Ukuhlanganisa nokuchibiyela imithetho eqondene nokulawula nokwengamela izikhungo zokuhweba emakethe yezimali, ukulawula nokwengamela izikhungo zokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali, ukugcina nokuphatha amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali nokuvimbela umkhuba wokuhweba ngolwazi lwangaphakathi enkampanini; ukuhlinzeka ngemvume yendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana ngamasheya nokwemukela abaqokiwe; ukuhlinzeka ngenqubo yokuziphatha kwabantu abagunyaziwe nokuhlinzekela izindaba ezihlobene nale misebenzi.
Umcwaningi-mabhuku uchaza umcwaningi-mabhuku ngokulandisa koMthetho wabaCubunguli nabaCwaningi-mabhuku bamaBhuku ezimali zoMphakathi ka--1991uMthetho uNo.
ibhange lichaza ingodla njengoba ichazwe eMthethweni wamaBhange, we-1990 (Umthetho uNo. 94 we-1990), nebhange elingasabalalisi ngenzuzo emalungeni alo njengoba lichazwe eMthethweni wamaBhange angayabi inzuzo ekupheleni konyaka ka 1993 (Umthetho uNo.
Isigungu sichaza Isigungu Semisebenzi Yezimali esisungulwe yisigaba 2 soMthetho Wemisebenzi Yezimali we-1990 Umthetho uNo.
imithetho yokulondoloza ichaza imithetho eyenziwe yingodla yokugcina amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali ngokulandela loMthetho.
Umbiko ngombani uhlanganisa uhlobo olusungulwe, lwaqoshwa, lwathunyelwa noma lwagcinwa ngokubhaliwe noma ngokungathinteki kodwa okubonakalayo.
a noma iyiphi inhlangano yesikhwama sempesheni esibhaliswe ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikhwama zeMpesheni ka 1956 Umthetho uNo.
b noma iyiphi inhlangano yobungani ebhaliswe ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinhlangano Zobungani we-1956 Umthetho uNo.
c noma iluphi uhlobo lweqhinga lomfelandawonye wokutshala imali oluchazwe esigabeni- 1 soMthetho Wokulawula Umfelandawonye Wokutshala Izimali we- 2000 Umthetho uNo.
d noma ngubani obhaliswe njengomdayisi mshuwalense wesikhathi eside noma esifushane obhalise ngaphansi koMthetho Womshuwalense Wesikhathi eside we-1998 Umthetho uNo. 52 we- 1998, noma Umthetho Womshuwalense Wesikhathi esifushane we-1998 Umthetho uNo.
e noma ngubani ophakathi nendawo othula imisebenzi eqagulwe esigabeni-721d soMthetho Womshuwalense Wesikhathi eside we-1998, noma isigaba 70e soMthetho Womshuwalense Wesikhathi esifushane, we-1998; kanye f nebhange.
i amasheya, ubufakazi bokulondoloza imali enkampanini ebhaliswe emakethe yezimali nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezidayisa emakethe yezimali ngaphandle kohlobo olutshalwa enkampanini edayisa amasheya ngezixha njengoba ichaziwe eMthethweni Olawula Ukuthengisa Amasheya Ngezixha we-1980 Umthetho uNo.
umgidi wokudayiselana uchaza isivumelwane noma isigameko ngasinye sokuthenga nokudayisa amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali.
d ukukhuthaza intuthuko nokudlondlobala komsebenzi wokuhweba ngamathuluzi emali emakethe yaseNingizimu Afrika.
a ohlelweni lomfelandawonye wokutshala imali olawulwa noma ongaphansi koMthetho Olawula Umfelandawonye Wokutshala Imali we-2002; Umthetho No.
b ezigamekweni ezilawula noma ngaphansi koMthetho Wemisebenzi Encikile Neluleka Ngezimali ka 2002 Umthetho uNo.
Noma yimuphi umthetho ophathelene nokugembula noma nokubheja awusebenzi esigamekweni esilawulwa noma esingaphansi kwalo Mthetho.
h uma umuntu enegunya lokusebenza, engamele amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali ngaphandle kokuba lowo muntu ehambisana nemithetho yesikhungo elawula ukuphathwa kwamathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali.
Akanalo ilungelo lokuba yisikhungo, yingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba, yindlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana ngamasheya, ukubamba iqhaza noma ukugunyazelwa ukuqhuba lo msebenzi kuye ngesimo esivelile, noma aziphathe ngendlela, asebenzise igama noma incazelo ekhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwakhe nesikhungo, ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe, indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana ngamasheya, obambe iqhaza noma ogunyazelwe umsebenzi, kuye ngesimo njengoba sivelile.
Isikhulu esiphezulu nephini laso eliphawulwe esigabeni-1 soMthetho Wokweluleka Ngezimali we-1990 nguMlawuli-sikhungo nePhini lakhe Lemisebenzi Yamathuluzi Okuhweba Emakethe yezimali ngokulandelana kwabo.
Umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele enze imisebenzi ejutshelwe umlawuli-sikhungo noma abhekele ukuthi wonke umuntu ongaphansi kwalo Mthetho uyawulandela.
d Angabeka imibandela ehambisana nalo Mthetho mayelana nemvume, igunya, ukwemukela noma ilungelo elikhishwa ngumlawuli-sikhungo kanti lowo mbandela ungahoxiswa noma uchitshiyelwe.
Olawula Izimakethe Zokuhweba ngemali we-1989 (Umthetho uNo. 55 ka 1989) usasebenza nakuba loMthetho uchithwe yisigaba 117.
b namanye amalunga, ahlanganisa abantu abammele abasebenza kulemboni namakhasimende abaqokwe nguNgqongqoshe ngemuva kokubonisana neSigungu.
Umlawuli-sikhungo yilunga lesigungu sokweluleka ngesikhundla sakhe sokuba sehhovisi kodwa akakwazi ukuvota odabeni lapho edinga khona iseluleko sesigungu sokweluleka.
Ilunga lesigungu sokweluleka lihlala esikhundleni isikhathi esinqunywa nguNgqongqoshe ngesikhathi liqokwa.
b izindleko zemali esetshenzisiwe yilunga ekuqhubeni imisebenzi ejutshelwe lona.
a i uSihlalo wesigungu sokweluleka kufanele abize umhlangano wokuqala wesigungu sokweluleka ngemuva kokuqala kwalo Mthetho, ngemuva kwalokhu, isigungu sokweluleka siyohlangana ngesikhathi nasendaweni eyonqunywa yisigungu sokweluleka.
Usihlalo ubiza umhlangano olandelayo ngemuva kowedlule lapho isibalo esidingekayo samalunga omhlangano sahluleka ukuhlangana.
b Isibalo esidingekayo samalunga ukuze umhlangano uqhubeke siyoba yiningi lamalunga esigungu sokweluleka.
Isigungu sokweluleka singazithathela ngokwaso noma sicelwe nguNgqongqoshe noma ngumlawuli-sikhungo ukuphenya nokwethula umbiko noma iseluleko ngodaba lokuphatha noma lobungoti ngabantu abasebenza kule mboni noma ngokwethulwa kwemisebenzi yamathuluzi okuhweba emakethe ezimali.
a Singacela kunoma ngubani usizo noma aphenye udaba oluthinta abantu abasebenza kule mboni noma ngemisebenzi yokuhweba ezimakethe zemali.
Umlawuli-sikhungo angethula esigungwini noma yiluphi ulwazi olufanele ngodaba oluphenywa yisigungu sokweluleka.
Umlawuli-sikhungo unesibophezelo sokuphatha umsebenzi osondelene nemisebenzi yesigungu sokweluleka nekomidi elincane lesigungu sokweluleka.
a Isigungu kufanele sikhokhe izindleko eziqondene nemisebenzi yesigungu sokweluleka.
b Isigungu sokweluleka kufanele sithole imvume yesigungu ngaphambi kokuthwala izindleko.
Imibandela yoMthetho yeKhomishani we-1947 Umthetho uNo. 8 we- 1947 oqondene nokuvela kwikhomishani, ukuhlola abantu nokusingatha imisebenzi yokwenza izifungo, ikhwelo lokukhipha izincwadi, imibhalo nezinto ezithile nokwephula umthetho okwenziwa ngofakazi isebenzisana nezinguquko ezidingwa yindikimba yophenyo olwenziwa yisigungu sokweluleka noma yikomidi elincane eliqokiwe.
izidingo zokubhalisa zisho okufunekayo, okunqunywe yisikhungo sokuhweba emakethe yezimali okufanele kulandelwe ngaphambi kokuba ithuluzi lokuhweba emakethe lidayiswe noma liqhubeke nokuhweba kuleso sikhungo semakethe yezimali.
Umuntu angafaka isicelo semvume kumlawuli-sikhungo maqondana nohlobo olulodwa noma eziningi zokuhweba emakethe yezimali eziphawulwe kwincazelo esigabeni-1.
Ngaphandle kwesigaba 30 soMthetho Wezinkampani we-1973 Umthetho uNo.
d siphelezelwe yinoma yiluphi ulwazi nemininingwane ebalulekile engafunwa ngumlawuli-sikhungo.
Umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele akhiphe isaziso sesicelo semvume yesikhungo sokuhweba emakethe yezimali emaphephandabeni amabili kazwelonke. Izindleko zokukhangisa zithwalwa ngofake isicelo.
c Isikhathi esibekelwe ukufaka isicelo sokuphikisa kumlawuli-sikhungo.
d agcine inkambiso yokuphepha nokulondoloza ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo yemigidi yomsebenzi oqhutshwe yisikhungo ihlala iphephile.
f ukuhlinzekela inkokhelo nokukhokhela yonke imigidi yokudayiselana ngamasheya eyenziwa esikhungweni sokuhweba emakethe yezimali nokuphatha umcimbi wokuhweba nokubhekela ubungozi bokukhokhela amathuluzi okuhweba athengwe esikhungweni sezimakethe zokuhweba.
Ngokubheka uhlobo lwesikhungo sokuhweba emakethe yezimali, umlawuli-sikhungo angaquma umgamu wokuhambisana nemibandela obekelwe lowo ofaka isicelo nephawulwe esigatshaneni -1.
Umlawuli-sikhungo angafuna eminye yemininingwane ephawulwe esigatshaneni 1 ngokugcwele.
Imvume yokuhweba emakethe yezimali kufanele ichaze imisebenzi eyokwethulwa yisikhungo, ihhovisi elikhulu lapho siyokanisa khona eNingizimu Afrika nezindawo okungasebenzela kuzo isikhungo nokuchaza ukuthi isikhungo ngeke sisebenzele kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwemvume ebhalwe phansi wumlawuli-sikhungo.
Isikhungo singafaka isicelo noma yinini kumlawuli-sikhungo sokuchibiyela imigomo nemibandela yemvume okwakhishwa ngayo imvume.
f singenza zonke ezinye izinto ezifanele, ezixhumene noma ezifanele zokuqhuba umsebenzi wesikhungo nezingashayisani nalo Mthetho.
a Umlawuli-sikhungo angathatha isibophezelo somsebenzi owodwa noma ngaphezulu walena ephawulwe esigatshaneni uma umlawuli-sikhungo ebona kufanele ngenhloso yokufeza izinhloso zalo Mthetho okuqondiswe kuwo esigabeni- 2.
kufanele anike isikhungo ithuba lokuziphendulela ukuthi kungani umlawuli-sikhungo engafanele ukuthatha leso sibophezelo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe singakapheli isikhathi esithile esibekiwe.
Ukukhipha isinqumo sokunxephezelo umuntu ohlukumezekile ngenxa yokwephulwa komthetho noma ukwehluleka.
c ngesikhathi sokulalelwa kodaba, isikhungo singahlola silalela imininingwane eqoqwe ngumlawuli-sikhungo ngesikhathi enza uphenyo ngaphansi kwesigaba -93 noma etholwe yingosi lapho iphenya ngokwesigaba- 82.
Uma umuntu ehluleka ukukhokha inhlawulo noma isinxephezelo okuqondiswe kuso esigatshaneni -1g, isikhungo singenza umbiko ofungelwe kumabhalane noma kumlawuli-sikhungo wenkantolo evumelekile, lowo mbiko uyochaza isamba senhlawulo enqunyiwe kanti umbiko uyoba nomthelela onamandla esinqumo saleyo nkantolo esiqondiswe kothathelwe sona, umphumela waso uvuna isikhungo ukuba sithole ngokushesha imali ekweletwayo ebhalwe embikweni.
Imibandela yokubhalisa kufanele ichaze inhloso yokwaba inhlawulo ephawulwe esigatshaneni- 1g.
Imibandela yokubhalisa neminye imigomo yokubhalisa iyabophezela kodayisa ngethuluzi lokuhweba kanjalo nalowo ogunyazwe ukulisebenzisa, abaqondisi, abasebenzi nabadayisa ngalo.
d singakhokhisa imali ehlelwe emibandeleni yokubhalisa noma esemthethweni wesikhungo, ngale kwamalungiselelo okufinyelelwe kuwo ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwalo Mthetho olawula ukuthenga nokudayisa amathuluzi abhalisiwe okuhweba emakethe yezimali.
c Siyonika odayise ithuluzi ithuba lokwethula ubufakazi bokuthi kungani isicelo kufanele singenqatshwa, singakapheli isikhathi esinqunywe yisikhungo.
Isikhungo singesula amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali noma simise uhwebo ngalawo mathuluzi abhalisiwe uma lokho kuyoqhuba izinhloso zalo Mthetho ophawulwe esigabeni -2, inqobo uma kuhambisana nalesi sigaba, imithetho yesikhungo nemibandela yokubhalisa.
c Siyonika odayisa ithuluzi ithuba lokwethula ubufakazi bokuthi kungani isikhungo kungafanele simesule noma simmise, singakapheli isikhathi esinqunywe yisikhungo.
Uma imibandela yokubhalisa, izimo ezinqunywe yisikhungo maqondana nokwehluleka ukubhalisa amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe noma ukungahambisani nemithetho yesikhungo, ngaphansi komgomo wesigatshana- 1, isikhungo singathatha isinqumo sokummisa esiphawulwe kuleso sigatshana, leso sijeziso siyodonsa izinsuku ezingevile emashumini amathathu kanti singanezelwe ngezinye izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu.
uma ukuhweba ngamathuluzi abhaliswe emakethe yokuhweba kumisiwe ngokulandisa kwalesi sigaba, isikhungo singavumela abagunyazwe ukuwasebenzisa ukuba bawathenge noma bawadayise ngenhloso yokuhlangabezana nezibophezelo zabo ezenziwe maqondana nawo ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwesinqumo sokumisa, inqobo uma bekwenza ngokulandela izigatshana -1 ne- 3.
a uma odayisa ithuluzi lokuhweba ecela isikhungo ukuba sisuse amathuluzi aso okuhweba ohlwini kodwa isikhungo sibona lawo mathuluzi efanele ukuqhubeka nokuba yingxenye yohlu, ukususa lawo mathuluzi kufanele kugunyazwe ngabanini bawo ngendlela ebekwe yisikhungo, isikhungo kummele seneliseke ukuthi leso senzo ngeke sihlukumeze amagunya edlanzana elinentshisekelo ngalawo mathuluzi okuhweba.
b odayisa ngethuluzi lokuhweba kufanele aveze izizathu zesicelo esiphawulwe endimeni (a).
a Uma isikhungo sichitha isicelo sokufaka amathuluzi okuhweba njengengxenye yohlu olungaphansi kwesigaba- 12 (b) noma esigatshaneni - , sesula ohlwini amathuluzi noma simisa ukuthengisa kwamathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali, umdayisi ozizwa ehlukumezekile kufanele azise ngokushesha zonke ezinye izikhungo lapho kubhaliswe khona lama thuluzi ngosuku lwesinqumo sokwenqaba, ukwesula noma ukumiswa kwawo.
b Uma ukwenqatshwa kokubhaliswa ohlwini kwamathuluzi okuhweba noma ukwesulwa kwawo okuqondwe endimeni a kungenxa yokwehluleka ukuhambisana nemibandela yokubhalisa emiswe yisikhungo , kusukela osukwini oluphawulwe endimeni a kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, asikho isikhungo sokubhalisa esiyomukela isicelo sokuthatha amathuluzi okuhweba athinteka ohlwini olugcinwe yiso ukuba adayise ngaphandle kokuba isinqumo sokwenqatshwa, sokwesulwa noma ukumiswa sekuhoxiswe yisikhungo esasithathe isinqumo noma ngemuva kwesinqumo sesigungu sokucubungula izicelo ezedlulisiwe esihoxisa isinqumo ngolandisa kwesigaba 111.
c Uma isikhungo sihoxisa isinqumo sokwenqaba, sokwesula noma sokumisa zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha, umdayisi ohlukumezekile angazisa ezinye izikhungo ezibhalise lelo thuluzi lokuhweba.
Imibandela yokubhalisa noma izimo ezinqunywa yisikhungo maqondana nokubhalisa amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali ingasetshenziswa yisikhungo emathuluzini abhaliswe ngaphambi kwesinqumo semibandela nezimo zokubhalisa, lokhu kuyokwenziwa ngokushicilela isaziso esibhaliwe saqondiswa kodayisa amathuluzi okuhweba abhalisiwe.
Ngaphandle kwesimo esehlukile esiphoqa usuku oluseduzane, imibandela nezimo zokubhalisa ezisetshenziswe ngale ndlela ziyoqala ukusebenza ngosuku olunqunywe yisikhungo. Lolo suku akufanele lube ngaphambili kwenyanga eyodwa ngemuva kosuku isikhungo esazise ngalo odayise ithuluzi lokuhweba kodwa isikhungo singaluhlehlisa usuku olunqunywe kuqala ngemuva kokuthola isicelo esifakwe ngodayise ithuluzi.
Uma isikhungo sichitha isicelo sokuhlehlisa ngokulandisa kwesigatshana-2, umnini-thuluzi lokuhweba othintekayo engathula ubufakazi obubhaliwe kumlawuli-sikhungo, uma isicelo sokuhlehlisa sizwakala , umlawuli-sikhungo angahlehlisa usuku okuqala ngalo ukusebenza imibandela nezimo zokubhalisa isikhathi ezingedluli izinyanga ezintathu kanti kufanele azise isikhungo ngalokhu ngokubhalwe phansi, lokhu kuyokwenziwa ngemuva kokubonisana nesikhungo.
Isikhungo singafuna lowo odayisa ngamathuluzi okuhweba abhaliswe emakethe yezimali ukuba asidalulele noma yiluphi ulwazi analo ngamathuluzi noma ngezindaba zomdayisi-thuluzi uma lolo lwazi lufanele ukufeza izinhloso zalo Mthetho okuqondiswe kuwo esigabeni -2.
b Isikhungo singacela odayisa amathuluzi okuhweba adalule lolo lwazi kwababhaliswe njengabanini mathuluzi okuhweba singakapheli isikhathi esinqunywe yisikhungo.
c Uma odayisa amathuluzi okuhweba enqaba ukudalulela isikhungo ulwazi noma ongumnini wamathuluzi okuhweba esikhungweni, isikhungo singamisa ukuthengiswa kwalelo thuluzi lokuhweba kuze kufike isikhathi sokudalulwa kolwazi olufanele nolugculisa isikhungo, ngaphandle uma okhiphe lelo thuluzi lokuhweba ethole imvume yenkantolo emgunyaza ukuba angalwethuli ulwazi.
Uma odayisa amathuluzi okuhweba edalula ulwazi ngokulandisa komthetho kubanikazi ababhalisiwe bethuluzi lokuhweba abangaba negalelo lokuphazamisa intengo yethuluzi lokuhweba, ngesikhathi esifanayo lowo olidayisile kufanele enekele umphakathi lolu lwazi..
Isikhungo esisingethe isikhwama sokunxephezela abagunyazelwe ukusebenza esikhungweni namakhasimende abo ngokulandisa kwemithetho yesikhungo bangahlawulisa imali ethile ngenhloso yokuhlomulisa isikhwama. Lokhu kungenziwa kunoma ngubani obandanyekayo emgidini wokuhwebisana ngamathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali ngokusebenzisa isikhungo.
Isikhungo singadinga abasebenzi abagunyaziwe namakhasimende ukuba baphonse esivivaneni sesikhwama sesikhungo ngenhloso yokuqhuba umsebenzi wesikhungo.
c Uma umlawuli-sikhungo ekhiphe imvume ebhaliwe.
Uma isikhungo kuwuhlobo olungaphethwe ngayedwa, isenzo sokwaba esiphawulwe esigatshaneni-2, singenziwa nakuba kukhona imibandela yemithetho ethile ephikisayo kodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isimiso sobunini bomsebenzi wesikhungo sokuhweba emakethe yezimali.
Imithetho yesikhungo kufanele ihambisane nalo Mthetho.
f izinhlelo zokusingatha isikhungo lapho kukhokhwa noma kuphethwa umcimbi wokudayiselana, uma isikhungo singaqokanga indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya.
v izinyathelo eziyothathwa yisikhungo noma ngumuntu ogidlabezwe amandla okuphenya noma okwenza umsebenzi wokuqondisa izigwegwe elungeni eligunyaziwe noma isisebenzi sakhe esitholakale siphambene noma sehluleke ukuhlangabezana nalo Mthetho, imithetho yesikhungo, imithetho yesikhashana noma imilayelo.
sinombhalo noma umqulu othile ogodliwe onomthelela ngodaba oluphenywayo, angabizelwa phambi komphenyi ngenhloso yokufakwa imibuzo noma alethe lowo mbhalo.
bb ngomsebenzi wokuqapha ukuthi isikhungo nabasegunyeni lokusebenza kuso balandela imithetho ebekiwe yoMthetho Wesikhungo Sobunhloli Bezimali we- 2001 Umthetho uNo. 38 we- 2001.
Ngemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo, isikhungo singashaya imithetho yaso ngezinto ezengeziwe kulezo ezibhalwe esigatshaneni -2.
Umthetho wesikhungo oshaywe ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba ubophezela isikhungo, odayisa amathuluzi okuhweba, abasebenzi namakhasimende.
yokuguqula amandla okuphatha enkampanini noma umsebenzi webhizinisi.
c angabeke imibandela yokuhweba ngamathuluzi angabhaliswe emakethe yezimali.
Umuntu othenga noma odayisa amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe angabhalisiwe otholwa ephambana nesenzo esingavunyelwe noma umbandela ophawulwe esigatshaneni 1, angahoxisa umcimbi wokudayiselana.
Isikhungo sokwebolekisa ngemali, akukhathalekile ukuthi siqhuba ibhizinisi lokuthenga noma lokudayisa amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali abhalisiwe kufanele sibikele umlawuli-sikhungo nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomgidi wokudayiselana ngamathuluzi abhaliswe emakethe okungaba nomphumela wokuguquka komhlomulo wobunini ngalawo mathuluzi okuhweba nokwenziwe ngaphandle kwesikhungo.
b ngendlela kanye nesikhathi okufanele kwethulwe ngaso imibiko.
b emphakathini, ngaphandle uma isikhungo senelisekile ngobuqotho bezizathu ezichaza ukuthi ukudalula ulwazi kuyophambana nezinhloso zalo Mthetho ophawulwe esigabeni-2.
Isikhungo esiphawulwe esigatshaneni- 3 singashicilela noma yiluphi ulwazi esinikwe lona ngaphansi kwaleso sigatshana..
Ngokwalo Mthetho, kwabagunyaziwe noma kubasebenzi abavunyelwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yesikhungo, akekho onemvume yokukhangisa noma yokunxenxa nganoma iyiphi indlela, kungaba yindlela eqonde ngqo noma ejikelezayoengakhangisa khona noma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhizinisi lokuthenga nokudayisa ngamathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali.
Noma ingaba khona eminye imithetho, uma umlawuli-sikhungo ebona isikhangiso, ipheshana lokukhangisa noma umbhalo mumbe oncike emathuluzini okuhweba okhombisa ukwedukisa abantu noma ovusa impikiswano, angalayela ukuba leso sikhangiso, ipheshana lokukhangisa noma umbhalo ungashicilelwa, ummiswe noma uguqulwe ngendlela ayibona ifanele.
a Igama lomuntu noma abantu abaqoqe umbiko noma abantu abasethimbeni labaqoqi bezindaba ephephandabeni noma embikweni lapho kunombono oqinile womhleli wephephandaba wokuthi uyabazi ngempela abaqoqi bombiko.
b Ukudalula umthombo walolu daba.
b Ongabambisa ngethuluzi elilodwa izikhawu eziningi ngaphandle kwemvume yomnini.
Ngendlela eyenza kube lula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola ubunini balawo mathuluzi okuhweba.
Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yesikhungo, umuntu onegunya lokuhweba angadayisa amathuluzi okuhweba abhalisile nalondolozwe kuye uma lowo owalondolozile emnikeze imvume ebhaliwe yokuwadayisa.
Wonke onegunya lokuhweba kufanele avule futhi agcine isikhwama ebhange elibekelwe amakhasimende noma asebenzise isikhwama esivulwe salawulwa yisikhungo lapho kuyofakwa khona zonke izimali zekhasimende ezitholwe ngosuku: lokhu makwenziwe ngokuqonda ukuthi yonke imali efakwa yikhasimende esikhwameni somuntu ogunyaziwe noma imali etholwe sekuvaliwe emabhange kummele igcinwe kuleso sikhwama kuze kube wusuku olulandelayo lomsebenzi.
b Isikhwama sokugcina imali esiphawulwe kulesi sigatshana singaqukatha kuphela imali yamakhasimende hhayi imali yesikhungo noma yomuntu onegunya lokuhweba emakethe.
c yenzelwa ukukhokha imali ekweletwa kumuntu onegunya lokusebenza, inqobo uma isikweletu esidaleke ngokuthenga lawo mathuluzi okuhweba angakabhalwa njengefa lomthengi wawo singathathwa njengesikweletu esidalwe ukufeza lokhu; noma d yenziwa ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umthetho noma owesikhungo ohlinzeka ngokucacile ukuthi leyo nkokhelo kufanele ilondolozwe esikhwameni esithile.
Izimali ezigcinwe esikhwameni nezinye ezingalondwanga esikhwameni njengoba isigatshana -1 sifanekisa, kodwa eziqagulwa njengezomuntu othile zithathwa "njengefa lesikhwama": ngencazelo yoMthetho Wezikhungo Zezimali Ukuvikelwa Kwezimali we-2001 Umthetho uNo. -28 we-2001, loMthetho usebenza kulezo zikhwama kodwa uncike kulesi sigaba.
Onegunya lokusebenza kufanele akhokhe ngokushesha umehluko ongadaleka phakathi kwemali efakwe esikhwameni naleyo ekhishiwe, inqobo uma lingekho isheke eliphindiselwe emuva ngenxa yokwentuleka kwezimali.
Zonke izindleko zebhangi eziqongeleke esikhwameni ziyothwalwa ngonegunya lomsebenzi ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondene ngqo nokukhipha noma ukufaka imali ebhange neyizindleko zekhasimende uqobo.
Yonke inzalo yezimali zesikhwama ziyokhokhelwa umnini-sikhwama ngemuva kokudonsa yonke imali yonegunya lokusebenza noma yesikhungo.
Yonke imali esala esikhwameni ngemuva kwenkokhelo yezindleko ezihlinzekelwe abantu abanelungelo lazo noma imali elondolozwe esikhwameni, ayithathwa njengefa lesikhwama njengoba isigatshana -3 siphawula.
Iziko leNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika elinamandla kumuntu onegunya lingenqabela umuntu onegunya ukuba asebenzise isikhwama semali, lingaqasha umqoqi-mafa ukulawula nokuphatha imali yesikhwama linike lowo mqoqi-mafa amalungelo, amandla nemisebenzi elibona ifanele. Lesi sinqumo senkantolo singenzeka lapho isikhungo, umlawuli-sikhungo noma omunye umuntu okweletwa yisikhwama selunga eligunyaziwe seliveze ubufakazi obenelisayo.
Umhwebi-masheya angasebenzisa isikhundla "umhwebi-masheya", umhwebi-masheya Ningizimu Afrika" noma "umhwebi-masheyaSA".
a azishaye umhwebi-masheya, oqashwe njengaye noma isisebenzi somuntu ohweba ngamasheya; noma b asebenzise isikhundla esiphawulwe esigatshaneni- 1 noma elinye igama, isikhundla, incazelo noma uphawu lomthetho, ukunika umqondo noma isenzo sokuyenga esikhombisa ukuthi lowo muntu uhweba ngamasheya, uqashiwe noma usebenzela umhwebi-masheya.
Umuntu obuswa yimithetho yesikhungo onebhizinisi elifana kakhulu nelomhwebi-masheya angasebenzisa isikhundla "umhwebi-masheya" uma izwe lapho esebenzisa khona isikhundla livuma futhi libhalwe ngemuva kwesikhundla sakhe.
amathuluzi okuhweba angenasiqiniseko achaza amathuluzi okuhweba angenabo ubufakazi besitifiketi noma angenambhalo, lana ngamathuluzi edluliswa ngaphandle kwethuluzi elibhaliwe.
Umuntu angafaka isicelo kumlawuli-sikhungo ukuze athole imvume yengodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe.
d sengezelwe ngolunye ulwazi olungadingwa ngumlawuli-sikhungo.
Umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele akhiphe isaziso sesicelo semvume yengodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba emaphephandabeni amabili kazwelonke ngezindleko eziyokhokhwa ngumuntu ofake isicelo.
c Ubude besikhathi sokuphikisa isicelo esiyoqondiswa kumlawuli-sikhungo.
c agcine inqubo yokuphepha nokulondoloza ukuze kube nesiqiniseko sobuqiniso nokwethembeka kwemibhalo.
Umlawuli-sikhungo angafuna ngokugcwele noma yimiphi imibandela ephawulwe esigatshaneni-1.
b izinhloso zalo Mthetho eziphawulwe esigabeni-2 ziyodlondlobaliswa wukukhishwa kwaleyo mvume.
Imvume kufanele ichaze imisebenzi yamathuluzi okuhweba engethulwa yingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba, inhloko-hhovisi yengodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba eliseNingizimu Afrika nezindawo lapho kuyosebenza khona ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba nencazelo yokuthi ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba ngeke isetshenziswe kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo.
Noma ngasikhathi sini, Ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba ingafaka isicelo sokuguqula nokuchibiyela izimo nemibandela okwakhishwa ngayo imvume yengodla.
o kufanele aqhube ibhizinisi ngendlela efanele nokwazisa amalungelo alabo ababambe iqhaza, amakhasimende nabadayisa ngamathuluzi okuhweba.
Ngokulandisa kwemithetho yokulondoloza, Ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe ingemukela umuntu onamathuluzi okuhweba noma onefa ethuluzini lokuhweba njengomuntu obambe iqhaza kuleyo ngondla yokulondoloza.
k kufanele aqhathanise isamba esiqukethwe yizikhwama zamathuluzi okuhweba nesikhwama esigcinwe yingodla yemakethe yezimali, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke.
b ngobambe iqhaza, noma ngomunye oqokiwe onesikhwama somuntu obambe iqhaza kufanele emukelwe yingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba ngokulandisa kwemithetho yengodla yokugcina amathuluzi okuhweba.
Oqokiwe kodwa ongemukelwe njengomuntu oqokiwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana - kufanele emukelwe ngumlawuli-sikhungo futhi ahambisane nemibandela engase inqunyelwe abaqokiwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza, ngokulandela lo Mthetho.
Umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele agcine uhlu lwabo bonke abaqokiwe abemukelwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yesikhungo noma yengodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba.
e kumbiko wokukhangisa ngamasheya; noma g kwezinye izimo ezisebenza ekuhwebeni ngamathuluzi, Amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali anesiqiniseko angaphendulwa amathuluzi okuhweba angenasiqiniseko lapho umnikazi eyokhipha khona amathuluzi anesiqiniseko.
Odayisa ithuluzi lokuhweba, ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba nalabo ababambe iqhaza kufanele benze amalungiselelo ahambisana nemithetho yengodla ukuze umgidi wokubhala amathuluzi angenasiqiniseko ube nobufakazi obuphathekayo.
Odayisa ithuluzi lokuhweba unesibophezelo esifanayo ngamathuluzi okuhweba angenasiqiniseko nalawo anesiqiniseko ngaphandle kokuthi asiphumi isitifiketi noma iphepha kulawo angenasiqiniseko.
e uma kudingeka, kuhanjiswane nesigaba- 91A soMthetho Wezinkampani we-1973.
Imithetho yokulondoloza imali yamathuluzi okuhweba kufanele ihambisane nalo Mthetho.
c kufanele ihlinzekele ukuthathwa kwezinyathelo ezifanele yingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi emakethe noma ngumuntu onikwe yingodla amandla okuphenya nokuqondisa izigwegwe ilunga elibambe iqhaza noma esisebenzini noma koqashwe yilowo obambe iqhaza otholwe noma osolakala ukuthi uphambeni noma wephule lo Mthetho, imithetho yokulondoloza kungodla, imithetho yesikhashana noma imilayelo.
q kufanele ihlinzekele ukuvunywa kokukhethwa kobambe iqhaza yingodla yokulondoloza, noma nanoma yimuphi okhethiwe one-akhawunti nobambe iqhaza, lowo okhethiwe ogcine amathuluzi okuhweba endaweni yesikhungo sokuhweba ngamasheya.
Ngemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo, ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba ingashaya imithetho yokulondoloza ngezinto ezingaphezulu kwalezo ezisohlwini esigatshaneni -2.
Umthetho wokulondoloza owenziwe ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba uyabophezela kwingodla yokulondoloza, kobambe iqhaza noma kohweba ngamathuluzi agcinwe kwingodla yokulondoloza, izikhulu, abasebenzi kanjalo namakhasimende.
Wonke amathuluzi okuhweba agcinwe yingodla yokulondoloza kufanele abhaliswe egameni lengodla yokulondoloza eyodwa noma engosini esingethwe yileyo ngodla njengoba ichazwe esigabeni- 1 soMthetho Wezinkampani we- 1973 ngaphandle uma kungamathuluzi ohlobo olungabhalwe mnini oqondile noma ebhaliswe ebhukwaneni ngokulandisa kwesigaba 91A soMthetho Wezinkampani we- 1973 futhi evunywe ngumlawuli-sikhungo.
dd imihlomulo eqondene namathuluzi okuhweba noma ee imihlomulo eqongeleke emathuluzini okuhweba.
b Indima a isebenza nasebhizinisini eliphethwe ngelinye njengencazelo yesigaba 1 yoMthetho Wezinkampani we- 1973 esibusa ingodla yokulondoloza noma obambe iqhaza.
Lapho kulondolozwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamathuluzi okuhweba kumuntu obambe iqhaza, kwingodla yokulondoloza noma inzalo yamathuluzi agcinwe ngobambe iqhaza, umuntu owayengumnini ngesikhathi elondolozwa noma ezala nguyena othola umhlomulo njengomunye wabanini bawo wonke amathuluzi ohlobo olufanayo alondolozwe kungodla yokulondoloza.
Maqondana namalungelo athile athinta amathuluzi okuhweba ngesikhathi elondolozwa kwingodla, lawo malungelo edlulela enzuzweni yalowo mnini oyingxenye nakunoma yimaphi amathuluzi adayiselwe lowo ongomunye wabanini.
Umhlomulo wabanini ababambisene, ikhasimende noma obambe iqhaza emathuluzini onke agcinwe kwingodla yokulondoloza, kuye ngesimo ngasinye, kufanele ubalwe ngokuqhathanisa nengxenye yesibalo noma yenani elibumbe inani eliphelele lamathuluzi alondolozwe egameni lomunye wabanini, lekhasimende noma lobambe iqhaza, lesi sibalo noma inani ligcine seliqhathaniswe nesibalo kanjalo nenani jikelele lohlobo olufanayo lwamathuluzi agcinwe yingodla yokulondoloza.
Umbiko obhaliwe okhishwe ngobambe iqhaza noma ibamba lakhe maqondana nomnini wamathuluzi okuhweba, ikhasimende noma ingodla yokulondoloza noma oyibambele ochaza umhlomulo walowo mnini, wekhasimende noma obambe iqhaza uwubufakazi obusobala bobunini noma bomhlomulo walowo muntu ophethe lawo mathuluzi okuhweba.
Ukwedlulisa umhlomulo osemathuluzini okuhweba agcinwe Yingodla yokulondoloza noma ngobambe iqhaza kufanele kwenziwe ngokubhala phansi esikhwameni samathuluzi okuhweba noma esikhwameni salowo owedlulisayo nothengayo esigcinwa yingodla yokulondoloza noma ngobambe iqhaza, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
a somuntu owenza isethembiso lapho eyobhala khona igama lomuntu onikwa isibambiso, uhlobo lomhlomulo anawo ethuluzini lesibambiso kanye nosuku lwesivumelwane; noma b salowo odluliselwa ithuluzi nencazelo yegama lonikwa ithuluzi, umhlomulo ethuluzini eledluliswayo kanye nosuku, kwehluke ngesimo ngasinye.
Lowo mhlomulo osethuluzini awedluliseki ngaphandle kwemvume ebhalwe ngumuntu onikwe wona noma onikwe ilungelo lawo.
Onikwe isibambiso noma odluliselwa ithuluzi lokuhweba unegunya lamalungelo onke empahla enyakazayo njengomuntu noma ilungelo lempahla enyakazayo ukuthola isikweletu.
Izigatshana -1, 2 no- 3 zisebenza nezinguquko ezifunywa yindikimba esibambisweni nasekwedluliseni ithuluzi ngenhloso yokuthola isikweletu, lapho obambe iqhaza edlulisela komunye umhlomulo osethuluzini lokuhweba eligcinwe yingodla yokulondoloza imali yemakethe esikhwameni esimiselwe lokhu.
Ngokulandela izigaba - 41 na- 43, umnini womhlomulo emathuluzini okuhweba agcinwe ngumuntu obambe iqhaza nabekwe kwingodla yokulondoloza uhlala ngaso sonke isikhathi enelungelo lokunikwa isitifiketi, noma ithuluzi elibhaliwe elikhomba isibalo samathuluzi okuhweba awalondolozile noma amathuluzi okuhweba kanye nenzalo esikhona kuwo esingethwe yilowo mnini noma ibamba lakhe, lokhu okushiwoyo kungenziwe ngemuva kwesicelo esibhaliwe, inqobo uma onikwa umlayelo ephiwa isikhathi esenele futhi uma esikhwameni salowo mnini ofake isicelo noma obambe iqhaza kungasali isikweletu ngenxa yezitifiketi ezidonsiwe, kuye ngokwehluka kwesimo.
Ishayisana naleyo yobambe iqhaza mayelana namathuluzi alondolozwe kwingodla ngobambe iqhaza, imibhalo yengodla yokulondoloza ithathwa njengenobuqiniso kuze kuvele ubufakazi obuphikisa lobo.
Wonke umuntu, akukhathalekile ukuthi yikhasimende noma ngobambe iqhaza, ofaka amathuluzi endaweni yokulondoloza, kuye ngesimo ngasinye uthathwa njengowenza isiqiniseko sokuthi lowo muntu unelungelo lokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba nokuthi yonke imibhalo noma imilayelo ephathelene nalawo mathuluzi, afakwe noma ethulwe yilowo muntu ayiqiniso futhi alunge ngayo yonke indlela nokuthi lowo muntu uthathwa njengovumile ukukhokha noma yiziphi izindleko zomuntu obambe iqhaza noma ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi eziwumphumela wokulondoloza noma wokwephula isivumelwane.
Ingodla yokulondoloza ayithathwa ngokuthi seyikhiphe isiqiniseko noma isinxephezelo esiphawulwe esigatshaneni -1.
Ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba ayiphoqiwe ukwazisa ubudlelwane bokwethembana noma ukuzenza igatsha lalabo ababambe iqhaza ngamathuluzi okuhweba.
b isithunywa senkantolo sesithathe isikhwama samathuluzi okuhweba ngesaziso esibhalwe ngumuntu obambe iqhaza noma ubufakazi obufungelwe obubhalwe nguye bokuthi nakuba ezame ngakho konke okusemandleni, isithunywa sehlulekile ukuthola lobo bufakazi, c isithunywa senkantolo sesibhalise esikhwameni sokuhweba yonke impahla edliwayo noma iphoqe obambe iqhaza ukuba enze kanjalo.
Ngemuva kokuveza isamanisi lokuqala eligunyaza ukudla impahla, isithunywa senkantolo singangena emagcekeni lapho kugcinwe khona isikhwama bese sibala inani nesibalo sempahla ezodliwa.
1 Imvume yenhlangano ezilawulayo kulesi Sahluko, ebizwa nge mvume iyophelelwa yisikhathi mhla ka -31 Disemba enyakeni ekhishelwe wona kodwa ingavuselelwa ngesicelo esifakwa kumlawuli-sikhungo.
c iphelezelwe yimininingwane engeziwe engase ifunwe ngumlawuli-sikhungo.
c ukulandela isinqumo esenziwa yisigungu sokwedlulisa amacala ngokulandisa kwesigaba -111, nalapho ukwehluleka okuchaziwe kululaza izinhloso zalo Mthetho ophawulwe esigabeni-2 noma kungase kuzivimbe.
a ukwedlulisa ibhizinisi lenhlangano ezilawulayo liye kwenye inhlangano efanayo; noma b ukusonga umsebenzi wenhlangano ezilawulayo ngokulandisa kwesigaba-107.
c inhlangano ezilawulayo ayisasebenzi noma yehlulekile ukuqala umsebenzi ngesikhathi esilindelwe ngemuva kokunikwa imvume yokusebenza; noma d umlawuli-sikhungo enelisiwe ukuthi isimo okwatholwa ngaso imvume samiselwe emangeni noma kwinkohliso.
a ukwedlulisa ibhizinisi lenhlangano ezilawulayo lidluliselwe enhlanganweni efanayo; noma b ukusonga umsebenzi wenhlangano ezilawulayo ngokulandisa koMthetho-107.
Inhlangano ezilawulayo engenawo amandla afana nomuntu ophilayo iyophenduka efana nomuntu kusukela osukwini enikwe ngalo imvume ngumlawuli-sikhungo, inhlangano enamandla afana nomuntu ikwazi ukuthola amalungelo nemisebenzi yokuthola, ubunini, ukufuna, ukuqasha, ukuqashisa nokwehlukanisa amafa nokwenza zonke izinto ezibalulekile ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yayo, inqobo uma ilandela imithetho yenhlangano.
Uma inhlangano ezilawulayo iqhuba elinye ibhizinisi elengeziwe kulelo elilawulwa noma elingaphansi kwalo Mthetho, ngenhloso yokunciphisa ubungozi, umlawuli-sikhungo angabeka imibandela okufanele ilandelwe mayelana nalelo bhizinisi.
Inhlangano ezilawulayo kodwa engabhalisiwe njengenkampani enamasheya ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinkampani we-1973 ingaguqulelwa enkampanini yamasheya ngemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo nokulandela imibandela enqunywe nguye..
Izikhungo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu , izingodla zokulondoloza amathuluzi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zingadibana noma kwedluliswe amafa noma izikweletu zesikhungo noma ingodla yokulondoloza zifakwe ngaphansi kwenye noma igwinywe ngesinye sezikhungo zokuhweba noma izingodla zokulondoloza, kuye ngesimo ngasinye, inqobo uma umlawuli-sikhungo evumile futhi kulandelwe imibandela ayinqumile.
e Noma isiphi isikweletu, ilungelo, isibophezelo, umsebenzi osalele ngemuva womuntu oyingxenye esebenzela inhlangano noma okweletwa yisisebenzi senhlangano kuphoqelekile ukuba uqedelwe yinhlangano esibumbene egwinye amafa nezikweletu zenhlangano endala, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Ilunga ngalinye lesigungu esilawula inhlangano ezilawulayo linesibophezelo sokwethembeka nomsebenzi wokusebenza ngokucophelela kanjalo nokukhombisa ikhono enhlanganweni ezilawulayo.
Umuntu omukela isikhundla kodwa ephule isigatshana-1 wephula umthetho futhi engahlawuliswa noma aboshwe isikhathi esingevile eminyakeni emibili noma athole inhlawulo nokuboshwa.
a ngaphandle kokwenza uphenyo olwenele ukuthola ukuthi lelo lunga liwufanele yini umsebenzi ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 1 noma b liqashe ilunga liqonda kahle ukuthi aliwufanele umsebenzi umlawuli-sikhungo angahlawulisa inhlangano ezilawulayo imali engevile e-R50 000.
Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 liqashiwe ilunga elisha lesigungu sokulawula, inhlangano ezilawulayo kufanele yazise umlawuli-sikhungo ngalesi senzo, imnike nemininingwane ayidingayo ngalolu daba.
Imibandela yesigatshana-4 akufanele ithathwe sengathi ilunga lesigungu sokulawula enhlanganweni ezilawulayo liyoqashwa ngemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo.
uma kuhlaluka kumlawuli-sikhungo ukuthi ilunga ladingiswa noma aliwufanele lo msebenzi ngokwesigaba-1, ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 7, umlawuli-sikhungo angalayela inhlangano ezilawulayo ukuba isuse lelo lunga esigungwini sokulawula inhlangano.
c uyofuna enhlanganweni ezilawulayo naselungeni elithintekayo ukuba liveze ukuthi kungani ungafanele ukukhishwa umlayelo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14.
Uma umlawuli-sikhungo etshele inhlangano ezilawulayo ukuba isuse ilunga esigungwini sokulawula, inhlangano kufanele ilisuse lelo lunga zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 futhi kufanele iqiniseke ukuthi lowo muntu okukhulunywa ngaye akahlangani nhlobo, ngendlela eqondile noma ethile nokuphatha noma ukubamba iqhaza ekuphatheni inhlangano ezilawulayo.
Uma inhlangano ezilawulayo yehluleka ukuhambisana nesigatshana 8, ngalokho kwehluleka, umlawuli-sikhungo angahlawulisa inhlangano imali engevile ku R5 000 usuku ngalunye eqhubeka ngalo nokwehluleka.
Isigaba 952, 3 no 4 nezinguquko ezidingwa yingqikithi zihambisana nenhlawulo enqunywe yizigatshana -3 no 9.
esiyibhizinisi elibhaliswe ngaphansi koMthetho Wamabhizinisi Azishaya sankampani ka 1984 Umthetho uNo.
sichaza isikhwama esilawulwa noma esiphethwe yiso.
okunqanda umuntu ekuqashweni njengomqondisi ngaphandle kwemvume yomunye umuntu..
Ngokulandela lesigaba, akekho umuntu ongathola noma agcine amasheya noma umhlomulo othile enhlanganweni ezilawulayo, eyinkampani noma ibhizinisi elizishaya sankampani, uma lokho kuthenga noma ukugcina kunomphumela wokuba lowo muntu ngayedwa noma nomngane wakhe bagcine ngokulawula inhlangano ezibusayo, isimo esinjena ngeke sivunywe ngaphandle kwemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo.
Ngaphandle kwemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo, akekho umuntu oyolawula noma athenge amasheya enhlanganweni ezilawulayo neyinkampani noma ibhizinisi elizishaya sankampani uma inani eliphelele lalawo masheya elithengwe yilowo muntu noma yena nomngane wakhe lingaphezulu kwamaphesenti ayi-15 enani jikelele lenhlangano ezilawulayo okukhulunywa ngayo.
i ayinani elithile; noma ii isikhathi esithile esilindelwe, esingedlule ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezinqunywe ngumlawuli-sikhungo.
b sokunciphisa ngokushesha amalungelo okuvota ahambisana nenani noma nesibalo samasheya asithengile ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye yamasheya akhe imnika ilungelo lokuvota eledlule emaphesentini ayi-15.
Inhlangano ezilawulayo ingabela abanye amandla noma inike imisebenzi ejutshelwe yona yilo Mthetho noma eminye, kumuntu noma ethimbeni labantu noma ekomidini elemukelwe yisigungu esilawula inhlangano ezilawulayo, noma eziko lenhlangano ezilawulayo, inqobo uma ilandela imigomo enqunywe yinhlangano ezilawulayo.
Umlawuli-sikhungo angehlisela amandla noma enze eminye imisebenzi enikwe yena yilo Mthetho, inqobo uma elandela imigomo ebekwe ngumlawuli-sikhungo.
Inhlangano ezilawulayo noma umlawuli-sikhungo akaphunyikile ekwenzeni umsebenzi wakhe awedlulisele komunye umuntu esigatshaneni- 1 ne- 2, kanti uma sikhona isidingo angafaka isaziso sokuhoxisa lawo mandla noma umsebenzi odluliselwe amandla noma ngasiphi isikhathi uma ebona kufanele, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Zingakapheli izinyanga ezine ngemuva kokuphela konyaka wezimali wenhlangano ezilawulayo, kufanele yethule kumlawuli-sikhungo umbiko wonyaka onemininingwane ebekwe nguye nezincwadi zomsebenzi ezicutshungulwe ngumcwaningi-mabhuku ezibonisa ukuthi izindaba nesimo senhlangano siphethwe ngendlela efanele futhi siveza ubuqiniso bayo ngempela.
Umlawuli-sikhungo noma umuntu oqokwe esikhundleni sakhe angahambela noma yimiphi imihlangano yesigungu esilawula inhlangano ezilawulayo noma ikomidi lokulawula futhi angabamba iqhaza kuyo yonke into eqhubekayo kulowo mhlangano ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuvota.
Inhlangano ezilawulayo kufanele inike umlawuli-sikhungo zonke izaziso, amaminithi nemibhalo enikwa amalunga esigungu sokulawula enhlanganweni ezilawulayo noma ikomidi lesigungu sokulawula, ngendlela efana nokuthi umlawuli-sikhungo uyilunga laleso sigungu noma ikomidi.
Kulesi sigaba "imithetho" ichaza imithetho yesikhungo sokuhweba ngamasheya nengodla yokulondoloza izimali zemakethe.
Ngemuva kokukhipha imvume yenhlangano ezilawulayo, umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele adalule ngokushesha imithetho eyenziwe yileyo nhlangano ngokuyishicilela kuGazethe ngezindleko eziyokhokhwa yinhlangano ethintekayo.
a Ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba, inhlangano ezilawulayo ingachibiyela noma immise imithetho yayo.
b Ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba, umlawuli-sikhungo angachibiyela noma ashaye umthetho wesikhashana.
Isichibiyelo esihlongozwayo ngaphandle kokummisa semithetho kufanele sethulwe kumlawuli-sikhungo ngenhloso yokwemukelwa futhi kummele siphelezelwe yincazelo yezizathu zesichibiyelo esiphakanyiswayo.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola isichibiyelo esihlongozwayo, umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele adalule ushintsho ngokushicilela kuGazethe lolo guquko ngezindleko eziyokhokhwa yinhlangano ezilawulayo, isaziso siyohlaba ikhwelo kubantu abanogqozi abafuna ukuphikisa ushintsho, abaphikisayo bayofaka izikhalo zabo kumlawuli-sikhungo zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 kusukela osukwini okuphuma ngalo isaziso.
Uma zingekho izicelo zokuphikisa noma umlawuli-sikhungo esezicubungulile lezo zicelo ngemuva kokubonisana nenhlangano ezilawulayo futhi esenqume ukulwemukela uguquko oluphakanyiswayo nolushicilelwe kuGazethe ngokwesigatshana 5, isichibiyelo siqala ukusebenza ngosuku oluyonqunywa ngumlawuli-sikhungo ngesaziso esiyokhishwa kuGazethe.
Uma umlawuli-sikhungo enquma ukuchibiyela imithetho ehlongozwayo njengoba ishicilelwe kuGazethe ngokulandisa kwesigatshana -5, leyo mithetho ephakanyisiwe nesichitshiyelwe kufanele ishicilelwe ngumlawuli-sikhungo kuGazethe bese iqala ukusebenza ngosuku olunqunywe ngumlawuli-sikhungo ngesaziso seGazethe, lokhu uyokwenza esebonisene nenhlangano ezilawulayo kulandela isicelo sokuphikisa isichibiyelo.
c ngemuva kokuthola imvume kaNgqongqoshe.
a Ngokuthola imvume yomlawuli-sikhungo, inhlangano ezilawulayo ingammisa noma yimuphi umthetho waleyo nhlangano isikhathi esingevile ezinsukuni ezingu 30 ngemuva kokukhipha kuGazethe isaziso esihlongozwayo sokumisa.
b Ngesikhathi imisiwe, umlawuli-sikhungo engashaya umthetho wesikhashana ngesaziso kuGazethe ngenhloso yokulawula udaba olusematheni.
c Noma yikuphi ukuphambana nomthetho wesikhashana noma ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nawo kufana nokwephula umthetho noma ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nomthetho.
inhlangano ezilawulayo noma umuntu odluliselwe amandla okuthatha izinqumo zokuqondisa izigwegwe angaguqula noma abuyekeze isinqumo senhlawulo esikhishwe phambilini kodwa ngeke ayenyuse inhlawulo idlule enqunye phambilini, lokhu uyokwenza uma kunesizathu esiqinile futhi elandela imigudu ebekiwe yokuguqula isinqumo.
Uma umuntu ehluleka ukukhokha inhlawulo noma isinxephezelo esiphawulwe esigatshaneni -10a, inhlangano ezilawulayo ingenza umbiko ofungelwe kumabhalane wenkantolo enamandla alokhu noma kumlawuli-sikhungo oyochaza inani lenhlawulo noma isinxephezelo, lowo mbiko unamandla afanayo nesinqumo senkantolo sokukhokhisa lowo muntu okweleta inhlangano ezilawulayo leyo mali ebhalwe kuwo.
Lesi sigaba asidungi amalungelo omthetho ojwayelekile omuntu ohlukunyezwe wukwephulwa komthetho noma wokwehluleka ukuhambisana nawo lapho efuna khona imali yesinxephezelo, ngaphandle kwesimo lapho leyo mali seyaqoqwa ngaphansi kwesigatshana 1.
Imithetho kufanele ichaze inhloso yokwaba inhlawulo njengoba iphawulwe esigatshaneni 1.
b ogunyazelwe ukusebenza noma obambe iqhaza, lapho eqhube khona noma yimuphi omunye wemisebenzi ngokwethembeka noma ngobudedengu ngaphansi noma kulo Mthetho, imibandela yokubhalisa emakethe yezimali noma imithetho noma imilayelo yenhlangano ezilawulayo.
Ngale kwemibandela ephikisayo kunoma yimuphi umthetho, inhlangano ezilawulayo ingadalula imininingwane ephathelene noma esukela emisebenzini yayo maqondana nenye inhlangano ezilawulayo noma umkhandlu owengamele, akukhathalekile ukuthi ingaphakathi ezweni noma emazweni angaphandle, inqobo nje uma lokho okudaluliwe kuyothuthukisa izinhloso zalo Mthetho eziphawulwe esigabeni -2.
Umuntu angafaka isicelo semvume yendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana ngamasheya kumlawuli-sikhungo.
ngolunye ulwazi olungacatshangwa ngumlawuli-sikhungo njengolubalulekile.
Umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele akhiphe emaphephandabeni amabili kazwelonke isaziso sesicelo maqondana nomnyango wokwesula nokukhokhela amathuluzi adayisiwe, izindleko ziyokhokhwa yilowo ofake isicelo.
b Ubude besikhathi okungafakwa ngaso isikhalo sokuphikisa isicelo kumlawuli-sikhungo.
d ukugcina inqubo yokuphepha nokulondoloza imibhalo ngenhloso yokugcina isimo semibhalo nemigidi yokudayiselana iphephile.
Umlawuli-sikhungo anganquma ngokugcwele noma iyiphi imibandela ephawulwe isigatshaneni -1 a, c no d.
b ukukhipha imvume yendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya nokukhokhela imigidi yokudayiselana kudlondlobalisa izinhloso zalo Mthetho eziphawulwe esigabeni -2.
Indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya nokukhokhela imigidi yokudayiselana kufanele ichaze ukuthi lendlu ingasebenza yini ukwesula nokubhala emabhukwini nokukhokhela imigidi yokudayiselana, noma okukodwa kwalokhu, inhloko-hhovisi ezinze eNingizimu Afrika nezindawo lapho iyosebenza khona nombandela wokuthi lendlu ngeke isebetshenziswe kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo.
Noma nini, indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya nokukhokhela imigidi yokudayiselana ingafaka isicelo sokuchibiyela imigomo nemibandela okwakhishwa ngayo imvume yokusebenza kumlawuli-sikhungo.
Izigaba -49, 50 no- 51 zisebenza nezinguquko ezifunywa yindikimba ephawula ngokuphela kwesikhathi semvume, ukuvuselela, ukwenqaba ukuvuselela, ukuhoxisa noma ukumisa imvume yendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya.
Isigaba- 62 sisebenza nezinguquko ezidingwa yindikimba yendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya.
Izindlu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zingahlangana, zibumbane noma zedlulisele kwenye indlu amafa noma izikweletu noma zidliwe ngenye indlu ngemvume yomlawuli-sikhungo ngaphansi kwemibandela enqunywe nguye.
Isigaba -54 sisebenza nezinguquko ezidingwa yindikimba yokuhlangana noma yokwedlulisa ephawulwe esigatshaneni 1.
Umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele anqume inqubo yokuziphatha yalabo abanegunya lokusebenza.
Inqubo yokuziphatha iyisibophezelo kulabo abanegunya lokusebenza, izikhulu nabasebenzi kanye namakhasimende.
e ukusebenza ngobuqotho kwisimo sezifiso ezishayisanayo.
f noma yiluphi udaba olubalulekile noma oluphuthumayo okufanele lusingathwe ngaphansi kwenqubo yokuziphatha ngenhloso yokufeza izinhloso zalo Mthetho.
c Ibhange-Ngodla lanoma yiliphi izwe noma umbuso ongaphandle kweNingizimu Afrika, kodwa elingahlanganene neKhomishani Yokutshala Izimali eMphakathini esungulwe yisigaba -2 soMthetho Wokutshala Izimali eMphakathini we-1984 Umthetho uNo.
inkantolo yesifunda ichaza inkantolo esungulelwe iziko lesifunda ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinkantolo zeziMantshi ka 1944 Umthetho uNo.
imakethe elawulwayo ichaza imakethe, kungaba ngeyasekhaya noma yakwamanye amazwe elawulwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yezwe lapho imakethe iqhuba khona ibhizinisi njengomhwebi wasemakethe odayisa amathuluzi abhalisiwe okuhweba emakethe yezimali.
Umuntu wangaphakathi owaziyo ukuthi unolwazi lwangaphakathi nohweba ngqo noma ngandlela thize ngamathuluzi okuhweba noma othuma omunye umuntu ngalawo mathuluzi abhaliswe emakethe elawulwayo nopotshoza ulwazi ngawo noma okungenzeka athinteke ngalolo lwazi, wephula umthetho.
uphenduke umuntu wangaphakathi ngemuva kokuba enike umlayelo wokuhweba umuntu onegunya lokusebenza nalapho umlayelo ungazange uguqulwe nhlobo ngemuva kokusebenza ngaphakathi.
a Umuntu wangaphakathi owaziyo ukuthi unolwazi futhi osebenzela ngqo noma ngandlela thize omunye umuntu onamathuluzi okuhweba abhaliswe emakethe elawulwayo nopotshoza ulwazi lwangaphakathi noma okungaphazamisa imakethe, wephula umthetho.
uphenduke umuntu wangaphakathi ngemuva kokukhipha umyalelo wokuhweba kogunyaziwe nokuthi lowo myalelo awuzange uguquke ngemuva kokusebenza ngaphakathi.
a Umuntu wangaphakathi owaziyo ukuthi unolwazi lwangaphakathi noludalulela omunye umuntu, uyobe wephula umthetho.
b Ngaphandle kwendima a, umuntu wangaphakathi akanalo icala njengoba isho lendima uma lowo muntu wangaphakathi eveza ubufakazi obunezinkomba eziqinile zokuthi wadalula ulwazi lwangaphakathi ngesikhathi eqhuba umsebenzi wakhe ojwajelekile ngesikhathi eqashiwe, esehhovisi noma ngokwesikhundla sakhe futhi evuma ukuthi lolo lwazi lwaluyimfihlo yangaphakathi.
Umuntu wangaphakathi owaziyo ukuthi unolwazi lwangaphakathi nokhuthaza noma ofaka umoya komunye noma odikibalisa noma omisa omunye umuntu ekuhwebeni ngamathuluzi athile abhaliswe emakethe yezimali noma lawo mathuluzi angase athinteke, wephula umthetho.
luhlanganisa odayisa ithuluzi nolwazi; noma d Uma ulwazi lutholwe emininingwaneni evezwe emphakathini.
b lwedluliswa kuphela ngemuva kokukhokha imali; noma c lushicilelwe kuphela ngaphandle kwemingcele yaseNingizimu Afrika.
b ofaka isicelo sokuthenga noma sokudayisa amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali abhalisiwe awaziyo ukuthi uma kungenzeka siphumelela siyoba nomthelela ophawulwe endimeni a.
Umuntu ophambana nesigatshana -1 wephula umthetho.
Inqobo uma ukusebenzisa amalinge okusimamisa intengo elawulwa ngokwemibandela yemithetho noma yokubhalisa esikhungweni semakethe yamasheya engaholeli kwinqubo eyengayo, engalungile, engamanga noma eyinkohliso ngokwenhloso yalesi sigaba noma ngolwazi lwangaphakathi okuchazwe yisigaba 73 no 77.
Ngokwenhloso yesigatshana -3a, ukuthenga noma ukudayisa amathuluzi okuhweba abhaliswe emakethe yamathuluzi ezimali akubandakanyi uguquko ebuninini uma umuntu obenomhlomulo kulawo mathuluzi ngaphambi kokuthenga noma kokudayisa engumuntu onobuhlobo nomnikazi wamathuluzi ngendlela eqondile noma enye futhi eba nomhlomulo othile ngemuva komcimbi wokuthenga noma wokudayiswa kwethuluzi.
a noma yimuphi umbiko, isethembiso noma isibikezelo esinezinkomba zokuthi ngesikhathi wenziwa nangaphansi kwezimo ezikhona ongamanga, odukisayo noma oyinkokhiso noma ophendukezela amaqiniso nowaziwa kahle ngumuntu owukhiphayo ukuthi awunabo ubuqiniso, uyedukisa noma uyinkohliso; noma b yimuphi umbiko, isethembiso noma isibikezelo esishiya ngaphandle iqiniso elibalulekile ngamabomu kube kunomuntu owaziwa ngokushiywa ngaphandle kweqiniso, okunomthelela wokuthi umbiko, isethembiso noma isibikezelo sibe ngamanga, sidukise noma sibe nenkohliso ngesizathu sokushiywa ngaphandle kwalelo qiniso.
Umuntu ophambana nesigatshana- 1, wephula umthetho.
v izindleko zecala eziwumthamo onganqunywa yinkantolo.
izindleko zecala eziwumthamo onqunywe yinkantolo.
v izindleko zecala eziwumthamo onganqunywa yinkantolo.
e izindleko zecala eziwumthamo onganqunywa yinkantolo.
Uma lowo muntu ophawulwe esigatshaneni -2, 3 no 4 ebekwa icala njengomuntu wangaphakathi oqagulwe esigatshaneni 1, ohweba ngolwazi lwangaphakathi ochazwe kwizigatshana -2, 3 no -4, uyobekwa icala kanye nalowo muntu lapho eyokhokhiswa khona isamba esibekwe esigatshaneni- 2i, iii no v, 3i, iii no v noma -4a, c no d, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Inzuzo eyenziwe noma inzuzo ebingenziwa ngamathuluzi okuhweba abhalisiwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi noma ukulahlekelwa obekungagwenywa iyonqunywa yinkantolo ngokubona kwayo ngemuva kokubhekela izimo okuqhutshwe ngazo uhwebo njengoba ziphawulwe esigatshaneni -2, 3 no 4, ubude besikhathi phakathi komgidi wokuhweba nokushicilela ulwazi lwangaphakathi nemanye amaphuzu athintekayo.
c Yonke imali engakhokhwanga ngokuchaza kwendima b, ingena esikhwameni sesigungu.
esigamekweni lapho ulwazi lwangaphakathi ludalulwe emphakathini zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu zokuhweba kusukela ngesikhathi umuntu wangaphakathi ophawulwe ezigatshaneni- 1 no 2 noma omunye umuntu oqagulwe ezigatshaneni -3 no- 4 behwebe ngamathuluzi afanayo noma ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngasiphi ngemuva kokuba umuntu wangaphakathi noma omunye ehwebile, ngaphambi kokuba lolo lwazi ludalulelwe emphakathini; noma iii kuzo zonke izigameko bahweba ngethuluzi elifanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngasiphi isikhathi emuva kwalolo suku olufanayo njengomuntu wangaphakathi noma omunye oqondwe endinyaneni ii.
a esilingana naleso esiwumehluko phakathi kwentengo okwahweba ngayo ofake isicelo nentengo enqunywe yinkantolo noma okuvunyelwene ngayo nokuyintengo efana naleyo eyayingatholakala uma ulwazi lwangaphakathi lwalushicilelwe ngesikhathi sokudayiselana;.
b esilingana nengxenyana ethile yensalela eqondiswe esigatshaneni -7b, esibalwa ngokobudlelwane obuncike kwisamba esihlonzwe endimeni a, lesi yisamba esihambisana naleso esinobufakazi ngokulandisa kwesigatshana -8 yilowo ofake isicelo sesinxephezelo, kuyoba yisamba esincane kunesinye lapho kuqhathaniswa, ngaphandle uma isikhulu sezinxephezelo sinquma ngokwaso ukuthi ofake isicelo kufanele athole imali encane noma angatholi lutho.
Isamba esikhishwe ngale nqubo ehlonzwe esigabeni- 85 kufanele sidonswe kunoma iyiphi imali efunwe ngokwalesi sigaba.
Inkambiso yomthetho ovamile yesibophezelo sesikweletu iyasebenza emthethweni wokunxeshezelwa osungulwe yilesi sigaba.
Ingosi ingahoxisa, ilaxaze noma ibekezele inqubo yokuthatha izinyathelo zomthetho eziqalwa ngokulandisa kwesigaba- 77 kodwa isivumelwane sokubekezela kufanele senziwe ngaphansi kwesinqumo senkantolo kanjalo nanoma iyiphi inkokhelo eyenziwe ngaleyo ndlela kufanele idalulwe emphakathini.
Ngesicelo sasenkantolo esenziwa yisigungu ngemuva kokwaziswa okufanele kwamathimba athintekayo, lapho kungafakwananga khona enkantolo, noma yisiphi isivumelwane sokubekezela singathathwa njengesinqumo senkantolo kanti amathimba athintekayo kwisivumelwano nasemalini yanoma iyiphi inkokhelo ehlangene nesivumelwane kufanele kwaziswe umphakathi.
Inkantolo Ephakeme noma yeSifunda kuphela enamandla okuqula icala noma yisiphi isenzo sokwephula umthetho esiphawulwe esigabeni -73 no- 76 nokukhokhisa inhlawulo ephezulu kakhulu enqunywe esigabeni -115(a).
Ngokwenhloso yesigatshana- 1 nezigaba -77 no -81, inkantolo enamandla okulawula nefanele ihlanganisa leyo nkantolo enamandla okuzinze kuyo imakethe elawulwayo noma lapho kukanise khona inhloko-hhovisi noma lapho kwaqhubeka khona umsebenzi othile noma ukwephulwa komthetho.
Ekuhlaziyeni noma iyiphi inhlawulo echazwe esigabeni -115(a), inkantolo kufanele ibhekele zonke izinqumo ezike zakhishwa esikhathini esedlule ngaphansi kwesigaba -77 ezivela ngaphansi kwesimo esifanayo.
Ekuhlaziyeni noma yisiphi isinqumo esikhishwe ngaphansi kwesigaba -77, inkantolo kufanele ibhekele noma iyiphi inhlawulo evela ngaphansi kwesimo esifanayo eyakhishwa esikhathini esedlule ngaphansi kwesigaba -115a.
Ngemuva kwesicelo esifakwa yisigungu, inkantolo inganquma ukudla amafa noma ivimbele ukufihlwa, ukususwa, ukulinyazwa nokushabalaliswa kwempahla.
Isigungu singafaka isicelo sokuvimbela noma sokwenqabela umuntu othile owenze inzuzo noma ogweme ukulahlekelwa noma lowo obonwa yisigungu njengomuntu ohlomulile noma ogweme ukulahlekelwa ngendlela ephawulwe esigabeni -77.
Lezi zinyathelo zingahlanganisa ukuthola isinqumo sokuvimbela ukudayiswa kwamafa nokulahlwa kobufakazi.
a singaphenya noma yiluphi udaba oluphathelene nokwephula umthetho okuphawulwe esigabeni -73, 75 no 76 kuhlangene nokuhweba ngolwazi lwangaphakathi ngokulandisa kwesigaba- 440F soMthetho weziNkampani we- 1973 kanjalo noMthetho wokuHweba ngoLwazi Lwangaphakathi ka 1998 Umthetho uNo.
h ngemuva kokubonisana nezimakethe ezilawulwayo ezifanele zaseNingizimu Afrika kufanele lezo zimakethe zisebenzise izinhlelo njengoba isidingo silawula ukuze kube lula ukuqapha nokuqagula izimo zokuphazanyiswa kwalesi Sahluko.
a Incwadi yemvume ehlonzwe esigatshaneni -2f ingakhishwa ngesicelo sesigungu, sejaji noma semantshi enamandla endaweni okukanise kuyo amagceke athintekayo..
b Leyo ncwadi yemvume ingakhishwa kuphela uma kucaca elwazini olufungelwe ukuthi asikho isizathu sokukholwa ukuthi umbhalo ophathelene nodaba oluphenywayo ngaphansi kwesigatshana- 2a ugcinwe kulawo magceke athintekayo.
c Noma yimuphi umuntu obanjelwe umbhalo ngaphansi kwesigatshana -2f noma isithunywa sakhe esigunyiwe, unelungelo lokuhlola lowo mbhalo futhi akhiphe izingxenyana ezithile zawo ngaphansi kweso lesigungu ngezikhathi zomsebenzi zehhovisi lesigungu.
ukuphendula ngokugcwele nangokwenelisayo noma yimuphi umbuzo abuzwa wona ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwesigatshana (e); noma v ukwethula ulwazi noma ukukhipha umbhalo ngokwesigatshana 2d wenza icala futhi ufanele ukuboshwa akhokhiswe inhlawulo noma avalelwe ejele isikhathi esingevile iminyaka emibili noma kokubili inhlawulo nokuboshwa.
Ngokulandela imibandela engase inqunywe, isigungu singedlulisela kwabanye amandla okuphenya izinsolo ezithile zokwephula umthetho walesi Sahluko kunoma ngubani onamandla, bese lowo muntu egidlabezwa amandla abekwe esigatshaneni -2d, e no (f).
Isigungu kufanele siqikelele ukuthi isaziso sesiphakamiso noma isichibiyelo somthetho wokuxhaphaza imakethe sishicilelwa kwiGazethe esibiza bonke abathintekayo abanesifiso sokuphikisa ukuba benze njalo zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 kusukela osukwini lokushicilelwa kwesaziso.
Uma zingekho izicelo zokuphikisa noma uma isigungu sesicubungule zonke izicelo zokuphikisa sase sinquma ukuqalisa noma ukuchibiyela umthetho ophakanyiswayo ngohlobo olushiciyelwe kwiGazethe ngokwesigatshana -6, umthetho noma isichibiyelo siyokhangiswa yisigungu ngesaziso seGazethe, usuku lokuqala komthetho luyonqunywa yisigungu.
Ngemuva kokucubungula izicelo zokuphikisa, sekuboniswene neziko, isigungu sesinqume ukuchibiyela noma ukuguqula umthetho ophakanyiswayo njengoba ushicilelwe kwiGazethe, ngencazelo yesigatshana -6, umthetho ophakanyiswayo noma oguquliwe kufanele ushicilelwe yisigungu kwiGazethe bese uqala ukusebenza ngosuku olunqunywe yisigungu, lolu suku kufanele lwaziswe ngesaziso seGazethe.
Umthetho oshaywe ngaphansi kwesigatshana -2 uyabophezela ebantwini abalawulwayo nasemalungeni omphakathi.
Uma Umqondisi wokuShushisa Imisebenzi yoMphakathi ehluleka ukushushisa isenzo esisolwayo ngaphansi kwalesi Sahluko, isigungu singashushisa lesi senzo kunoma iyiphi inkantolo efanele ngenhloso yokushushisa lelo cala, isigaba -8 no- 3 soMthetho weNqubo Elawula Ubugebengu we-1977 Umthetho uNo. 51 ka 1977 asisebenzi kulokhu kushushisa.
Uma sithola isicelo seziko, isigungu singaphenya noma yiluphi udaba futhi sibizele phambi kwaso noma yimuphi umuntu ngenhloso yokumphenya kabanzi ngodaba oluqondwe esigatshaneni - 2a, d no e.
Lwangaphakathi we- 1998 lisaqhubeka nakuba lowo Mthetho uchithwe yisigaba- 117.
b Kusuka ngosuku okuqala ngalo loMthetho , Iziko lokuHweba Ngolwazi Lwangaphakathi okuqondiswe kulo endimeni a lwaziwa ngokuthi yiZiko lokuLawula Ukuxhashazwa kweMakethe, konke okuphawulwe emithethweni kufanele kuthathwe ngokuthi kuqondwe iZiko lokuLawula Ukuxhashazwa kweMakethe, ngaphandle uma kucaca ukuthi akufanele.
ahlonzwe esigabeni 822d, e no f egameni lesigungu.
d Iziko aliqondile ukusebenza njengesigungu sokuphatha lapho lisebenzisa amandla aqondwe endimeni-c.
linike isigungu noNgqongqoshe imibhalo efanayo nemiqulu yokuqhubeka nophenyo lweziko efunwa yisigungu noma nguNgqongqoshe.
a Iziko libunjwe ngusihlalo namanye amalunga kanjalo nalawo abambile aqokwe nguNgqongqoshe.
b Ilunga noma ibamba lihlala esikhundleni isikhathi ezingedluli eminyakeni emithathu, kuye ngokunquma koNgqongqoshe ngesikhathi liqokwa futhi linelungelo lokuqokwa kabusha ekupheleni kwesikhathi esibekiwe; uma ovele esesikhundleni engaqokwa kabusha noma lingaqashwa ilunga elisha, lowo omdala angahlala ehhovisi isikhathi esengeziwe kodwa esingedluli ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
c Ungqongqoshe angasusa usihlalo ehhovisi lokuphatha noma aqede ubulunga banoma yiliphi ilunga uma kunesizathu esihle salokho, lesi sinyathelo siyothathwa ngemuva kokunika usihlalo noma elinye ilunga ithuba elenele lokuveza ubufakazi noma ukuzivikela ukuthi kungani singafanele isinyathelo sokususa noma sokumisa ubulunga.
j abantu ababili abanolwazi olunzulu olufanele namabamba abo.
Abantu okuqondiswe kubo esigatshaneni-3 baqokwa ngesizathu sokutholakala kwabo nolwazi lwemakethe yezimali, akudingekile ukuba baze bagunyazelwe ukusebenza kule mboni.
Iziko kufanele liqoke emalungeni alo oyedwa noma ababili njengamalunga okwengezela eziko.
Amalunga eziko anganxenxa umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu njengamalunga okwengezela eziko.
Onke amalunga eziko, ngaphandle kwalawo okwengezela anevoti elilodwa odabeni oludingidwa yiziko kodwa ilunga eliyibamba linezwi lokuvota kuphela uma ilunga eligcwele nelimmelwe lingekho emhlanganweni.
Imihlangano yeziko ibanjwa ngezikhathi nendawo enqunywe ngusihlalo kodwa amalunga amane eziko analo igunya lokuphoqa usihlalo ukuba abize umhlangano weziko zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zamalanga okusebenza. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokukhipha isaziso esibhaliwe esiqondiswe kusihlalo.
Usihlalo kufanele anqume inqubo yomhlangano weziko.
Isinqumo seningi lamalunga eziko siyothathwa njengesinqumo seziko.
Azikho izinyathelo zeziko eziyothathwa njengamampunge ngesizathu sokuthi kwakukhona isikhala somuntu eziko noma elinye lamalunga lalingekho ngesikhathi kuqhubeka umhlangano noma kuthathwa isinqumo.
Ekwenzeni imisebenzi yayo, iziko lisizwa ngumqondisi ophakeme oqokwe yisigungu ngemuva kokubonisana neziko, lomqondisi angahambela imihlangano yeziko kodwa akanagunya lokuvota kulowo mhlangano.
Izindleko zokuqhuba umsebenzi wesigungu naleyo yeziko elawulwa yilesi Sahluko ithathwa emalini ephoqwe yisigungu ezikhungweni ngaphansi kwesigaba -15A soMthetho Wemisebenzi Yezimali we-1990.
Akukho lutho kulesi Sahluko okubeka engcupheni amalungelo amile anoma ngubani ohlukumezekile ngesenzo sohwebo noma sokwephula umthetho okuhlonzwe kulesi Sahluko sokufuna isinxephezelo semali engafinyeleli kuleyo eqoqwe yilowo muntu ohlukumezile noma ophule umthetho njengoba isigaba -77 silandisa.
Ngaphansi kwesigatshana - no - , akekho umuntu ongadalulela omunye ulwazi aluthole ngomsebenzi awenzayo, ngencazelo yalesi Sahluko.
Noma ngubani ophambana nesigatshana- 1 wephula umthetho futhi angalahlwa yicala bese ehlawuliswa noma adonse isigwebo esingevile eminyakeni emibili noma athole isigwebo senhlawulo nokudonsa iminyaka ejele.
e yingosi uma lokho kuhlomulisa umphakathi; noma f yingosi, ngokushicilela isimo nomphumela wophenyo ngaphansi kwalesi Sahluko.
Ingosi ingashiyelana ulwazi lwanoma yiluphi udaba olungaphansi kwalesi Sahluko nezinye izikhungo eziqokele engosini abantu, Umkhandlu Olawula Amathuluzi Okuhweba Emakethe yezimali ebunjwe yisigaba - 440B soMthetho Wezinkampani we- 1973, Ibhange-ngodla laseNingizimu Afrika, Isigungu Sabacwaningi-mabhuku Nababunguli bawo saseNingizimu Afrika esibunjwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wabacwaningi-mabhuku Nabacubunguli bawo we-1991, zonke izinhlangano ezizilawulayo, Isikhungo Sobunhloli Bezimali esisungulwe wuMthetho Wesikhungo Sobunhloli Bezimali we-2001 Umthetho uNo. 38 we- 2001, Umnyango kaZwelonke Olawula Izimali, uNgqongqoshe weziMali nabanye abantu abanesibophezelo sokulawula, ukuphenya noma ukushushisa uhwebo ngolwazi lwangaphakathi, imikhuba engavumelekile nokunye ukuthunaza imakethe, akukhathalekile ukuthi baseNingizimu Afrika noma kwamanye amazwe.
noMthetho wokuHweba Ngolwazi Lwangaphakathi sesichithiwe, isigungu sinesibophezelo sokuphenya zonke izenzo zokwephula umthetho ngokwalesi sigaba kanjalo nomthetho wakamuva, lezo yizenzo zangaphambi kokuchithwa komthetho, ngakho sinamandla nemisebenzi ephawulwe yisigaba -82.
Umkhandlu Olawula Amathuluzi Okuhweba Emakethe yezimali obunjwe ngaphansi kwesigaba -440B soMthetho Wezinkampani we- 1973 kufanele udalulele isigungu lonke ulwazi onalo mayelana nesenzo esiphambene esiphawulwe kulesi Sahluko.
Isigungu singadalula ulwazi olutholwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana- 2 kunoma yisiphi isikhungo noma abantu abachazwe esigatshaneni- 863.
Umuntu olawulwayo kufanele aqoke futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi abe nomcwaningi-mabhuku osasebenza kulo mkhakha kodwa ongenaqhaza eliqondile noma ngandlela thize lezimali ebhizinisini aqashwe kulo njengomcwaningi-mabhuku.
Ayikho inkampani noma ibhizinisi labacwaningi-mabhuku noma ilunga laleyo bhizinisi lapho umuntu olawulwayo noma ongumqondisi, isisebenzi noma oqashwe yilowo muntu olawulwayo oneqhaza elithile lobunini oyoqokwa njengomcwaningi-mabhuku womuntu olawulwayo.
Umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele emukele umcwaningi-mabhuku oqashiwe kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezizilawulayo nendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya futhi engahoxisa imvume uma sikhona isidingo.
b Afune ukuba amabhuku ezimali nombiko wezimali ucwaningwe zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuphela konyaka wezimali womuntu olawulwayo, noma ngosuku oluvunywe ngumlawuli-sikhungo , ucwaningo lwenziwe wumcwaningi-mabhuku oqokwe ngokulandisa kwesigaba 88; futhi c Alondoloze leyo mibhalo, ingaba ngohlobo olwenziwa yikhompuyutha noma ngenye indlela isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu kusukela osukwini lokugcina okusetshenziswe noma okubhalwe ngalo okuthile kulawo mabhuku.
Ngokulandela amaqophelo avumelekile okucwaninga amabhuku, umcwaningi-mabhuku uyohlola izincwadi zomsebenzi nombiko wezimali wokuphela konyaka azenelise ukuthi amabhuku ezimali ahambisane nemibandela yalo Mthetho nokuthi imibiko yezimali yokuphela konyaka idwetshwe ngendlela efanele ukuze iveze isithombe okuyiso samafa nezimali zebhizinisi nesimo somsebenzi womuntu olawulwayo.
b ngodaba olunqunywe ngumlawuli-sikhungo.
Uma umcwaningi-mabhuku engakwazi ukwethula lowo mbiko ngaphandle kokuphawula okuthile okungahambi kahle noma okwenza angakwazi ukuchaza kahle isimo sebhizinisi, umcwaningi-mabhuku kufanele afake embikweni isitatimende esichaza amaqiniso noma izimo ezinqande umcwaningi ukwenza umbiko noma ukuwukhipha ngaphandle kokuqhakambisa amaphutha atholiwe.
Uma umcwaningi-mabhuku womuntu olawulwayo ekhipha imibhalo engamakhophi ombiko noma eminye imibhalo noma imininingwane ehlonzwe esigabeni- 205b ngaphansi koMthetho wabaCwaningi nabaCubunguli-mabhuku boMphakathi we- 1991, umcwaningi-mabhuku kufanele ethule omunye umbhalo kumlawuli-sikhungo, noma kungaba khona omunye umthetho ophikisayo uma umcwaningi-mabhuku esebenzela inhlangano ezilawulayo noma indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya noma enzela leyo nhlangano ezilawulayo, uma umcwaningi-mabhuku ecwaningela umuntu ogunyazelwe ukusebenza noma obambe iqhaza.
b ethule lowo mbiko kumlawuli-sikhungo noma enhlanganweni ezilawulayo, kuye ngesimo ngasinye uma umcwaningi-mabhuku ebenesizathu okwethula umbiko kumuntu ohlonzwe esigabeni -205a woMthetho wabaCwaningi nabaCubunguli-mabhuku oMphakathi we-1991 ukuba ubengesulanga emsebenzini.
Umcwaningi-mabhuku kufanele azise ngokubhalwe phansi umlawuli-sikhungo noma inhlangano ezilawulayo nganoma yiluphi udaba oluphathelene nomuntu olawulwayo nolwaziwe ngumcwaningi-mabhuku ngesikhathi ecwaninga amabhuku olubonakala luphambene nesimo esifanele ngombono womcwaningi noma olungabeka engcupheni igalelo lomuntu olawulwayo ukuhlangabezana nezikweletu zakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi, lokhu kuyohamba ngesimo ngasinye.
Ukukhipha umbiko noma ulwazi ngokwethembeka okwenziwa ngumcwaningi-mabhuku akusho ukuphambana nombandela womthetho noma ukwephula umgomo wokuziphatha ngendlela efanele komuntu onguchwepheshe, nokuyinto eyisibophezelo somcwaningi-mabhuku.
Ukwehluleka, ngaphandle kokuzenzisa komcwaningi-mabhuku ukwethula umbiko noma ulwazi ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho akuniki omunye umuntu ilungelo lokuthathela umcwaningi-mabhuku izinyathelo ebezingeke zitholakala ukuba lokho kwehluleka akwenzekanga.
Noma ngasiphi isikhathi, umlawuli-sikhungo angakhipha umlayelo wesaziso esibhaliwe oqondiswe kumuntu olawulwayo nokwethula imiphumela yalolo cwaningo kumlawuli-sikhungo singakapheli isikhathi esibekwe kwisaziso.
Ngokulandela isigatshana 1, umuntu onika ulwazi, incazelo noma ofinyelela emibhalweni ethile, azi ukuthi lolo lwazi, incazelo noma imibhalo ingamanga noma iholela ophathe, wephula umthetho.
ukuvela phambi komlawuli-sikhungo ngesikhathi nendawo ethile ebekiwe; noma b ukulayela abaphenyi ngaphansi kwesigaba- 3 soMthetho weziKhungo zokuPhenya Izimali we-1998 Umthetho uNo. 80 we- 1998 ukuphenya izindaba zomuntu osolwayo.
Uma umsolwa efakwa imibuzo ngaphansi kwesigatshana -1aii, futhi enesibopho sokuphendula imibuzo okungenzeka imbophe noma imbeke engcupheni yokulahlwa ngecala uma eshushiswa ngecala lobugebengu, ubufakazi obutholakala ngale mibuzo nezimpendulo ngeke bathathwa njengobufakazi obemukelekile enkantolo, uma kuqhubeka icala, ngaphandle kwesimo secala lokuqamba amanga kade enze isifungo sokukhuluma iqiniso.
f ukwedlulisela udaba kuMqondisi kaZwelonke Wokushushisa Izindaba Zomphakathi, inqobo uma lokho kuphambana nomthetho noma ukwehluleka kulawulwa yilo Mthetho.
Umlawuli-sikhungo angakhipha isinqumo senhlawulo esiwombeni sokwehluleka komuntu olawulwayo ukwethula kumlawuli-sikhungo noma yimuphi umbiko, isitatimende, omunye umbhalo noma ulwazi oludingwa noma olungaphansi kwalo Mthetho, le nhlawulo ngeke yedlule ku- R1 000 noma imali ethile enqunywe ngumlawuli-sikhungo usuku ngalunye lokuqhubeka kokwehluleka, lo mlayelo kufanele ulandelwe singakapheli isikhathi esithile.
e esilayeza umuntu olawulwayo ukuveza ubufakazi noma izizathu zokuthi kungani kungafanele ahlawuliswe.
a ukukhokha inhlawulo; noma b ukufaka isikhalo sokwedlulisa udaba esigungwini esifanele, ngaphansi kwesigaba -111 esikhononda ngenhlawulo.
Uma umuntu olawulwayo ehluleka ukukhokha inhlawulo noma efaka isikhalo sokwedlulisa udaba ngokulandisa kwesigatshana 3, umlawuli-sikhungo angenza umbiko ofungelwe awunike umabhalane wenkantolo enamandla noma umlawuli-sikhungo, lapho ebeka khona isamba senhlawulo ekhokhiswe umuntu olawulwayo, lombiko unomthelela ofanayo nogunyazwe yinkantolo ovuna isigungu ngemali okufanele ikhokhwe echazwe embikweni.
a ilahla ngecala umuntu onegunya lokusebenza noma obambe iqhaza, isikhulu noma oqashwe kulelo bhizinisi, lapho etholwe ephule omunye wale Mithetho noma icala elibandakanya isenzo sokungethembeki noma sokwehluleka ukwenza okufanele; noma b ekuqhubekeni kophenyo oluqondene nomuntu ngaphansi kwendima-a, kutholakala ukuthi uyingxenye noma kunezinsolo zokuthi uyathinteka ezenzweni zobudedengu noma zokungethembeki, ngaphezulu kwesimo esiphawulwe endimeni -a, esigwebeni esingakhishwa, inkantolo inganquma ukwephuca umuntu amagunya okwemukelwa isikhathi esinganqunywa yinkantolo lapho engeke akwazi ukuqhubeka nebhizinisi noma ukuqashelwa umsebenzi wokwethembeka.
Ngokuveza isizathu esiqinile, inkantolo ingaguqula noma ibuyisele eceleni isinqumo sokwephuca amandla esenziwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana-1.
Unobhala wenkantolo owenze isinqumo sokwephuca amandla ngokulandisa kwesigatshana-1, sokuguqula noma sokubuyisela eceleni ngaphansi kwesigatshana-2 kufanele azise ngokushesha umlawuli-sikhungo nenhlangano ezilawulayo efanele ngalesi simo.
Asikho isinqumo sokwephuca amandla esenziwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana-1 esingaphazamisa amandla enhlangano ezilawulayo okuqondisa izigwegwe kumuntu othintekayo, ngokulandisa kwemithetho eyibusayo.
b elenza imisebenzi ngokuhambisana nalo Mthetho.
Ngosuku okuqala ngalo ukusebenzi kwalo Mthetho, isigungu kufanele siqoke amalunga ekomidi lokuphoqelela ayisibalo esifanele nesingakhethwa yisigungu: Okubalulelikile wukuthi okungenani amalunga amabili kube ngabantu abagogodele ezomthetho.
Kuye ngokuvela kwesidingo nezimo ezithile, ikomidi lokuphoqelela linganxenxa umuntu noma ngaphezulu abanolwazi olunzulu olufanele ukuba ngamalunga okwengezela ekomidini.
Alikho ilunga lekomidi lokuphoqelela ebelibambe iqhaza ophenyweni lodaba noma elineqhaza odabeni elingaba yingxenye yokuthatha isinqumo esenziwa yikomidi lokuphoqelela.
Isigungu kufanele siqoke kumalunga ekomidi lokuphoqelela usihlalo nephini lakhe eliyoqhuba imisebenzi kasihlalo uma engekho ehhovisi noma usihlalo engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, isigungu singabumba kabusha ikomidi lokuphoqelela kodwa lesi senzo ngeke siphazamise ubulungu bekomidi okuqondiswe kulo esigabeni-100 ngesikhathi kuqhutshekwa nophenyo oludingidwa yilelo komidi.
Uma umlawuli-sikhungo noma ingosi okuqondiswe kuyo yedlulisela ekomidini lokuphoqelela ngaphansi kwesigaba -94, ikomidi lokuphoqelela kufanele lidingide udaba ngokulandela izigaba -102 kuya ku -105, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izigaba ezithintekayo kuleso simo.
c imininingwane enqunywe yisigungu.
Usihlalo wekomidi lokuphoqelela ngokusizwa ngabasebenzi besigungu abagunyazwe ngumlawuli-sikhungo unesibophezelo sokuphatha wonke umsebenzi wekomidi lokuphoqelela, kufanele asabalalise udaba ngalunye olwedluliselwe ekomidini ethimbeni elibunjwe ngusihlalo noma yiphini likasihlalo elibandakanya okungenani amalunga amabili ekomidi anolwazi olufanele lokuthatha isinqumo ngodaba.
Ithimba lizinqumela inqubo yokuqhuba imisebenzi yalo.
inqubo yethimba ivulelekile emphakathini.
Isinqumo sethimba ngodaba olunikwe lona kufanele sibhalwe phansi bese sixuba izizathu zesinqumo.
Isinqumo seningi lamalunga ethimba sithathwa njengesinqumo sekomidi lokuphoqelela.
Ukwedluliswa kodaba luye ekomidini lokuphoqelela, ngokulandisa kwesigaba -94(e) kungahoxiswa noma yinini ngumlawuli-sikhungo noma yiziko , kuye ngesimo.
Amandla esigungu okuqalisa izinyathelo zenkantolo ngaphansi kwesigaba -77 eziqondiswe kumuntu ophambene nesigaba- 73, uma singaphikisani nesigaba-1055 awaphazanyiswa wukwedluliselwa ekomidini lokuphoqelela ngokulawula kwesigaba 94e.
Ukwedluliswa kodaba ekomidini lokuphoqelela kufanele kuphelezelwe ngumbiko wophenyo noma ukuhlola okuphawulwe esigabeni -93 noma ophenyweni olwenziwe ngaphansi kweSahluko VIII, kuye ngesimo ngasinye, kuhambisane nobufakazi obufanele bezinsolo zokweqa umthetho noma zokwehluleka eziphambi komlawuli-sikhungo noma iziko.
Ikomidi lokuphoqelela kufanele lethule ikhophi yombiko nobufakazi obuphawulwe esigatshaneni-1 kanye nemininingwane yezinsolo zokweqa umthetho noma zokwehluleka ukuhambisana nalo Mthetho koziphendulelayo umsolwa engaxuba lesigungu esilawula noma esiphethe umuntu olawulwayo, lo mbiko uyophoqa umsola ukuba aphendule ngombiko ofungelwe singakapheli isikhathi esinqunywe yikomidi lokuphoqelela.
Ithimba elabelwe udaba kufanele lucubungule bonke ubufakazi elibunikiwe ngaphambi kokulalela obunye, kuye ngokulandisa kwesigatshana-4.
Kwizimo ezehlukile nalapho kufanele kufinyelelwe kusinqumo esingachemile, singabizela phambi kwethimba umuntu ukuba azophonswa imibuzo noma alethe umbhalo othile ochazwe kusamanisi.
Isazi-mthetho singasiza umuntu obizwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana-4, kodwa izindleko zommeli ziyokhokhwa ngumsolwa.
futhi enesibopho sokuphendula imibuzo engamholela ekuboshweni, noma kwenzeka eshushiswa ngecala lobugebengu, ubufakazi obuqondene nemibuzo nezimpendulo ezitholwe ngalesi sikhathi abemukeleki njengobufakazi basenkantolo, ngaphandle uma umuntu ebekwe icala lokuqamba amanga kade efungele ukukhuluma iqiniso.
b uma kunesidingo, umsolwa anganikwa ithuba lokuthatha izinyathelo zokulungisa isimo njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni- 94c, bese ekhokhela isigungu inhlawulo nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokulungisa isimo singakapheli isikhathi esinqunywe yithimba.
Uma umsolwa ehluleka ukukhokha inhlawulo okuvunyelwene ngayo noma izinyathelo zokulungisa isimo ezimiselwe isikhathi esithile, umlawuli-sikhungo noma iziko lingenza umbiko ofungelwe kumabhalane noma kunobhala wenkantolo enamandla afanele umbiko oqagula isamba senhlawulo ethweswe umsolwa nengqikithi yomlayelo, lowo mbiko unamandla afanayo esinqumo senkantolo esikhishwe yileyo nkantolo esivuna isigungu, ukwenzeka kwalokhu kuyoba ngesimo ngasinye.
kodwa wehluleka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokulungisa isimo ngomlayelo wesigaba-103 (b), ikomidi lokuphoqelela lingakhipha umlayelo wesaziso esibhaliwe ohanjiswa ngesandla kumsolwa okufanele uqukathe imininingwane ehlonzwe esigatshaneni-.
f achaze ukuthi ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemibandela yesaziso ngesikhathi esivunyelwe kuyoholela ezinyathelweni ezihlonzwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana-3.
Uma umsolwa ehluleka ukuhambisana nemibandela yesaziso esiqondwe esigatshaneni-2, umlawuli-sikhungo uyofaka umbiko ofungelwe kumabhalane wenkantolo enamandla nefanele, umbiko oqagula isamba senhlawulo yokwenza umsebenzi efunwe kumsolwa nengqikithi yomlayelo, lo mlayelo unamandla afanayo nesinqumo senkantolo esikhishwe savuna isigungu.
Uma umsolwa eyilunga lesigungu sokulawula umuntu olawulwayo, ithimba linganquma ukuba inhlawulo yokwenza umsebenzi emiswe ngaphansi kwesigaba-1031a nesigatshana-2 ikhokhwe ngumsolwa ngokwakhe.
Ithimba lingathatha isinqumo sokukhokhwa kwezindleko zophenyo olwenziwe yikomidi lokuphoqelela elicabanga ukuthi zifanele, kuye ngesimo ngasinye.
Ikomidi lokuphoqelela ngeke likhokhise inhlawulo ehlonzwe kulesi sigaba uma umsolwa esethweswe icala lobugebengu eliqondene nalesi senzo noma amaqiniso.
Uma inkantolo ihlaziya inhlawulo okumele inqunyelwe umuntu olahlwe ngecala ngokwalo Mthetho, inkantolo ingabhekela inhlawulo ebekwe kulesi sigaba noma esigabeni 1031a mayelana namaqiniso akhona.
Inhlawulo yokwenza umsebenzi enqunywe futhi yakhokhwa ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba ayisho ukutholwa unecala okwedlule njengoba kuhlonza iSahluko-27 soMthetho weNqubo Yamacala Obugebengu we-1977 Umthetho uNo. 51 we-1977.
f amanye amaphuzu abalulekile emehlweni ethimba.
Uma ithimba leneliseka ukuthi umsolwa wephule umthetho noma wehlulekile ukuhambisana nesigaba-73, linganquma ukuba umsolwa akhokhe isamba sokunxephezela.
Inqubo enqunywe ezigabeni -103 no -104 eqondene nenhlawulo yokwenza umsebenzi ihambisana nezinguquko ezidingwa yindikimba nesigatshana 3 esiwombeni esivumayo, uma kwenzeka ithimba lifuna umsolwa akhokhe isamba sokunxephezela.
Isigaba 77 ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ifunwa yindikimba esebenza ekutholeni nasekusabaliseni imali yesinxephezelo.
Leso samba sesinxephezelo sibunjwe ingxenye elinganayo yenzuzo noma yokulahlekelwa, inhlawulo yenhloso yesinxephezelo nokuhlawulisa, inzalo, uma kwenzeka ikhomishini noma umhlomulo kube sengathi inqunywe ngaphansi kweSigaba 77.
Azikho izinyathelo zokufuna isinxephezelo eziyothathelwa umsolwa ngaphansi kwesigaba-77 uma esesikhokhile isamba sesinxephezelo ngokulandisa kwalesi sigaba.
Ngokuhambisana nesigatshana- , alikho ilunga lekomidi lokuphoqelela noma isisebenzi sesigungu esingadalulela noma ngubani ulwazi olutholwe emsebenzini noluphathelene nophenyo noma isinqumo sekomidi lokuphoqelela, ngaphandle kwesimo lapho lenza khona imisebenzi ehlonzwe kulo Mthetho noma ebizwe phambi kwenkantolo.
Noma ngubani ophula umthetho wesigatshana-1, wenza icala futhi uma elahlwa yicala angahlawuliswa noma aboshwe isikhathi esingevile eminyakeni emibili noma athole kokubili, isigwebo nenhlawulo.
Uma umsolwa engafaki isicelo sokwedlulisa udaba ngesinqumo esithathwe yikomidi lokuphoqelela singakapheli isikhathi esibekwe ngokwesigaba-1042e, umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele amemezele emphakathini isinqumo esithathwe yikomidi lokuphoqelela, ngaphandle uma isimemezelo siyophambana nezinhloso zalo Mthetho eziphawulwe esigabeni-2 noma kunezimo ezehlukile eziveza isidingo sokugcina isinqumo siyimfihlo.
Umuntu olawulwayo, oyinkampani noma esinye isakhiwo sebhizinisi singasongelwa amafa aso yinkantolo, ngokuhambisana nesigaba-110 soMthetho Wezinkampani we-1973 kanti amafa omuntu ophilayo, obambisene nomunye angasongwa ngokulandela Umthetho Wokudliwa Kwamafa we-1936 Umthetho uNo. 24 we- 1936.
d isigaba-357 soMthetho Wezinkampani we-1973 kufanele sithathwe sengathi umlawuli-sikhungo uyingxenye yabantu okufanele bathole isaziso esifunwa yisigatshana 1b saleso sigaba.
b Uma umuntu olawulwayo engesiyona inkampani futhi kunganambitheki ukufaka lowo muntu olawulwayo ohlwini lokusongelwa amafa akhe ngokulandela uMthetho Wezikhungo Zezimali Ukuvikela Izimali we- 2001.
Inkantolo ingakhipha umyalelo oqondene nomuntu olawulwayo oyinkampani noma uhlobo oluthile lwebhizinisi lapho ithola isicelo esivela ebantwini abafake isicelo somyalelo wokuphatha ngaphansi kwesinqumo senkantolo, ngaphandle kwalapho kuqokwa khona umphathi wesikhashana ogunyazwe yinkantolo, ogunyazwe ngokugcwele noma umsongi-mafa ophawulwe esigabeni -107 nezigaba -107 (a) no (b) okuhambisana nezinguquko ezidingwa yingqikithi.
Ngokuhambisana nesigaba-110, Umthetho Wezinkampani we-1973 usebenza ekuphatheni ngaphansi kwesandla senkantolo umuntu oyinkampani.
oqondene nanoma yimuphi umuntu olawulwayo.
Umthetho Wezikhungo Zezimali Ukuvikela Izimali we-2001 usebenza ukuphatha nokulawula umuntu olawulwayo yilowo oqashwe kulesi sigaba njengomsongi-mafa.
Wenkantolo Ephakeme angaqoka umhlakazi-mafa noma umphathi omiswe yisinqumo senkantolo mayelana nomuntu olawulwayo kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nomlawuli-sikhungo.
i sesikhulu esicubungula izicelo zesinxephezelo eziphawulwe kwiSahluko- VIII, angafaka isicelo sokwedlulisa udaba ngokulandela imibandela enqunywe noma emiswe esigabeni-26 soMthetho Wesigungu Semisebenzi Yezimali we-1990 nangaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
Isigungu sokwedlulisa isicelo kufanele silalele udaba esidlangaleni.
Uma kwenziwa isicelo sokwedlulisa ngenhloso yokuphikisana nesinqumo sekomidi lokuphoqelela, umlawuli-sikhungo kufanele abe ngoziphendulelayo.
Umlawuli-sikhungo angafaka isicelo sokwedlulisa udaba ngesinqumo senhlangano ezilawulayo uma le nhlangano yehluleka ukuphendula isicelo esibhaliwe somlawuli-sikhungo esicela ukuba isinqumo sibuyekezwe singakapheli isikhathi eside ngokwenele.
c Ubufakazi obubhaliwe noma bomlomo obethuliwe noma obunikwe yinoma ngubani ngesicelo noma ngemvume yesigungu sokwedlulisa udaba; noma d yiluphi olunye ulwazi olusezandleni zesigungu sokwedlulisa udaba.
b isinqumo esiqondene nalowo oyokhokha izindleko zecala, ngendlela ebona ifanele.
a Isinqumo sesigungu sokwedlulisa udaba sibophezela amaqembu omabili ayingxenye yesikhalo esedlulisiwe.
b Lo Mthetho noma eminye yenhlangano ezilawulayo ayikwazi ukunikwa amandla okunciphisa ilungelo lanoma ngubani onentshisekelo ngesinqumo ukuba edlulise udaba luyocutshungulwa yinkantolo enamandla afanele endaweni ngemuva kwesinqumo senhlangano ezilawulayo noma isigungu esilalela udaba olwedlulisiwe, udaba luyocutshungulwa yinkantolo uma lowo muntu eselandele yonke imigudu efanele yokufinyelela kwisixazululo enqunywe yilo Mthetho.
Umbhalo kuhlangene nobhalwe ngekhompuyutha ozishaya sengathi wenziwe ngumuntu olawulwayo lapho eqhuba ibhizinisi lakhe elejwayelekile, ikhophi, ipheshana lombiko noma ingxenye yebhuku efungelwe ekhishwe kulowo mbhalo eyenziwe yisisebenzi esiqashwe ngumuntu olawulwayo, ngokuvezwa kwawo kunoma yisiphi isimo sokuqula icala lesinxephezelo, lobugebengu, lokuphatha noma izinyathelo zokuqondisa izigwegwe ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho, imithetho yenhlangano ezilawulayo noma omunye wemithetho kwisimo lapho lowo mbhalo, ipheshana lombiko noma ingxenyana ethathwe ebhukwini inobufakazi obamukelekile obuqondiswe kothile futhi kunamaqiniso aqukethwe yiwo.
b nazo zonke izindaba ezibalulekile noma eziphuthumayo okufanele zimiswe ukuze kufezeke izinhloso zalo Mthetho.
Ungqongqoshe anganquma inkokhelo ngemuva kokubonisana nomlawuli-sikhungo mayelana nezindaba ezihlonzwe kulo Mthetho kanjalo inkokhelo nemali ekhokhwa ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho, umuntu okufanele akhokhe imali, indlela yokukhokha, uma kwenzeka nenzuzo eqondene nemali ekweletwayo.
Inkokhelo ekhokhwa ngokwalo Mthetho nenzuzo ekhokhelwa isikweletu eseqiwe yisikhathi ingaqoqwa ngumlawuli-sikhungo ngezinyathelo zenkantolo efanele noma ngesinqumo sayo.
b ophula umthetho oqondiswe esigabeni-922 angalahlwa ngecala ahlawuliswe imali noma abhadle ejele isikhathi esingedluli eminyakeni emihlanu noma athole isijezo sokuboshwa nokuhlawuliswa imali.
c ophula noma ohluleka ukuhambisana nesigaba 41 noma 2, 19, 20, 21, 22 noma 29, wenza icala futhi angalahlwa ngecala ahlawuliswe imali noma abhadle ejele isikhathi esingevile eminyakeni emihlanu noma athole kokubili, inhlawulo nokuboshwa.
Ukuchithwa okwenziwa yilo Mthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zezimali we-1989 awuphazamisi ukwaziswa komnyango wokwesula ebhukwini nokukhokhela imigidi yokudayiselana ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho odlule; inqobo uma indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya ifake isicelo semvume yalendlu ngokulandisa kwesigaba- 64 zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kuqale lo Mthetho.
Imithetho yenhlangano ezilawulayo eyenziwe ngaphansi komthetho ochithwe yilona nebisebenza phambi kokuqala kwalo Mthetho iyoqhubeka njalo, inqobo uma ingashayisani nalo Mthetho: Kubalulekile ukuba inhlangano ezilawulayo ichibiyele noma iguqule imithetho yayo ngenhloso yokuhambisana nezidingo zalo Mthetho zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Isigatshana- 3 sihambisana nezinguquko ezidingwa yingqikithi yemibandela yokubhalisa efunwa yisikhungo.
Imithetho ephawulwe kuShedluli iyachitshiyelwa noma ichithwa ngendlela ebekwe kukholomu yesithathu.
Emakethe Yezimali we- 2002, futhi uqala ukusebenza ngosuku olunqunywe nguMongameli ngesaziso seGazethe.
noma yisiphi i- "[isikhungo semakethe]", ["ilungu" noma] "umsebenzisi ogunyaziwe", "umthengisi wamashezi", "umelekeleli olungisayo", "indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya", "ingodla yokulondoloza", "obambe iqhaza" noma"oqokiwe" njengoba kuchaziwe esigabeni 1 [soKulawulwa Kwe-Sikhungo semakethe] Umthetho Olawula Imisebenzi yamaThuluzi okuHweba eMakethe yeziMali, ka[1985 (Umthetho No. 1 ka- 1985] 2004 (Umthetho No. ka- 2004);"; kanye b nokucisha encazelweni "yezikhungo zezezimali" zezindinyana vi no-xi zendima a.
Isigungu Semisebenzi Yezimali sichaza isigungu sokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba ngendlela echazwe kusigaba 1 soMthetho Wokugcinwa nokuPhathwa kwamaThuluzi okuHweba ka 1992 uMthetho No.
obambe iqhaza usho isikhungo esifaka imali sibe semukelwe yingodla yokulondoloza njengelunga ngaphansi koMthetho Wokugcinwa nokuPhathwa kwamaThuluzi okuHweba ka 1992 Umthetho No.
incazelo "amathuluzi angenasiqiniseko" kulencazelo elandelayo amathuluzi angenasiqinisek" asho amathuluzi angenasiqiniseko ngendlela echazwe esigabeni 1 29 soMthetho Olawula Izikhungo Zokuhweba Ngamasheya ka 1985 Umthetho No.
isikhungo sohwebo emakethe yezimali sichaza [amasheya anemvume] isikhungo esichazwe esigabeni 1 nesinemvume ngaphansi kwesigaba 10 [soMthetho Olawula Izikhungo Zokuhweba Ngamasheya ka 1985 Umthetho No. 1 ka 1985 noma isikhungo sokuhweba ngemali] Umthetho Wemisebenzi Yamathuluzi okuhweba Emakethe yezimali 2004 Umthetho ka 2004, ngokwenhloso yalesi sigaba ihlanganisa ingodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali njengoba ichazwe esigabeni 1 salo Mthetho nesinikwe igunya lokusebenzi njengendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya ngaphansi kwesigaba 66 salo Mthetho noma indlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya njengoba ichazwe esigabeni 1 [soMthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zezimali ka 1989 Umthetho No.
Umthethosivivinywa Wemisebenzi Yamathuluzi Okuhweba Emakethe yezimali ("Umthethosivivinywa") uhlose ukudidiyela Umthetho Olawula Izikhungo Zamasheya ka 1985, Umthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zezimali ka 1989, Umthetho Wokugcinwa Nokuphathwa Kwamathuluzi Okuhweba Emakethe yezimali ka 1992 kanye Nomthetho Wokuhweba Ngolwazi Lwangaphakathi ka 1998. Ngakho, Umthethosivivinywa uhlose ukucima ngokuphelele leyo Mithetho ("Imithetho ecinyiwe") . Nakuba kunjalo, Umthethosivivinywa awuthinti nje kuphela ukudidiyela lemithetho. Ngaphandle kokulungisa nokwenza ngcono imithetho ecinyiwe, Umthethosivivinywa uhlose ukwengezela ngemibandela esemqoka emisha kuleyo Mithetho. Eminye yemibandela emisha iphathelene nezindaba ebezingalawulwa esikhathini esiphambili eziphawuwe endimeni 8.
Ukuchibiyela Umthetho Wezinkampani kuyisimo esikhulu.
Isigaba 35A soMthetho Wemabhizinisi Awileyo siqonde ezincazelweni zoMthetho Olawula Izikhungo Ezihweba ngamasheya noMthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zemali okungeminye yemithetho emibili kwecinyiwe. Ngakho, ukuchitshiyelwa kwesigaba 35A yinto enkulu. Mayelana nezigameko zokudayiselana esikhungweni, isigaba 35A sivimbela ukuphazamiseka okungadalwa ukuvumela (okuyinto ejwayelekile ngaphansi kwesimo senkambiso yomthetho webhizinisi eliwile) lowo ogade ifa lebhizinisi eliwile ithuba lokuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa eyodwa noma eziningi iziwombe zohwebo eziphothulwe ngumuntu owile ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuhlakazwa kwamafa ebhizinisi.
Ukuchibiyela isigaba 1 soMthetho Wemisebenzi yeSigungu Sezimali yinto esemqoka.
Ngonyaka ka 1998, ngesikhathi iSigungu Senqumgomo Yemisebenzi Yezimali Nemigomo ibuyekeza uhlaka lokulawula lwemboni yemisebenzi yezimali, Isigungu saphakamisa ukudwetshwa kwemithethosivivinywa emibili, owodwa odingida udaba lokutshala imali "embonini yokuthengisa" olunye emisebenzini "yamawulisela". Umthethosivivinywa ophathelene nokutshala imali emisebenzini yamawulisela wawuzobandakanya, kokunye Umthetho Olawula Izikhungo Zokuhweba Ngamasheya noMthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zemali. Lemithetho emibili inikwe amagama afanayo kusukela echitshiyelwe ngo1995 futhi ehluke nje kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwawo ezinhlotsheni ezehlukene zamathuluzi ohwebo. Umthetho Olawula Izikhungo Zokuhweba ngamasheya ulawula futhi usingathe Isikhungo saseGoli Esihwebisa Ngamathuluzi Ezimali JSE Securities Exchange of South Africa, eyaziwa kakhulu ngeJSE kanti Umthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zemali ulawula futhi usingethe Isikhungo Sokuthenga Amabhondi Bond Exchange of South Africa, ngamafushane saziwa nge-BESA, sona sisebenzisa amathuluzi ezimali. Esikhathini esingekudala esedlule, iBESA igwinywe yiJSE. Seyikhishiwe imvume yokuhweba ngamathuluzi ezimali yanikwa iJSE ngokwemibandela yoMthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zemali ukuze ikwazi ukuhweba ngolunye uhlobo lwamathuluzi olwaziwa ngamaderivatives, lolu ngolunye lwezinhlobo zokuhweba emakethe yezimali.
Imithetho ecinyiwe ingathathwa njengephelelwe yisikhathi uma ubheka intuthuko ebonakala embonini yezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba, mhlawumbe ngaphandle koMthetho Wokuhweba Ngolwazi Lwangaphakathi.
Ukubeka imigomo nokuphathwa kwayo yonke imikhakha yezimakethe zaseNingizimu Afrika ezingeni lentuthuko nokulawula elifana namanye amazwe omhlaba, kusukela ngoMfumfu 1998 Isigungu Semisebenzi Yezimali sikhuthaze ukudwetshwa koMthethosivivinywa. Abammele Isigungu Semisebenzi Yezimali, izikhungo, izingodla zokulondoloza izimali zesikhungo ezimbili ezinkulu (STRATE Ltd ne Central Depository Ltd), Umkhandlu Wamabhange (waseNingizimu Afrika) nababambe iqhaza abayingxenye yethimba lokudweba umthethosivivinywa. Ekudwebeni umthethosivivinywa, kwacatshangelwa Izinhloso Nenkambiso yeMigomo Yamathuluzi okuhweba zeNhlangano Yamazwe Omhlaba yeKhomishani Yamathuluzi Okuhweba Emakethe yezimali (IOSCO) eyaziswa umhlaba wonke njengequkethe amazinga alindelwe emthethweni olawula imisebenzi yokuhweba ngamathuluzi emali. Iningizimu Afrika seyibe yilunga le-IOSCO kusukela ngo1992 futhi izibophezele ekufezeni amaqophelo alindelwe emhlabeni ekusingatheni izindaba zokuhweba ngamasheya. Uhlelo olusanda kwethulwa olwaziwa ngo: Hlelo Lokuhlola Ukuzinza Kwesimo Sezimali olwenziwe yiBhange loMhlaba/Isikhwama Semali Yamazwe Omhlaba, phecelezi Internatinal Monetary Fund luvivinya ingqalasizinda yohlelo lwezimali lwaseNingizimu Afrika izikhathi ngezikhathi ngokuphenya ukuthi ayalandelwa amaqophelo omhlaba, kuhlangene nalawo amiswe yi-IOSCO.
I-BESA yisona kuphela e-Afrika isikhungo esibhalisiwe esinemvume yokuhweba ngamathuluzi amabhondi. I-BESA ihlinzeka ngenkundla yokubhalisa amathuluzi amabhondi noma esikweletu amiselwe erandini nakhishwe wuhulumeni omkhulu nowasekhaya, izikhungo zomphakathi namabhizinisi azimmele. Kusukela yanikwa imvume ngo1996 i-BESA, seyidlondlobale kakhulu ngezibalo zamabhondi adayisiwe.
Ngonyaka ophele mhlaka 31 Ndasa 2003, inani elidayisiwe lafinyelela ku R10,82 bhiliyoni ngemigidi yokudayiselana engu 355 192. Ngalolo suku, amabhondi angu 272 ayebhaliswe kwi-BESA ekhishwe ngabantu abangu 43 abatsheleke imali kanti inani linguR442 bhiliyoni. Isibalo esingaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu75 sakhishwa wuhulumeni omkhulu.
Mhlaka 20 kuMandulo, iSigungu Semisebenzi Yezimali sabhalisa inkampani eyaziwa nge-STRATE Ltd, indawo yokulondoloza izimali zohwebo lwamasheya, ngokulandela Umthetho Wokugcinwa Nokuphathwa Kwamathuluzi Okuhweba Emakethe yezimali ka 1992. Umsebenzi we-STRATE wukwedlulisa, ukukhokha nokubhalisa ngaso leso sikhathi ubunini bethuluzi okuhwetshwe ngalo ledlulela kothengayo nenkokhelo yakhe. I-STRATE iphumelele ukwedlulisa yonke imigidi yokudayiselana kwi-JSE, ifake konke lokhu ohlelweni lwayo lwekhompuyutha, igcine imibhalo futhi ikhokhele odinga ukuthola imali yakhe ngokudayiselana okwenzekile.
Njengoba uMthetho-sivivinyo uhlose ukuqinisa iMithetho ecinyiwe, kulindelekile ukuba okuningi okuhlinzekwa nguMthetho-sivivinywa kuhlanganise udaba lweMithetho ecinyiwe. Njengoba iMithetho ecinyiwe yayigunyazwe yiPhalamende, akudingekile ukuba kubhekiselwe kulezo zigatshana zoMthetho-sivivinywa eziphinda lokho okuhlinzekwa yiMithetho echithiwe.
ukunciphisa ubungozi obuphathelene nomsebenzi; kanye nokukhuthaza ukuncintisana kwemisebenzi yamathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yezimali eNingizimu Afrikai.
ukuxhashazwa kwezimakethe okunabahweba ngolwazi lwangaphakathi, ukuxhaphaza izimakethe nezinkulumo eziyinkohliso, izethembiso kanye nezibikezelo; kanye nezindaba ezihlobene nalezo zindaba okuye kwabhekiselwa kuzo ezigabeni 4.3.1 ukuya ku-4.3.4.
ukwesula imigidi yokudayiselana amathuluzi okuhweba; kanye nokukhokhela imigidi yokudayiselana ngamathuluzi abhalisiwe okuhwetshwa ngawo.
g ongasebenza njengobambe iqhaza ngaphandle kokwemukelwa ngokwesigaba 34 njengobambe iqhaza engodleni elondoloza imali yamathuluzi ohwebo; futhi h uma umuntu egunyaziwe, engamela amathuluzi okuhweba abhalisiwe ngaphandle kokuba lowo muntu ehambisana nemithetho yesikhungo elawula ukwenganyelwa kwamathuluzi ohwebo.
UMthetho-sivivinywa unika izikhungo nezingodla zokulondoloza imali yamathuluzi ohwebo igunya lokusebenza.
Iziko Lokuxhashazwa Kwezimakethe, ebelaziwa ngokuthi yiZiko Lokuhweba Ngolwazi Lwangaphakathi olwabunjwa yisigaba 12 soMthetho Wokuhweba Ngolwazi Lwangaphakathi.
Kuchaziwe endimeni 1 ukuthi eminye yemibandela yoMthethosivivinywa iphathelene nezindaba ezindala ebezingalawulwa.
Ibhizinisi lokuthenga nokudayisa amathuluzi ohwebo abhalisiwe. Umlawuli-sikhungo ngokoMthethosivivinywa nangaphansi kwezimo ezithile angenqabela umuntu ekuqhubeni ibhizinisi noma abeke noma anqume imibandela ethinta lelo bhizinisi (bona umshwana 20).
Ukubika izigameko ezingathintene nemakethe emathuluzini ohwebo abhalisiwe. Indlela ehlongozwayo wukuthi ukudayiselana kwangaphandle kwemakethe emathuluzini abhalisiwe kuvunyelwe phakathi kwezikhungo zemali, inqobo uma kulandela imibandela yokubika kumlawuli-sikhungo nasesikhungweni lapho ebhaliswe khona amathuluzi ohwebo. Lendlela ihambisana nenqubo elandelwayo emhlabeni. "Isikhungo sezimali" sichazwe kumshwana 1 woMthethosivivinywa (bona umshwana 21).
Amandla omlawuli-sikhungo okuthatha isibophezelo semisebenzi evame ukwenziwa yisikhungo. (bona umshwana 11).
Ukwemukelwa koqokiwe osebenza njengomnini noma obhaliswe ethuluzini lokuhweba egameni lomunye umuntu. Oqokwe wumuntu onegunya lokusebenza kufanele avunywe yisikhungo ngaphansi kwemithetho yesikhungo sokuhweba ngamasheya kanti oqokwe ngobambe iqhaza noma omunye oqokiwe one-akhawunti nomuntu obambe iqhaza kufanele athole imvume yengodla yokulondoloza izimali zamathuluzi emakethe ngendlela elandiswa yimithetho yengodla. Abaqokiwe nabangemukelwe yisikhungo noma yingodla yokulondoloza kufanele bathole imvume yomlawuli-sikhungo futhi balandele imibandela enganqunywa ngumlawuli-sikhungo (bona umshwana 36).
Ukuguqulwa kwamathuluzi ohwebo (ngaphandle kwamathuluzi amasheya okungenzeka amiswe ngaphansi kwesigaba 91A soMthetho Wezinkampani) aphelezelwa yisitifiketi ebuyiselwa emathuluzini angenasiqiniseko angenabo ubufakazi besitifiketi edluliseka ngaphandle kwephepha. Ngokuvama, Umthethosivivinywa uvumela ukuguqula zonke izinhlobo zamathuluzi anesiqiniseko aphenduke angenaso isiqiniseko noma isitifiketi nokukhishwa kwamathuluzi okuhweba angenasiqiniseko (bona umshwana 37).
Ukuhlonyuliswa kwezinhlangano ezizilawulayo ngamasheya (izikhungo zokuhweba nezingodla zokulondoloza) nokuhlanganisa izikhungo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezingodla zokulondoloza imali yamathuluzi emakethe. Ukulawulwa kohlelo lwamasheya amasha nokuhlanganisa izigungu ezimbili kubonakale njengento esemqoka lapho kubhekwa umkhuba ovamile emazweni omhlaba nasembonini yamathuluzi okuhweba. Engqungqutheleni yango 1999 eba minyaka yonke yeZikhungo Zokuhweba Zamazwe Omhlaba, okungenani amalunga angu 46 kwangu 52 amele izikhungo ezinkulu zokuhweba ngamasheya emhlabeni bakhombisa ukuba sohlelweni lokukhipha amasheya ezinkampanini zabo noma babesemkhankasweni wokwenza njalo. (bona umshwana 53 no 54).
Ukunciphisa izinga lokulawula nesibalo samasheya enhlanganweni ezilawulayo eyinkampani. Umthethosivivinywa udinga imvume yomlawuli-sikhungo uma kukhona othenga amasheya enhlangano ezilawulayo, uma isamba esiphelele salawo masheya siyodlula kumaphesenti angu-15 esamba sonke samasheya akhishwe yinhlangano ezilawulayo (bona umshwana 57).
Ukukhishwa kwemvume yendlu ebhalisa ukudayiselana amasheya, lena yindlu esiza isikhungo ngokubhala, ukwesula yonke imigidi yokushintshana izandla kwamathuluzi ohwebo. Njengamanje, Umthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zezimali uhlinzekela ukwemukelwa kwendlu ebhalisa amasheya adayisiwe ngokwenhloso yaloMthetho. Umthethosivivinywa uhlinzekela ukubhaliswa kwendlu yokubhalisa eqokwe yisikhungo sokuhweba ngamasheya eyoqhuba umsebenzi wokubhalisa nokwesula amasheya adayisiwe nathengiwe, lendlu kufanele ithole imvume ngokoMthethosivivinywa (bona umshwana 66).
Inqubo yokuziphatha enqunywe wumlawuli-sikhungo kulabo abagunyazelwe umsebenzi wesikhungo (kuMthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zezimali nakuMthetho Olawula Izikhungo Zokuhweba ngamasheya, baziwa ngamalunga esikhungo sezimali nalunga esikhungo sokuhweba ngamasheya, ngokulandelana). Umthethosivivinywa unquma inkambiso okufanele inqubo yokuziphatha imiselwe kuyo. Ikhodi noma inqubo ibophezela kulabo abanegunya lomsebenzi, abaqashwe yibo namakhasimende (bona umshwana 70 no 71).
Ukusungula ikomidi lokuphoqelela elinamandla okuhlawulisa noma lifune imali yesinxephezelo (kuphela esiwombeni sokuhweba ngolwazi lwangaphakathi) kumuntu ophule noma ohluleka ukulandela Umthethosivivinywa. Inhloso yemishwana efanele kuMthethosivivinywa wukunika Isigungu Semisebeni Yezimali amandla amaningi nomfutho wokuphoqelela. (bona umshwana 97).
Umshwana 55 udingida udaba lokusebenza ngokwethembeka nomsebenzi wokusebenza ngokunakekela namakhono amalunga awathole enhlanganweni ezilawulayo. Umshwana 56 uphathelene nokuqokwa kwamalunga ezigungu eziphethe.
Incazelo "isikhungo" yenziwe kangcono ngokubeka ngokucacile ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile yesikhungo (bona umshwana 1).
Umuntu, kungapheleli nje eqoqweni labantu, okuyisimo esikhona njengamanje, engazifakela isicelo semvume yesikhungo sokuhweba ngamathuluzi emali. Isimo esifanayo singenzeka kofake isicelo semvume yengodla yokulondoloza amathuluzi okuhweba emakethe yemali kanjalo nendlu ebhalisa imigidi yokudayiselana amasheya (bona umshwana 8).
Umthethosivivinywa umise imibandela okufanele lowo ofaka isicelo sesikhungo ahambisane nayo kodwa Umlawuli-sikhungo ngokucubungula uhlobo oluthile lwesikhungo, enganquma umgamu okungadingeka umuntu ofaka isicelo ahlangabezane ngaso nezidingo nemibandela. Isizathu esikhulu sokulandela lendlela wukuthi ngemuva kokucubungula kahle sonke isimo, kwahlaluka ukuthi abukho ubuhlakani bokucaza imigomo nokuhlinzekela izinhla ezehlukene zezimakethe, okungaholela emibandeleni ehlukile, uhla ngalunye lwemakethe. Enye indlela ekhona nelandelwayo ngeyokwamukela ukuthi amasheya aseke akhishwa noma athengwa athathwe njengezikhungo, nalapho kufanele alandele imibandela ebekiwe (bona umshwana 9).
Ukuphazamisa intengo noma imakethe, uhlobo oluthile lokuxhaphaza imakethe luchazwe kabanzi kuMthethosivivinywa nokwenza imibiko engamanga, edukisayo noma eyinkohliso, izethembiso nezibikezelo ezithinta amathuluzi abhalisiwe okuhweba nezinkampani ezidayisa amasheya, kuyothathwa ngendlela efanayo nokuhweba ngolwazi lwangaphakathi bese kudidiyelwa ngaphansi kweZiko Lokuxhashazwa Kwemakethe, obekwaziwa phambilini ngokuthi yiZiko Lokuhweba Ngolwazi Lwangaphakathi. Emshwaneni ophathelene nokuphazanyiswa kwemakethe, likhona igunya elithile elithinta amalinge okuzimazisa intengo elawulwa yimithetho noma yimibandela yokubhalisa esikhungweni samasheya. Lenqumo ilandelwa ngamazwe amaningi aphesheya futhi yasetshenziswa ngu-Old Mutual ngesikhathi ekhipha okokuqala amasheya kwiSikhungo Sohwebo eNgilandi (bona umshwana 75 no 76).
Umthethosivivinywa awuxubi imibandela yoMthetho Olawula Izikhungo Zohwebo ngamasheya noMthetho Olawula Izimakethe Zezimali ephathelene nokuphathwa kwezimali ezitshalwa ngabantu abangagunyazelwe ukusebenzisa isikhungo. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lulawulwa wuMthetho Wemisebenzi Emile Neyokweluleka Ngezimali ka 2002.
Ngemuva kokubonisana kakhulu nomphakathi (izigungu okwaboniswana nazo zibhalwe kwiSijobelelo saloMbiko) okwaholela kwimibono, izinhlaka eziningi zoMthethosivivinywa zethulwa kwiSigungu Sokweluleka Izimakethe Zezimali emihlanganweni ka 2000 no 2001. Emhlanganweni weSigungu wangomhlaka 9 Ndasa 2001, Umthethosivivinywa wavunywa, nakuba ungaphasiswanga. Ngomhlaka 4 Nhlaba 2001, Isigungu Sengqubomgomo Yemisebenzi Yamathuluzi Ohwebo neMigomo ngokunjalo nayo yemukela kodwa ayakhipha izwi lokuphasisa umthethosivivinywa.
Umthethosivivinywa awunamthelela wezimali okuyinto ebhekene nohulumeni.
Abeluleki Bomthetho bakaHulumeni ne-Ziko Lezimali kuZwelonke banombono wokuthi uMthetho-sivivinywa kufanele usingathwe ngokuvumelana nenqubo ehlelwe esigabeni 75 yoMthetho-sivivinywa njengoba ungaqukethe mibandela yenqubo esebenza ezigabeni 74 noma 76 zoMthetho-sisekelo.
Abekho kubantu noma ezinhlanganweni ezithintiwe eziphikisane noMthetho-sivivinywa. Kutholakale imibono nezincomo eziningi zokwenza ngcono kanti iningi lazo lifakiwe kuMthethosivivinywa. Umthethosivivinywa uphinde wakhangiswa isikhathi eside oqwembeni lwe-website yeSigungu Semisebenzi Yezimali.
