Umkhiqizi (Ummbila) 							 IsiZulu

Icala lizophinda libekwe kubakhiqizi?

 Instructions: 

Folio strap: Okubalulekile 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi 

Kuzo zonke izinganekwane kukhona abalungileyo nalabo abagangayo abazondekile – kodwa kwenzeka njalo ukuthi umkhiqizi wokudla ohlelweni lokunikeza abantu ukudla nguyena lozondekayo ekugcineni. Bayamzonda lapho kungekho ukudla, bayamzonda lapho ukudla kudula noma ikhwalithi lokudla lingabafaneli. 

Uma sibheka indlela, umsebenzi noma uhlelo lokubeka ukudla etafuleni labantu besizwe, sizobona ukuthi kukhona abaningi abantu abenza lo msebenzi futhi sizobona ukuthi kungumsebenzi othatha isikhathi eside. Ingxenye yezinto ziyalandela. 

Ukucwaninga nebhayotheknoloji

Izinkampani eziveza izimpahla zokuqala

AmaAgribhizinisi (amabhizinisi wezokulima)

Umkhiqizi (umlimi)

Imakethe laleyo ndawo

Ukudla kwemfuyo Okugaywayo Ukubhaka

Abathengisi abakhulu

Abathengisi abancane

Umthengi

Ukucwaninga nebhayotheknoloji 

Lokhu kungumsebenzi oqinisa ukuthi kuzotshalwa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanelekile – zonke ezitshalwayo, ummbila, ukolo, amabele, ubhekilanga, ubhontshisi, zifanele zizokwazi ukwenza okulandelayo: 

Zifanele zihlume kahle emva kokutshalwa; 

Zifanele zimile kahle ezindaweni ezahlukene; 

Zifanele zibe namandla ukulwa nezifo nezilokazane; 

Zifanele zikwazi ukulwa nokoma nobumanzi obuningi; 

Zifanele zibe nesimo esizokwenza ukuthi izinhlamvu zizokwazi ukugaywa, kubhakwa, kuvutshelwa nokuphreswa kahle; 

Zifanele zibe nenani lokudla elifanelekile njengamaphrothiyini, uwoyela, amakhabohayidreti; 

Zifanele zikwazi ukuvunwa ngendlela engazilimazi, njll;

Zifanele zikwazi ukubekwa kahle nokuthuthwa kahle.



Kufanele kwakhiwe umanyolo ozosiza izitshalo zikhule kahle. Kufanele kutholwe umuthi obulala ukhula, izilokazane nezifo ngendlela ezovikela izitshalo ukuze zimile kahle. 



Izinkampani eziveza izimpahla zokuqala

Umsebenzi wabo: 

Barejista amakhemikheli asetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezithile; 

Bakha (benza) lawo makhemikheli; 

Baphinda bakhiqize izimbewu ezinsha ezizosetshenziswa; 

Benza umanyolo ozosetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ukudla; 

Bathengisa idizili nowoyela okusetshenziswa emsebenzini wokulima; 

Futhi babela konke lokhu kuma-agribhizinisi. 

 

AmaAgribhizinisi (amabhizinisi wezokulima)

Umsebenzi wawo: 

Ona atsheleka umlimi imali yokukhiqiza; 

Athengisa izimbewu zokutshala, umanyolo, amakhemikheli, izakhi zemishini, idizili, uwoyela, ogandaganda nemishini; 

Anikeza umsebenzi oqobelelana nolwazi; 

Anikeza inshuwalense yomvuno; 

Futhi athenga ukudla okuzinhlamvu. 

 

Umkhiqizi (umlimi)

Naye uhlangene nalo msebenzi ngoba:

Uthola ithuba lokuthola ipulazi nemishini; 

Uthola ithuba lokuboleka imali edingekayo ukukhiqiza; 

Uthenga konke okudingekayo ukuqala ukutshala; 

Ulungisa amasimu; 

Uyatshala, uyabheka, uyavuna, uthengisa umvuno; 

Futhi uhambisa umvuno kumasayilo. 

 

Imakethe laleyo ndawo

Nabo bahlangene nalo msebenzi ngoba: 

Bathenga umvuno: 

Bomisa umvuno lapho umanzi kakhulu ukubekwa; 

Balinganisa ikhwalithi lomvuno; 

Balondoloza (babeka) umvuno; 

Bayaqinisa ukuthi izifo azingeni ekudleni okubekiwe; 

Futhi bathengisela umvuno kubagayi (noma emakhetheni eliphesheya). 

 

Abanini bezigayo

Nabo bahlangene nalo msebenzi, futhi: 

Bamukela ukudla okuzinhlamvu; 

Baqinisa ukuthi kubekwe kahle kuze kugaywe; 

Bagaya ukudla okuzinhlamvu ukwenza impuphu noma ufulawu; 

Futhi bapakisha ukudla basebakuhambisa kubathengisi abakhulu. 

 

Umthengisi omkhulu (wholesaler)

Umsebenzi womthengisi omkhulu yilokhu:

Ukuthengisa ukudla okupakishiwe kubathengisi abancane. 



Umthengisi omncane (retailer)

Umthenisi omncane wenza lokhu: 

Uthengisela ukudla kubathengi. 

 

Lokhu ukuchaza akuzange kuchaze kahle zonke izinyathelo ezenzekayo ngoba izinhlobo zokudla okuthile ziyahluka. Isibonelo: emva kokugaywa kokolo, kufanele kuphekwe (kubhakwe) ngaphambi kokuthengiswa, uma ukudla kungubhali osetshenziswa ukuvuba utshwala, kufanele uvutshwe kuqala ngaphambi kokuthengiswa. 

 

Kuwo wonke lo msebenzi kukhona abantu nemisebenzi eminingi abahlanganisa uhlelo lokukhiqiza ukudla kwezokulima. Ngamunye ngamunye, bonke bafanele bathole inzuzo ukuze bazokwazi ukuqhubeka ngamabhizinisi abo. 

 

Manje singaphinda futhi ukubuza – icala lokukhuphuka kwentengo yokudla lingabekwa kumlimi (kumkhiqizi) kuphela? 

 

Uma sibheka imali ebizwa ukuthenga:

Isinkwa - 20% – 25% lemali oyikhokhayo ilingana nenani lemali etholwa ngumlimi wokolo; 

Isaka sommbila - 35% – 45% lemali oyikhokhayo ilingana nenani lentengiso yommbila; 

Ithini lotshwala (ubheyili) kungaphansi kwe3% kwentengiso kabhali. 



Ukusebenzisa ibhizinisi kuhambelana nokungena engozini – onke amabhizinisi abhekene nokevelelwa ingozi ethile. Kodwa izingozi ezingavelela umkhiqizi (umlimi) zinkulu kabi: 

Isikhathi sokuthola umvuno side (kusuka ngokulungisa umhlabathi ukuze kutshalwe kuya esikhathini sokuvuna); 

Izitshalo zibhekene nesimo sezulu (ukoma, ukuna kakhulu, isiqotho, isithwathwa, ukukhithika nomoya); 

Abakhiqizi bamane nje bacindezelwa ukwamukela inani lentengiso – abakwazi ukusho ukuthi bafuna malini ngethani lommbila ngoba konke ukudla okuzinhlamvu kuthengiswa endalini – banikezwa intengiso yalolusuku. Kaningi umkhiqizi ucindezelwa ukwamukela intengiso yomvuno engaphansi kwenani lezindleko zokukhiqiza lowo mvuno. 

 

Isibonelo: unyaka odlule eFreyistata ubemubi kabi futhi imvula beyingani kahle. Ezindaweni eziningi abalimi bahluleke nokuvuna ithani elilodwa likakolo ehektheleni. Izindleko zokukhiqiza ukolo zijika lapha kuR4 200 ehektheleni elilodwa, futhi intengiso ngaleso sikhathi beyifika kuR3 000 ngethani. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umlimi evune ithani elilodwa ehektheleni, ulahlekelwe (udliwe) R1 200 ehektheleni elilodwa.

 

Uma ungumbhaki, uzothenga ufulawu bese uzokhetha ukuthi uzobiza malini ukuthengisa izinkwana ezisongene zakho. Lapho umthengi enqaba ukukhokha leyo mali, uzokhawula ukuthenga ufulawu ukhawule futhi ukubhaka kuze intengo kafulawu yehle. Kodwa lapho umlimi uthathe izinyathelo zokuqala ukutshala ukudla, akasakwazi ukukhawula ngaphakathi komsebenzi wakhe alinde intengiso ikhuphuke – usuzikhokhile izindleko manje kufanele aqhubeke avune athengise lowo mvuno. 



Abakhiqizi bethu baligugu elikhulu kithi – basebenza ngokukhuthaza, bathatha ama’chance’ ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukudla nezindawo zokusebenza. Khumbulani futhi ukuthi singathenga phesheya kuphela uma lezo zizwe zinokudla okuningi kakhulu, futhi uma izwe lethu linemali lokuthenga lokho. Lapho izimo zamanye amazwe zimbi, azobamba ukudla kwabo, ngakho-ke sizohluleka ukuthenga ngaphandle. Futhi uma inani lokushintsha kwezimali kwenza ukuthi inani lerandi lehle, izwe lethu alingeke likwazi ukuthenga ukudla bese abantu bazolamba, siyakubona lokhu ezindaweni eziningi eAfrika. Ngaphambi kokubeka icala kulawo mazwe ngoba babiza imali eningi, masiyibheke le ndaba sithole ukuthi siyini isizathu sokukhuphuka kwentengo. Lapho singasekeli abakhiqizi bethu ukuze bakwazi ukuqhubeka ukutshala ukudla ngendlela enenzuzo, nalapha kithi abantu bazophathwa indlala.

