Moisture (Maize) 									 IsiZulu 

Ukulondoloza umswakamo emasimini omile 

Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukulondoloza umswakamo 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi 

 

Umswakamo (amanzi) okwanele ngesikhathi isitshalo simila kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapho kukhiqizwa ukudla okuzinhlamvu emasimini athola imvula kuphela. 

Imininingwane maqondana nenani lemvula elizokuna nangasiphi isikhathi ingatholakala Emnyangweni Wezokulima eduze nawe. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa njengomlayezo kuphela lapho sihlanganisa amasu ethu okuqala ukukhiqiza ukudla. 

Kungani sifanele silondoloze amanzi emhlabathini?

Ukumilisa izitshalo kudinga amanzi – izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zidinga inani lamanzi elihlukene, ngakho-ke kufanele sibheke lokhu ngaphambi kokukhetha isitshalo esithile sokutshala. 

Imvula yemvelo ayivami ukuna ngesikhathi esifaneleke isitshalo esithile. 

Ngokuvamekile izindawo eNingizimu Afrika lapho kutshalwa khona ukudla zomile. 

Kudingeka ukuthi siqinise ukuthi kukhona amanzi akwanele emhlabathini ngesikhathi esifanelekile sokutshala ukuze izimbewu zihlume kalula futhi izimpande zikhule kahle ekuqaleni. Isikhathi sokutshala esifanelekile sizobheka futhi ezinye izikhathi ezibalulekile lapho isitshalo simila (isibonelo: imvula ngesikhathi kuphuma amashoba ommbila nalapho kuphuma izimbali zikabhekilanga). 

Ukuze izinhlanga ezisele ensimini zikwazi ukubola masinya bese kukhuphuka inani le’humus’ emhalabathini okwenza ukuthi izitshalo zithole ukudla. 

 

Ziyakwazi ukulondoloza amanzi zonke izinhlobo zomhlabathi?

Yebo, kodwa umhlabathi onesihlabathi kakhulu futhi onohla ngaphansi ovuzavuzayo uzokwenza ukuthi amanzi amaningi kakhulu azolahleka. 

Umhlabathi onezihla eziqinile (njengesidaka) ngokujula okudlula ku-600 mm kuya ku-1 mitha ulondoloza amanzi kahle lapho kutshalwa. 

 

Siyngawusiza kanjani umhlabathi ukumunya imvula?

Ukungena kwamanzi emhlabathini kwenzeka kangcono lapho:

Umhlabathi ongaphezulu uyaxega, awuqini, noma/futhi. 

Kukhona izinhlanga ezibolayo ngaphezu komhlabathi. 

 

Amanzi abhekwa kanjani emhlabathini?

Amanzi abekwa ezindaweni ezingaphakathi kwamahlayihlayi omhlabathi. 

Izinhlobo zomhlabathi ziyahluka: kukhona isihlabathi, isidakana nesidaka. 

Inani lamanzi elingabekwa kulezi zinhlobo zomhlabathi nalo liyahluka. 

Lezi zinhlobo zomhlabathi zingalondoloza, ngokwejwayelekile, 25 mm amanzi emhlabathini ojula nga-150 mm of soil. (Emhlabathini lapho izimpande zingafika ku-1 mitha, kungalondolozwa imvula engu-180 mm). 

 

Yini okwenza ukuthi amanzi alahleke emhlabathini?

Ukushisa kwelanga. Umhlabathi uyafudumala bese amanzi ayahwamuka. 

Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi emhlabathini (capillary action). Amanzi ahamba ngaphakathi kwamahlayihlayi omhlabathi, ayaphezulu bese nawo ahwamuka emoyeni. 

Ukumfoma emakhasini okhula nezinye izitshalo ezifana nokhula – amanzi aphuma emakhasini (lokhu kuyinto enkulu elahlekisa amanzi). 



Singenzani ukulondoloza kahle amanzi?

Qinisa ukuthi imvula ikwazi ukungena emhlabathini. Uma kukhona uhla oluqinile phezulu amanzi awakwazi ukungena, bese amanzi aqala ukugeleza ayalahleka awakwazi ukungena phansi. 

Zama ukushiya izinhlanga eziningi zonyaka odlule bese amathonsi emvula awashayi umhlabathi ngamandla, kanjalo akwakheki uhla oluqinile. Khumbula njalo ukuthi ukubola kwezinhlanga kuthatha isikhathi, bese kuzodingeka umanyolo onenayithrojeni ngoba izinhlanga ezibolayo azinikezi inayithrojeni masinya. 

Lapho izulu line kakhulu, fehleza uhla oluqinile ngaphezulu komhlabathi. Uhla oluqinile lizovimba enye imvula ukungena emhlabathini futhi lwandisa ukukhuphuka kwamanzi bese umhlabathi woma masinya. 

Qinisa ukuthi insimu ihlanzekile ayinokhula njalonjalo emva kokuvuna kuze kufike unyaka omusha wokutshala. 

Umthuqu wezinhlanga ngaphezu komhlabathi uvimba ukukhuphuka kwamanzi bese awakwazi ukuhwamuka. Ilanga liyawufudumalisa umthuqu, kodwa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi akwenzeki masinya kakhulu. 

Imalshi kungaba izinhlanga ezisele noma kungaba umthuqu owenzeka lapho kulinywa njalo ngemishini. 

Ngezikhathi izulu lingani, qinisa njalo ukuthi kukhona umquthu ukuze amanzi alondolozeke njalo emhlabathini ongaphezulu. 

