zulu.2538.legendsaug
U-Oliver Tambo
Eminyakeni engu-50 ezibandakanye kwezepolitiki, u-Oliver Tambo wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile emzabalazweni we-ANC wokulwela inkululeko walihola leli qembu nasekudingisweni imbala…
indaba ngu-ISAAC KWELA
ABABEMAZI babethi ukhaliphile unobubele u-Oliver Reginald Tambo owayengomunye wabaholi be-ANC abaqavile. “Ukuhlonipha kwakhe abanye abantu kwakwenza bamthande,” kubhala uLuli Callinicos oyisazi sezomlando. Wayihola i-ANC nangesikhathi isekudingisweni.
U-Comrade OR, nokuyindlela ayaziwa ngayo, wazalwa ngo-October 27, 1917, eMbizana empumalanga yeMpondoland ezalwa nguMzimeni kuJulia owayengunkosikazi wakhe wesithathu.
“Umuzi wasekhaya wawumkhulu. Ubaba wayenamakhosikazi amane kanti sasizwana kakhulu emndenini,” kusho u-OR.
Kwathi lapho uTambo esekhule ngokwanele ukuthi angelusa imfuyo kababa wakhe, kwaqala uhlelo lokuthathwa kwababezosebenza ezimayini kule ndawo. Abesilisa babehamba u-25km beya eBizana lapho kwakuthathwa khona ababezosebenza ezimayini zamalahle KwaZulu-Natal nezegolide eGauteng. Abafowabo bakaTambo baqashwa lapho.
Impilo kaWilson, umfowabo ka-Oliver omdala yaba buthaka emva kokuba ephathwe yiTB esebenza ezimobeni kwadingeka ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Ngo-1929, umalume ka-Oliver nomfowabo omdala uZakhele, bafa emva kokushiswa umlilo owaqubuka emayini yamalahle eDannhauser.
Ukubaluleka kwemfundo
UMzimeni Tambo wayekholelwa ezintweni zesintu kodwa eyazisa imfundo wakhuthaza uTambo ukuba afunde. Waqala wangayizwa kahle eyokufunda uTambo.
“Abafana ababengontanga babeshiye amakhaya bawela Umtamvuna baya eNatali beyosebenza kanti abanye babebuya sebekhulile,” kusho uTambo.
“Mina ngangifunda. Ngafikelwa wumqondo wokubaleka ngisebenze ezingadini noma ezimobeni. Ngawuthola umsebenzi kanti imali ngangiyinika abazali bami.”
Wayeneminyaka engu-11 u-Oliver ngesikhathi ehlangana nomfana owayefunda kwesinye isikole esethimbeni labenkulumo-mpikiswano (debate). Wayithanda indlela ayesikhuluma ngayo isiNgisi lowo mfana nokwamenza washintsha ukucabanga kwakhe ngemfundo, wabona ukuthi ingukhiye wakho konke.
Lokho kwamkhuthaza waqhuba kahle ezifundweni zakhe waze waqeda esizwa abafowabo nezinhlangano ezazisiza abafundi eNgilandi – emva kwalokho wathola umfundaze wokuyofunda eFort Hare.
Lapho wafike wahlangana noNelson Mandela. Bobabili baxoshwa ndawonye emva kokugqugquzela umbhikisho wabafundi. UTambo wathola umsebenzi wokufundisa i-maths esikoleni ayefunda kusona eGoli.
I-ANC entsha
Ihhovisi lomdayisi wezindlu owayenguWalter Sisulu laliseGoli ngakuDiagonal Street. Othisha, abammeli, izintatheli nezinzululwazi babehlanganyela kuleli hhovisi uTambo ahlangana noSisulu kulona.
Wabuye wahlangana namadoda ayekhaliphile anjengo-Anton Lembede, AP Mda, Jordan Ngubane nesitshudeni ayefunda naso eFort Hare esinguNelson Mandela.
UTambo wasungula i-ANC Youth League ngo-1943 ebambisene noMandela noWalter Sisulu.
I-ANC yathatha isinqumo sokuqinisa umzabalazo wayo ngokubhikisha nokubhala izincwadi zezikhalazo. I-Youth League yabona ukuthi lokho akwanele ekufezeni izinjongo zayo yahlela ukuba kube khona abakubiza nge “Programme Of Action,” kwatelekwa.
UTambo wayeka ukufundisa emva kokwethulwa kweProgramme Of Action wajoyina uNelson Mandela bavula inkampani yabammeli. Le nkampani yayisiza ababecindezelwe yimithetho yobandlululo bengenamali yokukhokhela abammeli.
Ngo-1955 waba ngunobhala-jikelele we-ANC emva kokuba uWalter Sisulu edingiswe uhulumeni waseSouth Africa ngaphansi kweSuppression Of Communism Act.
INkosi u-Albert Luthuli wayengumongameli we-ANC ngaleso sikhathi kanti uTambo wathi wakhuthazwa wubuqotho bukaLuthuli.
Ngalowo nyaka kwethulwa iFreedom Charter, eyayinokwakufunwa abantu eSouth Africa yentando yeningi. U-OR wayeyilungu labeNational Action Committee eyabhala okwakuzofakwa kule-charter.
Ngonyaka owalandela, uTambo, uLuthuli, uMandela, uSisulu nabanye abangu-152 baboshelwa ukuvukela umbuso. U-OR neNkosi uLuthuli babuye badedelwa.
NgokukaCallinicos, ngaleso sikhathi u-OR wahlela kabusha umthetho-sisekelo we-ANC, “owawunemininingwane egcwele ngokwamukela kwe-ANC iFreedom Charter.”
Amanye amalungu awuchitha umbono wokubunjwa kwesizwe esasizohlanganisa zonke izinhlanga. Emva komsindo owasuka emhlanganweni owawungo-1959, u-Oliver Tambo engusihlalo wawo, amanye amalungu alishiya leli qembu asungula iPan Africanist Congress.
Ekudingisweni
Emva kwesigameko saseSharpeville sango-1960, uhulumeni wobandlululo wayivala umlomo i-ANC nePAC, washaya umthetho wesimo esibucayi kwaboshwa izishoshovu zezepolitiki.
INkosi uLuthuli yatshela uTambo ukuba alifulathele leli lizwe aye ekudingisweni ukuze inhlangano yabo ithole ukwesekwa ngamazwe ngamazwe.
Wawungelula lowo msebenzi ngoba amazwe amaningi eNtshonalanga ayengathokozile ngesenzo se-ANC sokusebenzisana neSACP nomzabalazo wayo wezikhali wango-1962. Wakukhankasela ngempumelelo ukunswinywa kukahulumeni wobandlululo.
Ngesikhathi esebenza noDokotela uYusuf Dadoo, balwela ukukhishwa kweSouth Africa kwiCommonwealth ngo-1961.
UTambo wavula izinkambo ze-ANC eGibhithe, eGhana, eMorocco naseNgilandi. Ngo-1990 i-ANC yayisinezinkambo emazweni angu-27.
Emva kwezibhelu zaseSoweto
Emva kukaJune 16, 1976, amakhulu ngamakhulu ezingane zesikole zalifulathela leli zayojoyina izinhlangano zomzabalazo ezazisekudingisweni.
U-OR waqoqa iminikelo kwamanye amazwe ukuze lezi zingane zithole indawo yokuhlala zifunde.
Wagcizelela iphuzu lokubaluleka kwentando yeningi ehlanganisa amaqembu ahlukahlukene lapho abantu beyonikwa khona inkululeko yokuzikhulumela, yokubamba imihlangano, yokukhuluma ulimi abaluthandayo bakhethe nenkolo nenhlangano ezwana nabo.
“Kusemahlombe ethu ukwakha isizwe saseSouth Africa esikhululekile sezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene,” kusho yena.
Ngo-1985 uTambo waphinde waqokwa njengomongameli we-ANC. Ngo-1991 wabuyela eSouth Africa. Emhlanganweni wokuqala we-ANC owawuseSouth Africa owawubanjelwe eThekwini ngoJuly kulowo nyaka, waqokwa njengosihlalo kazwelonke we-ANC.
U-Oliver Reginald Tambo usishiye emhlabeni ngo-April 24, 1993 emva kokuphathwa yi-stroke.
Emva konyaka esishiyile, isizwe saseSouth Africa saba nokhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi - kwagcina kwenzeke into ayeyilwela.[z]
BONA ZULU – August 2006
u-OR
UComrade
BONA ZULU – August 2006
