zulu.1703.circumcision
ucwaningo lukaBONA
indaba nguPATRICIA McCRACKEN
LESI yisikhathi abaningi ababekade benxusa obaba nomalume babo ukuba babayeke ukuze babhekane naso. Namuhla, ngaphansi komthetho omusha wokusokwa kusadingeka futhi ukuba bathole imvume kodokotela babo nasemakhosini abo.
Kodwa ilungelo lakudala lokusokwa mhlawumbe kuzodingeka lishintshe, ngokusho kochwepheshe bezokwelapha - okumanje uhulumeni wethu ubalalele.
Ukusokwa kwabo bonke abantu ezweni ngenye yezinhloso ezinkulu embhidlangweni wokulwa nesifo seHIV/AIDS ohlelweni lukahulumeni olusha i-HIV, AIDS and STI National Strategic Plan 2007-2011 olwethulwa engqungqutheleni yesithathu ye-AIDS esanda kubanjelwa eThekwini.
Izithunywa ezingaphezu kuka-4000 zakugcizelela "ukusokwa kwawo wonke umuntu wesilisa" ekupheleni kwale ngqungquthela.
Kwakuludaba olwalushisa lolu kangangoba bonke abesilisa abakhuluma baze bathi kungangcono uma bezodalula isimo sabo - ukuthi basokiwe noma cha. Yisihloko lesi uBONA owasithinta kakhulu ngoFebruary kulo nyaka ngesikhathi impumelelo yaso ekuvikeleni i-HIV/AIDS yadalulwa eKenya nase-Uganda. Lokhu sekukhombisile manje ukuthi kuyasebenza naseSA.
Imibuzo
Lena kwaba yingqungquthela eyaqhamuka nemibuzo eminingi.
Omunye ngowokuthi, ngabe kuzokwenzekani kuleli siko lamanye amadala kunawo wonke eSA? Ngabe abesimame bazozuza kanjani kulokhu? Inqubo yethu yezempilo izomelana kanjani nalokhu?
Omunye: ngabe kunembuyiselo uma abantu bekhohlwa wukuzivikela nangezinye izindlela futhi?
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukusokwa kwehlisa ingcuphe yokuba owesilisa athole isifo se-AIDS ngamaphesenti angu-60.
Ochwepheshe emhlabeni bakwemukela ukusokwa kwabesilisa njengengxenye yokuvikela iHIV nanjengenqubo-mgomo yabeWorld Health Organisation/United Nations' UNAIDS ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi labochwepheshe bavumelana ngezinto ezimbili:
Ukusokwa kwabesilisa ngelinye lamathuluzi ambalwa esinawo lapho sisalinde ikhambi nama-microbicide gels ukuba kutholakale;
Ukusokwa kwabesilisa kusafanele kusetshenziswe ekwengezeni kwezinye izikhali ezaziwayo zokulwa ne-HIV, njengamakhondomu, ukuthembeka nokuzithiba.
Ochwepheshe bakholwa wukuthi ukusokwa kwabesilisa kungaba lusizo olukhulu emazweni anezinga eliphezulu le-HIV lapho ngisho nama-ARVs ehluleka wukumelana
nakho njengeSA.
Eminyakeni elishumi ezayo endaweni yase-sub-Saharan Africa, nokuyikhaya lamaphesenti angu-63 abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS e-Africa, ukusokwa kwabesilisa kungasiza bobabili - abesilisa nabesimame.
Lokhu kungavikela abantu abangu-2 million ukuba bangangenwa yi-HIV kuvikele nabangu-300 000 ekufeni.
Eminyakeni elishumi elandelayo, lokhu kuzobe sekunomthelela omkhulu esizukulwaneni esizayo kwabesilisa nabesimame: ngokuvikela abangu-3,7 million kwi-HIV nabangu-2,7 million ekufeni.
Obani okufanele basokwe?
Kungangcono kube yibo bonke abesilisa, kubandakanya nabadala abangazange basoke, kusho ongumcwaningi wabe-UNAIDS uPhrofesa Bertram Auvert. Ufuna ukuthi bonke abesimame bayo yonke iminyaka basize ekuletheni ushintsho ngokwenqaba ukuya ocansini nabesilisa abangasokile.
Uphinde wathi kufanele lokhu bakuthathe njengelinye igxathu eliyisikhali sokulwa ne-HIV/AIDS hhayi elizothatha indawo yekhondomu, ukwethembeka nokuzithiba.
Kumanje u-30% wabantu besilisa bakuleli basokiwe. Kuthiwani ngamasiko lapho ukusokwa
kungenziwa?
"Uma ukuqophisana kushube ngokwanele, abantu abahlakaniphile bayayishintsha imiqondo yabo," kusho yena.
E-Korea, ngokusho kukaphrofesa, cishe kwakungekho noyedwa wesilisa osokiwe ngo-1940. Kodwa njengamanje, cishe u-60% usokiwe.
Kunini lapho abafana kufanele basokwe?
Kungakuhle ukulandela isiko labangamaJuda lokukwenza lokhu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa umntwana ezelwe lapho nezinhlungu zingakazweli kakhulu. Okungakuhle kakhulu, ngokusho kwababehambele ingqungquthela ye-AIDS eThekwini, uma lokhu kuzosiza ekuvikeni isifo se-AIDS singabhebhetheki, kungakuhle kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba umntwana womfana azibandakanye kwezocansi.
Ngabe abaholi bendabuko bazozamukela kanjani lezi zincomo njengoba zishayisana namasiko okukhula ungena esigabeni sobudala kwezinye izindawo, nokungasokwa?
Kwavunyelwana kule ngqungquthela ukuthi igxathu elilandelayo kulabo abangabashayi bomthetho wukubonisana ngale nselelo ngezindlela ezimbili - njengendlela yempilo, nangendlela yokuziphilisa kulabo abayizingcibi.
Ngesikhathi oyedwa othola ama-ARVs esethola impilo entsha, abanye abahlanu bangenwa yileli gciwane, ngakhoke lesi akusona isikhathi sokudonsisana ngokwamandla okuphatha.
Yisikhathi sokuhloniphana nesokujoyina impi yokulwa nesitha esisodwa.
Ngabe ukusokwa kuyasebenza?
Izibalo zikhomba ukuthi ukusokwa kwehlisa izinga lokungenwa yi-HIV kwabesilisa. Kodwa ngeke kukuvikele ekutheni ungazitholi ezinye izifo ezithathelana ngokocansi.
Ikhondomu kuseyiyo ehamba phambili ekuvikeleni. Uma wena uzivumela ukuba ungenwe yizifo ezithathelana ngokocansi, izilonda ezikuqalayo yizo ezingakubeka engcupheni yokuthola i-HIV.
Lokhu kuyefana nokuya ocansini olungaphephile ngaphambi kokuba uphole kahle emva kokusokwa, uzibeka engcupheni yokungenwa yi-HIV.
Iqiniso wukuthi ukusokwa kulekelela ocansini oluvikelekile, hhayi ukuthi kuthatha indawo yako - kanti futhi akusona isizathu sokuzivikela ekutheni ungasazi isimo sakho ngalesi sifo, engicabanga ukuthi isibalo sethu sabangaphansi kwengxenye bengasazi.
Ithiwani eyabesimame?
Isitho sowesimame sangasese yiso esisengcupheni yokuthola iHIV ngokocansi. E-Africa, lokhu kuphindwe ngokwedlulele ngoba abesilisa basasabisa abesimame babahlukumeze ngoba befuna ukuya nabo ocansini.
Lokhu kwenza iningi labesimame abasebasha bacabange ukuthi lena iyona ndlela abesilisa ababathanda ngayo.
UDkt Mickey Chopra wabe-Medical Research Council noDkt Olive Shishana wabeHuman Sciences Research Council bakhombisa ukuthi "labo abaqonywa kakhulu" banoma iyiphi iminyaka ngisho ngabe baseminyakeni eko-20 noma eko-50, abangabodwana noma abashadile baya kakhulu ocansini olungaphephile ngaphezu kwabanye besilisa.
Ucwaningo lukhomba ukuthi u-81% wabesimame ufuna ukuthi amadodana abo asokwe kanti u-69% ufuna ophathini babo basokwe ukuze kuvikeleke amadodana, ophathini babo nabesimame imbala.
Singakwenza kanjani ukusokwa kwabantu abaningi?
Odokotela abaningi bafuna ukubona lokhu ngendlela yezokwelapha ukuze izingozi zibe zincane kunasezikoleni zokusokwa:
Abesilisa abadala abangasokile kuyodingeka ukuba bayosoka ngendlela yezokwelapha ukuze kunciphe ukopha, izinhlungu nokungenwa wukufa.
Izingane zabafana zizosokwa emva kokuzalwa, ngaphandle kokuba abazali babe nezinye izicelo.
Uhlelo lwethu lwezempilo belungaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ngisho nangaphambi kwesiteleka. Kodwa iningi imali engena kwezempilo eSA, ngokusho kukaMark Bletcher wabeNational Treasury. Abanye bakubona ukusokwa kwabesilisa abadala kuzokonga imali ngenxa yabantu abangeke bangenwe yi-HIV badinge ukwelashwa.
Kuyithuba elihle futhi lokwethula laba besilisa ukuze kunakekelwe impilo nokuyindlela ekwenzeka ngayo kwabesimame ngezinto zokuvikela ukukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa nokukhulisa izingane, kusho uRodney Fortuin wabe-EngenderHealth eCape Town.
Indlela eya phambili
Sidinga ukubona abesilisa abangasokiwe beba yisibonelo esihle ngokuhamba phambili kulokhu. Sidinga ukubona obaba bephumela obala bethi, "Indodana yethu esanda kuzalwa isokwe esibhedlela ngaphambi kokuba sifike nayo ekhaya."
I-South Africa yizwe eliwanakekelayo amasiko alo nelalilwela ikusasa lalo.
Njengamanje, wumshikashika omkhulu wempi yokuphila kulo mbulalazwe wesifo.
Cishe izingxenye ezintathu zabantu abafayo eSouth Africa beminyaka engu-15 nengu-49 bafa ngenxa ye-AIDS.
Ubuhlungu bokusuka kwejwabu wudaba oluphambili kule nqubo - kodwa uma ukhetha phakathi kwako nokuphila, singaphika kanjani ukuthi amadodana namadodakazi ethu ayikusasa?[z]
Benza ukusokwa kube yindlela yempilo
BONA ZULU - August 2007
Empini yokulwa ne-HIV/AIDS, iSA ilungiselela ukusoka bonke abesilisa, kusukela ekuzalweni - ngabe lesi yisizukulwane sokugcina sabafana ukuya entabeni?
Kushiswa okwesikhathi esedlule? Ukuhlongozwa kokusokwa kwabo bonke abantu besilisa kusukela ekuzalweni, kusho ukucabanga ngamasiko akudala nokuyindlela esayamukela ngayo imishado.
BONA ZULU - August 2007
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Kungani kusiza
Ukusokwa kusiza ekuvikeleni abesilisa kwiHIV ngezindlela ezimbili, ngokusho kwabacwaningi. Ingaphakathi lejwabu lowesilisa linontwentwesi lwama-cell olungenwa kalula wukufa kwe-HIV, kungakho likhishwa. Untwentwesi olusha olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-keratin - olwenziwe ngamaphrotheni afanayo njengezinzipho nezinwele - lukhula esithweni sowesilisa nokuyilo olusenza singangenwa yizifo.
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U-81% wabesimame ufuna amadodana awo ukuba asokwe
Kuthiwani ngemigomo (vaccines)?
Ingaphezu kwamadazini amabili imizamo yemigomo eyehlukene ye-AIDS eyenzeka emazweni angu-20 ehlukene emhlabeni jikelele kubandakanya neSA nokuyinto engakalindeleki eminyakeni engu-20-25. Uma kwenzeka le migomo isikhona, kuyethenjwa ukuthi ingasiza nalabo asebene-HIV ithuthukise izimpilo zabo.
BONA ZULU - August 2007
Yilabo bantu abathandana nabantu abaningi kodwa abangayingeni eyokuzivikela uma beya ocansini abasabalalisa ubhubhane lweHIV/AIDS.
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IZITHOMBE © 2007 The Population Council, Inc.
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Izingane zabafana zizosokwa emva kokuzalwa
BONA ZULU - August 2007
Ayini ama-microbicides?
Ama-Microbicide yinto ebulala noma evimbela ama-microbes okuyiwo afafaza izifo, ngokusho kwabe-Global Campaign For Microbicides. Amanye angasebenza ngokuvikela ukufa lapho sekungene egazini.
Asetshenziselwa ama-gels, okhilimu, ama-suppositories, izinto zokugcotshwa ngisho nesiponji noma amaringi esitho sowesimame sangasese ekuvikeleni ukungena kwamagciwane athwala igciwane le-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelana ngokocansi.
Ukuhlolwa kwakamumva kwama-microbicide kwadingeka ukuba kumiswe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ngoba akubonakalanga esebenza kahle.
Lokhu yikho okwabambezela ucwaningo lwama-microbicide nokuzodala ukuthi angatholakali emphakathini ekutheni asetshenziswe kule minyaka elishumi ezayo. Uma esetholakala azosiza labo besimame abesilisa babo abangafuni ukusebenzisa amakhondomu. Kuzosiza futhi nabesimame bakwazi ukugwema izifo bazivikele ngokwempilo futhi bakwazi nokuthola izingane.
Ezinye izingqinamba
Amakhondomu, yiwo abhekwe kakhulu, kodwa futhi kukhona "okuvikela abesimame" okungasebenza. Ikhondomu yabesimame isiyethulwa kodwa ayihlale itholakala - kanti kunganzima nokubonisana nowesimame. Kunocwaningo oluqhubekayo lokubona ukuthi indlela endala yokuvikela ukukhulelwa, i-diaphragm, ingakwazi yini ukusebenza ekuvikeleni
kwi-HIV.
