










olukhame emabeleni. Akukhuthazwa ukuluncancisa ngebhotile kuba usana lunokwala ukuncanca ibele xa seluqhele ibhotile .Ubisi olukhame emabeleni lunokubekwa naphi na endlwini kodwa kufuneka lufakwe efrijini iiyure nje ezisibhozo,nakubeni kokona kuhle ukusebenzisa ubisi olusandul'ukuphuma emabeleni. Ubisi olukhanywe emabeleni lunezithako ezilwa neentsholongwane. Ukuze olu bisi lukhenkciswe, lufake efrijini kuqala phambi kokuba ulufake kwisikhencisi sefriji , wubhale ucace umhla olufake ngawo, sebenzisa ubisi olwaqalwa lwafakwa. Ubisi lwamabele alubuyiselwa efrijini xa selunyityilikisiwe.

Ubisi lwamabele lunokufakwa efrijini iiveki ezimbini ukanti lunokuyekwa
iinyanga ezintandathu

kwisikhenkcisi. Ubisi olukhenkciweyo kufuneka lufudunyezwe ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuphethu-phethula isitya olugalele kuso nosifake kumanzi ashushu aphuma empompeni kuba ukukhawuleza ulubilise kuya kulubangela lube nengqaka. Ungaluyeki lunyibilike kuba luya konakala.

Xa luncanca, indlela oluhleli ngayo usana ibalulekile:

Le yimiqondiso ekufuneka umama ayiqwalasele ukuqiniseka ukuba usana luncanca kakuhle:
Usana malujonge unina lwayame kuye.
isilevu sosana kufuneka sithi nca
emabeleni.
Umlomo wosana kufuneka uvuleke kakhulu. Kufuneka ulubone lulufunxa kakhulu ngokuthe ngcembe. Unokuluva luginya. Akufuneki uve kukho iintlungu ethile.


Ukulumla usana
Ukulumla kuqalisa xa luneenyanga ezintandathu kufanele kube yinkqubo ende nengakhawuleziswa. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo emayikhunjulwe lucoceko kuba iintsana kulula ukuba zichole izifo kunabantu abadala.


Ucoceko:
Zonke into zokupheka (iimbiza, iipani , iikomityi namacephe, njl) mazicoceke.
Zonke iindawo ekulungiswa kuzo ukutya mazigcinwe zicocekile.
Hlamba izandla ngesepha namanzi acocekileyo phambi kokuba ulungise ukutya. Kubalulekile ukuba kusetyenziswe amanzi acocekileyo nabilisiweyo aza aphola ukuze kulungiswe ukutya kwaxa ulilumla. Zama ukuba ungakhohleli okanye uthimle ecaleni kokutya, okanye uphathe impumlo, umlomo
neenwele xa ulungisa ukutya.

Ukutya okuqinileyo kufuneka kusetyenziswe lo gama usancancisa. Ukutya onokuqalisa
ngako kokuthambileyo, isidudu esibucwamburha esigalelwe intwana yeoyile okanye amafutha. Ubisi olukhanywe emabeleni lunokongezwa kwisidudu.

Isiqhamo esibondiweyo njenge-apile , ipopo , igwava , iipesika nemifuno emthubi (amathanga, iminqathe), kokulandelayo. Incindi yesiqhamo efreshi njengeyeorenji okanye eyetumato zinokongezwa ekutyeni. Imifuno eluhlaza inokusetyenziswa xa seluneenyanga ezintandathu.

Xa luneenyanga ezintandathu qalisa ukulunika ubumthubi beqanda buxutywe kwisidudu. Lunike ubumthubi beqanda xa seluneenyanga ezili-10 nangaphezuiu.

Umonde, uthando nokudlala kubalulekile ekuncedeni usana lutye. Ukulutyisa kunokuthabatha ixesha. Ukucula, ukuthetha nokulugcina usana lunomdla lonwabile kunokulukhuthaza ukuba lutye.

Ukuze uhlangabezana neemfuno zokondla usana lwakho kubalulekile ukuba wongeze ukutya okunik'amandla nokunye okusisondlo (ioyile , iswekile , isiqhamo, imifuno, imidumba nokutyiwa endaweni yenyama) kukutya okungundoqo. Yandisa iintlobo zokutya namashwamshwam anikwa abantwana abaneenyanga ezili-9.
Yandisa amathuba okumnika ukutya okuqinileyo namashwamshwam kane ukuya kahlanu ngemini iinyanga ezili-12. Iintsana zinezisu ezincinane, zinokutya intwana yokutya ngexesha.
Mondle umntwana ngokutya okugalele esityeni sakhe ukuze uqonde isixa asityayo, mkhuthaze xa engakucacelwe ukutya. Ukuba umntwana ebegula kufuneka atye kakhulu ukuze umzimba wakhe ubuyele kwisimo sawo sangaphambili - mnike uchatha wokutya qho ngemini iiveki ezimbini. Galela ioyile okanye imagarini okanye ipeanut
butter ekutyeni kwakhe.

Ukutya okukuko nokufingeneyo kubalulekile empilweni yomntwana.












Indlela esikhula kakuhle ngayo ibonisa ubunjani bobomi bethu.
Ukukhula akuyonto esikhe sicinge ngayo, kubalulekle ukuphawula indlela akhula ngokukhawuleza ngayo umntwana kwiminyaka yakhe yobuntwana.

Abantwana abakhuli ngokufanayo, ingxaki isenokuba kukugula okanye ukungatyi ukutya okubondlayo. Nkqu nokuba umntwana ubukeka ephilile, iingxaki zempilo zinokuqalisa ethubeni ebomini ngenxa yokungafumani ukutya okukuko kwiminyaka yakhe yobuntwana.

Kodwa unina unokwazi njani enoba umntwana wakhe uya kukhula abe ngumntu ophile qete?

Umzimba weentsana nabantwana abasebancinane yindlela entle yokwazi ukuba bakhula kakuhle na.
Ubunzima bomntwana wakho buza kubhalwa kwikhadi lakhe qho umsa eklinikhi . Ikhadi liza kubonisa ukuba umntwana uye wagonyelwa ntoni kwaye kusafuneka agonyelwe ini.

Umntwana uya kunqumama ukukhula ungekayiboni imiqondiso yokugula. Ukumsa eklinikhi rhoqo umntwana wakho ukuze abekwe esikalini kokona kubalulekileyo. Uya kuqonda ukuba kukho ingxaki ukuba umntwana uye ewutha okanye angabinamzimba mkhulu kuba umntwana ophile qete uya kuba nomzimba omkhulu.

Xa ulumla umntwana wakho ukuze atye ukutya okuqinileyo kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba ufumana ukutya okukuko nokwaneleyo. Isidudu asanele. Mnike umntwana iindidi ngeendidi zokutya.

Kwixesha ngalinye lokutya umntwana kufuneka afumane isidudu, irayisi okanye iitapile (okukutya okungundoqo); makube nenyama, okanye intlanzi, okanye ubisi, amaqanda, inyama yenkuku imidumba okanye ipeanut butter nesiqhamo, imifuno eluhlaza okanye
embala ubuqanda.

Enye indlela yokuphucula indlela atya ngayo umntwana kukongeza ipeanut butter okanye intwana yeoyile ekutyeni - oku sele kumnika isiqalo esihle ebomini. Khumbula ukunika usana lwakho okanye umntwana wakho intwana yokutya ngezihlandlo ezithile kunokuba atye kabini okanye kathathu ngemini. Oomama kufuneka bongeze intwana yeiodated salt ekutyeni komntwana ukususela eselusana. Xa i-iodine ingekho ekutyeni inokumbangela umntwana abe neziphene engqondweni nasemzimbeni kwaye xa umama okhulelweyo enengxaki yokungabikho kweiodine oku kwandisa ithuba lokuba aphum'isisu okanye azale usana luswelekile.

Ukuhlala unetyuwa kubalulekile kuba i-iodine inokunyibilika ethubeni. Ityuwa kufuneka igalelwe kwisitya esivaleka ngci, kufuneka igalelwe ekutyeni kuphela xa kuphekwe kwavuthwa. Ukuba ufuna abantwana bakho bakhule besempilweni bomelele, sebenzisa ezi zikhokelo ukuqiniseka ukuba ubondla kakuhle







Kwaye ubanuka isiqalo esihle ebomini!

Ukuphila ngokomzimba yinto sonke esingayihoyi, kukho iingxaki ezininzi zempilo ezigulisa inkoliso yabantu, maxa wambi kuba xa sele bebadala, oku kungenxa yokun-gondleki eminyakeni yobuntwana.





Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi qhagamshelana ne:
IVITHAMINI UKUTYA EKUFUMANEKA KUKO
ULUHLU LWEEVITHAMINI NOKUBALULEKA KWAZO EKUTYENI OKUTYAYO
A




B1



INIACIN



B2



B12


C



D




E
ifish liver oil , umthumbi weqanda, imagarini , ibhotolo , imifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza iziqhamo nemifuno eqanda.

Igwele, iwheat germ , iwhole wheat , inyama ebhityileyo, isibindi, izintso, nakwiilegume ezomisiweyo.

Isibindi, inyama, intlanzi, iwhole wheat , iimveliso eziinkozo nakwiilegume ezomisiweyo.

Ubisi, iimveliso eziziinkozo, isibindi, izintso, amaqanda, inyama, imifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza.

Isibindi, inyama, amaqanda.



Iziqhamo nemifuno emitsha, ingakumbi iiorenji , iinatshi nediliya. itumato , igreen pepper , ikhaphetshu neetapile .

Ifishi liver oil , umthubi weqanda, ilanga.





Ubisi, imifuno enamagqabi, imagarini , amandongomane, imifuno.


























INTO EYENZA EMZIMBENI WAKHO

Iyimfuneko ukuze umzimba ukhule namehlo asebenze kakuhle. Iyanceda ukwenza umzimba uxhathise kwizifo.



Ibalulekile kwimpilo yemithambo-luvo nometyiso nokusebenza kwentliziyo.



Inceda umzimba uzebenzise iicarbohydrate , amafutha neeprotini . Ukungayifumani kwenza ulusu lube nezilonda yaye ingasebenzi kakuhle imithambo-luvo.

Kubalulekile ekukhuleni kolusu, iinzipho neenwele. Ukungayifumani kwenza ube neenwele ezimbi, iinzipho ezophukayo namehlo akrawuzelayo.

Iyimfuneko ukuze ube negazi eliphilileyo, ithintela i-anemia (ukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi).

Zikwenza ube namandla yaye uxhathise ekusulelweni zizifo. Inceda ekupholiseni amanxeba yaye igcina imithambo emincinane yegazi iphilile.

Ilawula ubungakanani becalcium nephosphorus emzimbeni (eziyimfuneko ekwakhiweni kwamazinyo namathambo). Kufuneka uzifumane ngokwaneleyo ezi zinto usemncinane, xa ukhulelwe naxa sel'umdala.

Ikhusela izihlunu zomzimba. Yenza igazi lijikeleze kakuhle
le.

















IZIFO EZISULELWA
NGESONDO -
KUFUNEKA NINYANGWE
NESITHANDWA SAKHO
Ndineminyaka engama-22. Ngo1994 ndalala nelinye inenekazi emva koko ndadumba yaye ndanezilonda kwilungu lam lobudoda.
Ndanyangwa kodwa andaphila. Ngoku nditshotshozelelwa ngumqolo kwaye amathanga am asoloko ebuhlungu. Nokhakhayi lwam luyaqaqamba. Kukho nokukhulayo kwilungu lam lobudoda. Ngaba sesiphi isifo endinaso xa ingeyontsholongwane iHIV ? NguS.T., eBurgersfort .

Esi sifo sosulelwe ngesondo usichazayo ndisayamanisa negcushuwa. Ukwimeko embi kakhulu - kanti inokuba nkenenkene xa inganyangwa. Xa inyangwa kuseli thuba inokuba neziphumo ezihle kodwa xa inganyangisisekanga ingachaphazela umqolo, ingqondo namanye amalungu omzimba. Okukhula kwilungu lakho lobudoda kubonakala ngathi
ziintsumpa zelungu langasese. Zinokutshiswa lula. Khumbula ukuba xa unesifo esisulelwe ngesondo kufuneka neqabane lakhe livavanyiwe, lize linyangwe xa kukho imfuneko.

INALITI YOKUCWANGCISA INGAKWENZA UNGAZALI
Ndilinenekazi elinama-25 eminyaka ubudala. Ndinabantwana ababini endabazala ngo-1986 nango-1989. Emva kokuzala umntwana wesibini ndahlatywa INALITI yokucwangcisa. Naxa kunjalo, ndineminyaka emihlanu ndingasayifumani INALITI yolo hlobo nanjengoko ndifuna umntwana wesithathu. Ingxaki yam ngoku kukuba andikhulelwa. Inokuba uyintoni unobangela?
NGUM.M., eTsakane.

Ukungazali sel'umdala kuqapheleka xa isibini singenakho ukumithisana nangona sikhe sanabantwana ngaphambili. Unobangela kuba yindoda okanye ibhinqa okanye bobabini. Banokuba baninzi oonobangela kodwa kufuneka nivavanywe ukuze nifumane
unobangela ochanileyo lilonke ndicebisa ukuba nibonane nogqirha. INALITI yokucwangcisa nayo inokwenza ungazali nokuba selilide ixesha iyekiwe kodwa isingathi mininzi kakhulu iminyaka emihlanu.


IMILENZE EMHLOPHE NAMADOLO AMNYAMA
Ndilinenekazi elinamna-28 eminyaka ubudala elinengxaki yokuba namadolo amnyama kodwa imilenze yam imhlophe, ngenxa yoko ndingathanda ukwazi ukuba akukho nto ndingayithambisa kusini na ukusombulula le ngxaki. NguD.C.S., eKagiso .

Ngokubhale eleteni yakho kunzima ukuyichana ingxaki yamadolo akho. Ndinokuthelekelela nje ukuba mnyama kwamadolo akho kubangelwa kukucinezela ulusu lwakho, umzekelo kukuguqa. Zikhona izithambiso ezifumanekayo ezinokukunceda kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphepha into engunobangela, umzekelo, uguqe phezu kwento.



kwaye ubanika isiqalo esihle ebomini

108 BONA XHOSA - October l996

