Umhlabathi - Soil 

HLola umhlabathi wakho 

Instructions:

Folio strap: Ukulungisa umhlabathi

Byline: Imininingwane itholakale kuGrain SA Advanced Production Course

Photos:

Ezweni lethu elomile lapho sitshala ukudla okuzinhlamvu futhi sibheka imvula kuphela ukusilethela amanzi, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi umhlabathi ubenamandla ukulondoIoza umswakamo ukuze izitshalo zizokwazi ukudonsa lawo manzi – lokhu kuyinto enkulu lapho sibheka ukuthi umhlabathi othile unamandla amangakanani ukukhiqhiza ukudla. 

Kukhona futhi okunye esifanele sikuhlole uma sifuna ukuthola ukuthi amandla omhlabathi othile anjani: ukujula komhlabathi, inani lesidaka emhlabathini nokuhlolwa komhlabathi ngamakhemikeli. Kufanele izimpande zezitshalo zikwazi ukungena phansi emhlabathini ukuthola amanzi nokudla okudingekayo lapho zimila. 

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ipulazi noma ngaphambi kokuqinisa ukuthi ufuna ukwenzani ngamasimu akho, kufanele kuhloliswe amandla omhlabathi ukukhiqiza. Amandla omhlabathi azotholalakala uma ugubha imigodi ezindaweni ezikhethiweyo emasimini. Le migodi ivama kunobukhulu obulingana na-1m x 1m futhi nokjula okuya phansi okulingana na-1,2 m. Lapho sihlola le migodi, kuzositshela ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo zomhlabathi ezinjani kulelo pulazi. 

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kanje: ngena phakathi emgodini bese uthatha uthulusi ofana nommese ucezule umhlabathi usuke ngaphezulu uye ngaphansi, sonke isikhathi ubheka futhi ubhale phansi ukuthi isimo (uhlobo) somhlabathi sishintsha kanjani lapho wehlela phansi. 

Ungaqhubeka ukusebenzisa ijombolo elikhipha umhlabathi ngendlela ezokhombisa uhlobo lomhlabathi ekujuleni okuthile futhi ukuthola ukujula lapho izimpande zizokwazi ukungena khona, futhi kuzokhombisa ukuthi kukhona izinhla (izingqimbangqimba) ezilukhuni ngaphansi ezizovimba amandla omhlabathi ukukhiqiza. Lezi zinhla zingadalwa ngukulima ngokujula okufanayo njalonjalo noma kungaba udaka oluqinile noma kungaba amatshe azovimba ukuthi izimpande zimile kahle. 

Kungaba into enhle ukuthenga noma ukufunda ibhuku elibizwa ngokuthi:

Soil Classification – A binomial system for South Africa 

ISBN 0-621-10784-0 elingatholakala ku-: 

The research and Technology Manager 

Private Bag X79 

Pretoria 0001 

Ngokwejwayelekile indawo yokukhiqiza ethile izoba nezinhlobo zomhlabathi ezitholakala kuleyo ndawo kuphela. Umhlabathi onamandla amaningi ukukhiqiza awungeke ufane lapho uhlolwa ngendlela esiqhaze ngaphezulu ezindaweni ezahlukene, nezinhlobo zomhlabathi zingahluka, kodwa uma sibheka sihlanganisa lokhu nezinto njengesimo sezulu nokudla kwezitshalo okungaba khona kungasho ukuthi amandla alawo nalawo masimu aphakeme ezindaweni lezo nalezo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi umhlabathi oyi-avalon onamandla amaningi ukukhiqiza amathani angu-3,5 nangaphezulu eTweespruit awukwazi ukulinganiswa nomhlabathi oyiHutton eViljoenskroon okhiqiza amathani ommbila angaphezu kwamathani angu-6 ngehektheli ngomnyaka omuhle. 

Ukuthola amandla omhlabathi angaba khona, kufanele kuhlolwe okulandelayo:

Ukujula komhlabathi lapho izimpande zingangena kalula; 

Izinhla ezilukhuni; 

Inani lemvula njalo ngonyaka; 

Amandla omhlabathi ukulondoloza umswakamo (amanzi); 

Amandla nenani lokudla elikhona emhlabathini.

Le ncwajana ngumshicilelo kaMeyi 2008 wePula-Imvula. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka eziningi izitshalo ezitshalwa ehlobo sezikhulile seziyavuthwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isitshalo asisadonsi ukudla emhlabathini. Nokho awusengakavuni ukudla okusemasimini, kuyisikhathi esihle sokucabanga ngohlobo lwesitshalo oqonda ukusitshala ngonyaka ozayo. 

Uyazi kahle ukuthi izitshalo zidinga ukudla okusemhlabathini ukuze zimile zikhiqize izinhlamvu. Lokhu kudla kudonswa yisitshalo emhlabathini. Mhlawumbe singathi ukuthi umhlabathi ufana nekhabethe lapho ubeka izinhlobo zokudla (groceries). Ngaphambi kokuya esitolo ukuthenga ukudla, kufanele ubheke ukuthi kusekhona ukudla okunjani kulelo khabethe – uma ungabheki, kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge ukudla okusekhona ukhohlwe ukuthenga lezo zinhlobo eziphelile. Ukuthatha amasampula omhlabathi kufana nokuyobheka ukuthi kusekhonani ekhabethini lokudla. Kubalulekile ukuthi uthathe amasampula omhlabathi manje ukuze uthole umphumela wokuhlolisisa kusekhona isikhathi okuzokusiza ukuhlanganisa isu elihle lokutshala ngonyaka ozayo. Uma unawo umphumela wamasampula uzokwazi ukuthi kudingeka umcako emasimini akho futhi kufanele uthele umanyolo onjani nongakanani ehektheleni elilodwa. 

Ukuthatha nokufaka ilebula elifanelekile emasampuleni omhlabathi 

Ukuthatha amasampula omhlabathi

Ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo ensimini ethile, kubalulekile ukuthatha amasampula omhlabathi ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zikamanyolo ezifanele zithelwe ukuze uthole umvuno umuhle. Amasampula omhlabathi afanele athathwe ngendlela echazwa lapha:

Thatha inani lamasampula (kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-10, maqondana nobukhulu bensimu) emhlabathini wangaphezulu - 15 cm ngokujula.

Hlanganisa onke amasampula omhlabathi wangaphezulu owathathe ensimini ethile bese uthatha 1 kg kulomhlabathi ohlanganisiwe kube isampula lomhlabathi wangaphezulu.

Thatha inani lamasampula (kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-10, maqondana nobukhulu bensimu) emhlabathini wangaphansi – ukusuka ku-15 kuya ku-30 cm ngokujula.

Hlanganisa onke amasampula omhlabathi wangaphansi owathathe ensimini ethile bese uthatha 1 kg kulomhlabathi ohlanganisiwe kube isampula lomhlabathi wangaphansi.

Bhala kahle usuku (ideyiti) nenombolo elebuleni. Kulelo lebula kufanele kubekhona okulandelayo:

Igama lomlimi;

Igama lepulazi;

Ikheli leposi lomlimi – faka negama ledolobha; futhi

Inombolo lensimu (qinisa ukuthi unikeze onke amasimu akho inombolo, gcina irekhodi kwalokhu).

Hambisa amasampula elebhwini (laboratory) lapho azohlolwa khona. Uma ungazi kahle ukuthi kufanele uthumele amasampula akho, thintana nomhlanganisi mephrovinsi weGrain SA Farmer Development Programme (amagama neminingwane kusekugcineni kwale Pula-Imvula). 

Khumbula ukuthi uma kukhona izinhlobonhlobo zomhlabathi ezahlukene kakhulu ensimini eyodwa, kuzodingeka ukuthi unikeze lezo zindawo igama nenombolo elahlukile elebuleni – phatha amarekhodi kwalokhu futhi.

