zulu.1970.yourlifeguide_health
Konke nge
Abantu bacabanga ukuthi iTB ihlasela amaphaphu kuphela kodwa eqinisweni ingasabalala nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Sibheka izinhlobo ezihlukene zeTB
Iyini iTB?
I-TB yisifo esithathelanayo esivame ukuhlasela amaphaphu, kodwa ingaba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. I-TB isabalala emoyeni uma onayo ekhwehlela, ethimula noma efela amathe. NgokweWorld Health Organisation, abantu abacela kokokuthathu emhlabeni abanegciwane leTB kanti umuntu oyedwa ngomzuzwana ophathwa yizifo ezihambisana nalesi sifo.
Umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-10 onalezo zifo angaba neTB – okungathi uma iyekwa ingelashwa, ibulale abangaphezulu kwengxenye abanayo.
Yiziphi izimpawu zeTB?
■ Wukukhwehlela okungapheli.
■ Wukukhwehlela igazi.
■ Yimfiva nokujuluka ebusuku.
■ Wukwehla kwesisindo somzimba
■ Wukuqaqamba kwesifuba.
Ubani osengozini?
■ Yiziguli ezineHIV.
■ Abanesifo sikashukela.
■ Abantu abahlala ezindaweni eziminyene.
■ Yizingane nabadala.
■ Abasebenzisa izidakamizwa nabaphuzayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zeTB?
Kwi-TB sine-pulmonary tuberculosis, iTB esemaphashini, ne-extra pulmonary tuberculosis, iTB engaphandle kwamaphaphu, ngokukaDkt. Makgale Motlanthe, esaxoxa naye.
Uqhuba athi ingakabi khona iHIV, bangaphezulu kuka-80% ababeba neTB esemaphashini kuphela.
I-TB engaphakathi emaphashini
Zinhlanu izinhlobo zayo:
■ Primary TB pneumonia: Lolu wuhlobo olungajwayelekile oluvame ukuphatha iziguli ezinamasosha omzimba antekenteke, njengezingane nabadala. Luthathelana kakhulu.
■ Laryngeal TB: Ihlasela umphimbo. Nayo iyathathelana.
■ Cavitary TB: Lolu hlobo lunezimpawu ezifana nezeTB. Luvula izimbobo emaphashini kanti luthathelana kakhulu.
■ Miliary TB: Iphatha intsha, abadala nabanamasosha omzimba antekenteke. Ebaphethe basengozini yokuphathwa yimfiva eyingozi. I-X-ray yabo iveza okusazinhlamvu zerayisi emaphashini.
■ TB Pleurisy: Ihambisana nephika, ubuhlungu besifuba namanzi emaphashini.
I-TB engaphandle emaphashini
Kulezi zinhlobo zeTB izifo ziqala emaphashini zisabalalele egazini ukuze zihlasele izitho zomzimba:
■ Adrenal TB: Ihlasela indlala ebizwa nge-adrenal kuthikamezeke nokukhiqizeka kwama-hormone. Iziguli ezinalolu hlobo lweTB ziyaquleka noma ziphelelwe amandla.
■ Lymph node TB: Ihambisana nokuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes. Ama-lymph nodes yiqoqo lama-cells atholakala emzimbeni. Asebenza njengezisefo zamagciwane kanti amqoka kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwamasosha omzimba.
■ Osteal TB: Ihlasela amathambo nokuyinto eholela ekuphukeni kwawo.
■ TB Peritonitis: Kule kumbondelana amanzi olwelwesini lwamathumbu, kuqaqambe kwesingezansi
■ TB Meningitis: Ihlasela ubuchopho kanti izimpawu zihambisana nokuqaqamba kwekhanda. Iyabulala uma ingelashwanga.
■ TB Arthritis: Ihlasela amalungu omzimba, ikakhulu ama-hips noma amadolo.
■ TB Pericarditis: Kugcwala amanzi enhliziyweni, kuthikamezeke ukusebenza kwayo.
Ngabe ziyelapheka ezinye izinhlobo zeTB?
Yebo. Ukutholakala kwekhambi elibizwa ngeRifampicin ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970 kwenza kwaba lula ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kwasuka ezinyangeni ezingu-24 kwaya kwezingu-6. Kodwa uDkt. Makgale wexwayisa ngokuthi iTB eba ngaphandle kwamaphaphu ayelapheki ngokushesha.
Kumqoka ukuphuza imithi ngaphansi kweso likadokotela.
Uma isiguli singayiphuzi kahle
imithi, sisengozini yokuphathwa yi “multiple drug resistance TB” engelapheki ngamakhambi ajwayelekile.
Kulolu hlobo kuphuzwa amakhambi amaningi kuphele izinyanga ezingu-9 noma ngaphezulu umuntu elashwa
uma isifo singaphandle emaphashini.[z]
Indaba: Kamogelo Sebola
IMPILO YAKHO
Isa-balala emoyeni
