Nginentokozo enkulu ukuthi ngethule phambi kwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika Isu likaZwelonke lokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono. Lokhu kungumphumela wocwaningo olunzulu kanye nezingxoxo phakathi koMnyango wezokuSebenza kanye noHlaka lukaZwelonke lwamaKhono. Ngenyanga ka November 2000 kwakudingidwa kabanzi isu elisavivinywa. UMkhandlu kaZwelonke wamaKhono ke usubuyekeze iziphawulo nemibono eminingi ngesikhathi saloludingido. Ngo January 2001 loMkhandlu wethula kimina iziphakamiso malungana namalungiselelo okuqala ezwe lakithi okukhanda isu elibanzi lokuthuthukisa amakhono.
Leziziphakamiso nezincomo zangithokozisa kakhulu emoyeni wami ngezizathu eziningi.
Okokuqala, kulelicebo sesiye satomula okuyizona zinto zihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono futhi sase sizibekela izinkomba esiyokubona ngazo impumelelo nentuthuko esesiyenzile. Ngalokho ke icebo lihlahlela uMnyango wami, umnyango wezemfundo, kanye neminye imikhakha yokuqeqesha indlela.
Okwesibili, iCebo liveza ngokusobala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kuzoba nomthelela ongakanani emkhankasweni kazwelonke wokuthuthukisa abasebenzi. UHulumeni uzinikele entuthukweni yabantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Yonke iminyango kaHulumeni ibambisene ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu bakithi bathola imfundo nokuqeqeshwa okusezingeni kanye namakhono aseqophelweni. Uma singenza isibonelo ngoMnyango wezeMfundo, lomnyango uzinikele ekuthenini kube nezinguquko emfundweni jikelele, nasemfundweni ephakeme. Kanjalo noMnyango wezokuHweba neziMboni ugqugquzela ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abazisebenzayo. ISu lokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono liqhakambisa iqhaza elibanjwe nguMnyango wami ohlelweni lwentuthuko yabasebenzi - futhi ikakhulukazi nezindlela okuzohlolwa ngazo impulelelo yaleloqhaza. Libuye linikeze eminye imiNyango kaHulumeni uhlaka engasebenzela phezu kwalo lapho ithuthukisa amakhono emikhakheni yayo.
Okwesithathu, ngiye nganikezwa umdllandla ukusekelwa esiye sakuthola ngenkathi sisalibhala silihlela isu. Yize kwaba khona ukuqophisana malungana nezindlela zokuvivinya kimpumelelo yesu nokugagulwa kwezinhloso, ingqikithi yodaba yasekelwa ngokungangabazeki. Mayelana nodaba lokubeka izimpawu ezizokukhombisa impumelelo nokuhlolwa kwendima esihanjiwe ukuya ekugcwalisekeni kwesu, kwavunyelwana ngo elethu, kanti lomgomo ungolunye uphawu olukhombisa indlela uMnyango wami ozinikele ngawo ekubeni usebenzele umphakathi futhi wazise umphakathi ngakho konke osekwenziwe.
Inselelo enkulu ke eyokulenza lisebenze lelisu kanye nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi lizoqhubeka ngokuwusiza umphakathi ngendlela edingakalayo. Loku ke kumbandakanya ukugqugquzela abaqashi, izinyonyana, abasebenzi, iminyango kaHulumeni, kanye nomphakathi ukuthi babambe iqhaza kuloluhlelo.
Umnyango wami ke uzijube ngesibopho sokuqapha ukuthi isu liyasebenza futhi liqhubekela phambili. Yonke imizamo efanelekile yokuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngempumelelo nanokuthi kuhlale kunemibiko eyenziwayo malungana nenqubekela yecebo, isimi ngomumo. Ngethembele kakhulu ke kuMkhandlu kaZwelonke wamaKhono ukuba ubuyekeze imibiko ebhalwe ngumnyango wami, futhi uma kunesidingo uziqalele olwawo uphenyo, unginike futhi nezeluleko kunoma iluphi udaba olungase ludinge ukubuyekezwa kwemigomo nangezinguquko ekwenzeni izinto. Ukuphumelela nokungaphumeleli kufanele kubhalwe phansi ukuze sonke sifunde kukho silungise namaphutha ethu futhi. Isu kufanele kube ngeliseqophelweni impela. Sengiyokuhlala ngilindele imibiko yenqubekela phambili ke kumnyango wami, nakuwo uMkhandlu obhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Ngibuye ngimeme uMkhandlu ukuba uhlale ubuyekeza izinjongo ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi ziyaqhubeka nokubhekela izidingo ezimqoka kakhulu zezwe lethu.
Ngithanda ukubonga ngokungenamkhawulo kulezo zinkulungwane zabesimame nabesilisa asebefake isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwalelisu elihlaba umxhwele. Izinhloso engizibekile zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, kodwa akukho okungenzeke uma sizimisele. Kanjalo nogqozi esinalo ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono lungagcwaliseka. Osekuyinselelo kuthina manje ukuba iphupho lethu silenze libe yinto ekhona.
Asibhukule ke siyosebenza!.
Kuyinto eyaziwayo nxazonke ukuthi izwe laseningizimu Afrika alikabi nawo amakhono adingakalayo ukuthuthukisa ezomnotho, ezokusebenza, nezomphakathi. Ukuze nathi sifinyelele kulelo zinga, sesinoMthetho wokuThuthukiswa kwamakhono, kanye noMthetho weNtela yamaKhono, eyaphasa ngo 1998 no 1999 ngokulandelana. Lemithetho-ke inikeza uNgqongqoshe wezemiSebenzi isibopho sokuba enze amalungiselelo eSu likaZwelonke lokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono, ebambisene noMkhandlu wokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono.
UMkhandlu wokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono wasungulwa ngokoMthetho wokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono ka 1998. Amalungu ayo abamele amabhizinisi, abasebenzi, uHulumeni, nezinhlangano zomphakathi.
Emveni kocwaningo olubanzi nezingxoxo phakathi koMnyango wezabaSebenzi kanye noMkhandlu obhekele amaKhono, kwabe sekwenziwa amalungiselelo esivivinyo seSu. NgoNovember amakhophi alesosivivinyo sesu anikezwa bonke abathintekayo. Imihlangano yokudingida isivivinyo yabanjwa kuzo zonke izifundazwe. UMkhandlu wemukela imibono eminingi malungana nesivivinyo. Kwase kwenziwa ubuyekezo kwaguqulwa nezinkomba zempumelelo.
Izinkomba zempumelelo ezibekelwe lelisu zizode zibuyekezwa njalo ngonyaka, ziguqulwe uma kunesidingo. Ziyindlela ephathekayo yokuhlola izinto ezisemqoka nempumelelo, kodwa izindlela zokuqoqa ulwazi zinakho ukwenziwa ngcono, kanjalo nezindlela zokuhlola umthelela weSu. Kwenye inkathi lezonkomba ziye zibonise izenzo ezithize kunokuba zikhombise imiphumela yalezo zenzo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ke nokho kungade kulungiswa izinkomba zize zibonise imiphumela kangcono.
Ngezikhathi ezinqunyiwe, UMnyango wezabaSebenzi uzokulungisa ubhale imibiko ngaleyo naleyo nkomba. UMkhandlu wamaKhono uzokube usuyayicubungula lemibiko. Ngalokhu kwenza uNgqongqoshe uzobe eseyaziswa ngokuqhubekayo nangezinkinga eziye zaqhamuka. Uma kunesidingo, Ungqongqoshe unokwenza izinguquko ezidingakalayo ukuze kuhlangabezwanwe nezidingo zamakhono zangalesosikhathi ezweni.
UMthetho wokuThuthukiswa kwamakhono ka 1998, noMthetho weNtela yokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono ukhombisa ukuzinikela kukaHulumeni ekuthuthukiseni imigomo ebhekele abasebenzi nentuthuko yabo. Lemithetho emibili iveza imiqondo emisha malungana nezinhlelo nezinqubo zokuxhaswa ngezimali ezakhelwe ukusimamisa nokugqugquzela uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Zimbili izinto ezimqoka ezibhekelwe yilemithetho. Okokuqala ukuthuthuka kwezommnotho okusezingeni lomhlaba wonke nokuqhudelana kwezimboni zethu nezakwamanye amazwe. Okwesibili ukubhekana nezinselelo zentuthuko yomphakathi kanye nokuqeda ububha.
Imithetho yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono isiqalile ukusebenza. Ngo April 1999 kwasungulwa uMkhandlu obhekele ukThuthukiswa kwamaKhono. Ngo 20 March 2000, kwasungulwa izinhlaka ezingu 25 eziqondene nokufundisa nokuqeqesha. Ukusukela ngo 1 April 2000 kwasungulwa inkokhelo esanhlawulo ephuma kubaqashi okuyinkokhelo okufanele bayikhiphele ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ezindaweni zabo nanokubhekana nezindleko zokuqeqesha abasebenzi kumakhono athize.
Ziningi ke nokho izingqinamba ezisasilele okusafanele ukuthi kubhekanwe nazo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lemithetho isethenziswa ngendlela nangokugcwele. Izinhlaka ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono zisanda kusungulwa. Kusekhona nomsebenzi wokubonisa abaqashi ukuthi kumqoka kangakanani ukuthi bathuthukise amakhono abasebenzi ezimbonini zabo ukuze kukhuphuke izinga lomnotho wezwe nokuthi kuzuze wonke umuntu ngokwenze njalo. Uhlaka olwakhelwe ukuqeqesheka nobungcweti luselusha kakhulu, kanti izwe lakithi lidinga ongoti nochwepheshe abazokwenza lomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa amakhono.
Usuqaliwe ke nokho lomkhankaso. Ngokwesu kufanele kucaciswe izinto ezihamba phambili nezimqoka kanye nezinkomba ezizobonisa ukuthi sekukhathulwe indima engakanani. Izinkomba zempumelelo zincike kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwemikhakha ebhekene nemfundo nokuqeqesha, kanye nasekuzinikeleni kuzo kwabaqashi, kwabasebenzi, nabanye abathintekayo. UMnyango wezabaSebenzi, nemaziko awo asezifundazweni, uzodlala indima esemqoka kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngewmpumelelo kwalelisu.
Uma lelisu kungelikazwelonke, kufanele ke ukuthi wonke umuntu abambe iqhaza, uhulumeni, abasebenzi, umphakathi, izinhlangano, nazo zonke ezinye izinhlaka ezimelekile kulelisu. Kanjalo nezinhloso kufanele ukuba zamukeleke nxazonke. Akwanele ukuthi abantu bazi ngazo nje kuphela. Kufanele bambandakanyeke futhi bazinikele ngokuhlanganyela ekuboneni ukuthi lezonhloso ziyagcwaliseka.
Lokhu kuzophumelela uma laba abaqondene nokufundisa nokuqeqesha bebambisana noMnyango wonkana wezabaSebenzi, kuzwelonke nakuzifundazwe futhi basebenzele izinhloso ezifanayo. Impumelelo yabo izikubonakala ngokufezeka kwezinjongo.
Intuthuko nenqubekela phambili ekufinyeleleni la ekuphokophelelwe khona izokuqashwa uMnyango wezabaSebenzi ubambisene noMkhandlu wokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono. Engqungqutheleni elandelayo ebanjwa minyaka yonke yamaKhono, kuzokwethulwa umbiko ngebanga eselihanjiwe ekufinyeleleni kwizinjongo ukuze wonke umuntu azi ukuthi izwe selithuthuke kangakanani.
Isihloko somqulu weSu esithi - AmaKhono anembuyiselo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi - sichaza iphupho esinalo ngekusasa.
amakhono: kufanele ukuba kwesekelwe kuxhaswe ngezimali nangezinye izindlela ukutholakala kwamakhono adingwa abasebenzi nomphakathi, okuzoyo ngokuya lawo makhono aveze izinga okufanele kufinyelelwe kulo oHlakeni lukaZwelonke lwamaKhono. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kumayelana nokukhuphula amandla nolwazi lomuntu ngamunye ngokumnikeza aamkhono athize nobungcweti obuthize obuyisidingo. Akusikhona ukunikeza abhluphekele imisebenzi into abazoyenza okwesikhashana kumbe ukunika laba abangabaqeqeshi imisebenzi ngoba benalezo zinhlelo. Amakhono kufanele ukuba ayamaniswe nokwenza okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokuqeqeshwa okusezingeni (ngokuyingxenye kumbe ngokuphelele) okunomthelela kumnotho wezwe ubuzwe obunembuyiselo: udaba lobuphakathi nobuzwe eNingizimu Afrika buqondakala njengento yombusazwe esho - "ilungelo lokuvota" nokumbandakanywa lapho kuthathwa izinqumo. Kodw ainingi labantu, ikakhulu labo abadla imbuya ngothi, sebebonile ukuthi ilungelo lokuvota ligenqeza lodwa nje, kalanele. Ubuzwe lobu kufanele bumbandakanye ilungelo lokubeka induku ebandla lapho kuthathwa izinqumo ezithinta ukongela nokubekela ikusasa kanye nemisebenzi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kumalungana nokunikeza abantu ulwazi oluhambisana nokuthathwa kwezinqumo lezi kanye nokwenza leyo misebenzi edinga amakhono azothuthukiswa emveni kokuba kuthathwe lezo zinqumo. Emisebenzini izinqumo zimalungana nomkhiqizo, ukuhleleka komsebenzi, nobuchwepheshe; ezimbonini ezintsha nezisafufusayo zimalungana nolwazi lomsebenzi, ukusimama nokukhula, kanti emphakathini kumalungana nokudlondlobala komnotho.
Kubo bonke: iphupho lingelimbandakanya konke. Inhloso eyokuba kuvezelwe labo asebemsebenzini amathuba okuthuthuka kanye nalabo abangenamisebenzi; kulabo abaqalayo ukusebenza kanye nalabo asebezingqwathule emsebenzini; abesimame nabesilisa, kanye nabantu abakhubazekile ababekade bemakhono abo engashaywa ndiva esikhathini esiphambili.
Ukufunda kwanjalo-njalo: imiphakathi nezindawo zasemsebenzini kuyaguqu-guquka. Ukuze yilowo nayilowo muntu abhekane nalezo zinguquko kufanele acije ngamakhono athize ukuze kukhuphuke izinga lempilo yakhe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokulinganiswa kwesibalo: ngale kokusiphulwa kwezimpande zomlandu omubi kufanele kube khona okwenziwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awuphindeki lowomlandu bese wonke umuntu eba namathuba entuthuko. Eminyakeni engemingaki eyedlule baye ngokuncipha kakhulu abampisholo emisebenzini. Kubantu abangu 40 million abakhona ezweni lakithi bangamaphesenti angu 20 kuphela abanemisebenzi. Kubantu abangu 4,6 million abaswele imisebenzi, abangu 4,2 million bansundu, kanti u 58 phesenti wabo abesifazane. Ngokuthuthukikswa kwamakhono sidinga ukuba sikhandele ababebandlululekile amathuba, bese kuthi phezu kwalokho sigqugquzele ubambiswano oluphilayo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zabantu.
Ukuqhutshwa yizidingo: sesiside manje isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kuyinto eyenziwa ngaphandle kokuqashwa ukuthi kuhamba kanjani nanokuthi lawomakhono azokusetshenziswa ngayiphi indlela ezokuba nenzuzo. Kuzogcizelelwa ekuthuthukiswenio kwamakhono nobungoti obudingekayo ukuze kusebenzeke ngendlela ezoletha inzuzo, ukuze sibe sezingeni lomhlaba ngemikhiqizo, ukuze abasebenzi bakheke, abantu bakwazi ukuzisebenza bona, kubuye kuhlangabezwanwe nezidingo ezithile zomphakathi.
Ukuthobela nokuhambisana nesimo nokubambisana: uHulumeni ebambisene noMkhandlu wokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono unesibopho sokwakha uhlaka, nenkombandlela yesu lokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono nokulididiyela, nokuqapha ukuthi umsebenzi wokulifezekisa wenziwa kanjani.
Ubungcweti nokuzwela: izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kufanele zibe nezimpawu zokonga imali kanti futhi zibe nenzuzo ekugcineni kubo bonke abaye baphosa itshe esivivaneni bazinikela ngandlela zonke ekuthuthukisweni kwesu.
Ukuhlomisa iNingizimu Afrika ngamakhono ukuze ibhekane nemikhiqizo yomhlaba futhi lokho kunike abantu nemiphakathi amathuba ukuba bazithuthukise futhi babe neqhaza elibonakalayo nelinenzuzo ekukhuphuleni izinga lomnotho wezwe.
Lezizinhloso ziyakuba uhlaka oluzosetshenziswa uMnyango wezabaSebenzi kanye nemiKhakha yokuFundisa neyokuQeqesha. Lezizinhloso zizobuye zisize ekusethsenzisweni kwesikhwama esibhekene nokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono kanye nokusetshenziswa kwentela yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Zizokwazi futhi ukuthi zikhombise uHulumeni, abaqashi, izinyonyana, kanye nomphakathi ukuthi yikuphi okusemqoka kunokunye okufanele ukuba kuhlanganyelwe ukuze kusheshe kubonakale imiphumela ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono.
iCebo lokuThuthukiswa kwamaKhono lakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi lisekele ukukhula komnotho, ukwanda kwemisebenzi, nokuthuthuka komphakathi.
Emhlabeni wonke jikelele kuye kube namaphuzu athize anomthelela ekuhlelekeni kwezimboni, intengiso, nezinsiza, kanti izindawo zomsebenzi nomsebenzi qobo lwawo uyaguqu-guquka.
Ukuqhathaniswa nomhlaba wonke: ukwemukela ukuthi wonke amazwe azophila ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuqhudelana ngemikhiqizo nangamazinga omnotho.
Isidingo samakhono asezingeni: intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe isidale ukuba kube nesidingo samakhono nolwazi okuthe xaxa. Lokhu siyakubona nasezweni laseNingizimu Afrika. Phakathi kweminyaka ka 1970 no 1998 iye ngokwanda imisebenzi yamakhono aphakeme ngamaphesenti angu 20 kanti nemisebenzi engadingi makhono atheni inciphe ngalo lelozinga yize amanani aye athi ukuba makhulu ke ngalapho.
Izinguquko ekuhlelekeni: uhlelo lomnotho luyaguquka, futhi siya ngokuncipha isidingo semikhiqizo edinga amakhono okutshala nokusebenza emigodini, kanti siya ngokukhula isidingo samakhono obuchwepheshe.
Ukuhleleka kwezimboni namabhizinisi: isidingo solwazi olunzulu nokusebenza okusezingeni sidale ukuba kube nezinguquko endleleni okuhlelwe ngayo emabhizinisini, kwagcizelelwa ekuthenini abantu abasebenze ngokubambisana ngenhloso eyodwa kunokuba kugcizelelwe izikhundla kodwa imiphumela ibe ingabonakali. Lezizinguquko ke zihambisana nokwanda kwezindlela nezikhathi zokusebenza ezingajwayelekile isib.
Ukwanda kwamabhizinisi amancane: kuyo yonke imonotho esisimeme isamba sabaqashi ngamabhizinisi amancane kuye kwaphakathi nendawo, yilenhlobo yabaqashi ke evule amathuba omsebenzi kubantu abaningi kuleminyaka. Ngo 1997 uhlangothi lwamabhizinisi amancane kuye kwaphakathi nendawo, luye lwaba 57% wabantu abaqashiwe kubaqashi bangasese ezweni kanti afake u 42% emnothweni welizwe.
Izinguquko emphakathini: umnotho nezindawo zomsebenzi kufanele kuguquke kanye nezinguquko ezikhon emphakathini. Isibonelo, emazweni amaningi kunezinguquko ngezindawo zokuhlala, abantu bade bethutheleka kwezinye izindawo ngesikhulu isivinini lesi. Kukhona amanye ke amaphuzu anomthelela kubasebenzi ezweni laseNingizimu Afrika ikakhulukazi. Izinga lokungasebenzi liphezulu kakhulu lilinganiselwa kumaphesenti angu 25 kumbe angu 37 kuye ngezincazelo ezisethsenzisiwe. Kodwa ke noma ngabe iyiphi incazelo esetshenzisiwe iqiniso elisobala elokuthi inani labantu abaMpisholo baseNingizimu Afrika labaswele imisebenzi liphezulu kakhulu. Kunjalo nje abesimame abangasebenzi yibona abaningi kunabesilisa. Abaphezulu eqhulwini kwabaswele imisebenzi yilabo abangazange bake basebenze noma labo abangasho ukuthi sebeke basebenza phambilini. Baningi futhi abangasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engu 34. Izwe lethu libulawa ububha kanti negebe likhulu phakathi kwabadla izambane likampondo nalabo abadla imbuya ngothi. Enye into eyinselelo kakhulu yilena yezifo ezithathelwanayo ikakhulukazi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi nesifo sengculazi uqobo okuyinto eyande kakhulu kithi ngenxa yesimo sobuphofu nokungabi nezindawo zokuhlala ezamukelelkile. Kukhona futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kokweswela nezinga lobugcwelegcwele. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zomphakathi, nokubaqeqesha ngamakhono kuzokunciphisa ukusweleka kwemisebenzi nezilingo ezihambisana nakho, futhi lokho kuzobeka abantu esimweni sokuba bakwazi ukuziqalela eyabo imisebenzi.
Lamaphuzu ehlukahlukene athinta umnotho ngezindlela ezehlukahlukene futhi uzwelo lwawo kumuntu ngomuntu alufani.
Njengoba izinguquko zizoya ngokwanda nje, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kuzokuba yinto ekufanele sizinikele kuyo safuthi.
Lezizinto ezintathu ke ziyabonakala nasezinguqukweni ezenzekayo ngasohlangothini lwezemfundo kuzona zonke izigaba. Imithetho elawula ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye nokusungulwa kwezinhlaka ezifana neSAQA okungumnyango ophethe izinga lokuqeqeshwa namakhono kuyakhombisa ukuthi kunesidingo esingakanani sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwethu namakhono kube sezingeni eliphezulu. Kufanele futhi sikwemukele ukuthi imfundo nokuqeqeshwa akupheleli esikoleni kimbe esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme kodwa yinto ekufanele iqhuneke ngenxa yezinguquko kubuchwepheshe nasesimweni somnotho.
Izwe lakithi linabantu abayizigidi ezintathu kuphela abanamakhono aphezulu , kanti ziyisikhombisa ezabantu abasebenza imisebenzi engadingi makhono lokho okubabeka engozini yokuphelelwa umsebenzi.
Kubantu abevile kwizigidi ezine abaswele imisebenzi, isigamu sabo abantu abasebancane futhi asebefunde iminyaka engaphezulu kuka 9 esikoleni. Ukuswela kwentsha imisebenzi kusukela ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwemfundo abayitholayo obelunganakho ukuqeqeshwa ngokwamakhono umuntu angawasebenzisa ukuziphilisa nokungamakhono adingakalayo ezindaweni eziningi zokusebenza, kanye nokwesela izeluleko besesikoleni ngemikhakha aabngase bayilandele ukuze baqasheke. Iphesenti elilodwa kuphela labafundi basezikoleni zemfundo ephakeme abanenhlanhla yokufunda ubuchwepheshe kumbe lezokole zabo ziyizikhungo zobuchwepheshe.
Amabhizinisi amaningi amancane ezweni lakithi awayikhokhi intela kanti futhi afaka okuncane kakhulu emnothweni wezwe.
Iminyango kahulumeni ezingeni likazwelonke, lezifundazwe, kanye nakohulumeni basekhaya idinga amakhono nezindlela zokusebenzisa imigomo okufanele ukuba ilandelwe nezinhlelo ezisungulelwe ukuba kuncishishwe izinga lobubha nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu. Kufanele kubhekisiswe umgomo wokunakekelwa kwalowo okuthiwa yikhasimende.
Bakhona abaqashi asebenikeze abasebenzi ithuba lokuqeqeshwa ngamakhono, abasebenzi ngokwabo abakangeni emgqeni ngokuthi bazibonele bona isidingo sokuba kuthuthuke amakhono abo. Ngokombiko we ILO ngezwe laseNingizimu Afrika amaphesenti angu 87 ezimboni ezaphenywayo, zathi ziqeqesha abasebenzi ngamakhono kanti okwangempela iningi lazo, okungu 70% zikha phezulu nje futhi lokho kuqeqesha ezikhuluma ngakho kumbandakanya ukufundisa abantu umsebenzi uma befika kuphela. Wona lowombiko futhi unobufakazi bokuthi emafemini lapha lincane kakhulu inani labantu abqeqeshwayo ngonyaka ababhekenne nomkhiqizo, abevi kumaphesenti angu 10 walabo ababeqeqeshwe ngonyaka odlule.
Yileyo naleyo nhloso ephakamisiwe, kubekwe iznkomba ezithile zenqubekela phambili.
Zinikeza into ejongiwe okufanele kufinyelelwe kuyo.
Zenza ukuthi kubonakale indima esikhathuliwe nokuba kuhlolwe inqubekela phambili.
Izinkomba zempumelelo zichazwe zahambisana nezinjongo zikazwelonke. Kuyaziwa ukuthi azifani zonke izinhlangothi zomnotho futhi namathuba ezinawo kawefani. Yize yilolo nalolo hlangothi luzobe luphokophelele ekufezeni izinjongo, akuzikwenzeka ngokulinganayo lokhu.
Ebangeni esikulo manje ezinye zalezizinkomba zibheka okwenzekayo okuholela kwimiphumela kunokuba zibheke imiphumela ngokwayo. Isibonelo, enye inkomba ibhekisisa ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu ziyithatha kangakanani imali ebhekele ukuthi zithuthukise ngayo amakhono. Ngaleyondlela singathi siyabona ukuthi abaqashi bazinikele kangakanani ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono nasekuqeqeshweni kwabasebenzi. Kulula ke ukwenza lokhu ngoba kumbandakanya amanani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokho kufanele izinkomba zibhekisise ukuthi leyo mali kwenziweni ngayo, bazuzeni abasebenzi ngokuthathwa kwayo, sebenamaphi amakhono, sebethuthuke kangakanani ngolwazi lomsebenzi emva kokuqeqeshwa. Kuyisiqalo esihle ke nokho ukuhlola lokho okwenzekayo.
Okusemqoka ke kulomkhankaso wokuphokophelela ekufinyeleleni ezinjongweni iphuzu lendinganiso yabasebenzi. Ukusimama komphakathi nokuncipha kobubha okubabelwe umphakathi wakithi ngeke sifinyelele kukho ngaphandle kokuba kuxazululwe izinkinga eziphathelene nobandlululo lwayo yonke inhlobo. Kufanele ukuba luphele ubandlululo kuzona zonke izinhlangothi.
amaphesenti angu 84 kube abampisholo amaphesenti angu 54kube abesimame amaphesenti angu 4 kube abakhubazekile.
Akuthi kufika u March 2005, okungenani amabhizinisi angu 20 kumbandakanya amabhizinisi amancane, aphakathi nendawo, namakhulu ngaphansi kwalolo nalolo hlangothi, neminyango emihlanu kahulumeni ezingeni likazwelonke ababe sebezinikele ngokubonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni abantu.
umqondo wokufunda okuqhubekayo yiwona mgomo okusetshenzwa ngawo kwaSAQA. Kungukwemukela ukuthi kunesidingo sokuba abantu banikezwe amathuba okuzithuthukisa noma kukusiphi isigaba sempilo yabo, noma ngabe baqashiwe noma ngabe basafesele umsebenzi okuqala. Ngokukhula nokuthuthuka komnotho, kanjalo nesidingo sabantu abanamakhono siya ngokukhula futhi kuzofanele ukuba baqeqeshwe ukubhekana nalesosimo. Ukunikezwa kwabantu amathuba okuqhubeka nemfundo noma kunini kubanikeza ithuba lesibili lokuzithuthukisa abangazange balithola esikhathini esiphambili ngezizathu ezithile.
Ukugqugquzela isiko kusho ukujika indlela embi abantu ababuka ngayo impilo nomsebenzi nokukhuthaza abaqashi nabantu ukuba bemukele ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono njengento engukubekela nokubhekela ikusasa kunokuba yinto echitha imali. Intela-sabelo esanda kusungulwa yamakhono yenzelwe ukuba ihehe ikhuthaze abaqashi ukuba bathuthukise amakhono ezindaweni zabo. Kanti amasu Amakhono aseMsebenzini asungulelwe ukuthi abaqashi kanye nabasebenzi balubuke njengolumqoka udaba lokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi. Yize imithetho yentuthuko ibekelwe ukuba isize ukujika imiqondo yabantu, okumqoka nakakhulu kunokuphoqwa umthetho ukuzinikela okujulile emzabalazweni wokuthuthukisa amakhono abantu futhi lokho kube yinhloso kazwelonke. Amanye amazwe omhlaba, izinkampani, abantu nemiphakathi aseyazibona ayazivuna izithelo zokuthuthukisa abantu ngamakhono. Lelisiko nokuzinikela kufanele ukuba kukhuthazwe nasezweni lakithi iNingizimu Afrika.
Kufanele futhi ukuba sizinikele ukuba sizokuzikhandla ukwenyusa izinga lethu lolwazi ngendlela eqhubekayo ukuze siqhathaniseke ngendlela ephezulu ezweni lethu nakwamanye amazwe nokunikeza bantu isiqiniseko sokuthi ukuzithuthukisa ngamakhono akusiyona into yokuchitha isikhathi kokdwa kunembuyiselo. Izinhlaka ezintsha nezeMfundo nokuQeqesha, kanye nezinye izinhlangano zongoti ezinhlakeni ezithize zinesibopho ngokusemthethweni ukuba zikhuthaze iqophelo eliphezulu nokuqapha amazinga.
Inqubo yokugcina amazinga aphakeme kufanele ilandelwe nasekwakhiweni kwamathuba omsebenzi nawokuqashwa. Ukuthuthukisa amakhono kungukuhlomisa abantu ukuba baqasheke emisebenzini abanokuziqhenya ngayo.
Imithetho eshayelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye nezinhlelo zoMnyango wezaBasebenzi zakhelwe ukuba ziguqule imiqondo yabantu malungana nodaba lokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. UNgqongqoshe uzinikele ekukhuthazeni izinga okuzokuvunyelwana ngalo ukuba lisetshenziswe ekuhloleni ukuzinikela nokuzimisela kwezinkampani neminyango kahulumeni ekuthuthukiseni abantu ababasebenzelayo.
Baningi kakhulu abantu abancishwa amathuba okufunda besebancane ngalokho akuzuba lula kubona ukuthi nalamamathuba okuzithuthukisa bawasebenzise. Ngakhoke kusemqoka ukuba aabntu asebekhula-khulile badluliswe ekufundisweni kwezinga lokuqala (NQF1) kungakenziwa lutho olunye olusohlelweni lwentuthuko ukuze kuvaleke lelogebe lokuphuthelwa imfundo besebancane.
Ukuphumelela ukufinyelela kulenhloso kusho ukuthi kusenomsebenzi okufanele wenziwwe wokuhlola ulwazi lwabantu ngaphambi kokuba bafakwe ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa, lowomsebenzi wokuhlola kufanele wenziwe abantu abangongoti nochwepheshe abanolwazi olunzulu.
Sinethemba elikhulu futhi lokuthi abaqashi bazokuhlwitha lelithuba elihle kangaka balisebenzise lapho sebezithola sebephoqekile ukuba bacabange ukudenda abasebenzi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kufanele kuhambisane nezinye izinto ezingaqondene nomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kokucijwa ngamakhono okusebenza baningi abasebenzi abadinga ukufundiswa ukubhala nokubala, kanti fufanele babuye bafundiswe ngezempilo nangokuphepha emsebenzini.
Phakathi kuka 1970 no 1995 ukuqashwa kwabantu kwanda ngamaphesenti angu 17. Esikhathini esifanayo abasebenzi banda ngamaphesenti angu 35. Okuqaphelekayo ukuthi imisebenzi yabantu abansundu yancipha ngalesisikhathi. Kwathi abantu abangafundile nabanemfundo ephansi balahlekelwa imisebenzi, izikhala ezavuleka lapho zathathwa yilabo abafunde ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme abaneziqu namadiploma. Umnotho ongeniswa yizinhlangothi zemisebenzi ezihlelekile unakho ukukhula usimame uma kwandiswa imikhiqizo nokulinyua izinga lomkhiqizo, uma kwenzeke lokho namathuba omsebenzi ayanda kanti nezikhala zomsebenzi ziba nesiqiseko.
Isizinda samakhono esibhekile sinokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha okuqhamuka ngaphakathi ezweni nangaphandle. Lokho kuzokuvula namathuba okuthola izindawo ezintsha zokusabalalisa umkhiqizo nokuthola ubuchwepheshe obusha, ucwaningo nentuthuko nokudala imisebenzi. Yize eminye imikhiqizo incike kakhulu ebukhoneni bezimali, zikhona izimboni ezizokuphumelela ngokwanda kwabasebenzi. Kukhona amathuba entuthuko ezinhlakeni zabazisebenzayo, kwezokuvakasha, nakwezamasiko.
Isu lokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono liqonde ukukhuthaza abaqashi ukuthi babone ukuthi abasebenzi yibona abayisisekelo sokudlondlobala nokukhula kwemisebenzi yabo. Ukusungulwa kwaMasu amaKhono aseMisebenzini kuzodala ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono namacebo ezinkampani okukhula kanye nawomgomo wendinganiso yabasebenzi. Labo baqashi asebethole isabelo sokuthuthukisa amakhono kuyofanela bakhombise ukuthi imithetho yokuthuthukiswa sebeyilandele kangakanani. Kanjalo nasemisebenzini yomphakathi amasu okusetshenziswa kwamakhono angahambisana kahle kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abasebenzi ukuze nomsebenzi womnyango lowo ube ngcono.
Kuqala ke kwakuye kugxilwe efemini ethize ngokuthuthukisa amakhono. Sekujikile ke lokho kwenza manje, kuthi kubhekwe umkhiqizo walelofemu kodwa kube kubhekwe nanokuthi kungahlanganyelwa kanjani namanye amafemu ukuze kwenziwe ngcono isimo somnotho nanokuthi umkhiqizo ukhuphuke nakhu izandla seziningi. Sekusetshenzwa ngokuxhumana manje emafemini, kanti namaxhama aya ngokuqina uma kubanjisenwe. Izingqungquthela zezimboni ezahlukene ziye zidingide ukwenza ngcono amasu okusebenza. Lawo masu ke angasithola isisekelo futhi enziwe ngcono ngokusungula izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ezizokwandisa umkhiqizo bese kuthuthuka nabasebenzi nezizokwazi ukuba amakhono athutheke.
Lezizinhlelo ezintsha zokufundiswa nokuqeqeshwa ezawo wonke umuntu, omdala nomncane. Izinhlelo zokufunda zizokunikezwa izigaba ezehlukene ohlakeni lokuqeqeshwa likazwelonke. Amakhono alabo asebevele besebenza ayadinga ukuthuthukiswa nawol. Inhloso yesihlanu igcizelela kakhulu isidingo sokuqeqesha nokufundisa labo basebenzi abafikayo emsebenzini, kodwa ke kungabe sekuyekelelwa labo asebesebenza ngoba nabo bayadinga ukunikezwa amakhono nokuwenza ngcono lawo asebenawo.
ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlelekile kuyinto elula ngoba leyomikhakha isinokuqonda okuthe xaxa ngezidingo zamakhono angcono nokwenza okufanele ukugcwalisela lapho kudungeka khona amakhono emnothweni. Ukusungulwa kwamasu okusethsenziswa kwamakhono emisebenzini nokucwaningisisa ngamakhono adingakalayo kuzosiza ukuba kusheshe kubonakale izidingo. Ngo 2001, uNgqongqoshe uzokwethula uhlelo lwemifundaze ezokusiza abaqashi ukuba baqeqeshe abasebenzi ngalawo makhono anesidingo kakhulu.
ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenkomba-mpumelelo yenhloso 2 kuzobe kukhomba ukuthi imibandela yemithetho yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ilandelwe ngokugculisayo. Ukukala ukuthi lenhloso sekusele kangakanani ukuba ifezeke kuzombandakanya ukucubungula okuzuzwe abaqashi kanye nalawo maphuzu afana nokukhula komkhiqizo, ukugcina abasebenzi bangabalekeli kwezinye izimboni kanti nezinga lomsebenzi lizokubuyekezwa. Kusemqoka ke futhi nokuthi kukalwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kubasize ngani abasebenzi, isibonelo, ukuba ngcono kwesimo sempilo yabo nokusebenza ngokuphepha izinkambiso zasemsebenzini, nobudlelwano phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono nokukhushulelwa izikhundla ngoba umuntu esethuthukile phela.
Kulesisikhathi samanje, u 72 phesenti wamabhizinisi angasese aseNingizimu Afrika aqashe abantu abane nangaphansi. Osekubonakale emazweni amanye omhlaba ukuthi iningi lemisebenzi emisha livezwa yizimboni zangasese futhi ezincane. Isibonelo, eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule ezweni laseMelika imisebenzi eminingi iqhamuke kumabhizinisi amancane asanda kuqala. Sekwande umkhuba wokuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zisebenzise amakhono ezinkampani ezincane ukufeza izinhloso ezithile zabo, ngaleyo ndlela ke kudaleka amthuba omsebenzi kubantu abangaphandle kuleyonkampani.ENingizimu Afrika osomabhizinisi abancane baye balinganiswa nezikhungo ezinkulu zokusebenza, kanti lokho kuyiphutha. Buka ngoba izinkampani eziningi zamacomputer nobuchwepheshe esezizakhele udumo ngempumelelo emazweni angaphandle yizinkampanii ezincane impela. Izinkampani ezintsha ezincane futhi zisemweni esikahle impela ukuba zithuthukise ulwazi oluisha lobuchwepheshe nokuhlola imbuyiselo nomthelela emnothweni imiphumela yokwenza okuphathelene nentuthuko.
Lenhloso yakhelwe ukuba amehlo abheke iqhaza elimqoka elingabanjwa ngamafemu amancane emnothweni wezwe. Lenhloso ikhombisa ngokusobala izinjongo zoMnyango wezaBasebenzi zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane awashiywa ngaphandle ezinhlelweni zentuthuko. Akwaziwe kusemanjena ke ukuthi kuzokuba umsebenzi omningi nokho ukuqondisisa ukusebenza kwamabhizinisi amancane kwizinhlangothi ezehlukahlukene zomnotho, kanye nohlobo losizo oluzokudingwa yilamabhizinisi ukuze akhule futhi afake nokubonakalayo emnothweni.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kuyingxenyana nje yesu lokugqugquzela ukuqalwa kwamabhizinisi nokusizwa kwezinkampani ezincane ukuba zidlondlobale. Amabhizinisi amancane kufanele akwazi ukuboleka imali, athole ukusekelwa nokwelulekwa nosizo oluphathelene nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukukhangisa lowomkhiqizo nokuwudayisa emazweni angaphandle. UMnyango wezaBasebenzi uzosebenza ngokubambisana nohlangothi lwezemfundo nokuqeqesha, uMnyango weoHwebo neziMboni neminye imiNyango namaziko ayo ukugquqguzela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emabhizinizini amancane ukuze akhule.
Akuthi kufika uMarch 2005, kube sekukaliwe kwabonakala ukuthi iSikhwama samaKhono sibe namuphi umphumela nomthelela, ngokubheka uhlobo lweprojekthi, nanokuthi ithathe isikhathi esingakanani, lokho okufanele kuveze nezinga lokutholelwa kwabantu benkosi imisebenzi emveni kokuba beqeqeshiwe phela, okulindeleke ukuba u 70% wabaqeqeshwa ube usuwasebenzisa mandawana thize amakhono lawo.
Enkulumeni yakhe ekuvulweni kwephalamende ngo 2000, uMongameliIn uMbeki wakhuluma ngesidingo sokuba imisebenzi yentuthuko ihlanganiswe ukuze imiphumela ibonakalet. Leyomisebenzi yentuthuko yileyo eyenza ngcono izinga lempilo yabantu abaswele, yileyo enikeza izinsiza ezinqala kanye nengqala-sizinda, futhi eba yisisekelo sokukhushulwa kwezinga-mpilo ngokuqala izindlela ezintsha zokungenisa imali.
Imisebenzi yokuThuthukisa uMphakathi imbandakanya ukuqalwa kwemisebenzi yokuzisebenza emikhakheni yamabhizinisi amancane.
Ezinhlelweni eziningi esezisunguliwe nezisahlelwayo, njengesu lokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zentuthuko ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, nokuvuselelwa kwasemadolobheni, nezinhlelo zangaphakathi zokukhula ngokomnotho, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwakheke ingxenye esimeme yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Asingeke sakugwema ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zentuthuko zithatha isikharthi esincane kakhulu kodwa kungenziwa aamlungiselelo okuthi kube khona abazuzayo amakhono azokubasiza esikhathini esizayo ekutholeni imisebenzi, nokuthi bakwazi ukuqala awabo amabhizinisi, nanokuthi baqhubeke nokusiza umphakathi wakubo noma lezonhlelo seziphelelwe yisikhathi.
Ngakho ke ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokusiza umphakathi, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, imigwaqo nokulungiswa kwezikole, amakhono asemqoka kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwebantu kusemqoka njengoba kumqoka njengokuthuthukisa izingqala-sizinda zemiphakathi futhi okumqoka kuzo zombili izinhlobo zentuthuko ukusimama.
Enye ingxenye yeSikhwama samaKhono sikaZwelonke izobhekela izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nokusiza abaswele imisebenzi nalabo abasebenza inciki-nciki. UMkhandlu obhekela amaKhono usuveze isidingo sokuba kubhekisiswe kukhethwe izinhlelo zomphakathi ezidinga ukuxhaswa ukuze ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kube yiyona nto ehamba phambili kulezo nhlelo.
Ukufeza lenhloso kuzodinga ubambiswano phakathi kwemiNyango kaHulumeni, iziNhlangano zeNtuthuko, kanye nezinNhlangano ezingaphandle kukahulumeni ezingeni likazwelonke, lezifundazwe, nelohulumeni basekhaya. Kuzodingeka futhi ubungoti bokuhlela izinhlelo zentuthuko yomphakathi ngendlela yokuthi zigxile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono kukho konke ukwenza kwazo nanokuthi abantu babe nethuba lokuthola izitifiketi uma sebeqeqeshekile kulezonhlelo okuwuhlobo lokuqeqeshwa oluzoba sezingeni lokuhlonishwa nokwemukeleka uHlaka lukaZwelonke olusingethe ukuQeqeshwa (NQF) bese lokho kuba isisekelo semfundo nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo.
Akhona namathuba okusebenzisana nezinhlelo ezisungulelwe ukuthuthukisa umphakathi, njengezinhlelo ezizinze emphakathini zokwakha izidingo zomphakathi, uhlelo lwamanzi okuthiwa yiWorking for Water, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa intsha ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuzisebenza nokuziqasha. Noma lemizamo ingeke ibonakale njengeyokuthuthukisa osomabhizinisi abancane, iyisisekelo sokunombola labo bantu abanamathalente athize abangahle benze ngawo amabhizinisi baziphilise bafake nesandla emnothweni wezwe.
Maningi amaqembu eNingizimu Afrika afuna ukuthi kucatshangwe ukuthi yiwona adinga lolusizo kunamanye.
Iningi labaswele imisebenzi intsha kanti cisho isigamu salabo abaswele imisebenzi sebefunde iminyaka engu 9 yonke nangaphezulu esikoleni.
Ngo 2000 amaphesenti angu 57,8 alabo ababhala uMatikuletsheni baphasa kodwa bangamaphesenti angu 14 kuphela abaphasela ukuthi baqhubekele emfundweni ephakeme. Intsha engu 206,000 ayifundile okutheni, ayinasicucu. Kunesidingo ke esiphuthumayo ukuthi leyo ntsha esanda kuphuma esikoleni naleyo engaphasanga kahle ithole ithuba lokuqeqeshwa nelokuba ithuthuke ngemfundo.
Uhlelo olusha lokuthuthukisa imfundo, yize kungeyilo olwabantu abasha nje kuphela, luzokunikeza ithuba lokuba bafunde amakhono adingakalayo futhi kufanele lukwazi ukwandisa izifundo kabanzi ngesikhashana esifushane. Ukuqalwa kwezinhlelo zokusekela abasha kuzombandakanya ukwenza ngcono isimo solwazi nokuthola izeluleko ngemisebenzi kanye nezinsiza zokufunelwa imisebenzi. UMnyango wezeMisebenzi ubambisene noMkhandlu wamaKhono futhi uphokophelele ukuzenza lezi zinhloso zibe impumelelo.
Leli liSu licaba izindlela iNingizimu Afrika engahlumelisa ngazo amakhono ukuze ibe sesimweni sokuqhudelana ngempumelelo namanye amazwe omhlaba ngomnotho osezingeni; lokhu kubuye kuhehe ukutshakwa kwezimali ezweni lethu; kuthuthuke kudlondlobale abantu nemiphakathi kuze kuphele ububha nokwakha imiphakathi ebumbeneyo nesezingeni lentuthuko elilinganayo. Kusekuzimiseleni nasekuzinikeleni kwethu sonke ke ukuthi lelisu libe impumelelo sibe nenqubekela phambili, bese wonke umuntu eba nempilo engcono.
Akuthi kufika u March 2005, okungenani amabhizinisi angu 20 kumbandakanya amabhizinisi amancane, aphakathi nendawo, namakhulu ngaphansi kwalolo nalolo hlangothi, neminyango emihlanu kahulumeni ezingeni likazwelonke ababe sebezinikele ngokubonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni abantu.
A kuthi kufika uMarch 2005, kube sekukaliwe kwabonakala ukuthi iSikhwama samaKhono sibe namuphi umphumela nomthelela, ngokubheka uhlobo lweprojekthi, nanokuthi ithathe isikhathi esingakanani, lokho okufanele kuveze nezinga lokutholelwa kwabantu benkosi imisebenzi emveni kokuba beqeqeshiwe phela, okulindeleke ukuba u 70% wabaqeqeshwa ube usuwasebenzisa mandawana thize amakhono lawo.
