I.

Qaphela iimpawu zokugogeka
'Ngaba usana Iwam Iukhula ngokufanelekileyo nje?' lo ngumbuzo abadla
ngokuzibuza wona oomama - ngoko phelisa le nkxalabo ngokuqwalasela ezi
zinto zilandelayo
	I
 nkohso yeentsana zikuthanda	ngugqirha wababantwana ukuba	Ngokomzekelo umama unokubona xa
kunene ukujiwuzwa okanye	usesibhedlele, xa luveki ntandathu, xa	usana lwakhe lungeva okanye
	 ukudlaliswa ngezinto zokudlala -	lunyanga ntathu naxa luneenyanga	Iunomzimba ondyengelele. Oomama
	ngoko xa usana lusoloko	ezintandathu ngugqirha wabantwana	kufuneka bazisukumele izinto
	lungabonakalisi mdla xa ludlaliswa	okanye umongikazi waseklinikhi.	abangaziqondiyo ngeentsana zabo
	kudla ngokubakhathaza oko abazali.	Qiniseka ukuba aluphoswa lolu	bazame ukufumana iinkcukacha
	Noxa abantwana bengakhuli	vavanyo usana lwakho. Lubaluleke	ezithe vetshe xa kukho ngxaki
	ngesantya esifanayo, kodwa zikho	kakhulu kuba usana lukhula	bayirhanelayo.
	iimpawu ezisisilumkiso ofanele uzazi	ngesantya kunyaka walo wokuqala	  Ungamhoyi umntu othi, "Iza
	  Ukukhula kwezihlunu zosana	kwaye naluphi na uncedo lonyango	kulunga" okanye othi "Yobuye
	nokukwazi kwalo ukulungelelanisa	Iusebenza kakuhie xa ingxaki ibonwe	iziphelele le nb". Nazi iimpawu
	izinto kuvavanywa kane kunyaka walo	kamsinya.	ekufuneka uzflumkele:
	wokuqala - emva kokuzaiwa	  Uninzi loomama luyabona xa kukho	S Usana wakho alukujongi
		undonakele kwiintsana zabo.	emehiweni nokuba uluphethe kakuhle
	124 BONA XHOSA - April 2000


wayisekela intloko yalo	ubukhulu becala. Kwesibaziyo
 Lusoloko lutshoba lungonwabanga	oonobangela kukho ufuzo -
Alutyi ngokufanelekileyo	ngokomzekelo iDown syndrome
Lukuginya nzima ukutya	ebangeiwa ziichromosome ezithe
 Alufane luncume nokuba	chatha kunezo zifunekayo. Abanye
uyaludlalisa	zizifo, utywala okanye ukusebenzisa
 Umzimba walo undyengelele	amayeza athile xa ukhulelwe. Iintsana
 Umzimba walo uqine kakhulu	ezizaiwa ngaphambi kwexesha
nomqolo uthe fongqo	nezizaiwa zincinane kakhulu
 Ajunavumba Iwabusana.	zisesichengeni sokugogeka.
Mhlawumbi uyanuka umphefumlo	  Usana lusengenzakala naxa
walo okanye umchamo walo	lubelekwa kusetyenziswa iiforceps
unevumba elingaqhelekanga	okanye imfunxa xa Iukhutshwa.
 Lothuka kakhulu xa lubona izinto	Kuthiwa ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa
okanye lusiva izandi	ilungu elithile Iomzimba nokuba
 Aluvani nento eluchukumisayo.	nezihiunu eziqinileyo kudla
Lutsho esikrakra nokuba nje	ngokubangelwa ziingxaki ezibakho xa
ngamanzi ehia kumzimba walo,	Iubelekwa usana - phakathi kwazo
okanye mhlawumbi alukuthandi	ikukubelekwa lingekafiki ixesha
ukuhlikihlwa	okanye Iubulekwa ngokukhawuleza
 Lusoloko lushukuma okanye	okukhulu.
alushukumi kwaphela	  Abanye abazali abazisi zivavanywe
 Lubonakalisa ukoyika xa ulujiwuza	ukuba zikhula kakuhie na iintsana
okanye ulugungqisa	zabo nangona bebona ukuba zikho
 Luneenyanga ezilishumi kodwa	izinto ezingahambi kakuhie okanye
alugaqi (phofu ke zikho intsana ezithi	basuka bazixelele ukuba yonke into
ziphilile zingagaqi tu, kodwa iintsana	hamba kakuhie. Musa ukuhiala
ezidla ngokuba neengxaki	ungalusi usana Iwakho kuvavanyo.
ngokuhamba kwexesha zezo	Ngugqirha wabantwana nomongikazi
zingakhange zigaqe ekukhuleni	waseklinikhi kuphela abanokubona
kwazo)	ukuba Iukhula ngokufanelekileyo na
 Alubonakalisi kuziva izandi	- yaye ngokuluvavanya
 Lubonakalisa ukungathandi okanye	luseluncinane Iwakuba sethubeni
ubuhiungu xa ululalisa ngesisu	elihie lokunyangeka.
 Lufuna ukulala ngecala lasekunene
kuphela okanye elasehlokho kuphela
 Alukhufi ngokufanelekifeyo
Intloko yalo incinane kakhulu
Alukuthandi ukudlala.
 Zithathele ingqalelo ezi mpawu	  Usana lusenokufuna
uyiqwalasele imeko yosana Iwakho
ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ingxakana	  once o xa.
engephi ayigqibeli sele iyingxaki	     Kude kwaphela iinyanga ezintathu
enkulu. Ngokomzekeio, xa usana	     Iungakwazi ukuphakamisa intloko;
Iwakho lungabonakalisi kuziva izandi,	     lungafuni ukutaliswa ngesisu;
kungenzeka ukuba lunengxaki	     ...
yokungeva, nto Ieyo inokuchaphazela	     !uyilIkiseIa kwicalu elrnye kuphela
ukukhula kwengqondo nomzimba.	     uilloko yalo;
Untwana ongeva kakuhie	     Iugqiba iinyanga ezisixhenxe
akanakukufunda ukuthetha.	     Iungakwazi ukuquguka tulale
ngomqolo xa ubututalise ngesisu
	Yintoni ebangela ukugogeka?	nokuquguka lulale ngesisu
	ubulutalise ngomqolo;
Siyazi ukuba ezona ndidi zokugogeka
	eziqhelekileyo zezi: ukungasebenzi	lungazidlalisi zandIa zalo;
	kakuhie kwentliziyo; ukungemi	lungazami ukubamba izinbo
	ngendlela kwamalungu omzimba;	ezikufutshane nato;
	ukungeva, iDown syndrome; isifo	sele Iugqibe unyaka lungagaqi;
	sengqondo esenza umntwana afune	lungazami ukusukuma;
	ukuhiala yedwa angadibani nezinto	Iungakwazi ukuhiala
	ezikhoyo nokungabi nangqondo
	a Nox: kunjalo asikwazi ukuba	Iungakwazi ukuma imizuzwana
	kubangeiwa yintoni ukugogeka	emboiwa lungabambelelanga.




lindlela ezilishumi ezisingise kwimpumelelo
Imfundo eyiyo yasepreschool ingasisiqalo
sempumelelo
yomntwana wakho.
Kwisiqendu sethu sokugqibela semfundo yabantwana
uPRIMROSE WILLIAMS
ucacisa ukuba njani na


kufote uLIEZEL NANNEMAN
K
 wasekuqaleni kubalulekile ukuba umntwana oselula akhulele phantsi kweemeko eziza kumenza abe nenkqubela, akhule, ukuze afikelele kumanqwanqwa aphezulu.
Uthi akufikelela kwiminyaka emithathu okanye emine, abazali kufuneke befune uncedo lweengcali kumaziko abantwana abasakhulayo anabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuze umntwana wakho akhule kuzo zonke iinkalo. Xa umntwana eyifumana le mfundiso uya kubanesisekelo esomeleleyo sokufunda esikoiweni samabanga aphantsi nakwesamabanga aphezulu - yiyo le nto kubaluteke nangakumbi ukuba abantwana basiwe epre-school noxa kuzindleko njengoko inyuselwe kwisixhenxe iminyaka yokungena isikolo. Mhlawumbi ungazibuza ukuba awuyilahli na imali yakho xa umntwana wakho abonakala ngathi uyadlala imini yonke. Ukuthandabuza
okunje kwenziwa kuba indima katitshala wasepre-school kukumbeka endaweni emkhuthazayo nemkhathaielayo apho umntwana anamathuba okufunda ngoxa edlala, ezikhethela azifumanele, izinto nezimvo, azame le naleya, zonke eziya kumnceda esikoiweni nasebomini.
Akukho nto anyanzeliswa ukuba ayenze epre-school. Abantwana bakhululeke ukuba benze nantoni na abafuna ukuyenza, kwaye akukho nalukhuphiswano, ngoko ke akukho mntwana onokuziva emncinane kunomnye.
Kodwa ngelixa umntwana wakho echitha imini yonke edlala, utitshala wakhe uza kuba ejonga izinto azithandayo njengendlela yokuqala yokufunda. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, utitshala uza kuqala ukumkhokela kancinane emsusa kwimidlalwana yakhe amse kwimidlalo ebhadlileyo, eh lahiela isikolo samabanga aphantsi
umama nomntwana
126 BONA XHOSA - April 2000


	indlela.	kunceda abantwaria bafunde ukuphila	6. Ukudlalela phandle
	  Abantwana abavele nje basilungele	nabanye abantu. kwanokukhuthaza
	ngokwabo isikolo. Kufuneka	ukusombulula ingxaki ukucinga nzulu	Uza kufumanisa ukuba umntwana
	basilungiseleiwe. La malungiselelo	nesakhono sokulungisa izinto	wakho ulichitha ephandle ixesha
	aza kunceda umntwana wakho akwazi	njengoko umntwana esakha izinto	elininzi, kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba
	ukuphila nabanye abantu	eziya zisibanzima,	udlala ngexesha lakhe nemali yakho.
	(ngokudibana nabanye),		Enyanisweni, uphuhlisa
	ukubanyamezela (afunde ukumelana		ukusebenzisana nokomelela
	neemvakalelo zakhe), akhule	5. Ukudlala kulinganiswa	kwezihlunu, zakhe ukubambelela
	ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni.	Oku kunika umntwana wakho ithuba	nobungqakamba njengoko etsiba,
	  Nazi ezinye izinto eziza kunceda	lokuba lichule, ukukhetha iindima	ebaleka, ekhwela ejiwuza. Ukwafunda
	umntwana wakho enze oku ngelona	ezahlukileyo zokudlala, ezinjengokuba	lukhulu ngomzimba wakhe nendlela
	xesha Iibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe:	'ngumama notata', 'ugqirha	ome ngayo ngokunxulumene nezinye
		nomongikazi'.	izinto. Ukholwa ungakholwa, le nto iza
	1. Ukupeyinta nokuzoba	  Umntwana wakho uza kuqala	kumnceda afunde. Eyona nto
		ukuceba imidlalo ngokwakhe	ibalulekileyo, uzenzela abahiobo
	Ukusetyenziswa kwemibala	ngaphandle ngokuxhomekeka afunde nendlela ebalulekileyo
	nokupeyinta ngeminwe kufundisa	ebantwini abadala. Uza kufunda yokuthethana nabanye.
	umntwana ngemibala, indawo	ukudlala kakuhie nabanye, afunde
	nobuntlaluntlalu bezinto. Uza	nezitundo ezinexabiso njengoko 1. Amabali
	kuwubona umahiuko kwindlela azoba	esabelana nabanye ngezimvo
	ngayo umntwana wakho, ukufaka	ekwaqokelela namagama amatsha Ukubalisa amabali kudla
	imibala nokupeyinta njengoko isiya	ngokuncokola.
	ikhula indlela abona ngayo, esazi
	imibala, indlela ezimi ngayo izinto
	kuphucuka nolawulo Iwezihiunu
	zakhe. Abantwana babonakalisa	    Umntwana wakho uzo kuxhamla kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
	izimvo zabo ngendlela abazoba
	ngayo.	       ixeshu Iokubanabanye ahantwana
		       ixesha lencoko namabati
	2. Ukusika	       ukukhuthazwa ukufunda ngabantu abadala abanenkathalo
	nokuncamathisela	       ithuba lokuzipholisa ngokudk!a
	Uza kufunda ukubamba	       imidkilo eyahlukileyo yokukhuthaza ukukhula komzimba nengqondo,
	nokusebenzisa isikere ngexa asika	     nexesha lokubona izinto zendalo
	ancamathisele - nto leyo eza	       ithuba lokuphuma atyelele iindawo ezinomdla eziniengamathala
	kumnceda ekuboneni kakuhie abe	     eencwadi, iipaki,imuziyam neefama
	lichule. Le nto iza kukhulisa izihiunu
	zeminwe yakhe ukuze abhale mva	       bafundiswa nanqemibhiyozo nomatheko abatulekileyo
esikoweni.


3.	Umculo nezicengcelezo
Zenzelwe ukuphuhlisa unxibelelwano nabanye nokuzithemba, ukukhumbula nokuphulaphula kakuhie. Zidla ngokubandakanya ukucula amaculo, kucengcelezwe kusenziwa iintshukumo, kubaiwe okanye kukhunjulwe ukulandelelana kweentshukumo ezenziwa ngeminwe nomzimba.


4.	Izitena zokwakha
Izinto zokudlala zokwakha (zeplastiki nezeplanga), ukuhiohia neminye imidlalo efundisayo ikhulisa umzimba nengqondo yomntwana wakho. Uza kufunda amanani angundoqo njengoko ebala, ekhetha ebeka izinto ezifanayo ndawonye. Izitena zimdlalisa umlibe njengoko zingaqhutywa okweemoto, kungakhiwa ngazo iindonga, nto teyo engakhokelela ekubeni abengumakhi akuba mdala umntwana wakho!
Ukudlala ngezitena bebaninzi
BONA XHOSA - April 2000 127




