zulu.2477.legends
Izingqalabutho zase-Africa: U-Stephen Bantu Biko
Wafela
ayekholelwa kukona
NGESIKHATHI etokiswe ePort Elizabeth, ebusuku wayeboshelwa kwi-grill alale ngobhulankethi abanomchamo. Wahlukunyezwa washaywa walimala kabi ekhanda. Kwathi lapho iziphathimandla sezibonile ukuthi udinga usizo, zamthatha zamyisa esibhedlela sasePitoli.
Wayengagqokile efakwe ozankosi evalelwe ngemuva evenini. Ngo-September 12, 1977, sebefikile ePitoli, uStephen Bantu Biko wedlula emhlabeni.
Le ndoda engomunye wabasunguli beBlack Consciousness Movement yazalwa ngoDecember 18, 1946, eKing William’s Town sekusele iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuba iNational Party ithathe izintambo zombuso. Wake waphawula kanjena: “Impilo yami yonke ngiyiphile sihleli ngokwahlukana nabanye abantu.”
Ubaba wakhe wayengumabhalane kanti washona uBiko eneminyaka emine. Umama wakhe wayengumsizi wasezindlini. UBiko wayeneminyaka engu-17 efunda eLovedale High School ngesikhathi umfowabo omdala uKaya eboshwa emva kokusolwa ngokuthi uyisishoshovu sezepolitiki. UBiko wayibheka ngamanye amehlo emva kwaleso sigameko ipolitiki.
Izitshudeni nepolitiki
Ngesikhathi enza izifundo zobudokotela eNyuvesi yaseNatali eThekwini, wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile kwiNational Union Of South African Students (NUSAS). Kwase kuphele iminyaka izitshudeni ezimnyama ezazisemanyuvesi zizama ukuzisimamisa zisebenzisa le nhlangano ngoba yayingenamahloni okugxeka uhulumeni ikakhulu kulawo manyuvesi okwakukhulunywa kuwona isiNgisi enamalungu eNUSAS amaningi.
Amalungu eNUSAS amhlophe azama ukuvikela amnyama ayeyizishoshovu zepolitiki kuhulumeni ngokuwakhulumela ewasiza nangokuwacashisa.
Kodwa oBiko babona kufanele ukuba abantu abamnyama bafunde ukuzimela.
Itshe lagaya ngomunye umhlathi emhlanganweni weNUSAS owawuseRhodes University ngo-1967. UBiko nababehambele lowo mhlangano bashaqeka ngesikhathi inyuvesi ingavumi ukuba izinhlanga ezihlukene zihlale noma zidle ndawonye.
Ngabe iNUSAS yayinamaphi amandla? Izishoshovu ezimhlophe zazibuye ziphephele kuhulumeni uma isimo sesishubile – ezimnyama zazilwela isithunzi sazo. Kwakungekho lapho zazingabalekela khona.
Ngo-1969, kwethulwa iSouth African Students’ Organisation (SASO) okwakunge-yabamnyama kuphela. UBiko waqokwa waba ngumongameli wayo kanti yayilawulwa yiBlack Consciousness (BC).
Bazibambela mathupha
Abamhlophe babengasathembekile. NgokukaBiko, kwabe sekuyisikhathi sokuba abamnyama bazimele!
Kwakufanele ukuba baziqhenye ngabayikona. Kwakungafanele ukuba bazibalule ngokwemigomo ababeyibekelwe abacindezeli babo.
NgokukaBiko, iBlack Consciousness, yayimele ukuzigqaja nokuzimisela kwabamnyama.
“Isisusa sako konke lokhu,” kuqhuba yena, “kube wukuthi abamnyama abacindezelwe sebebonile ukuthi kufanele basebenzise umqondo uma befuna ukulwa nomcindezeli.”
Lowo mqondo wakhe wasabalala kuwo wonke amanyuvesi. Phezu kwako konke lokho, uBiko wasithola isikhathi sokubheka umuntu angathandana naye kanti uthando ayeludinga waluthola kuNontsikelelo Mashalaba.
Bashada ngoDecember 1970 babusiswa ngamadodana amabili, uNkosinathi noSamora.
Ukuvalwa kwezinhlangano nokuboshwa kwabantu
UBiko wazinikela kakhulu ekwethulweni kweBlack People’s Convention (BPC) ngo-1979. Le nhlangano yayizoba wuphiko lwezepolitiki olwaluzozimela lodwa lungabi ngaphansi kwezinhlaka zezinhlangano ezazingaphansi kweSASO.
Kwasungulwa izinhlelo eziningi zokusiza abamnyama kodwa kusukela ngo-1973 uhulumeni waqala ukucindezela zonke izinhlangano ezazingaphansi kweBC.
Kwavalwa iSASO neBPC. UBiko nabanye babeqoqwa ezitaladini noma kugaselwe emakhaya abo ebusuku.
Isimo sashuba emva kwezibhelu zaseSoweto ezabhebhezelwa kakhulu yiBC.
Ngo-August 18, 1977, uBiko wanikwa umyalelo wokuba ahlale eKing William’s Town. Waboshwa ngesikhathi kuvinjwe umgwaqo emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Akathweswanga cala kodwa wavalelwa ngaphansi kukaSection Six weTerrorism Act.
Emva kokuhlukunyezwa kukaBiko, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuba ayiswe esibhedlela sasePitoli. Washona ngosuku olulandelayo.
Ifa alishiyela abanye
“Imibiko eyayizwakala ngoSteve Biko, eyafinyelela nasejele laseRobben Island nakwamanye amajele uma kukhulunywa ngepolitiki, ayiwelanga phansi,” kusho uNelson Mandela mhla kumbulwa isikhumbuzo sikaBiko eKing William’s Town.
“USteve Biko wasishiya ngesikhathi ipolitiki yabantu bakithi ibonakala iyinto efile ngenxa yokuvalwa kwamaqembu imilomo, abantu begqunywa emajele, bedingiswa bebulawa. Ukucindezelwa kwamaqembu ayemele abantu kwakudlangile.”
NgokukaMandela, uSteve Biko, “wayemele ukuvuseleleka kwabantu.”
Okwaba yimbangela yokuba iBC iphumelele wukuthi yayikhuthaza abaseSouth Africa abamnyama ukuba baziqhenye kodwa yayikhona ingozi yokuthi kuleli qembu kugcine sekunokucwasana ngokobuhlanga.
I-BC yasiza ngokufaka abamnyama umoya wokungesabi. Esinye isazi sezomlando sathi: “Yasiza ababengelutho yabavula amehlo babona ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuba balindele ukukhululwa abaholi ababesekudingisweni.
“Leso sibindi sabo saba yisisekelo somzabalazo omusha lapho abantu ababengenagama ezweni bengahlome ngalutho baba namandla okubhekana namaphoyisa namasosha.
“Intsha yabhekana nombuso wengcindezelo ihlome ngamatshe.
“Nakuba lo mzabalazo wawungekho ngaphansi kwesandla samaqembu ayeholwa yiBlack Consciousness, iyona eyabanika umfutho nesibindi sokuqhuba umzabalazo.”
“Sizokwazi ukunika elaseSouth Africa isipho esihle kakhulu - sokuba abantu babe nesithunzi abasidingayo,” amazwi kaSteve Biko lawo kanti akungatshazwa ukuthi leli qhawe libalwa kulawo aba nesandla ekufezekeni kwalelo phupho.[z]
BONA ZULU – October 2006
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BONA ZULU – October 2006
