Land (1 972) 									Zulu



How can I get access to land? 



Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukuthola amasimu 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu lokuThuthukisa Abalimi leGrain SA. 



Ngokwejwayelekile singasho ukuthi zonke izindlela zokulima zidinga umhlaba (amasimu) – kungaba indawane encane nje lapho wakha ithonela lokutshala amaveji, noma kungaba amasimu amakhulu noma idlelo elikhulu lokufuya impahla ezindaweni lapho kuvama ukoma khona kakhulu. 



Kodwa-ke uma umhlaba usetshenziswa ukulima, kufanele ube nemvumo yomthetho ukungena nokulima kuleyo ndawo – lokhu kubopha isivumelwano ngaphakathi komnini wepulazi nalowo ozolima khona (kungenzeka ngokuthi umnini nomqashi ngumuntu oyedwa). 



Ukuthola ipulazi

Kukhona izindlela ezahlukene zokuthola imvumo yokulima endaweni ethile, nazo lezi zindlela zihambelana nezimo ezinhle nezinye ezingathandeki kakhulu. Into ebalulekile efanele uyikhumbule njalo yilokhu: zonke izivumelwano eziphathelene nokulima endaweni ethile zifanele zibhalwe phansi uma ufuna ukuthi zizaamukelwa nasenkundleni yomthetho – isivumelwano esenzwe ngamazwi kuphela asibophekile jikelele. 



Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi lapho isivumelwano sisesisha abantu abavumelanayo ngokuthi umsebenzi uzokwenziwa kanjani bazwana kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kodwa, kungenzeka ukuthi bangasazwani futhi kungagcina ehhovisini. Ngokwejwayelekile, lapho kuvela noma kubekwa amacala ahambelana nobunini noma ukuqasha komhlaba, kukhona izimali eziningi ezilwa ngazo – ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izivumelwano zibhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngomsebenzi wokulima ukuze bobalili abangene kuleso sivumelwano bazovikelwa lapho kuvela amacala. 



Izindlela ezahlukene zokuphatha noma kuba nobunini bomhlaba:

Ubunikazi; 

Ukuqasha; 

Imvume ukuhlala emhlabeni womuzi wonke; 

Nokusherisa ukutshala. 

 

Ubunikazi bomhlaba

Isiqephu nesiqephu somhlaba eNingizimu Afrika, nasemhlabeni jikelele sinencwadi yesibopho ehambelana nomthetho. Uma ungumnini waleso siqephu somhlaba, kufanele ubenayo leyo ncwadi ekhombisa ukuthi ungumnini qobo. Kuleyo ncwadi kuchazwa isimo saleso siqephu somhlaba. Incwadi yesibopho kuyinto esekela umthetho esetshenziswa ukunikeza imvume yobunikazi. Incwadi yesibopho yaziwa kakhulukazi ukuba indlela yokuhambisa ubunikazi busuke komuntu othile buye komunye. Incwadi yesibopho ikhombisa ukuhambisa ubunini bomuntu othile kumuntu omunye maqondana nomthetho. Ukuhambisa bobunini kurejestiwa ehhovisini lencwadi yesibopho ezindaweni ezikhethiweyo eNingizimu Afrika. Incwadi yesibopho ingubufakazi bobunikazi besiqephu somhlaba. 



Ngokwejwayelekile, uma ufuna ukuboleka imali, izindawo ezibolekayo zidinga isibambiso semali etshelekwayo. Izindawo eziboleka imali njengamabhange zilondoloza imali yamakhlayente azo ukuze ikhule, ngakho-ke amabhange afuna ukuqinisa ukuthi imali ebolekiwe ilondekile. Umnikazi wepulazi (umphathi wesitifiketi sobunikazi) ungasebenzisa lelo pulazi libe isibambiso semali ebolekiwe. Bese ibondi lirejestiwa libopheke kuleso sitifiketi sobunikazi futhi sibeka phansi ukuthi ingakanani imali ebolekiwe. 



Isibonelo: masithi umnikazi wepulazi ufisa ukuboleka R100 000 ebhange. Ibhange lizorejesta ibondi elingu-R100 000 elibopheke kuleso sitifiketi sobunikazi. Uma umuntu obeleke leyo mali ehluleka ukuphinda ukuyibuyisela, umphathi webondi (ibhange) ungacindezela umphathi wesitifiketi ukuthengisa lelo pulazi ukuze yena umphathi webondi ekwazi ukuthola imali yakhe. Uma inani lentengiso lepulazi lifika kuR200 000 (isibonelo), bese ibhange lingathatha inani lemali ebolekiwe. Lapho umphathi wesitifiketi sobunikazi uboleke R50 000, ibhange lingathatha R50 000 kuphela noma ibondi lingu-R100 000. 



Ukuqasha

Lapho umuntu ufisa ukulima epulazini lomunye umuntu, yena nomnikazi bangena esivumelwaneni sokuqasha. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ofisa ukuqasha indawo ethile, aqinise kahle ukuthi ngubani umnikazi walelo pulazi. Isivumelwano sokuqasha yisivumelwano esibhalwe phansi futhi sikhombisa imininingwane mayelana nesimo saleyo ndawo eqashawayo, isikhathi sokuqasha, inani lemali elizokhokhwa nezikhathi leyo mali izokhokhwa ngazo. 



Isibonelo: isivumelwano sokuqasha singaba ngaphakathi kwaMnz X (oqashisayo – umnikazi wepulazi) noMnz Y (umqashi – umuntu ofuna ukusebenzisa ipulazi) ukuqasha ipulazi Dawn elisefundeni saseTweespruit, ubukhulu balo bungamahektheli angu-400, isikhathi sokuqasha siyiminyaka emithathu, sibiza R150 ehektheleni elilodwa njalo ngonyaka futhi leyo mali izokhokhwa njalo ngezinyanga eziyisithupha ezilandelayo (hhayi emva kwezinyanga ezidlulile). Kungaba khona ezinye izimiselo kuleso sivumelwano – isibonelo: izizathu zokungaqhubeki ngaleso sivumelwano, imvume ukukhipha imithi, ukubheka ucingo, nokunye okuhambelana nepulazi elithile. 



Umqashi wepulazi akakwazi ukusebenzisa lelo pulazi libe isibambiso sokuboleka imali – lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngumnikazi wepulazi. Kukhona futhi isimo esinye esithi ”ukuqasha kuhamba phambi kokuthengisa”. Masithi isikhathi sokuqasha silangana neminyaka emithathu kodwa umnikazi wepulazi ufuna ukuthengisa ipulazi ngaphambi kokuphela kwaleyo minyaka emithathu, umnikazi ufanele axoxane nomqashi ukuze bavumelane – kungenzeka ukuthi umnikazi omusha avume ukuqhubeka ukuqashisa ipulazi kulowo mqashi noma umnikazi ungavuma ukukhokhela umqashi inani lemali elithile bese isivumelwano sokuqasha siyaphela siyavalwa. 



Lapha ekulimeni kwethu, isivumelwano sokuqasha sivama ukuba ngaphakathi kwabalimi ababili – omunye ongumnikazi nomunye ofuna ukulima khona; noma ngaphakathi kwemanisipali nomlimi (lapha ipulazi lingaba endaweni ephathwa umanisipali); noma umnikazi ungaba umbuso (igavumente) – kukhona izindawo eziningi ezinkulu ezikagavumente ezilinywa ngabalimi abangene esivumelwaneni sokuqasha. 



Imvume yokuhlala endaweni esetshenziswa ngumuzi wonke (PTO) 

I-13% lomhlaba eNingizimu Afrika lisezandleni yemikhandlu yezigodi (izizwana) – lokhu kufika kumahektheli angu-17 miliyoni. Ngokuqiniseka, ugavumente ungumnikazi walowo mhlaba – ngokwejwayelekile kunguMnyango WeZindaba ZeZimihlaba, Umnyango WeMisebenzi YomPhakathi kodwa uphathwa imikhandlu yezigodi. 



Nangoba abanye abantu bathi awekho amarekhodi aluqobo abhaliwe maqondana nobunini bomhlaba osetshenziswa ngumuzi wonke (izizwe), uhlelo nezindlela zokunikezwa umhlaba kwaziwa bonke abantu abahlala kulezo zindawo (lokhu mhlawumbe kufanele kubhalwe phansi, kodwa mhlawumbe ehhovisini lapho kubekwa khona amasitifiketi afakaza ubunikazi bomhlaba). Abafundi abaningi sebabhale izincwadi ezizama ukuchaza inkinga yokusebenzisa izindawo zomuzi wonke nalezo ebeziphathwa maqondana nomthetho wasemakoloni – ngoba kukhona uhlelo oluqondile olubhalwe phansi lapho abelungu bathole ubunini bomhlaba othile, kodwa ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa ngumuzi wonke awekho amarekhodi abhalwe phansi. Uma umgomo wokuthola umhlaba kudala umkhiqizo ovela ekulimeni futhi ozokwehlisa ubumpofu, sekufanele sithi sekuyisikhathi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenzisa izizwana ithathwe ngokukhuthaza, futhi kutholwe ezinye izindlela zokuphatha le nkinga yokuboleka imali nokuqasha izindawo ezisemphakathini. Sifisa futhi ukuthi indlela yokurejesta ubunini bomhlaba osetshenziswa ngumuzi wonke uhlolwe kamusha – lokhu kuhambelana nokuhlola okuqalile okubhekana nale nkinga yokwenza umhlaba osezanjeni zomuzi wonke uzokwazi ukuletha inzuzo ekulimeni. 



Umthetho omusha udlulisiwe nguphalamende waseNingizimu Afrika ngo-2003 – Umthetho Womhlaba Womuzi Wonke. Kakhulukazi lo mthetho uthi umhlaba osezandleni sikagavumente futhi osetshenziswa ngumuzi wonke (ngaphansi komthetho wemikhandlu yezigodi), ufanele uhanjiswe kumuzi wonke osebenzisa leso siqephu somhlaba – umqwamanqa ufanele uhlanganise umhlangano ozoba nesimi emthethweni (Umhlangano Wogwamanqa Wobunini Bomhlaba (Communal Property Association)) ukuze uthole isitifiketi sobumnikazi baleso siqephu somhlaba. Ukusebenzisa lowo mthetho kungaba nomthelelo omningi mayelana nabaphathi bezinkundla zezigodi. Ngokwamanje ukunikeza ubunini kusezandleni sabaphathi bezinkundla zezigodi – lapho lowo mthetho uzongeniswa, labo abaphathi (amakhosi) bangeke babenekhono lokunikeza ubunini bomhlaba, lokhu sekusezandleni zomuzi wonke (umgwamanqa). 



Ukunikeza umhlaba womuzi wonke ezandleni zabalimi ukuze usetshenziswe ngendlela ezoletha inzuzo (umnotho) kunezinkinga ezinye. Cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo:

Ngoba umlimi akasiye umnikazi wesiqephu somhlaba, akakwazi ukusebenzisa lowo mhlaba ube isibambiso lapho efuna ukuboleka imali (kodwa kukhona okunye okuhle lapha – uma wehlulekile ukuthola ibondi kuleyo ndawo, awunasibopho ukukhokha isikwenetu futhi abakwazi ukuyithatha leyo ndawo). Konke lokhu kungathatha isikhathi, kodwa umlimi okhuthele uzokwazi ukuqhubekela phambili kancane kancane ngoba aziningi kakhulu izingozi zezimali ezizomvelela. 

Ubukhulu bomhlaba onikezelwa umndeni othile maqondana nohlelo lwePTO abuningi ngokwejwayelekile – ezizweni zasempumalanga (the East) kuyahluka (lapho bathola 1 ha - 2 ha) nasezindaweni zasentshonalanga (the West) lapho abalimi bavama ukuthola 15 ha). 

Umhlaba oyisidlelo osetshenziswa umuzi wonke uyinkinga ukuphatha ngoba onke amalunga omuzi afanele avumelane ukuthi idlelo lizophathi kanjani (isibonelo: indawo ethile izodliswa nini, indawo ethile izophumula izimpahla zingangeni khona ngasikhathi esithile, isikhathi sokufaka izinkunzi nesikhathi sokuzisusa, njalonjalo). 

Abantu abangasebenzisi umhlaba abanikeziwe. Kwezinye izindawo abanye abantu bangazama ukusebenzisa lezo zindawo (bangavumelana nomnikazi ukunikeza inani elithile lomkhiqizo ozotholakala noma bangayiqasha leyo ndawo). Kodwa, kwezinye izindawo kungenzeka ukuthi lapho umnikazi evumela abanye abantu ukulima endaweni yakhe, uzolahlekelwa leyo ndawo. Lokhu kudala enye inkinga: abaningi abanikazi bomhlaba bayala ukuvumela abanye abantu balime amasimu abo ngoba bayesaba ukuthi bazolahlekelwa lawo masimu – manje umhlaba ulele nje, awusetshenziswa. 

 

Ukusherisha umvuno 

Ukusherisha umvuno kuluhlelo lokuqashisa lapho umuntu ungumnikazi wamasimu ngokwemthetho, kodwa akanekhono (imali) ukusebenzisa lawo masimu. Ngesivumelwano esifana nalokhu, umuntu onobunikazi ungenisa ubunini bakhe esivumelwaneni, omunye yena ungenisa ikhono lakhe ukukhokha izindleko zokuqala ukulima nemishini yakhe futhi nguye osebenzayo kuleyo ndawo. Imininingwane yaleso sivumelwano ingahluka ngabantu abathile – abanye bazoshersiha inzuzo (imali etholakalayo), abanye bazohserisha umkhiqizo. Isibonelo: isivumelwano sithi umnikazi wamasimu uthola 10% lomkhiqizo – isaka elilodwa lapho kuvunwa amasaka alishumi (ithani elilodwa lapho kuvunwa amathani angu-10). Isivumelwano esifana nalesi senza ukuthi ngonyaka omuhle bobabili abasherishayo bazothola inzuzo enhle kodwa lapho isimo sezulu sibi, kuzoluza bobabili. Isivumelwano sokuqasha asisebenzi kanje – umnikazi wamasimu uzothola imali yakhe nokho umqashi engatholanga umvuno noma qha – lokhu kungaba kubi lapho umqahsi engatholi lutho eminyakeni emibi. 



Ngokugcina, sifisa ukunitshela ukuthi kukhona izindlela ezahlukene zokungena esivumelwaneni sokuthola indawo yokulima – zimisele ukuthola isivumelwano esizwana nezidingo zakho bese uqala ukusebenza – awungeke ube umlimi ekugcineni uma ungaqali manje! 

