Measure										Zulu



Ukulinganisa kuletha ulwazi



Instructions:

Folio strap: Management

Byline: Jane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu lokuThuthukisa leGrain SA

Ngezikhathi zakudala, ngaphambi kokuba ukulima kukhule kwaba umsebenzi obhekene nenzuzo nokuthola imali, abalimi abazange banake ukulinganisa kakhulu. 



Basebenzise umquba okhona emasimini abo – basakaze umquba okhona ngaphambi kokuvuna. Basebenzise izinkabi, amahhashi noma izimbongolo ukudonsa igeja, futhi bashonise igeja ngokujula okuzokwazi ukudonswa yilezo zilwane. Batshale izimbewu ezisesakeni ebeliboshwe ezinceleni ngesandla - ngelikhono lesandla kuphela. Bahlakule ngezandla futhi bazame ukubulala izifo ngezindlela ebezikhona futhi bavune ngezandla – bebangazi ukuthi batshale amahektheli amangaki futhi bebangazi ukuthi bavune umvuno ongakanani. Bebaqonde nje ukwazi ukuthi umvuno uzokwanele ukubeka ukudla etafuleni nokufuya izimpahla ngonyaka ozayo. Kodwa manje izinto sezishintshile…



Ngokwamanje kufanele kudingeka ukuthi silinganise – ukulinganisa nokubala okwandayo kusilethela ikhono lokuthola ikhono lokuqondisa nokwandisa indlela siphatha umsebenzi wethu wokulima. Kulesi sibhalo sizohlola, sizoxoxa sizobhekana nezinto thina esingabalimi sifanele sizilinganise. 



Amasimu

Kudingeka ukuthi sazi ubukhulu bamasimu esiqonde ukuwatshala. Konke ukubala kwenani lamandla kagandaganda, inani ledizili, inani lezimbewu, inani likamanyolo nelamakhemikhali kufanele kulingane nobukhulu bensimu ezotshalwa. 



Umhlabathi 

Imihlabathi iyehluka ngezindlela eziningi: njengokujula nangesimo. Kufanele sazi uhlobo lomhlabathi nokujula kwawo ensimini ngayinye ngayinye lapho sifuna ukutshala khona – ungacabangi ukuthi umhlabathi wakho uyafana kuzo zonke izindawo! Uhlobo nokujula komhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha ukuthi uzotshala uhlobo lwezitshalo olunjani – ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo awukwazi ukuzitshala emhlabathini ongashonile ngokujula. Lapho unamasimu anomhlabathi angashonile ngokujula akusho ukuthi uvelwe ingozi – kusho nje ukuthi ubothola iqiniso maqondana nezitshalo ongazitshala kulawo masimu ukuze uthole inzuzo (ngamanye amazwi, uhlobo lotshani olungatshala emhlabathini ompofu ukwakha amadlelo azokulethela inzuzo). 



Inani lokudla nesimo sobumuncu (pH) emhlabathini

Zonke izitshalo zimunya ukudla emhlabathini ukuze zikwazi ukumila zikhule. Ezinye izinto njengemvula nokuhamba kwamanzi phakathi emhlabathini kungaba nesithunzi enaneni lokudla okungatholakala emhlabathini. Lapho umlimi ethatha amasampula omhlabathi uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi isimo sokudla sinjani futhi inani lobumuncu (pH) linjani emhlabathini. Uma umhlabathi umuncu kakhulu kodwa ukudla okwanele kukhona, isitshalo asingeke sikwazi ukumunya lowo kudla. Uma singazi ukuthi isimo somhlabati sinjani, asingeke sikwazi ukulinganisa ukuthi kuzodingeka umanyolo onjani nongakanani ukuze sikhiqize ukudla okuhle. 



Ukushisa nokubanda

Zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zinomkhawulo wokushisa lapho zehluleka ukumila kahle. Kufanele sazi ukuthi inani lokushisa nokubanda lizobanjani ngonyaka wonke, futhi ukuthi isithwathwa sokuqala sizofika nini. Lapho sesinayo yonke le mininingwane singakhetha ukuthi nguluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo oluzozwana nesimo sezulu nangobude besikhathi sokumila esikhona endaweni silima khona. (Khumbula ukuthi isikhathi sokumila siqala ngesikhathi sokutshala bese siya esikhathini sokuvuthwa kokudla – isikhathi esizokufika ngaso isithwathwa sokuqala sizokutshela ukuthi isikhathi sokumila sigcina nini). 



Inani lemvula

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi izulu livama ukuna kangakani njalo ngonyaka endaweni lapho ulima khona, futhi ukwazi ukuthi kuvama ukoma ngaziphi izikhathi. Thina sonke siyazi ukuthi asikwazi ukutshela izulu ukuthi lifanele line nini, kodwa uma sibheka imvula evama ukuna njalo ngonyaka singacabanga ngokuthi sifanele silime kanjani ngonyaka ozayo. Ngezinsuku zakwamanje inhlaziyo yesimo sezulu esizokuza ishaya khona kakhulu futhi iyasitshela ukuthi kuzofika nini ukoma nobumanzi ngaphambili kwezinyanga eziningi – kufanele usebenzise lolu lwazi ngendlela efanelekile. Ukulinganisa inani lemvula akunzima (izilinganiso ezingamaphulastiki zingatholakala kalula futhi kufanele uzibeke ezindaweni ezahlukene epulazini lakho). Emva kokuna kwemvula kufanele uyilinganise ubhale phansi inani. Imilimitha eyodwa enethayo ingena emhlabathini imanzisa umhlabathi kancane – kufanele ulinganise inani lemvula ukuze uzokwazi ukuthi umhlabathi umanziswe kangakani. 



Inani lezitshalo ehektheleni

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi utshale inani lezimbewu eliqondile ehektheleni ukuze uthole inani elifanelekile. Inani lezitshalo elifanelekile alifani kuzo zonke izindawo futhi lingahluka endaweni eyodwa ngoba kungaba khona izinhlobo zomhlabathi ezahlukene. Isizathu sokubaluleka kwenani lezitshalo yilokhu: isitshalo esodwa sidinga ukudla namanzi okuthile ukuze sikwazi ukumila ngawo wonke amandla aso – uma inani lezitshalo lingaphansi kakhulu, umkhiqizo uzoba ngaphansi futhi, uma izitshalo ziningi kakhulu zizoncintisana ukuthola amanzi nokudla bese umkhiqizo uzophinda ube ngaphansi. Kufanele umlimi azi kahle ukuthi ububanzi ngaphakathi kwemisele kufanele kubenjani futhi ukuthi izitshalo zisondelene kangakani emiseleni – lokhu kubalulekile emkhiqizweni wokudla okuzinhlamvu. 



Inani lokuthela umanyolo

Izitshalo zidinga ukudla ukuze zikwazi ukumila nokukhiqiza ukudla okuzinhlamvu. Inani lokudla elidingekayo kuhambelana nenani lomvuno oqonde ukuvuna (inani elijwayelekile umlimi angalithola ensimini ethile nangesitshalo esithile). Umphumelo wamasampula omhlabathi uzokhombisa isimo sokudla okukhona emhlabathini ngasikhathi esithil. Maqondana nalokhu inani lokudla okudingeka ukufakwa lingalinganisekwa. Umanyolo udingeka kakhulu ima sifuna ukukhiqiza umvuno omuhle, kodwa uyadula. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubala nokuthola inani eliqondile likamanyolo esizowufaka emhlabathini. 



Ukusebenzisa amakhemikali (umuthi wokubulala izifo nokhula)

Lokhu kungenye into lapho ukulinganisa kubalulekile kakhulu. Onke lamakhemikhali afika ngomlayezo okhombisa inani afanele athelwe ngalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Inani lomuthi libalwe lilinganiswe ngokuqaphela okukhulu ukuze umlimi athole umphumelo omuhle angalimazi izitshalo zakhe noma imvelo. Inani lokuthela lo muthi livama ukutholakala ngokulinganisa umuthi namanzi bese kuyahlanganiswa – isibonelo, ilitha eli-1 lomuthi lihlanganiswa ngamalitha angu-250 ukuthela ehektheleni elilodwa (lokhu kulinganisa kubalulekile futhi). Amakhemikali asetshenziswa ekulimeni angadala ingozi enkulu futhi ayadula – ngakho-ke kufanele ahlanganiswe ngendlela efanelekile. Ukulinganisa komshini ofafazayo kungenye into ebalulekile ekulimeni.

 

Ukulinganisa inani lomvuno

Ngemuva kokwenza yonke le misebenzi, ulinganisile ukuthi uthole umvuno ongakanani ehektheleni elilodwa? Kudingeka umsebenzi omningi ukukhiqiza umvuno omuhle, futhi ekugcineni kufanele uqonde kahle ukuthi uphumelel kanjani. Uqale ngomhlabathi – wase walima waphinda wakhetha isitshalo ofuna ukusitshala, waphinda wakhetha uhlobo lwaleso sitshalo, wakhetha inani likamanyolo ofuna ukulifaka, wakhetha amakhemikhali oqonde ukuwasebenzisa nenai lawo – konke lokhu bekudla isikhathi, amandla nemali eningi. Bese uthola ukudla emasimini okufanele kuvunwe futhi okufanele kuthengiswe – manje kufanele ubale kahle ukuthi ithani elilodwa belinezindleko ezingakani futhi uthole inzuzo engakanan. Ngale ndlela kuzokhanya ukuthi uyitholile yini imbuyiselo ngenxa umsebenzi wakho noma cha. 



Kule programu yethu yokuthuthukisa abalimi sithola abaningi abalimi abangazi ukuthi amasimu abo angakanani, abangazi ukuthi umhlabathi unjani ujula kangakanani, bangazi isimo sokudla emhlabathini, umanyolo abazowuthela, inani lezitshalo, njll. Kufanele kulinganiswe zonke lezo zInto. Ngale ndlela uzoqhubeka ube umlimi wezomnotho. 





