zulu.2998.rwanda
Esinye sezitaladi eKigali njengamanje. Esikhathini esedlule, kwakugcwele izidumbu ezibolile kuyo yonke indawo.
NANSI indlela okwenzeka ngayo. AmaTutsi ayethathwa njengenyenzi nokungukufanisa umuntu nephela. Ngesinyenyela uhulumeni walanda wasabalalisa izinkulungwane ngezinkulungwane zezizenze. Emva kwalokho iziteshi zokusakaza zamemezela amagama namakheli abantu okwakufanele babulawe - nokuwuhlu olwaludwetshwe ezinyangeni ezedlule.
Ngo-April 1994 ngesikhathi kuqala ukubulalana, uJacqueline Nyiramayonde wayehlala eKigali. Yena nendodana yakhe nendodakazi, bahlala isonto lonke becashe emva kwekhabethe emzini kamakhelwane wakhe.
Emva kwalokho bahanjiswa ngesinyenyela bayiswa eButare lapho uJacqueline wahlanganiswa nomyeni wakhe nomndeni bahlala ekubhaceni eminye iminyaka emithathu. Ngo-1998 emva kokucekelwa phansi komuzi wabo eKigali babuyela ekhaya lakubo endaweni yaseNyamata. Emva kweminyaka emine, kule ndawo kwakusalokhu kugcwele izidumbu.
"Abafowethu abathathu nodadewethu ababili base bebulewe," kusho yena. "Umalume wabulawa nezingane zakhe zonke. Umyeni wami walahlekelwa abafowabo bonke nodadewabo. Salahlekelwa yilo lonke ithemba."
Njengoba umyeni wakhe nezingane besaphila, uJacqueline uthi ungomunye wababa nenhlanhla.
"Imindeni eminingi yabulawa yonke kwangasala muntu kwangaba khona lutho abayokhunjulwa ngakho," kusho umbhalo ose-museum ngesibhicongo saseKigali.
"Izitaladi zazigcwele izidumbu, izinja zidla izidumbu ezibolile zabanini bazo...
"I-Rwanda yayifile."
Kuphephile
I-museum ekhona namuhla isiluphawu oluchaza ukuthi okwenzeka yinto engelula ukulibaleka.
Ngempela ningasho ukuthi kwenzeka umlingo kuleli lizwe, ngokusho kwephephabhuku iTime elichaza izwe laseRwanda njenge "nkanyezi entsha yase-Africa".
"Uma uhamba kule ndawo yaseKigali, akulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi eminyakeni engu-13 eyedlule leli dolobha elihlanzekile laligcwele izidumbu zabantu," kusho intatheli uKevin Whitelaw wephephandaba i-US News.
"Manje leyo migwaqo isikhucululwe yahlanzwa njengoba kuyisibopho sanoma ngubani kule ndawo ukuba enyangeni eyodwa kube khona usuku olubekelwe bonke abantu ukuhlanza leli dolobha - ngisho nongqongqoshe bakahulumeni imbala."
Ezinye izinto zisadinga ukulungiswa - amarobhothi omgwaqo anesikhathi eside engasebenzi. Kunalabo abathi iKigali yidolobha eliphephe kunawo wonke e-Africa.
Ngaphansi kukaMongameli uPaul Kagame, uhulumeni waseRwanda uzimisele ngokwakha isizwe esisodwa esingenakho ukwehlukana kwezinhlanga.
"Sithi iRwanda phambili, bese kulandela amaHutu namaTutsi," kuchaza uFatuma Ndangiza oyinhloko yabeNational Unity And Reconciliation Commission.
IRwanda izimisele ngokuba yisizinda sokusetshenziswa kwe-internet e-Africa.
Kwakunzima
"Sifuna ukuhamba phambili kwezokuxhumana kuleli," kusho uRomain Murenzi ongungqongqoshe wesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.
Kumanje uhulumeni waseRwanda usuthole izincomo zokusebenza ngokwethembeka nangobuqotho nokungabi nenkohlakalo.
Lokhu kubulawa kwamaTutsi kwakuphehlwa wuhulumeni owawuphethe. Omakhelwane babebulalana bodwa, kanti kwakukhona ngisho nabefundisi ababa nesandla ekubulaweni kwamaTutsi emabandleni abo.
Esontweni laseNyamata namanje usengabona udonga namabala egazi lapho izingane zazisacazelwa khona. Izimbambo, izingalo nemilenze nogebhezi lwamakhanda kugcwele amasaka. Sekuphele iminyaka engu-13 kodwa nanamuhla basathola izidumbu, ngokusho komunye wasendaweni.
Indawo yaseNyamata eyayithathwa njengesizinda samaTutsi yiyo lapho ophumasilwe bamaHutu i-Interahamwe babulala khona kakhulu ngo-April 1994.
"Obaba abangamaHutu babebulala izingane zabo ngoba bethi zifana namakhosikazi abo ayengamaTutsi. Into enjalo ungayichaza uyithini," kusho umongameli uKagame.
Okwenza isimo sedlulele wukuthi njengoba becishe babe ngu-90 000 abasolwa ngokuba nesandla kulesi sibhicongo okumanje basemajele, ngisho nabe-United Nations ababhekene namacala ezimpi abakwazi ukumelana nengcindezi yomsebenzi
Ababulali.
Angaphezu kuka-750 000 amacala - asukela ekuphangeni ngenkani kuya ekubulaleni - okusamele athethwe. Isixazululo sikahulumeni kwaba wukusebenzisa indlela yomthetho wamasiko owaziwa ngokuthi yigacaca ukuze babhekane namacala alesi sibhicongo.
Amajaji aqokwa ngumphakathi.
Ngabe kulula kangakanani ukukhohlwa yilokhu okwenzeka"
Omunye wesilisa owaxoxisana nentatheli uKevin Whitelaw, wathi walahlekelwa yibo bobabili abazali bakhe nabafowabo abayisikhombisa kwabayisishiyagalolunye kanye nodadewabo. Njengengxenye yokubuyisana, uthi wamqonda oyedwa walabo ababulala ubaba wakhe okumanje usejele, wambuza ukuthi wayengambulala kanjani umuntu owayekhokhela izingane zakhe imali yesikole.
"WayeyiTutsi," lena yiyona mpendulo eyashiwo yileso siboshwa. Asizange sixolise, futhi asizange sibe nokuzisola.
Omunye ngu-Imakulata Mukankundiye. Ngolunye uLwesihlanu ekuseni ngo-1994, idlanzana lomakhelwane bakhe bagasela epulazini lakhe, bakhiphela ngaphandle umndeni wakhe base beshisa indlu yakhe.
Emva kokunquma izinkomo zakhe, badonsa umyeni wakhe oyiTutsi nezingane zakhe ezine. Ngenxa yokuthi wayeyiHutu yena wasinda nezingane zamantombazane ezimbili.
Abesilisa bathathwa bavalelwa esontweni. Ngosuku lwesine, ophumasilwe bamaHutu baphonsa amabhomu esontweni baqedela abasinda ngezizenze.
UMukankundiye walahlekelwa amalungu omndeni wakhe angu-17 ngalelo langa.
Namuhla, abanye balawo madoda agasela epulazini lakhe ngalelo langa sebawavuma amacala abo kanti kumanje bahleli ngokukhululeka kule ndawo.
"Akukho noyedwa owafika kimina ngqo ukuzoxolisa," kusho uMukankundiye.
"Ngalahlekelwa wumndeni wami wonke. Ngaphakathi kimina angiphathekile kahle kodwa uhulumeni usicela ukuba sibaxolele abenzi balokhu. Nami ayikho into engingayenza," kusho uMukankundiye (50).
Indlela eya phambili
Ikhofi yiwona mkhiqizo omkhulu kuleli lizwe njengoba lilinywa cishe ngabalimi abangu-40% baseRwanda. UMukankundiye uqhuba kahle kakhulu njengoba enezihlahla cishe ezingu-250 epulazini lakhe lekhofi.
Enye inkinga yi-AIDS. Bonke abantu abangu-35 000 baseRwanda abaphethwe yi-AIDS basebenzisa imishanguzo yalesi sifo," kuphawula u-Alex Perry weTime.
NjengeZambia neKenya, iRwanda nayo isikwazile ukwehlisa izinga le-HIV - ngokusho kukaMichael Gerson weWashington Post.
Kuleli lizwe izinga labane-HIV lingu-3%.
IRwanda iphinde ibeke ikusasa layo kubantu abasha. Izikole eziningi ezingama-secondary kumanje zinamakhomphyutha cishe angu-10 kanti futhi zixhumekile nakwi-internet. Eminyakeni cishe emihlanu elandelayo, noma iyiphi ingane esikoleni izobe isine-laptop yayo.
Abantu abasha nabo sebefunda ukuba bazisize. Ekanye nabanye abantu abasha besimame nabesilisa abangu-29, uMarguerite Mukasine (22) ngumlimi wekhofi ongomunye wamalungu eqembu labantu abasha abahlangana kanye ngenyanga bezoxoxisana nganoma yini kusukela kwi-AIDS kuya ekubuyisaneni.
UMukasine wabulawela abomndeni wakhe abathathu ngo-1994.
Ubumbano
UFerdinand Sinzabakwira ungomunye wophumasilwe besizwe samaHutu kodwa okumanje usephendukile. Lo mlisa umangazwa yindlela aphathwa kahle ngayo nokuyinto engicabanga ukuthi uqinisile uma ethi: "Inkinga ezweni lethu yindlala hhayi amaHutu namaTutsi. Lokho yinto esetshenziswa abantu bezepolitiki ukuze bahlale bephethe."
Make sibuyele kuJacqueline Nyiramayonde. Emigedeni yezindlu zaseNyamata, yena nomyeni wakhe bathola izingane eziyizintandane zezihlobo zabo base beyazithatha bezinakekela.
"Kulapho ngaqala khona ukucabanga ngekusasa futhi," kusho yena ngesikhathi exoxisana no-Alex Perry weTime.
Wavula isitolo esincane, umyeni wakhe waqala walima watshala ummbila, ubhatata neklabishi wafuya nezinkomo ezimbili.
"Ikusasa lizokuba ngcono kakhulu ezinganeni zethu," kusho uJacqueline.
"I-Rwanda izokhohlwa okwedlule ibumbane."[z]
Sibhekisisa ukuzalwa kabusha kweRwanda
indaba ngu-ISAAC KWELA
Inhloko-dolobha yeRwanda yidolobha eliphephe kunawo wonke e-Africa, ngisho nongqongqoshe bakahulumeni bayasiza ngokugcina izitaladi zihlanzekile, kanti ikhofi lakhona lithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele - nokuyinto engenisela abalimi imali eningi - ekubeni eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, kubikwa ukuthi ingane yesikole ngayinye iyobe isinekhomphyutha yayo eyi-laptop...
Izindlela zokuziphilisa ngemikhiqizo ethile njengekhofi ziyinkomba yokukhula komnotho eRwanda emva kwesibhicongo sokubulawa kwabantu.
Basinda ekufeni - ngomlingo!
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'Inkinga kuleli lizwe wububha, hhayi amaHutu namaTutsi. Lokho yinto esetshenziswa abezepolitiki ukuze balokhu bephethe'.
Namanje isibhicongo sokubulawa kwabantu eRwanda asikalibaleki.
Emangcwabeni aseNyaza ngaphandle kwaseKigali nokuyilapho izinkulungwane zesibhicongo sokubulawa zangcwatshwa khona.
Izinto ezimibalabala ezisemakethe yaseKigali nokuluphawu lokuvuka kabusha kweRwanda.
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Umsuka wesibhicongo sokubulawa kwabantu
Ukuthi yasuka kanjani ingxabano yobuhlanga kumaHutu namaTutsi, akekho owaziyo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi abangamaBelgians ababusa iRwanda iminyaka engu-40 benza isimo sedlulela ngokubandlulula baphathe kahle amaTutsi.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-1950, abaseBelgium bashintsha beseka abaholi bamaHutu. Ngo-1959, amaqembu abangamaHutu alutha amakhaya abulala abangamaTutsi. Baningi abalibangisa ekudingisweni.
Emva kwenkululeko ngo-1962, kwabusa uhulumeni wamaHutu. AmaTutsi ayesekudingisweni asungula iRwandan Patriotic Front, uphiko lwezempi ngenhloso yokuketula umbuso wamaHutu. Ngo-1993 kwaxoxiswana ngendaba yokuletha ukuthula.
Ngobusuku bomhlaka 6 April 1994 ibhanoyi elalithwele umongameli waseRwanda uJuvenal Habyarimana, ongowesizwe samaHutu owayengakufihli nakancane ukuwazonda kwakhe amaTutsi, ladutshulwa.
Abezindaba abangamaHutu bagxeka amaTutsi ngalesi senzo - nakuba kunobufakazi bokuthi lokhu kwaqhutshwa ngamaHutu ayengahambisani ngokwabelana amandla okuphatha.
Emva kwamahora angemangaki kubulewe umongameli - kwasuka ukubulawa kwabantu okungakaze kubonwe kuleli lizwe.
Ngaphakathi e-museum yesikhumbuzo eKigali omunye wabasinda esibhicongweni sango-1994 ebukisisa isithombe sesonto lapho kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kuka-5 000 bebulawa abangamaHutu.
