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Ukumaketha ukuze uthole intengiso enhle



Instructions:

Folio strap: Ukumaketha ummbila

Byline: Silinganiswe nesifundo iAgribusiness Management Course sikaJane McPherson



Kungcono ube nemakethe ngaphambi kokutshala ukudla ofuna ukukhiqiza, ngoba kukhona abaningi abalimi abatshala masinya, bese bayathemba nje ukuthi bazothola intengiso enhle ngesikhathi bevuna. Ngalesi sikhathi kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesu ukumaketha umvuno wakho ngendlela ezokulethela inzuzo enhle. 



Amasu ukumaketha afanele ahambelane namasu okuqala ukutshala isitshalo ofuna ukusikhiqiza. Ikhono lomlimi ukumaketha ukudla kwakhe kulingana nekhono lakhe lokutshala nokukhiqiza ukudla okuthile. Kufanele ukhulise ikhono lakho lokumaketha, kufanele wandise ulwazi lakho mayelana nezindlela zokumaketha. Isu lokumaketha elilandelwa ngumlimi oyedwa noma inkampani elilimayo kuyingxenye yezinto ezidingekayo uma ufuna ukuphatha izindleko nezingozi ngendlela efanelekile ezokulethela inzuzo nakusasa. Umsebenzi wokulima unezingozi eziningi futhi ngesinye isikhathi zingavela ngendlela ongazange ucabange ngayo. Ukwehla nokukhuphuka kwentengiso kwenza ukuthi kubenzima ukubheka phambili, kodwa kudingekile. Isu elihle lokumaketha kungasiza umlimi ukwehlisa izindleko nokuvela kwezingozi ezihambelana nokwehla nokukhuphuka kwentengiso yomkhiqizo. 



Isimo sakho maqondana nezingozi ezikhona kuzokukhombisa ukuthi ukhetha indlela enjani yokumaketha umkhiqizo wakho. Ngeminyaka eminingi edlule bekukhona ihlelo lokubamba imakethe ngentengiso ebophekile, kodwa abalimi abaningi bebakhala ngoba bethi abayitholi inzuzo efanelekile ngaleyo ntengiso. Ngokwamanje, intengiso ebophekile ayisekho, sekukhona ihlelo elibizwa ngokuthi i-’free-market, imakethe elikhululekile, kodwa manje abalimi bayakhala ngoba abakwazi ukuphatha lawo mamakethe ahlukile. Onke amahlelo okumaketha ahambelana nezinto ezinsha ezinzima ezilinda phambili, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi umlimi ebambe onke amathuba eza ngakuye awasebenzise ukuthola inzuzo. 



Ukwenza amaphutha kuyinto eyenzeka njalo empilweni yethu – ukwenza amaphutha ekulimeni nakho kuyenzeka. Kodwa, uma siqhubeka ukuphinda ukwenza lawo maphutha njalonjalo, asingeke siye phambili, asingeke sithuthuke; kufanele singawaphindi amaphutha akudala – kungcono ukubhekana nezingozi ezinsha ezingavela bese sizokwazi ukuqhubeka, ukuya phambili. 



Ukuhlola amasu awayizolo okumaketha 

Izintengiso ozitholile ngeminyaka edlule zikujabulisile noma cha?

Yimaphi amasu okumaketha asebenze kahle? 

Kungani ucabange ukuthi izinyathelo ozithathile sisebenze kahle? 

Lingakanani inani lentengiso olitholile uma ulilinganisa nentengiso engaphansi, engaphezulu emaphandleni noma ulilinganisa nentengiso ejwayelekile emhlabeni jikelele? 

Yimaphi amasu okumaketha angazange asebenze kahle? 

Kungani amanye amasu akho okumaketha azange asebenze kahle? 

Uqonde ukuyaphi ngesu lakho lebhizinisi lokulima ngezinyanga ezingu-12 futhi nangeminyaka emihlanu elandelayo – kuzoba nomthelelo onjani ezindleleni ofuna ukumaketha umvuno wakho ngaleso sokhathi? 



Sinjani isimo sebhizinisi sami sokulima ngokwamanje?

Kufanele ubheke ukulima kwakho njengokubheka ibhizinis. Kanjalo-ke kudingeka okulandelayo: 

Hlola isimo sezomnotho webhizinisi lakho jikelele. 

Kubalulekile ukuthi amastetimende aqondene nezimali zonyaka odlule – lokhu kufanele kubekhona konke: amastetimende enzuzo, ezindleko, izimali ezingenile namabhalansi afanele agciniswe. 

Amashidi akhombisa inzuzo ezothalakala ngakusasa, ukungena nokuphuma kwezimali namashidi okubhalansa kuzosiza ululinganisa ukuthi inani lentengiso lommbila elingahlali ndawonye lizonomthelelo onjani ebhizinisi sakho. 

Ngesikhathi esithile onyakeni lapho kungekho imali esikhwameni singasiza ukukunceda ukuthola isu elinye lokumaketha umkhiqizo wakho.

Inshuwalense, ukukhiqiza nokuba nesu lokumaketha kuhambelana nendlela ubheka ukuphatha kwezimali zakho. 

	

Ukuqonda ukuthi ufuna ukuthola intengiso engakanani 

Uma ungazi ukuthi inani lezindleko zakho zokutshala lingakanani, kuzobanzima ukuthola ukuthi kufanele uthole umkhiqizo (ngamathani) ongakanani ukuze uthole inzuzo. Cabanga ngalokhu okulandelyo: 

Linganisa (bala) zonke izindleko zakho zokukhiqiza ukudla okuthile ngehektheli elilodwa. 

Bala izindleko ezidingeka masinya – izimbewu, umanyolo, idizili, umuthi wokhula nezifo, abasebenzi abaholayo neshuwalense.

Bala izindleko ezibophekile ezizongena ekukhiqizweni kommbila bese uyakulinganisa nentengiso yomvuno ukubona ukuthi uzokwazi ukukhokhela izindleko futhi uthole nenzuzo. Funa imakethe elizokulethela leyo nzuzo. Izindleko ezibophekile zifana nalokhu: ukuqasha, intelo (uma ubolekile), iholo labantu abakusebenzela, nogesi (lezi zindleko ziyaqhubeka noma utshala noma ungatshali). 

I”Breakeven” kungachazwa kanje: inani lentengiso elizokwenza ukuthi izindleko ezibophekile zizolingana nalelo nani, ngaphandle kokuthola inzuzo. 

Ukukhiqiza ummbila ngokwejwayelekile kuyingxenye yemisebenzi evama ukwenziwa epulazini elithile. Ukufuya izimphahla esibayeni noma esigangeni nokuhlanganisa ummbila ngezinye izinto zokufuya lezo zimphahla kungaba isizathu sokukhiqiza ummbila. Futhi ummbila ungaba isitshalo esibalulekile epulazini lapho kushintshwa khona izinhlobo zezitshalo njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukulinganisa nokubala zonke lezi zinto uma ufuna ukuthola inani lentengiso eliyi’minimami’ – khumbula ukubala nalezo zenzelelo (izinzuzo) ezihambelana nokukhiqiza umvuno othile. 

Usebhizinisini, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuqhubekela phambili ngale bhizinisi yakho kufanele uthole inzuzo njalo ngayo imisebenzi oyenzayo epulazini yakho. 



Kunzima ukuba umlimi okhiqiza ukudla – kukhona eziningi izinto ezifuna zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthatha izinyathelo ezithile. Uma ushiye ukwenza ukumaketha umvuno ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi awuqondi kahle ukuthi kufanele uqhubeke kanjani, kungcono ukuvakashela i-Agri-business eliseduze nawe ukuthola umlayezo. Qaphela kodwa ukuthi usithola kuphi iseluleko, kukhona abantu abaqotho abalungile lapho ngaphandle abakwazi ukukusiza – bafune uze ubathole!







