Problems (OPOT)  										IsiZulu

Izinkinga abalimi abasakhulayo ababhekene nazo



Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukufakelela ingcebo

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi

Add picture of the banner made for farmer development programme



Kukhona izizathu eziningi ezichaza umnako ovukile mayelana nokuthuthukisa abalimi abamnyama eNingizimu Afrika, isibonelo: umhlaba okwazi ukukhiqiza uyabelwa, intengo yokudla ikhuphukile kakhulu futhi kukhona omnako omkhulu mayelana nokutholakala kokudla ezweni lethu nasemhlabeni jikelele.



Kukhulunywa kaningi ngenkinga yokudla okukhona emhlabeni jikelele, ngokulondoloza lokhu kudla emhlabeni jikelele, ngelungelo lokuba nokudla nendawo yokuhlala, ekugcineni lokhu kudla kukhiqizwa ngumuntu othile endaweni ethile – kukhona umuntu osebenzayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi simbheke kahle lowo muntu. Kudingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe lowo muntu nokumnikeza ikhono lokuba umkhiqizi wezomnotho ozonikeza ukudla kwakhe ezweni lethu lapho kudingekayo. 

Kungani abantu bafune ukwazi ukuthi benzani abalimi abasakhulayo?

Isigaba sezokulima sidinga ukuba nezwi elilodwa elihlangene elibakhulumelayo. 

Izinto zezokulima kuyingcebo enikeza ukudla emhlabeni jikelele futhi kuyisisekelo sezomnotho samazwe emhlabeni jikele. 

Izinto zezokulima zinikeza umsebenzini obalulekile kubantu abaningi emhlabeni.

Ukukhula kwezomnotho wasemaphandleni kwenza ukuthi izingcebo ezisemadolobheni zingacindezeleki  kakhulu.

Lapho 1-30% lomhlaba lisezandleni zabantu abangazange banethuba lokuba abanini bomhlaba, sizocabanga ukuthi i-30% lomkhiqizo ovela ngokulima uzovela kulabo bantu. Ngakho-ke sicabanga ukuthi  i-30% lezinto ezidingekayo emsebenzini wezokulima zizothengwa yilabo balimi. 



Ziyini izinkinga abakhiqizi abasakhulayo babhekene nazo? 

Inzuzo ephansi yokudla okuzinhlamvu lapho kulinywa ngemvula kuphela futhi isilinganiso senzalo (interest rates) esikhuphukayo. 

Ngeminyaka edlule inzuzo etholakalayo ekukhiqizweni kokudla okuzinhlamvu beyicindezekile. Izindleko zokuqala ziyakhuphuka njalo kodwa inani lentengiso alizange likhuphuka ngokulingana. Kukhona abancinci nje abalimi abakwazi ukuqala ukutshala ngaphandle kokuboleka imali. Lapho inani lenzuzo liqinile futhi isilinganiso senzalo semali ebolekiwe siphezulu kuyingozi enkulu ukuboleka imali eningi ukuze ukwazi ukufaka izimbewu emhlabathini. Abakhiqizi lapho eNingizimu Afrika bancintisana nemakethe lomhlaba jikelele kodwa izimiso zalokhu azilingani. 



Ukuswela kolwazi olufanelekile namakhono.

Abakhiqizi abasathuthukayo bangabafundi, badinga ukusekelwa, ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa. Kukhona eziningi izinkinga ezihambelana nokunikeza ukusekela kubalimi: 

Kaningi abantu absebenza eminyangweni ephatha lowo msebenzi abanalo ulwazi olufanelekile. Abaningi abazange basebenze epulazini, abanye bayathanda ukunikeza usizo futhi abanye bafundile kodwa abakwazi “ukufaka igeja emhlabathini”. 

Izinhlangano ezinikeza izinto zokuqala ukulima zisebenza kahle kodwa izindleko zabo zinkulu. 



 Intsheleko yokukhiqiza

Abaningi abakhiqizi abasakhulayo bahlangana nenkinga lapho bafuna ukutsheleka imali yokukhiqiza. Ezinye izizathu zalokhu ziyalandela: 



Izidingo zokuqinisa zezindawo ezinikeza intsheleko

Eziningi izindawo ezinikeza imali zidinga isibopho sepulazi ngaphambi kokunikeza intsheleko. Abalimi abaqasha amapulazi noma abalima umhlaba womuzi wonke abakwazi ukunikeza leso sibopho ngakho-ke bayahluleka ukutsheleka imali. 

Inshuwalense lezindleko zokuqala ayaneli ukuthola intsheleko

Eziningi izindawo ezitshelekisa imali yokukhiqiza zidinga inshuwalense yokubopha leyo mali. Kodwa inshuwalense yokukhiqiza isebenza kuphela lapho izitshalo ziqala ukumila, ngaleso sikhathi zonke izindleko sezikhokhiwe. Ezinye izindawo ziyala ukuvumela intsheleko ngaphambi kokuthola imvumo yenshuwalense, bese umlimi uyahluleka ukuthola imali yokuqala ukukhiqiza. Enye inkinga yilokhu: inshuwalense ibopha i-65% lezindleko kuphela – i-35% lesele lisengozini. 

Inzuzo encane ayithuthukisi ukufunda kwabalimi

Ukulima kunzima, lapho ungenalo ulwazi uzongena enkingeni. Lapho inani lenzuzo lincane, awukwazi ukwenza amaphutha. Abakhiqizi abasakhulayo basafunda futhi, ngakho-ke ingozi yokubanikeza intsheleko inkulu kakhulu kulabo abatshelekisa imali. 



Ogandaganda nemishini

Imishini engatholakali

Kukhona abaningi abalimi abanethuba lokuthola ipulazi noma amasimu, kodwa abanyo imishini yokulima leyo ndawo. Imishini emisha idula kakhulu, abalimi abakwazi ukufikela futhi kunzima ukuthola ibhizinisi elizonikeza intsheleko yokuthenga imishini emidala.



Imishini engaphilile

Lapho kukhona imishini yokulima, ivama ukungaphili kahle. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba:

Inzuzo encane lapho kukhiqizwa ukudla okuzinhlamvu kwenza ukuthi abalimi abanayo imali yokulungisa imishini yabo.

Kaningi abalimi abanalo ulwazi lokulungisa nokubheka imishini yabo.

Kaningi ukuthengiselana komhlaba kuhlanganisa zonke izinto ezikhona epulazini bese sithola ukuthi imishini igugile futhi iphukile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umlimi omusha uqala phansi ngendlela embi. 

Amaqembu anikezwa imishini esetshenziswa amalunga onke bese akekho oyedwa obheka ukuphila kwemishini. 



Izindaba ezihambelana nomhlaba nomhlabathi



Umnyango Wezomhlaba nokwabiswa komhlaba 

Iphrogramu lenguquko yobunini bomhlaba loMnyango Wezomhlaba bekuyinkinga kubaningi abantu. Ngokujwayelekile imisebenzi yawo beyiqhubeka kancanekancane, manje abaningi abalimi abasakhulayo balahlekelwa amathuba njalonjalo ukuqhubeka, futhi abalimi abamhlophe bayakhathala bese bathengisela omakhelwane abamhlophe amapulazi abo ngoba Umnyango uyehluleka ukuqeda ukuthengiselana. Futhi azikho izikhombiso eziqondile ezikhombisa ukuthi obani abafanelekile abazosizakala ngale nguquko yomhlaba. 



IpH

Ukulungisa isimo sepH emhlabathini kungaba into edula kabi ngoba kukhona izindawo lapho kudingeka umcako ongamathani angu-14 ehektheleni elilodwa. Ngokuvamekile abalimi abakwazi ukuyikhokha leyo mali, futhi kungathi azikho izindlela zezomthetho ezikhombisa ukuthi abalimi abasakhulayo bangacela kanjani usizo kugavumente. Bekukhona amaphrogramu emaphrovinsini athile kodwa alukho uhlelo olufanayo. 



Isimo seFosfati

	Izindlela zokulima ezingafanelekile ngeminyaka neminyaka zenze ukuthi izingcebo zefosfeyiti kwezinye izindawo zicishe zidleke zonke. Njengokuthela umcako, ukulungisa lokhu kubiza imali eningi futhi kungathi awekho amasabsidi. 



Amakontula nezindlela zamanzi

Kaningi amapulazi lapho abalimi abasakhulayo balima khona awazange asetshenziswe kahle ngoba asekho amakontula nezindlela zamanzi ezinotshani. Nokho Umnyango Wezokulima unesigaba esibheka umhlaba (Land Care), ibhajete labo lincane, liyahluleka ukulungisa le nkinga enkulu nokuhlangana nalesi sidingo esikhulu. Kaningi ukuhhebuka komhlaba ngenxa umoya namanzi sekuqhubeke kangaka awusakwazi ukulungiswa. 



Kungani abantu bahlale babempofu 

Izinto ezivimbayo

Abakhiqizi badinga ithuba lokuba banini bomhlaba nemishini ukuze bakhule babe bakhiqizi bezomnotho. KIwamanye amaphrovinsi kukhona ukuswela okukhulu kwehlelo lwezokulima njengemigwaqo, amasayilo, izindawo zokomisa ukudla okuzinhlamvu, imishini yokuvuna, njll.

Ukuswela kolwazi nokusebenzisa itheknoloji

Abimi badinga ukuqeqeshwa, ukusekelwa neziphathimandla eziqobelelana nolwazi. 

Ukuma ngomunye

Abantu bafenele banikezwa amandla okuma ngezinyawo zabo. Kufanele bafunde bazisebenzele. 

Ukucindezelwa ngezindlela zokusebenza zikaHulumeni

Abasebenzi bakaHulumeni abangakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo kwenza ukuthi abantu bahlale babempofu (isibonelo, Umnyango Wezomhlaba ohluleka ukuqhubekisa umsebenzi wabo noMnyango Wezokulima ongasekeli abantu ngendlela efanelekile). 

Ukuxhashazwa

Kulula ukuxhaphaza abantu abampofu (kubadla). Kubalulekile ukuthi bonke abantu abasebenza ngokuthuthukisa abakhiqizi abasakhulayo basebenze ngendlela eqotho enokuphelela. 



Indlela eya phambili

UHulumeni

Imithetho efanelekile nezimiso zokuthengiselana eziqondile ukuvikela amabhizinisi ezokulima zezwe. 

Okuphathelene nabakhiqizi abasakhulayo: 

Nikeza isilekelelo ngezindleko zokufaka umcako.

Nikeza isilekelelo ngezindleko zokufaka fosfati.

Nikeza isilekelelo ngezindleko zokuqala ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukuthola intsheleko yokukhiqiza.

Nikeza isilekelelo ngezindleko zenshuwalense.

Tholakalisa imali ephuma kumabhizinisi ezolimo naseLandbank. 

Tholakalisa imali yokuphinda ukuqeqesha iziphathimandla eziqobelelana nolwazi.

Sekela ngemali ukuthuthukisa okuphathelene nezinhlangano ezinikeza izinto ezidingekayo.

Cabanga ngokunikeza intsheleko yokukhokhela imishini edingekayo ekulimeni.



Izinhlangano ezinikeza izinto ezidingekayo

Thuthukisa, qeqesha, nikeza abakhiqizi amandla okuqhubeka.

Qeqesha, thuthukisa iziphathimandla eziqobelelana nolwazi.

Sekela abakhiqizi abasakhulayo ngezinto zetheknoloji. 



Amabhizinisi aphrayiveth

Nikeza konke okudingekayo ukuqala ngentengiso efanelekile.

Nikeza imakete lomkhiqizo.

Nikeza abalimi isisekelo ngezinto zetheknoloji.



