Le libhuku liqukethe imininingwane evamile mayelana nohlolo lwezokwelashwa. Imininingwane ethize maqondana nohlolo lwezokwelashwa oqonde ukubamba iqhaza kulo noma okhankaselelwa ukuthi abambe iqhaza kulo kumele uyinikezwe yilabo abasingethe uphenyo lohlolo.
Uhlolo lokwelapha ucwaningo lokufunda noma uphenyo okuqondwe ukuthi kuhlolwe ngalo ukuphepha, impumelelo nokusebenza kwemithi emisha /noma evele ikhona, emisha noma emidala, izinto zokwelapha kanye / noma izindlela zokwelapha noma imithi okungakhethwa kuyo, kusetshenziswa abantu ababambe iqhaza.
Ukuphepha kusho ukuthi okokwelapha noma umuthi ungaba yini yingozi noma ungayilimaza yini impilo yomuntu.
Ukuphumelela kusho ukuthi kunomphumela yini ukuxilonga, ukwelapha, ukugwema noma ukwelapha isifo. Lokhu kungase kudinge nanoukuqhathanisa umphumela phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi/ zokwelapa.
Ikhwalithi isho ukwethembeka kukonke nohlobo lomuthi, noma okokwelapha okuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngendlela ehleliwe kunoma yisiphi isikhathi kwizimo lezo ezilindelekile ngesikhathi kwelashwa umuntu ogulayo, ngaphandle kobungozi kulowo osebenzisa umuthi.
Igama elithi "umuthi" libala imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo (imithi yokwelulamisa), ukugwema izifo (prophylacticicines, njengemijovo) nemithi esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sophenyo oluthize (imithi yokuxilonga, njengemithi esetshenziswa lapho kuhlolwa ngama X-reyi ukuthola izinso).
Ngaphambi kokuthi umuthi noma into yokwelapha ihlolwe kubantu, iqale ifundisiswe, esikhathini eside, elabhorethri nasezilwaneni ezahlukahlukene ukuze kuqale kutholakale ukuphepha nokuphumelela kwawo. Ukuhlola izidakamizwa (ezintsha) ezicwaningwayo, imijovo nezinto zokwelapha kubantu kuvamise ukudlula emabangeni amaningi njengoba kubekiwe lapha ngezansi.
Ibanga 1: Leli yibanga lokuqala ngqa lapho kuhlolwa khona isidakamizwa, umjovo noma into yokwelapha ngokuqala kwidlanzana labantu abaphile saka. Ibanga 1 lohlolo lokwelapha lujonge ukuthola ukuphepha kukonke, ukusebenzisa umuthi okuphephile kanye nemiphumela engathandeki yesidakamizwa esisha, umjovo noma okokwelapha.
Ibanga II: Ebangeni II kuhlolwa isidakamizwa esisha, umjovo omusha noma okokwelapha kuhlolwe kwidlanzi elikhudlwana labantu isikhathi esiningi amakhulu ngamakhulu abantu abaphile kahle kanjalo nalabo abanesifo okuqondwe ukuthi selashwe ngesidakamizwa umjovo noma into yokwelapha entsha. Inhloso yokuhlola kwebanga II ukuthi kuphinde kuhlolwe ukuphepha nokwelapha kwesidakamizwa, umjovo noma into yokwelapha ukuthi iyasebenza ngempela na.
Ibanga III: Kule libanga kuhlolwa isidakamizwa esisha, umjovo omusha noma okokwelapha kuhlolwe kwidlanzi labantu abangamakhulukhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbadlwana zabantu abanesifo okuqondwe ukuthi selashwe ngesidakamizwa umjovo noma into yokwelapha entsha. Inhloso yokuhlola kwebanga III ukuthi kuphinde kuhlolwe ukwelapha ngempumelelo nemiphumela engafuneki yesidakamizwa, umjovo noma enye indlela yokwelapha entsha kubuye futhi kuqhathaniswe nesidakamizwa, umjovo noma enye indlela yokwelapha endala (enelayisense).
Ibanga IV: Kule libanga ukuhlola kwenziwa emva kokuthi isidakamizwa esisha, umjovo noma into yokwelapha entsha u-MCC eseyirejistile, ngamanye amazwi, emveni kokuthi isidakamizwa, umjovo, noma okokwelapha sekurejistiwe kwathola nelayisense yokuthi kungathengiswa.
kutholakale ukuphepha, impumelelo ykusebenza kwako, nemiphumela engathandeki egcina ibe khona ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, kuhlolwe isidakamizwa esisha umjovo noma okokwelapha kulabo bantu emphakathini abanobungcuphe abafana nabantwana, abadala, abantu abanezinkinga zesibindi kanjalo nezifo zezinso, kanye nokuthola izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa (izinkomba) isidakamizwa esisha, umjovo noma okokwelapha.
Lelo nalelo banga linenhloso yalo ngqo kanye nokungase kuzuzeke, ubungozi nokulimaza okungaba khona kulo.
Kuwo wonke amabanga ohlolo, ababambe iqhaza kucwaningo bahlalae beqashisisiwe ukuthi akukho yini okubi okwenzekayo kubona noma babe nemphumela engalindelekile. Okubi okungenzeka yinoma hlobo luni lwezinkomba ezimbi nezingalindelekile, izimpawu noma izifo ezimayelana nomuthi / ukwelashwa okufundwa ngako.
Isidakamizwa esizanywayo isidakamizwa esisha noma esisanda kutholakala (umuthi) esisafufusa.
Isidakamizwa esisemakethe umuthi osuvele usurejistiwe kusiphathimandla sekomidi elawulayo endaweni (MCC) ukuthi ungasetshenziswa njengomuthi wezifo ezithize. Lo muthi usudlulile esigabeni sokufufusa futhi ikhwalithi, ukuphepha nokusebenza kwawo sekuyaziwa. Izidakamizwa ezisemakethe zibuye zibizwe ngezidakamizwa ezinamalayisense noma izidakamizwa ezirejistiwe.
Umkhiqizo wocwaningwayo umuthi (imithi) /umjovo (imijovo) /noma into yokwelapha (izinto zokwelapha) ezihlolwa ubukhwalithi, ukuphepha kanye noma/ukusebenza ngempumelelo lapho kwenziwa uhlolo oluthize lokwelapha. Kungenzeka kube nomkhiqizo ongaphezulu kowodwa kuhlolo oluthize. Imikhiqizo ecwaningwayo kungenzeka kube yimithi, imijovo noma izinto zokwelapha okurejistiwe noma okungarejistiwe noma imikhiqizo ehlolwayo.
Umxhasi umuntu othize, inkampani, isikhungo noma inhlangano ebhekene nokuqaliswa, ukulawulwa, nokukhokhwa kwezimali zohlolo lokwelapha. Abaxhasi kuvame ukuthi kube abakhiqizi bemithi yabathaki, uhulumeni, izikhungo zocwaningo, iNhlangano yoCwaningo loMhlaba (World Health Organisation), ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe, njalo njalo.
Umphenyi umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokufanele onomsebenzi wokuhlela, aqhube, ahlaziye futhi/ noma enze umbiko ngohlolo oluthize. Abaphenyi bavame ukusebenzisana babe yidlanzana. Umholi wabaphenyi ubizwa ngeNhloko yabaPhenyi Principal Investigator PI. U-PI uyna obalayo ngezenzo ebalela umxhasi kanye nesiphathimandla esilawulayo. Abaphenyi kungaba odokotela abelaphayo, usosayensi wezokwelapha, umthaki wemithi, onongoti babagula ngengqondo, noma ilungu labelekekeli kwezokwelashwa paramedicals, njalo njalo.
Noma ubani othatha isinqumo sokubamba iqhaza noma osevele esebambe iqhaza kucwaningo (olusetshenziswa kuye) kuhlolo lokwelapha unelungelo lokunikeza imvume enolwazi. Umthetho waseNingizimu Afrika onguNombolo 108 ka 1996: Isigaba 12 sithi "wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuhlonishwa komzimba nomqondo okubala nelungelo - (c) lokuthi angasetshenziselwa ucwaningo lokwelapha noma lwesayensi ngaphandle kokuthi aqale anikeze imvume enolwazi".
Iyini imvume enolwazi?
Imvume enolwazi yinqubo esuke ikhona maqondana (nosuke) ezobamba iqhaza esuke efunda ngamaqiniso abalulekile maqondana nohlolo oluthize lokwelapha oluzokwenziwa ukuze akwazi ukuthatha isinqubo sokuthi aqhubeke yini noma cha nokubamba iqhaza kohlolo lolo lokwelapha.
Imvume enolwazi ayisikhona nje ukusayinda ifomu yemvume futhi ayisona isivumelwano, kepha iyisendlalelo semvume kumuntu lowo onokubambe iqhaza kucwaningo.
ulwazi lwako olunemvume luyisidingongqangi esidingekayo kucwaningo oluhlambisana nomthetho wokuziphatha kanye nocwaningo lweayensi.
ulwazi kumele ulunikezwe ngendlela elula necacile ngokuthi kusetshenziswe ulimi lwakho.
isinqumo sakho sokubamba iqhaza kumele singaphoqwa, singahambisani nokunyanzeliswa noma ukwethenjswa okuthize.
uma kwenzeka uhoxa kuhlolo lokwelapha, izinga lonakekelo olutholayo aliyukuthinteka.
ukutomula okunikezwayo ngokubamba iqhaza.
ubufakazi bemvume yekomidi lokuziphatha.
Kulokhu okungenhla kuyabonakala ukuthi bonke anbantu, abakwaziyo ukunikeza imvume enolwazi noma okunokutholakala kubo imvume yabanye enolwazi beyinikezela abanye, bangakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kuhlolo lokwelashwa. Ababambe iqhaza basukela kubantwana abangakazalwa kuye kushaye kubantu abadala, abesilisa noma abesifazane, abaphile saka nabagulayo, abaphilayo nasebeshonile (ummbungu, abantwana, nabadala).
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ungalibamba ngokungathe ngqo iqhaza kuhlolo lokwelashwa ngokuthi uvumele ukuthi kusetshenziswe imimniningwane yemithi yakho ekumarekhodi akho adlule noma angaleso sikhathi asezandleni zalowo okunakekelayo kwezempilo.
Imihlahlandlela ekuyiyona elawulayo ukuthi umuntu angakwazi yini ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni ibizwa ngohlelo lokubandakanya, kanti leyo enqabela ukubamba iqhaza kubantu abathize kucwaningo oluthize ibizwa uhlelo lokuhlunga.
Uhlelo lokubandakanya nolokukhiphela ngaphandle lubaluleke kakhulu, ludalelwe ukuvikela ababambe iqhaza kuhlolo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinjongo zohlolo ziyaphumelela ngaphandle kobunzima obungadingekile.
Imihlahlandlela YoCwaningo Lwezokwelashwa eNingizimu Afrika idinga ukuthi inqubo ebekiwe namanye amaphepha adingekayo maqondana nocwaningo oluhlongozwayo aqale adluliswe ekuhlolweni okuzimele maqondana nokuziphatha lokho kwenziwe yikomidi lokuziphatha elihlonishwayo elihambisanayo namazinga abekwe umKhandlu kaZwelonke wokuziPhatha kucwaningo lwezeMpilo. Ukubuyekeza ukuziphatha kuqondwe ngako ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka kwalabo abanokubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni. Ucwaningo olungenziwa eNingizimu Afrika yilolo kuphela oluvunyelwe yikomidi ehlonishwayo yokuziphatha.
Uhlolo lokwelapha lwenziwa ngenhloso eyodwa vo, ukuhlolo ukusebenza kwemithi, izinto zokwelapha nokokwelapha okuzogcina sekusetshenziselwa impilo yabantu.
Kungenzeka kube nokubi kakhulu okungenzeka maqondana nemithi noma izinqubo ezenziwa ngesikhathi sohlolo, kepha-ke ababambe iqhaza bona bahlale baqashisisiwe ukuze okubi okunokwenzeka kubonakale zisuka nje bese kulungiswa ngendlela efanele. Kukhona nomshuwalense omaqondana nokubi okungenzeka, ukuze ababambe iqhaza bakwazi nokunxeshezelwa ngendlela eyiyo lapho kufanele. Imithi, imijovo, izinto zokwelapha noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswe kuhlolo kungenzeka zingasebenzi esifweni sakho, kepha, zikhona izndlela eziphephile ezenzelwe ukuthi kuthi labo ababambe iqhaza kepha bangahlomuli kuhlolo lokwelapha bakwazi ukuthi bashintshelwe kokunye ukwelashwa okusebenzayo lokhu kungenziwa emva nje kohlolo noma ekupheleni kwalo uhlolo. Imihlahlandlela yohlolo ingase idinge ukuthi wena kube nezinto ezithize ozenzayo empilweni yakho, isib.
Ngakho-ke kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ubonisane nomndeni wakho kanjalo nalabo abangathinteka ngokubamba kwakho iqhaza kuhlolo lokhu ukwenze ngaphambi kokuthi ulibambe iqhaza.
