

Ukhula (Ummbila) 	 							IsiZulu 



Ukhula nokuphatha ukhula



Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukuphatha ukhula

Byline: Imininingwane ithathwe kumenyuwali elibizwa ngokuthi, Isingeniso Sokukhiqiza Ummbila.



Zonke izitshalo ezimila endaweni lapho zingafaneli zimile zingabizwa ngokuthi “ukhula”. Ukhula luyisitha somkhiqizi wokudla okuzinhlamvu – lulwa nezitshalo zokudla ukuthola amanzi, ilanga nokudla kwezitshalo, ludala inking lapho kuvunwa, lungagulisa izimbewu noma lungashintsha umbala wezimbewu, izimbewu zalo lungaba noshevu futhi zingathwala ezinye izifo ezingadala ingozi ekudleni okutshaliwe.



Ngokuvamekile ukhula lumila masinya futhi lukhiqiza izimbewu eziningi, lwanda kalula futhi lumila ngokushesha. Ngokuvamekile lunezimpande eziqinile futhi lumila ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kunzima kuluphatha, luqinili futhi lulwa ngamandla nezinye izitshalo. Luvama ukuvuthwa masinya ngakho-ke luphinde lumile masinya.



Izimpande zokhula zivama ukumila ngokujula emhlabathini ngakho-ke lukwazi ukusinda nangezikhathi ezinzima. Ukhula olumila ngonyakanyaka kaningi lubeka ukudla kwalo ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlabathi – kanjalo lukwazi ukusinda ezikhathini ezinzima. 



Ukhula lungaqeda ukumila kwalo ngaphakathi konyaka, noma lungamila iminyaka emibili, noma lunamila njalo ngonyakanyaka bese lukhiqiza izimbewu njalo ngonyaka. 



Kungani kubalulekile ukuphatha (ukubulala) ukhula?

Ukhula luncintisana nezitshalo zokudla ukuthola amanzi, ukudla, indawo nelanga. Lokhu kudala ingozi ezitshalweni zokudla ngoba kuvimba ukumila kahle kwezitshalo bese inani lomvuno liyehla. Lokhu ukuncintisana kungangcolisa izimbewu zokudla, kwehlisa umvuno nobuhle bezimbewu zokudla. Ukuncintisana nokhula kuyahluka ezitshalweni ezahlukene –kungadala ingozi esuka ku-10% ize ifike ku-98%.



Ukhula luqala ukulwa nezinye izitshalo lapho sekukhule izimpande zalo. Ukuphatha ukhula kuqonde ukuvimba lokhu ukuncintisana ngaphambi kwaleso sikhathi, futhi ukuvimba ukhula luvuthwe lulahle izimbewu zalo ezizophinda zimile lapho kutshalwa ezinye izitshalo. 



Izindlela zokuphatha ukhula

Kukhona izindlela ezimbili kakhulukazi zokuphatha ukhula – ngemishini (ukuhlakula) nangamakhemikeli. Kaningi ukuhlakula kuphela, noma ukuhlanganisa ukuhlakula nokuthela umuthi obulala ukhula kungaba indlela eshibhile. Ukukhetha indlela kusezandleni zomlimi, uthando lwakhe, ulwazi lwakhe nekhono lokuthola abasebenzi, ogandaganda nemishini – kakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokutshala nangemva kwalokhu. 



Ukuphatha ukhula kufanele kwenzeke njalonjalo lapho kuqalwa ukulima, lapho kulungiswa amasimu ukutshala, ngesikhathi sokutshala nalapho izitshalo zimila.



Ukubulala ukhula ngemishini

Ngale ndlela ukhula luhlakulwa ngemishini ukuvimba izimbewu zalo ukutshalwa futhi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngaphambi kokutshala (insimu ifanele ihlale ihlanzekile njalo) nasekuqalenile kokumila kwezitshalo. Kubalulekile ukubulala izitshalo zokhula lapho zisencane zingakwazi ukuncintisana nezinye izitshalo ukuthola amanzi, futhi izimpande zezitshalo zokudla azingeke zilimale kalula lapho nazo zisencane. Uma izitshalo zokhula zinezimpande eziqinile, ukuhlakula zona kungalimaza nezimpande zezitshalo zokudla. 



Ukubulala ukhula ngamakhemikeli

Kukhona amakhemikeli angamanzi, ayimbudumbudu namanye ayihasi asetshenziswa ukubulala ukhula. Kubalulekile ukuthi inani lomuthi othelwayo liqonde kahle futhi isikhathi sokuthela umuthi sibalulekile. 



Lawa makhemikeli angahlelwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ezikhetheyo nalezo ezingakhethi. Lezo ezingakhethi zibulala zonke izitshalo zithintana nazo, lezo ezikhethayo zibulala ukhula othile kuphela, azibulali izitshalo zokudla. Lezo ezingakhethi zingathelwa ngaphakathi kwemisele yezitshalo zibulale ukhula lapho kodwa azithintani nezitshalo zokudla. 



Umuthi obulala ukhula usebenza ngezindlela ezimbili – omunye usebenza ngokuthintana nokhula, omunye usebenza ngokungena ehlelweni lokumila lesitshalo. Osebenza ngokuthintana ubulala amakhasi, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhula umanziswe kahle ngomuthi. Umuthi lo uvama ukusebenza kahle lapho izitshalo zisencane. Ongenayo ehlelweni uhamba phakathi kwesitshalo, ungathelwa emkhasini kodwa uzobulala nezimpande. 



Kukhona futhi amanye amahlelo omuthi – umuthi othelwa ngaphambi kokuhluma kwesitshalo (ngaphambi kokuvela emhlabathini) nomuthi othelwa emva kokuhluma (lapho isitshalo sesivelile emhlabathini). Umuthi othelwa ngaphambi kokuhluma uhlala emhlabathini bese udonswa izimpande lapho isitshalo siqala ukumila; umuthi othelwa emva kokuhluma udonswa ngamakhasi nezinhlanga zezitshalo. 



Ukuphatha ukhula ngamakhemikeli kunosizo ngaphezu kokuphatha ukhula ngemishini, njengalokhu okulandelayo:

Ukuthela umuthi kuyasheshisa uma sikulinganisa nokuhlakula.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomuthi zisebenza isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukubuyela futhi ukubulala ukhula.

Lapho izulu lina kakhulu kumanzi kakhulu emasimini kungabanzima ukungena ensimini ngogandaganda odonsa umshini ohlakulayo, kodwa ungangena ngomshini ofafaza umuthi. Ukuthela umuthi kuzosebenza kangcono ngalezo zikhathi.

