Ukubungazwa Kwentsha YaseNingizimu Afrika

Isendlalelo
Ngonyaka ka-1974, uhulumeni wobandlululo wanquma ukubuyisa umthetho owahlula uDkt HF Verwoerd uma ezama ukuwusebenzisa ngonyaka ka-1953, ngesikhathi ephethe ikomidi lezemfundo. Uhulumeni wangaleso sikhathi waphoqelela umthetho ka-“50/50” lapho kwakuthiwa isiBhunu kufanele kube wulimi lokufundisa i-mathematics, izifundo ze-social studies kanye nezibalo, kuthi isayensi, isifundo sokusebenza ngepulangwe, ubuciko kanye nomsebenzi wezandla kufundiswe ngesiNgisi. Isigameko sokuqala somzabalazo saqalwa othisha nabazali. 

Ngonyaka ka-1975, Amabhodi Ezikole eziyisikhombisa ayalela othisha ukuthi bangafundisi ngesiBhunu, lokho kwaholela ekutheni uMnyango Wemfudo Yabantu uxoshe oSihlalo abahlanu Bamabhodi Ezikole.

Kwathi ngo-1976, kwakhula umuzwa wokwenyanya uhlelo lweBantu Education. Uma sekusondele isikhathi sezibhelu zango-June 16, abafundi baseSoweto baqopha emasangweni wesinye sezikole ezingamasekhondari, isisho esithi: Ngena ukuze Ufunde, Shiya ukuze Uyosebenza ngokukhonza (“Enter to Learn, Leave to Serve”).

Kwathi ngoMashi walowo nyaka isiBhunu saphoqelelwa ukuba ulimi lokufundisa kwezinye zezikole zaseSoweto, kwase kuthi umzabalazo omelene nomthetho ka”50/50” waqala ukukhula. 

Ngomhlaka 17 ku Meyi ezinye zezikole zaqala ukugqugquzela iziteleka, zifuna ukuthi kumiswe ukusetshenziswa kwesiBhunu njengolimi lokufundisa.  

Kwathi ngo Juni, ezinye zezikole zenqaba ukubhala izivivinyo zesifundo se-Social Studies ngesiBhunu zaze zesabisa ngokuduba zonke izivivinyo zika Juni. 

Kwathi ngeSonto ziyi-13 ku Juni, kwabanjwa umhlangano lapho okwavunyelwana ngokuthi mhlaziyi-16 namhlaziyi- 17 kube nemashi eSoweto yonke, ezophela ngokuthi kube ne-rally kakhukhulela-ngoqo ngoLwesihlanu ziyi-18 ku Juni. Kulowo mhlangano wangeSonto kwakhiwa ikomidi elalibizwa ngeSoweto Action Committee (SAC), elalinamalungu amabili esekhondari ngayinye yaseSoweto. Leli komidi laliqokelwe ukuthi lihlelele le mashi yokuthula eyayihlongozwa.
 
I-SAC kanye nabo bonke ababehambele lowo mhlangano bathathiswa isifungo sokuthi bagcine konke okwenzekayo kuyimfihlo ziyi- 13 ku Juni ukuze izinhlelo zingaphazanyiswa izimpimpi. Kwathi ezinsukwini ezintathu kwase kukhishwe izwi neziyalo zokuthi yini ekufanele yenziwe ngalelo langa. 

NgoLwesithathu ekuseni ziyi- 16 ku Juni ka 1976, abafundi baseSoweto babuthana ezindaweni ezingaphezu ezingaphezu kweziyi 12 ukuzomasha.  Ama-marshal asabalalisa izingqwembe ezazibhalwe iziqubulo ngesandla ezazithi: “Phansi ngesiBhunu” nezithi: “IsiBhunu wulimi Lobuzwe”.

Ukubaluleka kukaJuni 16
Lolu suku luqopha izinga eliphezulu lomzabalazo wentsha yaseNingizimu Afrika owawukade uqale ngaphambilini waqhubeka kwaze kwafika intandoyeningi ngo 1994. Izibhelu zaseSoweto, umongo womzabalazo wentsha, wathungela uchungachunge lwemibhikisho ezweni lonke kodwa eyayicindezelwa ngendlula yilabo ababeyiziphathimandla zombuso wobandlululo. Kwafa abantu abaningi, kwathi amakhulu aboshwa, kanti iningi lashiya leli lizwe ukuze liyongena emibuthweni yempi yezinhlangano ezazivalwe imilomo zisekudingisweni. Ukubaluleka kukaJuni 16 ka 1976 kubonakal ngendlela abantu abazinikela ngayo, ukuzibophezela enkululekweni nokuvuselelwa kobuzwe babo.

Futhi kwaba nomthelela ekutheni kube nohlelo lwezemfundo oluhlonipha isithunzi somuntu, ukwehlukana kwamasiko, ukukhetha ngokukhululeka kanye nokushabashekela ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa kwamathuba alinganayo. 

Izenzo zabantu abasha bangeminyaka yo 70 zabanomthelela omkhulu ekwakheni ikusasa lezwe lethu. Njengabaholi bangomuso bakwazi ukubona ikusasa labo bakwazi nokuzicabela indlela okwakufanele bayilandele. Ngemibono yabo, izenzo kanye nokuzinikela kwabo bavuthela umlilo wempi elwa nombuso wengcindezelo, okwagcina ngokuthi kuholele entandweni yeningi.

Abantu abasha bayaqhubeka ngokudlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini kanti nohulumeni wentandoyeningi uzibophezele ekuthuthukiseni abantu abasha, okuyibona abaholi bakusasa kanye nabangabagcini benkululeko yethu etholake ngokuthi ilwelwe kanzima. Intshesekelo yabantu abasha manje isihanjiswa yisikhungo esisanda kusungulwa oku-Isikhungo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu Abasha esaziwa nge-Youth Development Agency (YDA) esingene esikhundleni seKhomishane Kazwelonke Yabantu Abasha kanye neSikhwama Sabantu Abasha Umsobomvu, njengesakhiwo sikahulumeni sokubhekela izindaba zabantu abasha.

Izinselelo ezibhekene Nabantu Abasha 
Abantu abasha banamulha babhekene nezinselelo eziningi kakhulu ezibala nesibalo esikhulu sabaswele umsebenzi, ububha, kanye nobugebengu. Ukuswela umsebenzi kuhlanganisa zonke izimo abantu abasha abakuzo, ukusukela kwabanebanga leshumi ukuya kwabaneziqu zemfundo ephakeme. 

Futhi abantu abasha baseNingizimu Afrika bakene nenselelo yokuphathwa yizifo zocansi kubalwa neSandulela Ngculaza neNgculaza. 

Amakhaya aphethwe ngabantu abasha kanye nalawo aphethwe yizingane aya ngokwanda ngenxa yokushona kwabazali bebulawa yizifo ezingosomathuba ezihlobene neNgculazi neSandulela Ngculaza ezifana neSifo soFuba i-TB.

Inselelo enkulu ebhekene nelizwe lethu isekutheni sikwazi ukuqwashisa abantu abasha ngokuthi bazazi ukuthi bangobani, bawazi umlando wabo futhi sibafake intshisekelo yokuthi bahlale bethanda izwe labo. Uma sibuka intshesekelo ekhonjiswe ngabantu abasha okhethweni lwesine lwentandoyeningi, lokho kusho ukuthi lo mzabalazo uyanqotshwa.

Amathuba Abantu Abasha 
Uhulumeni wentandoyeningi wakhe izikhungo ezifana neSikhungo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwentsha Sikazwelonke (NDA) okuyisona esigunyazwe ukuthi sibhekane nazo zonke izindaba zabantu abasha, ukusuka emithethomgomweni ukuya kwezentuthuko. Lesi sikhungo siphethwe nguNgqongqoshe Ehhovisi LikaMongameli. I-NDA yisikhungo esakhiwe nguhulumeni ukuze akwazi ukwenanela bukhoma izinselelo zezomnotho ezibhekene nabantu abasha, kanti futhi njengeSikhungo sesikhwama sentuthuko senzelwe ukuthi sakhele abantu abasha baseNingizimu Afrika isithangama sokwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono, kanye nokudluliselwa phambili kwamakhono.

Ukubaluleka kwezemfundo kuqhakanjiswa wukwehlukaniswa kweMinyango emibili yezemfundo: okunguMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo kanye noMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqesha, ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi yabo bayenza ngokuphelele.

Indima edlalwa yiPhalamende Ekuthuthukisweni Kwabantu Abasha
IPhlamende linamakomidi afana neKomidi Lesishayamthetho Sikazwelonke le Zabesifazane, Abantwana kanye Nabantu Abaphila Nokukhubazeka, lona okudingeka ukuthi libhekane nezindaba zabantu abasha. Kusemahlombe alawa Makomidi ukuqapha intuthuko yezindaba zabantu abasha futhi kufanele abhekane nemithetho ethinta abantu abasha.

Emsebenzini walo osemqoka wokushaya imithetho, iPhalamende liphasise imithetho eminingi efana: noMthetho Wokuhlomisa Abamnyama Kwezomnotho ka 2003 owaziwa nge-Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, uMthetho Wokuthuthukiswa Kwamakhono ka 1998 kanye noMthetho Wokuqashwa Ngokulingana owaziwa 
nge-Employment Equity Act.

Emsebenzini walo wokuqapha, iPhalamende liqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho eshayiwe iyasetshenziswa kubalwa naleyo enzelwe abantu abasha baleli lizwe.

Indlela abantu abasha abangazimbandakanya ngayo ePhalamende
Ukuze iPhalamende lifinyeleleke kakhudlwana, kwakhiwe uhlelo olwaziwa 
nge-“Member’s Interface” lapho abantu abasha bangahlangana neLungu LePhalamende ukuze bakhulume ngezindaba eziqondene nabo. Futhi bangezwakalisa imibono yabo ngokukhuluma noma ngokwenza izethulo ezibhalwe phansi. 

Futhi abantu abasha benza ingxenye yabantu abahambela Imihlangano Yamakomidi lapho iningi lemisebenzi yePhalamende yenzeka khona, kanti futhi bangahambela imihlangano yePhalamende ukuze bakwazi ukubuka okwenziwayo ukuze bathole ulwazi  futhi bazihlomise.

IPhalamende linezinhlelo izinto eziningi ezibhekiswe emikhakheni ehlukene, isibonelo: iPhalamende Labantu Abasha (elibakhona ngenyanga Yabantu Abasha) lapho kukhulunywa khona ngezindaba eziqondene nabantu abasha futhi lapho kuvunyelwe ukuthi kube yibona kuphela ababamba iqhaza kanti nalokho okwenziwa lapho kwenzelwa ukuhlonipha bona. 

UMthethosisekelo uphoqa iPhalamende ukuthi libandakanye abantu emisebenzini yalo nasezindleleni okwenziwa ngazo izinto zakhona, ngalokho-ke abantu abasha njengengxenye yomphakathi bayamenywa njalo ukuze babeyingxenye yezinhlelo zePhalamende, ezifana noKulalelwa Komphakathi okwaziwa nge-Public Hearing, Ukwethulwa Kwenkulumo Ngesimo Sezwe, ezinye zezinhlelo zokuxhumana nabantu kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokuzimbandakanywa kwabantu. 

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