                                     5

                              INGCEBO YAMANZI



Isimo samanje: sidinga

INingizimu Afrika iyizwe elomile Intshonalamga kanye nezinxenye yezindawo
ezimaphakathi nezwe kutholakala imvula encane kakhulu. Akukho manzi
amaningi ngaphansi komhlaba ngakho imifula iyimithombo yamanzi ebalulekile.

Iningizimu Afrika kaningi inesomiso, lokhu kungathatha iminyaka eminingi
ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphathwa kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu eningizimu Afrika.

lsidingo samanzi siba sezingeni eliphezulu nzuku zonke. iIRDP yathembisa
amanzi nezindlu zangasese kubantu baseningezimu Afrika. Ukwenza lokhu,
amanzi amaningi kufanele athathwe emifuleni nasemadanyini. Amanzi
ayadingeka ekunisela izilimo, izihlahla ezikhulayo, izimboni, ziningi
izinto eziding amanzi kanye wona ugesi udinga amanzi. Njengoba amanzi
amaningi asetshenziswa mayelana nokunye kwalokhu, kuyekusale amanzi
amancane emachibini nasemifuleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitshalo nezilwane
lezi ezivame ukuhlala phakathi kwalezi ndawo zithola lokhu kunzima ukuphila
khona..

Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamanzi eningizimu Afrika, okwezilimo. Ekwenza
ugesi nezimayini kungasbenzisa amanzi amaningi endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu
kugabangela ingozi kumvelo yaleyondawo, iEskom nesezimayini bazama ukuthola
izindlela yokusebenzisa amanzi futhi baphinde bawasebenzise lawo manzi.

iPWV (Pitoli, eWitwatersrand-Vereeniging) izindawo ezidinga amanzi amaningi
mayelana nezimboni kanye nabantu abahlala lapho. Akukho mifula emikhulu
kunzima ukuthi kutholakale amanzi anele kulendawo.

iNingizimu Afrika yenze isivumeiwano nezwe laseLesotho kanye neSwaziland
ukuthola amanzi kuwona.

iNingizimu Afrika yenza imali eningi ngokuthengisa izinkuni phesheya.
Imuthi ehlumuyo (amahlathi) zingaba usizo ukuvimbeli ukuguguleka
komhlabathi. Kodwa kona kusebenzisa amanzi amaningi. Yingakho ngonyaka 1972
wawufanele ube nengcwadi yemvume ukuthi utshale izihlahla eziningi. Lokhu
kwakwenzelwa ukuze kube namanzi anele asele ukuze abanye abantu endaweni
bezokuwasebenzisa.

Thina sidinga ukusebenzisa ingxenye eyodwa kokuyisi shiyagalombili kuwo
wonke lamanzi ezweni, ukuze silondoloze izitshalo zethu zasendle nezilwane
ziphila. Esikhathini samanje thina sithatha amanzi amaningi emifuleni
kangangokuba izitshalo nezilwane zihluphekela ukuphila. Lokhu sekwenze
umonakalo omkhulu ngokungcola emanzini aphuma emadolobheni, ezimbonini
nasempulazi. Thina sifanele ukunakekela ukwedlula ukuthi kuvikele
lezizindawo lapho imifula ihlangana nolwandle (estuaries*). Lezi zindawo
zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze izinhlanzi zande. Uma zona zingatholi amanzi anele
acwebile izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane azikwazi ukuphila lapho.
 IBHOKISI 5: ST LUCIA
 Ukushayisana phezu kwezwe elisetshenziswayo

 I St Lusia ingaseningizimu nomgcele wemozambique. Ifakelela izizalo
 ezinkulu zeAfrika, uhide lwawachibi nezindawo zezilwane zasendle
 ezigodliwe. Inemihlume engamahlathi engavamile, izindawo lapho kuzalela
 khona ofudu basolwandle, amahlathi etropila namanakholali. Ekulinganseni
 iminyaka elikhulu izindawo zayo zempilo yasendle yayiphansi kwenkambiso
 yeNatal Parks Board.

 Ngeminyaka yo- 1960 ingxenye yalendawo yabekalwa ukuvivinywa kwamasoja.
 Ngasempumalanga kuwidawo yokutshala izimila. Imiphakathi yaleyondawo
 yasuswa ngodli ezindaweni zabo.

 Eminyakeni eyedlule uhulumeni wanikezela ngamalungelo okupopola okgwini
 olungaseMpumalanga iRichards Bay Minerals (RBM) lenkampani yayithanda
 ukumba iTitanium ezindundumeni zesihlabathi. iTitatinium isetshenziswa
 kokunye ukupenda njengomthofu.

 i CSIR yenza umgidingo ngemvelo (EIA) yenzela IRBM.
 IEIA iyeyabhela lokhu okubili; (1)
 ezezimayini ne- ecotourism* ndawonye, and (2) i-ecotourism* ngokwayo.
 izingcweti ezahiukahiukene zancedisa ngalomgidingo.

 Abantu abaningi kwaboniswana nabo ngalomkhankaso. Amabandla athile ku NUM
 ne ANC babefuna ukuthi kuqhutshekwe ngezezimayini. Amanye amaqembu ethi
 kungenziwa ezokumba kunggavunyeiwa. Imiphakathi yendawo yona kwaxoxiswana
 naya kamuva. Umhlaba lowo IRBM yayifuna ukwemba kuwo kwakuyinxuye yelizwe
 labomndabu labo abasuswa ngo-1970.

 Kunokuthi kumelwe uhulumeni omusha wonke lomkhankaso wabangiswelwa
 phambili ukuze ikhabinethi lika Mnu De Kierk likwazi ukuthatha isinqumo.
 Ngo Desember 1993 iphaneli yokuhlolisisa yanquma ukuthi lezozimayini
 zingavunyelwa. Kodwa ngo Mashi 1994, ikhabinethi lika De Kierk
 belingakasithati isinqumo noma nje ungqogqoshe wezamaminerali nemandla
 wayethembise ukuvumelana nepanela lokohlolisisa.

 I review Panel yona yayihlose ukuba lezizimayini zizokubakhona isikhathi
 esiyiminyaka eyishunu.nesikhombisa. Emuva kwalokho kuyethatha iminyaka
 eminingi ukuthi leyondawo ilunge. Bebhlose ukuthi Iecotourism* iyogala
 masinyane iqhube isikhathi eside. I Natal Parks Board ifanele
 isebenzisane nemiphakathi kanye nezimboni ezizimele ukuhloma amaprojekti
 ecotourism kuleyo ndawo.

 Kodwa ubunini belizwe bungakalungiswa. Ngabe labo abasusiwe
 bayophindiselwa emhlabeni wabo na, noma bayonikezwa enye indawo
 okungenani? Banalo ilungelo lokumema izinkampani zezimayini e St Lusia?
 Ngabe i-ecotourism iyoletha imisebenzi kulabobantu balowomphakathi na?

 Iningi lalezizigigaba zisalindelwe ukuxazululwa Kukuhulumeni omusha
 ukuthatha isinqumo sokuthi kwenziwani manje.

Amanzi aphathwa kanjani?

Ngonyaka ka 1956 umthetho wezamanzi wakhishwa lokhu kwanika. Uhulumeni
wamandla phezu kwamanzi kodwa umthetho wase-Ningizimu Afrika, amanzi
anikezwe umuntu lowo lapho kugeleza umfula.angasetshenziswa ngumnikazi.

Umnyango wezamanzi namahlathi zenza ipolisi migomo ngokwamanzi lemigomo
isetshenziswa ngabe-hovisi lesifunda eatchment* eyodwa.

lzinkinganga Ezibhekene nohulumeni omusha:

Tzinkuiungwane ezine zabantu emadolobh nasemadolobheni amakhuiu abanawo ama
awahianzekile. Laba abantu abansundu. lmindeni eminingi ensundu emakhaya
ame ukuthola amanzi kompompi abahianganyeh noma ezimpompini, Kaningi bona
bemelwe ukuthi bahambe ibanga elide ukuthola ama lzingane eziningi zithola
ukugula emanzini angcolileyo. Ngalesosikhathi imindeni yabamhlophe ithola
amanzi amaningi ukuthelela izingadi zabo. Ngokunjalo abalimi abamhlophe
bamosha amanzi ezitshalweni zabo, bawakhokhela kancane amanzi.

Uhulumeni omusha kumele aqikelele omunye nomunye umuntu uthola amanzi
ahlanzekile ukuze ahlale ephilile. into yesibili ngukuthi ngamanzi
angakanani ezintweni ezahlukene. Uhulumeni kumele aqikelele ukuthi
kunamanzi enele izitshalo nezi nezimboni kanti futhi kumele aqikelele
nezilwane zasendle nezitshalo ukuthi zinawo amanzi okuthi ziphile.
lezizitshalo nezilwane zidingekile ukuthi ziphile ukuze nathi siphile
ezindaweni eziswakeme zibalulekile. Zona zihlenga ukungcoliseka kwamanzi
ngendlela yemvelo. Sifanele sizivikele lezizindawo.

Uhulumeni kumele aqikelele ukuthi akudlalwa ngamanzi. lapho kwenza amanzi
amelwe aphide asetshenziswe yamanzi iphansi kakhufu azimbonini nakubalimi.
Kodwa kubantu abumpofu biza kakhulu. uHulumeni kumelwe abonelele imindeni
empofu ukuthi ikwazi ukuwa khokhela amanzi abwadingayo. Abantu nezimboni
abasebenzisa amanzi amaningi kum bakhokhe kakhuiu. lntela yamanzi ifakele
i-ecosystem leyo ehianza la nalapho amanzi ethunyelwa emada

Enye into isimo samanzi nokulawulaukungcola. Abamoyango wezamanzi
namahlathi basungule indlela entsha yokuewanunguiulu ukungcolisa kwamanzi
kodwa imifula namadam asangcolile. uHulumeni fanele eme aqine ukumelela
nalabo bantu bamaqembu angcolisa amanzi Abangcolisi bona fanele akhokhiswe
ukuze kuhlanze amadamu nemifula abayingcolisayo

Umnyango wezamanzi namahlath nezemvelo zifanele ukusebenzisa kangcono
ukuvikela imifula yethu ukuze amanzi ahlale ehla-nzekile. Imibuso
yamaprovinsi neyendawo zisebenzisane naleminyango.

Ukunconywa:

1 . UHulumeni ufanele asungule uhlelo lobuzwe ukuvikela imifula yethu,
namadamu nezindawo eziswakemeyo. Uhlelo kufanele lizame ukuphungula
ukungcoliseka. Loluhlelo lubheke ukunikezelwa amanzi, ukugugulwa
komhlabathi, amahlathi, indawo yokudoba kanye nokuvikela izitshalo
nezilwane. Loluhlelo luvikele izindawo eziswakemeyo.

2. Uhulumeni ufanele ayibhekisise indlela yokuphathwa kwamanzi. Enze
imithetho eyovikela amanzi ethu. Iminyango kahulumeni ihlelwe kangcono.
imithetho nezindlela ezintsha zenzelwe bonke aba sebensiza amanzi. Yonke
lemithetho nezindlela kufanele kuvikele ezemvelo.

3. Kuguqulwe imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Lemithetho kufanele
ibekelwe izidingo zabobonke abantu baseNingizimu Afika. Lemithetho
isetshenziswe ngokufanele. Umnyango omunye nomunye ufanele ukwazi ukuthi
kufanele kwenziweni ukuvikela amanzi wethu.

4. lndawo lapho kuma khona amanzi ukuze ageiezeie emfuleni, yiyonandawo
lapho ukuhielwa nokuphathwa kweng-cebo yamanzi.

5. UHulumeni ufanele ahlanganise imiphakathi ukuze ikwazi ukuphatha amanzi.
Abesifazane kumele bathathe isigaba ngokuvikela umonakalo kwimvelo esinayo
nokungcoliseka kwamanzi. umbuso ufundise umphakathi. Imiphakathi nayo
ithathe isigabo ekuhlelweni kwemigomo yokuvikela izindawo ezinamanzi kanye
nama-eatchment* ethu. Zasize futhi ngokulawula ukungcoliseka kwamanzi
ezindaweni zabo.

6. UHulumeni kumele afunde kabanzi ngaloluhlobo lwezindlu zangasese
olufanelekayo oluyofakwa emijondolweni nasemaphandleni. Lezindlu zangasese
kumele zivikele impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo.

7. UHulumeni kumele aqikelele ukuthi alinganisa ubuningi nesikwelithi
samanzi lawo esinawasebenzisa ezweni. Lokhu kumele kweziwe ngokwesizwe,
futhi nasemphakathini. Sifanele ukuqiniseka ukuthi asithathi amanzi
amaningi ase emifuleni sasamachibini. Uma sikwenza lokho, izitshalo
nezilwane phakathi naseduze nemfula nezindawo eziswakeme zingafa.

8. Isizo lwezemvelo kumele lwenze okhulu ukusungulwa komsebenzi wezamanzi
noma yiphi iprojeti leyo engadonso izindawo eziswakeme fanele ibe nosizo
lwezemselo i-EIA kumele ibhekane nesonge phezu kwemvelo ugenga sibizo nasqo
lwabantu emalokishini nakuzwe lonke.

9. Imigomo yamanzi kuzozonke iziiinganiso zikahulumeni kumele zibheke
izenzakalo zemvelo kumele izinakekele ukuthi kuna manzi anele asele
emifuleni, ezindaweni eziswakeme emhlabathini ukuvikela i ecosystem.
lzindawo zethu iziswakeme zidinga ukuvikeiwa ekuphakeme.

10. UHulumeni abheke ukuguqula izindleko zamanzi. Izindleko zifanele
ukubonisa ukuthi amanzi kahle abiza malini, kuhlanganiswe nezindleko phezu
kwemvelo. Inani eliphezulu liyophoqelela abantu ukuba basebenzise amanzi
ngokuwoga ukuze asetshenziswe futhi.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Okuphakathi
