Training (Maize) 									IsiZulu 

IGrain SA linikeza ukuqeqesha okunjani? 

Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukuqeqesha 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wePhrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi. 

Add pie charts 

IPhrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi liqonda ukuthuthukisa abalimi abamnyama abanekhono ukuba abalimi bezomnotho. Ukukhiqiza ukudla okunjengommbila, ubhekilanga, ukolo namabele kuhambelana nezindlela zokukhiqiza, zokumaketha, zokusebenzisa imishini nokuphatha umsebenzi wezokulima ezifanelekile. 

Izinkinga ezinkulu abalimi babhekene nazo ziyalandela: 

Inkinga yokungatholi inzuzo lapho kulinywa amasimu kungakwazi ukuniselwa khona (abalimi ababheka imvula kuphela – amasimu omile, uma wenza iphutha uzoshaona phansi); 

Ukuswela kolwazi, kwamakhono nobungcweti; 

Ukuswela kwemali yokuqala ukukhiqiza; 

Ukuswela kwemishini okufanelekile; futhi

Izindaba eziqondene nomhlaba nobunini bomhlaba. 



Isifundo esiyingeniso sokukhiqiza

Izifundo esizihlanganisile ngokokuqala kule phrogramu lethu yilezi: “Isingeniso Sokukhiqiza Ummbila”, “Isingeniso Sokukhiqiza Ubhekilanga”, “Isingeniso Sokukhiqiza Amabele”, “Isingeniso Sokukhiqiza Ukolo”. Kukhona amamojuli alandelayo kulezi zifundo: 

Umhlabathi nesimo sezulu; 

Izakhi zesitshalo; 

Izidingo zokudla zesitshalo; 

Ukutshala isitshalo; 

Ukhula nokuphatha ukhula; 

Izilokazane nezifo; futhi

Ukuphatha amarekhodi. 



Lapho ungumlimi osakhulayo, sicabanga ukuthi kufanele wena uqale ngalezi zifundo ezihambelana nezitshalo ezitshalwayo endaweni lapho ulima khona. Uma ungaqali ngalezi zifundo uzohlupheka ukufunda izifundo eziphakamile bese uzobambela abanye abafundi.



Isifundo Esiphakeme Sokukhiqiza Nokumaketha Ummbila 

Imininingwane yolwazi olukhona maqondana nezindlela zokwemnotho iningi kabi, ngakho-ke bekuyinkinga ukukhetha ukuthi sizofundisa ini ngoba kukhona ulwazi oluningi kakhulu. Kodwa kukhona izinto ezidingekayo esifuna ukuzifundisa kulesi sifundo. Kanjalo-ke besingakwazi ukufaka zonke izinto ezibalulekile kulesi sifundo sokuqala maqondana nokukhiqiza nokumaketha, bese sihlanganise “Isifundo Esiphakeme Sokukhiqiza Nokumaketha Ummbila”. Kukhona amamojuli alandelayo kulesi sifundo: 

Isingeniso – sibheka futhi isingeniso sokuqala; 

Isingeniso esifundisa izindlela zokulima nokuhlakula;

Imishini nokubaluleka kwayo ekukhiqizweni ukudla; 

Ukuphatha ukuvunda komhlabathi; 

Ukuphatha ukhula nezifo ngamakhemikheli; 

Ukuvuna ukudla okuzinhlamvu, ukuphatha nokubeka;

Ukumaketha ukudla okuzinhlamvu; futhi

Inshuwalense yemvuno nokuphatha ingozi engavela. 

Isifundo Esiphakeme Sokukhiqiza Ummbila sithintana netheknoloji elihambelana nokuvunda komhlabathi nobumuncu bomhlabathi. Uma ufuna ukuthola usizo kulesi sifundo, kufanele uye kuqala kwesifundo sesingeniso, futhi kufanele ukhiqize ngokwamanje ukudla okuzinhlamvu okukuthengisayo emaketheni. Lesi sifundo asingeke sifanele umlimi olima endaweni encane. 

Isingeniso: Isifundo Sokukhiqiza Ummbila seZiphathimandla Eziqobelelana Nolwazi 

Kukhona eziningi iziphathimandla eziqobelelana nolwazi ezisebenzela iminyango yeZokulima ehlukene futhi bafanele banikeze ulwazi nokusekela kubalimi. Ngokwaleka, iziphathimandla eziningi azikaqeqeshwa kahle futhi azinobungcweti emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ukudla okuzinhlamvu. Ezinye zifundile (zinamaphepha) kodwa azizange zisebenze emapulazini – into ebalulekile kakhulu ekulimeni. Ngakho-ke sihlanganise lesi sifundo: “Isingeniso Sokukhiqiza Ummbila seZiphathimandla Eziqobelelana Nolwazi”. Sesifundise lesi sifundo kaningi kuziphathimandla futhi sizame ukuzikhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa njani epulazini – sikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuzisizile emsebenzini wazo.



Isifundo: Ugandaganda Nokuphatha Imishini

Ingxenye yezinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kommbila ngendlela ezoletha inzuzo ihambelana nogandaganda nemishini. Thina sithole ukuthi isimo semishini yabalimi abasakhulayo sibi kabi – ngakho-ke singenise lesi sifundo. Kukhona amamojuli alandelayo kulesi sifundo: 

Amathulusi nokuvikelwa: 

Izinjini – zisebenza kanjani; 

Izakhi ezihambisa amandla; 

Amabheringi namasili; 

Ama-V-Belt namaketanga; 

Amathaya nezinyathelo zawo; 

Amahayidroliki; 

Ukubheka ugandaganda; 

Ukuthola inkinga evelayo; futhi

Imishini epulazini. 



Lesi sifundo sibalulekile kubo bonke abafuna ukuba abalimi bezomnotho – kufanele uqonde kahle ukuthi imishini yakhiwe kanjani, bese uzokwazi ukuyiphatha kahle. Ukuphatha imishini ngendlela efanelekile ngukhiye ozovula umnyango ukungena ekulimeni kwezomnotho. Awungeke ukwazi ukuvula lowo mnyango uma ungaphathi ugandaganda nemishini ngendlela efanelekile.



Isifundo Sabankontilaki

Sesitholile ukuthi kukhona abaningi abalimi abancane, kakhulukazi eEastern Cape, abangenemishini nogandaganda (Isikhimu Esikhulu Sokudla soMnyango Wezokulima eEastern Cape besisebenzisa kakhulu abankontilaki kodwa abazange basebenze kahle). Sabona ukuthi kuzosiza abakhiqizi bommbila ukubanikeza isifundo esizochaza umsebenzi wabankontilaki, kufanele kwenziwe ini, kanjani, ngasiphi isikahthi, njll. Sahlanganisa isifundo sabankontilaki esinamamojuli alendelayo: 

Ukunkontilaka ekulimeni; 

Umhlabathi nokubaluleka kwawo ekukhiqizweni kokudla; 

Izindlela zokulima nokubaluleka kwazo ekukhiqizweni kokudla; 

Ukutshala ukudla; 

Ukufafaza ukubulala ukhula nezilokazane; futhi

Ukubheka ugandaganda. 



Kule phrogramu yethu, asithandi ukusebenzisa abankontilaki ngoba: 

Bakhuphukisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ukudla; 

Kaningi umsebenzi wabalimi wenziwa emva kwesikhathi ngoba umnkontilaki unemisebenzi eminingi kakhulu; futhi

Abankontilaki bavama ukungasebenzi ngendlela efanelekile. 

Kodwa, zikhona izindawo lapho abalimi balima izindawo ezincane kakhulu ukuthenga ugandaganda nemishini, ngakho-ke kudingeka abankontilaki. Sikholwa ukuthi lesi sifundo sabankontilaki, sizokhombisa abankontilaki abasebenza ezokulimeni ukuthi kubalulekile ukulima ngendlela efanelekile, ngezimiso azifanelekile, ngesikhathi esifanelekile nangemali efanelekile. Lapho umlimi engatholi inzuzo, nabankontilaki abangeke banomsebenzi nakusasa emsebenzini wabo. 

Isifundo: Isakhiwo Sokusebenzisa Ipulazi Nokuhlola Izingcebo

Ngaphambi ko-1994, abaningi abalimi bebalima ezindaweni bezibizwa ngokuthi “homelands”. Ngowaleka, abaningi abalimi bebangazi ukuthi kukhona izinkinga eziningi ekulimeni futhi izinhlobo zomhlabathi nezimo zezulu ezihlukene azifanelekile ukutshala izitshalo ezithile ezizoletha inzuzo. Isifundo esibizwa ngokuthi: Isakhiwo Sokusebenzisa Ipulazi Nokuhlola Izingcebo sihlanganiswe ukusiza abalimi ukuqonda ukuthi sinjani isimo sezingcebo zabo bese bazokwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela ezobalethela inzuzo nakusasa ekulimeni. Ukusebenza nabalimi abangamalunga eziqumbi zokufunda iminyaka neminyaka kusikhombisile ukuthi kudingeka isifundo esinye. Sesiqale iphrogramu elisha elibizwa ngokuthi “Iphrogramu Labalimi Abaphakeme”, lokhu kwenze ukuthi abahlanganisi bamaphrovinsi bakwazi ukusondela kulabo balimi abazama ukuhamba phambili. Nalapho sibonile ukuthi abaningi abalimi abasebenzisi izingcebo ezikhona ngendlela efanelekile, badinga usizo ukubheka izinto ezibalulekile ukuphumelela phambili ekulimeni. Lesi sifundo sinamamojuli alandelayo: 



Isingeniso (ukuqala ukulima, izitshalo zikhula kanjani, izitshalo zingandisa kanjani, ummbila, isimo sokulima); 

Ubunini nokuphatha umhlaba; 

Ukuhlola izingcebo – okwezemvelo nokwemishini; 

Ukuhlola izingcebo – okwezimali nokwezobuntu; 

Amasu ukusebenzisa izingcebo; futhi

Izindawo nezinto ezibalulekile ukuqhubeka ngomsebenzi. 

 

Isifundo: Ukuthuthukisa Ikhono Lokwenza Umsebenzi

Iminyango Yamaphrovinsi Yezokulima ineziphathimandla eziqobelelana nolwazi eziningi ezifundile kodwa azinalo ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi emapulazini. Ngomsebenzi wethu wokuqeqesha abalimi besisebenza kakhulu noMnyango Wezokulima futhi sabafundisa izifundo eziningi. Sicabanga ukuthi uma sikwazi ukunikeza iziphathimandla eziqobelelana nolwazi izifundo ezizobasiza ukuthola ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi, zona zizokwazi ukusiza abalimi abaningi ukuze bakhule ezomnothwini. Thina asihlanganisi abalimi neziphathimandla esifundweni esodwa, ngoba iziphathimandla zinezinhloni ukubuza imibuzo ngaphambi kwabalimi – abafuni ukuhlekwa. Izifundo zethu zisebenzisa abafundi ngemishini, kodwa sithole ukuthi kaningi bayahluleka ukulinganisa imishini ngokwabo. Ngakho-ke sihlanganise “Isifundo Sokuthuthukisa Ikhono Lokwenza Umsebenzi” esinamamojuli alandelayo: 

Uhlelo lwemethriki; 

Ukuqonda ukuthi indawo ukuthi; 

Ukuvunda komhlabathi; 

Ukulinganisa nokuphatha ipulantela; futhi

Ukulinganisa nokuphatha umshini wokufafaza. 



Isifundo Sokulungisa Injini Esiphansi

Abaningi abalimi abaye esifundweni sokuphatha imishini nogandaganda bacele ukuthi isifundo esinye esizobafundisa ukuthi injini isebenza kanjani nokuyilungisa. Abaningi abalimi badliwe ngoba bona abanolwazi ukulungisa injini. “Isifundo Sokulungisa Injini Esiphansi” sinamamojuli alandelayo: 

Ukuphepha namathulusi; 

Izakhi zenjini; 

Ukuthola inkinga; 

Ukuhlubula injini nokuyilungisa yonke; 

Ithesti lekhomphreshini lenjini; futhi

Iminingilizo (specifications). 

Sifuna ukugcizelela lapha ukuthi lesi sifundo asiqondi ukuqeqesha (ukufundisa) umakheniki. Lesi sifundo siqonde ukufundisa umlimi izakhi senjini nokuzihlanganisa. Ukulungisa injini kuyinto efanele yenziwe umuntu oyingcweti. Ukulungisa injini noma igearbox kuyinto ebiza imali eningi – uma ungenalo ulwazi uzophinda uchithe imali uma uzama ukulungisa lezo zinto. 

Izifundo Zokukhiqiza Ummbila Nebhali Ngokunisela

Lapho abantu baya kulezi zifundo, abantu bayabona ukuthi umsebenzi ufanele wenziwe kanjani, kodwa bese bayabona ukuthi kukhona ezinye izidingo. Kukhona abakhiqizi ezindaweni njengaseTaung/Hartswater abakwazi ukunisela, nakwezinye izindawo eNorth West naseFree State. Nokho izindlela zokutshala ummbila ziyafana njalonjalo, kukhona ezinye izinto ezifanele zibhekwe lapho kuniselwa. Ngakho-ke sihlanganise izifundo ezimbili: “Ukukhiqiza Ummbila Ngokunisela”, “Ukukhiqiza Ubhali Ngokunisela”. Lezi zifundo zinamamojuli alandelayo: 

Isingeniso sokusebenzisa ukunisela nokuyingiliza kwamanzi emhlabathini; 

Umhlabathi, amanzi asemhlabathini nokuvunda komhlabathi; 

Amaphivoti ayindilinga – izihlelo nokuziphatha; 

Ihlelo lokunisela; 

Amakhemkheli; futhi

Isitshalo sommbila / sebhali esiniselwayo. 

Isifundo Sokuphatha Ipulazi Ngokwezomnotho

Lapho umlimi eqhubeka eya ngokwezomnotho, ukubaluleka kokuphatha konke lokhu kuyanda ukuze kutholakale inzuzo. Sesicishe siqede isifundo esisha: “Ukuphatha Ipulazi Ngokwezomnotho” esinamamojuli alandelayo: 

Isingeniso – ububanzi bokuphatha; 

Isisekelo sezimali sokuphatha; 

Ukuphatha ukukhiqiza; 

Ukuphatha izintengo; 

Ukuphatha ukumaketha; 

Ukuphatha izimali; 

Ukuphatha i-administreshini; 

Ukuphatha izingcebo ezingabantu; 

Ukuphatha umphakathi; 

Ukuphatha izingcebo nempahla; futhi

Ukuphatha okujwayelekile. 



Ezinye izifundo ezikhona

Uma sicabanga ngezinkinga abalimi bazibhekene nazo ngokwamanje ekulimeni, kakhulukazi abalimi abasakhulayo, sibone ukuthi kuzosiza ukubheka lezi zinkinga sasesihlanganise izifundo ezilandelayo: 



Inkinga ngokungatholi inzuzo ekulimeni eNingizimu Afrika (awukwazi ukwenza iphutha lapha).

Ukuphatha Ipulazi Ngokwezomnotho; 

Ukukhiqiza Nokumaketha Ummbila Okuphakeme; futhi

Isakhiwo Sokusebenzisa Ipulazi Nokuhlola Izingcebo.



 Ukusweleka kolwazi nobungcweti.

Isingeniso sokuKhiqiza Ummbila; 

Isingeniso sokuKhiqiza Ubhekilanga; 

Isingeniso sokuKhiqiza Ukolo; 

Isingeniso sokuKhiqiza Amabele; 

Isingeniso sokuKhiqiza Amantongamane; 

Ukukhiqiza Nokumaketha Ummbila Okuphakeme; 

Isifundo Sabankontilaki Ekulimeni; 

Isifundo Sokuthuthukisa Amakhono; 

Ukukhiqiza Ummbila Ngokunisela; futhi

Ukukhiqiza Ubhali Ngokunisela. 



 Ukusweleka kwezimali zokuqala ukukhiqiza.

Ukuphatha Ipulazi Ngokwezomnotho: futhi

Isakhiwo Sokusebenzisa Ipulazi Nokuhlola Izingcebo.

 

 Ukusweleka kwemishini okufanelekile.

Ukuphatha Kwemishini Nogandaganda Epulazini; 

Isifundo Sabankontilaki Ekulimeni; futhi

Ukulungisa Injini Okuphansi. 

 

Izindaba ezihambelana nomhlaba nobunini bomhlaba. 

Ukuphatha Ipulazi Okuzoletha Inzuzo. 



