Ukulondoloza (Ummbila) 							 IsiZulu 

Ukulondoloza ingcebo yemvelo – ukwembesa umhlabathi nokudleka komhlabathi

 Instructions:

Folio strap: Ukulondoloza umhlaba 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi 

Photos: Isembeso somhlabathi: Lokhu kuyinhlanganiso kwezinhlanga, amakhasi nomhlabathi othambile okubekwa eduze nezitshalo ukuvimba ukushabalala (ukukhothwa ngumoya) komswakamo, ukuvimba ukuqanda kakhulu kwezimpande nokuvimba ukumila kokhula. 

 

Iconsi lemvula eliwela emhlabathini ongembeswe lingadala ingozi lapho imvula ina kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi umlimi ezame ukuvimba leyo ngozi eyenzekayo emhlabathini lapho lina kakhulu izulu. 



Incwadi yethu Imvula ephume ngoFebhruwari ixoxe ngokulondoloza umhlabathi wangaphezulu, futhi beyibhekana kakhulukazi nezingozi zokudleka komhlabathi nezinhlobo zokudleka. Lapha sizama ukuchaza ukuthi imvula ingadala ingozi enjani emhlabathini ongembeswe nosizo esingaluthola lapho sembese umhlabathi.



Ukusakaza kweconsi lemvula

Ingxenye yamandla yamaconsi isetshenziswa ukusakaza amahlayihlayi omhlabathi kuzo zonke izindawo. Lapho umhlabathi ulingene uthe ndindilizi, umhlabathi usakazeka ngokufana kuzo zonke izindawo bese akungeke kulahleke umhlabathi omningi, kodwa lapho umhlabathi usemehlelweni, umhlabathi omningi uzosakazeka ezansi. Kanjako-ke umhlabathi osemehlelweni uzomuka ezansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bese uzolahleka. 



Kukhona ukulingana ngaphakathi kwamandla kwamaconsi nokudleka komhlabathi. Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ukudleka okuningi komhlabathi (50% - 80%) kwenzeka kakhulukazi lapho lina kakhulu izulu ezindaweni lapho kuvama kuna khona ehlobo. 



Isenzo sokwehlela

Lapho ukwehlela kukhulu, kuzokwenzeka ukudleka okukhulu ngoba:

Maningi amaconsi asakezeka emehlelweni. 

Amanzi amaningi azogeleza ezansi. 

Amanzi azogeleza masinya, ngokugijima. 



Ubukhulu bokwehlela

Ubukhulu bokwehlela nezindlela zokuphatha lokhu kuzovimba ukuthi kutshalwe izinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi kuleyo ndawo, uma ukudleka komhlabathi kuzophathwa ngendlela efanelekile. Kakhulukazi lokhu kuhambelana namandla amanzi ukuguguleka umhlabathi futhi nesimo somhlabathi kuleyo ndawo – ezinye izinhlobo zomhlabathi zidleka masinya, ezinye kancane. Okulandelayo kuyisibonelo sendlela sokusebenza ukuvimba lokhu endaweni ethile:

Onke amasimu alinywayo anokwehla okungaphezu kwa-3% afanele avikelwe ngamakontula (lokhu kuyinto eyakhiwa ukuze umhlabathi uphakanyiswe ukwenza udonga lapho amanzi amaningi kakhulu azokwazi ukuhamba khona aphume ensimini). 

Izitshalo ezitshalwa ngohlu (row) zingatshalwa kuphela emasimini anokwehla okungaphansi kwa-10%. 

Ukudla okunezinhlamvu ezincane kangatshalwa kuphela emasimini anokwehla okungaphansi kwa-15%. 

Amadlelo atshaliwe angatshalwa kuphela lapho ukwehla kungaphansi kwa-30%. 

Ukwehla okungaphezu kwa-30% kungasetshenziswa kuphela ukutshala imithi noma ukulondoloza izinto zemvelo njengezinyamazane. 



Izinto ezimilayo ziyinto enkulu ezivimba ukudleka komhlabathi ngenxa imvula. Kakhulukazi izinto ezimilayo zakha into efana nesambulela – zivimba amaconsi ngaphambi ashaya umhlabathi. Amaconsi emvula awela phezu kwezinhlanga namakhasi alahlekelwa amandla awo ukudala ingozi emhlabathini ngoba nawo amaconsi ayasakazeka bese awanamandla ukusakaza umhlabathi, amanzi ageleza ngezinhlanga namakhasi aze afike ngokuthamba emhlabathini. 



Isembeso sezinhlanga somhlabathi sisebenza kangcono nezinto ezimilayo ezakha isambulela. Isembeso sibamba amaconsi eduze nomhlabathi, bese sehlisa amandla amaconsi ukuqhubekela phambili. Nalapho isembeso sezinhlanga singembesi zonke izindawo zingasiza ezinye izinto ezimilayo ezakha isambulela ukuvimba ukudleka komhlabathi. 



Isembeso sezemvelo kungaba izinti zotshani, amakhasi, uthuli olutholakala lapho kusahwa khona izinkuni nemithi. Ekulimeni, izinto ezisalayo ensimini emva kokuvuna zisebenza kangcono. 



Umsebenzi wesembeso somhlabathi

Umsebenzi wokuvimba ukudleka komhlabathi uqondene nobukhulu besembeso somhlabathi. Singasho futhi okuphambene nalokhu – ubukhulu bokudleka komhlabathi kuqondene nezindawo lapho umhlabathi ungembeswe khona.

 

Okusalayo emva kokuvuna kufanele kushiywe phezu komhlabathi – kodwa kungaba khona izizathu zokukususa, isibonelo: izifo zezitshalo ezingabakhona, inayitrojeni emhlabathini ingehla ngenxa yokubola kwezinhlanga ezisele, kungadingeka ukulima futhi masinya noma kungadingeka ukubulala ukhula, njll. Bese kukhona indlela ejwayelekile eNingizimu Afrika ukusebenzisa okusalayo ukufuya izinkomo nezimvu. 



Lapho sicabanga ngezindlela zokulima, kukhona imishini esingayisebenzisa ukulima ngaphandle kokulimaza isembeso somhlabathi. 



Lapho kutshalwa khona ngohlu (rows), ukulima nokuhlakula kungenzeka ohlelweni kuphela, bese izindawo ezingaphakathi kwezinhle (kwemisele) zingashiywa zembesiwe. Ukhula bese ungabulawa ngamakhemikheli. 

