintandane noma eshiywe ngabazali bayo kufanele ibe sethubeni lokutholwa ngabanye abantu ngendlela nangesikhathi esinqunyiwe, ngaphandle uma lokho kungafezi kahle izifiso ezinhle zengane.
Lapho kukhishwa isinqumo esithinta ukususwa kwengane ekunakekelweni ngabazali noma ngumbheki wayo, inkantolo ingethula emiyalelweni yayo indlela yokuqhuba iqhinga lokuhlala ngokugcwele kwengane.
Inkantolo yeZingane ingakhipha umyalelo wokubeka ingane esikhungweni sokunakekela ingane noma intsha kuphela uma ingekho enye indlela efanele.
b inqume ukuba ingane igcinwe esikhungweni sokunakekela iZingane nentsha esinalo uhlelo noma izinhlelo zokunakekela ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo.
f amanye amaphuzu abalulekile.
Ngokomthetho ovamile, inhloko yesifundazwe engamele intuthuko yezenhlalakahle kufanele iqoke isikhungo esinohlelo olunqunywe yinkantolo esondele kakhulu nomndeni noma nomphakathi wengane.
b ungelulwa yinkantolo yeZingane iminyaka engedlule kwemibili ngasikhathi sinye.
d omunye umuntu ongumbheki waleyo ngane.
Awukho umyalelo wenkantolo oqondiswe esigatshaneni 1 ongadlula osukwini lapho ingane ekhishelwe lowo myalelo seyifike khona eminyakeni engu 18 ubudala.
d nolunye udaba olungadingeka ekugqugquzeleni ukusebenza ngempela kwalesi Sahluko.
ethathwe ngomyalelo wenkantolo emndenini wengane ukuze iyolashwa, ilungiswe isimilo, yelulekwe noma esinye isizathu; noma b njengoxhaso lwesikhathi esifushane esiphuthumayo lokondla nokwelapha ingane, noma lwezindleko eziwumphumela wezidingo ezehlukile zengane.
Isinqumo sokondla siqala ukusebenza ngosuku esenziwe ngalo ngaphandle uma inkantolo inquma ukuba siqale maduzane noma ngosuku olungemuva kwalokho.
Inkantolo yeZingane ingaguqula, immise noma ishaye indiva umyalelo wokuphonsa esivivaneni noma ivuselele umyalelo ngemuva kokuba uchithiwe.
Uma inkantolo ngaphandle kwaleyo ekhiphe umyalelo wokuxhasa iguqula, immisa, ishaya indiva noma ivuselela umyalelo ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 3, umabhalane wenkantolo yokuqala ephawuliwe kufanele yazise umabhalane wenkantolo echazwe kamuva ngoguquko, ngokummiswa, ngokuchithwa nokubuyekezwa kwesinqumo.
a oziphendulelayo ehlala, eqhuba khona ibhizinisi noma eqashiwe; noma b ingane ethinteka odabeni ivame ukuhlala khona noma kwenzekile yaba ngakhona.
Umyalelo wenkantolo wesikhashana wokondla ungakhishwa yinkantolo yeZingane enamandla ngesimiso sesigatshana 1 b uqondiswe kunoma ngubani ohlala ezweni eliqokwe njengedlela-ndawonye ngokwencazelo yoMthetho Wemiyalelo Yokuphoqelela Ubambiswano lweSondlo ka 1963 Umthetho No. 80 ka 1963 noma izwe elamukelwe ngaphansi kwencazelo yoMthetho Wemiyalelo Yokuphoqelela Ubambiswano lweSondlo emazweni ase-Afrika ka 1989 Umthetho No. 6 ka 1989.
Isinqumo sokondla noma sokuphonsa esivivaneni kanye nomyalelo wesikhashana wokondla sinomthelela wesinqumo nomyalelo wesikhashana wesondlo ngaphansi koMthetho Wemiyalelo Yokuphoqelela Ubambiswano Lwesondlo ka 1963 (Umthetho No. 80 ka 1963) ngendlela eyobe ifanele.
Izigaba 31 no 40 soMthetho Wesondlo ufundwa ngokuhlanganyela nezinguquko ezidingekile zisebenza kumuntu onqaba noma ohluleka ukuhambisana nomyalelo wesondloso.
Isinqumo sokondla kufanele sitshele oziphendulelayo akhokhe isamba esichaziwe kumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane noma komunye umuntu oqokwe yinkantolo.
ukukhokha leyo mali ehleshuliwe kumabhalane wenkantolo noma komunye umuntu ochazwe emyalelweni; noma b iguqule, immise noma ichithe noma ivuselele lowo myalelo ngemuva kokuba uchithiwe.
Umqashi kufanele akhokhe ngokushesha imali ehleshulwe ngokomyalelo ophawulwe esigatshaneni kumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane noma kulowo muntu ochazwe emyalelweni.
b achaze kuleso saziso ikheli lakhe elisha lokuhlala noma igama nekheli lomqashi omusha.
Ingane ithathwa njengetholiwe uma leyo ngane igcinwe unomphela ngumuntu ongesiyena umzali noma umbheki wayo ngenxa yesinqumo senkantolo esinomthelela ohlonzwe esigabeni 242.
b ilandelwa imibandela yalesi Sahluko.
Usonhlalakahle oqokiwe kufanele ahole uhlaziyo lokunquma ukuthi ingane ingatholiswa yini.
e ingane idinga enye indawo yokuhlala ngokugcwele.
e ngumzali ongumfakela enganeni; noma f umbheki wengane oyisihlobo sengane.
d bahlolwe kahle ngusonhlalakahle oqokiwe ukuthi bayahambisana yini nendinyana a no b.
Ohlaziyweni lomzali ofuna ukuthola ingane, usonhlalakahle oqokiwe engabhekela ukwehlukana kwamasiko nemiphakathi kwengane etholwayo nabazali abafuna ingane.
Umuntu ngeke ancishwe ithuba lokuthola ingane ngenxa yesimo sakhe sezimali.
Umuntu othola ingane engafaka isicelo sesivivinyo sokusizwa kwinhlalonhle, uma sikhona isidingo.
Umuntu ongakulungele ukusebenza neZingane akakufanele futhi akekho esimweni sokuthola ingane.
a Ubaba wangempela wengane ongenalo igunya lokuyibheka ngokulandisa kweSahluko 3 noma umzali oyibhekile unelungelo lokubhekelwa njengomzali ongayithola ingane uma livela ithuba lokuba itholwe ingane.
b Umuntu oqondwe endimeni a kufanele athathwe njengomuntu oziqokele ukungasifaki isicelo sokuthola ingane, uma lowo muntu ehlulekile ukufaka isicelo sokuthola ingane zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 ngemuva kwesaziso esicela abantu ukwenza njalo kusherifu.
Ilunga lomndeni wengane elifake kumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane isaziso sentshisekelo yokuthola ingane ngaphambi kokuthola ingane linelungelo lokucatshangwa njengomzali onganikwa ingane lapho sesiphumile isinqumo sokuthi ingane ingatholwa.
b yokugcina umlando wabantu abakulungele nabafanele ukuthola iZingane.
Igama neminye imininingwane eqagula ingane ingafakwa kwi-RACAP uma ingane isesimweni sokutholwa ngendlela ehlonzwe yisigaba 2303.
Igama nemininingwane eqagula ingane kufanele isuswe kwiRACAP uma seyitholiwe ingane.
b umuntu eyisakhamuzi noma ehlala ngokugcwele eNingizimu Afrika.
bb engasazimisele futhi ehluleka ukuqhuba, ukufeza lezo zibophezelo namalungelo.
uma umuntu obhalisiwe engasesona isakhamuzi noma umhlali ogcwele waseNingizimu v uma ingane ehlonzwe esigabeni 150 isuswa ekunakekelweni yilowo muntu obhalisiwe; noma vi uma umuntu obhalisiwe elahlwa yicala eliphathelene nodlame.
b enhlanganweni yokuvikela ingane enikwe igunya ngaphansi kwesigaba 251 ukuba yethule usizo lokutholisa ngengane; noma c enhlanganweni yokuvikela ingane enikwe igunya ngaphansi kwesigaba 259 ukuba yethule usizo lokutholisa ngengane okuxuba amazwe ehlukene.
i ineminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu; noma ii ineminyaka engaphansi kweshumi kodwa ubudala, ukuvuthwa komqondo nesigaba sayo siyenza iqonde umthelela waleyo mvume.
Isigatshana 1 asihlanganisi umzali noma umuntu oqondwe esigabeni 236 kanti ingane ingatholwa ngaphandle kwemvume yalowo mzali noma umuntu.
Uma umzali wengane efisa ukuba ingane itholwe ngumuntu othile noma ngabantu, umzali kufanele achaze igama lalowo muntu noma abantu emvumeni.
Ngaphambi kokukhipha imvume yokutholisa ngengane ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1, usonhlalakahle oqokelwe ukugqugquzela ukutholwa kwengane kufanele eluleke abazali bengane, uma kwenzeka naleyo ngane ngesinqumo sokuyedlulisa ukuze itholwe ngabanye abantu.
Amaphuzu okwamukeleka komuntu ohlonzwe esigatshaneni 3 njengomzali ongathola ingane kufanele anqunywe yinkantolo yeZingane ngokulandisa kwesigaba 2312.
yethulwe bese igcinwa ngumabhalane wenkantolo ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwesicelo sokuthola ingane.
a ingasayinywanga phambi komuntu ojutshiwe; noma b ingenasiqiniseko esenziwe ngendlela emisiwe noma ngumuntu ojutshiwe.
Umzali wengane nomuntu ophawulwe esigatshaneni 1 ovumele ingane itholwe noma ingane engahoxisa imvume zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu 60 ngemuva kokusayina imvume, ngemuva kwalokho imvume iyoba ngujuqu.
b ukucobela ulwazi oluhlanganisa olwemithi yokuhlenga ingane ngemuva kokuba isicelo sokutholisa ngengane semukelwe.
Isivumelwane esihlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 ngeke sivunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume yengane, uma ingane ineminyaka yobudala, inomqondo ovuthiwe kanye nesigaba sentuthuko lapho iqonda khona umthelela waleso sivumelwane.
Usonhlalakahle wokutholisa ingane okhuthaza udaba lwengane kufanele asize amathimba ngamalungiselelo esivumelwane esilandela ukuthola ingane bese ebeluleka ngomthelela wesivumelwane.
Ngesikhathi ikhipha imvume ngokulandisa kwesigaba 239, inkantolo ingaqinisekisa isivumelwane esilandela esokuthola ingane uma lokho kufeza kangcono intshisekelo yengane.
Isivumelwane esilandela esokuthola ingane kufanele sibhalwe ngendlela emisiwe.
i sethimba eliyingxenye yesivumelwane; noma ii sengane etholwayo.
Ngesicelo soMnyango, somnyango wentuthuko yezenhlalakahle esifundazweni, senhlangano evikela iZingane ekleliswe ngaphansi kwesigaba 251 ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokutholisa ngengane noma usonhlalakahle, inkantolo ingakhipha umyalelo wokukhulula umzali noma umuntu odingelwa ukukhipha imvume yokutholisa ngengane efunwa yisigaba 233 ezibophezelweni nasemalungelweni obuzali maqondana nengane efakelwe isicelo sokutholwa.
Umzali noma umuntu ofunelwa imvume yokuthola ingane ngokulandisa kwesigaba 233 kufanele asekele isicelo sokumkhulula.
Umyalelo wokukhulula kufanele ugunyaze inhlangano evikela iZingane emukelwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 251 ngokusiza ngemisebenzi yokutholisa ngengane noma unike umuntu izibophezelo namalungelo obuzali mayelana nengane elindele ukutholwa.
c ingane, umzali noma umbheki owavuma ukutholisa ngengane ehoxisa leyo mvume ngokulandisa kwesigaba 2338.
Umyalelo wokukhulula wehlisa umthwalo kumzali noma kumuntu ojutshwe ukondla ingane ngesikhathi ilindele ukutholwa ngaphandle uma umyalelo wenkantolo uchaza ngenye indlela.
f ehlulekile ukuphendula isaziso esihlongoza ukuthola ingane, esiqondwe esigabeni 238 zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 ethole isaziso.
b inkantolo inikwe amakhophi aqinisekisiwe ezitifiketi zokushona kwabazali noma ababheki bayo noma eminye imibhalo engafunwa yinkantolo.
c ngemuva kwesikhalo sokudlwengula esivezwe ngunina, inkantolo ithola izinhlansi zobufakazi bokuthi ingane yaba wumphumela wokudlwengulwa konina; Inqobo uma lowo mphumela ungathathwa njengokulahlwa yicala lokudlwengula noma lobugebengu.
c ngokukhokha umonakalo ngokulandisa komthetho wendabuko; noma d ngokuhambisa imininingwane yakhe ifakwe embhalweni wokubhalisa ingane ngokulandisa kwesigaba 10 1 b noma isigaba 114 soMthetho Wokubhalisa Abazelwe Nabashonile ka 1992 Umthetho No. 51 ka 1992.
Ngokubheka izimo ezithile nobufakazi obuphambi kwayo, inkantolo ingacubungula ubukhona bezizathu zokwenqabela umzali noma umuntu ekuvumeleni ingane itholwe ngokulandisa kwalesi sigaba.
b izinyathelo ezifanele zokuthola igama nekheli lomuntu ngamunye okungafuneka imvume yakhe ngaphansi kwesigaba 236 kanjalo nezizathu zokungafuneki kwemvume yakhe.
Umuntu ovume ukuthola ingane ngencazelo yesigaba 233 nofuna inkantolo iyekele isidingo sokuthola imvume yomunye umuntu njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni 236 kufanele ethule lowo mbiko kumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane.
Umabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane engacela uMqondisi-Jikelele: eMnyangweni Wezasekhaya adalule olunye ulwazi oluqukethwe ekubhalisweni kwengane ngesikhathi izalwa kuhlangene nomazisi kanye nemininingwane yomuntu ovume ukuba ngubaba noma ngumama wengane.
Uma usonhlalakahle othintekayo ekutholeni ingane okuhlongozwayo ethola ulwazi maqondana nengane nalapho kuhlala khona umuntu odingelwa ukukhipha imvume njengoba sichaza isigatshana 1, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, usonhlalakahle kufanele ethule kumabhalane wenkantolo yeZingane umbiko oqukethe lolo lwazi.
Uma ingane ikwazi ukutholwa, isiphathimandla senkantolo yeZingane kufanele siyalele ngokushesha usherifu ukuba anike isaziso umuntu odingelwa imvume yokuthola ingane, ngendlela elandiswa yisigaba 233.
b sicele lowo muntu avume noma agodle imvume yokuthla ingane noma uma lowo muntu enguyise woqobo wengane ongashadile nonina, acelwe imvume noma ayigodle noma afake isicelo ukuthola ingane ngokulandisa kwesigaba 239.
Uma umuntu onikwe isaziso ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 ehluleka ukuhambisana nesicelo esiqukethwe yisaziso zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30, lowo muntu kufanele athathwe njengovumele ukutholwa kwengane.
ulwazi olumisiwe lwemithi yokwelapha mayelana nengane.
e siqukathe leyo mininingwane emisiwe.
e noma yiluphi olunye ulwazi olungasiza inkantolo noma olungase lunqunywe.
Ofake isicelo akakwazi ukufinyelela emibhalweni enikwe inkantolo ngamanye amaqembu ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yenkantolo.
c umbiko ohlonzwe yisigaba 2391b.
e isigaba 2317 silandelwe, esiwombeni sesicelo sokuthola ingane ehlala nomzali wesithathu noma ogunyazwe yinkantolo, oyohambisana nesigaba ngumuntu noma ngabantu abangesiyena umzali wesithathu noma umbheki wengane ogunyazwe yinkantolo.
b amathuba okwakheka kobuhlobo obuhle esikhathini esizayo phakathi kwengane nomuntu ogodle imvume.
d imiyalelo edlule eshaywe ngokugcinwa kwengane.
c asivumeli umshado noma ukulalana phakathi kwengane nomuntu umuntu okungavunyiwe ngisho ngabe ingane yayingatholwanga.
d Akuphazamisi amalungelo ingane inawo empahleni eyithole ngaphambi kokutholwa.
Ngokwazo zonke izinhloso, ingane etholiwe kufanele ithathwe njengengane yomzali omusha kanti ngaso sonke isikhathi lomzali uthathwa njengomzali wengane etholiwe.
b ngumzali wengane etholiwe noma ngomunye umuntu onezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali ngengane, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthathwa kwengane; noma c ngumzali noma ngabazali abasha abafuna ukuthola ingane.
Noma yisiphi isicelo esenziwa ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 kufanele sethulwe maduzane ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili kusukela osukwini okutholwe ngalo ingane.
b ofake isicelo engumzali wengane odingelwa imvume lapho kukhishwa umyalelo kodwa engazange itholakale leyo mvume; noma c ngesikhathi sokukhipha umyalelo wokutholisa ngengane kutholakala ukuthi abazali abasha abakulungele ukuba ngabazali, ngokulandisa kwesigaba 232.
d Omunye umuntu oqokwe yinkantolo njengomuntu onentshisekelo elungile odabeni lwengane.
b zonke izibophezelo, amalungelo nolunye udaba oluqedwe yisigaba 242 1 ngengane ziyabuyiselwa.
a ingamisa umyalelo ofanele wokugcina ingane ethintekayo; noma b inqume ukuba ingane igcinwe endaweni ephephile okwesikhashana kuze kutholakale indawo efanele yokuyilondoloza.
Ngemuva kwesinqumo sokuthola ingane esikhishwa yinkantolo yeZingane mayelana nokubhaliswa kokuzalwa kwengane eNingizimu Afrika, umzali noma abazali abayitholile kufanele bafake isicelo sokubhalisa ukutholwa kwengane nokuguqula isibongo sengane kusomqulu ngaphansi komthetho ofanele kuMqondisi-Jikelele: eMnyangweni Wezasekhaya.
d imali emiswe ngaphansi kwemithetho esebenzayo; uma ikhona.
Ngemuva kokuba inkantolo yeZingane seyikhiphe umyalelo wokuthola ingane ezalwe ngaphandle komngcele waseNingizimu Afrika, umzali noma abazali abayitholile kufanele bacele kuMqondisi-Jikelele woMnyango wezaseKhaya ukubhalisa ingane ezelwe nokuloba isinyathelo sokuthola ingane emqulwini wabazelwe.
d Imali enqunywe ngokulandisa komthetho osebenzayo, uma ukhona.
d lonke ulwazi oluqondene nokuthola ingane olungase lumiswe ngumgomo.
c esigamekweni sengane etholwe kwelinye izwe, edlulise amakhophi ayo yonke imibhalo eqondiswe endimeni b eMkhandlwini Omkhulu.
f Ngenhloso yocwaningo, inqobo uma lungekho ulwazi oluyoveza isiqu sengane etholiwe, abazali bayo begazi noma abayitholile.
Umqondisi-Jikelele engajuba umuntu athole iseluleko ngaphambi kokudalulelwa lowo muntu ulwazi oluqukethwe kusomqulu wengane etholiwe ngokulandisa kwesigatshana (a), (b), (c) no (e).
b abazali begazi bengane etholiwe, uma lolo lwazi luhlobene ngqo nempilo yengane etholiwe.
Ngale kwesigatshana 1, amathimba athinteka esivumelwaneni esilandela ukuthola ingane ngendlela ehlonzwe esigabeni 234 anelungelo lokufinyelela kulolo lwazi ngengane ngendlela echazwe esivumelwaneni.
a onganika noma athole, avume ukunika noma ukuthola umhlomulo, akukhathalekile ukuthi yimali noma yisipho ukuze athole ingane, ngokulandisa kweSahluko 15 noma Isahluko 16; noma b ongadoba umuntu anikele ngengane ukuba itholwe ngendlela emiswe yiSahluko 15 noma Isahluko 16.
e Esakhiweni sikaHulumeni; noma f kwabanye abantu abachaziwe.
c koMkhandlu Omkhulu esigamekweni sokuthola ingane yakwelinye izwe; noma d inhlangano eqokelwe ukuvikela ingane emukelwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 259 lapho inikela khona ngomsebenzi wokuthola ingane.
Isigatshana 1 asivimbeli ukwethulwa kwemisebenzi yochwepheshe eqondene nokuthola ingane, okubalwa abammeli, osongqondo noma ilunga lomunye umkhakha wenhlangano yochwepheshe.
b inhlangano eqokelwe ukuvikela ingane ukuba yethule umsebenzi wokuthola ingane.
Umqondisi-Jikelele kufanele agcine usomqulu wabo bonke osonhlalakahle bokuthola iZingane kanjalo nezinhlangano zokuvikela iZingane ezamukelwe njengezikhungo ezigunyazwe ukuthola iZingane.
Akekho umuntu ongashicilela noma adale kushicilelwe nganoma iyiphi indlela noma umzamo isikhangisi esihlangene nokubekwa noma ukutholwa kwengane ethile.
b esikhangisini senhlangano evikela iZingane lapho inxenxa khona noma igcwalisa izikhala zomsebenzi ngokulandela imihlahlandlela efanele; noma c kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhangisa ezichazwe wumgomo.
h mayelana nenye inqubo, yokuphatha noma esondelene okukhona isidingo sokuba ichazwe ngenhloso yokuqhubela phambili impatho nomsebenzi walesi Sahluko.
d ukuhlahla indlela yokulawula ukutholwa kweZingane okuxube amazwe.
a engasayina isivumelwane nombuso welinye izwe elingeyona ingxenye yeSivumelwane saseHague sokuTholwa kweZingane phakathi kwamazwe mayelana nodaba lokuthola ingane okuxube amazwe; kanjalo b engasayina isivumelwane nombuso welinye izwe eliyingxenye yeSivumelwane saseHague sokuTholwa kweZingane phakathi kwamazwe ngenhloso yokwengezela imihlinzeko yeSivumelwane noma ngenhloso yokuqhubela phambili ukusebenza kwenkambiso equkethwe yiso.
Isivumelwane esihlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 akufanele sishayisane nemihlinzeko yeSivumelwane saseHague esithinta ukutholwa kweZingane.
Umongameli engavumela isichibiyelo noma ukuchithwa kwesivumelwane esihlonzwe esigatshaneni 1.
Isivumelwane esihlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 noma isichibiyelo noma ukuchithwa kwaso ngeke kube namandla okusebenza kuze kufike isikhathi lapho isivumelwane simukelwe khona yiPhalamende.
Isivumelwane saseHague Sokutholwa KweZingane Phakathi kwamazwe ehlukene siyasebenza eNingizimu Afrika kanti imibandela yaso ingumthetho ezweni.
Umthetho ovamile waseNingizimu Afrika usebenza ekutholeni ingane ehlobene nesivumelwane kodwa uma kunokushayisana phakathi komthetho ovamile waseNingizimu Afrika Nesivumelwane, Isivumelwane siyomiswa phambili.
b phakathi kwamazwe adlelanayo, uchaza umuntu noma ihhovisi eliqokwe yilelo lizwe ngaphansi kweSihloko 6 seSivumelwane saseHague sokuTholwa kweZingane phakathi kwamazwe.
Ngemuva kokubonisana noMqondisi-Jikelele eMnyangweni wezoBulungiswa neNtuthuko yoMthethosisekelo, Umqondisi-Jikelele kufanele aqhube imisebenzi eyabiwe yiSivumelwane eMikhandlwini Emikhulu yokulawula.
Ngokulandisa kwesigaba 310, uMkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika ungedlulisa amandla noma imisebenzi yeSivumelwane saseHague kumuntu osebenza eMnyangweni.
a ngesinye isakhiwo sikahulumeni; noma b yinhlangano eqokelwe ukuvikela iZingane emukelwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 259 ukwenza imisebenzi yokuthola iZingane phakathi kwamazwe.
b ungemukela amalungiselelo okuthola ingane ngendlela ehlonzwe esigabeni 260, inqobo uma kulandelwe yonke imibandela ebekiwe.
Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungemukela inhlangano eqokelwe ukuvikela ingane ukuba yenze umsebenzi wokuthola ingane ngesikhathi nangemigomo ethile.
b kufanele njalo ngonyaka yethule amabhuku ezimali acwaningiwe kuMkhandlu Omkhulu ngezimali ezitholiwe nezikhokhiwe.
Isigatshana 1 asivimbeli ukwethulwa kwemisebenzi yochwepheshe eqondene nokutholwa kwengane, singabala abameli, osongqondo noma ilunga lomunye umkhakha wochwepheshe.
Inhlangano evikela iZingane emukelwe ngokwesigaba 259 lapho yethula khona imisebenzi yokuthola iZingane ingasayina isivumelwane sokusebenza ngale ndlela nesikhungo esigunyaziwe sokuthola iZingane sakwelinye izwe..
b akufanele ithathe izinyathelo ngalezo zivumelwane ngaphambi kokuba ziphasiswe nguMkhandlu Omkhulu.
Umuntu ovame ukuhlala ezweni elinobudlelwane ofisa ukuthola ingane echitha isikhathi sayo esiningi eNingizimu Afrika kufanele afake isicelo kuMkhandlu Omkhulu ezweni elithintekayo okunobudlelwane nalo.
Uma umkhandlu omkhulu wezwe okunobudlelwane nalo weneliswa wukuthi ofake isicelo ukufanele ukuthola ingane, umkhandlu omkhulu uyobhala umbiko ngalowo muntu ohambisanayo nezidingo zeSivumelwane saseHague NgokuTholwa Kwengane phakathi kwamazwe nezinye izidingo ezinganqunywa, lapho eseqedile uyothumela umbiko kuMkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika.
Uma ikhona ingane efanele ukutholwa, Umkhandlu Omkhulu uyobhala umbiko ngengane ngendlela ehambisana yezidingo zeSivumelwane saseHague ngokuTholwa KweZingane phakathi kwamazwe kanjalo nezinye izidingo ezinganqunywa, lapho eseqedile uyothumela umbiko kumkhandlu omkhulu ezweni elithintekayo okunesivumelwane sobudlelwane nalo.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu wangaphakathi nomkhandlu omkhulu wezwe okunobudlelwane nalo bevumelana ngokuthola ingane, Umkhandlu Omkhulu wangaphakathi uyodlulisa isicelo sokuthola ingane kuhlangene nezinye izincwadi nemibiko ehlonzwe ezigatshaneni 2 no 3 enkantolo yeZingane ukuze sicutshungulwe ngokulandisa kwesigaba 240.
d amalungiselelo okuthola ingane ahambisana nezidingo zeSivumelwane saseHague sokuTholwa KweZingane phakathi kwamazwe neminye imibandela emisiwe.
g Igama lengane selihlale okungenani izinsuku ezingu-60 kwi-RACAP futhi engatholakalanga umzali waseNingizimu Afrika ofuna ukuthola ingane.
a Umkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika ungahoxisa imvume yokuthola ingane zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-140 kusukela osukwini lwemvume yokuthola ingane, uma isinqumo sihambisana nentshisekelo ephambili yengane.
b Uma kwenzeka Umkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika uhoxisa imvume, ingane kufanele iphindiselwe eNingizimu Afrika ngokushesha ngendlela echaziwe.
Umyalelo wenkantolo ohlonzwe esigatshaneni 5 uqala ukusebenza kuphela ngemuva kwesikhathi esichazwe esigatshaneni 6 lapho Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungakasihoxisi khona imvume ngesikhathi esimisiwe.
Lesi sigaba asisebenzi enganeni evame ukuhlala eNingizimu Afrika efakwe ohlwini lokutholwa kwelinye izwe yilunga lomndeni wayo noma nomuntu oyophenduka omunye wabazali bengane ngokuhlanganyela nomzali wangempela.
Imibandela yeSahluko 15 isebenza ekutholeni ingane eqondwe esigatshaneni 8.
Umuntu ovame ukuhlala ezweni elingenaso isivumelwane sobudlelwane naleli ofisa ukuthola ingane yaseNingizimu Afrika kufanele afake isicelo kumkhandlu onegunya kulelo lizwe elithintekayo.
Uma umkhandlu onegunya kulelo lizwe elingenaso isivumelwane sobudlelwane weneliswa ukuthi lowo muntu ufanele ukuthola ingane uyobhala umbiko ngalowo muntu ngendlela ehambisanayo nezidingo ezimisiwe bese ethumela umbiko kuMkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika.
Uma ikhona ingane engatholwa, Umkhandlu Omkhulu uyolungisa umbiko ohambisana nezidingo ezimisiwe bese ewuthumela emkhandlwini ofanele ezweni elithintekayo okungenasivumelwane sobudlelwane nalo.
Umkhandlu Omkhulu nesigungu esinamandla kulelozwe elithintekayo bevumelana ngokutholwa kwengane, Umkhandlu Omkhulu wakuleli uyodlulisela isicelo sokuthola ingane kanjalo namaphepha afanele nemibiko ehlonzwe esigatshaneni 2 no 3 enkantolo yeZingane ngenhloso yokucutshungulwa ngokulandisa kwesigaba 240.
g Igama lengane selihlale okungenani izinsuku ezingu-60 kwiRACAP futhi engekho eNingizimu Afrika umuntu ofuna ukuthola ingane.
a Umkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika ungahoxisa imvume yokuthola ingane zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-140 kusukela osukwini ovume ngalo ukutholisa ngengane, uma isinqumo sifeza kangcono intshisekelo yengane.
b Uma kwenzeka Umkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika uhoxisa imvume, ingane kufanele iphindisele eNingizimu Afrika ngokushesha ngendlela emisiwe.
Umyalelo wenkantolo ohlonzwe esigatshaneni 5 uqala ukusebenza kuphela ngemuva kwesikhathi esiqondwe esigatshaneni 6 nalapho Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungakayihoxisi khona imvume ngesikhathi esiqokiwe.
Lesi sigaba asisebenzi enganeni evame ukuhlala eNingizimu Afrika efakwe ohlwini lokutholwa ngovela ngaphandle kwezwe noma yilunga lomndeni wayo noma umuntu oyoba ngumzali othola ingane ngokubambisana nomzali wegazi.
Imibandela yeSahluko 15 isebenza ekutholeni ingane eqondwe esigatshaneni 8.
Uma inkantolo yeZingane yemukela isicelo sokuthola ingane ngaphansi kwesigaba 261 noma 262, Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungakhipha isitifiketi sokuhambisana nezidingo zokuthola ingane.
Umuntu ovame ukuhlala eNingizimu Afrika ofisa ukuthola ingane evame ukuhlala ezweni elinesivumelwane naleli kufanele afake isicelo eMkhandlwini Omkhulu.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu weneliswa yisimo salowo muntu, uyolungisa umbiko ngaye ngendlela ehambisana nezidingo zeSivumelwane saseHague ngokuTholwa KweZingane kwamanye amazwe nezinye izidingo ezinganqunywa bese ethumela lowo mbiko emkhandlwini walelo lizwe okusetshenziswayo nalo ngesivumelwane.
Uma itholakala ingane efanele, umkhandlu omkhulu wezwe okusetshenziswana nalo uyolungisa umbiko ngendlela ehambisana nezidingo zeSivumelwane saseHague ngokuTholwa KweZingane kwamanye amazwe bese ethumela umbiko eMkhandlwini Omkhulu walelozwe.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu wezwe kanjalo nomkhandlu omkhulu welinye okunesivumelane sobudlelwane nalo ivumelana ngokutholwa kwengane, umkhandlu ophekeme welinye izwe uyodlulisa isicelo sokuthola ingane ngaphakathi ezwe ngenhloso yokuphothula imvume efanele.
Umuntu ovame ukuhlala eNingizimu Afrika ofisa ukuthola ingane ehlala ezweni elingenaso isivumelwane sobudlelwane kufanele acele eMkhandlwini Omkhulu waleli.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu waleli weneliswa ngumuntu ofake isicelo sokuthola ingane, uyolungisa umbiko ngalowo muntu ngendlela ehambisana nezidingo zezwe okungenasivumelwane sokudlelwane nalo bese ethumela umbiko kumaziphathe ofanele walelozwe.
Uma ikhona ingane okufanele itholwe, umkhandlu onamandla afanele ezweni okungenasivumelwane sobudlelwane uyolungisa umbiko ngengane ngendlela ehambisana nezidingo ezifanele bese uwuthumela eMkhandlwini Omkhulu wakuleli.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu wakuleli nomkhandlu wangaphandle othintekayo ezweni okungenasivumelwane sobudlelwane bevumelana ngokutholwa kwengane, umkhandlu ofanele walelozwe uyodlulisela kumaziphathe ofanele isicelo ngenhloso yokuphothula isicelo sokuthola ingane.
Ukuthola ingane ezweni okunesivumelwane sobudlelwane lapho ingane ivame ukuhlala khona ngumuntu ovame ukuhlala kwelinye izwe elinesivumelwane sobudlelwane neNingizimu, kuyomukelwa yileli uma sikhona isitifiketi sokuhambisana nemibandela yokuthola ingane esikhishwe yizwe elinobudlelwane neNingizimu Afrika.
Uma singakhishwanga isitifiketi sokuhambisana nemibandela yokuthola ingane ezweni elithintekayo okunesivumelwane sobudlelwane nalo, Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungakhipha isimemezelo sokwemukela kwesinqumo sokuthola ingane.
Ukuthola ingane okuqondiswe ezigatshaneni 1 no 2 ngeke kwemukeleke, uma isinqumo senziwe ngokulandisa kwesigaba 270 esiphawula ukuthi ukuthola ingane noma isinqumo okufinyelelwe kuso ngaphansi kweSihloko 27 seSivumelwane saseHague sokuTholwa KweZingane phakathi kwamazwe asinamthelela eNingizimu Afrika.
b sakhiwe ngokuhambisana neSivumelwane saseHague sokuTholwa KweZingane phakathi kwamazwe nemithetho yamazwe achazwe esitifiketini.
b ukuthola ingane kulelo lizwe kunomthelela ofanayo nobungenzeka ukuba umyalelo bewukhishwe eNingizimu Afrika.
Uma ukutholwa kwengane kwemukelwa ngokulandisa kwesigaba 266 noma 268, isinqumo sokuthola ingane eNingizimu sinomthelela obekwe esigabeni 242.
Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungamemezela ukungemukeli uhlelo lokuthola ingane olusebenza ngaphansi kwesigaba 266 noma 268 noma isinqumo esishaywe ngeSihloko 27 seSivumelwane saseHague, uma ukuthola ingane noma isinqumo siphambene kakhulu nenqubomgomo yaseNingizimu Afrika, uma kubhekelwa izidingo nekusasa lengane.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu wezwe unquma ukuthi ukuthola ingane noma isinqumo esiphawulwe esigatshaneni 1 asemukelekile, ukuthola ingane noma isinqumo asinamthelela eNingizimu Afrika.
Umuntu okunqatshwe isicelo sakhe sokuthola ingane ngaphansi kwesigaba 270 angedlulisa isikhalo eNkantolo yeZingane ngenhloso yokuthola umyalelo ovunayo.
Imibandela yeSahluko 15 ihambisana nezinguquko ezifanele ezifunwa yingqikithi isebenza ekutholeni ingane eqondwe esigatshaneni 1.
Ngokuhambisana nesigaba 248 mayelana nokufinyelela kusomqulu weZingane ezitholiwe ufundwa ngokuhlanganyela nezinguquko ezidingwa yingqikithi, Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungadalulela umuntu oneminyaka engaphezulu kuka-18, okwathi ngesikhathi eyingane watholwa ngendlela ehambisana neSivumelwane saseHague sokuTholwa KweZingane, ulwazi olusembhalweni woMkhandlu Omkhulu maqondana nemvelaphi yalowo muntu.
Akekho umuntu ongaqhuba noma agqugquzele ukuthola iZingane phakathi kwamazwe ngendlela ehlukile kuleyo ehlonzwe kulesi Sahlulo.
b ukulwa nokuthunjwa kweZingane ngabazali.
Isivumelwane saseHague Ngokuthunjwa KweZingane Emhlabeni jikelele siyasebenza eNingizimu Afrika kanti imibandela yaso ingumthetho eNingizimu Afrika, bese kuya ngokuthi loMthetho uthini wona.
Ummeli Omkhulu womndeni kufanele aqhube imisebenzi aqokelwe yona wuMbuthano weMikhandlu Emikhulu.
Ngokuhambisana nalezo zimo ezingabekwa, Umkhandlu Omkhulu waseNingizimu Afrika ungedlulisa noma wabe amandla owathole ngaphansi kweSivumelwane saseHague ngokuThunjwa kweZingane Emhlabeni jikelele kuMmeli Omkhulu wezindaba zemindeni oqokwe ngaphansi koMthetho wokuXazulula Izindaba Ezithile zoKwehlukanisa Imishado.
Ukwedlulisa, ukwaba nezimo ezingaphoqwa kufanele zibhalwe.
Ekutholeni ukuthi sikhona yini isimo sokuthatha nokugcina ngendlela engafanele ingane ngencazelo yeSihloko 3 seSivumelwane saseHague sokuThunjwa KweZingane Emhlabeni jikelele, ngaphambi kokukhipha umyalelo wokubuyiswa kwengane, Inkantolo Ephakeme ingacela Umkhandlu Omkhulu wethule umbiko ngesimo sasekhaya sengane ngaphambi kokuba ithunjwe.
Ngaphambi kokukhipha umyalelo wokubuyiswa kwengane, inkantolo inganquma uhlelo lokukhulula okwesikhashana ingane, ofake isicelo noma ummangalelwa.
Ngesikhathi icubungula isicelo ngokulandisa kwalesi Sahluko ngokubuyiswa kwengane, inkantolo kufanele inike ingane ithuba lokwenqaba ukuphindiselwa emuva, ngokwenza njalo iveze isisindo sempikiswano lapho kuyobhekelwa khona futhi iminyaka nobudala bengane.
Ummeli kufanele ammele ingane ngendlela ehambisana nesigaba 55 kuzo zonke izicelo ezenziwe ngaphansi kweSivumelwane saseHague sokuThunjwa KweZingane phakathi kwamazwe.
b enquma izimali nokuqoqa izindleko eziqondene nesicelo seSivumelwane.
Umgomo oshaywe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 unganquma inkokhelo yenhlawulo noma isigwebo sejele esingedluli ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ngokwephula umthetho noma ngokwehluleka ukuwulandela.
b ukulawula izinga lokuhweba ngeZingane.
Isigungu seNhlangano Yezizwe Esinqanda Ukuhweba Ngabantu siyasebenza eNingizimu. Afrika kanti imibandela yaso ingumthetho kulelizwe, kuye ngemibandela ekhona yalo Mthetho.
b engasayina isivumelwane nomunye umbuso oyingxenye yesivumelwane seNhlangano yeZizwe eNqanda Ukuhweba Ngabantu mayelana nodaba lokuhweba ngeZingane ngenhloso yokweseka imibandela yeNqubo noma ukuqhubela phambili ukusebenza kwenkambiso equkethwe lapho.
Isivumelwane esihlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 akufanele lishayisane nemihlinzeko yeNqubo yeZizwe eNqanda Ukuhweba Ngabantu.
Umongameli engavuma isichibiyelo noma ukuchithwa kwesivumelwane esihlonzwe esigatshaneni 1.
Isivumelwane esihlonzwe esigatshaneni 1 noma isichibiyelo noma ukuchithwa kwaso siyoba yize ngaphambi kokuba leso sivumelwane, isichibiyelo noma isivumelwane esichithiwe siphasiswe yiPhalamende.
Akekho umuntu ophilayo noma oyisakhiwo somthetho noma umbimbi olungahweba ngengane noma luvumele lokho.
ukutholisa ngengane okwenziwe ngezindlela ezingalungile noma ezingekho emthethweni; noma b isenzo esihlosiwe sokuxhaphaza noma sokuthola ingane eqondwe endimeni a asenzekanga.
b ngendlela avame ukugunyazwa ngayo ngumqashi; noma c ngokujutshwa ngqo noma ngendlela ekhombisa imvume yomqashi, yelunga noma yomunye wobambisene nomqondisi emsebenzini.
Ubufakazi obutholwe yinkantolo bokuthi umqashi wephule isigatshana 1 siveza isizathu sokunqamula imvume noma ukubhaliswa komqashi ukuba engaqhubeki nokusebenza.
a ongaqasha noma aqashise noma avumele indlu, igumbi, isakhiwo noma indlwana isetshenziswe ngenhloso yokugcina ingane ehlukunyezwa ngokudayiswa.
b oyokhangisa, ashicilele, abhale, asakaze, asabalalise noma adale isikhangisi, ushicilelo, umbhalo, izindaba noma ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi oluveza noma olulinga uhwebo nganoma iyiphi indlela, kuhlangene nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-internet nobunye obuhlobene.
Bonke abethula izinsiza ze-internet abaqhuba umsebenzi eNingizimu Afrika kufanele babikele Umbutho wamaPhoyisa waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhungo esiqukethe ulwazi olwephula isigatshana 1.
ngemuva kokungena kwengane eNingizimu Afrika, adlulisele ingane kusonhlalakahle oqokiwe ngenhloso yokwenza uphenyo oluhambisana nesigaba 1552.
a Kubalulekile empilweni yengane ekade idayisiwe ukuba Umqondisi-Jikelele agunyaze umuntu omdala ngezindleko zombuso ukuba aphelezele ingane lapho itholwe khona iphindiselwe lapho yathathwa khona.
b Umqondisi-Jikelele akufanele aqhube ngokulandisa kwendima a ngaphandle kokweneliswa wukuthi umzali, umbheki, umnakekeli noma isihlobo sengane esinezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali bengane abanayo imali yokuhambela lapho ingane ikhona ngenhloso yokuyiphelezela lapho isibuyiswa ekhaya.
b ingabeka leyo ngane endaweni yesikhashana ephephile inkantolo yeZingane ize iphothule uphenyo.
Isiphathimandla esingamele ukuhambela kwamanye amazwe, iphoyisa, usonhlalakahle, uchwepheshe wezenhlalakahle, udokotela noma usompilo obhalisiwe oxhumana nengane ehlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa eNingizimu Afrika kufanele adlulise ingane kusonhlalakahle oqokiwe ukuze aqhube uphenyo ngendlela emiswe esigabeni 289.
b ingagcinwa endaweni ephephile yesikhashana ngesikhathi luqhubeka uphenyo.
Uma sekuphele uphenyo oluhlonzwe esigatshaneni 1, ingane efike ezweni ngaphandle komthetho yalethwa phambi kwenkantolo yeZingane ingasizwa yinkantolo ukuba ifakelwe isicelo ngaphansi koMthetho wabaBaleki ka 1998 (Umthetho 130 ka 1998).
Umphumela otholwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 156 wokuthi ingane efike ngokungemthetho ezweni ehlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa iyingane edinga ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa uyosebenza njengegunya lokuvumela ingane ihlale eNingizimu Afrika kuze kuphele isikhathi esinqunywe ngumyalelo wenkantolo.
c amathuba okuthi ingane ingabuye idayiswe, ilinyazwe noma ibulawe.
a Uma kusemqoka enganeni ekade idayisiwe, Umqondisi-Jikelele kufanele agunyaze umuntu omdala ngezindleko ezikhokhwa wumbuso ukuba aphelezele ingane ngesikhathi iphindiselwa ezweni noma endaweni eyathunjwa kulo.
b Umqondisi-Jikelele akufanele aqhube ngokulandisa kwendima a ngaphandle kokweneliswa wukuthi umzali, umbheki noma omunye umuntu onezibophezel namalungelo obuzali akanayo imali yokuhambela indawo ngenhloso yokuphelezela ingane.
Isakhamuzi noma umuntu ohlala ngokuphelele eNingizimu Afrika, oyisakhiwo somthetho noma ababambisene naye ngomsebenzi ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseNingizimu Afrika oyokwenza icala ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe elithathwa njengecala ngokulandisa kwalesi Sahluko uma belenziwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele, uyotholwa enecala lokwenza njalo, kuthathwe sengathi wephule umthetho ezweni kanti uyothola isijeziso senhlawulo enqunyelwe isenzo esifanayo.
e kwesivumelwane esiqinisekiswe yiNkantolo ePhakeme lapho kuhlala khona umzali ojube omunye umuntu noma endaweni okuhlala kuyo abazali noma bevame khona.
Ngokuveza izizathu ezinhle, inkantolo ingabeka eceleni izidingo ezibekwe esigatshaneni 1d.
Lapho umzali ojube omunye ukuba amzalele noma enobudlelwane obuphelele, inkantolo akufanele ikhiphe isiqiniseko sesivumelwane ngaphandle kokuba indoda, inkosikazi noma umasihlalisane wakhe ekhipha imvume ebhaliwe ngesivumelwane kanjalo lowo mkhwenyana, inkosikazi noma umasihlalisane wakhe beyingxenye yesivumelwane.
Lapho umama ongumfakela eshadile noma enobudlelwane obugcwele, inkantolo akufanele iqinisekise isivumelwane ngaphandle kokuba uumkhwenyana noma umasihlalisane wakhe akhiphe imvume ebhaliwe ngesivumelwane kanjalo lowo mkhwenyana noma umasihlalisane abe yingxenye yesivumelwane.
Lapho umkhwenyana noma umasihlalisane kanina ongumfakela ozale ingane ongahlobene nayo egodla imvume ngaphandle kwesizathu, inkantolo ingaqinisekisa isivumelwane.
Asikho isivumelwane sobumama esiyosebenza ngaphandle kokuba ukuzalwa kwengane okuhlonzwe esivumelwaneni sisekelwe wukusetshenziswa kwezitho zokuzalisa zabo bobabili abazali abazibophezele noma uma kungeke kwenzeke ngenxa yesimo segazi, sempilo noma esinye esemukelekile, okungenani isitho soyedwa wabazali abajube ukuzalwa kwengane ngalolu hlobo noma uma umzali ojube isinqumo ehlala yedwa, isitho salowo mzali.
beqonda futhi bemukela umthelela wezomthetho ngesivumelwane kanye nalo Mthetho kanjalo amalungelo nezibophezelo namalungelo abekiwe.
uqonda futhi wemukela umthelela wezomthetho ngesivumelwane ngokunjalo nalo Mthetho, amalungelo nezibophezelo ezibekiwe.
akasebenzisi isimo sobumama obuwumfakela njengeqhinga lokuthola imali.
v enengane noma iZingane zakhe eziphilayo.
e ngokuvamile, isivumelwane kufanele siqinisekiswe ngemuva kokubhekela zonke izimo zomuntu nomndeni wamaqembu athintekayo kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke yizidingo nekusasa lengane ezozalwa okubalulekile.
b ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-18 kusuka osukwini okuqinisekiswe ngalo isivumelwane esiphambi kwenkantolo.
Ukumithisa ngobuciko unina wengane ongumfakela esivumelwaneni esihlonzwe kulo Mthetho kuyokwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemibandela yoMthetho kaZwelonke wezeMpilo ka 2003 Umthetho No. 61 ka 2003.
f ingane ayikwazi ukufuna isondlo noma ubundlalifa kumama ongumfakela, kumkhwenyana noma kumasihlalisane wakhe noma kwesinye sezihlobo zakhe.
Noma yisiphi isivumelwane sobumama bomfakela esingahambisani nemibandela yalo Mthetho siyize leze kanti ingane ezalwe ngesizathu salezi zinyathelo zokufeza lesi sivumelwane, ngokwayo yonke inhloso, iyothathwa njengengane yowesifazane oyizalile.
Umama wengane ongumfakela nophinde abe nofuzo lwayo noma ngasiphi isikhathi ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku ezingu-60 izelwe ingane, anganqamula isivumelwane sobuzali bomfakela ngokwethula enkantolo isaziso esibhaliwe.
inkantolo inganqamula umyalelo okufinyelelwe kuwo ngaphansi kwesigaba 295 ngemuva kwesaziso esiqondiswe emaqenjini asayine isivumelwane nalapho kuvela ukuthi umama ongumfakela usinqamule ngentando yakhe isivumelwane nokuthi uwuqonda kahle umthelela wesenzo sokunqamula isivumelwane, inkantolo ingakhipha noma yimuphi umyalelo ofanele, inqobo uma ufeza kangcono izidingo nekusasa lengane.
Umama ongumfakela ngeke athwale izindleko kubazali abamjubile ngenxa yesinqumo sakhe sokuzikhethela ukunqamula ukumitha ngokulandela lesi sigaba, ngaphandle kwenkokhelo yezindleko ezithwalwe ngabazali abamjubile ngendlela echazwe esigabeni 301.
a uma isivumelwane sinqanyulwe ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, wonke amalungelo nezibophezelo ezisungulwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 297 siyoqedwa bese egidlabezwa umama wengane ongumfakela, kumkhwenyana noma kumasihlalisane wakhe, uma ekhona, uma engekho ubaba ojube ukuzalelwa ingane.
e ngokuhambisana nezigatshana a no b, ingane ayikwazi ukufuna isondlo noma ukudla ifa ebazalini abajube ukuba izalwe noma izihlobo zabo.
Isivumelwane sobumama bomfakela siyoqedwa ngokukhipha isisu okungenziwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuzikhethela Ukukhipha Isisu ka 1996 (Umthetho No. 92 ka 1996).
Ngokwenhloso yoMthetho Wokuzikhethela Ukukhipha Isisu ka 1996 Umthetho No. 92 ka 1996, isinqumo sokuhushula isisu sisemahlombe kamama wengane ongumfakela kodwa abazali abamjubile bayohlala baziswa ngokushintsha kwesimo futhi bavunyelwe ukubonisana nomama ongumfakela ngaphambi kokuhushulwa kwaso.
Umama ongumfakela ngeke abhekane nezindleko kubazali abamjubile ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwakhe ilungelo lokukhipha isisu ngokulandisa kwalesi sigaba ngaphandle kwemali yezindleko ezithwalwe ngabazali abamjubile, ngencazelo yesigaba 301 lapho isinqumo sokuhushula isisu sithathwe khona ngezinye izizathu ezingahlangene nesimo sempilo yomuntu.
Ngokuhambisana nemibandela yezigatshana no , maqondana nesivumelwane sobumama bomfakela, akekho umuntu onganika noma ethembise ukunika omunye noma oyothola komunye umuntu inkokhelo noma umhlomulo wemali noma olunye uhlobo.
c izindleko zomshuwalense onake umama ongumfakela ngayo yonke into engaholela ekufeni kwakhe noma ekukhubazekeni okudalwa wukukhulelwa.
Noma ngubani osiza ngokweluleka ngezomthetho noma ngezempilo ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa isivumelwane sobumama ongumfakela, ngokwesigaba 295 ekuqhubeni leso sivumelwane uyoba nelungelo lokuthola inkokhelo efanele.
Amagama amathimba athintekayo odabeni oluphambi kwenkantolo maqondana nesivumelwane sobumama bomfakela ngeke ashicilelwe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe yabo.
Akekho umuntu ongashicilela amaqiniso aveza igama lomuntu ngenxa yesivumelwane sobumama bomfakela.
Akekho umuntu ongamithisa ngobuciko umuntu wesifazane ngesikhathi sokuqhuba isivumelwane sobumama bomfakela noma anike usizo lokumithisa ngale ndlela ngaphandle kokuba uhlelo lugunyazwe yinkantolo ngokulandisa kwemibandela yalo Mthetho.
Akekho umuntu ongazama nganoma iyiphi indlela ongahuha ngemali umuntu ngenhloso yokumzalela ingane noma ukungena esivumelwaneni sohlobo lomama ongumfakela.
a yokuhlola leso sikhungo, mpheme noma indawo yokuquba kanjalo nabaphathi bayo; noma b yokubuka noma ukuphonsa imibuzo noma iyiphi ingane noma enze ingane ihlolwe noma ivivinywe ngudokotela olaphaya, usonhlalakahle noma usolwazi wengqondo.
a Kufanele isisebenzi ngasinye sithole isigqebhezana sokuzazisa ngokwencazelo yesigabatshana 1.
b Ngesikhathi sokuhlola isikhungo, indawo yokuhlala isikhashana, umpheme noma indawo, umuntu ogunyazwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1 kufanele lapho efunwa isigqebhezana asiveze.
f uyohlola, aphonse imibuzo umuntu, uma kudingekile asuse isihloko noma impahla ethile anezinsolo eziqinile zokuthi isetshenziswe ekwephuleni loMthetho noma ekwephuleni eminye yemibandela yalo Mthetho noma umbandela wokubhaliswa.
g uyoloba ulwazi ngobunye ubuchule obuhlanganisa ukuthwebula izithombe noma izithombe zomabonakude; noma h asebenzise amanye amandla noma aqhube umsebenzi othile ochaziwe.
a aveze ubufakazi bombiko, umbhalo, isihloko noma impahla ethathwe ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 3d noma f; kanjalo b abuyisele konke okuthathiwe singakapheli isikhathi eside ngaphandle uma lokho kuthathwe njengengxenye yobufakazi.
Umuntu ogunyazwe ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 kufanele ethule umbiko kuMqondisi-Jikelele, enhlokweni engamele umnyango wentuthuko yezenhlalakahle noma kumasipala mayelana nokuhlola okwenziwe yilowo muntu ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
i enqaba ukushiya ikhaya noma indawo okuhlala kuyo ingane; noma ii exhumana nengane ngendlela ephambene nesaziso esibhaliwe; noma q ephambana noma ehluleka ukuhambisana nesinqumo seNkantolo ePhakeme, Inkantolo Yokwehlukanisa Umshado nenkantolo yeZingane ngokulandisa kwalo Mthetho kuhlangene nesigaba 1536 noma ephambana noma ehluleka ukuhambisana nesinye isimo esiqukethwe yilowo myalelo.
b eqhuba isibophezelo sobuzali, sokunakekela ingane eyisihlobo noma egcina okwesikhashana ingane; noma c efaka isicelo sobuzali, sokunakekela ingane eyisihlobo, sokuyigcina isikhashana noma ukuthola ingane.
a ehlukumeza noma elaxaza ngamabomu ingane; noma b engayinaki ingane.
Umuntu onesibophezelo somthetho sokondla ingane unecala lokwephula umthetho uma lowo muntu ehluleka ukuhlinzeka ingane ngokudla, ngezimpahla zokugqoka, indawo yokuhlala nosizo lwemithi yokwelashwa ekubeni enamandla okwenza njalo.
Umuntu ongumnikazi, oqashisayo, umphathi, isiqashi noma ohlala emagcekeni okuqhutshwa ngaphakathi kwawo isenzo sokuhwebisa ingane ngocansi unecala lokwephula umthetho uma lowo muntu enesikhathi eqonda ngesenzo kodwa wehluleka ukubikela Umbutho Wamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika ngalolu daba.
Ngokuhambisana nesigatshana 8, umuntu otholwe ephula umthetho ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1, 2, 3, 4 no 5 unesibophezelo sokukhokha inhlawulo enganqunywa ngaphansi kwemithetho ebusayo noma athole isijezo sokuboshwa iminyaka engevile eshumini noma aboshwe futhi ahlawuliswe.
Umuntu olahlwe ngecala ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1, 2, 3, 4 noma 5 kabili noma ngaphezulu engahlawuliswa noma aboshwe isikhathi esingedluli eminyakeni engu-20 noma athole isigwebo sokuboshwa kanye nenhlawulo.
Umuntu olahlwe ngecala ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1s, ngaphezulu kwesigwebo selinye icala okungenzeka agwetshelwe lona engathola isigwebo sokuboshwa iminyaka engadluli eminyakeni engu-20 noma inhlawulo noma athole isigwebo sokuboshwa kanye nenhlawulo.
e izindaba ezivamile ezihlobene nezithinta ukuphatha kanye nenqubo efanele yokusingatha nokuqhuba lo Mthetho.
ngokuvamile kubo bonke abantu noma kuphela ezigabeni ezithile zabantu; noma iii ngokuvamile kuzo zonke izikhungo zeZingane nentsha, endaweni yokugcina iZingane okwesikhashana, emiphemeni nasezikhungweni zokuquba noma ezigabeni zalezo zikhungo, izindawo, imipheme noma izikhungo zokuquba.
b inhlawulo efanele; noma c athole inhlawulo nokuboshwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
b kuNgqongqoshe wesiFundazwe ongamele Umnyango weNtuthuko yezenhlalakahle, ngokuvumelana naye; noma c uhlaka lukahulumeni, ngokuvumelana nalolo hlaka lukahulumeni.
d akwephuci uNgqongqoshe izibophezelo zakhe eziqondene nokusebenzisa amandla noma ukwenza umsebenzi.
Ungqongqoshe engaqinisekisa, aguqule noma achithe isinqumo esithathwe ngomphumela wamandla edluliswe ngokulandisa kwalesi sigaba, inqobo uma amalungelo asetholwe ngumuntu ngenxa yesinqumo engephucwanga.
b engahoxisa amandla edlulisiwe noma ngasiphi isikhathi.
Ungqongqoshe angaba amandla noma umsebenzi anikwe wona ngokulandisa kwalo Mthetho kuNgqongqoshe wesiFundazwe ongamele uMnyango weNtuthuko yezenhlalakahle ngokuvumelana nalowo Ngqongqoshe.
d awephuci Ungqongqoshe isibophezelo sokusebenzisa amandla nokwenza umsebenzi wakhe.
Ungqongqoshe enganika isiqiniseko, aguqule noma achithe isinqumo esithathwe ngomphumela wokwabiwa noma wokwedlulisa okwenzeke ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba, inqobo uma amalungelo asetholwe ngumuntu ngenxa yegunya engephucwanga.
b engahoxisa amandla adlulisiwe noma yinini.
d awephuci uNgqongqoshe wesiFundazwe ongamele intuthuko yezenhlalakahle isibophezelo sokusebenzisa amandla nokwenza umsebenzi wakhe.
Ungqongqoshe enganika isiqiniseko, aguqule noma achithe isinqumo esithathwe ngomphumela wokwedlulisa amandla ngaphandi kwalesi sigaba, inqoba uma amalungelo asetholwe yilowo muntu ngenxa yesinqumo engephucwanga.
b angahoxisa amandla edlulisiwe noma yinini.
d akwephuci uMqondisi-Jikelele isibophezelo sokusebenzisa amandla nokwenza umsebenzi ajutshwe wona.
b engahoxisa amandla edlulisiw1 Inhloko yezifundazwe engamele intuthuko yezenhlalakahle ingedlulisa amandla nomsebenzi wayo ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho-e noma yinini.
d akwephuci inhloko yesifundazwe isibophezelo sokusebenzisa amandla noma ukwenza umsebenzi ajutshwe wona.
b ingahoxisa amandla edlulisiwe noma yinini.
Ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ezibanzi zombono womnyango, Ungqongqoshe Ongamele Intuthuko yezenhlalakahle engasayina isivumelwane nenhlangano evikela iZingane noma nomunye umuntu ukuba ethule imisebenzi engahlinzekwa kulo Mthetho yileyo nhlangano noma isikhungo, izikhathi ngezikhathi.
Ungqongqoshe Ongamele Intuthuko yezenhlalakahle angedlulisa amandla enhlanganweni noma kumuntu othile amandla nomsebenzi olawulwa kulo Mthetho ngendlela edingekayo yokwenza kahle umsebenzi.
Isigaba 307 sifundwa ngokuhlanganyela nalezo zinguquko ezifanele siyasebenza maqondana nokwedluliswa kwamandla okumiswe esigatshaneni 2.
Umthetho ophawulwe ensikeni yesibili kaSheduli 4 ichitshiyelwa ngendlela echazwe ensikeni ysithathu yeSheduli.
Konke okwenziwe ngokulandela umthetho ocinywe ngaphansi kwesigaba 313 okungenziwa ngaphansi kombandela walo Mthetho, kufanele kuthathwe njengokwenziwe ngokulandisa kombandela walo Mthetho.
Lo Mthetho uyobizwa ngoMthetho WeZingane ka 2002, kanti uyoqala ukusebenza ngosuku oluyonqunywa ukhishwe ngesaziso nguMongameli.
c ukuqinisekisa ngokwemukelwa Kwamazwe Azibophezele ngokuthola iZingane okwenziwe ngokuhambisana neSivumelwane.
Isivumelwane siyosebenza lapho ingane ivame khona ukuhlala kwelinye lezwe Elizibophezele Izwe evela kulo lapho ivela khona, ikhona noma izothuthelwa khona Izwe elithola ingane kungaba emuva kokutholwa kwengane ngabazali noma ngumuntu ovame ukuhlala ezweni eliyemukelayo noma ngokwenhloso yalokho kuthola ingane, ezweni elithola ingane noma izwe evela kulo.
Isivumelwane senabela kuphela eZinganeni ezitholiwe okudaleka khona ubudlelwane obuphelele phakathi komzali nengane.
Isivumelwane siphela ukusebenza uma izivumelwane eziphawulwe eSihlokweni 17, indinyana c, ingakhishwanga ngaphambi kokuba ingane ifinyelele eminyakeni engu -18 ubudala.
c uqinisekisile ukuthi abantu, izikhungo nemikhandlu okufunwa imvume yayo ukuze ingane itholwe yelulekwe ngendlela efanele futhi yazisiwe ngomthelela wokuvuma kwabo, ikakhulu umthelela wokuthi ukutholisa ngengane noma ukungatholisa ngayo kuyoholela ekunqumukeni kobuhlobo phakathi kwengane nomndeni evela kuwo, labo bantu, izikhungo nemikhandlu izivumele ngohlobo oludingekayo lomthetho futhi yazwakalisa ukwenze njalo ngendlela ebhaliwe, ayiphoqwanga imvume ngenkokhelo noma ngokunxenxa okuthile futhi ayihoxiswanga imvume, lapho kudingekile, imvume yomama wengane ikhishwe kuphela ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, futhi d sekuqinisekisiwe, kwahlolwa iminyaka yengane nezinga lomqondo wayo, uyosizwa ngokwelulekwa aziswe ngokwenele ngomthelela wokuthola ingane nangemvume yakhe yokutholisa ngengane, uma idingeke imvume, izifiso nombono wengane sewucutshunguliwe, imvume yengane ngokuyitholisa seyitholiwe, uma idingeke leyo mvume, futhi kufanele ikhishwe ngokuzithandela, ngohlobo lomthetho olufunekayo futhi ibe nobufakazi obubhaliwe, leyo mvume ingahuhwanga ngemali noma ngenkokhelo yolunye uhlobo.
c inqube ukuthi ingane inelungelo noma iyogunyazwa ukungena nokuhlala ngokugcwele Ezweni.
Izwe Elizibophezele liyobumba Umkhandlu Omkhulu wokuqhuba imisebenzi emiselwe leyo mikhangu yiSivumelwane.
Izifunda ezizimele, Amazwe anohlelo lomthetho olungaphezulu kolulodwa noma oHulumeni abanezifunda ezizimele bakhululekile ukuqoka ngaphezulu koMkhandlu owodwa Omkhulu nokuchaza ukuthi umsebenzi wabo uhamba ugcine kuphi nomngcele. Lapho uHulumeni eqoke khona Imikhandlu Emikhulu engaphezulu kowodwa, uyoqoda lowo Mkhandlu okoxhunyanwa nawo ngenhloso yokwedlulisa yonke into ngaphakathi kwezwe.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu iyobambisana futhi ikhuthaze ukuxhumana phakathi kwemikhandlu enamandla afanele kulawo mazwe ngenhloso yokuvikela iZingane nokuzuza izinhloso zeSivumelwane.
b ukwazisana ngokusebenza kweSivumelwane nokuzama ukunciphisa izihibe zokusebenza kwawo.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu iyothatha zonke izinyathelo ezifanele zokunqanda umkhuba wokuthola izimali noma olunye uhlobo lomhlomulo oqondene nokuthola ingane nokuthena amandla yonke imikhuba ephikisana nezinhloso zeSivumelwane.
e ukuphendula ngendlela evunywe wumthetho wezwe ngenhloso yokwenelisa izicelo ezevela kweminye Imikhandlu Emikhulu noma imikhandlu yomphakathi mayelana nolwazi oluthile lwesimo sokuthola ingane.
Ukwemukelwa kuyonikwa futhi kusingathwe yizigungu ezikhombise igalelo elifanele lokuqhuba ngendlela efanele imisebenzi ezinikwe wona.
c siyoba ngaphansi kweso lemikhandlu efanele yalowo Hulumeni mayelana nendlela exube, esebenza nesimo sayo sezimali.
Isigungu esemukelwe kwelinye lamazwe azibophezele singammela elinye kuphela uma imikhandlu efanele yamazwe omabili eligunyazile.
Ukuqokwa kweMikhandlu Emikhulu nalapho kufanele igalelo lemisebenzi yayo kanjalo amagama namakheli ezigungu ezemukelwe, kuyodluliswa Yizwe ngalinye Elizibophezele Eziko Elimile leNgqungquthela yaseHague Engamele Umthetho Wangasese Wamazwe omhlaba.
Abantu abavame ukuhlala Ezweni Elizibophezele nabafuna ukuthola ingane ehlala kwelinye Izwe Elizibophezele bayofaka isicelo Emkhandlwini Omkhulu wezwe abavame abahlala kulo.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu wezwe Elizibophezele weneliswa wukuthi umuntu ofake isicelo ufanele ukuthola ingane, uyolungisa umbiko oxuba imininingwane ngomazisi, isimo sokufanela ukuthola ingane, imvelaphi, umlando womndeni nempilo, isimo senhlalonhle esiholela ekutholeni ingane, amandla okuthola ingane yakwelinye izwe kanjalo nezimpawu zengane abangakwazi ukuyinakekela.
Umkhandlu walelozwe uyothumela umbiko eMkhandlwini Omkhulu okuvela kuyo ingane.
d ngokubheka imibiko yemininingwane eqondene nengane nabazali abahlongozwayo, uyonquma ukuthi ukubekwa kwengane kuyozifeza kangcono yini izidingo zayo.
Umkhandlu Omkhulu wezwe okuvela kuyo ingane uyodlulisela ezweni elemukela ingane imibiko ngengane, ubufakazi bokuthi itholakele imvume yokuthola ingane nezizathu zokuthatha isinqumo sokuba ingane itholwe, uyoqikelela ukungadaluli igame likanina noyise uma izwe evela kulo lingathandi ukudalula lolu lwazi.
d Kunqunywe ngokulandisa kweSihloko 5 ukuthi abazali abasha bengane bakulungele ukuthola ingane nokuthi ingane inelungelo noma iyogunyazwa ukungena nokuhlala ngokugcwele ezweni etholwa kulo.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu yamazwe omabili iyothatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuthola imvume yengane ukuze iphume ezweni lendabuko nokungena bese ihlala ngokugcwele kwelinye izwe.
Ukwedlulisa ingane kwelinye izwe kungenziwa kuphela uma sezenelisiwe izidingo zeSihloko 17.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu yemibuso yomibili iyoqinisekisa ngokuthi ukwedluliswa kwengane kuphephile futhi nezimo zilungile, uma kwenzeka iyophelezelwa ngumzali oyitholayo noma oyifunayo.
Uma ukwedlulisa ingane kungenzeki, imibiko eqondiswe eSihlokweni 15 no 16 iyobuyiselwa emuva emikhandlwini eyedlulisile.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu iyokwazisana ngenqubo yokutholwa kwengane nezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuyiqeda kanjalo nenqubekelaphambili ngokubekwa kwengane uma igcinwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokugcinwe ngokuphelele.
c njengomzamo wokugcina, ukuhlela ukuphindiselwa emuva kwengane, uma lesi sinqumo sifeza kangcono izidingo zengane.
Ngokucabangela imininingwane efana neminyaka nezinga lokuvuthwa komqondo wengane, kuyoboniswana nengane, uma kufanele imvume yayo itholakale mayelana nemizamo okufanele yenziwe ngaphansi kwalesi Sihloko.
Imisebenzi yoMkhandlu Omkhulu engaphansi kwalesi Sihloko ingenziwa yimikhandlu yomphakathi noma yizinhlangano ezemukelwe ngaphansi kweSahluko III kuye ngendlela evunywe yimithetho kahulumeni.
b abagunyaziwe ngokuhambisana neqophelo lokuziphatha elilindelwe nokuqeqeshwa noma ulwazi lomsebenzi ekusebenzeni emkhakheni wokuthola ingane phakathi kwamazwe.
Izwe Elizibophezele elikhipha incazelo ehlinzekwe endimeni 2 liyokwazisa ngaso sonke isikhathi Iziko Laphakade leNgqungquthela yaseHague loMthetho Wangasese Wamazwe Omhlaba ngamagama namakheli ezinhlangano nabantu.
Izwe Elizibophezele lingachazela Amazwe Azibophezele ukuthi ukutholwa kweZingane ezivame ukuhlala ezweni kwenzeke kuphela uma imisebenzi yeMikhandlu ePhakeme iqhutshwe ngokufanele ngendlela ehambisana nendima 1.
Ngaphandle kwencazelo ebekwe endimeni 2, imibiko ehlinzekelwe Izihloko 15 no 16 iyobhalwa ngaphansi kweso loMkhandlu Omkhulu noma eminye noma izinhlangano ngokulandisa kwendima 1, lenqubo iyosebenza ezigamekweni zonke.
Ukuthola ingane okuqinisekiswe wumkhandlu onamandla afanele kahulumeni ngokutholwa kwengane ngendlela ehambisana neSivumelwane kuyokwemukelwa emthethweni Yizwe Elizibophezele. Isitifiketi siyochaza isikhathi nokuthi ngubani osayine ezivumelwaneni ngencazelo yeSihloko 17, indinyana c.
Izwe ngalinye ezilibophezele ngesikhathi lisayina, lemukela, liguqula, liphasisa noma libuyekeza liyokwazisa isigungu samazwe anobudlelwane ngegama nemisebenzi yomkhandlu noma imikhandlu enamandla afanele okukhipha izitifiketi kulelozwe. Liyophinde lazise isigungu ngazo zonke izinguquko ngezikhundla zaleyo mikhandlu.
Ukwemukela isimo sengane etholiwe kungenqatshwa Ngamazwe Azibophezele kuphela uma ukutholwa kwengane kuphambene kakhulu nenqubomgomo yomphakathi, lapho kubhekelwa khona intshisekelo nezidingo zengane.
Noma yiliphi izwe elizibophezele lingadululela isigungu ukuthi ngeke libophezeleke Esivumelwaneni ngenhloso yokwemukela ukutholwa kwengane okwenziwe ngokulandela isivumelwane esisayinwe ngokusebenzisa Isihloko 39, indima 2.
c ukuqeda ubuhlobo okade bukhona phakathi kwengane nonina noyise, uma ukutholwa kwengane kunomthelela Ezweni Elizibophezele lapho senziwa khona isivumelwane.
Esigamekweni sokuthola ingane okunomthelela wokuqeda ubuhlobo bengane nomzali, Ezweni etholwa kulo nalelo elamukela isimo sokutholwa, ingane iyogunyazeka ukuthola amalungelo afanayo nalawo awumphumela wokutholwa anomthelela ofanayo ezweni ngalinye.
Izindima ezidlule ngeke zibeke engcupheni ukusebenza kombandela ovuna kangcono ingane osebenzayo Ezweni Elizibophezele elemukela ukutholwa kwengane.
b uma imvume ephawulwe Esihlokweni 4, indinyana c no d inikiwe ngokwenhloso yokutholwa kwengane.
Isihloko 23 sisebenza ezinqumeni eziguqula ukutholwa kwengane.
Isivumelwane asiphazamisi umthetho wezwe okuvela kulo ingane elidinga ukuba ingane etholiwe evame ukuhlala kulelozwe ihlala lapho noma ovimbela ukubekwa kwengane noma ukwedluliswa kwayo ezweni eliyitholayo ngaphambi kokuyithatha.
Ngeke kube nokuxhumana phakathi kwabazali abafuna ingane nabazali boqobo bengane noma nomunye umuntu onakekela ingane ngaphambi kokuba zonke izidingo zeSihloko 4, indinyana a kuya ku c neSihloko 5, indinyana a zilandelwe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle uma ukutholwa kwengane kwenzeka ngaphakathi emndenini noma isivumelwane sihambisana nezimo ezisungulwe wumkhandlu ofanele ezweni okuvela kulo ingane.
Imikhandlu enamandla afanele Ezweni Elizibophezele iyoqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi olugcinwe ngabazali mayelana nemvelaphi yengane, ikakhulu ulwazi oluthinta imininingwane yabazali kanjalo nomlando wezempilo luyalondolozwa.
Imikhandlu iyoqinisekisa ukuthi ingane noma oyimele uyafinyelela elwazini avunyelwe ukuluthola ngaphansi komthetho walelozwe lapho eyoholwa khona ngendlela efanele.
Ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni Isihloko 30, ulwazi oluqondene nomuntu oluqoqwe noma lwathunyelwa ngokulandisa kwesivumelwane, ikakhulu imininingwane eqondwe eSihlokweni 15 no 16 luyosetshenziswa kuphela inhloso oluqoqelwe noma oluthunyelwe yona.
Akekho umuntu oyothola ulwazi lwezimali noma olunye uhlobo ngesenzo esincike ekutholeni ingane okwenzeka phakathi kwamazwe.
Imali eyohlawuliswa yileyo kuphela yezindleko kuhlangene nemali yochwepheshe efanele yabantu ababambe iqhaza ekutholweni kwengane.
Abaqondisi, abaphathi nabasebenzi bezigungu ezibandanyekayo ekutholeni ingane ngeke zihole imali enkulu engenamqondo ngemisebenzi abayenzile.
Umkhandlu onamandla afanele othola ukuthi kunemibandela yeSivumelwane engahlonishwanga noma okunengozi yokuba ingahlonishwa uyokwazisa Umkhandlu Omkhulu wezwe lawo ngokushesha. Lo Mkhandlu Omkhulu uyoba nesibophezelo sokuqinisekisa ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele.
Uma umkhandlu onamandla wezwe okuthunyelwa kulo umqulu ucela, kufanele unikwe umqulu ohunyushiwe onesiqiniseko sokuthi uyahambisana nowokuqala ongahunyushiwe. Ngaphandle uma kuhlinzekwe ngenye indlela, izindleko zokuhumusha ziyothwalwa ngabazali abafuna ukuthola ingane.
Umkhandlu onamandla wezwe elizibophezele liyoqhuba ngokushesha umsebenzi wengane etholwayo.
d isimo esiqondiswe ezigungwini ezemukelwe kulelozwe ziyothathwa njengeziqonde izigungu ezemukelwe kuleso sifunda.
Mayelana nezwe elisebenzisa izinhlelo zomthetho ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezisebenza emikhakheni ehlukene yabantu, okuqondiswe emthethweni walelozwe kuyothathwa njengokuqonde uhlolo lomthetho ochazwe emthethweni walelozwe.
Izwe lapho izifunda ezehlukeni zinemithetho yazo eqondene nokuthola ingane ngeke zibophezelwe ukusebenzisa Isivumelwane lapho izwe elinohlelo olulodwa lomthetho lingabophezeleki khona.
Isivumelwane asiphazamisi isikhali esisetsheniswa emhlabeni nalapho Amazwe Azibophezele eyingxenye yesivumelwane esiqukethe imibandela ezindabeni ezilawulwa yiSivumelwane ngaphandle uma kunesinqumo esiphikisayo esenziwe Ngamaqembu Amazwe athintekayo kuleso sikhali.
Isivumelwane siyosebenza kuzo zonke iziwombe lapho isicelo esilandela Isihloko 14 sitholwe ngemuva kokuba Isivumelwane siqalile ukusebenza ezweni elithola nokuvela kulo ingane.
Unobhala-Jikelele weNgqungquthela yaseHague yoMthetho Wangasese Wamazwe Omhlaba uyobizwa ngezikhawu ezithile yiKhomishani Ehlukile ngenhloso yokubuyekeza indlela okungasebenza kahle ngayo Isivumelwane.
Isivumelwane siyovuleleka ukusayinwa Ngamazwe Angamalunga Engqungquthela yaseHague Ngomthetho Ozimele Wamazwe Omhlaba ngesikhathi ehlangene Okweshumi nesikhombisa nangamanye amazwe abambe iqhaza kuleyo Ngqungquthela.
Imishwana yokugcina iyomukelwa, ivunywe noma iphasiswe kanjalo nezikhali zokwemukela, zokuvuma nokuphasisa ziyonikwa Iziko Lezindaba Zangaphandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands obhekele Amazwe alombuthano.
Elinye izwe lingemukela Isivumelwane ngemuva kokuqala kwaso ukusebenza ngendlela ehambisana neSihloko 46, indima 1.
Isikhali sokufinyelela siyobekwa engosini yokulondoloza.
Lokho kufinyelela kuyoba nomthelela kuphela oqondene nobudlelwane phakathi nezwe elifinyelela kubo namazwe azibophezele angazange aphikisane nesinqumo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuthola isinqumo sokwemukela esiqondiswe endinyaneni b yeSihloko 48. Ukuphikisa kungaphakanyiswa Ngamazwe ngesikhathi emukela, evuma noma ephasisa Isivumelwane. Ukuphikisa okuvelayo kuyokwaziswa umgcini zivumelwane.
Uma Izwe linezifunda ezimbili noma ngaphezulu okusebenza kuzo izinhlelo ezehlukene zomthetho maqondana nodaba oludingidwa Esivumelwaneni, kungaba yisikhathi sokusayina, sokwemukela, sokuvuma noma sokuphasisa linquma ukuba Isivumelwane selulelwe kuzo zonke ezinye izifunda zalo noma kwesisodwa noma ngaphezulu futhi lingakwazi ukuchibiyela lesi sinqumo ngokwethula esinye noma yinini.
Leso sinqumo siyokwaziswa umgcini zivumelwane futhi siyochaza ngokucacile lezo zifunda okuyosebenza kuzo Isivumelwane.
Uma Izwe lingadaluli lutho ngaphansi kwalesi Sihloko, Isivumelwane siyonabela kuzo zonke ezinye izifunda zalelozwe.
Isivumelwane siyoqala ukusebenza ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga elandela ukuphela kwezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokwethulwa kwesikhali sesithathu sokwemukela, sokuvuma noma sokuphasiswa okuphawulwe eSihlokweni 43.
b Esifundeni okwelulwe kuso isivumelwane ngendlela ehambisana neSihloko 45 ngosuku lokuqala enyangeni elandela ukuphela kwezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kwesaziso esiphawulwe kuleso Sihloko.
Izwe elibandanyekayo Esivumelwaneni lingasichitha ngokwazisa ngendlela ebhaliwe umgcini zivumelwane.
Ukuchitha isivumelwane kuqala ukusebenza ngosuku lokuqala enyangeni elandela ukuphela kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ngemuva kokuba umgcini zivumelwane ethole isaziso salolu hlobo. Uma kunesikhathi esidlula lesi okungachithwa ngaso isivumelwane esichazwe esazisweni, ukuchitha isivumelwane kuyoqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokuphela kwaleso sikhathi esinqunyiwe ngemuva kokuba umgcini zivumelwane enikwe isaziso.
f ukuchithwa kwezivumelwane eziqondwe eSihlokweni 47.
Esisayinwe eHague, ngomhlakaenyangeni ka...19...ngolimi lwesiNgisi nesiFulentshi, yomibili imibhalo okuyiyona ngqo, ibhalwe ngombhalo owodwa oyolondolozwa eMtapweni woMbuso waseNetherlands, kanjalo okuyothunyelwa ikhophi eqinisekisiwe, ngemigudu efanele yosomaqhinga eLungeni ngalinye leZwe Eliyingxenye yeNgqungquthela yaseHague Ngomthetho Wangasese Wamazwe Omhlaba ngosuku Lombuthano Wesikhombisa nakwamanye amazwe ngamanye abambe iqhaza kulowo Mbuthano.
b. ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo okugcina nokufinyelela kwelinye izwe ngaphansi komthetho wezwe elizibophezele ayahlonishwa kwelinye futhi izwe elizibophezele.
Amazwe Azibophezele ayothatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ngaphakathi emikhandlwini yawo izinjongo zeSivumelwane ziyalandelwa. Ngale nhloso, ayosebenzisa leyo nqubo ephuthumayo nehamba phambili.
b. ngesikhathi sokususwa noma sokugcinwa kwengane, lawo malungelo ayesetshenziswa, ngokuhlanganyela noma ngamunye noma ayengasetshenzisw ukuba ingane ayisuswanga noma ayigcinwanga.
c. Amalungelo okugcina ingane aphawulwe endinyaneni a ngenhla, angaqhamuka ikakhulu ngokusebenza komthetho noma ngesizathu sesinyathelo somthetho noma sokuphatha noma ngesizathu sesivumelwane esinomthelela womthetho ngokulandisa komthetho wezwe.
Isivumelwane siyosebenza enganeni ebivame ukuhlala eZweni Elizibophezele esikhathini esingaphambili kancane kokwephula ilungelo lokugcina noma lokuvumela ingane ingene ezweni. Isivumelwane siyoma ukusebenza lapho ingane ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-16 yobudala.
b. 'amalungelo okungena ezweni', ayoxuba ilungelo lokuthatha ingane iyiswe ethile okwesikhashana lapho ingane ingavamile khona ukuhlala.
Izwe Elizibophezele liyoqoka Umkhandlu Omkhulu uqhube imisebenzi enqunywe yiSivumelwane kuleyo mikhandlu.
Izifundazwe ezizimele, amazwe anohlelo olungaphezulu kolulodwa lomthetho noma amazwe anezinhlangano zezifunda ezizimele zikhululekile ukuqoka ngaphezulu koMkhandlu Omkhulu owodwa nomkhawulo wamandla azo ezifundeni. Lapho izwe liqoke Umkhandlu ongaphezulu kowodwa, uyoqoka Umkhandlu Omkhulu okuyothunyelwa kuwo izicelo ngenhloso yokuzedlulisela eMkhandlwini Omkhulu oqondene kulelozwe.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu iyobambisana futhi ikhuthaze ukusebenzisana neminye imikhandlu enamandla afanele emazweni ehlukene ukuze iZingane zibuyiswe kalula nokuzuza ezinye izinhloso zalesi Sivumelwane.
zokwazisana ngokusebenza kwalesi Sivumelwane nalapho kwenzeka khona, ukuqeda izingqinamba zokusebenza kwaso.
Noma ngubani, isikhungo noma enye inhlangano ebeka ukuthi ingane isusiwe noma igcinwe ngendlela ephula amalungelo okugcina iZingane ingafaka isicelo eMkhandlwini Omkhulu walapho kuvame khona ukuhlala ingane noma Emkhandlwini Omkhulu welinye Izwe Elizibophezele ngenhloso yokuthola usizo lokubuyiswa kwengane.
d. lonke ulwazi olukhona maqondana nalapho ingane ikhona nemininingwane yomuntu okufanele ngabe uhleli nengane.
f. Isitifiketi noma umbiko ofungelwe osuka eMkhandlwini Omkhulu noma emkhandlwini ofanele wezwe okuvame ukuhlala kulo ingane noma kumuntu ogunyaziwe mayelana nomthetho ofanele walelozwe.
g. omunye umbhalo ofanele.
Uma Umkhandlu Omkhulu othola isicelo esiphawulwe eSihlokweni 8 unenkolelo yokuthi ingane ikwelinye Izwe Elizibophezele, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi iyothumela isicelo kulowo Mkhandlu Omkhulu wezwe Elizibophezele bese lazisa Umkhandlu Omkhulu noma umuntu ofake isicelo, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Umkhandlu Omkhulu wezwe lapho ingane ikhona uyothatha noma uyosiza ngezinyathelo eziyoholela ekubuyisweni kwengane ngaphandle kwempoqo.
Imikhandlu yobulungiswa nokuphatha Ezweni Elizibophezele iyothatha izinyathelo ngokushesha emcimbini wokubuyiswa kweZingane.
Uma umkhandlu wobulungiswa oqondene ungafinyelelanga esinqumeni ngaphambi kwamasonto ayisithupha kusukela osukwini okuqalwe ngalo udaba, ofake isicelo noma Umkhandlu Omkhulu Wezwe elizibophezele, ngokwalo noma ngokucelwa nguMkhandlu Omkhulu Wezwe elicelayo uyoba nelungelo lokucela Emkhandlwini Omkhulu wezwe elicelayo ukuba amandla edluliselwe eMkhandlwini wezwe elicelayo impendulo noma kulowo ofake isicelo, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Uma ingane isuswe noma igcinwe ngephutha ngokulandisa kweSihloko 13, kanti ngosuku lokuqala kodaba olwethulwe enkundleni yobulungiswa noma emkhandlwini wokuphatha wezwe elizibophezele okuhlala kulo ingane, futhi ungakapheli unyaka kusukela osukwini lokuthathwa noma lokususwa ngephutha kwengane, umkhandlu oqondene uyoyalela ukuba ingane ibuyiswe ngokushesha.
Umkhandlu wobulungiswa noma wokuphatha noma ngabe udaba luqalwe ngemuva konyaka okuphawulwe endimeni engenhla uyoyalela ukubuyiswa kwengane ngphandle uma kunobufakazi bokuthi ingane seyihleli ngokuzotha endaweni yayo entsha.
Lapho umkhandlu wobulungiswa noma wokuphatha ezweni elifake isicelo unenkolelo yokuthi ingane yedluliselwe kwelinye izwe, kufanele uchaze uhlelo okwenzeke ngalo nokuchitha isicelo sokubuyisa ingane.
a. umuntu, isikhungo noma isigungu esinakekele ingane asisebenzisanga ilungelo elinaso sokugcina ingane ngesikhathi kususwa noma kugcinwa ingane noma sasivumile noma savumela isimo kamuva sokususwa nokugcinwa kwengane; noma b. kunengozi enkulu yokuthi uma ingabuyiswa ingane lokho kuyoyibeka engozini yokulimala umzimba noma umphefumulo noma kubeke ingane esimweni esingabekezeleki.
c. uMkhandlu wobulungiswa noma wokuphatha ungaphinde wenqabe ukukhipha umyalelo wokubuyisa ingane uma uthola ukuthi ingane iyaphikisana nokubuyiswa futhi seyifinyelele eminyakeni nasezingeni lokuvuthwa ngomqondo lapho ikwazi khona ukuveza umbono ofanele.
d. ekucubunguleni zonke izimo eziphawulwe kulesi Sihloko, imikhandlu yobulungiswa nokuphatha iyobhekela ulwazi oluthinta imuva lenhlalonhle yengane olwethulwe nguMkhandlu Omkhulu noma esinye isikhungo esifanele sendawo okuhlala kuyo ingane.
Ekutholeni ukuthi ingane isuswe noma igcinwe ngephutha ngokwencazelo yeSihloko 3, imikhandlu yobulungiswa noma yokuphatha yezwe elicelayo ingaqaphela lokho okuhlinzekwe wumthetho kanjalo nezinqumo zobulungiswa noma zokuphatha ezemukelwe ngokusemthethweni noma ngenye indlela ezweni okuhlala kulo ingane ngaphandle kokwethembela enqubeni ethile ngenhloso yokuthola ubufakazi balowo mthetho noma ukwethembela kwezinye izinqumo zakwamanye amazwe ezingase zisetshenziswe.
Ngaphambi kokukhipha umyalelo wokubuyisa ingane, Imikhandlu yobulungiswa noma yokuphatha ezweni Elizibophezele ingacela ofake isicelo athole emikhandlwini yezwe okuhlala kulo ingane isinqumo noma umhlahlandlela ochaza ukuthi ukususwa noma ukugcinwa kwengane kwakuphambene nencazelo yeSihloko 3 seSivumelwane, lapho leso sinqumo singatholakala kulelozwe. Imikhandlu Emikhulu Yamazwe Azibophezele iyozama ngawo wonke amandla ukusiza ofake isicelo ngokuthola leso sinqumo.
Ngemuva kokuthola isaziso sokususa noma sokugcina ngokungemthetho ingane ngendlela elandiswa eSihlokweni 3, Imikhandlu yobulungiswa noma yokuphatha yezwe elizibophezele okuyiswe noma okugcinwe kulo ingane ngeke ithathe isinqumo ngobuqiniso bamalungelo okugcina ingane ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi ingane ngeke ibuyiselwe emuva ngaphansi kwalesi Sivumelwane noma ngaphandle kokuba isicelo esifakwe ngokweSivumelwane singenziwanga ngesikhathi ngemuva kokuthola isaziso.
Ukuthi isinqumo esithinta ukugcina ingane senziwe noma sinelungelo lokwemukelwa ezweni elifake isicelo akusona isizathu esenele sokwenqaba ukuphindisela emuva ingane ngokweSivumelwane kodwa imikhandlu yobulungiswa noma yokuphatha ezweni elifake isicelo ingabhekela izizathu zaleso sinqumo ekusebenziseni Isivumelwane.
Imibandela yalesi Sahluko ayinciphisi amandla omkhandlu wobulungiswa noma wokuphatha olawula ukubuyiselwa emuva kwengane noma ngasiphi isikhathi.
Isinqumo esithathwe ngaphansi kwalesi Sivumelwane mayelana nokubuyiswa kwengane ngeke sithathiswe okwesinqumo ngokubheka nje isimo sokugcinwa kwengane.
Ukubuyiswa kwengane ngaphansi kweSihloko 12 kungenqatshwa uma isenzo singemukelwe yizinkambiso ezinqala zezwe elicelwayo maqondana nokuvikela amalungelo esintu nenkululeko jikelele.
Isicelo sokwenza amalungiselelo okuhlela nokuthola isiqiniseko samalungelo okungena ezweni singethulwa Emikhandlwini ePhakeme Yamazwe Azibophezele ngendlela efanayo nesicelo sokubuyisa ingane.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu inezibophezelo zokubambisana nemigomo ebekwe eSihlokweni 7 ngenhloso yokukhuthaza igunya lokusebenzisa ngokukhululeka ilungelo lokungena ezweni nokufeza zonke izimo ezihambisana nalelo gunya. Imikhandlu Emikhulu iyothatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokususa zonke izingqinamba eziphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwalawo malungelo. Ngendlela eqondile noma ehlukile ngesikhathi sokuqala kodaba, Imikhandlu Emikhulu iyoqala noma isize ngenhloso yokuhlela noma yokuvikela lamalungelo nokuqinisekisa indlela yokuhlonishwa kwezimo okusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwazo lamalungelo.
Asikho isibambiso, inkokhelo ehamba phambili noma ngabe ichazwe kanjani eyofuneka ngenhloso yokwenza isiqiniseko sokukhokhwa kwezindleko eziyovela ngenhla yomcimbi wobulungiswa noma wokuphatha othinteka ngaphansi kwalesi Sivumelwane.
Awukho umdati wezomthetho noma isimo esifanayo esiyofuneka ngokwendikimba yalesi Sivumelwane.
Noma yisiphi isicelo noma umbhalo othunyelwe eMkhandlwini Omkhulu wezwe elicelwayo uyothulwa ngolimi obhalwe ngalo okokuqala bese uphelezelwa ngumbhalo ohunyushelwe kolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni ezweni elicelwayo noma uma kwenzeka ube ngesiNgisi noma ngesiFulentshi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokweSihloko 42, izwe elinesibophezelo lingahoxisa olunye lwalezi zilimi isiFulentshi noma isiNgisi kodwa hhayi zombili esicelweni, endleleni yokuxhumana noma komunye umbhalo othunyelwe eMkhandlwini Omkhulu.
Izakhamizi Zamazwe Azibophezele nabantu abavame ukuhlala kulawo mazwe bayoba nelungelo lokuxhumana nabomthetho nezeluleko ngezindaba ezithinta ukusebenza kwalesi Sivumelwane kwelinye izwe elizibophezele ngezimo ezifanayo kube sengathi ngokwabo bayizakhamizi futhi bahlala kulelozwe.
Umkhandlu ngamunye uyothwala izindleko zawo lapho usebenzisa Isivumelwane.
Imikhandlu Emikhulu neminye imisebenzi yomphakathi emazweni azibophezele ngeke ifake ingcindezi yokukhokha mayelana nezicelo ezethulwe ngaphansi kwalesi Sivumelwane. Ikakhulu ngeke zidinge inkokhelo yomuntu ofake isicelo ngezindleko zodaba oluqhubekayo, uma kwenzeka lezo ezidaleke ngeqhaza lommeli noma labeluleki. Kubalulekile kodwa ukuthi umkhandlu ungafuna inkokhelo ethile yezindleko zokuthuthwa kwengane lapho seyibuyiswa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izwe elizibophezele ngesicelo sokuhoxisa ulimi oluthile njengoba silandisa Isihloko 42, lingachaza ukuthi alizibophezeli ekuthwaleni izindleko eziqondwe endimeni edlulile ezidalwe yiqhaza labammeli nabeluleki noma uhlelo lwenkantolo ngaphandle uma lezo zindleko zingaqoqwa wuhlelo lwayo lwezobulungiswa nokukhishwa kwezeluleko.
Emyalelweni wokubuyisela emuva ingane noma emyalelweni othinta amalungelo okungena ezweni ngaphansi kwalesi Sivumelwane, imikhandlu yobulungiswa noma yokuphatha ingajuba umuntu osuse noma ogcine ingane noma oyenqabele amalungelo okungena akhokhe izindleko ezifanele ezithwalwe ngofake isicelo kuhlangene nezindleko zohambo, ezinye ezithwaliwe noma inkokhelo yokufuna ingane, izindleko zabammeli bofake isicelo nalezo zokubuyisa ingane.
Uma kucaca ukuthi izidingo zalesi Sivumelwane azifezeki noma isicelo asinasisekele esigculisayo, Umkhandlu Omkhulu awubophezelekile ukwemukela isicelo. Kuleso simo, Umkhandlu Omkhulu uyokwazisa ngokushesha ofake isicelo noma Umkhandlu Omkhulu okwethulwe kuwo isicelo, kuye ngesimo ngasinye sezizathu ezibekiwe.
Umkhandlu Omkhulu ungafuna isicelo siphelezelwe yigunya elibhaliwe elinika amandla okufaka isicelo ngegama lomunye umuntu noma ukuqoka oyokwenza lomsebenzi.
Lesi Sivumelwane ngeke sivimbele muntu, sikhungo noma isigungu esibika ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokugcina nelungelo lokungena ezweni okuhambisana neSihloko 3 noma 21 ekufakeni ngqo isicelo emikhandlwini yobulungiswa noma yokuphatha emazweni azibophezele, akukhathalekile ngendlela ehlinzekiwe noma engahlinzekwanga kulesi Sivumelwane.
Sonke isicelo esethulwe eMikhandlwini eMikhulu noma esiqondiswe emkhandlwini wobulungiswa noma wokuphatha Wezwe Elizibophezele ngendlela ehambisana nemigomo yalesi Sivumelwane kuhlangene nezincwadi nolunye ulwazi olwengeziwe noma olwethulwe nguMkhandlu Omkhulu siyothathwa njengobufakazi obemukelekile yizinkantolo noma yimikhandlu yokuphatha ezweni elizibophezele.
b. isimo sokubhekisa emthethweni wezwe lapho ivame ukuhlala khona ingane siyothathwa njengesimo somthetho wesifunda salelozwe elivame ukuhlala ingane.
Maqondana nezwe elinezinhlelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zomthetho wokugcina izngane osebenza ezigabeni ezehlukene zabantu, okubhekiswe emthethweni walelozwe kuyothathwa ngokuqonde uhlelo lomthetho oluchazwe emthethweni walelozwe.
Izwe elinezifunda ezinemithetho yazo maqondana nokugcina ingane ngeke liboshezelwe yilesi Sivumelwane lapho izwe elinohlelo olubumbene lomthetho belingeke laboshezelwa.
Lesi Sivumelwane siyolawula izindaba ezihlonzwe eSivumelwaneni somhlaka 5 Okthoba 1961 mayelana namandla emikhandlu nomthetho osebenza ekuvikelweni kweZingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, phakathi kwamathimba athintekayo ezivumelwaneni zombili. Kungenjalo, isivumelwane samanje ngeke sinqinde ukusetshenziswa kwesikhali esibusayo emhlabeni phakathi kwamazwe omabili noma omunye umthetho wezwe okuxhunyanwa nalo ngenhloso yokubuyisa ingane ethathwe noma egcinwe ngendlela engafanele noma ehlelelwa amalungelo ayo.
Lesi Sivumelwane siyoqala ukusebenza phakathi Kwamazwe Azibophezele kuphela lapho ingane isuswe noma igcinwe khona ngendlela engafanele nokwenzeke lapho ingene kulelozwe.
Esiwombeni lapho kunesinqumo esithathwe ngaphansi kweSihloko 39 noma 40, okuqondiswe endimeni eyandulele ezweni elizibophezele kuyothathwa njengokuqondiswe esifundeni noma ezifundeni okusebenza kuzo lesi Sivumelwane.
Isivumelwane siyovuleleka ukusayinwa Ngamazwe angamalunga Engqungquthela yaseHague Ngomthetho Wangasese Wamazwe Omhlaba ngesikhathi soMbuthano Weshumi nane.
Ingqungquthela iyomukela, ivume noma iphasise isivumelwane kanti lesi sinyathelo siyonikwa Umnyango Wezindaba Zangaphandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands.
Elinye izwe lingemukela isivumelwane. Isikhali senkomba yokwamukela isivumelwane siyonikwa Umnyango Wezindaba zangaPhandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands.
Isivumelwane siyoqala ukusebenza ezweni elivumile ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga yesithathu ngemuva kokuba inkomba yemvume yethuliwe.
Imvume iyoba nomthelela oqonde kuphela ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezwe elivumayo nalelo elizibophezele ngendlela eyokhomba ukwemukela kwalo isivumelwane. Leyo mvume kuyofanele yenziwe ngamanye amalunga ohulumeni abavumile, abemukele noma abaphasisa isivumelwane ngemuva kokuvunywa yizwe elithile. Ukuthobela isivumelwane kuyonikwa Umnyango Wezindaba Zangaphandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands; loMnyango uyosedlulisa ngemigudu efanele yosomaqhinga nekhophi eyodwa efungelwe eyonikwa izwe ngalinye elizibophezele.
Isivumelwane siyoqala ukusebenza phakathi kwezwe elithobele isivumelwane nalelo elemukele ukusebenzisana nelinye ngokusuku lokuqala enyangeni yesithathu ngemuva kokwemukelwa kwesinqumo.
Noma yiliphi izwe ngesikhathi lisayina, lemukela, liphasisa isivumelwane lingachaza ukuthi isivumelwane siyonabela kuzo zonke izifunda maqondana nezimo ezithinta amaxhama okuxhumana nomhlaba noma sibalule esisodwa noma zonke. Leyo ncazelo iyoqala ukubusa ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesivumelwane kulelozwe.
Leso simemezelo kanjalo nokwelula isikhathi kwakamuva kuyothulwa eMnyangweni Wezindaba Zangaphandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands.
Uma izwe elizibophezele linezifunda ezimbili noma ngaphezulu okusebenza kuzo izinhlelo ezahlukene zomthetho mayelana nezindaba ezidingidwa eSivumelwaneni, ngesikhathi sokusayina, sokwemukela noma sokuphasisa lingakuveza ukuthi lesi Sivumelwane siyonabela kwezinye izifunda, kwesisodwa noma ezingaphezulu futhi lingakwazi ukwenza isichibiyelo ngokwethula enye incazelo esikhathini esizayo.
Noma yikuphi ukudalula okuphawuliwe kuyokwaziswa Umnyango Wezindaba Zangaphandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands, kuchaze ngokucacile izifunda okuyosebenza kuzo Isivumelwane.
Lapho Izwe Elizibophezele linohlelo lokubusa olunezinhlaka zendlu yezigele, yobulungiswa nesishayamthetho ezisabalele emkhandlwini kazwelonke neminye embusweni, ukusayina, ukwemukela noma ukuphasisa lesi Sivumelwane noma ukudalula okuchazwe eSihlokweni 40 ngeke kube namthelela ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla angaphakathi ezweni.
Ngaphambi kokwemukelwa, kokuphasiswa noma ukuvuma isivumelwane noma ngesikhathi sokudalula okwenziwa ngaphansi kweSihloko 39 noma 40, noma yiliphi izwe lingathatha izinyathelo ezihlinzekwe eSihlokweni 24 no 26, endimeni yesithathu. Ayikho enye indlela egodliwe eyovunyelwa.
Noma yiliphi izwe lingahoxisa ukuhlinzeka isimo esithile noma ngasiphi isikhathi. Ukuhoxa kuyokwaziswa Umnyango Wezindaba Zangaphandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands. Ukuhlinzeka kuyophelelwa ngamandla ngosuku lokuqala enyangeni yesithathu ngemuva kwesaziso esiphawulwe endimeni endulelayo.
Isivumelwane siyoqala ukusebenza ngosuku lokuqala enyangeni yesithathu ngemuva kokwethulwa kwesikhali sokugunyaza ukwemukela, ukuvuma nokuphasisa isivumelwane okuphawulwe eSihlokweni 37 no 38.
Esifundeni noma engxenyeni yaso efakwe esivumelwaneni ngendlela ehambisana neSihloko 39 noma 40, ngosuku lokuqala enyangeni yesithathu ngemuva kwesaziso esiqondwe kuleso Sihloko.
Isivumelwane siyoqhubeka nokusebenza iminyaka emihlanu kusukela osukwini eqale ngalo ngendlela ehambisana neSihloko 43 nasemazweni asemukele kamuva isivumelwane.
Uma ingekho impikiswano nokuchithwa kwesivumelwane, siyovele sivuselelwe eminye futhi iminyaka emihlanu.
Impikiswano iyothulwa eMnyangweni Wezindaba Zangaphandle eMbusweni waseNetherlands okungenani kusasele izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi esibekiwe seminyaka emihlanu. Kungenzeka isivumelwane okuchithwayo kuqonde kuphela izifunda ezithile noma izingxenyana zazo.
Ukuchithwa kwesivumelwane kuyoba nomthelela kuphela kulelo lizwe elikhiphe isaziso ngesimo. Isivumelwane siyoqhubeka nokusebenza kwamanya amazwe azibophezele.
Ukuchitha isivumelwane okuphawulwe eSihlokweni 44. Ubufakazi bokusayina, igunya lomuntu osayina Isivumelwane.
Konke kusayinwe eHague, ngomhlaka 25 Oktoba 1980 ngolimi lwesiNgisi nesiFulentshi ngemibhalo yomibili engahunyushiwe, ikhophi eyodwa yombhalo yethulwe emtapweni kaHulumeni woMbuso waseNetherlands kanjalo nekhophi efungelwe ithunyelwe ngemigudu efanele yosomaqhinga ezweni ngalinye eliyilunga lamazwe eNgqungquthela yaseHague Ngomthetho Wangasese Wamazwe Omhlaba ngelanga loMbuthano Weshumi nane.
Edalula ukuthi izinyathelo ezinqala zokunqanda nokulwa nokuhweba ngabantu, ikakhulu abesifazane neZingane, zidinga iqhinga elibanzi emazweni lapho kuqala khona, kwedluliswa nokuhanjiswa kulo abantu futhi kufanele lihlanganise imizamo yokunqanda lolo hwebo, ukujezisa izikhohlakali nokuvikela abahlukunyezwayo ngesenzo kuxuba ukuvikela ilungelo lesintu elihlonishwa emhlabeni wonke.
Ukubhekela amaqiniso okuthi nakuba kunamatulo amaningi aqukethe imithetho nemizamo ebonakalayo yokulwa nokuxhashazwa kwabantu, ikakhulu abesifazane neZingane, kunetulo elaziwa emhlabeni wonke eliqondene nazo zonke izici eziqondene nokuhweba ngabantu.
Kunozwelo lokuthi ukwentuleka kwamatulo afanele, abantu abasengcupheni yokudayiswa ngeke bavikeleke ngendlela efanele.
Uma kubhekwa emuva kwiSinqumo Somkhandlu Omkhulu esingu 53/111 esathathwa ngomhla ka 9 Zibandlela lapho Umkhandlu wanquma khona ukusungula ikomidi elivulelekile elixube ohulumeni ngenhloso yokuqhamuka nesivumelwane esibanzi esibandakanya amazwe ehlukene nokulwa nobugebengu obuhleliwe nokuxoxa nje ngokusungula icebo lomhlaba elibhekene nesimo sokuhweba ngabesifazane neZingane.
LeNqubo yengezela Isivumelwane seNhlangano Yezizwe esilwa Nobugebengu Obuhleliwe. Iyohunyushwa ngokuhlanganyela neSivumelwane.
Imibandela yesivumelwane iyosebenza ngokuhambisana naleNqubo, ngaphandle uma kuhlelwe ngenye indlela.
Ukuphambana nomthetho okutholwe ngendlela ehlonzwe eSihlokweni 5 sale Nqubo kuyothathwa ngokwephula umthetho obunjwe ngaphansi kweSivumelwane.
c Ukukhuthaza indlela yokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe ngenjongo yokuhlangabezana nezinhloso ezimisiwe.
a "Ukuhweba ngabantu" kuchaza ukuqasha, ukuthutha, ukwedlulisa, ukucashisa noma ukuthatha abantu ngokubesabisa noma ngokusebenzisa indluzula noma olunye uhlobo lokwesabisa, lokuthumba, lomkhonyovu, lwenkohliso, lokusebenzisa amandla budedengu noma isikhundla noma ukunika noma ukuthola inkokhelo noma umhlomulo ngenhloso yokuthola imvume yomuntu onamandla komunye ngenjongo yokumxhaphaza.
d "ingane" iyochaza noma yimuphi umuntu oneminyaka yobudala engaphansi kuka-18.
Lenqubo iyosebenza njalo ngaphandle uma kunolunye uhlelo olwehlukile ekunqandeni, ekuphenyeni nasekushushiseni izenzo eziphambene ezisungulwe ngaphansi kweSihloko 5 saleNqubo yeSesivumelwane lapho lezo zenzo zixhantele kwamanye amazwe futhi zibandakanya ithimba elihleliwe lobugebengu kanjalo nokuvikela abahlukunyezwe ngezenzo zobubi.
Izwe ngalinye eliyingxenye yesivumelwane liyomisa umthetho lithathe nezinyathelo ezidingekile zokumisa izenzo ezithile zithathwe njengobugebengu ngendlela ehlonzwe esihlokweni 3 saleNqubo yeSesivumelwane, inqobo uma zenziwa ngenhloso.
c ukuhlela nom ukujuba abanye abantu benze icala elihlonzwe endimeni 1 yalesi sihloko.
Eziwombeni ezifanele nalapho ikhona indlela ngaphansi komthetho wasekhaya, izwe ngalinye eliyingxenye yesivumelwane liyovikela ukwaziswa kwegama nomuntu ohlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa kubandakanya kokunye nokugcina ulwazi lwecala lokudayiswa komuntu luyimfihlo.
b usizo lokuvumela ukwethulwa kwemibono nokucutshungulwa kwayo ngezikhathi ezithile lapho kuqhubeka icala lezephula-mthetho, lokhu kuyokwenziwa ngendlela engabeki engcupheni amalungelo abamangalelwa.
d amathuba omsebenzi, emfundo noqeqesho.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemibandela yalesi sihloko, izwe ngalinye liyobhekela iminyaka, ubulili nezidingo ezehlukile zengane ehlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa, ikakhulu izidingo zeZingane ezihlangene nezindlu, imfundo nokunakekelwa.
Izwe ngalinye liyozama ukuhlinzeke abahlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa ngendawo ephephile ngesikhathi besezifundeni zawo.
Izwe ngalinye liyoqikelela ukuthi uhlelo lomthetho wasekhaya uqukethe izinyathelo ezinika abantu abahlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa ithuba lokuthola isinxephezelo ngomonakalo odalekile.
Ngaphezulu kwezinyathelo ezihlangabezana nesihloko 6 zaleNqubo yeSivumelwane, izwe ngalinye liyocabanga ngokumisa umthetho nezinye izinyathelo ezifanele ezivumela abantu abahlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa bahlala ezweni layo, okwesikhashana noma ngokugcwele, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Ekusebenzeni kombandela oqukethwe endimeni 1 yalesi sihloko, izwe ngalinye liyobhekela kahle amaphuzu aqondene nobuntu nozwelo.
Izwe ngalinye lomuntu ohlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa noma lapho umuntu enelungelo lokuhlala khona ngokugcwele liyohamba phambili ekuqinisekiseni ngokuphepha kwakhe kanjalo limemukele ekubuyisweni kwakhe ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi.
Uma izwe libuyisa umuntu ohlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa kwelinye lapho lowo muntu eyisakhamuzi khona noma ebenelungelo lokuhlala ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuthunjwa, ukubuyiswa kuyothathwa njengokuziqokela mayelana nokuphepha kwakhe nesimo nje sengalo yomthetho esithinta ukuthi lowo muntu uhlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa.
Ngesicelo sezwe elemukela umuntu, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, izwe elicelwayo liyokhipha isiqiniseko sokuthi ngempela lowo muntu ohlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa uyisakhamuzi salelozwe noma ubenelungelo lokuhlala lapho ngokugcwele ngesikhathi engena ezweni elimtholayo.
Ukuphuthumisa isimo sokuphindisela emuva umuntu ohlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa ongenazo izincwadi eziqondile, izwe eliyingxenye yesivumelwane lapho umuntu eyisakhamuzi khona noma ayenelungelo lokuhlala khona ngokugcwele ngesikhathi engena ezweni atholwe kulo, uma licelwa, liyovuma ukudweba izincwadi zokuvakasha noma elinye igunya elifanele lokwenza umuntu angene kwelinye izwe.
Lesi sihloko asibeki engcupheni ilungelo elinikwe abantu abahlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa ngomunye wemithetho yasekhaya ezweni elemukela umuntu.
Lesi sihloko asibeki engcupheni isivumelwane esisayinwe ngamazwe amabili noma ngaphezulu esibusa ingxenye noma ngokuphelele ukuphindiselwa emuva kwabantu abebedayisiwe.
b zokuvikela ekuhlushweni abantu abahlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa, ikakhulu abesifazane neZingane.
Amazwe abambisene ayozama ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifana nocwaningo, imikhankaso yolwazi nabezindaba kanjalo nemizamo yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho ukunqanda nokulwa kanye nokuhweba ngabantu.
Inqubomgomo, izinhlelo nezinye izinyathelo ezisungulwe ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko ziyobandakanya ukubambisana nezinhlangano ezingaxhumene nohulumeni nezinye izinhlangano eziqondene kanjalo nemikhakha yomphakathi.
Amazwe abambisene ayothatha futhi aqinise izinyathelo zokugwema izinto ezenza abantu, ikakhulu abesifazane neZingane babe sengcupheni yokudayiswa njengobuphofu, izinga eliphansi lentuthuko nokwentuleka kwamathuba afanayo, amazwe ayozama lokhu ngokubambisana ngamabili noma ngaphezulu.
Amazwe abambisene ayoshaya noma aqinise umthetho noma ezinye izinyathelo ezifana nezemfundo, ezenhlalakahle noma ezamasiko ezixube ukuthena amandla izimo eziholela ezinhlotsheni zokuxhaphaza abantu, ikakhulu abesifazane neZingane nokuholela ekuhwebeni ngabantu, lokhu kuyokwenziwa ngokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe amabili noma ngaphezulu.
c izindlela namaqhinga asetshenziswe ngamathimba obugebengu obuhleliwe ngenhloso yokuhweba ngabantu kuhlangene nokuqasha nokuhambisa abantu abahlukunyeziwe, izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe nokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu ngabanye namaqembu enze lomsebenzi wenkohlakalo yokuhweba ngabanye nokwenza imizamo yokuthola amaqhinga abawasebenzisayo.
Amazwe abambisene ayothula noma aqinise uqeqesho lokuphoqelela isimo somthetho, ukungena kwabantu ezweni nesibalo sabasebenzi balomkhakha ngenhloso yokunqanda uhwebo ngabantu. Uqeqesho kufanele lubhekane kakhulu namaqhinga asetshenziswayo ekunqandeni lolo hwebo, ukushushisa izephulamthetho nokuvikela amalungelo abantu abahlukunyeziwe kanjalo nokubavikela ezigebengwini ezihweba ngabo. Uqeqesho kufanele futhi lubhekele isidingo sokuhlonipha amalungelo esintu nezinto ezithinta ingane nobulili bese lukhathaza ukubambisana nezinhlangano ezingaxhumene nohulumeni, ezinye izinhlangano eziqondene neminye imikhakha yomphakathi.
Amazwe abambisene athola ulwazi ayohambisana nesicelo esenziwe ngelinye eledlulise ulwazi olunemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwalo.
Ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni izibophezelo zamazwe omhlaba ngokuhamba kwabantu, amazwe abambisene ayozama ngokusemandleni awo ukuqinisa ingalo yomthetho emingceleni yezwe ngendlela efanele yokunqanda nokuthola abantu abahweba ngabanye.
Izwe ngalinye elibambisene nelinye liyoshaya umthetho noma ezinye izinyathelo zokunqanda izenzo zezithuthi zempahla ukuba zingasetshenziswa njengesikhali sokubhebhezela inkohlakalo yokuhweba ngabantu esungulwe ngokulandisa kweSihloko 5 saleNqubo yeSivumelwane.
Uma kwenzeka, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni izivumelwane ezikhona zomhlaba, lezo zinyathelo nemizamo iyoxuba ukusungulwa kwezibophezelo embonini yokuthutha okuyinto ethinta amabhizinisi okuthutha nabanikazi bomsebenzi noma abashayeli bayo yonke inhlobo yezithuthi ukuthola ukuthi abagibeli banezincwadi ezifanele zokuhambela kwelinye izwe.
Izwe ngalinye liyothatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile ngendlela ehambisana nomthetho wezwe ukusebenzisa unswinyo ezigamekweni zokwephulwa kwesibophezelo esiphawulwe endimeni 3 yalesi Sihloko.
Izwe ngalinye liyocabanga ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezigunyaza ukwenqaba isicelo sencwadi yokungena ezweni noma ukuchitha imvume ekhona yokungena ezweni kubantu abathintekayo ebugebengwini obuchazwe kuleNqubo.
Ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni Isihloko 27 seSivumelwane, Amazwe abambisene ayocabanga ukuqinisa ubambiswano phakathi kwezikhungo ezigade emingceleni ngezinyathelo zokusungula nokugcina amaxhama okuxhumana ngqo njengelinye lamakhambi. Isihloko 12, Ezokuphepha nokulawula imiqulu.
b ukuqinisekisa ngokwethembeka nokuphepha kwezincwadi zokuvakasha noma omazisi abakhishwe wuhulumeni noma abenzelwe izwe ngomunye umuntu nokunqanda izincwadi zomgunyathi.
Ngokuhambisana nomthetho wezwe, ngemuva kwesicelo esifanele, elinye lamazwe abambisene lingaqinisekisa ngokwemukeleka nokusho ukuthi izincwadi ziyiqiniso futhi zakhishwa noma kuneqiniso lokuthi zakhishwa yilelozwe noma zisolwa ngokukhishwa egameni lezwe ngenhloso yokusetshenziswa ekuhwebeni ngabantu.
Akukho kuleNqubo yeSivumelwane okuyoba nomthelela, izibophezelo nempoqo emazweni nakubantu ngabanye ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba kuhlangene nomthetho wamalungelo esintu emhlabeni wonke nomthetho wozwelo, ikakhulu osebenza eSivumelwaneni sango 1951 neNqubo yeSivumelwane ka 1967 maqondana Nesimo Sababaleki nenkambiso yokungaxhaphazi equkethwe lapho.
Imizamo ebekwe kwiSisekelo seSivumelwane iyohunyushwa futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela engabandlululi muntu ngesizathu sokuthi bahlukunyezwe ngokudayiswa ngabanye. Ukuhunyushwa nokusebenza kwale mizamo kuyohambisana nenkambiso yamazwe omhlaba eyazisa ukungabandlululi.
Amazwe abambisene ayozama ukuxazulula impikiswano ethinta ukuhunyushwa nokusetshenziswa kwaleSisekelo Sesivumelwane ngokuxoxisana.
Yonke impikiswano ekhona phakathi kwamazwe amabili noma ngaphezulu ethinta ukuhunyushwa nokusetshenziswa kwale Sisekelo Sesivumelwane okungaxazululeki ngokubonisana ngokushesha kuyodluliselwa kumxazululi ozimele oyokhipha isinqumo esingujuqu, uma elinye lamazwe licela kanjalo.
Ngesikhathi sokusayina, sokwemukela noma sokuphasisa noma ukwemukela kamuva leNqubo yeSivumelwane, izwe elibambisene nelinye lingadalula ukuthi aliziboni libophezelekile yindima 2 yalesi Sihloko. Amanye amazwe abambisene ngeke aboshezelwe yindima 2 yalesi sihloko kunoma yiliphi izwe elizenzele leso sinqumo.
Noma yiliphi izwe elizenzele lesi sinqumo ngendlela ehambisana nendima 3 yalesi sihloko lingahoxisa isinyathelo salo noma yinini ngokwazisa Unobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe.
Lesi Nqubo yeSivumelwane iyovuleleka ukusayinwa yizinhlangano zezomnotho ezibumbene ezifundeni inqobo uma okungenani ilunga elilodwa lamazwe alezo zinhlangano esayine leNqubo yeSivumelwane ngendlela ehambisana nendima 1 yalesi sihloko.
Lesi Nqubo iyosebenza uma seyemukelwe, ivunyiwe noma iphasisiwe. Amatulo okwemukela, okuvuma noma okuphasisa ayothulwa kuNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano yeZizwe. Inhlangano ebumbeni yezomnotho esifundeni ingethula izincwadi zayo zokwemukela, zokuvuma noma zokuphasisa uma okungenani elinye lamalunga ezwe lenze njalo nalo. Kuleso siphakamiso sokwemukela, sokuvuma noma sokuphasisa leyo nhlangano iyodalula igalelo lamandla ayo maqondana nezindaba ezibuswa yileNqubo yeSivumelwane. Lezo zinhlangano ziyobuye zazise umgcini mibhalo ngezinguquko ezithile ezithinta igalelo namandla azo.
LeNqubo ivuleleke kunoma yiliphi izwe noma inhlangano ebumbeni yezomnotho esifundeni lapho elinye lamalunga ezwe liyingxenye khona yaleNqubo. Izincwadi zokungena kuleNqubo ziyonikwa Unobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano yeZizwe. Ngesikhathi sokungena kwiNqubo yeSivumelwane, inhlangano ebumbene yezomnotho esifundeni iyodalula ngegalelo namandla ayo aqondene nezindaba ezibuswa yileNqubo. Lezo zinhlangano ziyokwazisa nomgcini mibhalo ngezinguquko ezenziwe emandleni nasegalelweni lazo.
LeNqubo iyoqala ukusebenza ngosuku lwamashumi ayisishagalolunye ngemuva kokwethulwa kwezincwadi ezifanele zokwemukela, zokuvuma noma eziphasisa iNqubo yeSivumelwane ngaphandle kokuthi ngeke iqale ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza kwesivumelwane. Ngenhloso yalendima, lonke ithuluzi noma incwadi ethulwe enhlanganweni ebumbene yezomnotho esifundeni ngeke ibalwe njengeyengezela kulelo elifakwe yizwe leyo nhlangano eyilunga layo.
Izwe ngalinye noma inhlangano ebumbene yezomnotho esifundeni emukela, evuma noma ephasisa leNqubo ngemuva kokwethulwa kwesiphakamiso sesine ngaleso sinyathelo, leNqubo iyoqala ukusebenza ngosuku lwamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokwethulwa kwaso yizwe noma yinhlangano ethintekayo noma ngosuku okuqala ngalo ukusebenza leNqubo ngendlela elandela indima 1 yalesi sihloko, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi okwenzeka kamuva.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kusukela iqalile leNqubo, Izwe eliyingxenye yaleNqubo ingaphakamisa isichibiyelo esiyothulwa kuNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe, uNobhala uyodlulisa isiphakamiso emazweni abambisene naseNgqungqutheleni Yamazwe Abambisene Ngesivumelwane ngenhloso yokucubungula nokunquma ngesiphakamiso. Amazwe abumbene ngaleNqubo ahlangene eNgqungqutheleni Yamazwe ayozama ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngesichibiyelo ngasinye. Uma yonke imizamo yokufinyelela esivumelwaneni yehluleka, sekuyothathwa isinqumo ngokusebenzisa isixazululo sokuthatha isinqumo sokuvota lapho kudingeka khona ingxenye yokubili kokuthatha yamazwe akhona emhlanganweni weNgqungquthela Yamazwe.
Ezindabeni ezigunyaziwe, izinhlangano zesifunda ezididiyele ezomnotho zingasebenzisa ilungelo lokuvota elitholakala kulesi sihloko ngokuphonsa isibalo samavoti esilingana nesibalo samalunga amazwe ayo ayingxenye yaleNqubo. Lezo zinhlangano ngeke zikwazi ukusebenzisa ilungelo lokuvota uma amazwe angamalunga elisebenzisa ilungelo lawo lokuvota.
Isichibiyelo esemukelwe ngokulandisa kwendima 1 yalesi sihloko sincike ekwemukelweni, ekuvunyweni noma ekuphasisweni kwaso ngamazwe abambisene.
Isichibiyelo esemukelwe ngokulandisa kwendima 1 yalesi sihloko siyoqala ukusebenza ezweni ezinsukwini ezingamashumi ayisishagalolunye ngemuva kosuku okwethulwe ngalo kuNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano yeZizwe incwadi yokwemukela, yokuvuma noma yokuphasisa izinguquko.
Uma siqala ukusebenza isichibiyelo, siyobophezela lawo mazwe avume ukuboshezelwa. Amanye amazwe ayoqhubeka nokuboshezelwa yileNqubo nezinye izichibiyelo ezenziwe zemukelwa, zaphasiswa esikhathini esedlule.
Izwe elibambisene neSisekelo Sesivumelwane lingaqoka ukungahloniphi iNqubo yeSivumelwane ngokubhala isaziso esiqondiswe kuNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano yeZizwe. Ukwenqaba kuyoqala ukusebenza enyakeni owodwa ngemuva kokutholwa kwesaziso nguNobhala-Jikelele.
Inhlangano ebumbene yezomnotho esifundeni iyophelelwa wubulungu bale Nqubo uma wonke amazwe ayo angamalunga eyishaya indiva.
Unobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano yeZizwe unesikhundla sokulondoloza leNqubo yeSivumelwane.
Umbhalo wokuqala waleNqubo obhalwe ngesi-Arabhu, Isishayina, IsiNgisi, IsiFulentshi, IsiRashiya neSipanishi yimibhalo ebhalwe ngqo engewona amakhophi eyonikwa uNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano yeZizwe.
UKUFAKAZA LOKHU, amanxusa asayinile, enikwe igunya elifanele Ngamazwe abo, basayine leNqubo yeSivumelwane.
Lomthethosivivinywa ("umthethosivivinywa wamanje") uqukethe ingxenye yoMthetho weZingane ohlongozwayo. Umthethosivivinywa owethulwa kuqala ePhalamende ("Umthethosivivinywa odidiyelwe") wawudingida yonke inhlobo yokuvikela iZingane, ezinhlakeni zikazwelonke nesifundazwe futhi udingidwa ngaphansi kwesigaba 76 soMthethosisekelo (izindawo ezixuba amandla esishayamthetho sikazwelonke nezifundazwe). Kamuva, kwatholakala ukuthi Umthethosivivinywa uyingxube ehlanganisa izici okufanele zihanjiswe ngaphansi kwesigaba 76 soMthethosisekelo. Ngenxa yengxube ephawuliwe, Iphini likaSomlomo eNdlini yeSishayamthetho kuZwelonke lacela Isigungu esiPhezulu ukwehlukanisa Umthethosivivinywa odidiyele, okuyinto eseyenzekile. Imihlinzeko yoMthethosivivinywa odidiyele oyosebenza kohulumeni bezifundazwe sewusuliwe, 72indawo yathathwa wuMthethosivivinywa wamanje noqukethe kuphela izindaba okufanele zidingidwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 75 soMthethosisekelo. Ukuhlelwa kwezinombolo kuMthethosivivinywa odidiyele khona akushintshile, ngakho amagebe kuMthethosivivinywa wamanje akhonjiswe ngophawu*****. Ngemuva kokuphasiswa koMthethosivivinywa, ochitshiyelwe noqukethe izindaba ezithinta kuphela izifundazwe ("Umthethosivivinywa Ochitshiyelwe") uyokwethulwa. Umthethosivivinywa Ochitshiyelwe kufanele udingidwe ngokulandisa kwesigaba 76 soMthethosisekelo. Umthethosivivinywa ochitshiyelwe kufanele udingidwe ngokugaxa imihlinzeko ephathelene nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle.
Impilo yeZingane ithintwa yizingcezu ezahlukene zemithetho nezivumelwane zamazwe.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa edlule, sekuhlalukile ukuthi imithetho ekhona namuhla ayihambisani nesimo sempilo nezinkinga zenhlalo njengamanje futhi ayisavikeli iZingane ngokwenele. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu, Iningizimu Afrika seyimukele izivumelwane eziningi, ezifana neNqubo yeNhlangano yeZizwe yaMalungelo Ezingane kanye neShadi lase-Afrika laMalungelo Ezingane, lapho kufanele sihlanganise inkambiso yenqubo nemithetho yendawo.
Ngo-1997, Ungqongqoshe woMnyango weNtuthuko yezeNhlalakahle wacela Ikhomishani yeZinguquko zeMithetho yaseNingizimu Afrika ukuba iphenye ngoMthetho wokuNakekelwa kweZingane ka 1983 bese yenza izincomo kuNgqongqoshe ngezinguquko zale ngxenye yomthetho. Ngemuva kwenqubo ende yocwaningo nokubonisana, Ikhomishani yeZinguquko zeMithetho yaphothula umbiko yase iphakamisa Uhlaka loMthethosivivinywa weZingane ngoJanuwari 2003.
Umnyango weNtuthuko yezeNhlalakahle waqhuba uhlelo ngokubonisana kabanzi neMinyango yezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo, wezeMfundo, wezeMpilo, wezaBasebenzi, Umbutho wamaPhoyisa waseNingizimu Afrika, izifundazwe, izinhlangano ezingaxhumene nohulumeni, abethuli bezinsiza kanjalo neHovisi likaMongameli eliqondene naMalungelo Ezingane. Imibuthano yokubonisana yabanjwa ngokuhlanganyela neKomidi Eliqokiwe loMnyango weNtuthuko yezeNhlalakahle.
f ukukhuthaza isimo sokuvikela, sokuthuthukisa nenhlalanhle yeZingane ezweni.
Iziphakamiso eziqavile ezintsha zokubhekana nesimo esikhona zihlanganisa imihlinzeko ethile lapho izingane zibamba khona iqhaza ezindabeni ezithinta zona, ukwandisa amalungelo obaba abangashadile, ukuhlinzekela inqubo yeNkantolo ePhakeme lapho ivumela khona abantu abangebona abazali ngenhloso yokuthola amalungelo athinta izingane, isidingo sokwemukela ngokusemthethweni isimo semindeni ephethwe yizingane kanye nokuvikela izingane. Umthethosivivinywa uhlongoza ukwehlisa iminyaka yokungena ebudaleni bese uhlinzekela ngezivumelwane zezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali. Kuhlinzekelwe namaqhinga obuzali ezimweni ezithile. Sikhona isahluko sokulawula ubumama bomfakela esihlose ukuphelezela uphenyo oluqalwe yiphalamende mayelana nalolu daba.
Isahluko 1 sidingida ukuhumusha, izinhloso nokusebenza ngempela koMthethosivivinywa.
Inkambiso evamile yoMthethosivivinywa nentshisekelo yengane yethulwe kwiSahluko 2. Isahluko 2 sihlinzekela amalungelo ezingane kanti siphawula ngezinto ezifana nokubekwa phambili kwempilo yengane, iqhaza elibanjwa yingane, imikhuba yenhlalo eyingozi, amasiko nenkolo, ukufinyelela enkantolo yezingane kanye neminyaka yokungena ebudaleni.
Isahluko 3 siphathelene nazo zonke izindaba eziqondene namalungelo kanye nezibophezelo zobuzali, izivumelwane zamalungelo nezibophezelo zobuzali nokwabiwa kwezibophezelo namalungelo obuzali. Lesi Sahluko siphinde sihlinzeke ngamalungelo obaba, ukuveza ubuzali, amaqhinga obuzali kanye namalungelo ezingane ezitholwe ngohlelo lomjovo.
Ukusebenza, amandla nemikhawulo yezinkantolo zezingane, ukuqhutshwa kodaba phambi kwenkantolo yezingane neziphathimandla ezingamele inkantolo kanye nabasebenzi bayo bayingxenye yezinto ezidingidwa kwiSahluko 4 soMthethosivivinywa.
Izahluko 7,9 no 10 ngokulandelana kwazo, ziphathelene nokuvikelwa kwezingane, ikakhulu Usomqulu kaZwelonke Wokuvikelwa kweZingane, ukuqagula izingane ezidinga ukunakekelwa, ukuvikelwa nemiyalelo yesondlo.
Izahluko 15 no 16 ngokulandelana kwazo, zihlinzekela ukuthola ingane ezweni naphakathi kwamazwe ehlukene kanti Isahluko 16 sethula umthelela weSivumelwane saseHague mayelana nokuTholwa kweZingane phakathi kwamazwe ehlukene.
Isahluko 17 sethula umthelela weSivumelwane saseHague ngeZimo zeMpucuko yokuThunjwa kweZingane Emhlabeni kanti Isahluko 18 siphawula ngeNqubo yeNhlangano yeZizwe ngokuHweba ngaBantu.
Isahluko 19 singenisa umthetho omusha ohlelweni lomthetho waseNingizimu Afrika ngokuhlelela ubumama bomfakela.
Isahluko 20 sihlinzekela impoqo yoMthethosivivinywa ngokwakha amandla okuhlola nokuqhakambisa izenzo zokwephula umthetho.
Izahluko 21 no 22 zoMthethosivivinywa ziphawula ngezimo zokuphatha nezinye ezixubile ezifana nemigomo, ukwedlulisa nokwaba amandla, izivumelwane nabathile kanjalo nezindaba zesikhashana.
Umthethosivivinywa wokuchibiyela oqondwe endimeni 1 uyongezela ezifisweni zokwethula izinsiza emnyangweni wezenhlalakahle kanjalo ukuqhubela phambili ilaka lokuvikela imindeni nezingane.
Isahluko 8 sihlinzekela ukunqanda nokungenelela ngokushesha isimo njengesinyathelo sokuqala sosizo olunikwa izingane nemindeni edingayo.
Izahluko 5, 6, 11, 13 no 14 ngokulandelana, ziphawula ngokunakekela okungagcwele, incazelo yokukhulisa ingane esencane nemisebenzi eqondene nokukhuliswa kwengane esencane, izingane ezigcinwe kwezinye izindawo, izikhungo zezingane nentsha, izindawo zokukhosela nokugcina okwesikhashana.
Isahluko 12 siphathelene nengane etholiwe negadwe ngamalunga omndeni.
Umthetho olindelwe uyokwakha umqondo emithethweni ephathelene nezingane eNingizimu Afrika. Ngakho, ucima isidingo sokuba isifundazwe ngasinye sishaye imithetho ehlukene ngezindaba zezingane. Ngalendlela, kulula ukulawula indlela yokusebenza ezifundazweni. Umthethosivivinywa wamanje uyoba nomthelela oqondene ngqo nohulumeni bendawo.
Ngaphandle kwenqubo enzulu yokubonisana elandelwe yiKhomishani yeZinguquko zeMithetho yaseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi ibuyekeza Umthetho wokuNakekelwa Kwezingane ka 1983, Umnyango Wentuthuko yezeNhlalakahle usabalalise uhlaka loMthethosivivinywa Wezingane ezifundazweni, eminyangweni kazwelonke, ezinhlanganweni ezingaxhumene nohulumeni, nabethuli bezinsiza ngenhloso yokuthola imibono. Isifingqo sencazelo yoMthethosivivinywa naso sashicilelwa ngefuze lokuthola imibono kwiGazethe ngoMhlaka 13 Agasti 2003..
Umnyango uqalile ngezilinganiso zokuqala eziqondene noMthetho Wezingane olindelwe.
ukwedlulisa amandla/imisebenzi ezifundazweni nakomasipala.
Umnyango weNtuthuko yezeNhlalakahle naBeluleki boMthetho bakaHulumeni banombono wokuthi loMthethosivivinywa kufanele udingidwe yiPhalamende ngendlela ehambisana nenqubo esungulwe esigabeni 75 soMthethosisekelo.
