zulu.2203.microlending
Sekuphele iminyaka engu-15 kwashintshwa umthetho owenza ukuba omashonisa babe semthethweni – kodwa baningi abantu ababashiye bekhala. Yenza u-2007 kube ngunyaka wokubuyisa isithunzi sakho
KUSUKELA ngo1992 emva kokuba omashonisa beqale ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni, balinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni abaseSouth Africa asebevele ezinkantolo ngenxa yokungazikhokheli izikweleti konakala amagama abo nempilo yabo.
Ibalelwa ku-R30 billion ngonyaka imali engeniswa yibhizinisi lomashonisa eSouth Africa – kanti “ukuxhashazwa kwabantu abampofu ngalolu hlobo kucekela phansi izimpilo zabaningi,” kusho uBlade Nzimande ongusihlalo weFinancial Sector Campaign Coalition.
Bekungafanele kwenzeke lokho. Ngeminyaka yo1980 uProfessor Mohammed Yunus wayengomunye wongoti ababekhuthaza ukubolekisa ngemali ePakistan. Imizamo yakhe yokuphucula abampofu ngokubaboleka imali ekahle kungekho namaphepha asayinwayo yamenza wawina iNobel Peace Prize ka2006.
Ngabe elaseSouth Africa lakwazi kanjani ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufanayo lagcina selinababolekisa ngemali abakhokhisa abantu inzalo ka-30 percent ngenyanga? Lokho kushiye abantu abahola imali elinganiselwa ku-R2 000 no-4 000 ngenyanga bempofu kakhulu ngokukaSharda Naidoo ongumeluleki kwezokuthuthukisa eGoli.
Eminyakeni engu-80 edlule kwethulwa uhlelo lwenzalo olubizwa nge-usury rate ngenhloso yokugwema ukuxhashazwa kwabantu yilabo ababolekisa ngemali ababiza inzalo enkulu. Kodwa lokho akubasizanga ngalutho abaseSouth Africa abahluphekayo.
Babengavunyelwe nhlobo ukuboleka imali kanti lokho kwakwenza bagcine sebeboleka imali komashonisa ababebakhokhisa inzalo enkulu.
Ngo1992, emva kokuba uhulumeni ebone indlela omashonisa ababewusizo ngayo ekuphuculeni umnotho wamazwe ampofu e-Asia naseLatin America, wavuma ukukhipha ababolekisa ngemali engaphansi kuka-R6 000 kwi-Usury Act. Kodwa abantu abanikwanga incazelo egcwele ngalokhu – nakhu okufanele ukwazi ukuze u-2007 ukuphathe kahle ngasezimalini…
1: Iningi lababoleka imali eSA alazi ukuthi lingavikelwa kanjani
“Phezu kokuba i-Usury Act isinesikhathi ikhona akukho mizamo esike yenziwa ukuze abantu baseSouth Africa bafundiswe ngayo,” kusho uNceba Mafongosi weBlack Sash. “Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ingolunye uhlobo lwenzalo hhayi into okufanele bayiqaphele.”
Ekuqaleni, inzalo yemali-mboleko yayiphindaphindeke ka-10 kuleyo amabhange ayeyiboleka amakhasimende awo amakhulu. Kodwa nalokho akuzange kubagculise ababolekisa ngemali. Ngo1999 izinkantolo zakuvala ukukhokhwa kwaleyo nzalo.
Emva kwalokho amabhange nomashonisa bazama ukuzenzela imali ethe xaxa. Abantu okwakunesikhathi bengakwazi ukuboleka imali bathola ithuba lokuyiboleka kanti abanye babezithola bekhokha inzalo ka-60 percent ngonyaka emalini yeminyaka emithathu kuye ku-1 000 percent emalini ebolekwe isonto elilodwa kuphela. Le ndlela yenziwe yahlonipheka eSA kanti yiReserve Bank emisele ukusebenza kwe “usury rate” elawula ukubolekwa kwemali efinyelela ku-400 billion ngonyaka.
Ngesikhathi sibhala lolu daba umthetho bewuthi uma uboleke imali engaphansi kuka-10 000 akufanele ukhokhe inzalo engaphezulu kuka-20 percent ngonyaka. Imali engaphezulu kuka-R10 000 akufanele ibe nenzalo engaphezulu kuka-17 percent ngonyaka. Kodwa kukhona inkinga ekhona…
2: Iningi lababolekisa ngemali eSA alilawulwa yi-usury rate
Abantu abayinkinga enkulu kuleli bhizinisi omashonisa “abakhohlakele”.
Imbangela yalokho wukuthi u-80 percent womashonisa ubukeka uphephile usemthethweni ebantwini abaningi ngoba imali ibanjwa ebhange. Lokhu kusazosihlupha kakhulu njengoba iNational Credit Act izoqala ukusebenza ngoJune.
Enye indlela yokuboleka imali yenziwa abantu abathenga izimpahla ngesikweleti nangamakhadi kanti nalokho kubonakala kuphephile. Kodwa uma usubhekisisa kahle uthola ukuthi nalendlela yokuboleka abantu yenziwa omashonisa kanti kule ndlela awuvikelwa yi-Usury Act.
Imbangela yalokho wukuthi omashonisa, amabhange anomashonisa nezinye izindawo ezibolekisa ngemali bacelwa ukuba babhalise kwiMicro Finance Regulatory Council (manje osekuyiNational Credit Regulator) bavuma ukuthi bazosebenza ngaphansi komthetho othi akufanele bathathe ikhadi lakho lasebhange nenombolo yakho eyimfihlo uma uboleka imali. Ngenxa yalokho bakhululwa ukuba bangayithobeli imithetho ye-usury rate bakhokhise abantu leyo nzalo ethandwa yibona!
UThemba Godi wePAC wafanisa lesi simo “nesizinda sezigcwelegcwele.”
3: Izinhlelo zokukuvikela azisebenzi
Omashonisa abalawulwa yi-usury rate yilabo abangabhalisiwe. Bangahlawuliswa uma bebiza inzalo engaphezulu kwemisiwe – kodwa lokho akukenzeki ngoba iMFRC ayinabo abasebenzi abangabahlawulisa.
“UMnyango wezoHwebo nezeziMboni wanikwa amandla yi-Usury Act,” kusho uNzimande. “Kodwa awuyisebenzisi ngenxa yokungabi khona kwabahloli abazobathathela izinyathelo omashonisa abangayigcini imithetho.”
AbaseSouth Africa abangu-18 million basakhokha inzalo engaphezulu kuka-360 percent, nokuyinto eyafakazelwa ngu-Astrid Ludin oyisekela likamqondisi jikelele kwiDTI ezingxoxweni zasephalamende zeNational Credit Bill. Imbangela yalokho…
4: Iningi lababoleka imali eSA alazi ukuthi likhokha inzalo engakanani
Lokho kwenza kube lula ukuba baxhashazwe omashonisa
abayizigcwelegcwele. Ake sithi uboleka imali engango-R500 inyanga eyodwa kumashonisa bese ethi uzokhokha inzalo engu-15 percent.
Ngeke uyibone inkinga kuleyo nzalo ngoba umngani wakho yena kudingeke ukuba akhokhe eka-30 percent. Kodwa into umashonisa angakutshelanga yona – nawe ongayibuzanga – wukuthi lowo 15 percent owesikhathi esingakanani.
Amabhange inzalo yawo ayibala ngonyaka – kodwa umashonisa ukutshela eyenzalo yenyanga ngamabomu.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi leyo nzalo iyimalini ngonyaka, kufanele uyiphindaphinde ka-12 – okusho ukuthi inzalo yakho yonyaka ingu- 180 percent. Umngani wakho-ke yena uzokhokha inzalo ka-360 percent!
Uma lokhu ukubona kuyindlela oluthwa ngayo, uhulumeni akajahile ukukusiza ngoba…
5: Uhulumeni okwenza ube mpofu
Emva kokhetho luka1994, uNgqongqoshe wezoHwebo nezeziMboni wathi uzokuqeda ukuxhashazwa kwabampofu ngokuba omashonisa bamiselwe inzalo abazoyifuna kwababoleka imali. Kodwa lokho akwenzekanga.
Abantu abavikela i-usury rate, abanjengoLeon Louw weFree Market Foundation, bathi isiza abampofu abazokwazi ukuboleka imali. Abayigxekayo abanjengeFinancial Sector Campaign Coalition neBlack Sash, bathi igunyaza ukuxhashazwa kwabantu imihla ngemihla.
Ngaphansi komthetho omusha, i-usury rate izohlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu. Kodwa iNational Credit Regulator, uGabriel Davel unethemba lokuthi inqubo entsha izosebenza njenge-usury rate kwamanye amazwe anjenge-Australia.
“Kuwona inzalo yomashonisa ingaphansi kwengxenye ye-usury rate ngenxa yokuncintisana okukule mboni,” kuchaza yena.
Kodwa abayigxekayo abanjengoCollette Caine, ongumdidiyeli weFinancial Sector Campaign Coalition, banovalo lokuthi umlando wale lizwe uzokwenza ukuba omashonisa bakhokhise inzalo encike kwi-usury rate ngoba befuna ukuzakhela inzunzo kule mboni engenisa u-R30 billion ngonyaka.
Ngisho noma kungenzekani, kuzodingeka ukuba sicabange kahle ngaphambi kokuboleka imali ngoba…
6: Uwena okufanele uzigade
“Omashonisa bathi ukunqunyelwa imali yenzalo kuzoshabalalisa ibhizinisi labo kanti abanye bangasebenza ngomshoshaphansi,” kuxwayisa uMafongosi weBlack Sash.
Ababolekisa ngemali basazozama ukuheha abantu ukuba baboleke imali ngaphansi kwemithetho emidala nokuyinto eyophela uma sekusebenza iNational Credit Act. Qiniseka ukuthi uzoyikhokha imali oyikweletayo.
Bheka umashonisa onenzalo ephansi ngokukaManie van Schalkwyk oyiCredit Information Ombud. AbaseSouth Africa abane kwabahlanu abanegama elihle ezikweletini ngokusho kwakhe, okusho ukuthi lokhu kwenze kukusebenzele.
“Awunasigqi umbono wokuthi abampofu ngeke ubathembe uma kukhulunywa ngokubolekwa kwemali,” kusho uNzimande. “Kufanele kwenziwe izinguquko kwezezimali ukuze kufezwe izidingo zabo kungasizakali iqeqebana labadla izambane likapondo kuphela.
“Abantu baseSouth Africa mabasizwe ngemali bakhokhe inzalo abanamandla okuyikhokha – lokho kuzosiza izwe namabhizinisi.” [z]
BONA ZULU – January 2007
Abathengi abazicabangelayo babuza imibuzo uma bethenga ngesikweleti – kodwa bambalwa abanolwazi lokuthi i-usury rate idala umonakalo ongakanani.
Uphenyo lukaBONA
Okwenza uhulumeni afune uhlale uhlupheka
BONA ZULU – January 2007
u
indaba nguPATRICIA McCRACKEN
izithombe nguVAL ADAMSON
(ezithombeni kulingisiwe)
5 izindlela zokuphuma ezikweletini ngo2007
1. Bheka umashonisa onenzalo ekahle – lokho kuzozisa wena kanti kungakhuthaza nabo ukuba bancintisane.
2. Bheka ukuthi ungaboleka malini kwi-credit-card yakho ngoba kuyona ukhokha inzalo encane. Kwamanye amabhange kudingeka ukuba uhole
u-R1 000 ngenyanga ukuze uthole i-credit card. Kodwa kufanele uboleke imali encane.
3. Buza umehluko phakathi kwenzalo yenyanga neyonyaka ukuze ube nesiqiniseko sokuthi uzokhokha malini. Phatha
i-calculator ukuze ubale kahle.
4. Bhajetha ngaphambi kokuboleka imali.
5. Cela usizo uma unenkinga yezikweleti kwiBlack Sash eCape Town, eThekwini, eGoli, ePort Elizabeth, eKnysna, eGrahamstown nasePietermaritzburg; esikhungweni sezokululeka esiseduze nawe; inombolo yeNCR yamahhala ithi 0860-100-406.
t
Qiniseka ukuthi uzokwazi ukukhokha isikweleti semali oyibolekayo.
BONA ZULU – January 2007
NGENHLA: “Sekuyisizinda sezigcwelegcwele lesi ngoba umuntu ugcina esekhokha inzalo engaphezulu kwaleyo abezoyikhokha kumashonisa.
