zulu.486.Darfur new
Isihogo esisemhlabeni
BABEHAMBA ngamahhashi. “Ngangisesikoleni ngesikhathi behlasela. Umzala wami uMona wayegijima phambi kwami ngesikhathi edutshulwa. Ngama ngambamba ngesandla. Isandla sakhe ngezwa sidedeleka kwesami ngesikhathi kuphuma umphefumulo wakhe. Abanye abafana bathi angiqhubeke ngibaleke. Ngenza njengokusho kwabo,” kusho uSumaya oneminyaka engu-15.
Endleleni uSumaya wahlangana nogogo wakhe nomfowabo uMozamel oneminyaka emine. Wathatha umfowabo babaleka.
“Sagijima ngaze ngakhathala,” kusho yena. Wayesecabanga ukumfihla otshanini uMozamel ngoba wayesinda kodwa ugogo wabo wathi mabahlale ndawonye.
Kwaphela amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba bahlangane nomndeni wabo.
Bahamba ibanga elingu-150km beya eKalma Camp, okuyinkambo eseningizimu yeDarfur yabantu abaxoshwa yisihluku samasosha aseSudan nombutho wezempi weJanjaweed.
Babalelwa ezigidini ezimbili abantu abagcwele ezinkanjini zababaleki okungelula ukuba bafinyelele kuzona abanika abantu usizo.
“Kungcono ugibele indiza ube phezulu emoyeni ukuze ulubone kahle usizi lwaseDarfur,” kusho enye intatheli.
“Uma ulapho ubona izinkulungwane zamatende asezinkanjini zababaleki.”
Bangu-200 000 asebefile – babulawa yizifo noma yindlala. I-United Nations ayikazitholi izibalo zabafa ngenxa yezimpi kanti isimo saseDarfur isichaza njenge “nhlekelele embi kunazo zonke emhlabeni.”
Ezinye izinhlangano zisola elaseSudan ngalesi sibhicongo.
I-DARFUR – igama lesi-Arab elichaza “ikhaya lamaFur” – yisifunda esisentshonalanga yeSudan, esisemngceleni weCentral African Republic, Libya neChad. Izinxushunxushu kuleli lizwe zaqala nge-13th Century. Ngaleso sikhathi amaBaggara – ama-Arab anesikhumba esimnyama – athuthela kulesi sifunda okwakuhlala kusona amaFur, Masalit namaZaghawa.
Nakuba lezi zinhlanga kungezamaSulumane, zazivame ukungaboni ngaso linye. I-Darfur yayiphambili ekuhwebeni ngezigqila kanti izigqila zamaFur nama-Arab zazibanga ukungena ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane.
Njengamanje, okwenza ukuba lezi zinxushunxushu zingapheli, wukwehluka kwezidingo zamaqembu athintekayo ngasohlangothini lwezomnotho. AmaFur namaMasalit angabalimi, kanti ama-Arab angabelusi abahamba behlala noma kuphi nokuyinto esidale ukuba kube nokungqubuzana kubangwa umhlaba namanzi.
Emva kokuba elaseSudan lithole inkululeko ngo-1956, kuhulumeni kwakwande uhlanga lwama-Arab kanti sekuqubuke izimpi zomkhaya ezimbili esezidonse isikhathi eside kuliwa nabangewona amaSulumane abahlala eningizimu.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2003, izinhlangano ezimbili zamavukela-mbuso eDarfur – iJustice And Equality Movement (JEM) neSudan Liberation Movement (SLM) – zagxeka uhulumeni ngokucindezela abangewona ama-Arab.
I-SLM yinhlangano edlelana namaFur namaMasalit, kanti iJEM yona izwana namaZaghawa asenyakatho yeDarfur.
NGO-FEBRUARY 2003, amavukela-mbuso eJEM neSLM ahlasela amasosha nezakhiwo zikahulumeni. I-Khartoum yaphendula ngokuhlasela isemoyeni isiza ama-Arab ngombutho weJanjaweed, owawuhlonyiswe nguhulumeni.
Leso sigameko saphenduka saba yindlela “yokushatshalaliswa kohlanga” phezu kokuba lezo zinhlanga zombili zimnyama zingamaSulumane.
“Abantu abafika eDarfur bavame ukuthi, ‘Aphi ama-Arab? Kwenziwa yini ukuba laba bantu babe nebala elimnyama?’” kusho uMahjoub Mohamed Saleh, umhleli wephephandaba laseSudan i-Al-Ayam.
“Lezi zinhlanga ziyashada eDarfur. Indoda iba nonkosikazi ongum-Arab nongum-Africa. Lokhu zakwenza eminyakeni eminingi edlule ngenxa yezizathu zepolitiki.
“Akucaci ukuthi ngubani ozaziyo izinhlanga zaseDarfur.”
I-Darfur ayinakiwe uhulumeni waseKhartoum. Zincane kabi izikole nemitholampilo kulesi sifunda uma uqhathanisa nezinye zaseSudan.
Ngesikhathi elaseDarfur lihlaselwe yindlala ngo-1984, abasinda lapho babephila ngezitshalo zasendle nezithelo. Kulezi zinsuku abakwazi nokwenza lokho ngoba abasinda endlaleni bayahlaselwa, badlwengulwe noma babulawe.
ISIVUMELWANO sokubekwa phansi kwezikhali esasayinwa ngo-April 2004 asisizanga ngalutho kanti ne-UN yabika ukuthi izindawo ezinabantu abangesiwo ama-Arab yizona ezihlaselwayo. Kwezinye izindawo uthola ukuthi ibanga elihlukanisa indawo ehlala amaFur ecekelwe phansi neyama-Arab lingaphansi kuka-500m.
Lesi sibhicongo sathatha elinye igxathu ngesikhathi izifiki ezingu-100 000 zibalekela emazweni angomakhelwane anjengeChad. Zaxoshwa umbutho weJanjaweed owatholana phezulu namasosha kahulumeni waseChad emngceleni walawa mazwe.
NgoJuly 30, i-UN yanika uhulumeni waseSudan umnqamula juqu wezinsuku ezingu-30 ukuze iphuce iJanjaweed izikhali. Akuzange kwenzeke lokho.
“Okukhathaza amazwe ngamazwe ngalolu daba lwaseDarfur wukuhlaselwa kwendawo enamaSulumane eSudan,” kusho umongameli waseSudan u-Omar al-Bashir.
NgokweHuman Rights Watch, azisekho izindawo okuhlala kuzona uhlanga lwamaMasalit angama “islam” namaFur eDarfur. “Konke abangaziphilisa ngako okunjengemfuyo, ukudla, imithombo, izingubo zokulala nokokugqoka kushabalalisiwe.
“Ezinye izindawo zithungelwa ngomlilo.
“Ukucanasa kweJanjaweed kwenza abantu bangaphephi nasezinkanjini ngoba iyabulala, idlwengule intshontshe nezimpahla zokusiza ababaleki.”
Ngo-August 2004, i-African Union yathumela amasosha angu-300 ayezovikela abaqaphe ukuthula – lawo masosha ayenganikwanga umyalo wokuvikela abantu.
Umbiko weWorld Health Organisation owakhishwa ngenyanga eyalandela leyo wakhomba ukuthi bangaphezulu kuka-10 000 abantu abafa nyanga zonke eDarfur.
Uhulumeni waseSudan akasishayanga mkhuba isexwayiso se-UN sonswinyo kanti ngo-October amazwe anjengeLibya, Sudan, Egypt, Nigeria neChad ayichitha eyosizo lwamazwe asetshonalanga.
NAKUBA izingxoxo zokuzama ukuba kube nokuthula zase ziqalwe kabusha, amasosha aseSudan aqhubeka ahlasela izinkambo zababaleki i-Abu Sharif ne-Otash. NgoNovember 10, 2004 emva kokuba iJEM neSLM besayine izivumelwano ezimbili zesikhashana zokuzama ukuxazulula le nkinga, kwahlaselwa izindawo ezinababaleki phambi kwabaqaphi be-UN ne-African Union.
NgoNovember 22, emva kokuba iJanjaweed inqabe ukukhokhela imfuyo edolobheni laseTawila enyakatho yeDarfur, amavukela-mbuso ahlasela iziteshi zamaphoyisa eziphethwe nguhulumeni. I-Khartoum yaphendula ngokulicekela phansi ngamabhomu leli dolobha.
Ngo-April 2005, kwezwakala ukuthi iMelika yakhe “ubuhlobo kwezobunhloli” nohulumeni waseSudan.
Uhulumeni kaBush wayeka ukuyibiza ngesibhicongo sokubulawa kwezinye izinhlanga eDarfur le nhlekelele wathi izibalo ezikhishwa i-UN zinkulu kakhulu.
Phakathi kwabagxeka uMongameli uBashir kukhona noHassan al-Turabi, obiza u-Osama bin Laden ngeqhawe. Kulula ukuthola isizathu esenza iMelika ingakuboni okubi kuBashir phezu kokuhlukumeza kwakhe amalungelo abantu ngoba phela wanika uTurabi isigwebo sokutokela ekhaya.
NgoJuly isimo saba ngcono kulesi sifunda. I-Senegal, Gambia, Kenya neSouth Africa bathumela amasosha eDarfur kanti ngoJuly 10, owayehola amavukela-mbuso uJohn Garang wagcotshwa njengesekela likamongameli waseSudan kwadwetshwa nomthetho-sisekelo omusha.
Ngo-August 1 uGarang wafa engozini yokuphahlazeka kwendiza. Lokho kwathikameza imizamo yokugcina ukuthula kulesi sifunda.
Ngenyanga eyalandelayo, iJanjaweed yahlasela i-Aro Sharow okuyindawo ehlala ababaleki nokwaba yisenzo esabhebhezela izimpi.
Kwabuye kwahlaselwa naBaqaphi bokuThula be-African Union intshonalanga yeDarfur yaba yingozi ngisho nakwabasiza ababaleki.
UDABA losizo lwamazwe asentshonalanga luseyindida. UMongameli uMbeki wathi “kusemqoka ukuba izwekazi lase-Africa lixazulule izinkinga zalo.
“Asicelanga mazwe angaphandle ukuba atshale amasosha eDarfur, elase-Africa okumele lenze lowo msebenzi nokuyinto elingayenza kahle.”
“Lokho kukhomba ukuthi ohulumeni base-Africa banesifiso sokuxazulula izinkinga zabo,” kubhala uSusan Rice owayengumsizi kanobhala wesizwe e-US kwezithinta elase-Africa ebhala kwiWashington Post.
Wengeza ngelithi, nakuba ukushiywa kweMelika ngaphandle kungayithokozisa, ungqongqoshe wezangaphandle eSenegal uCheikh Gadio uyakuchitha ukuthi amasosha e-African Union angakuqeda ukubulawa kwabantu eDarfur.
Njengoba elaseSenegal linomlando omuhle wokugcina ukuthula, amazwi kaGadio kumele abhekisiswe.
“Akubambisane i-UN Security Council, European Union, African Union, ne-United States ukuze sithole elinye ikhambi lokuxazulula inkinga yokuhlupheka kwabantu eDarfur,” kusho yena.
“Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikelwa amazwe omhlaba akusho lutho kunokubulawa kwabantu bezinye izinhlanga,” kuqhuba uRice.
“Ukubulawa kwabantu akusilo udaba oluthinta izifunda. Uhulumeni okhuthaza leso senzo akahlukile kulowo ocindezela abantu.
“Umhlaba wonke uyathinteka ngokubulawa kwabantu…”
Lesi senzo siyicala eliyisihluku esenzeka kwabanoma yiluphi uhlanga, inkolo noma isifunda kanti kusemahlombe omhlaba wonke ukukuqeda lokho.”
Kuzocaca ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthi izivumelwano zokuthula ezasayinwa ngoMay zizoba yimpumelelo yini kodwa osiza abantu kulesiya sifunda wakubeka ngamafuphi ukuthi “kusemqoka ukuthola usizo lwamazwe angaphandle ngoba abantu bayafa.”
“Yimpi ebhekiswe kubantu baseDarfur lena. Abahambisani nayo.” [z]
BONA ZULU –July 2006
Abantu basafa namanje eDarfur njengoba amazwe omhlaba engabaza ukusiza lesiya sifunda kanti namazwe ase-Africa awayingeni eyokusizwa amazwe asentshonalanga…
indaba nguWALTON GOLIGHTLY izithombe ngabeGETTY IMAGES
Impi enganakiwe e-Africa
ISITHOMBE ESIKHULU: Kuhlupheka nezingane…akekho owayefuna impi eDarfur kodwa baningi asebehlukumezeke ngenxa yayo.
NGEZANSI KWESOKUDLA: Enye inkambo yababaleki.
BONA ZULU – July 2006
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BONA ZULU – July 2006
NGENHLA: Cishe zonke izindawo ezihlala abantu e-Darfur zihlaselwa umbutho weJanjaweed.
Ukubulawa kwabantu kuyicala eliyisihluku
BONA ZULU – July 2006
KWESOBUNXELE: Akwazeki ukuthi ukuphepha kwabo kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani. Izinkambo zababaleki zihlaselwa amasosha kahulumeni – kanti akulula ukuba abanika abantu usizo bafinyelele kwezinye.
