zulu.2976.biko
USteve Biko emva kweminyaka engu-30
Sikhumbula iqhawe lomzabalazo
Wayibeka induku ebandla ngokukhuthaza ukuzimela nokuzigqaja ngokuba wumuntu omnyama!
LALIBANDA lishubisa umnkantsha ngobusuku aboshwa ngabo ngo-August. Wabanjwa emigoqweni eyayenziwe amaphoyisa emgwaqweni, emva kwalokho waboshwa ngaphansi komthetho wabashokobezi iTerrorism Act No 83 ka-1967. Bamshaya bamhlukumeza walimala kakhulu ekhanda ngesikhathi eboshiwe.
Ngomhlaka 11 September, wafakwa enqunu evenini yamaphoyisa ngemumva bahamba naye ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-1 100 bemusa ePitoli. Ubani ongacabanga ubuhlungu nokuhlukumezeka abhekana nabo kulolo hambo?
Ngosuku olulandelayo, waphunyuzwa wukufa ejele lasePitoli kulolu sizi lokuhlukunyezwa ngalolu hlobo…
Iqhawe
USteve Biko wedlula emhlabeni eminyakeni engu-30 eyedlule kungumhlaka 12 September 1977 eneminyaka engu-30. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, wayethathwa njengomunye wabaholi abaphambili benhlangano yeBlack Consciousness futhi engomunye wabaholi bomzabalazo ekulweni nobandlululo.
“Abantu abasha bayawadinga amaqhawe abazobonela kuwona. USteve usenendima ebalulekile ekuzazini kwethu ukuthi singobani,” kusho umbhali onguphrofesa eRhodes University uPeter Mtuze, owayemazi uSteve Biko ngesikhathi eseyibhungu ekhula eKing William’s Town.
UBiko wayeyindoda eyayizinikela ngokukhulu ukuzimisela entweni ayekholelwa kuyona futhi engumuntu okhaliphile.
Wathi ukuze ama-Africa amnyama akhululeke, kudingeka kuqala ukuba akhululeke ngokomqondo awazi umlando wawo nawo futhi azigqaje.
Kwakuzodingeka ukuba awakhuthaze amasiko awo akhombise leyo nkululeko kuyoyonke imikhakha yempilo, ezobuciko namasiko, ezomnotho nezepolitiki.
Ngeminyaka yo-1960 nango-70, iBlack Consciousness kwakungumyalezo oyingozi - uyingozi kuhulumeni wobandlululo futhi uyingozi nakulabo ababewufafaza.
Lo myalezo wakhuthaza isizukulwane wafaka umfutho omusha emzabalazweni wokulwa nengcindezelo.
UBiko wayeyiqonda kahle ingozi yezinhloso zakhe ngesikhathi ebhala ethi: “Makube wukuthi uyaphila uzigqaje noma ufe… Indlela yakho yokufa, ngokwayo ingafaka umdlandla kwezepolitiki.”
Emva kweminyaka engu-30 adlula emhlabeni, ugqozi lwakhe ebusweni bamandla ombuso luyingxenye ekhuthazayo yemibono yakhe.
Umfundi
UBantu Stephen Biko wazalelwa eGinsberg eKing William’s Town ngoDecember 18 1946, kanti ungowesithathu ezinganeni zikaMzimgayi Biko no-Alice Nokuzola “Mamcethe” Biko. Ubaba wakhe wedlula emhlabeni ngesikhathi uSteve eneminyaka emine kodwa umama wakhe wazithola izindlela zokuba amfundise. Waqale wafunda khona eKing William’s Town emva kwalokho wayofunda ekolishi eMarianhill budebuduze neTheku.
Waqhubeka wayokwenza izifundo zobudokotela eNyuvesi yaseNatal eThekwini. Lapho wafike waba nelikhulu igalelo enhlanganweni yabafundi waba nesandla futhi ekusungulweni kweSASO ngo-1968 okuyiSouth African Students’ Organisation.
Wakhuthazwa nguFrantz Fannon, owathi abantu ababuswa abanye kufanele kuqala bazikhulule bona ngomqondo ukuze bakwazi ukuthola inkululeko yezombusazwe.
UFannon wayeliqhamukisa esiqhingini saseCaribbean eMartinique, okuyindawo eyayibuswa amaFulentshi nokuyilapho ukuvukela kwezigqila umbuso kwakhuthaza abanye abantu ababeboshiwe ukuba babhikishe. UFannon ongumbhali wezincwadi i-The Wretched Of The Earth neBlack Skin, White Masks, uthathwa njengenzululwazi kwezokukhululwa kwabacindezelwe.
Ngo-1970 uBiko washadelwa kuNtsiki Mashalaba owayefundela ubuhlengikazi ngaleso sikhathi. Emva kokuxoshwa kukaBiko esikoleni sokufundela ubudokotela, wajoyina izinhlelo zomphakathi omnyama (Black Community Programmes) ngo-1972, nokwathi futhi ngawo lowo nyaka wasungula iBlack Peoples’ Convention.
Waphinde wathola isikhathi sokuhlahla indlela ekwakhiweni komtholampilo iZanempilo nenkulisa kanjalo nesokusungula isikhwama seZimele Trust sokusiza iziboshwa zepolitiki nemindeni yazo, kanjalo nesikhwama seGinsberg Trust sabafundi.
Isihluku
UBiko wayegqunywa ejele ephindelela aphinde avalwe. Inkulumo yakhe yokugcina ayethula emphakathini wayethula ecaleni le-SASO-BPC ngo-1973. Eminingi yemibhalo yakhe yashicilelwa emva kokwedlula kwakhe emhlabeni ngo-1978 ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi I Write What I Like (ngibhala engikuthandayo).
Weqa imibandela ayebekelwe yona ukuze aqhubele imikhankaso yakhe phambili kodwa akazange aboshelwe ubugebengu.
Cishe akukho ukufa okwakuvula amehlo kwezombusazwe njengokufa kukaBiko. Emva kweminyaka engu-30 edlula emhlabeni, kodwa isibindi sakhe negalelo lakhe ekuzinikeleni kuyingxenye enkulu yobuqhawe bakhe njengemibono nemicabanga ayifela ayekholelwa kuyo.
Zimbalwa izimpawu zesihluku sombuso wobandlululo ezingaba namandla ngaphezu kokuhlukunyezwa kukaBiko eshaywa yzigebengu zamaphoyisa ezomoya, emva kwalokho amphonsa ngemumva evenini enqunu elimele enjalo ahamba naye amakhilomitha angaphezu kwangu-1 100 esuka ePort Elizabeth eya naye ePitoli.
Ukuvuma kwalabo abamhlukumeza, bephumela obala kwiKhomishana yokuKhishwa kwamaQiniso nokuBuyisana (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) kwaphikiswa wumkakhe uNtsiki nomndeni wakhe bathi “kusengamanga afana nabawasho ngesikhathi bephenywa ngalokhu.”
Isicelo sabomndeni ekugwetshweni kwabenza ubugebengu sekuthole ukukhuthazwa esimemezelweni esenziwa ngabezokushushisa ezweni lonkana njengoba kunenhloso yokushushisa owayengungqongqoshe wezokuPhepha nokuVikela u-Adrian Vlok nowayenguKhomishana wakhe wamaphoyisa uGeneral Johan van der Merwe.
Ugqozi
Namuhla iSteve Biko Foundation ihlose ukugcina ivuselele izinhloso zomphakathi ezazibaluleke kakhulu empini yokulwa nobandlululo, kodwa namuhla ezingasenaso isitha.
Le nhlangano ithuthukisa izinto ezenziwa abantu abasha ekubhaleni, kwezobuciko namasiko, kwezobuholi, ezemfundo, ezamabhizinisi nakwezempilo, ikakhulu empini yokulwa nobhubhane lwesifo se-HIV/AIDS.
Ngezikhumbuzo zokufa kukaBiko minyaka yonke kuye kufundiswe kukhuthazwe umphakathi, kodwa kulo nyaka kuyokuba nengqungquthela iBiko 30:30, eyobe yethulwa ngabe Steve Biko Foundation eNyuvesi yaseCape Town.
Ubuqhawe bale ngqalabutho yomzabalazo yinto okumele ibonakale ezizukulwaneni zabantu abasha okuyibo abakhuthaza ukuba bazimele futhi bazithembe, iningi labo eliphethe izwe laseSouth Africa namuhla.
Umbono wakhe “kwakungowesizwe esihlangene esingenakucwasana ngisho nangokwebala nangokobuzwe.”
Nakuba singakafinyeleli lapho, kodwa sesisondele kakhulu kunasesikhathini esedlule.[z]
BONA ZULU – September 2007
indaba ngu-IRA JACOBS
NGENHLA: UNtsiki Biko, umfelokazi kaBiko, nendodana yabo uNkosinathi.
KWESOKUDLA: UBantu Stephen Biko.
BONA ZULU – September 2007
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NGENHLA: UNkosinathi Biko, iCEO yeBiko Foundation.
KWESOKUDLA: Iqhawe eliyohlala likhunjulwa… UBiko usayikhuthaza intsha yanamuhla.
BONA ZULU – September 2007
Intsha idinga amaqhawe azoba yisibonelo esihle
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BONA ZULU – September 2007
Akazange athweswe cala
KWESOBUNXELE: Inkonzo yokuhlonipha owayengumholi weBC.
NGEZANSI: Kusenezikhalo zokuthi makujeziswe ababulala uBiko.
