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Ukuphatha isilokazane esiqopha izinkuni zommbila



Instructions:

Folio strap: Ukuphatha izilokazane

Byline: UAmos Njoro, ongomunye wabahlanganisi wephrogramu leGrain SA lokuthuthukisa abalimi abasakhulayo eNorth West



Isilokazane esiqopha izinkuni zommbila kuyisifo esitholakala njalo zonke izindawo lapho kutshalwa khona ummbila eAfrika – lesi sifo sitholakala eAfrka kuphela nezinye izinhlobo zaso ziphila etshaneni obumila lapha. 



Ngokwejwayelekile singasho ukuthi lesi silokazane sidala ingozi elingana ne-10% lomvuno lommbila njalo ngonyaka – kodwa singalimaza wonke umvuno. Amalava adla amakhasi, izinkuni nezimbali zommbila.


Ukundiza kwamabhu

Ulwazi maqondana nempilo nendlela lesi silokazane siphila ngayo kuyadingeka uma sizama ukuqonda ukuthi sizosiphatha nokusibulala kanjani. Amalava akhulile aphila ezinhlangweni zommbila ezisalele emasimini ebusika. Emva kwalokhu kuvela amabhu (amavevane) akuqala azozalela amaqanda azochamsela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 noma 10.


Ilava elivelayo lizokudla amaviki ayisithupha bese liyashintsha libe isibungu ngaphakathi kwezinkuni zommbila. Emva kwamaviki amathathu kuvela amavevane amanye aphinde andize asakaze ingozi yonke indawo lapho ahlala khona. 


Izindlela zokusiphatha

Emnothweni kukhona inxenye yezindlela zokuphatha lesi silokazane. Lokhu kungaba ukusebenzisa amakhemikheli, izinhlobo zezitshalo, izindlela zokwemvelo nokusibulala ngezinye izilokazane. Lokhu akungeke kuqinise ukuthi uzosibulala siphele nya kodwa kuzosiza ukuphatha isifo singandi futhi kutholakale umvuno omuhle.

 
Ukuphatha ngamakhemikheli

Amakhemikheli zokuphatha isilokazane esiqopha izinkuni zommbila zirejestiwe ukuba umuthi obulala ngokuthintana nawo noma umuthi obulala lapho udliwa yisilokazane. 

Kukhona abantu abacabanga ukuthi umuthi obiza imali eningi ungcono, kodwa kukhona umuthi omunye ongaduli kakhulu osebenza kahle. Uma kuthiwa ukuthi ukuphatha lesi silokazane ngomuthi ongasibulala esikhathini eslingana namaviki ayisithupha kungasoleka. Ngenxa yezindleko zamakhemikheli abalimi bafanele baqinise ukuthi bathele umuthi ngesikhathi esifanelekile. Ukufafaza umuthi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kukhombisile ukuthi akusebenzi kahle. Ukuphatha isifo ngamakhemikheli kufanele kwenzeke kuphela lapho kubonakala ukuthi i-10% lezitshalo zikhombisa ukuthi kukhona ingozi ngoba amalava aqala ukudla amakhasi.


Ukubheka ingozi engu-10% kungaba isikhombiso sokuthela umuthi ngesikhathi esifanelekile. Mhlawumbe ukufafaza kanye akungeke kwanele ngoba isilokazane singaphinda sivele emva kwesikhathi. Ngonyaka ofana nalo, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlole kahle ukuthi awekho amalava ngesikhathi ummbila uqala ukumila ishoba. Lapho amalava amancane angabulawa masinya ngaphambi kokudala ingozi enkulu ekumileni kwesikhwebu. Ubozama ukubulala lawo malavi ngaphambi kokumila kwesikhwebu esilingana ne-50%.


Ummbila obizwa ngokuthi iBt-maize

Isingeniso sezinhlobo zeBt-maize sehlise ingozi yezifo zezilokazane ngoba azivameki ukudliwa yisilokazane esiqopha izinkuni zommbila. Lokhu kwenze ukuthi amakhemikheli awasadingeki kakhulu ngoba kukhona ijini (gene) elibulala amalavi alesi silokazane.


Nokho, zonke izinhlobo zommbila zeBt-maize azifani ukulwa nesilokazane esiqopha izinkuni zommbila – ngakho-ke kufanele abalimi bakhethe kahle ukuthi bazotshala isitshalo esinjani ngonyaka ozayo nangaphambili futhi. 



Abakhiqizi (abalimi) bafanele bazi ukuthi kukhona izinsuku eziyishumi lapho amalava esilokazane akwazi ukudla isikhwhebu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umuthi uhlangana namanzi ekhona esilevweni sesikhwebu bese amalavu esilokazane athola ithuba lokuphila futhi. Ingozi edalwa yilezi zilokazane izobonakala ngesikhathi kuvunwa, kodwa akungeke kube ingozi enkulu. Lawa malavu azala izimvevane azondiza ngonyaka omusha. Lapho kukhethwa ukuthela umuthi noma ukutshala iBt-maize kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi nguyiphi into enezindleko ezinkulu ngoba iBt-maize iyadula.


Izindlela zokwemvelo nokusibulala ngezinye izilokazane

Ukulima ebusika kungasiza ngoba izilokazane ezisale ezinhlangeni zommbila ensimini zizobulawa zingaphindi zivele ngonyaka ozayo. Futhi amakhaza asebusika azobulala ezinye. Lapho kulinywa ebusika kungenza ukuthi amalava angeniswe ngaphakathi emhlabathini bese izimvevane zizohluleka ukuphuma nokundiza ngonyaka omusha.


Kukhona amapharasiti amanye avama ukudla amaqanda namalava ezilokazane, kodwa awasizi kakhulu ukwehlisa ingozi edaliwayo. Abanye abalimi abangatshali amasimu amaningi bangazama ukutshala utshani obizwa ngokuthi iNapier – izilokazane bese zingena etshaneni zishiye ummbila. Kodwa nabanye abalimi abakhulu bangazama ukutshala lobu tshani ngoba kungukudla okuhle kwezimfuyo. Izindlela zokwemvelo nokusibulala ngezinye izilokazane akusebenzi kahle – kungcono ukuzama amakhemikheli noma ukutshala iBt-maize.


Ukuhlayiza
Bonke abalimi bommbila bazi kahle ukuthi isilokazane esiqopha izinkuni zommbila sidala ingozi enkulu. Kufanele siphathwe kahle nangendlela efanelekile. 







