Umnyango wemfundo wethula ngokukhulu ukuziqhenya lesi sitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R-9 (ezikoleni) ngazo zonke izilimi eziyishumi nanye zaseNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuhunyushwa kwalo msebenzi bekuyinto engelula neze. Isikhathi esiningi abantu abekade benza lo msebenzi wokuhumusha kade bephoqeleka ukuthi basungule amagama amasha kwezinye izindawo. Le mibhalo-ke ike yathunyelwa nakubantu abangongoti kulezi zilimi ukuthi nabo bayicubungule.
Umnyango wemfundo uthatha le mibhalo njengesiqalo sokukhulisa nokuthuthukisa izilimi zethu. Ngakho-ke sikhuthaza wonke umuntu osemkhakheni wemfundo ukuba ayisebenzise le mibhalo njengesisekelo senqubekelaphambili nokuzithuthukisa.
Ukuhlola umfundi -lesi sahluko sinikeza umhlahlandlela wemigomo yokuhlola yemfundo esekelwe phezu kwemiphumela, sidingida ukuhlola okuqhubekayo, siphinde sinikeze izibonelo zezindlela zokugcina amarekhodi.
Ingaphakathi lale ncwadi lihlukaniswe laba yizahluko eziningana. Isahluko ngasinye sibhekene nalelo nalelo zinga lenhlanganisela yemfundo nokuqeqesha jikelele-Izinga eliyisisekelo, izinga eliphakathi, izinga eliphakeme Yileso naleso sahluko salamazinga sinengxenye emfushane eyisingeniso, izindlela zokuhlola zezinga ngalinye.
Izindlela zokuhlola zezinga ngalinye zethulwe ngendlela ezokwenza ukuthi inqubekelaphambili yokufundwayo ibonakale . Loku kusho ukuthi izindlela ezifanayo zokuhlola zebanga ngalinye zikleliswe zalandelana ukuze uthisha akwazi ukuqhathanisa inqubekelaphambili yokufundwayo ngokuhamba kweminyaka . Loku kwenza ukuthi kwezinye izindawo kube nezikhala , ngoba akuzona zonke izindlela zokuhlola ezinezifana nazo kuwo onke amabanga.
Umthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, (Umthetho -108 ka-1996) unikeza isisekelo sokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokufunda eNingizimu Afrika.
Nokwakha iNingizimu Afrika ebuswa ngentando yeningi nebumbene futhi ezokwazi ukubamba iqhaza layo elifanele njengombuso ozimele phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Imfundo nohlelo lwezifundo kubamba iqhaza elinqala ekufinyeleleni kulezi zinhloso. Uhlelo lwezifundo luhlose ukuthuthukisa amandla okukwazi ukwenza yilowo nalowo mfundi abe yisakhamuzi esigcwele seNingizimu Afrika ebuswa ngentando yeningi.
Imfundo eyakkhelwe phezu kwemiphumela yakha isisekelo sohlelo lwezifundo eNingizimu Afrika . Izama ukuqikelela ukuthi bonke abafundi bakwazi ukuzuza ulwazi ngokusemandleni abo. Loku ikwenza ngokuthi ihlele leyo miphumela okufanele izuzwe umfundi nomfundi ekugcineni kwako konke okwenziwayo.
Nokukwazi ukukhombisa ukuqondisisa ukuthi umhlaba wakhiwe yinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezahlukene ngokuthi akwazi ukubona ukuthi ingqikithi yokuxazulula izinkinga ayikwazi ukuzimela yodwana ithi qekelele.
Abakwazi ukuthi bazame amaqhinga amaningana okukwazi ukufunda ngempumelelo.
Abakwazi ukubamba iqhaza njengezakhamuzi ezithembekile ekubhekeleni izimpilo zemiphakathi abakhe nayo ezindaweni abakuzo, kuzwelonke nasemhlabeni wonke jikelele.
Abakwazi ukuba nozwela nokuthinteka ngamasiko nobuhle obukhona ezimweni ezahlukene zokuhlalisana kwabantu emiphakathini eyehlukene.
Nokusungula amathuba ezohwebo.
Izindaba eziphathelene nobuphofu, ukungalingani, ukwehlukana ngokobuhlanga, ubulili, ubudala, ukukhubazeka, kanye nezinselelo ezifana nesandulela ngculazi nengculazi uqobo lwayo konke loku kunomthelela ezingeni nasendleleni abafundi abafunda ngayo esikoleni. Isitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R- 9 (ezikoleni)sona siqoka isu elididiyelayo ngokuthi sigqamise izidingo ezincanyana zabo bonke abafundi. Zonke izitatimende zemikhakha yezifundo zizama ukuqhakambisa ubudlelwane obukhona phakathi kwendlela eyiyo yokuhlalisana, amalungelo esintu, indawo ephephile enempilo ebazungezile kanye nokubandakanya wonke umuntu. Abafundi nabo bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bazi futhi baqonde kabanzi ngokungefani kwezinto ezweni lakithi ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngamasiko, inkolo nobuzwe okuyizona zinto ezigqamayo kulokhu kungefani okukhona.
Isitatimende somkhakha wesifundo ngasinye sibonisa imiphumela yezifundo okufanele ukuba umfundi uyizuzile ekupheleni kwebanga lesi - 9. Isitatimende somkhakha wesifundo ngamunye ubeka obala nendlela yokuhlola okuyiyona engenza kuzuzeke imiphumela yezifundo njengoba isuke ilindelwe. Izindlela zokuhlola zichazwa kahle ibanga nebanga kubekwe obala futhi ububanzi nokudepha kolwazi okufanele abafundi balwazi nalokho okufanele bakwazi ukukwenza. Izindlela zokuhlola zaleso naleso sitatimende somkhakha wesifundo ziyakhombisa ukuthi ulwazi kanye namakhono kungathuthukiswa kanjani ekuhambeni kwesikhathi. Izindlela zokuhlola lezi zingahlanganiswa phakathi kwamabanga alinganayo khathisimbe zihlanganiswe phakathi kwamabanga angalingani. Ukukwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane ngokukwazi ukuhlanganisa amabanga nokukwazi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi ukusuka kuleli banga kuya kwelinye yikhona okuwumongo kulolu hlelo olusha lwezifundo.
Isitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke sihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuzimisela nolwazi phakathi koth-isha, okuyibona abazobamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zabo zezifundo. Ukuze basekele lolu hlelo, umnyango wemfundo uzokwethula umgomo ongumhlahlandlela omiselwe kuleso naleso sitatimende somkhakha wesifundo ngasinye. Izifundazwe-ke zona nazo ziyoqhubeka zakhe eyazo imihlahlandlela eyobhekana nesimo sokwehlukana esikhona ukuze kubhekelwe ukwehluka kwezifundazwe.
Imigomo kanye nalokho okusemqoka okutholakala esitatimendeni esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke nasez-itatimendeni zemikhakha yezifundo yikhona okuwumgogodla wezinhlelo zokufunda. Njengoba imikhakha yezifundo yona igcizelela ekuzuzweni kolwazi, amakhono kanye nalokho okusemqoka emfundweni ibanga nebanga, izinhlelo zezifundo zona zigcizelela kakhulu umklamo wokuzofundwa kanye nendlela imisebenzi eyenziwe ezohlolwa ngayo kulelo nalelo zinga lemfundo. Izinhlelo zezifundo nazo ziqukethe uhlu lomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe lapho okusuke kuvezwe khona ijubane okufanele wemziwe ngalo nendlela okufanele ulandelane ngayo unyaka nonyaka kanye nesi-bonelo sohlelo lwesifundo okufanele sisetshenziswe esikhathini esinikeziwe.
Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, zintathu izinhlelo zezifundo: Ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala, ukukwazi ukubala (ukusebenza ngezinombolo) kanye nolwazi lwezempilo.
Ezingeni eliphakathi, Ulwazi lwezilimi kanye nezibalo kuhlale kuyizinhlelo zezifundo ezizimele ngazodwana. Ezinye izinhlelo zezifundo kufanele zisungulwe yizikole emuva kokuba sebethole imvume emnyangweni wemfundo wesifun-dazwe. Izifundazwe ngokwazo kufanele zisungule izinqumo ngenhlanganisela yezifundo ezingenziwa isifundazwe sonke ezingeni eliphakathi. Ezingeni eliphezulu kunezinhlelo eziyisishiyagalombili zezinhlelo zezifundo ezisuselwa emikhakheni yezifundo. Ukwabiwa kwesikhathi kulowo nalowo mkhakha kumiselwe onke amabanga namazinga.
Yileso naleso sitatimende somkhakha wesifundo sifaka ingxenye ebanzi yokuhlola. Uhlaka olusekelwe phezu kwemi-phumela lusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ezikwaziyo ukubhekela izingqikithi ezahlukene. Ukuhlola lokhu kufanele kubeke obala indlela umfundi ngayo ulwazi ngempumelelo nangemfanelo, bese futhi kuqikelela ukuthi abafundi bayahlanganyela futhi bayawasebenzisa namakhono abanawo. Ukuhlola lokhu kumele futhi kusize abafundi ukuthi bakwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ngabakwenzayo, nangezinhloso abazibekele zona ngenqubekelaphambili yabo nokuthi bafunde baqhubeke.
Bonke othisha kanye nabanye abafundisi baneqhaza elinqala ekuguquleni imfundo eNingizimu Afrika. Lesi sitatemende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R-9 (ezikoleni) sihlose ukuba nothisha abaqeqeshiwe, abanolwazi olufanele, abazinikele nabanesineke. Bazokwazi ukufeza izidingo njengoba zibekiwe ngokwezinkambiso namazinga avumelekile othisha. Lapha kubandakanywa ukuthi babe abaxazululi ezinkingeni ezingahle zibe khona ekufundeni, babe abahumushi bemfundo kanye nabaqophi bezinhlelo zokufunda nezinsizakufunda, babe abaholi abaphathi nabongameli bemfundo, babe abafunde kakhulu, babe abacwaningi, babe abafundi abafuna ulwazi oluthile kwasabona uqobo lwabo, babe amalunga omphakathi, babe yizakhamuzi nabelusi bemfundo, babe abehluleli nongoti kulowo nalowo mkhakha okanye kulelo nalelo zinga lemfundo.
Ukugqugquzelwa kwalezo zinto ezisemqoka empilweni akukhona ukuthi kubaluleke kuphela uma kukhulunywa ngentuthuko yomuntu kodwa-ke nasekuqikeleleni ukuthi izinkomba zobuzwe baseNingizimu Afrika ziyagqanyiswa kungafaniswa nangalesiya sikhathi semfundo yesikhathi sobandlululo. Uhlobo lomfundi olulindelekile yilolo olunelukuluku lenkuthazo esukela kulezo zinto ezisemqoka futhi oluzokwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zomphakathi owakhelwe phezu kwentando yeningi, okuwukulingana, ukuhlonishwa kwesithunzi somuntu, impilo kanye nenhlaliswano eyiyo yomphakathi. Uhlelo lwemfundo luzama ukwakha umfundi oyofunda impilo yakhe yonke, ozethembayo, ozimele, okwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala, okwaziyo ukubala, onamakhono amaningi ehlukahlukene, onobubele, oyihloniphayo imvelo emzungezile nonekhono lokuhlanganyela emphakathini njengesakhamuzi esihlelekile nesikhuthele.
Izilimi ezigunyazwe umkhandlu wezilimi waseNingizimu Afrika, (PANSALB) nomkhandlu waseNingizimu Afrika ogunyaza izitifiketi (SAFCERT) ezinjengolimi olusetshenziswa yilabo abangaboni emehlweni (iBreyili) kanye nalolo limi lwezimpawu lwaseNingizimu Afrika olusetshenziswa yizithulu nezimungulu.
Umkhakha wezilimi wethulwa ngezingxenye ezintathu kulolo nalolo limi olusemthethweni, kube ukuthi yilolo nalolo lunomthamo walo. Lezi zingxenye ezintathu yilezi: ulimi umntwana aluncele ebeleni, ulimi lokuqala olwengeziwe kanye nolimi lwesibili olwengeziwe.
Ezweni elisebenzisa izilimi eziningi njengaleli laseNingizimu Afrika, kubalulekile ukuthi abafundi bafunde baze bafike ezingeni eliphezulu lolwazi okungenani kwezimbili izilimi zalezi zilimi ezisemthethweni nokuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye ngalezi ezinye izilimi.
Umkhakha wesifundo sezilimi uyizithupha ziya ogwayini nomgomo womnyango wemfundo mayelana nolimi okufanele lusetshenziswe kwezemfundo. Lo mgomo unikeza amabhodi alawula izikole igunya lokukhetha ngokomgomo ulimi okufanele oluvumelana nezimo ababhekene nazo noluzohambisana nomgomo wokuthi abantu bazi ulimi olungaphezu kolulodwa kwezisemthethweni ukubhekana nesimo selimi eziningi. Isitatimende somkhakha wesifundo sezilimi siletha uhlelo lokufunda oluvuna nanoma yisiphi isinqumo isikole esinokusithatha.
Ukuthi bonke abafundi kumele bafunde ulimi abaluncela lwebele kanye nokungenani olulodwa olwengeziwe olusemthethweni.
Ukuthi abafundi kumele babe zingcweti olimini lwesibili olwengeziwe, lube kodwa nolwabo lwebele lujiya lujula emithanjeni yabo ngokwentuthuko.
Ukuthi bonke abafundi kumele bafunde ulimi lwendabuko lwaseAfrika okungenani iminyaka engengaphansi kwemithathu lingakapheli leli zinga lenhlanganisela yemfundo nokuqeqesha okujwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi lungafundwa lolu limi njengolimi olwengeziwe lwesibili.
Ukuthi izindlela zokuhlola olimini lwebele zithatha ngokuthi umfundi uthi efika esikolene ebe esekwazi ukuzwa nokukhuluma ulimi lolo lwethunga. Lezi zindlela ziyakusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu lwazi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nolwazi lokufunda nokubhala lapho kubhekwa khona kakhulu ukufunda, ukubhala, ukubuka imibhalo ebhaliwe nezithombe kanye nekhono lokuhlaziya okubhaliwe. Lezi zindlela zisebenzisa uhlelo lwemfundo olunamandla okweseka ulimi lokufunda nokufundisa.
Ulimi olwengeziwe lokuqala lona luthatha ngokuthi abafundi basuke bengenalo ulwazi lwalolu limi olusha uma befika esikoleni. Uhlelo lokufunda luthi lusuka phansi amagqoza lube lwakha indlela umfundi angakwazi ngayo ukuqonda nokukhuluma ulimi lolo olusuke lulusha kuye. Kulesi sisekelo lolu hlelo lwakha indlela yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. Abafundi bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lokufunda nokubhala abasuke beluthole olimini lwabo lwebele/lwethunga bese belwedlulisela ekufundeni lolu olusha olwengeziwe lokuqala. Uhlelo lwemfundo lunikeza usizo olukhulu kulabo bafundi abayosebenzisa ulimi lwabo lokuqala olwengeziwe njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa. Ekupheleni kwebanga lesi-9, laba bafundi kusuke sekufanele ukuthi bakwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi lwabo lwethunga/lwebele nolimi olwengeziwe lokuqala ngendlela eyiyo nangokuzethemba ngokwezinhloso eziningana ezahlukene nokufunda.
Ulimi olwengeziwe lwesibili lona lwenzelwe labo bafundi abasuke befisa ukufunda izilimi ezintathu. Lolu limi lungaba olusemthethweni noma olwezizwe. Izindlela zokuhlola ziyaqikelela ukuthi abafundi bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi lwebele ngenhloso yokuxhumana. Lezi zindlela zikholelwa ekutheni sincane isikhathi okufanele sabelwe ukufunda ulimi lwesibili olwengeziwe kunesokufunda ulimi lwebele noma olwengeziwe lokuqala.
Nolimi olwengeziwe lwesibili.
Kubekwa umbono wokuthi ulimi lwebele lomfundi kumele lusetshenziselwe ukufunda nokufundisa lapho kungaphumelelekanga khona. Loku kusemqoka kakhulu eZingeni leMfundo eYisisekelo lapho abafundi befunda ukufunda nokubhala.
Ulimi olwengeziwe kumele lufakwe njengesifundo ngokushesha kusaqalwa.
Ulimi lwebele kumele baqhubeke balusebenzisele ukufunda nokufundisa baluhambise nolwengeziwe isikhathi eside nje impela.
Lapho abafundi bengena esikoleni lapho ulimi lokufunda nokufundisa kungolwengeziwe kumfundi, othisha nesikole kumele bahlele izindlela ezingajwayelekile zokusiza nokulekelela umfundi ukuba afunde ulimi olwengeziwe, kuze kufike isikhathi lapho umfundi ekwazi ukufunda ngempumelelo olimini lokufunda nokufundisa.
Izilimi ziyizisekelo sempilo yethu. Sixoxisana siqonde kahle ngomhlaba wethu ngokusebenzisa ulimi. Ulimi-ke lwakha ubuthina kanye nolwazi esinalo.
Izilimi ziveza izinjongo ezahlukehlukene, ezibonakala esiTatimendeni somkhakha wokuFunda weZilimi.
Ubuwena - ukugcina ukuthuthukisa nokushintsha ubuwena;ukugcina ubudlelwano emndenini nasemphakathini; kanye nokuzikhulisa nokuzijabulisa.
Ukuxhumana - ukuxhumana ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo ezimweni ezahlukehlukene nabantu esihlala nabo.
Ukufunda - ukuthuthukisa izikhali zokucabanga nokucabangisisa, kanye nokunikeza amathuba ukuthola ulwazi.
Ukusebenzisa imizwa - Ukwakha, ukuhumusha nokudlala ngomcabango ngeziqephu zomlomo , ezibukwayo kanye nezibhalwayo.
Kwezamasiko - ukuzwisisa nokwazisa ezinye izilimi namasiko, kanye nokuyigugu okuhambisana nazo.
Kwezombusazwe - Ukuzethemba nokucela inselele kwabanye ngento ongayiboni kahle eyenziwa omunye umuntu; ukwenza abantu babone izinto ngendlela obona ngayo; ukuzibeka wena noma omunye umuntu ngendlela yokuthi abantu bathole esinye isithombe ngawe noma ngabo; ukugcina, ukuthuthukisa nokushintsha ubuwena.
Ukuhlolisisa - ukuqonda kahle ukuhlobana phakathi kolimi, amandla nobuwena, nokucela inselele ekumelaneni nasekusetshenzisweni kolimi namandla ngendlela engafanele; ukuqonda ukuthi amasiko ayashintshashintsha; nokwenqaba ukulandela uvo lomunye umuntu nokuba kwakhiwe isithombe esithile ngawe lapho kudingeka khona.
Izimpawu ezingajwayelekile kanye nomklamoInkundla yesifundo yeziLimi iluthelela kanjani uhlelo lwezifundo?
Uthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala, okuyisisekelo esisemqoka sokufunda ezinye izinto. Kufundwa ngazo ezinye izifundo njengeMetametikisi neSayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu. Ukugqugquzela ukuzwisisa ukuhlobana kwamasiko, ukufinyelela kweminye imibono nokuzwisisa ukuthi ayiniamasiko. Uvusa usinga lokucabanga nokuqamba imisebenzi edinga acabange, ngaleyo ndlela ugqugquzela izinjongozobuciko namasiko. Ukunikeza indlela yolwazi, nokuthuthukisa izinjongo eziningi zesayensi, ubuchwepheshe nezifundo ngemvelo . Ukuthuthukisa izikhali zokuhlolisisa izinto abazidingayo ukuze babe yizakhamuzi ezithembekile.
Imiphumela emi-4 yokuqala imayelana namakhono amahlanu ahlukene olimi (ukulalela, ukukhuluma, uku-funda, ukubuka nokubhala).
Umphumela wesi-5 ubhekene nokusetshenziswa kwezilimi ekucabangeni nasekucabangisiseni okubaluleke ngempela ekufundeni nasekufundisweni kwabafundi. Lomphumela wokufunda awufakiwe ohlelweni lokufunda ulimi olwengeziwe lwesibili, ngoba lolulimi alumiselwe ukulungiselela abafundi ukuba balusebenzisele ukufunda nokufundiswa.
Umphumela wesi-6 ubhekene ngqo nolwazi lolimi - imisindo, amagama nohlelo - kusetshenziswe eziqephini. Lolu lwazi lutholakala ngokusebenzisa amakhono olimi achaziwe kweminye imiphumela yezifundo.
Le miphumela yokufunda ibhalelwe ukubhekana ngqo nezinhlobo ezithile zolwazi namakhono, nokuyigugu kucace kuzwakale kahle. Uma sisebenzisa ulimi, kepha sihlanganise ulwazi, amakhono nalokho okwaziswayo ukubeka imibono yethu. Okusemqoka ngalesisiTatimende senkundla yesifundo yeZilimi wukuhlanganisa lamakhono olimi ngokuthi kubhalwe futhi kuhunyushwe iziqephu ezifake lamakhono.
Umfundi uyakwazi ukulalela ukuze athole ulwazi nokuzijabulisa, aphendule ngendlela efanele nangokuhlolisisa ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene.
Umfundi uyakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye ngokuzethemba nangendlela ezwakalayo nefanele ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene.
Umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda abuke imibhalo ukuze athole ulwazi nokuzijabulisa, ananele ngokuhlolisisa amasiko nalokho okwaziswayo okuthinta imizwa.
Umfundi uyakwazi ukubhala izinhlobo ezahlukehlukene zemibhalo eyiqiniso nezicatshangwayo ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
Umfundi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi ukucabanga nokucabangisisa, ukuze afinyelele elwazini, aluhlaziye, bese elusebenzisa ekufundeni.
Umfundi unolwazi futhi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa imisindo, amagama kanye nohlelo lolimi, ukuziqambela nokuhumusha imibhalo.
Nakuba ukulalela nokukhuluma, ukufunda nokubuka, ukubhala, ukucabanga nokucabangisisa, nolwazi lwemisindo, amagama kanye nohlelo kwethulwe njengemiphumela ehlukene, kumele kuhlanganiswe uma ufundisa noma uhlola.
Balalela uhlobo oluthile lwesiqephu (isib. lapho kuchazwa indlela yokwenza okuthile njengokwembiwa kwegolide nokwakhiwa kwephepha).
Baqambe bese bakha isiqephu esisha esifana nesinye, befakela izinto zokwakhiwa ezifana neshadi lengqondo eligelezayo.
Ukuze bakwazi ukuqamba nokuhumusha iziqephu, abafundi badinga ulwazi ngolimi, ulwazi ngeziqephu, namakhono namasu asetshenziswa olimini.
Nendlela eyamukelekile yokusebenzisa ulimi ekuhlalisaneni kwabantu namasiko abantu, isib.
Nemifanekiso nezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngemfanelo emibhalweni ezibukwayo.
Yonke imibhalo inokuyigugu kwabantu, okungaba kuhle (isib. intando yeningi) noma kube kubi (isib. Ukubandlulula ngobuhlanga, nangobulili). Okuyigugu akubonakali njalo. Abafundi kudingeka baqaphelisise futhi babhekisise okuyigugu uma befunda noma bebuka iziqephu abazitholayo nalezo abaziqambela zona.
Bonisa ukuthi bethula okuyigugu kuziqephu abazakhele zona -isibonelo: ukubekezelelana, ukuzwelana nabanye, ukuhlonipha, ukuzithokozisa, ukuba namahlaya, ukuthanda ukudlala, ukungathokozi, nentukuthelo.
Ukufunda ulimi kungahlanganiswa futhi ngezindikimba. Ukusebenzisa indikimba ethile kuvumela umfundi ukuba akhe ulwazimagama oluhambisana nesihloko.
Ukukhetha izindikimba nezihloko ngokucophelela kunikeza umfundi ugqozi lokufunda.
Ukukhetha izihloko eziphathelene nezimpilo zabafundi, ziphinde futhi zibafundise nokunye abangakwazi, Isib.
Ukukhetha izindikimba nezihloko ezihambisana nemiphumela jikelele nemiphumela ethuthukisayo/ ekhulisayo. Isibonelo, abafundi kumele babhekane nezindaba eziphathelene namalungelo oluntu asemqoka kanye nezindaba eziphathelene nendawo yabo, njengobuphofu, isandulela ngculazi/ingculazi, ilungelo lokuba nomhlaba, kanye nobhekela okulusizo kubathengi.
Amalungelo oluntu nobulungiswa obuphathelene nendawo yabo.
Izilimi yisikhali esibalulekile ekungatholakala ngaso amalungelo oluntu nobulungiswa obuphathelene nezendawo obakuyo. Ngokusebenzisa imithetho yokulinganisa ukuhlola isitatimende somkhakha yesifundo sezilimi siqonde ukusithuthukisa ngokuphelele lesi sikhali. Abafundi kumele babe abakhulumi abazithembayo bezilimi ezimbili (noma eziningi) abanezikhali zokuhlaziya ezibenza bakwazi ukufunda umhlaba wabo kanye neziqephu ezikhulunywa futhi zibhalwe ngawo. Kumele bakwazi ukuzihlaziya lezi ziqephu 'bazibhale kabusha' ngezindlela ezenzazandise amathuba ahambelane namalungelo oluntu kanye nobulungiswa obuphathelene nendawo yabo.
Inhlosongqangi yokufundiswa kolimi olwengeziwe lwesibili ngaphezu kwalolo lwebele nalolo olwengeziwe lokuqala asuke umfundi eselufundile, kwenzelwe ukusiza abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana ngendlela eyiyo nabanye abantu bakuleli lizwe abakhuluma lezo zilimi. Ukuze ukwazi ukuphila kahle kuleli laseNingizimu Afrika njengesakhamuzi kufanele wazi izilimi eziningi yikhona uzokwazi ukuxhumana kalula nabantu abaningi abehlukene. Inhloso-ke enkulu ngeyokuthi umfundi akwazi ukukhululeka uma esebenzisa lezi zilimi exoxa nabanye ngokuthi akwazi ukusuka kulolu limi aye kolunye ngaphandle kwenkinga. Kufanele ukuba ithi ithatheka samdlalo le nto nomfundi eyithokozela kodwa kube kugxila futhi emqondweni wakhe ukuthi kufanele aluhloniphe lolu limi kanye namasiko ahambisana nalo. Ukufunda kwabafundi lolu limi kuzobasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye abantu baseNingizimu Afrika abakhuluma ulimi lwesibili olwengeziwe.
Abafundi laba basenokufunda izilimi zokufika ezifana nesiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiArabhu noma isiHindu njengezilimi zabo zesibili ezengeziwe. Lokhu kuzobasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye abantu abaqhamuka ezwenikazi laseAfrika nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Lokhu kuyoba usizo kakhulu kwezokuvakasha. Ulimi lolu kusengenzeka lube yingxenye yendabuko okanye inkolo kumfundi, ngaleyo ndlela luyinto enkulu abonakala ngayo uma ephakathi kwabanye abantu.
Laba bafundi abasuke beqala ukufunda ulimi olwengeziwe lwesibili basuke sebekwazi ukufunda nokubhala ngoba phela basuke sebefunde okuningi ngokufundwa kolimi ngesikhathi befunda ulimi lokuqala olwengeziwe. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke bangasebenzisa lolo lwazi abanalo lokufunda ulimi olusha nalokho futhi abakwaziyo ngokufunda nokubhala. Ngalesi sikhathi basuke besesigabeni lapho bekwazi khona ukubona nokuhlaziya ukuhleleka nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yohlelo lokwakha ulimi. Ekuqaleni kusuke kukuningi abakwaziyo ngaphezu kwalokhu abangakunikeza uma uthi abenze. Kuleli zinga basuke sebelolongeke kahle emakhonweni okufunda nokubheka imibhalo uma kukhulunywa ngolimi lwebele. Inselelo abasuke sebebhekene nayo ngeyokuthi bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo lolimi lapha olimini lwesibili olwengeziwe yikhona bezokwazi ukuthi balukhulume lolu limi.
Ukufunda nokubhala yikona okuzoqinisa kubuye kugxilisa emiqondweni yalaba bafundi ulwazi lolimi olukhulunywayo asebenalo, kubuye kuthuthukise namasu okufunda asebewazuzile. Ukukhuthazwa kokufunda okuya ngokuya kwelulwa yikhona okubalulekile njengendlela yokwandisa ulwazimagama nezakhiwo zawo kubafundi laba. Izincwadi zokufunda ezikhethwe zahlelwa kahle kanye nalezo ezihlekisayo yizona kanye ezingasetshenziswa kuleli zinga. Abafundi kufanele babe nesiqiniseko sokuthi bayakwazi ukufunda ulimi olwengeziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi mazingathi zisuka phansi amadaka kube sekulindeleke ukuthi laba bafundi sekulindeleke ukuthi sebengenza izimanga zokukhuluma nokubhala ulimi lolo kodwa kufanele bacathuliswe kancane ngokuthi banikwe ithuba lokulalela babuye bafunde umthamo othize olingene lelo zinga. Imisebenzana abanikezwa yona makube yileyo engenzeka ikwazi futhi ukubasiza ekufundeni nasekugxiliseni lolu limi olwengeziwe. Sincane-ke isikhathi esibekiwe ngokohlelo lwezifundo esihlelelwe ulimi lwesibili olwengeziwe. Abafundi-ke laba akulindelekile ukuthi sebengasebenzisa lolu limi uma becabanga beninga becabangisisa. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke umphumela wesihlanu wesifundo awufakiwe kulolu hlelo lokufundwa kolimi lwesibili olwengeziwe.
Ukuthi babukele izinhlelo zethelevishini, balalele nomsakazo lapho izinhlelo zethulwa ngalolu limi lwesibili olwengeziwe kubona.
Ukuthi baphume baye esikoleni nasemphakathini.lapho bezolusebenzisa khona lolu limi. Kungenzeka ukuthi abafundi basheshe balufunde kalula ulimi lolu uma kutholakala ukuthi yinto abahlangabezana nayo nsuku zonke ngokuthi balulalele, balukhulume noma babone lapho lusetshenziswa.
Esikoleni lapha kufanele kusekelwe kubuye kukhuthazwe ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi.
Ukuthi bazi futhi baqonde ukuthi ukufunda ulimi olusha yinto eyenzeka cishe impilo yakho yonke.
Ukugxilisa ukuqonda kwabo nokuthi bathande ukubaluleka nobumqoka bokuba namasiko amaningi nezilimi eziningi.
Umfundi lapha uzobe esekwazi ukulalela ukuze athole ulwazi nokuzwa lezo zindaba ezinokumjabulisa nokuthi athole ulwazi oluzomenza akwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezithile zempilo ezimweni eziningi ezahlukehlukene.
Ukulalela ngendlela eyiyo ulimi olwengeziwe ezingeni elivumelekile kwakha isisekelo esihle okungathuthukiselwa kuso lawa amanye amakhono. Ekuqaleni umfundi akazukuba nezimo eziningi okufanele abhekane nazo.
Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi axoxisana nabanye ngokukhululeka nokuzethemba uma bexoxa ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene.
Abafundi bazoqala ngokuthi bakhululeke bazethembe uma besakhuluma esimweni esiqoqekile. Lapha bazoqala ngokubona ukuthi bayakwazi yini ukulandela izakhiwo ezithize zolimi ngokuyikho njengokubingelela nje.
Ngokuqhubeka belokhu belalela bazoqhubeka nabo kancane kancane beya ngokuya bekwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi besho okusuka kubona ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi-ke beqhubeka bexoxisana nabanikazi bolimi lolo, bazobona ukuthi ukwazi izilimi eziningi lokhu kuyakusiza wena muntu nomphakathi imbala.
Umfundi lapha uzokwazi ukuthi afunde abuye abheke okuthile emibhalweni ukuze athole ulwazi noma-ke uma efundela ukuzijabulisa. Lpokhu kuzomenza ukuthi aqale ukubona ubuhle amasiko kanye nemizwa ngalokho okubalulekile okusemqoka.
Ekuqaleni ulimi olusetshenziswe emibhalweni luzoba lula. Ukufunda ngokucophelela le mibhalo ekhethiwe yahlelwa kuyadingeka ukuze ulimi luthuthuke ikakhulukazi ulwazimagama. Ukufunda lokhu yikhona phela okwakha isisekelo sokubhala lapha olimini olwengeziwe. Ngamanye amazwi kusho ukuthi uqala ngokukwazi ukulufunda ulimi ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukulubhala.
Umfundi lapha uzokwazi ukubhala imibhalo eyahlukahlukene eyiqiniso nayisusela ekhanda.
Abafundi bazobhala imibhalo elula yokuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye njengemiyalezo. Ngosizo lohlaka, bazokwazi ukuqamba imibhalo eminingi abayisusela ekhanda.
Awukho umphumela wesifundo wesihlanu njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Imisindo, uhlelo lolimi kanye nolwazimagama yikhona okuyizakhi ezakha ulimi. Ngakho-ke ukufundiswa kwako kufanele kuhambisane nengqikithi ethile futhi kudidiyelwe ekufundeni, ukulalela nokukhuluma.
Izindaba ezilula zezithombe ezinemibhalwana ecashuniwe.
Amaphepha emibuzo namafomu alula.
Imitapo yolwazi engamabhuku okufunda ulimi.
Amaphepha emibuzo namafomu alula.
Imibhalo yangempela elula (isib. Amakhadi okufiselana, izinhla zokuthenga namalisidi okuthenga).
Imitapo yolwazi eyizincwadi zokufunda ulimi.
Umfundi lapha uzobe esekwazi ukulalela ukuze athole ulwazi nokuzwa lezo zindaba ezinokumjabulisa nokuthi athole ulwazi oluzomenza akwazi ukubhekana nezimo Ukuzwisisa nokuphendula imiyalelo ngokwenza lokho okushiwoyo.
ezithile zempilo ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Ukuzwisisa nokuphendula imibuzo elula (isib. Ungubani igama lakho Uhlalaphi Uneminyaka emingaki Unabo abafowenu nodadewenu)?
Ukubonisa ukuthi uyayizwa indaba emfushane elula noma umbhalo owethula amaqiniso ngokuphendula imibuzo elula.
Ukukhombisa ukuqondisisa imibhalo yangempela emifushane eyethulwa ngomlomo (isib. iculo elilula elijwayelekile) ngokuphendula imibuzo edinga ukuphendulwa ngo "yebo" noma "cha" okanye ukugcwalisa amagama ezikhaleni.
Uma esekwazi ukubhala isibizelo esilula.
Ukulalela nokuphendula imiyalelo.
Ukulalela nokuphendula imibuzo elula (isib. Yikuphi ukudla okuthandayo Uyakwazi ukudlala umlabalaba)?
Ukulalela izindaba ezimfushane ezilula.
Ukulalela imibhalo yangempela emifushane (isib. iculo elilula elijwayelekile, isikhangisi esifushane somsakazo noma ithelevishini) ukuphendula imibuzo eyethulwe ngomlomo, nokuqedela ishadi noma umdwebo olula.
Ukwehlukanisa imisindo yolimi (esemqoka ekuphimiseni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni).
Ukuqala ukubona ezinye zezimpawu zephimbo nokugcizelela.
Ukubhala isibizelo esifushane.
Ukulalela nokuphendula imiyalelo ethe ukuba nzima nelandelanayo (isib. Indlela yokudlala umdlalo othile).
Ukulalela nokuphendula imibuzo elula (isib. Wake waya eKapa Ngubani umculi omthandayo)?
Ukulalela izindaba ezimfushane ezilula nemibhalo eyethula amaqiniso abuye aphendule imibuzo ngomlomo noma ngokubhala phansi.
Ukulalela imibhalo yangempela emifushane (isib isibikezelo sezulu somsakazo noma ithelevishini) bese ephendula ngomlomo noma ngokubhala imibuzo noma agcwalise ishadi, umdwebo noma umbhalo.
Ukwehlukanisa imisindo yolimi (esemqoka ekuphimiseni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni).
Ukukwazi ukubona ezinye zezimpawu zephimbo nokugcizelela.
Ukubhala isibizelo esifushane.
UKUKHULUMA Umfundi uzokwazi ukuxoxisana ngokuzethemba nabanye ngendlela efanele esebenzisa ulimi ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukuphendula ngokuyikho imibuzo elula (isib. ungubani igama lakho Uneminyaka emingaki)?
Ukucela ngesizotha noma ngenhlonipho (isib. ngicela ukuya endlini encane).
Ukwazi ukwehluka nokufana okukhona phakathi kwamasiko (isib. Indlela obingelela ngayo noma okhuluma ngayo nabantu ekhaya, ngolimi lwebele kanye nolokuqala nolwesibili olwengeziwe).
Ukulingisa izimo ezithize ezijwayelekile (isib. Ukuhlangana nomngani omusha).
Ukuphendula ngokuyikho imibuzo elula (isib. yimuphi umdlalo owuthandayo Wazalwa nini)?
Ukuphinda ubale izehlakalo ngokulandelana (isib. NgoMgqibelo ngaya edolobheni. Ngaqala ngokuya eposini).
Ukwenza uphenyo olula lwekilasi (isib. ukudla noma umdlalo engiwuthandayo).
Ukucela ngesizotha noma ngenhlonipho (isib. Ngicela ukuzama lezo zicathulo)?
Ukucela ukucaciselwa (isib. Ngicela uchaze angizwisisi).
Ukwazi ukwehluka nokufana okukhona phakathi kwamasiko (isib. Indlela okhombisa ngayo inhlonipho noma ukuzithoba uma ukhuluma nabantu, ngolimi lwebele nolimi olwengeziwe lokuqala nolwesibili).
Ukuphendula ngokuyikho imibuzo elula (isib. ungangilayela indlela eya esibhedlela Sikuphi isiteshi samaphoyisa Wazalwa nini)?
Ukubuza aphinde akwazi nokulayela (isib. wehla uqonde ezansi komgwaqo. Uma ufika erobhothini uye esandleni sesinxele).
Ukubamba iqhaza enkulumeni elula (isib. uma kuxoxwa ngesimo sezulu).
Ukwenza uphenyo olula lwekilasi (isib. izinhlelo ezithandwayo zethelevishini noma zemidlalo).
Ukucela ngesizotha noma ngenhlonipho(isib. Ngicela ungilayele indlela eya esiteshini samaphoyisa)?
Ukucela ukucaciselwa (isib. Angikuzwa kahle, ungezame ukuthi uthi ukunensa kancane).
Ukwazi ukwehluka nokufana okukhona phakathi kwamasiko (isib. Ukubuza indlela emuntwini ongamazi).
Ukulingisa izimo ezithize ezijwayelekile (isib. Ukubuza indlela).
Umfundi lapha uzokwazi ukuthi afunde abuye abheke okuthile emibhalweni ukuze athole ulwzi noma-ke efundela nje ukuzijabulisa. Lokhu kuzomenza ukuthi aqale ukubona ubuhle bamasiko kanye nemizwa ngalokho okubalulekile.
Izimpawu ezisendaweni esizungezile (isib. izimpawu zomgwaqo).
Ukufunda, ukulalela noma ukucula iculo elilula elidumile.
Ukufunda baqonde amagama angama - 500 maqondana nesifundo sabo uma sebephothule ibanga lesi - 4.
Ukufunda indaba elula noma umbhalo oyiqiniso.
Ukufunda imibhalo yangempela emifushane (ikhadi lokufiselana, izinhla zokuthenga, ilisidi lasesitolo, izihloko ezigqamile zamaphephandaba).
Ukufunda, ukulalela noma ukucula iculo elilula elidumile.
Ukufunda imibhalo emifushane yangempela (isib.isimo sezulu sasephephandabeni, ingxoxo ngesimo sezinkanyezi, izingoma ezidumile).
Ukufunda izincwadi zokufunda ezihlolisisiwe (uthole amagama ayi-1000 kuya kwayi -1500 amasha).
Umfundi lapha uzokwazi ukuthi afunde abuye abheke okuthile emibhalweni ukuze athole ulwzi noma-ke efundela nje ukuzijabulisa. Lokhu kuzomenza ukuthi aqale ukubona ubuhle bamasiko kanye nemizwa ngalokho okubalulekile.
Ukubonisa uhlelomagama olufundwayo Ukubonisa ulwazi lwamagama awafundile ayi -lwamagama ayi -1000 ekupheleni konyaka. 1500 ekupheleni konyaka.
UKUBHALA Umfundi lapha uzokwazi ukubhala imibhalo eyahlukahlukene eyiqiniso nayisusela ekhanda. L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukugcwalisa amafomu alula (isib iphepha lemibuzo eqondene naye).
Ukugcwalisa amagama ashiyiwe emishweni.
Ukubhala imisho ngendlela efanele ukwakha isigaba.
Ukuhumusha isiqephu esilula - usisusa olimini lwesbili olwengeziwe usiyisa olimini lwebele.
Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwamagama ahlukile kodwa aphinyiswa ngokufana/omabizwafane (isib. Ithanga/ ithanga; inyanga/inyanga).
Ukugcwalisa amafomu alula (isib. iphepha lemibuzo eqondene nokudla akuthandayo, izimpahla nomculo).
Ukubhala imisho usebenzisa uhlaka lwesakhiwo (isib. Ngizizwa).
Ukuhlela imisho ngendlela efanele ukwakha isigaba.
Ukuhumusha isiqephu esilula - usisusa olimini lwesibili olwengeziwe usiyisa olimini lwebele.
Ukugcwalisa amafomu alula (isib. iphepha lemibuzo eqondene nesimilo sakhe).
Ukubhala inkondlo, esebenzisa uhlaka (isib. Umoya ungenza, Imvula ingenza ngizizwe...).
Ukwakha iphepha lokwazisa (poster) (isib. ukwethula umphumela wophenyo lwekilasi: ukubonisa izinto abazithandayo).
Ukuhumusha umbhalo omfushane (isib. Iculo elidumile elinamagama aphindaphindwayo alula) ekususa olimini olwengeziwe ekuyisa olimini lwebele, ezama nokusebenzisa izaga nezisho.
ISAKHIWO SOLIMI NOKUSETSHENZISWA KWALO Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi imisindo, uhlelo lolimi kanye nolwazimagama yikhona okuyizakhi ezakha ulimi. L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukuphimisa imisindo yenkulumo esemagameni ngendlela evumelekile nefanele. Ukugcizelela ngendlela efanele lapha kufanele khona emagameni.
Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ukugcizelela ezindaweni ezifanele emshweni ngendlela evumelekile nefanele.
Ukukwazi ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwamagama angophimbohluka (isitha/isitha).
Ukwakha umusho oqondile (isib. Umuntu uyahamba).
Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa imisho ephikayo (Isib. Angihambi/akahambi).
Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa izinsizasenzo (Isib. ubedlala, usadlala).
Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa indlela yempoqo (isib Suka/Sukani).
Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa ubunye kanye nobuningi (isib. umuntu/abantu).
Ukusebenzisa imisindo yenkulumo, ulwazimagama kanye nohlelo lolimi olungeziwe.
Ukuphimisa amagama ngokuyikho nangokufanele.
Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ukugcizelela emishweni ngendlela efanele.
Ukufakela iziphawulo nezandiso ekwakhiweni kwemisho eqondile (Isib. Abafana abakhulu badlala ibhola).
Ukuhlanganisa imisho esebenzisa isihlanganiso "na" no "kanye na" (isib. Ngihamba nomfana kanye nenja).
Ukusebenzisa inkathi ezayo (isib. Uzofika kusasa, Bazosebenza noma libalele).
Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithile (isib. indlela yesimo: Sizohamba uma libalele).
Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ukugcizelela emishweni ngendlela efanele.
Ukufakela iziphawulo nezandiso ekwakhiweni kwemisho eqondile (Isib. Abafana abakhulu badlala ibhola).
Ukuhlanganisa imisho besebenzisa isihlanganiso "na" no "kanye na" (isib. Ngihamba nomfana kanye nenja).
Ukusebenzisa inkathi ezayo (isib. Uzofika kusasa, Bazosebenza noma libalele).
Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithile (isib. indlela yesimo: Sizohamba uma libalele).
ISAKHIWO SOLIMI NOKUSETSHENZISWA KWALO Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi imisindo, uhlelo lolimi kanye nolwazimagama yikhona okuyizakhi ezakha ulimi. Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa izabizwana (isib. mina, wonke, yedwa, bobabili, lowo). Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokubuza (Isib. Uhlalaphi, Uneminyaka emingaki Unodadewenu nabafowenu abangaki)?
Ukuzwisisa nokusebenzisa izandiso ezithile (isib. Phakathi, phandle, phezulu).
Ukuqopha phansi kusichazimagama sakhe ulwazimagama oluphathelene nesifundo sakhe kanye nokuthinta yena uqobo ngqo.
Ukukhombisa ulwazimagama asefinyelele kulo okuwu - 500 ekupheleni kweBanga lesi - 4.
Ukupela amagama ahlanganisa imisindo ethile (ingxibongo, ingculazi).
Ukubonisa ulwazimagama lokufunda okungenani olunamagama angaba yi - 1 500 ekupheleni kweBanga -5.
Ukupela amagama ahlanganisa imisindo ethile (ingxibongo, ingculazi).
Ukubonisa ulwazimagama lokufunda okungenani olunamagama angaba yi - 1 500 ekupheleni kweBanga - 6.
Ekupheleni kwezinga eliphakeme lemfundo, abafundi abangaluncelanga lolu limi ebeleni kodwa abalukhuluma njengolimi olwengeziwe lwesibili, kufanele bebe sebekwazi ukuxhumana nokuxoxisana ngalo uma bezikhulumela nabanye abantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Kufanele bazimisele ukuthi balukhulume lolu limi yikhona bezokwazi ukuthi bezwane nalabo abalukhulumayo, oluwulimi lwebele kubona. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi siyahloniphana njengezidalwa ezingabantu, kwenza futhi nalabo bafundi bazizwe beyingxenye yale Ningizimu Afrika yethu. Kuleli zinga abafundi kufanele bebe sebekwazi ukukhuluma lolu limi ngokukhululeka nokuzethemba ikakhulukazi uma kuxoxwa. Kufanele bakuthokozele ukuthi sebeyakwazi ukusuka kulolu limi baye kolunye ngaphandle kwenkinga. Kumele kube yinto esamdlalo nethandekayo kuloyo ofundayo kodwa kube ngaso leso sikhathi inhlonipho yolimi namasiko yakheka ingena igxila emqondweni wakhe.
Kubafundi abasuke befunda ulimi olusha olungolokufika kubona, beluqala ngqa, nabo kufanele kuthi kufika kuleli zinga bebe sebelukhuluma ngokukhulu ukuzethemba. Kufanele bebe sebekwazi ukulukhuluma uma kuxoxwa nje ngokujwayelekile futhi bakwazi ukulufunda nokulubhala.
Abafundi laba kumele ukuba basuke sebenalo ulwazi oluncane lwalolu limi olwengeziwe lwesibili okungakhelwa kulo. Lolu lwazi basuke beluzuze ezingeni eliphakathi. Yilolu lwazi-ke okusuke sekufanele luthuthukiswe kuleli zinga eliphakeme lemfundo Kufanele bathi beqeda ibanga lesishiyagalolunye, labo bafundi bebe sebekwazi ukulukhuluma lolu limi ngokukhululeka nangokuzethemba ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Kufanele bebe sebekwazi ukukhuluma baxoxisane ngokukhululeka nabafundi abangabakhulumi balolu limi. Kufanele bebe sebekwazi ukushaya ucingo besebenzisa lolu limi olwengeziwe, bakwazi futhi nokubuka izinhlelo zikamabonakude ezethulwa ngalolu limi. Kufanele baqikelele indlela abaphimisa ngayo amagama, bazame nokugwema amaphutha angadalwa yindlela abahlela ngayo imisho namagama abawasebenzisayo. Kumele babe sebenolwazi cishe lwamagama angaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu (3 000) abaziyo ukuthi asho ukuthini. Kufanele babe nalo futhi uthando lwesiko elihambisana nalolo lulimi. Kufanele bazi umehluko okhona phakathi kwamasiko nemikhutshana yalolo limi, bazi futhi ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokukhuluma eyamukelekile nengamukelekile kulolo lulimi nokuthi kuhlonishwana kanjani uma kukhulunywa ngalo. Ulwazi lwalokhu osekubaliwe luzobenza bazizwe bekhululekile uma behleli nabanikazi balolo lulimi ngoba bayayazi yonke imidanti nemicikilisho ehambisana nalo.
Isikole kudingeka sibe yindawo ezokwazi ukukhombisa ubumqoka bokuba nezilimi eziningi, sibuye futhi siseseke, sisikhuthaze leso simo. Izilimi lezo zokufika ezisuke zizintsha sha kubafundi kufanele kuzanywe ukuthi zenziwe zibonakale ziyinto esemqoka nephilayo ngokuthi kukhuthazwe izinsuku zokugubha amasiko lapho lezi zilimi zizosetshenziswa khona. Ukufunda ulimi olwengeziwe lwesibili lokhu kufanele kubasize abafundi ngokuthi bazitholele amasu athile okufunda ulimi ngoba phela ukufunda izilimi ezintsha lezi uzifunda impilo yakho yonke.
Ngesikhathi abafundi sebefika ekutheni bafunde ulimi lwesibili olwengeziwe, iminyaka yabo nezinto abazithandayo kuzobe sekungaphezulu kwezinga lolimi lwabo. Kubalulekile-ke ukuthi kutholakale imibhalo elula ekholekayo nezothandwa abantu abasebangeni eliphakathi kobungane nobudala. Imibhalo yokufundwa okuyiyona edingekayo yileyo ehlelwe ngokwamazinga. Uma abafundi beqale ukufunda ezingeni elifanele, bazokwazi ukuthi belokhu beqokelela ulwazi lwalolo lulimi njengoba belokhu beqhubeka befunda.
Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi alalele ukuze athole ulwazi nokuthi akwazi ukujabulela leyo nto asuke eyilalele nokuthi akwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezahlukahlukene zempilo angahle ahlangabezane nazo.
Ukulalela okuyikho olimini olwengeziwe uma kuqalwe ezingeni elifanele, kwakha isisekelo esihle sokuthi kukwazi ukuthi kuthuthukiseke onke lawa amanye amakhono kubafundi. Abafundi bazokwazi ukuthi baqale kancane kancane ukuzwa imibhalo emide nengajwayelekile ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene.
Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi axoxisane ngokukhululeka nangokuzethemba uma kuxoxwa nje ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene.
Abafundi lapha bazokhululeka bangabe besancika kulokho abekade bekuhlohle emakhanda ukuthi uma ufuna ukuthi uzothi, njengokuthi nje kufanele bazi ukuthi uyaye uthini uma ucela bakuthelele uphethilolo egalaji. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke bazoqala ukuthi basebenzise ulimi ngokuthi bazisholo lokho abakucabangayo okusuka kubo ngaphakathi, bekubeka futhi ngendlela yabo.
Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi afunde ebe ebheka ulwazi nokuthi athole ukuthokoza ngalokho akufundayo nokuthi akwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezifana nokwazi ukuthi yini okusemqoka okuthinta amasiko nemizwa kanye nalokho okuthandekayo okutholakale emibhalweni awufundile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abafundi baqale ngokufunda imibhalo ethokozisayo nekhetheke nangokucophelela ukuze lokho kubasize ekuthuthukiseni ulimi kanye nolwazimagama lwabo kulolo lulimi. Ukufunda yikona futhi okuyisisekelo sokuthi umfundi akwazi ukubhala ikakhulukazi olimini olwengeziwe. Ukufunda lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubafundi abasuke befunda ulimi abaluqala ngqa ngoba lokhu abakufundayo okusuke kubhalwe phansi yikona okuyisisusa solwazi abalusebenzisa kakhulu uma sebephumile ekilasini sebezikhulumela nje ngaphandle.
Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi abhale imibhalo eyahlukahlukene eyiqiniso nazisusela yona ekhanda ebhalela izinhloso eziningi ezahlukene.
Abafundi bazokwazi ukubhala imibhalo ephusile nezwakalayo bebhalela izinhloso ezahlukene.
Umfundi uzokwazi okuyizona zinto ezakha ulimi okuyimisindo, amagama kanye nohlelo lolimi nokuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa kanjani ekuqambeni nasekuhumusheni umbhalo.
Imisindo, uhlelo lolimi kanye nolwazimagama yikhona okwakha ulimi. Kufanele-ke lezi zinto zontathu zifundiswe ngendlela efanele ngokuthi zididiyelwe ekufundeni, ukulalela nokukhuluma.
Kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo kuzonikezwa izindlela zokuhlola zalowo nalowo mkhakha wesifundo kuleso naleso sigaba. Kunikezwa izibonelo zemibhalo engasetshenziswa kule ndlela yokufunda ulimi edidiyelwe. Akuzona-ke kuphela izibonelo ezingasetshenziswa lezi, uthisha usengazikhethela ezakhe azothasisela ngazo kulezo ezinikeziwe.
Izinkondlo ezihaywayo isib.
Izinhlelo zethelevishini isib.
UKULALELA Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi alalele ukuze athole ulwazi nokuthi akwazi ukujabulela leyo nto asuke eylalele nokuthi akwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezahlukahlukene zempilo angahle ahlangabezane nazo. L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukulalela nokuphendula imibuzo elula neqondile (isib. Wake waya eKapa Waya nini lapho). Ukulalela umlayezo ocingweni ukwazi ukuwubhala phansi?
Ukulalela izindaba ezimfishane ezilula nemibhalo eyethula amaqiniso.
Ukulalela imibhalo yangempela emifishane (isib. iculo elidumile).
Ukwehlukanisa imisindo yolimi ukwazi ukubona leyo ebalulekile ekukhulumeni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni.
Ukuqala ukubona izimpawu ezithile zephimbo nokugcizelela.
Ukubhala isibizelo esifushane esilula.
Ukulalela nokuphendula imibuzo (isib. Kumele ngenze njani).
Ukulalela ingxoxo emfishane.
Ukulalela izindaba ezimfishane ezilula nemibhalo eyethula amaqiniso.
Ukulalela imibono ethile yemibhalo emifishane yangempela (ingxenye yesophi yethelevishini edumile).
Ukwehlukanisa imisindo yolimi ukwazi ukubona imisindo ebalulekile ekukhulumeni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni.
Ukubona izimpawu ezimbalwa zephimbo nokugcizelela.
Ukubhala isibizelo esifushane.
Ukulalela nokuphendula imibuzo (isib. Ukutsheleni)?
Ukulalela ingxoxo ende.
Ukulalela izindaba nemibhalo eyethula amaqiniso.
Ukwehlukanisa imisindo yolimi ukwazi ukubona leyo misindo ebalulekile ekukhulumeni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni.
Ukubona izimpawu ezimbalwa zephimbo nokugcizelela.
Ukubhala isibizelo esifushane (isib. incwadi).
UKUKHULUMA Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi axoxisane ngokukhululeka nangokuzethemba uma kuxoxwa nje ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukuphendula imibuzo ngendlela efanele (isib. Ngubani okhulumayo Ngingakhuluma no Ngingawushiya umlayezo)?
Ukuxoxisana nomfundi afunda naye abuye ethule umbiko ngalokho.
Ukuba yingxenye yengxoxo eyethulwa ngocingo.
Ukucela ukucaciselwa (isib. Ngiyaxolisa ucingo aluzwakali kahle angizwanga ukuthi utheni).
Ukucela ukucaciselwa (isib. Uxolo, ucingo aluzwakali kahle. Angikuzwanga).
Ukuqonda izinto ezifanayo nezingafani emasikweni (isib. indlela umuntu okufanele aziphathe ngayo uma ekhuluma ocingweni).
Ukuphendula imibuzo ngendlela efanele (isib. Ucabanga ukuthi kumele ngenzeni Ngicabanga ukuthi kumele Uma benginguwe, bengi...)?
Ukubamba iqhaza engxoxweni elula (isib. ukuxoxisana ngenkinga nokucela izeluleko).
Ukwenza ucwaningo ngekilasi (isib. izinto esizikhathaza ngazo kakhulu), ukusebenzisa ithebula noma igrafu lapho wethula imiphumela, nokunikeza umbiko ngalokho okwenzekile.
Ukuqonda ukufana nokwehluka kwamasiko isib. yiluphi uhlobo lombuzo oqondene nomuntu ongawubuza emasikweni ehlukene, hloboni yezinto eningakwazi ukuxoxa ngazo emasikweni nasezinkolelweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ukulingisa izimo ezijwayelekile (isib. 'izinkinga' abantu abasha abahlangabezana nazo).
Ukuphendula imibuzo ngendlela efanele (isib. Ukutsheleni Ungitshele ukuthi ubeye edolobheni wabona uThembi)?
Ukubika ngokushiwo ngomunye umuntu.
Ukubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni zamaqenjana abantu abambalwa, lapho omunye ebika khona ngokushiwo ngabanye.
Ukulingisa izimo ezijwayelekile (isib. ukubhekana nomuntu ohlukumezayo abanye).
UKUFUNDA NOKUBHEKA Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi afunde ebe ebheka ulwazi nokuthi athole ukuthokoza ngalokho akufundayo nokuthi akwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezifana nokwazi ukuthi yini esemqoka okuthinta amasiko nemizwa kanye nalokho okuthandekayo okutholakala emibhalweni awufundile. L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukufunda imibhalo emifishane esizwa nayimifanekiso (isib. isikhangisi, imidwebo ehlekisayo). Ukufunda okulula kwalokhu; iculo, inkondlo, indaba noma umbhalo owethula amaqiniso.
Ukufunda izincwadi zokufunda eziningi ezikhethiwe (ezingaba sezingeni lamagama ayi-1 500 - 2 000).
Ukukhombisa ulwazi lwamagama angawafunda okungenani angaba yi- 2 000 ngasekupheleni kwebanga 7.
Ukufunda izinhlopo ezahlukene zezindaba nemibhalo yamaqiniso.
Ukufunda amaculo, izinkondlo, izindaba nemibhalo yamaqiniso.
Ukufunda imibhalo yangempela emifishane (isib. izincwadi ezivela kuphephabhuku engosini yokweluleka intsha).
Ukufunda izincwadi ezihlungiwe eziningi (ezingaba sezingeni lamagama angu-2000 - 2500).
Ukukhombisa ulwazi lwamagama angawafunda angalinganiselwa emagameni angu-2500 ekupheleni kwaleli banga lesi 8.
Ukufunda izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindaba (isib. izindaba eziphathelene nezinkambo) nemibhalo ekhuluma ngezinto ezinobuqiniso.
Ukufunda okuningi kwalokhu okulandelayo okuchukuluza ingqondo; izingoma, izinkondlo, izindaba nemibhalo equkethe amaqiniso.
Ukufunda imibhalo yangempela emifishane (isib. ikhadi lezithandani).
Ukufunda izincwadi ezihlungiwe eziningi ezingaba sezingeni lamagama angu 2500-3000.
Ukukhombisa ulwazi lwamagama angawafunda angalinganiselwa emagameni angu-3000 ekupheleni kwaleli banga lesi 9.
UKUBHALA Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi abhale imibhalo eyahlukahlukene eyiqiniso nazisusela yona ekhanda ebhalela izinhloso eziningi ezahlukene. L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukubhala umyalezo (isib. encwajaneni yokubhala imilayezo yocingo). Ukubhala nokwenza inkulumompendulwano elula. (isib. ingxoxo phakathi komakhelwane omunye ekhononda ngomsindo womsakazo osho phezulu).
Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwamagama angophimbofana kodwa ebe enezincazelo ezehlukile (isib. ithanga/ithanga; idlelo/idlelo).
Ukubhala incwadi (isib. eya engosini yezeluleko).
Ukubhala impendulo yencwadi.
Ukubhala indaba emfushane elula.
Ukuhumusha umbhalo omfushane uwususele kolunye ulimi uwuyise kolunye (isib. umlayezo wephosikhadi).
Isakhiwo nobhalomagama lwamagama amasha.
Ukubhala umbhalo omfushane ophathelene nezokuhlalisana (isib. incwadi eya kumuntu othile).
Ukubhala umbhalo osuka ekhanda (isib. inkondlo emfushane).
Ukubhala umbhalo onenkulumompendulwano elula (isib. ukubingelelana kwabantu bebonana okokuqala bebuzana nempilo).
Ukubhala nokuqopha umbhalo omfushane olula ohambisana nemidwebo (ikhadi lokufiselana).
Ukubhala indaba emfushane.
Ukuhumusha umbhalo omfushane uwususele kolunye ulimi uwuyise kolunye (isib. incwajana equkethe ulwazi oluthile).
Ukukhombisa ikhono elithuthukayo lokupela amagama ngendlela efanele.
ISAKHIWO SOLIMI NOKUSETSHENZISWA KWALO Umfundi uzokwazi okuyizona zinto ezakha ulimi, okuyimisindo, amagama kanye nohlelo lolimi nokuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa kanjani ekuqambeni nasekuhumusheni umbhalo L oku kubonakala uma umfundi ekwazi: Ukuphimisa amagama, nokwazi ukuthi igama ligcizelelwa kuphi nomusho, azi nokuthi iphimbo lehla nini liphakame nini. Ukuguquguqula isiphawulo ekusisebenziseni (isib. abafana abakhulu/Abafana abakhulukazi).
Ukuhlanganisa imisho ngesihlanganiso "kodwa" (isib. Unemali eningi kodwa akasebenzi).
Ukusebenzisa umbandela wesibili (isib. Uma usebenza kahle, uzophumelela).
Soze line (isiqinisekiso - elandulayo).
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa amagama anobudlelwana (ukuhlela ngononina) isib. 'ikhofi elimnandi' hhayi 'ikhofi elinamandla'.
Ukuphimisa amagama nokwazi ukuthi igama ligcizelelwa kuphi nomusho, azi nokuthi iphimbo lehla nini liphakame nini futhi.
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa isabizwana soqobo (isib. yena).
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izandiso (isib. e-, o-/ ekhaya).
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa inkathi edlule eqhubekayo isib. Wayesasebenza eGoli.
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izenzo ezingaqedeli (isib. ukwehla/esihlalweni).
Ukuqopha ulwazimagama olusha kusichazimagama sakhe azakhele sona.
Ukuphimisa amagama, nokwazi ukuthi igama ligcizelelwa kuphi nomusho, azi nokuthi iphimbo lehla nini likhupkuke nini futhi.
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa inkathi edlule (Ngenkathi efika, ubesehambile).
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa inkulumo ebikiwe.
Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa isihlanganiso (Uma ngingawina imali, ngingathenga ukudla).
Ukuqopha ulwazimagama olusha kusichazimagama azakhele sona.
Ukukhombisa ulwazi lwamagama angabalelwa ku-3000 ekupheleni konyaka.
ISAKHIWO SOLIMI Ukuqopha ulwazimagama olusha kusichazimagama NOKUSETSHENZISWA KWALO sakhe azenzele sona. Umfundi uzokwazi okuyizona zinto ezakha ulimi, okuyimisindo, amagama kanye Ukukhombisa ulwazi lwamagama angabalelwa nohlelo lolimi nokuthi lokhu ku-2000 ekupheleni konyaka.
Ukukhombisa ulwazi lwamagama angabalelwa ku-2500 ekupheleni konyaka.
Uhlaka lokuhlola lwesitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R - 9 (ezikoleni) sisekelwe phezu kwemigomo yemfundo esekelwe phezu kwemiphumela. Ukuhlola kufanele kukhombise indlelaumfundi aqhubeka ngayo, kube kuqikelelafuthi ukuthi abafundi bayakwazi ukudidiyela ulwazi namakhono. Ukuhlola lokhu kufanele kubuye kusize abafundi ukuthi bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngokuseben-za kwabo, ukuzihlelela izinhloso zokuqhubeka nokubuye bachukuluze imizwa yabo yokuqhubeka nokufunda.
Ukusiza ekuhlolweni komfundi lesi sitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke.
Sibeka izindlela zokuhlola njengento ebalulekile enqubweni yokuhlola kulelo nalelo banga. Izindlela zokuhlola zichaza izinga elindelekile lokwenza nezindlela zokwenza ezahlukehlukene zemiphumela yesifundo ngasinye sebanga ngalinye. Ukwenza kwabafundi emiphumeleni yesifundo kumele kulingwe kubhekwe nezindlela zokuhlola.
Ukuhlola esitatimendeni esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke esibukeziwe samabanga R - 9 (ezikoleni) kuyinto eqhubekayo, yokuqoqa ulwazi oluqokelelwe ngokubheka umsebenzi wabafundi obhekwa kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlola imiphumela yokufunda. Kudinga izimpawu ezichazwe kahle namasu okwenza ahlukehlukene ukwenza othisha bakwazi ukunikeza abafundi umbiko womsebenzi nokubika kubazali nabanye abantu abanentshisekelo.
Imfundo esekelwe phezu kwemiphumela indlela yokufundisa nokufunda ekubeka kucace okumele abafundi bakuzuze. Umgomo esebenza ngawo ukuthi uthisha kumele asho kuqala ukuthi abafundi kulindeleke ukuba bafinyelelephi. Umsebenzi kathisha ukufundisa ukuze asize abafundi ukuba bafinyelele ezidingweni zezindlela zokuhlola esohlelweni lwezifundo; umsebenzi womfundi ukufunda noma akwazi ukwenza okudingwa izindlela zokuhlola. Ukuhlola kusemqoka emfundweni esekelwe phezu kwemiphumela ngoba kumele kubelula ukuhlola lapho umfundi esefinyelele kokudingekayo ebangeni ngalinye.
Kuveze obala yonke imininingwane futhi kubeke iqonde ngqo.
Kuhlanganiseke nokufundisa kanye nokufunda.
Kuhlukahluke ngezindlela, amasu, izikhali zokuhlola kanye nengqikithi.
Kube yiqiniso, kukhombe ukwethembeka, ubuqotho, kuhambisane nomfundi kuvume ukuguquguka ngokwanele ukuvumela amathuba andayo.
Inhlosongqangi enkulu yokuhlola abafundi kumele kube ukwandisa ukukhula nokuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye, kungenzelwa ukuthatha izinqumo zenqubekelaphambili ngale ndlela, ukuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuqaphela inqubekela phambili yabafundi, kanye nokubalungiselela/nokubasiza ekufundeni. Zinhlanu izindlela eziqondile zokusebenzisa ukuhlola.
Ukuhlola okuyisisekelo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwebanga noma izinga ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi abafundi yini abakwaziyo Isiza othisha ukuhlela izinhlelo zezifundo kanye nemisebenzi yokufunda.
Ukuhlola okufunisisayo Ukuhlola okufunisisayo kusetshenziselwa ukufunisisa uhlobo nembangela yezingxaki ekufundeni okwenzakala kumfundi othize. Kulandelwa ukuhola okulungisayo, ukusekela okufanele nezindlela zokungena ulungise, noma ukubathumela kwabanolwazi ukuze bathole usizo ikakhulukazi kubafundi abanezidingo ezingajwayelekile.
Ukuhlola okwakhayo. Ukuhlola okwakhayo kuhlola kuphinde kusekele ukufunda okufunda, kuphinde kusetshenziselwe ukunikezaabafundi nothisha ngenqubekela phambili yabafundi ukwenza ukufunda kube ngcono. Imibiko eyakhayoyomsebenzi wabafundi iyanikezwa ukuze abafundi bakhule ngolwazi.
Ukuhlola okuhleliwe. Ukuhlola okuhleliwe ukuhlola ukusebenza ngemfanelo kohlelo lwemfundo. Ingxenye eyodwa yalolu hleloibheka ukusebenza komfundi kuqhathaniswa nezinkomba zokuhlola okuvunyelenwe ngazo kuzwelonke. Ukuhlola okuhleliwe kwenziwa ukupheleni kwezinga ngalinye lenhlanganisela yemfundo jikelele nokuqeqesha. Isibonelo sezikole kanye nabafundi siyakhethwa ezifundazweni noma kuzwelonke ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolaokuhleliwe.
Izimpawu zokuhlola okuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo yikona okusetshenziswa kusitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke.
Kuthatha isikhathi esithile kwenziwa kanti kuyaqhubeka: Ukufunda kuyahlolwa njalo nje bese amarekhodi okuqhubeka ayalungiswa abukezwe kuze kuyophela unyaka.
Kusekele ekukhuliseni kanye nasekuthuthukiseni abafundi: Abafundi babamba iqhaza ngemfanelo ekufundeni nasekuhloleni, bayangena ekuzihloleni, bazibukele abanokukwenza bona ngokwabo, babheke ukufunda kwabo bese baba nolwazi lokulungisa ububona, ngaleyo ndlela kwenyuse ukuzethemba.
Kunikeza indlela eyakhayo yokubika umsebenzi wabafundi evela ekufundeni nasekufundiseni. Izindlela zokubika umsebenzi yinto esemqoka kakhulu yokuhlola okwakhayo. Izindlela zokubika ukulungiswa komsebenzi zifaka indlela efanele yokubuza, kubhekwe indlela uthisha anikeze imibono yakhe ngomlomo noma ngokubhala ngokwakufanele umsebenzi wokuhlola nokugqugquzela umfundi ukuthi afinyelele kukho.
Kuvumela ukuhlola okuhlangene: Lokhu kungafakela ukuhlola izindlela zokuhlola ephakathi komsebenzi wokuhlola owodwa, kuphinde kuhlanganise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola, imigomo kanye nezikhali zokuhlola izindlela zokuhlola Ukwazi ukwenza okushiwo izindlela zokuhlola ezithile noma umphumela wesifundo othile kungaboniswa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ngalokho izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza kanye namathuba kumele zethulwe ukuze abafundi baveze amakhono abo.
Kusebenzisa amasu okwenza ezbandakanya izidingo zabafundi abahlukahlukene eziphathelene nolimi nomzimba, nengqondo, nemizwa kanye namasiko: Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwenza othisha babe nozwelo phezu kwabafundi abanezidingo ezingajwayelekile nokukwazi ukususa okuvimba ukuthi abafundi bahluleke ukufunda besebenzisa izindlela ezikwazi ukuguquguqulwa. Nanoma kukuliphi iqembu labafundi, kukhona izilinganiso nezindlela zokufunda ezahlukahlukene Bonke abafundi abadingi ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi esilinganayo kanye nangendlela efanayo.
Kuyakuvumela ukuhlola okuqoqayo: Ukuqoqelwa ndawonye kwemisebenzi yokuhlola okuqoqayo kunikeza isithombe esiphelele sokuthi umfundi uqhuba kanjani ngesikhathi esithile esinikeziwe Ukuhlola okuqoqayo kudinga ukuhlelwa ngemfanelo kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, ngenhloso yokubandakanya izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola -isibonelo -, imisebenzi, amaphrojekthi, izivivinyo - kuzokwazi ukunikeza abafundi amathuba ahlukahlukene okhombisa abakufundile.
Ukukhetha amaqhinga okuhlola kuyinto umuntu azicabangela yona, kuhluke kuthisha nothisha, ibanga nesikole ngasinye kusekelwe ekwazini ukuthatha isinqumo esinolwazi kukathisha . Ukuba khona kwendawo kanye nemithombo kunomthelela kulesi sinqum, kodwa noma imithombo ifana, othisha bayehluka ekukhetheni okuthile.
Izindlela namasu okwenza nezikhali zokuhlola ezikhethelwe imisebenzi yokuhlola kumele ziyifanele izindlela zokuhlola okumele zihlolwe, kanye nenhloso yokuhlola kumele kuzwisiswe yibo bonke abafundi nothisha okubhekiswe kubo. Ukukwazi ukwenza okuthgile kungaboniswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene eziningi. Ngaloko izindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene ziyadinga ukunikeza abafundi ithuba lokubonisa amakhono abo ngokugcwele.
Umsebenzi ofanayo wokuhlola wakhiwe njengesikhali esithuthukisayo. Ungabekwa ezingeni lezwe isifundazwe, isigodi noma amaqoqo. Uhlolwa ngothisha uhlolwe ngemfanelo ngabangekho esikoleni/ ngaphandle kwesikole.
Ukuqinisekisa amathuba avulekile umfundi angaba nawo.
Isikole kanye nothisha banesibopho sokuhlola abafundi . Othisha balindeleke ukuba bakhe indlela yokuhlola eyiqiniso, ethembekayo nekholekayo. Inqubomgomo yesifundazwe kumele iqikelele ukuthi abafundi, amaqembu okuhlola ezikole, amaqembu abasekeli besifunda, usizo olusekelayo, kanye nabazali babamba iqhaza ngokufanele.
Ileso naleso sikole kumele sithuthukise inqubomgomo wokuhlola osekelwe ngomhlahlandlela wesifundazwe kanye nokazwelonke. Kumele sibe neqembu lesikole lokuhlola kanye nohlelo lesikole lokuhlola ukuze baqhubele phambili ukusetshenziswa kwale nqubomgomo. Iqembu kumele libe namalunga amela izinga kanye nemikhakha yezifundo.
Indlela yokuhlola okuqhubekayo okuhlelwe nokuzosetshenziswa ngayo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kuyo yonke imkikhakha yokuhlola.
Ukuthola ukuvumelana phakathi kothisha abasebangeni elilodwa ngaloko abakubona kudingeka ukwenelisaizindlela zokuhlola kanye nemiphumela yesifundo.
Ukufinyelela ekuqondeni ngokufanayo inqubomgomo wokuhlola wesikole.
Ukulonda ng okubhalwa kusemqoka kuko konke ekuhloleni, ikakhulukazi kukuhlola okuqhubekayo. Incwadi yokubhalwa phansi noma ifayela kumele ilondwe iphinde ilungiswe njalo uthisha nothisha.
Okubhalwa phansi kumele kusekelwe ngokuhlola okusemthethweni nokungekho emthethweni . Konke okubhalwe phansi kumele kufinyeleleke kukho, kukwazi ukuchazeka kalula, kulondwe ngemfanelo, kugcine okuyisifuba kuphinde kusize ekufundiseni nasendleleni yokubhala phansi.
Inqubomgomo wesikole wokuhlola ibeka obala imininingwane ngendlela okufanele okubhalwa phansi kwenziwe ngayo . Amakhodi okuhlola asetshenziselwa ukwethula ukuthi umfundi usebenza kanjani uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlola nemiphumela yezifundo. Amakhodi asetshenzisiwe kumele abonakale kahle aphinde aqondwe ngabafundi kanye nabazali . Amakhodi ongawasebenzisela ukuhlola Ziningi izindlela zokunikeza umbiko ngomsebenzi wokuhlola wabafundi owethulwa ngukuthisha ukuze akubhale phansi.
Ukuthi izinga lokusebenza labafundi kumele yini liqhathaniswe nelontanga, nelokwenza elidlule; kanye /noma nezidingo zezindlela zokuhlola nemiphumela yezifundo.
Uma uthisha eseqaphelisise izinto ezethulwe ngenhla wathatha nezinqumo ngenhloso nohlobo lomsebenzi wokuhlola, yilapho angakhetha amakhodi afanele okuhlola. Amanye amakhodi alungele izinhloso ezithile kunamanye. Isibonelo, amaphuzu abekwayo angaba nomthelela kokunye, anagabheka umfundi ngamunye abeke nemibono yokuthi kungalungiswa kanjani. Imibono ebekiwe iyasiza ekwethuleni umbiko ngezinga lokusebenza lomfundi kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlola. Nokho -ke, imibono ithatha isikhathi eside ukubhalwa kanti akukho lula ukuyirekhoda. Amakhodi afana no'kuhle ngokweqile', 'kuhle kakhulu', 'kuhle', 'kulingene' no akulingene' asheshe abhaleke avumele nokubona ukuqhubeka kuhlola kuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi odlule kanye nezindlela zokuhlola. Nokho-ke azinikezi imininingwane eyethulwa yile mibono. Amamaki ngakwelinye icala, ayashesha ukubhaleka phansi aphinde ahlanganiswe, aphindaphindwe, ahlukaniswe. Ayasiza ekuhloleni izinga lokwenza lomfundi kuqhathaniswa nafunda nabo ekilasini, namanye amazinga noma izikole. Nokho -ke zinikeza ulwazi oluncane ngezinga lokwenza labafundi kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zukuhlola.
Amathebula (amarubhriki) akhelwe ikakhulukazi umsebenzi noma umbiko wokuhlola. Noma ngabe ukhetha yiphi ikhodi yokuhlola, ukukwethula kokulungiswa komsebenzi kusebenza kangcono uma uditshaniswa nemibono ebekiwe. Kukhona ukuthi kungaba khona ukulungiseka kokufinyelelwa kokuthile uma abafundi banikezwa ukulungiswa komsebenzi okubhaliwe kunokubanikeza amamaki kuphela. Nanoma amamaki namaphesenti asiza ezinhlosweni zokubhala phansi, njengoba kulula ukubhala amamaki encwadini yokurekhoda, azikulungelanga ukunikeza umbiko nomsebenzi ezinye izinkinga zamamaki ukuthi zingaguquguqulwa ngezindlela eziningi nokuthi zifihla okuningi ngokuzuzwe ngumfundi nenqubekela phambili yakhe. Uma abafundi baqede umsebenzi wokuhlola ongaphezulu kowodwa kuba nokulingeka kokufuna ukusebenzisa amamaki ngendlela yezibalo, yokuwahlanganisa bese bewahlukanisa ngokulingana. Uma loku kwenziwa amamaki alahlekelwa ubumqoka ekunikezeni ulwazi. Amamaki ahlukaniswe ngokulingana noma ahlanganisiwe afihla iphuzu lokuthi umfundi angabe esefinyelele ekufundeni okudingekayo ngemfanelo kweyodwa ingxenye engafinyelelanga kwenye . Amamaki anikeza umbono - jikelele wokufinyelela kokuthile kodwa afihle izizathu zokufinyelela kokuhlola (noma ukungabi khona kokufinyelela) okuvela komunye umfundi, nokuvimbela ukubhekana-ngqo kokufunda okuthile okuvela ekuhloleni. Ziphinda futhi zingachazi ukuqhubeka komfundi ohlelweni lwezifundo ngemfanelo. Ezindaweni eziningi ukuba nemaki elilodwa (uma nje kungeligculisayo) ithathwa njengesiboniso sokuqhubeka okuhle. Imaki lama- 70 uma liqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlola yebanga lesi-5 kanye nemaki lama-70 liqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlola yebanga lesi-6 lifihla ngokuphelele inqubekela phambili umfundi abe nayo phakathi konyaka, echazwa kangcono esitatimendeni, ikhodi, noma um (imi)bono ebekiwe.
Bheka izibonelo ezinikeziwe kusigaba esiphathelene namakhadi okubika, ngezansi.
Ekupheleni komunye nomunye unyaka, uhlu lohlelo lokuqhubeka kwabafundi kumele lugcwaliswe, lusayinwe ngumphathi-sikole kanye nesisebenzi somnyango wemfundo. Uhlu lohlelo yirekhodi enolwazi olufingqiwe ngenqubekelaphambili yabo bonke abafundi ebangeni elithile esikoleni.
Usuku nalapho umphathisikole, uthisha, noma omunye umfundisi, kanye nesisebenzi soMnyango wemfundo esayina khona.
Umbiko womfundi irekhodi eliqhutshwayo lolwazi olunikeza inqubekelaphambili jikelele yomfundi, ifaka ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezinto ezimqoka, izimo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuhlalisana. Isiza uthisha osebangeni noma esikoleni esilandelayo ukuqonda umfundi kangcono, bese aphinde phendule izidingo zomfundi kangcono. Umbiko womunye nomunye umfundi kumele uqashelwe ngokucophelela iphinde ihambe nabafundi uma beloku befunda isikole.
Imininingwane ngobuyena, kufakelwa nesithombe somfundi asithathe ebangeni akulo.
Izindawo ezidinga ukusekelwa ngabasizi bokusekela okungajwayelekile.
Umbiko opheleleyo oqoqayo wokuphela konyaka.
Fomu lokudlulisela umfundi kwesinye isikole.
Umbiko womfundi ungena endaweni yawo yonke imibhalo yamarekhodi eke yasetshenziswa esikoleni, njengama khadi okurekhoda, amakhadi okufundisa kanye nakhadi ayi 'Edlab'.
Imininingwane ngobuyena embikweni okungamele nanini isetshenziswe ukubandlulula ngokungafanele.
Imibiko yomfundi akufanele ididaniswe namaphothfoliyo/iqoqomibhalo. Iphothfoliyo/iqoqomibhalo iyindlela yokuhlola enikeza bobabili umfundi nothisha amathuba okubheka umsebenzi owenzelwe imisebenzi yokuhlola eminingana. Lo msebenzi ufakwa phakathi kwephepha eligoqwayo, ifayili noma ibhokisi. Umbiko womfundi, ngakwelinye icala, yirekhodi eliqukethe ulwazi ngomfundi.
Othisha kumele kube yibona abaphendula kubafundi, abazali, imfundo yonke kanye nomphakathi obanziekuhloleni abafundi babo. Loku kwenziwa ngokubika . Ukwengeza emibikweni ebhaliwe, ukwethula okwenziwa ngomlomo nomangokwenza okuthile, imibukiso yabafundi kanye nemibukiso kungasetshenziswa.
Ukulungisa umsebenzi okwakhayo, okufanele kuqukethe imibono ngezinga lokwenza lomfundi Uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga yakhe kanye nkwenza kwakhe okwedlule kuqhathaniswa nezidingo zemikhakha zezifundo.
Ukubika kubazali kumele kwenziwe njalo nje ukugqugquzela ukubamba iqhaza nokusiza kwabo. Othisha kumele banikeze umbiko ekupheleni kwenye nenye ingxenye besebenzisa amakhadi okubika asemthethweni.
Kwesinye isikhathi akukwazeki ukunikeza ulwazi ngokuzuzwe emphumeleni wesifundo ngasinye . Nokho -ke, umbiko kumele unike ulwazi ngokuzuzwe komunye nomunye umkhakha wezifundo noma izinhlelo.
Uma umfundi afinyelele oku-2 noma kokungaphezulu koku - 1 kungxenye yemiPhumela yeziFundo enKundleni yokuFunda, umfundi udlule izidingo zenKundla yesifundo noma uHlelo lweziHlelo lesiFundo ezingeni lalelo banga.
Uma umfundi efinyelele koku-3 noma kokungaphezulu koku- (1, 2) engxenyeni yemiphumela yezifundo emkhakheni yokufunda, yena ufinyelele kuzidingo zemikhakha yesifundo noma uhlelo lesifundo ezingeni lalelo banga.
Usuku nendawo lapho kusayina umzali noma umlondolozi wengane.
Izindawo okumele aqinise kuzo nezidingo okufanele azifeze.
Nikeza incazelo yamandla okufunda, izidingo ezithuthukisayo, noma izindawo ezidinga ukusekwa ezidingwa ngabafundi emikhakheni yesifundo ngasinye noma uhlelo lokufunda. Sebenzisa amakhodi aphelele kazwelonke ukuhlolisisa ukwenza komfundi kumiphumela yesifundo eyenziwe ukufika endaweni ethile -akudingeki ukuthi unikeze amakhodi omphumela wokufunda ngamunye. Embikweni wokuphela konyaka, mukwenza komfundi okuphele kuyo yonke imiphumela kumele kuboniswe.
Ukubeka imibono ngomkhakaha yesifundo noma uhlelo lokufunda ngalunye.
Ukunikeza imibono ngomunye nomunye wemikhakha zesifundo noma uHlelo lwezifundo, kugcizelelwa kakhulu kubafundi abedlule ngokweqile kokumele kuzuzwe noma abadinga ukusekelwa kukho futhi . Ukubeka imibono ngamandla okufunda athile kanye nezindawo ezidinga ukusekelwa kumele zixhumane nezindlela zokuhlola. Le mibono izovumela abazali, abafundi, kanye nabanye abafundisi ukuthola ukuqonda ukuthi umfundi udinga ukusekelwa okunjani.
Ukuhlola-Uhlelo oluqhubekayo oluhlelekile lokuqokelela ulwazi ngomsebenzi womfundi, kulinganiswa nezindlela zukuhlola.
Amasu zokuhlola-Ukwazi, amakhono, kanye nokuyigugu abafundi okufanele bakuveze ukuze bathole imiphumela yokufunda eb angeni ngalinye.
Ukuhlola okuyisisekelo-Ukuhlola kokuqala okusetshenziswa ukuthola lokho abafundi asebakwazi.
Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo-Isibonelo sokuhlola okugqugquzela ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlola ekufundiseni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabafundi ngokusebenzisa ukubika ngokulungiswa komsebenzi.
Imiphumela enqala-Ihlangene nemiphumela ethuthukisayo, imiphumela ebalulekile yesitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R - 9 (ezikoleni) egqugquzelwa ngumthethosisekelo -ibandakanya amakhono empilo yabafundi, njengokuxhumana, ukucabanga ngokuhlaziya, ukwenza kanye nok-wazi ukuphatha, umsebenzi weqembu kanye nowomphakathi, kanye nokuvivinywa kwamakhono.
Uhlelo lwezifundo lwezi-2005- Lokhu kubhekiswe ohlelweni lokulandisa lokuqala lwesitatimende sohlelo lokufunda lukazwelonke emva kobandlululo. Le ncwadi yenqubo yemfundo ye-1997 inikeza umhlahlandlela yokuthuthukiswa komntwana kokuqala, imfundo nokuqeqesha jikelele, imfundo eqhubekayo nokuqeqesha, kanye nemfundo eyisisekelo yabadala nokuqeqesha. Isitatimende sohlelo lwemfundo kazwelonke esibukeziwe samabanga R - 9 (izikole) sihlose ukuqinisa uhlelo lwemfundo luka-2005.
Imiphumela ethuthukisayo/ ekhulisayo- Zihlangene nemiphumela ehlaziyayo, nemiphumela ebalulekile yesitatimende sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke, samabanga R- 9 (ezikoleni) ezigqugquzelwa ngumthethosisekelo - zibandakanya ukwenza abafundi bakwazi ukufunda ngokuyimpumelelo, babe ngabenza okufanele, abazwelayo nezakhamuzi eziyizibonelo.
Isigaba sokuphuma-Uma abafundi beqeda ibanga-9 futhi banikezwa isitifiketi sokufunda nokuqeqesha okujwayelekile.
Izinga eliyisisekelo-Isigaba sokuqala semfundo jikelele kanye nenhlanganisela yokuqeqesha - ibanga R, 1, 2 kanye no-3.
Imfundo jikelele kanye nokuqeqesha okuyinhlanganisela-Iminyaka elishumi yokufunda ephoqelekile, eyenziwe isigaba esiyisisekelo, esiphakathi kanye nesiphakeme.
Imfundo jikelele kanye nesitifiketi sokuqeqesha-Isitifiketi esitholakale ekuqedeni ngempumelelo imfundo jikelele kanye nenhlanganisela yemfundo.
Ukuhlanganisa-Umgomo obalulekile wesitatimende sohlelo lwezifundo lukazwelonke, edinga umfundi asebenzise ukwazi kwakhe kanye namakhono avela kwezinye izingxenye zokufunda, noma ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zenkundla eyodwa efanayo, ukwenza imisebenzi kanye nezinto ezithile.
Izinga eliphakathi -Isigaba sesibili semfundo jikelele kanye nenhlanganisela yokuqeqesha - ibanga 4, 5, kanye no-6.
Ulimi lokufunda kanye nokufundisa-Ulimi olusetshenziswa kaningi endaweni yokufunda kanye nokufundisa ethile. Abanye abafundi bahlangabezana nokukwazi ukufunda kanye nokufundisa olimini olwengeziwe (hhayi ulimi lwabo).
Imikhakha yezifundo-Izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili zolwazi kusitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R -9 : Izilimi, izibalo, injulalwazi ephathelene nezemvelo, ubuchwepheshe, injulalwazi ephathelene nokuhlalisana kwabantu, ubuciko kanye namasiko, ezempilo, kanye nenjulalwazi yezokuphatha nezomnotho.
Isitatimende somkhakha wesifundo-Isitatimende somkhakha wesifundo ngayinye ebeka imiphumela yezifundo kanye nezindlela zokuhlola.
Imiphumela yezifundo-Imiphumela yezifundo ivela kumiphumela ezihlaziyayo kanye nezithuthukisayo, zibuye zisho ukuthi yini abafundi okufanele bayazi futhi bakwazi ukukwenza ekupheleni kwesibanga, isigaba, noma inhlanganisela.
Umbiko / I-Profayili yomfundi-Irekhodi layo yonke inqubekelaphambili yomfundi, kubandakanya ulwazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalo, ukusekelwa kwezidingo, izifanekiso zomsebenzi kanye nemibiko yonyaka.
Izinhlelo zezifundo-Izinhlelo zezinto zokufunda, kubandakanya okuqukethwe kanye nezindlela zokufunda -lokhu kuholwa isitatimende sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R -9, (ezikoleni) kodwa luthuthukiswa izifundazwe, izikole kanye nothisha.
Indlela yokubeka amakhodi kazwelonke. -Umthetho wohlelo lokusebenza lukazwelonke ukubika ngenqubekelaphambili yomfundi.
Imiphumela -Imiphumela ekupheleni kohlelo lokufunda emfundweni esekelwe kumiphumela yesifundo -lemiphumela isiza ukwakha uhlelo lokufunda.
Uhlelo lwezifundo olusekelwe emiphumeleni-Uhlelo kanye nalokho okubhekise kumphumela, umsebenzi oyisisekelo kanye nohlelo lokufunda olubhekiswe kumfundi. Ngokulandela le ndlela, uhlelo lwezifundo lwezi-2005 kanye nesitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke kuhlose ekugqugquzeleni ukufunda okwenzeka impilo yakho yonke.
Inqubekelaphambili-Ukwakhiwa kwesimiso esibalulekile sesitatimende esibukeziwe sohlelo lwezifundo sikazwelonke samabanga R -9, okwenza abafundi bathuthuke kancane ngokuphetheneyo, ngokwazi okujulile nokuphetheneyo, amakhono nokuqonda esigabeni ngasinye.
Uhlelo lokuqhubekela phambili-Isikhali sokuphela konyaka sokuqopha inqubekela phambili yabo bonke abafundi bebanga, kubandakanya izinhlelo zokuqhubekela phambili zengxenye ngayinye yezifundo kanye nebanga, kanye nokubika ngosizo oludingekayo.
Ukuhlola okubandakanyayo-Lokhu kuhlukile ekuhlolweni okuhlelelekile, ngoba kuphathelene nokubika ngenqubekela phambili yomfundi, kanungi ekupheleni kwesigamu noma sonyaka.
Ukulalela ngendlela ephapheme - Lokhu kusho uma izethameli zilalelisisa okushiwo yisikhulumi kulokho nalokho akushoyo.
Ulimi olwengeziwe -ulimi olufundwayo lwengezwa kolwakhe lwebele.
Ubuliminingi obengezayo- uma umuntu efunda ulimi (noma izilimi) ukwengeza olimini lwebele . Loku akuthathi isikhundla solimi lwebele kodwa lufundwa luhambisana nalo.
Ifanamsindo - ukulandelana noma ukuphindaphindeka komsindo othile kaningi ngokulandelana emshweni osembhalweni othile.
Izethameli - kusho abantu baethamele okuthile noma abalale othile ongungaba owethula inkulumo, noma abenza okuthile.
Ukuchema - umhkuba wokuthanda noma wokweseka okuthile ube ubandlulula okunye.
Ukuxuba izilimi- ukusuka kolunye ulimi ukuya kolunye ngenjongo ethileisib . ukwenza abanye baqonde, ukubonisa ukuthi okhulumayo uyafinyelela kuzithameli zakhe. Uhlamvu, ilunga - lokhu kusho ingxenye yenkulumo ephimiseka ngomoya owodwa kanyekanye, uhlamvulwenkulumo olwakhiwe ngungwaqa kanye nonkamisa, kanti ekuqaleni kwamagama luyatholakala uhlamvuolungunkamisa kuphela kanti nolungungwaqa kuphela lukhona.
Imvumelwano - lokhu kusho izinhlamvu ezifanayo ekugcineni noma ekuqaleni kwemigqa elandelanayoenkondlweni.
Isigqi/ umgqumo - usho ukuphindaphindeka kokuthile okungaba amagama noma imisho ngendlela ezolethaumgqigqo othile.
Uphawu - lokhu kusho into emele enye embhalweni, isib, isilo simele ulaka, uchakijana umele ubuqili, ijubalimele uthando noxolo.
Ukulandelana -into ethile eyenza umqondo ohlangeneyo.
Okuphathelene nento ethile [nenkulumo] - umbhalo ngaso sonke isikhathi wethulwa usengqikithnii ethileIngqikithi ibandakanya izimo ezibanzi nezangaleso sikhathi. Imibhalo kumele zilungele zombili izinhlobozengqikithi.
Ukufunda nokubhala okukhulayo-kubhekise olwazini lwengane lokubhaliwe. Izingane zibona okubhaliwe besezikwazi ukuqonda inhloso yako. Bangaba nezindaba abazixoxelwayo noma abazifundelwayo, bafunda ukwaziukuthi indaba iyini nokuthi izincwadi ziyini . Nangaphambi kokuthi beze esikoleni kukhona okuningiabakwaziyo. Bangazama ukubhala amagama abo besebenzisa umqondo abanawo ngezinhlamvu kanye nopelo(isib.ukupela okuvelele), bangaphinde bazenze sengathi bayafunda (okusho ukuthi ukuziphathanjengofundayo). Lokhu ukuqala kokubhala nokufunda kwezingane.
Ulimi olugxile emithethweni/ olungaguqukiyo-Ulimi olufundwa ngezingxenye (isib.ukubingelela) Kaningi ibhekene negqikithi ethile (isib.ukufaka -i-oda yokudla endaweni yokudlela) Uma siqala ukufunda ulimi, okuningi esikufundayo kwalolu hlobo. Kancane kancane siqaleukwenza umqondo kuzihlelo namaphethini nemithetho yolimi, bese sikwazi ukubeka imibono yethu ngendlela elula.
Uhlaka-Isakhiwo okungesesikhashana sokubhala noma ukukhuluma isib.
Ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala (ilitheresi)-Kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zokufunda ukufunda nokubhala (zelitheresi): ukuqonda amasiko (ilitheresi yamasiko) - ukuhlalisana kwabantu nenkolelo yokubalulekile okusemqoka okwakha ukufunda kwethu imibhalo; ukufunda nokubhala okuhlaziyayo (ilitheresi ehlaziyayo) -ikhono lokukwazi ukuphendula ngokuhlaziya imilayezo emibhalweni; ukufunda nokubhala ngokubheka (ilitheresi yokubheka) - ukufunda nokubhalwa kwezithombe, izimpawu nemifanekiso; ukufunda nokubhala ngokusebenzisa izinsizakuxhumana (ilitheresi yezinsizakuxhumana) - ukufundwa kwamaphepha, amaphephabhuku nemilayezo yamasiko ethulwa umabonakude namafilimu.
Ukubheka Ukuhambisa amehlo embhalweni ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthile.
Ukufunda ngokushesha-ukufunda ngokushesha ukuthola incazelojikelele.
Ukuba nombono ogxile kokukodwa-Umbono ogxile (kwesinye isikhathi ohlukanisayo) ngokuthi umuntu othile (isib.
