Chemicals (Maize) (words)								Setswana
Laola mefero ka nonofo mo mmiding
Instructions:
Folio strap: Taolomofero
Byline: Kgannyana e rometswe ke montshakuno yo o rotseng tiro
Lenaneo 1: Ditshelo tse di atlanegisitsweng
Lenaneo 2: Metswako e e leng mo mmarakeng
Go botlhokwa ka gale go tlhaola mathata a a kgethegileng a mefero mo polaseng ya gago. Mekgwatiriso ya tlhagolo, mekgwatiriso ya taolomofero ka dikhemikale le dithefosanyodijalo, e farologana mo sedikeng sengwe le sengwe le mo polaseng nngwe le nngwe. Mathata a mefero mo polaseng ya gago a ka farologana thatathata le a polase ya moagisani.
Tlhatlhoba mefuta ya mefero e e mo polaseng ya gago ka gale mme o tshele kopantsho e e nepagetseng ya dibolayatlhatshana tse di tshwanetseng. Tsweetswee leba mo lenaneong le le fa tlase go bona dingwe tsa diikgethelo le dikopantsho tse di kannweng tse di leng teng mo Aforikaborwa mo taolong ya mofero mo mmiding.
Ditswaki tse di mafolofolo
Dikhemikale le dikopantsho tsa dikhemikale tse di leng teng di dirilwe ka dingwe tsa ditswaki tse di mafolofolo tse dikgolo tse di laolang ditlhaga tsa sengwaga kgotsa mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga. Ditswaki tse di mafolofolo ke dinnanne tsa sekhemikale tse di kgethegileng tse di bolayang mofero ka go tshwenyana kgotsa go thibela ditirego tsa sebaeyokhemikale tse di kgontshang mefeero go tshwara marang a letsatsi le go tswelela go gola, mme kwa bofelong e ntshe dikuno.
Ka jalo dikhemikale di a kopantshiwa fa masimo a montshakuno a na le mathata a ditlhaga le matlharephaphathi ka bobedi jwa ona. Mo mabakeng a mangwe a a lesego ka ntlha ya mekgwatiriso ya thefosanyodijalo le taolomofero e e nepagetseng o ka fitlhela go ka tswa go le kgonego fela ya bothata jwa mofero wa matlharephaphathi wa sengwaga mo masimong a gago. Go tlaa bo ka jalo go le tshenyo ya madi go kgatshetsha ditlhaga. Tshekatsheko e e nepagetseng tota ya bothata e tlaa kgontsha go dirisa sentle kgotsa go fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa gago tsa taolomofero. 
Diteng tsa mmopa tsa mmu wa gago
Go molemo go itse go tswa mo dipholong tsa ditekommu tsa gago diteng tsa mmopa tsa mmugodimo wa tshimo nngwe le nngwe mo polaseng ya gago. Dikelotshelo tsa dikhemikale tsa taolomofero e e nonofileng di tlhatloga ka bonako go ya le tlhatlogo ya diteng tsa mmopa tsa mmu. Se se diragala ka gore dikholoete tsa mmopa di monyela dingwe tsa ditswaki tse di mafolofolo tse di tshetsweng ka jalo di lekanyetse khemikale e e leng teng eo semela se ka e nwang go tswa mo dibakagareng tsa metsi a a mo dikarolwaneng tsa mmu. 
Go tlaa bo go se botlhale go sa tsheleng ditoiso tseo dikhemikale tse di nepagetseng tse di atlanegisitsweng ka heketara. Polao ya mofero e e sa nonofang e ka tlhola ditatlhegelo tse di boitshegang tsa thobo setlha seno. Go tshela selekanyo se sennye sa khemikale go na le jaaka go atlanegisitswe, go tlhola gore mefero mengwe e se ke ya bolawa. Mo melokong e mentsi ya dimela “kemelano le go swa” e, e tlhola dimela tsa mefero tse di ka tshelang mo tshelong ya ditswaki tse di mafolofolo tsa sebolayatlhatshana tsa mothama o o fetang ga lekgolo go na le o o ka laolang mofero gajaana. 
Ka jalo go mo dikgatlhegelong tsa morafe wa temothuo otlhe gore ditshelo tse di atlanegisitsweng di latelwe jaaka tumelo. Fa go ka nna le kemelano, go ja ditshenyegelo tse dintsi thata tsa patlisiso le thibololo ya dikhemikale tse dintšhwa go ka nna le taolomofero e e nonofileng. 
Go sedimosa ka khemikale ya tlaleletso e e tshwanetseng go tshelwa go tlhokometswe ditengmmopa, bona tshelo e e atlanegisitsweng ya asethokoloro (acetochlor) e e laolang bogolo ditlhaga tsa sengwaga mabapi le ditengmmopa tsa mmu. “Acetochlor e dirisiwa gantsi ka kopanyo le “safener”. Se ke setswaki se ka kopantsho le “acetochlor” se thibelang khemikale e go bolaya dimela tsa mmidi tse, jaaka go tshwanetswe ga gakologelwa, le tsona e leng tlhaga. 
Khemikale
Ditswaki tse di mafolofolo g/l
% ya Mmopa
Selekanyo mo dilitareng/ha
Teponako ya tshelo 
Mofuta wa taolomofero
Acetochlor (+ Safener)
840g/litre
0 - 10
0,75 -1,00 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo ya dijalo
Bogolosegolo ditlhaga tsa sengwaga
11 - 20
1,00 - 1,30 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo
21 - 30
1,30 - 1,65 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo 
31 - 40
1,65 - 1,80 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo 
41 - 55
2,0 l/ha
Pele gat tlhogo
Pele ga tlhogo e kaya go kgatshiwa ga khemikale mo godimo ga mmu kgotsa boalogodimo jwa mmu jwa tshugopotlana morago ga go jwala fela pele dimela di tlhagelela mo mmung. 
Dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tsa semeto ka heketara di tlaa dirisiwa mo mabakeng ao go nang le tlhaselo e e kgolo e e tswelelang e e rileng ya mehuta mengwe ya ditlhaga tsa sengwaga mo masimong mangwe. 
Ditshenyegelo ka heketara tsa dikhemikale fela di tlaa farologana go tswa go R97,50 ka heketara mo mebung ya motlhaba (0% -10% ditengmmopa) go ya R150 ka heketara mo mebung ya mmopa o o kwa godimo (41% - 55% ditengmmopa).
Dijalo tsa mmidi tsa kgono ya 4,5 ditono/ha di ka akanyediwa boleng jwa R7 200 ka heketara. Ka jalo e tlaa bo e le go tlhoka tebelopele le bosilo fela go boloka R60 ka heketara fa o akanya mathata a a ka tlhagelelang otlhe a gajaana le a a akanyediwang mo isagweng. Gape, sekaseka bothata le mogakolod wa sekhimikale wa gago mme o dire taolo ka tolamo. 
Teponako ya tshelo
Go sa ntse go le botlhokwa go itse gore ke dikhemikale dife tse o yang go di dirisa gore o tle o kgone go golaganya gore “spray rig” se nne teng leng mo setlheng. Ditshelo tsa taolomofero di ka dirwa pele ga dimela di tlhoga morago ga jwalo, fela fa morago ga dimela di sena go tlhagelela mo mmung kgotsa ka nako kgotsa fela ka bonako morago ga jwalo mo godimo ga boalogodimo jwa mmu jo bo baakantsweng sentle. Boalogodimo jwa jwalo jo bo baakantsweng sentle bo kaya, boalogodimo jwa mmu jo bo boruma jo bo se nang dibodi ts di ka monyelang dingwe tsa dikhemikale tse di tshetsweng. 
Mo tshelo ka kgotsa fela fa nako ya jwalo montshakuno o ka swetsa go rika (to rig up) polantere ya gagwe gore dikhemikale di kgatshiwe mo karolong e e sephara mo morago ga mola wa polantere kgotsa mo seripaneng se se lekanyeditsweng mo moleng mongwe le mongwe. Gongwe “spray rig” se ka tsenngwa fela mo masimong. Go na le nako e ntsi ya go dira ditiro tsa kgatsho ya morago ga tlhogo.
Mokgwa wa tlhopho le ona o ikaegile thata ka bokgoni jwa terekere le didiriso tse o nang natso tse di hirilweng ke montshakuno mongwe ka bongwe. Togamaano ka jalo e tshwanetse go tsaya tsia dintlha di le dintsi tse di akaretsang kgonagalo ya gore o ka nna le sebakanyana se sennye fela sa tšhono ya go fetsa tiro ya kgatsho ya gago ka ntlha ya pula e e fetang e e tlwaetsweng. 
Tshobokanyo ya mengwe ya metswako e e teng mo mmarakeng e bontshiwa fa tlase. Jaaka montshakuno kgotsa motsamaisi wa polase, itlwaetse dikhemikale tse dikgolo tse di dirisiwang le ditoiso tsa ditswaki tse di mafolofolo mo go nngwe le nngwe. Go na le mehuta e mentsi ya maina a a gogelang mo mmarakeng, e e nang le ditswaki e e tshwanang kgotsa bapileng ka ditswaki tse di mafolofolo. Fa o ka tshwantshanya ditlhotlhwa tsa dinonofo tsa dikuno tse di farologaneng, bereka tlhotlhwa ka geramo ya ditswaki tse di mafolofolo ka litara, gore o tle o tshwantshanye ditshenyegelo ka go lekalekana. 
Ditswaki tse di mafolofolo tsa khemikale 
Tlhamego ka geramo ka litara 
Molaselekanyo go ya ka ditengmmopa
Teponako ya tshelo 
Mefero e e laolwang 
Acetochlor
750/900 g/l
0,9 to 2,7 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo. 
Bogolo thata ditlhaga tsa sengwaga.
Acetochlor (+ safener)
700/840 g/l
0,7 to 2,7 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo. 
Bogolo thata ditlhaga tsa sengwaga.
Actochlor /atrazine/propazine
96/202/202 g/l
3,25 to 7 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo. Tshela mo boalopeong jo bo baakantsweng sentle.
Mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga le ditlhaga dingwe. 
Acetochlor/atrazine/simazine (+ safener)
160/165/165 g/l
3,25 to 7,5 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo. Tshela mo boalopeong jo bo baakantsweng sentle.
Mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga le ditlhaga dingwe.
Acetochlor/atrazine terbuthylazine (ka le kwa ntle ga safener). Dikopnatsho tse dintsi
125/187,5/187.5 g/l
2.75 to 5 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo.
Mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga le ditlhaga tse dingwe.
Alachlor
480 g/l
3,2 to 4 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo. Tshela fela fa moragonyana mo boalopeong jo bo baakantsweng sentle. E seng morago ga malatsi a mabedi.
Bogolo thata ditlhaga tsa sengwaga.
Alachlor/atrazine
Dikopantsho tse dintsi 
336/144 g/l 
5,5 l /ha
Pele ga tlhogo. Tshela mo boalopeong jo bo baakantsweng sentle. E seng mo mebung ya mmopa o o kwa tlase ga 16%.
Mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga le ditlhaga dingwe. 
Ametryn
500 g/l
2,5 to 3 l/ha
Morago ga tlhogo KwaZulu Natala FELA. 
Mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga le ditlhaga dingwe. 
Atrazine
Dikopantsho tse dintsi ka ditswaki tse di mafolofolo tse dingwe tse dintsi
500 g/l
2,5 to 5 l/ha
Tshela mo meferong e e golang ka go phophoma.
Bogolo thata mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga.
Atrazine/cyanazine
250/250 g/l
2,25 to 4,25 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo kgotsa go sale gale morago ga tlhogo. 
Bogolo thata mofero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga.
Bromoxynil
225 g/l
1,5 to 2 l/ha
Tshela fa mefero e tlhogile gotlhelele. 
Bogolo thata mofero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga.
2-4D (dimethylamine salt)
480 g/l
2,7 to 5,4 l/ha 
Tshela morago ga malatsi a 5-6 mo boalopeong jo bo bongola.
Bogolo thata mefero ya matlharephaphathi ya sengwaga. 
EPTC (+ safener)
720 g/l
2 to 4 l/ha
Tshela mo boalopeong jo bo baakantsweng sentle le go tsenyeletsa mo mmung.
Bogolosegolo ditlhaga tsa sengwaga, tlhorungwe e tshetlha le e selaole.
Metolchlor (+ safener)
915 g/l
0,75 l/ha
Pele ga tlhogo. Tshela mo boalopeong jo bo baakantsweng sentle mo malatsing a mararo morago ga go jwala.
Bogolosegolo ditlhaga tsa sengwaga, tlhorungwe e tshetlha.
Jaaka go ka lemogwa mo dikaong tse di mmalwa tse go bonala go sa kgonagale mo montshakunong go lepalepana le dikopantsho tsa sekhemikale tse dintšhwa. Godimo ga moo montshakuno o tshwanetse go sekaseka gore ke efe e e gaisang go e tshela ka kelo e e nepagetseng mo mmung o o rileng mo tshimong e e nang le mathata a mofero a a tlhaolegileng. Ka gale gakololana le motho wa seporofešenale mo mofameng wa dibolayatlhatshana.
