                                     6

                                  AMANDLA

                                  lsikhathi Samanje:

lndlela yokwenza ugesi kubanga amagreenhousegases* kanye ne-acidrain*
ukushiswa kwezinkuni kanye namalahle ezindlini kubanga umoya ongcolile.
Izimoto, amabhasi, amaloli kanye namatekisi zonke zenza umoya ongcolile
ophuma emibhobheni yezimoto. Ngenxa yaloku uma sifuna ukuvikela imimoya,
sifanele sizinakekele ngokuhlela kanye nokusebenzisa isidlakadla.*

Izizwe eziningi eEurope nase Melika eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule
zinciphise inani lamandla asetshenziswayo. Asikwenzanga lokhu eningizimu
Africa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kusasetshenziswa izindlela zakudala zenqubo.
Asikakalutholi ithuba lokugcina amandla. Kungenxa yokuthi amandla asaphiwa
ezinye izimboni ngentengo ephansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusethshenziswa ugesi
omningi, kanti lokhu kubanga umoya omningi ongalungile. Kanti futhi
ukuntswinywa kwamisa ukufundwa kwezindlela ezintsha emazweni angaphandle.

Ngenxa yokuntswinywa, umbuso wakudala waseNingizimu Afrika usaphoqelela
ukuba sizifunele amandla kagesi okungowethu. Kwaqalwa amasu okwenza
uphethilomu, ugesi, kanye nenuclear enamandla Ngokucindezelwa, endaweni
yabamhlophe kwakukhanyiswa

ngogesi kanti endaweni zabamnyama wawungekho ugesi. Ababili kuya
kwawungekho ugesi ezindlini. Amakhaya ahluphekile emadolobheni kanye
nalezondawo zisebenzisa izinkuni, uphalafini noma amahiahie. Izihlahla
eziningi emaphandieni nase-zindaweni zabantu abahluphekayo kugawulwa
izihlahle ukwenzela ukuthola izinkuni. Amakhosikazi ayehamba ibanga elide
bayofuna zinkuni zonke. Intuthu ephuma ezinkunini nasemalahleni ibanga
umoya ongcolile ezindlini. Lokhu kungabanga isifo samaphaphu.

Amandla etha amanigi lapha eningizimu Afrika atholakala emalahleni. Inani
elincane kuwoyela, izinkuni ne nuclear power. Sinamalahle amaningi
eNingizimu Afrika. Sithengisa amlahle amaningi asetshenziselwa ukwenza
ugesi kanti futhi amanye amalahle amaningi asetshenziswa lapho kuphekwa
nokubasa ukuze kufudumeze amakhaya abampofu abakhoni ukukhokhela ugesi.

Izindawo ezinkulu zazigujwa ukuze kutholakale amalahle emhlabathini. Ukuze
kuthengiswe lamalahle ethu kwezinye izindawo, siyaye siwahlwengise kuqala.
Lokhu kushiya amalahle angeke asasetshenziswa ngemuva. Kanti lodoti omningi
ongasetshenziswa uqala ukubangela ukuthi kushiswe. Lokhu kuhlangana
ekwenzeni okubizwa ukuthi acid-rain.

Ukuhlanganiswa zamandla kagesi, ezimanyini zamalahie kanye nezimboni
ezinamandla empumalanga neziteshi zibanga i-acid rain* kulezozindawo. lokhu
kungakhubaza iecosystems*. (buka 6.1). Lokhu kukhathaza kakhulu ngokuba
ingxenye yendawo yokulima ikuleyondawo lo-umhlaba ungonakala ngalezimvula
ezine asidi.

iSASOL nayo inabo ububi kwezemvelo isebenzisa amanzi amaningi futhi iveza
okuningi okulahlwayo. Kodwa basebenzisa imali eningi ukufundela.
Kusetshenziswa amanzi a ke asetshenzizwa. Baphinde futhi bafunda ukuthi
wenziwa kanjani amalahle enza intuthu encame.

ENingizimu Afrika asinayo intilasipoto ekahle eshibhile kawonkewonke.
Sisebenzisa izimoto, amatekisi, amabhasi namatilogo. Sidinga indlela
intilasipodi kawonkewonke leyo ezokwenza isibalo sezimoto sibe sincane
emgwaqeni. Lokhu kokwehlisa ukungcoliseka komoya.

Ugesi ezimbonini:

Izimboni lapha eNingizimu Afrika zikhokha imali encance kakhulu kagesi.
Lokhu kusisa thina ukukhiqiza kahle kakhulu ngokushibhile kunamanye emazwe.
Lokhu kusiza ukuthi sithengisele lezimpahla kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa khona
kunjalo, intengo leyo ayikwazi ukwenza inani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa ugesi
ngamalahle.

Kona akuhlanganiseli nenanini lomonakalo owenzeke emvelweni nasezimpilweni
zabantu ngomoya ongcolisiweyo nezimvula ezine-esidi. Lezimvula zibangwa
isibabule ezingenele emoyeni ukuza eziteshini zamandla. Abakwa ESCOM bathi
lokho kubiza kakhulu ukushintsha iziteshi zamandla ukuvikela isibabule
ekungeneni emoyeni.

Ekunikezeni ugesi oshibhile ezimbonini akwenzi bona bondwa bonge ugesi.
Kwamanye amazwe bafuna izindlela zokusebenzisa ugesi omncane ukuze bonge
imali. Lokhu kwasiza ekunqumeni ukungangcoliseki komoya.

Amalahle enziwaphi kanti asetshenziswa kanjani? Abakwa SASOL benza uoyela
ophuma emalahleni kunesiteshi esisodwa seNuclear eKoeberg (sona sodwa
eNingizmu Afrika). iMosssgas yakhiwa ngo 1987 ukwenza uphethilomu ngogesi
bemvelo.

Izinkampani ezintathu, ESKOM, SASOL kanye noISCOR cishe basebenzisa onke
amalahle asetshenziswe eNingizimu Afrika. ESKOM cishe isebenzisa izinxenye
ezimbili kokuthathu.

UESKOM ubheke ukuthi engagqugquzela kanjani abantu ekusebenziseni ugesi
omncane, futhi ukuze athole nendlela yokusebenzisa amanzi amancane
eziteshini zamandla kagesi. Lokhu kubaluleke lakhulu ngoba iningizimu
Afrika ayinawo amanzi enele, kanti sifanele ukuvikela amanzi ethu
ekungcolisweni.

idepahathimende yezokumbiwa phansi namandla isebenza kanzima ukudala ukuba
kubekhona inthuthu encane wamalahle. Bayethemba ukuthi ngonyaka ka 2000
wonke umuntu uyosebenzisa amalahle aveza intuthu encane kunalawo
esiwasebenzisayo. I- IRDP yona ngokufakela abantu ugesi ezindlini iyosiza
kakhulu ekuncipheseni intuthu yona engcolisa umoya emaphandleni, kuhelwe
ukutshalwa kwezihlahla zezinkuni zokuphemba umlilo.

IPholisi ekhishwelwa uhulunieni Omusha:

1. UoHulumeni omusha kumele aqikelele ukuthi izinto ezilandelayo
ziyalungiswa.

(i) Ukuntuleka kokuhlanzeka, kwemvelo eshibhile nobungani obunamandla
emadolobheni amampofu nasezintweni ezisetshenziswayo emakhaya.

(ii) Ukusetshenziswa budedengu kogesi ezimbonini ngokwentela yazo ephansi

(iii) Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamalahle ekwenzeni ugesi, ezimbonini kanye
nabantu basemakhaya ampofu lokhu kubangela ukungcola komoya. Izimayini
zamalahle zingadala umonakalo nokungcoliswa kwezwe.

(iv) Noma izimboni ezinjengo SASOL, Mossgas neKoeberg kundingeka ziqubeke
nalomsebenzi, uHulumeni umele abheke ekutheni kuzobiza malini ekwenzeni
lokhu, kanti ungakanani umonakalo ongenzeka emvelweni. Lokho kumelana
neRDP.

2. UMbuso kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi imindeni empisholoziba nazo izikole
nezibhedlela, abalimi abamnyama abayingcosana kanye nama bhizinisi
asemaphandleni bayakwazi ukuthola ugesi noma olunye uhlobo lwamandla.
Isibonelo, imideni ifanele ukuthola amalahle akhipha intuthu encane.
Izindlu ezakhiwe kahle ziyokufudumala ebusika kanti imideni leyo ayizi
kusebenzisa amalahle amaningi nogesi ukuzifudumeza. UMbuso kufanele
uqinisekise ukuthi kunezinkuni ezilingeneyo emaphadleni. Benze amaprojekti
okutshala izihlahla ukwenzela lokhu. Aqimiseke futhi ukuthi abantu
emaphandleni bayawuthenga uphalafini. Amandla atholakala elangeni angasiza
ukukhaniyisa ugesi, izibane, ukushisa kanye nokumpompa amanzi kanye nokunye
ukusetshenziswa emakhaya nasemabhizinisini.

3. Kuyofuneka imali eningi ukuqiniseka ukuthi wonke umzantsi Afrika uthola
ugesi namandla okudingekayo. UMbuso kufanele umisa uhlelo lwayo lokunikeza
oMossgas no SASOL imali. Bangenza ukuthi lezozimboni ezinkulu ezikwazi
ukuzenzela ukuba bazikhokhele owabo ugesi. Leyomali ingasetshenziselwa
ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abampisholo nabase maphandleni bathole ugesi,
izinkuni, uphalafini noma amalahle akhipha inthuthu encane. uEscom
agqugquzele imindeni nezimboni ukonga ugesi.

4. Indlela okuyiyona yokunciphisa ukusethenziswa kukagesi ukwenza ukuthi
izimboni, amabhizinisi nemindeni yezicebi ukuba bawukhokhele kakhulu ugesi.
Kodwa uhulumeni aqondisise ukuthi inguquko enanini likagesi kaliyithinti
kakhuiu imindeni yalabo abangayizo izicebi.

5. Amalahle wethu kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukwenza ugesi. Lokhu kudala
ukungcola komoya, imvula eno-esidi, kanye namagreenhouse gases*.
Lezizinkinga zokungcola, zingaxazuluwa kuphela uma uHulumeni enafaka
isandla endabeni yokuhlanzwa komoya. Kodwa lokhu kubiza imali eshisiwe.
NguHulumeni ofanele athathe isinqumo sokuthi lokhu kwenziwe esikhathini
esizayo, okunye okumelwe kwakhiwe iziteshi zamandla ngendlela emphambili
yokuveza ugesi. Kufanele zakhiwe ngendlela engakhubazi imvelo. UHulumene
abuke ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle, ugesi, amanzi nezinye izindlela zokuveza
i-elektrisiti uthi athathe isinqumo sokuthi iyiphi leyondiela.

6. Amalahle aveza intuthu encane, ukusensenziswa amandla elanga, izindlu
ezakhwe ngokungcono, isitovu ezingcono konke lokhu kungehlisa izinga
lukungcola ezindlini zesintu.

7. UMbuso ufanele ufunisise ukuba ngabe sifanele yini ukuqhubeka
ngokhigqiza uwoyela ngokusizwa USASOL noma siwuthenge kwamanye amazwe.

8. UHulumeni kundingeka abheke izindlela ezahlukene zokuveza amandla.
Isibonelo umoya ungasetshenziswa ukweza ngesi. Elase Ndiya lisungule
amajenereita amakhulu omoya. Kunobufakazi bokuthi lapha eNingizimu Afrika
zikhona izindawo ezilungele loluhlelo. Ama-Industri noNulumeni wendawo
bangakhokha intela encane uma besebenzisa amandla omoya UHulumeni angenza
ukuthi kube nentela kupethiloli nogesi ezenziwe ngamalahle. Lemali
ingasetshenziselwa imigidingo ngezindlela ezintsha zokwenza ugesi
ngezingcebo zethu ezisetshenziswayo, kunokwenzeka nokuthi imiphakathi
yasemaphandleni ingatshala amahlathi ezinkuni bethola usizo oluvela
kuHulumeni wesizwe.

Ukunconywa

Ukutuswa okuningi kuvumelana nalakho okuku-RDP.

1 . Ugesi kumele ufakwe kuzo zonke izikole, imizi kanye nezibhedlela

ngokuphuthumayo, imindeni ephilile kanye nababe nogesi isikhathi eside
kumele bakhokhe kakhulu, ukwazi ukufinyelela izindleko zo kufaka ugesi
emakhaya ampofu nemindeni empofu kumele isho ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhokha
malini ngenyanga kumele bakhakhe ekuqaieni kwenya nga bavunyeiwe nje lokhu
ukusebensisa ugesi phakathi kwenyanga. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni bangasebenzisi
ugesi omningi kunaloko abangakokhekhela.

  1. UHulumeni kumele abheke ekuhlanganiseni amandla ahlukene kagesi
     asetshenziswa yimindeni empofu nase maphandleni. Lokhu kubandakanya
     ukutshalweni kwezihlahla zezi izinkuni, izitshalo kanye nezilimo, kube
     yisimo esingcono sezindlu kusetshenziswa amandla avela elangeni
     ezintweni ezifana nombani, nomabonakude, umsakazo, izifutho kanye
     nokushisiswa kwamanzi, uphalafini othengiswayo futhi isimokwe
     esiphansi samalahle nezitofu ezingcono.

3. Izinto eziningi zisebenzisa amalehle ekufudumezeni nasekubhekeni
iphogramu yomphakathi kumele iqale yenze futhi inikize izinga eliphansi
lamalahle njengoba yaphakamisa RDP lokhu kovikela emvelweni izinga
lokusetshonziswa kwamalahle.

4. Umbuso kumele umise ukunikeze iMossgas, SASOL neKoeberg ngemali.

5. Ukubiza kukagesi (kanye amandla ezisusa ezinje ngezinkuni namalahle)
kumelwe sifakwe intela yomonakalo owenziwe emvelweni. Esikhathini eside,
ukushiswa kwamalahle kwenza ugesi olimaza imvelo. Izwe lizokhokha intela
yendawo engasakhiqizi izilimo ezintsha noma imithi ife.

6. Uhulumeni kumele abone ukuthi kubiza kangakanani ukuphelisa ukungcoliswa
komoya eziteshini zamandla ka ESCOM babheke nomonakalo ewenzekile emvelweni
uma bengavimbeli lokhu iziteshi zamandla wamalahle kumele bahlanze lentuthu
andukuba iphumule emoyeni, kumele abuye abheke indlela encgono okukhiqizwa
ngayo ugesi ngokuzayo. Babheke ekusetshenzisweni amalahle, amandla eNuclear
namandla e-Hydro nogesi bemvelo futhi bathole izindlela ezilula
zokusebenzisa ugesi namandla.

8. Uhulumeni umele abheke izindlela ezilula zokuthola upetiloli nodizili
bese babheke ukuthi sifanele ukuthenga uwoyela noma upetiloli ukuphuma
kwamanye amazwe. Kangalula kunoba sizame ukuzenzela thina uphalafini iwona
omele siwumbe khona imindeni empofu iyokwazi ukuzithengela.

9. Uhulumeni mele abheke ukuthi kusetshenziswa ongakanani upetilomu,
nedizili futhi mayefana nani. Mandulo lokhu kwakugciniwe kuyimfihio kumele
babhekwe ukuthi ungaka nani upetilomo nodiesel esizowudinga ngokuzayo
ikakhulukazi kokugiatshe lwayo.

10. Uhulumeni umele ahlele uphenyo oluzimele phakathi kwezemvelo
nokuvikeleka kolwazi oluganikwa amandla esiteshi eKoeberg Nuclear.
Imiphumela yalemibuzo ingasiza uhulumeni ekucabangeni ukuthi uvala iKoeberg
noma qha.

11. Uhulumeni umele abheke ukuthi sikhona yini isizathu sokugcina izimboni
zivulekile ezenza amafutha ipetioli e-Koeberg. Iqinga elingcono elishibhile
ukuthi ivalwe, abantu abasebenza lapho bona baqeqeshwe kabusha ukusebenzisa
ezinye izimboni abanye batadishe ukuthi ugesi wenziwa kanjani imitombo
eyenziwe kabusha ehlanzekile uhulumeni kumele enze isinqumo ukuthi ingabe
amandla we athomic alenhlangano kumele aqubeke noma ashintshe ngendlela
ethize.

1 2. Umbuso ufunisise ukuthi yimaphi amandla asetshenziswayo nokuthi
asetshenziselwani eNingisimu Afrika. Sidinga loluwazi kuprovinsi enye
nenye, kanye nasezindaweni zethu. Lolulwazi lungasetshenziswa esikhathini
esizayo.

13. Umbuso ungenza ninggidingo ngokwamandia awavezwa kabusha.

Babuke amandia athsiakala elangeni nasemoyeni kanye nokutshalwa wezihiahia
zezinkuni. Sifanele ukufundi kwamanye amazwe, besi senza amaprojd abo
afanele imvelo yase Ningizizumu Afrika

14. Uhulumeni mele asebenzise amandia amancane nogesi emsebenzini sakhe
asebenzi izimoto namatilog we lawo asebenzisa upetilom omncane kubaiuleki
lokhu embusweni wezwe nohulumeni wesifunda.

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Okuphakathi
