NgoMashi (Maize)	 								ZULU
Siyeza isikhathi esimatasatasa esibhekene nemfuyo yakho 
Imiyalo:
Folio strap: Ukwengeza ukubaluleka
Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi woHlelo lwakwa-Grain SA lokuThuthukiswa kwabaLimi
Inyanga kaMashi iyisikhathi esingekho matasatasa maqondana nokulinywa kommbila kodwa iyisikhathi sobukhwishikhwishi kumkhiqizi onempumelelo. Maqondana nomlimi wommbila isikhathi sasehlobo sokukhwishizela sisuke sesedlule futhi sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha ikhefu ngasohlangothini lommbila. 
Yize kunjalo, iningi labalimi bommbila banawo nomkhakha wemfuyo obamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni ngokuphelele kwazo zonke izinto ezitholakala kwezemvelo futhi unciphise nokubekeka engcupheni okuhambisana nokulinywa kwezitshalo. 
Maningana amaphuzu abalulekile ahambisana nokuba ngumlimi wezinkomo zenyama, okuluhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokufuywa kwezilwane olusetshenziswa ngabalimi bokudla okuyizinhlamvu.Wonke lawa maphuzu asondelene kakhulu nesimo nokuphila okuhle kwenkomo.
Ubudala ngesikhathi sokuzala inkonyane okokuqala 
Ukukhulisa amankonyane ukuze andise izinkomo esikhathini esizayo kunezindleko eziphezulu, ngoba kuze kube yilapho inkomo iba namankonyane okokuqala isuke ingekangenisi mali. Abakhiqizi abavumelani bonke maqondana nesikhathi sobudala esifanele sokuzala amankonyane okokuqala, kodwa kungemukeleka ukusho ukuthi makuhlawumbeliswe eminyakeni yobudala ephakathi kwemibili nemithathu. Uma inkonyane lingondliwanga ngokwenele, liyoba lincane kakhulu (liyoba lula) ukuthi likwazi ukumitha futhi lokhu kuzobambezela usuku lokuzala inkonyane okokuqala. Empilweni yenkomazi, inhloso ukuthi izale inkonyane njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-365 (ngonyaka ngamunye ngenyanga efanayo). Lapho iminyaka yobudala yenkomazi isihambile lapho izala inkonyane yalo yokuqala, lokho kusho ukuthi iyozala amankonyane ambalwa empilweni yayo yonke. 
Izikhathi zokuzala amankonyane
Inkomazi ingabonakala njengemboni yokuzala amankonyane. Isikhathi sokumitha kwenkomazi yizinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi iye isuswe enkunzini isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezimbili ezilandelayo ukuze umzimba wayo uphumule ngesikhathi yenzela inkonyane ubisi (inkonyane liphila ngobisi lodwa emasontweni ambalwa okuqala empilo yalo). Ngokwezifiso ezikhona, kungakuhle inkomazi iphinde imithe kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuzala inkonyane ukuze ikwazi ukuthola inkonyane ngenyanga efanayo yonyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kuyisimo esifiswayo, esinikeza ithuba lokukhiqiza eliphelele ngenkomazi ngayinye ngonyaka, ngaphandle kokukhinyabeza impilo yenkomazi leyo. Uma inkomazi ingondliwa kahle, ayinakukwazi ukumitha nokuthwala inkonyane ngonyaka ngamunye.
Iphesenti lokuzalwa kwamankonyane
Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokuzalwa kwamankonyane, kanjalo kuyokhuphuka nenani lamankonyane anokuthengiswa ekupheleni kwesikhathi leso sonyaka. Ngokobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuthi inkomazi izale inkonyane njalo ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke miningi imibandela eba nomthelela kumaphesenti lawo okuzalwa kwamankonyane, kodwa isimo inkomazi ekuso singeminye yemibandela ebalulekile (eminye imibandela inokubandakanya impilo yomhlambi, inani lezinkunzi uma liqhathaniswa nelezinkomazi, ukuba nekhono lokuzalanisana kwezinkunzi njll.) Izinkomazi ezingazali njalo ngonyaka akufanele zigcinwe emhlambini – zingabagibeli nje futhi azilukhokheli uhambo lwazo noma zifake isandla emalini engenayo epulazini. 
Iphesenti lokulunyulwa 
Inkonyane eliphile kahle, elisanda kuzalwa liyisiqalo esihle, kodwa ukuze kubekhona inzuzo engenayo inkonyane lelo kufanele likhuliswe lifike ezingeni lobudala lapho lizolunyulwa khona okuzothi ngemuva kwalo lithengiswe. Inkonyane kufanele lizalwe lilikhulu futhi linamandla enele okuzimela lincele kunina ngokukhulu ukushesha futhi liqale ukukhula. Isimo sokondleka kukanina sibaluleke kakhulu. Uma inkomazi isesimweni esihle futhi yondliwe kahle, izoba sesimweni esihle sokuthwala ikhulise inkonyane eliphile kahle. Amankonyane afa phambi kokulunyulwa asho ukulahlekelwa kumlimi. Kufanele kwenziwe yonke imizamo yokulumula i-100% lamankonyane azelwe. 
Isisindo somzimba ngesikhathi sokulumula 
Iningi lamankonyane alunyuliwe lithengiswa ngokwamakhilogramu, ngakho-ke uma isisindo somzimba siphezulu nenani lentengo elizotholakala lizoba phezulu. Ubukhulu bamankonyane imvamisa buhambelana nesimo sokondleka kwenkomazi nenkonyane lelo ngalowo nyaka kanye nohlobo lwenkomazi leyo. Lapho inkonyane elilunyuliwe ngenkomo ngayinye lithe ukuba likhulu,kanjalo nenani lemali elingenayo ngebhizinisi lelo liyathuthuka.
Njengoko kushiwo, abalimi abaningi abatshala ukudla okuyizinhlamvu, babanalo nohlangothi lwemfuyo eningi emisebenzini abayenzayo – izinkomo (noma enye imfuyo) zisebenzisa amathafa endalo, amadlelo (atshalwe emihlabeni enekhono eliphansi ngokwezolimo), kanye nezindawo ezinezinsalela zommbila. Ukuba ngumkhiqizi wemfuyo onempumelelo kuhambelana kakhulu nekhono lokuhlinzeka ngokudla owanele, okuluhlobo oluphezulu onyakeni wonke. Ngezinyanga zasehlobo abakhiqizi abaningi bayakwazi ukwethembela emathafeni nasemadlelweni ukuze bondle imfuyo yabo, kodwa abakhiqizi abalungile bayayilungiselela imfuyo yabo babhekele izinyanga zasebusika ezimakhaza nezomile. 
Lapho sekusondela ukuphela kwehlobo, abalimi abaningi batshala ukudla okuluhlaza (okuvame ukuba yizinhlamvu zefolishi (i-oats) phakathi kwemigqa etshalwe ummbila. Ngemuva kokuvuna ummbila, izinkomo nezimvu ziyavunyelwa ukudla emasimini lapho zidla khona izinsalela zommbila, izikhwebu zommbila eziwile, kanye nokudla okuluhlaza. Abanye abalimi batshala i-seradella phakathi kommbila. Yona iyisitshalo esingumdumba esimnandi nesinezondlamzimba ezisezingeni eliphakeme, esingahlinzeki nje kuphela ngokudla okuhle, kepha esakha i-nitrogen emhlabathini enokusetshenziselwa isitshalo sesikhathi esilandelayo. Inyanga kaMashi ingemuva kwesikhathi sokutshala izinhlamvu zefolishi (i-oats) ne-seradella, kodwa sisekhona isikhathi sokutshala uhlobo lukakolo olubizwa nge-rye. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi lolu hlobo lukakolo oluyi-rye ungalitshali lonke ngasikhathi sinye ngoba lukhula masishane kakhulu futhi ebangeni elithile, uyoba nokudla kwezilwane okuningi ngokweqile, okuzolandelwa yisikhathi sendlala lapho kuzobe kungekho kudla okwenele kwezilwane. Lolu hlobo lukakolo oluyi- rye alumnandi lapho lunembewu njengoba uboya bayo buhlaba emlonyeni, emakhaleni nasemehlweni emfuyo. 
Lapho unamadlelo atshalwe i-eragrostis, inyanga kaMashi iyisikhathi esihle sokuwasika okokugcina. Isimo sotshani asizukuba sihle ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphandle kokuthi ubusivundise kahle, kodwa okungenani uzoba nokudla okumahhadlahhadla ozokusebenzisa ezinyangeni zasebusika. Khumbula ukuthi uyakwazi ukulokhu wengeza isikhothwa esilungileyo ukuze izinkomo zikwazi ukukusebenzisa kangconywana ukudla okumahhadlahhadla okungekho esimweni esihle kangako. Kodwa-ke uma ungenako ukudla okumahhadlahhadla, awuzukukwazi ukuzinakekela kahle izilwane zakho zibe sesimweni esihle ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ngokusika utshani ububeke ngokwemifuqulu, uzokwazi ukuvundisa umhlabathi entwasahlobo futhi uthole izitshalo ezinhle zotshani esikhathini esilandelayo. Uma kunokwenzeka, vikela imifuqulu yotshani esimweni sezulu ngokuyilondoloza ngaphansi kophahla, noma okungenani, uyinqwabele ngendlela ezonciphisa ukuthintana kwayo nemvula. 
Ezinyangeni zasebusika, ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi wondla izilwane zakho kuphela. Awufuni noma yiziphi izidalwa ezidla kwezinye izilwane ezizodla emhlambini wakho. Lesi yisikhathi esihle sokwelapha imfuyo yakho ususe izibungwana zangaphakathi nezilwane eziyidla ngaphandle (amakhizane). Lapho ufuna izeluleko ngalokhu, uyacelwa ukuthi uthintane nebhizinisi lezolimo langakini, umfelandawonye wabalimi wangakini noma nodokotela wezilwane wangakini (bazoba namadiphu nemithamo esetshenziswayo ekhona). Uma kwenzeka usebenzise amadlelo ahlanganyelwayo, kuzosiza bonke abawasebenzisayo uma abanini bemfuyo belapha imfuyo yabo ngasikhathi sinye; lokhu kuvimbela izidalwa ezidla kwezinye ekuthini zisuke ezilwaneni ezingelashiwe ziye kwezelashiwe. 
Ngemuva kwesikhathi sonyaka esinemvula, kuvame ukuba nezinambuzane eziningana, iningi lazo elithwala izifo ezihlasela imfuyo. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi uthole izeluleko maqondana nenqubo yokugoma izinkomo nezimvu. Kuhle ukusebenzisa imali yakho ekugomeni nasekuvimbeleni izifo kunokulahlekelwa yisilwane leso kungadingekile. Lapho uziphatha kahle izilwane zakho futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi zihlale zondleke kahle, zizokunakekela nawe, futhi zingenise imali ezosimamisa umsebenzi wakho wokulima izitshalo eziyizinhlamvu. 
