Bread (Maize) 									Isizulu

Isinkwa sethu semihla-ngemihla – mhlawumbe singeke sisasithola njalo 

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Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wePhrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi 

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Photos: 

Photo 1: USamuel Moloi (Umlimi Wonyaka ngo-2009), uvune ukolo ongamathani angu-3.5 ehektheleni lo nyaka.

Photo 2: USamuel Moloi uvuna ukolo. 

Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni abantu babheka isinkwa njengento evamekile hhayi isenzelelo. Nalapha eNingizimu AfrikaI bekunjalo, iminyaka eminingi abalimi bebakhiqiza ukolo okwanele ukubeka isinkwa njalo ematafuleni ethu. 

Iminyaka emibili edlule abalimi bebabhekene nenkinga ngoba bebahluleka ukukhiqiza ukolo bathole inzuzo futhi – izindleko zokuqala ukulima ziningi kakhulu futhi intengiso iphansi kakhulu. 

Abalimi basebhizinisini, njengakwamanye amabhizinisi kufanele uthole inzuzo uma ufuna ukuphumelela. Inani lemali oyikhokhayo ukukhiqiza ukudla lifanele libengaphansi kwenani lentengiso lalokhu kudla. Kodwa ngeminyaka edlule, izindleko zokuqala ukulima zikhuphuke kakhulu, imishini yokulima, idizili, umanyolo, izimbewu, amakhemikheli, inshuwalense, ukuvuna nentilansipoti konke kuphukile. Intengiso kodwa iyehla. Abalimi ngokwamanje babhekene nenkinga ngoba kuyakhanya ukuthi abasakwazi ukutshala ukolo. 

Lapha ngizohlolisisa ukukhiqiza ukolo emasimini abheka imvula kuphela. Lokhu akufani nalapho kuniselwa khona. Lapho kuniselwa khona kutshalwa kabili ngonyaka futhi abalimi bayazi ukuthi bazothola imvuno ephakeme. Inzuzo etholakalayo emasimini aniselwayo ivama ukuba ngaphezu kwenzuzo etholakalayo emasimini lapho kuna khona kuphela. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi asikwazi ukunisela onke amasimu ngoba izwe lethu alinawo amanzi akwanele. Futhi singacabangi ukuthi abaniselayo balima kamnandi, singakhohlwa ukuthi basebenzisa ugesi ukumpompa amanzi emasimini. Sonke siyazi ukuthi uEskom ufuna ukukhuphukisa intengo kagesi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka,kuzokhuphukisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, mhlawumbe kuzovimba abanye abalimi ukukhiqiza ukudla. 

Kungani abalimi basatshala ukolo? 

Abalimi baqale ukutshala ukolo ebusika eMpumalanga Freyistata ngesikhathi sase-1950. Ngaleso sikhathi izindleko bezilingana ne-0.5 lethani ehektheleni, ngokulima ngokuhlakanipha bavame ukuvuna ithani eligcwele. Lokhu kungabhekeka njengemvuno encane, kodwa khumbula ngaleso sikhathi bekungeku izimbewu eziyisphesheli futhi bekungathelwa umanyolo. Kodwa abalimi bayitholile inzuzo. Ezindaweni eziningi eFreyistata umhlabathi uyakwazi ukulondoloza amanzi. Imvula yasehlobo nasekwindla iyahlala emhlabathini bese ukolo usebenzisa lawo manzi ukumila kuze kufike imvula yasentwasanhlobo. 

Abalimi batshale ukolo iminyaka eminingi, kwase kwangena ukolo wasendle (wild oats) emasimini. Lokhu kwaba inkinga ngoba lesi sitshalo sicishe sifane nokolo, bekunzima ukubulala lesi sitshalo ngaphandle kokulimaza ukolo oqobo. Abalimi bebecindezelike ukubheka ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo njengommbila nobhekilanga ukushintshana nokolo. Ukushintshana izitshalo zasebusika nalezo zazehlobo bekusebenza kahle. Kakhulukazi bekusiza ukubulala ukhula. Ukolo wasendle omila ebusika wayengabulawa emasimini ngaphambi kokutshalwa kwezitshalo zasehlobo. Futhi ukhula omila ehlobo wayebulawa kalula emasimini kakolo ngoba lezo zinhlobo zokhula zinamakhasi abanzi, ngakho-ke bekulula ukusebenzisa amakhemikheli. 

Abalimi baqale ukwakha uhlelo lokushintsha izitshalo bazitshalayo – olunye lungafana nalokhu okulandelayo: ukolo nokolo, bese ummbila nommbila, ubhekilanga bese kulandela ukolo futhi. Umlimi nomlimi ulandela uhlelo aluthandayo. Ngesinye isikhathi ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo – kaningi izinhlobo zefoliji. 

Manje abalimi babhekene nenkinga – badinga ukutshala isitshalo esimila ebusika kodwa abasakwazi ukutshala ukolo ngoba ukolo awusabaletheli inzuzo. Bazokwenzani manje? 

INingizimu Afrika iyabadinga na abalimi abakhiqiza ukolo? 

Kungumbuzo omuhle lo esifanele siwubuze – nogavumente ufanele ubuze lo mbuzo. Kungani sifanele siphatheke ngenkinga yabalimi? Obani abazoba nendaba uma bakhawula ukukhiqiza ukolo? 



Kuyiqiniso ukuthi umhlaba jikelele uyanciphiswa – izinto ziyathengwa ziyathengiswa emakethe lomhlaba. Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ithenge wonke ukolo odingekayo phesheya, nokolo odingekayo emazweni amanye njengaseLesotho, eSwazini naseBotswana. Kodwa uma sifuna ukuthenga ukolo phesheya, kufanele sicabange ngezinto ezilandelayo: 

INingizimu Afrika inayo imali ekwanele yokuthenga phesheya? Khumbula ukuthi uma ufuna ukuthola imali yokukhokha phesheya, kufanele ubenazo izinto zokuthengisa phesheya ukuyithola leyo mali. 

Amazwe aphesheya azoba nokolo okwanele odingekayo lapha eNingizimu Afrika njalo ngonyaka? Kuzokwenzekani uma bathatha ukolo osele kubo bese bafuna ukwenza i-ethanol, sizothola kuphi ukolo? 

Ikhona imikhumbi ezoletha ukolo lapha eNingizimu Afrika? 

Amatheku (ports) ethu azokwazi ukuphatha konke ukudla okuzinhlamvu okudingekayo lapha nakwamanye amazwi eduze nathi? 

Imigwaqo yethu izokwazi ukuphatha intilanspoti ezothutha konke ukudla okusuka olwandle? 

Bazoyaphi bonke abantu abasebenza emapulazini lapho kutshalwa khona ukolo? 

Bazoyaphi bonke abantu abasebenza emaco-ops namasayilo aphatha ukolo? 

Kukhona abantu abaningi abampofu emaphandleni – kufanele sakhe imisebenzi yezomnotho kulezo zindawo. Ukulima kuyinto engcono engaletha umnotho. Abalimi bethu bafanele bathole inzuzo ukuze bakwazi ukuqhubeka ukukhiqiza. 

Kwenzekani ngabalimi abansundu abasakhulayo? 

Sonke sisebenza ngamandla ukuguqukisa ukulima lapha eNingizimu Afrika – kukhona abaningi abalimi abansundu abadinga ukutshala ukolo ohlelweni lwabo lokushintsha izinhlobo zezitshalo. Ngokwamanje sisaphumelela ukusekela abalimi abangena ekulimeni ngoba banenhlanhla ukuthola amagranti avela kuWinter Cereals Trust nakuMnyango Wezokulima waseFreyistata. Uma sifisa ukusekela abalimi abansundu ekulimeni okuzoqhubeka, kudingeka sibheke kahle ukutholakala kwenzuzo ngokutshala ukolo. 



Sinjani isimo sokuthenga phesheya? 

Emazweni amanye emhlabeni isimo sezulu singcono ukutshala ukolo – umhlabathi unonile nemvula iningi (imvula ifika njalo ngasikhathi esifanayo), nokukhithika kunikeza amanzi emhlabathini ebusika (ukolo osemncane awulimali kakhulu lapho kumakhaza). Izindleko zokukhiqiza zamanye amazwe futhi ziphansi – inani lentengo ledizili nomanyolo lingaphansi kwenani lalapha kithi. Lawo mazwe akwazi ukukhiqiza ukolo oningi kakhulu bese bayakwazi ukuthengisa phesheya ukolo ongadingeki. Yebo, iNingizimu Afrika iyakwazi ukuthenga ukolo phesheya – kodwa khumbula imibuzo esiyibuzile phezulu.



Uyini umxazulo? 

Sikholwa ingxenye yezinto zokuxazulula le nkinga kungaba ukungenisa intelo kukolo obuya phesheya (import tariff). Lapho ukolo ubuya phesheya, umuntu othenga lo kolo bese uzokhokha naleyo ntelo esphesheli. Leyo ntelo izolethela izwe inzuzo, futhi izocindezela inani lentengiso labalimi likhuphuke. Khumbula, lapho umgayi efuna ukuthenga ukolo, ubheka ikhwalithi nenani lentengo. Ngokujwayelekile, ukolo walapha eNingizimu Afrika unekhwalithi elihle, kodwa intengo iphezulu bese umgayi uthenga ukolo obuya phesheya. Uma umgayi ecindezelwa ukukhokha intelo, uzocabanga ukuthenga ukolo walapha. Lokhu kuzosiza abalimi ngoba intengiso ezotholwa ngabalimi nayo izokhuphuka. 

Uma abalimi bethu bakwazi ukuthola inzuzo ngokutshala ukolo, bazokwazi ukutshala ukolo omningi ngokudlula. Bese iNingizimu Afrika ayingeke idingeke ukusebenzisa imali yokuthenga ukolo phesheya, okwezomnotho kwasemaphandleni kuzoqhubeka, kuzonikeza abantu abaningi umsebenzi, abalimi bazokwazi ukuholela abasebenzi babo iholo elingcono, njll. Izwe lethu lizosizakala ngezindlela eziningi.

Intelo yokungenisa ukolo izokwenzani ngentengo yesinkwa? 

Uma sibheka inani lentengo:



Isinkwa, 20% - 25% lentengo lilingana nenani likakolo esinkweni; 

Isaka lommbila – 35% - 45% lentengo lilingana nenani lommbila. 



Uma isinkwa sibiza R8,00 (isibonelo), inani likakolo esinkweni mhlawumbe lizofika ku-R2,00. Manje mhlawumbe intelo ingaba 5% (okuzabaning!). Lokhu kuzokwandisa intengo yesinkwa nge-10c. Lokhu akusikho into enkulu kuloyo othenga isinkwa, kodwa kungaba into enkulu kumlimi ngoba kungamvimba ukushona phansi! 



Kukhona izingozi kuwo wonke amabhizinisi – kodwa kubalimi izingozi zingablimaza kakhulu, ngoba: 

Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukukhiqiza ukudla (kuqala ekulimeni – ukulungisa amasimu – kuze kufika lapho kuzovunwa); 

Izitshalo zibhekene nezingozi eziningi (ukomisa, ukuna kakhulu, isithwathwa, ukukhithika, umoya ovunguzayo); 

Abalimi bangabamukeli bentengiso – umlimi akakwazi ukubiza imali ayithandayo lapho ethengisa ukolo wakhe ngoba konke ukudla okuzinhlamvu kuthengiswa endaleni (emakethe) kusho ukuthi uzothola leyo mali ebekwe endaleni. Kaningi umlimi ucindezelwa ukwamukela intengiso engaphansi kwenani lezindleko zakhe zokutshalo lokhu kudla. 

Uma ungumbhaki wezinkwa, uthenga ufulawu, ubiza imali oyithandayo lapho uthengisa ama “bread roll” akho. Uma umthengi engafuni ukukhokha leyo mali, wena ongumbhaki uzokhawula ukuthenga ufulawu futhi uzokhawula ukubhaka lezo zinkwa kuze kwehle intengo kafulawu. Kodwa wena ongumlimi awukwazi ukukhawula lapho usutshalile ulinde intengiso ikhuphuke – usuyikhokhile imali yokutshala, kufanele uqhubeke uvune uthengise umvuno ngemali ebekiwe. 

Abalimi bethu bayigugu elikhulu – basebenza ngokukhuthaza, babhekene nezingozi,futhi banikeza abantu balapha ukudla nethuba lokusebenza eNingizimu Afrika. Khumbula ukuthi singathola ukudla kuphela uma amanye amazwe anokudla okuningi kakhulu futhi uma sinayo imali yokuthenga lokho kudla phesheya. Uma isimo sezulu sibi phesheya, lawo mazwe angeke athengise ukudla kwabo, ngeke sikwazi ukuthenga lokho kudla. Uma inani lokushintshana kwezimali zaphesheya liqala ukulimaza inani leRand, thina ngeke sikwazi ukukhokhela imali yokudla kwaphesheya bese abantu bethu bazolamba njengakwamanje amazwe eAfrika. Abalimi bethu bangabantu abakhuthele lapha eNingizimu Afrika ngakho-ke kufanele sibasekele baqhubeke ukukhiqizela izwe ukudla. Uma uphinda futhi uthenga isinkwa – cabanga ngalowo mlimi olahlekelwe imali ukuze wena uthole ukudla! 

