








BONA XHOSA - July 1995 5


AMAKHASI EMFUNDO YABADALA


Jonga umbhalo ongasezantsi - usenokuba zikuncedile iinguqu
zerhafu kodwa wena ubungekayiqapheli loo nto.
Umntu otshatileyo usenokuba ngumhlolo, indoda okanye ibhinqa elingumzali womntwana nkqu
nokuba alitshatanga okanye liqhawule umtshato, nendoda etshate ngokwezintu.
	IRHAFU ENDALA
	Imali oyamkela								       Irhafu
	ngenyanga	Eyabantu abange-	Eyabantu abana-	Eyabantu abana- entsha
nabantwana		bantwana ababini	bantwana aba-6
	Married	R1500	R89.18	A72.51	R35.42	R55.85
people
	R2000	R139.99	R175.83	R138.75	R159.16
	R2500	R1 92.49	R280.83	R243.75	R264. 1 6
	R3000	R437.35	R420.69	R383.75	R437.35,
	R5000	R122627	R120960	R117210	R1226
	
Imali oyamkela ngenyanga	Irhafu endala	 Irhafu ents

Umntu	R1500		R134,76		R56,25
ongatshatanga ____________________________ ______________ ____________
		R2000	R268 05	R107 08
		R2500	R408.05	R264.58
		R3000	R587.97	R419.58;

	Nanku umzekelo:
Indoda kaFikile yasweleka ngo-		wazi ukuba ufanele uyijonge 				
1982. Kungekudala wazifumanela	kuluphi uluhlu imali yakhe yerhafu.	
umsebenzi kumzi-mveliso wempahla	Ngaba uFikile utshatile okanye	
yokunxiba. Ngoku wamkela ama-	akatshatanga? UFikile 
ubengumhlolokazi ukususela
R2000 ngenyanga, yaye wondla		ngo-1982 emva kakusweleka
abantwana ababini. Ubehlawula		kwendoda yakhe. Umhlolokazi
malini yerhafu ngaphambili?		usathatyathwa njengomntu
Uza kuhlawula malini ngoku 		otshatileyo ngumthetho werhafu.
kwirhafu?					Ukuze ufumane irhafu 
					  ayihlawulayo kufuneka ujonge 



phantsi kwabantu
abatshatileyo. Kwakhona
siyazi ukuba uFikile wamkela
amaR2000 ngenyanga.
Yimali ayifumanayo leyo 
ngenyanga.	

Jonga kuluhlu lwabantu abamkela ama-R2000 ngenyanga. Xa ufunda unqumla ngoku uya
kubona irhafu endala nentsha ehlawulwa ngabantu. Uya kuqaphela
ukuba irhafu endala ibixhomekeka
kwinani labantwana onabo. Siyazi ukuba UFikile unabantwana ababini.
Oko kuthetha ukuba kwirhafu endala ubehlawula i-R1 75,83.
Sinokufumana ukuba 

Kwakhona siyazi ukuba uFikile			wamkela amaR2000 ngenyanga.	
					     mgca phantsi kwerhafu entsha.
					    Ngoku uhlawula i-R159,16.



Nifundiswa ngephepha IikaMondi
Iimpendulo
Nantsi indlela yokufunda
 irhafu entsha ebhalwe
 ngasentla! Kufuneka kuqala



BONA XHOSA JULY 1995

AMAKHASI EMFUNDO YABADALA

Ngoku phendula lo mbuzo
ulandelayo:
1. UKhetiwe ungumzali ongatshatanga owamkela i-R1 500 ngenyanga. Unabantwana ababini uI noSivuyile. Ngaba ubehlawula malini yerhafu ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe iinguqu kwirhafu?

Uhlawula malini yerhafu ngoku?



2. Ukhosi uhlala kowabo nabazali bakhe. Wamkela ama-R2 000 ngenyanga. Ngaba uza kuncedala ziinguqu zerhafu?

Ngaba uza kwamkela malini xa sekutsalwe imali yerhafu?

3. UNtsikie wamkela ama-R36 000 ngonyaka yaye akanabantwana. Ngaba umqeshi wakhe ubetsala malini yerhafu ngaphambi kukaMatshi ka-1995?
4. UTsepho utshatile yaye unabantwana aba 6 yaye wamkela ama-R5 000 ngenyanga ngokuba ngumphathi wedolophu. NgoAprili uqaphele ukuba umvuzo wakhe wehlile. Uhliswe yintoni?

Ngoko yekabani imali yerhafu enyukileyo kube yekabani eyehlileyo?

Naba abantu abazuzileyo:
•	Abantu abangatshanga abamkela imali efikelela kuma-R80 000 ngonyaka

•	Abantu abamkela ngaphantsi kwama-R2 500 ngenyana. Baya kurhafiswa njengabantu abatshatileyo abanabantwana abathathu.

Naba abantu abalahlekelweyo:
•	Abazali abamkela ngaphezu kwama-R30 000. Akusekho mali iya kubuyiselwa kuba benabantwana. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho mali yimbi eya kutsalwa kwirhafu yakho kuxhomekeka kwinani labantwana onabo.





BONA XHOSA - JuIy 1995 7

AMAKHASI EMFUNDO YABADALA


Irhafu yezinto ezingeyomfuneko ebomini
Urhulumente uthi siza kuhlawula irhafu ethe kratya kwizinto ezingeyomfuneko
ebomini. Nantsi imali yerhafu enyusiweyo:
Ikuchaphazela njani irhafu yezinto zokuzonwabisa? Yenza oku kulandelayo ukuze ufumane!



1. UVusi utshaya iipakethe ezine-4 zemidiza ngeveki. Ixabiso elidala lepakethe yemidiza engama-20 beliyi-R3.50.
a) Ngaba ngoku iza kunyuka ngamalini ipakethe enemidiza engama-20?

b) Iza kunyuka ngamalini imali ayichitha ngeveki kwimidiza7                             

c) Xa uVusi eyeka ukutshaya, uya konga malini? ngeveki enye................. 
 ngenyanga enye.................                      

2. Unyana kaKhosi usandul'ukugqiba iminyaka eli-16 ubudala. UKhosi ufuna ukwenza itheko lokumbhiyozela. Nalu uluhlu lwezinto aza kuzithenga:
iibhiya ezingama-24: eziyi-340m1; iibhotile ezi-4 zegrangqa: eziyi-750m1: iipakethe ezi-5 zemidiza:
ezinengama-20; Ngaphambili ibhiya ibiyi-R1,50, ibhotile yegrangqa iyi-R7,50; kanti ipakethe yomdiza ibiyi-R3,50.

a) Ziza kuba yimalini ngoku iibhiya ezingama-24?
b) Liza kunyuka ngamalini ixabiso leebhotile ezi-4 zegrangqa?

c) Ziza kuxabisa malini izinto ezikolu luhlu?        

3. UKhosi uhamba umgama oyi-2Okm ukuya emsebenzini. Usebenzisa iilitha ezi-2 zepetroli. Ngaba ziza kunyuka ngamalini imali ayisebenzisela ukuya emsebenzini ngeveki?
Urhulumente uthe akuzubakho nguqu kwiVAT. Ngaba zikuncedise iinguqu ezenziwe kwirhafu? Jonga kwipayslip yakho. Ukuba akukaqiniseki ngemali yerhafu ofanele uyihlawule nangokuthi zithetha ntoni kuwe ezi nguqu, buza umqeshi wakho. Mcele akucacisele ngeenguqu zerhafu.






8 BONA XHOSA - JuIy 1995

AMAKHASI ABAFUNDI ABATSHA

UKhathazile Madlala usibalisela ibali lokudibana nokutshata kwakhe noGasa. Unqwenela ukulibalisela abanye abantu ibali lakhe ukuz'iNatal Worker History Project imbhalele lona. IConcertina. Ukhathazile ulandela intliziyo yakhe ibhalelwe bonke abafundi ukubakhuthaza ekubhaleni nasekufundeni.


Mhla ndaphinyiswa ngumfana othile


Ngenye imini emtshatweni ndaphinyiswa ngumfana uthile. Igama lakhe yayinguGasa waseMgodi, ekuyilali ekufutshane neyethu.
Ukususela ngalo mini yomtshato uGasa wayedla ngokundilinda apho ndikha khona amanzi okanye kwihlathi enditheza kulo. Endixelela ukuba akalali buhlayo ngenxa yokucinga ngam. Nokuthi xa ndinokwamkela uthando lwakhe ndiya kuba ndimenzele into enkulu emhlabeni. Wayedla ngokudlala iconcertina yakhe xa eze kundibona.

Kungekudala ndaqalisa ukuchitha amanzi ngabom kuba ndifuna ukuyokha amanye ukuze ndifumane nethuba lokumbona. Ndandiqonda ngelo xesha ukuba sendizomvuma. Kodwa ndandibona kungalunganga ukukhawuleza ndivume, ngoko andizange ndikhawuleze ndimvume.
UGasa wayengafuni ukuba ndibe yenye yeentombi ancuma nazo. Wathi, Ndifuna uye kuphekela umama, Wayengxamele ukuba ndibe ngumkakhe. Wathi kufuneka singachithi xesha.
Wathi ukuyondicela kutata, ukulobola nokwenza ezinye izinto kuya kuchitha ixesha. Wathi kubhetele sigcagce ekuyindlela emfutshane yokutshata.
Ngelo xesha ndasendimthanda ngokungazenzisiyo, ndaza ndavuma. Sagqiba ngomhla aza kundithatha ngayo. Andizange ndiyixelele mntu loo nto, nkqu nomakazi okanye umsakwethu omdala.

Ndandonwabe gqitha ngobusuku owayeza kundilanda ngabo kanga-
ngokuba abuzange buhle ubuthongo. Ndachwechwa ngaphuma ekhaya.

Ngentsasa elandelayo, uGasa wathumela abantu ekhaya bayoxela ukuba bangothuki kukulahleka kwam, njengoko isiko lisitsho. Bafika bathi:

Sizonazisa ngentombi yenu esiyithathileyo ngethokazi elimnyama elinamanqina amhlophe, nethokazi elimhlophe elineempondo ezitsolo. Babexoka bona, kodwa utata wabamkela ngezandla ezifudumeleyo.

Ndahlala kuloGasa ndaba yinxalenye yosapho lwakowabo. Oodadewabo bakaGasa, uNomaningi, uNomajoni, uNomsobo, uGwingci noMjaku, babephantse babe ziintanga zam.

Weza wazondilanda utata emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Ndandingazi ukuba uza kufika, ndothuka kuba sendibona intloko yehashe lakhe ikrobe endlwini yam. Wayenomsindo uMadlala. Wandithatha wahamba nam engakhange athethe nelimdaka.



BONA XHOSA - JuIy 1995 19

ABANTWANA ABANCINCI

Ungumzali, umakhulu, okanye umgcini wabantwana? Funda eli candelo labantwana ukuze ukumane amacebo okubagcina kakuhie abantwana. Benzise izinto ezininzi! Baya kufunda Iukhuiu bonwabe nokonwaba!


Ukutya nesondlo


Umxholo 19:
Ukutya nesondlo

Abantwana kufuneka batye ukutya okunezakha-mzimba ukuze bakhule bephilile yaye bomelele. Ukutya ukutya okufanelekileyo asikokutya kakhulu.
Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zokutya ofanele umtyise zona umntwana wakho  kwaye azibizi imali eninzi zonke ezo ndidi zokutya. Kufuneka uyazi indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba uzifumana zonke izakha-mzimba ekutyeni akutyayo!

Kule nyanga sikunika amacebo okondla abantwana bakho ukuze babe sempilweni. Fundisa abantwana bakho ngokutya okunik'impilo!

Bafundise ukulima eyabo imifuno! Bafundise ukukuncedisa xa upheka ukutya okulula ukukupheka! Baya kufunda lukhulu ngokutya xa besenza ezi zinto!
Umzimba wakhiwa
kukutya okutyayo

Ukutya esikutyayo kusebenza ngeendlela ezintathu emizimbeni yethu:
•kusinika amandla okusebenza
•kwakha izihlunu, amathambo, amazinyo negazi yaye izigcina ezi zinto zomelele

•kusigcina sisempilweni singenazifo

Zintathu iindidi zokutya:
1. Ukutya okunik' amandla Ukutya kusinik'amandla. Rhoqo xa usitya umzimba wakho ufumana amandla athe kratya. Ezinye iindidi zokutya zikunika amandla ngaphezu kwezinye. Oko kukutya okuneswekile nokunesitatshi nokunamafutha neeoyile njengepapa, isonka, umngqusho, ibhotolo nejam.


2. Ukutya okwakha umzimba
Iindidi zokutya ezinceda ekwakheni umzimba ziquka ubisi, inyama, intlanzi, amaqanda, itshizi, amandongo-mane neembotyi ezomileyo.

3. Ukutya okusikhuselayo
Iziqhamo nemifuno ikhusela umzimba kwizifo. Imifuno enebala eliluhlaza kakhulu okanye enebala eliqanda, neziqhamo eziqanda zezona zikhusela umzimba. Imizekelo yazo iquka iminqathe, ikhaphetshu, ispinatshi, iiorenji nepopo.



20 BONA XHOSA JULY 1995
ABANTWANA ABANCINCI

Zama ukuqhelisa abantwana bakho ukutya iindidi ezintathu zokutya. Nangu umzekelo wokutya okunazo zonke iindidi zokutya onokubatyisa ngayo:


Isidlo sasemini 	Isidlo sangokuhlwa 	Isidlo sakusasa


Abantwana ekhitshini


Abantwana bayakuthanda ukupheka! Unokubafundisa izinto ezininzi ngokutya xa ubavumelana bakuncedise ekuphekeni ukutya okulula. Baxelele ngokubaluleka kokuhlamba izandla ngaphambi kokuba baphathe ukutya.

Khetha ukutya okukhawulezayo nokumnandi ukukupheka. Unako nokubaphekisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya ukuze bakuqhele ukuzipheka nokuzitya ezo ndidi zokutya! Nazi ezinye izidlo onokuzipheka nomntwana wakho!

1.Iisandiwitshi:
Yitsho abantwana bakho bakhethe into abafuna zenziwe ngayo iisandiwitshi zabo. Basenokukhetha phakathi kwepeanut butter, ijam, itshizi, nebhanana... Bavumele balinge iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya.

2.Isaladi yeziqhamo:
Abantwana bayathanda ukwenza izinto ezilula njengokunqunqa iziqhamo.
Umntwana ngamnye
mnike isiqhamo aza kusinqunqa.

Zidibanise ezo ziqhamo zakunqunqwa uze wenze isaladi yeziqhamo enokutyiwa ngumntu wonke.

3. Ukupheka imifuno:

Vumela umntwana wakho akhethe kwimifuno eyahlukeneyo anqwenela ukuwulungisa nokuwupheka. Mncedise ekuyixobuleni imifuno. Ukuba mdala mbonise indlela obuza kuyipheka ngayo imifuno. Ngoxa ubafundisa ukupheka abantwana, unokubaxelela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Kulindeleke ukuba uyitye nawe imifuno oyipheke nabo! Ngokupheka ukutya nabo, unako nokubafundisa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Banokufunda ngencasa nangevumba lokutya okwahlukeneyo.



BONA XHOSA - JuIy 1995 21

ABANTWANA ABANCINCI



Umsebenzi 2
Kwikhitshi lakho yenza iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya uzigalele ezityeni ezincinane. Kusenokuba ziziqhamo ezahlukeneyo, iflawa, iswekile, iqanda, ijam, izinongo, njalo-njalo. Yitsho abantwana bakho benze oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukuva ukutya
Azivakali ngokufanayo iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Yithi
abantwana mabakuphathe ukutya ukuze bakuxelele ukuba kuvala njani Ngokomzekelo iflawa icolekile kunetyuwa. Oku kuya kwenza bakwazi ukwahlula izinto ngokuziphatha.

2. Ivumba
Unako ukwenza abantwana bakwazi ukwahlukanisa amavumba ngokubheka banukise iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya baze baxele ukuba kutya kuni.
3. Incasa
Abantwana bayathanda ukungcamla iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya nokuxela indlela okunencasa engafaniyo ngayo. Ngokomzekelo bangeva ukuba ilamuni limuncu gqitha kuneorenji.







Kuvela phi ukutya?



Abantwana abaninzi bayamangaliswa bakufumana apho kuvela khona ukutya. Baye bangakholwa ukuba iminqathe ilinywa emhlabeni nokuthi iiapile ziphuma emithini. Abakholwa xa ubaxelela ukuba ubisi lusengwa kwiimazi zeenkomo.

Indlela yokufundisa abantwana ngokutya nangendawo okuvela kuyo kukuba ubafundiswa indlela yokukuvelisa.

Ukulima iimbotyi okanye iierntyisi:
1. Thatha iimbotyi okanye iierntyisi ezintsha.
2. Zifake emanzini iiyure ezingama-24.

3. Yahlulu inkonkxa yejam ngephepha lokuya ngasese elifumileyo.

4. Galela intwana yamanzi kwinkonkxa yejam.

5. Faka iimbotyi okanye iierntyisi phakathi kwephepha nebhotile yejam.
6. Beka ibhotile kwindawo ekhanyayo.

7. Bukela iingcambu namagqabi ephuma.
Xa unesitiya onokutyala kuso imifuno unokuzityala ezo zityalo zembotyi okanye iierntyisi kuso. Qinisekisa ukuba ziyankcen-kceshelwa yaye abantwana banokumana beyozikroba.

Siyathemba unako ukuyisebenzisa loo mbotyi xa upheka kwixesha elizayo. Phofu ke uya kube uphumelele ukubabonisa indlela okulinywa ngayo ukutya nokuthi ukutya esikutyayo kusinika amandla.



6 BONA XHOSA - July 1995

	Nifundiswa ngephepha IikaMondi

	Nifundiswa ngephepha IikaMondi

20 BONA XHOSA - July 1995

