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Isimanga sezokwelapha
IGAMA elithi 'uchoko' lethusa ulizwa. Ngisho nanamuhla esikhathini se-AIDS esiphila kuso kodwa lesi sifo esikhona naseBhayibhelini sisafaka okukhulu ukwesaba ngoba kwaziwa ukuthi uma uphethwe yisona umzimba uyabola iminwe ixebuke.
Ngezikhathi zasemandulo, ababephethwe wuchoko, kwakuthi lapho behamba khona, abanye abantu bakugweme ukuba nabo banyathele lapho. Ngezinye izikhathi babefihlwa endaweni ekude kunezinye izakhiwo - neRobben Island yake yasetshenziselwa lokhu.
"Abantu izifo ezifana nomdlavuza nezinye abazesabi njengoba besaba isifo sochoko," kusho omunye owaphunyuka kulesi sifo.
Enye inkinga ngalesi sifo wukuthi esibaphethe kufanele babhekane nengcindezi yalabo abaseduze kwabo - ngisho ngabe sebelaphekile.
"Abantu basithatha njengabantu abayingozi empilweni yomphakathi," kusho u-Isaiah Ojeabulu, wenhlangano yaseNigeria emele amalungelo abantu abaphethwe wuchoko iHuman Rights Association Of Persons Affected By Leprosy.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abaningi abaphethwe wuchoko sebebalekile eNigeria baya emahlathini, ngokwemibiko ye-Inter Press Service. No-Ojeabulu ngokwakhe uhlala ehlathini lase-Abo nabanye abangu-70 abasinda kulesi sifo.
Njengoba abaningi kulabo ababephethwe yilesi sifo bashada nabanye nabo ababephethwe yiso ngesikhathi bezothola usizo lokwelashwa, ihlathi lase-Abo seliyikhaya "ezinganeni zakuleli hlathi" ezingu-25.
Abanye ababeyiziguli nabemindeni yabo bachitha ubusuku belele phansi ematshalini enhlabathini. "Siphuza amanzi angcolile asemfuleni oseduze. Ayikho into esingayenza," kusho u-Ojeabulu.
Basengcupheni yokungenwa yi-malaria nokushaywa yizinyoka. "Ngangigula ngizwa ukuthi sengiyafa, kwangena inyoka ngaphakathi endlini. Angikwazanga ukuphuma ngibaleke ngoba ngase ngigula kakhulu," kusho kukhumbula uRoseline Osigbe.
Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni kumanje kunabantu abangaphansi kuka-5 350 ababhaliswe njengabaphethwe wuchoko eNigeria. Lesi sibalo sehlile sisuka ku-250 000 ngo-1989 nangokosizo lwemikhankaso yezinhlelo ze-World Health Organisation ezethulwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1990.
Ngeminyaka yo-1980 isidakamizwa i-dapsone sasetshenziswa okokuqala ukwelapha uchoko kanti lesi sifo njengamanje sesilapheka esikhathini seminyaka emibili.
Le ndlela kubukeka izokuba nenkulu impumelelo kwezokwelapha. Isibalo sabaphethwe yilesi sifo emhlabeni sehla sisuka ku-5,2 million ngo-1985 saze safinyelela ku-286 000 ekupheleni kuka-2004.
Abacwaningi baxwayisa ngokunganeliseki njengoba bethi kuningi okusafanele kwenziwe...
LESI sifo esibuye saziwe ngokuthi yi-Hansen's Disease, sincike kakhulu esifweni sofuba (TB) kanti sona siba sesikhumbeni, emithanjeni, ezingalweni nasezinyaweni kanjalo nasemehlweni siwakhubaze angaboni.
Ukulimala kwemithambo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni izingalo nemilenze - kodwa uchoko ngeke lwenze ukuba kuphume iminwe nezinzwane njengoba abaningi bekholwa yilokho.
Abantu abaphethwe wuchoko bangaphila baze babe badala.
"Lesi yisifo sendlala edalwa wukungabikho kwenhlanzeko nokungabikho kokudla okunomsoco," kusho uDkt Rasvan Vasiliu ongumqondisi wesibhedlela iTichilesti e-Europe nokuyisikhungo sabaphethwe wuchoko.
"Emndenini onezingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa, lesi sifo sitholwa wumntwana onamasosha omzimba angaqinile."
Umsuka wegama lesiHebheru elisetshenziswe encwadini kaLeviticus nakwezinye izincwadi ngelithi "tzaraath." Izimpawu ziyefana kodwa lezi zifo zehlukile.
Abantu bezikhathi zeThestamente eliDala babekholwa wukuthi i-tzaraath umuntu yayimphatha ngenxa yesijeziso sezono nokuphinga.
Ngokwemibiko yabe-WHO, eminye yemizamo yokugwema ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo wukuba izimpawu zokuqala zisheshe zelashwe.
ABE-United Nations bazimisele ngokusishanela basiqede lesi sifo noma kuze kube ngoyedwa onaso kwabangu-10 000.
E-Angola, Brazil, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, India, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal naseTanzania bakwazi ukumelana namaphesenti angu-90 abantu abaphethwe wuchoko kanti angu-70 akwelaseNdiya.
Lokhu kukhomba ukukhula kwesibalo minyaka yonke kulawa mazwe.
Amanye amazwe anenkinga yokungabikho kwesimo sokuthula noma sokuzinza ngakwezombusazwe kanjalo nohlelo lwempilo engeyinhle. Ngaphezu kwemizamo yabe-WHO yokunqoba lesi sifo sochoko, kodwa sibukeka siseyinkinga enkulu.
Umyeni kaBlessing Egbo uLucky wathola isifo sochoko emva kokushada kwabo, kodwa uBlessing wakhetha ukuba amlandele ayohlala naye ehlathini i-Abo nakuba yena (owesimame) wayengenaso lesi sifo nokuyinto eyamangaza abangani bakhe nabomndeni.
Lezi zithandani kumanje zinezingane ezimbili - kubandakanya uKeseli onezinyanga eziyisithupha nokunguyena omncane kunabo bonke laba bantu abahlala ehlathini.
"Umndeni wami awuthokozile njengoba ngihlala nomyeni wami ehlathini, kodwa angifuni ukumshiya," kusho u-Egbo.
"Abantu bayasihleka kodwa asinandaba."[z]
BONA ZULU - March 2007
NGENHLA: Abasinda esifweni sochoko babhekana nengcindezi yokubandlululwa wumphakathi ngenxa yezibazi nokushintsha kokuma komzimba.
KWESOKUDLA: Namuhla isifo sochoko selapheka kalula. Lokhu kwakungesilo iqiniso eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule njengoba lesi sithombe sikhombisa.
Sekube nenkulu intuthuko ekwelapheni lesi sifo esiyingozi kodwa izinkoleloze ngaso zenza esibaphethe babhekane nengcindezi enkulu...
Asikho isidingo sokuhlupheka
indaba ngu-ISAAC KWELA
Uchoko luhlasela kakhulu isikhumba nezingalo nemilenze - hhayi izitho zomzimba ezibucayi, kanti abaphethwe yilesi sifo bangaphila isikhathi eside baze babe badala.
BONA ZULU - March 2007 89
Indawo elibalekile
Ngokomlando, abantu ababephethwe wuchoko babedingiswa njengoba nase-Europe eRomania kusekhona indawo emele lowo msebenzi okuyiTichilesti.
Kusukela ngo-1991 abantu bakule ndawo babekhululekile ukuba bahambe ngokuthanda bayishiye le ndawo, kodwa abanye emva kokuhlala isikhathi eside, abasazimisele ngokuhamba kuyona.
Abanye babo ngabantu abadala abakudinga ngempela ukunakekelwa. Usizo lwemithi ebulala amagciwane lufika emva kwesikhathi eside kubona. Kukhona "neziguli" ezimbili zeminyaka eko-30 ezazalwa eTichilesti ngabazali abanochoko.
U-Eufimia Hima Dumitru (73) wafika kule ndawo eseyingane ngonyaka ka-1946.
"Ngihlale ngimkhumbula lowo dokotela owangibuka kanye, wase evele ebhala okuthile ephepheni wanginika ngemvilophi inekheli lendawo i-Tichilesti," kusho kukhumbula yena.
"Ngangingenalwazi lokuthi ngeke ngiphinde ngibuyele ekhaya.
"Amaphilisi ayemabi kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku, kodwa ngaqhubeka ngawaphuza ngoba ngangifuna ukuphila ngibuyele ekhaya nokuyilapho ngangihlalelwe wumsebenzi wokunakekela abafowethu abayisishiyagalombili.
"Kwathatha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ngitshelwe ukuthi ngeke ngihambe."
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Izifo ezixakayo
Esinye sezifo ezixakayo kwelase-Afrika yileso sezingane esigcina ngokuba zizenze "zingaboni" emehlweni.
Lesi sifo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-onchocerciasis, sidalwa yizikelemu ezincane ezakheka ziphindaphindeke iminyaka ngeminyaka ngaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu. Emva kwesikhathi zikhuphukela emehlweni ziwenze angaboni.
Lesi sifo sikungena ikakhulu ngokutinyelwa izimpukane ezimnyama ezitholakala emanzini ahambayo. Kwezinye izindawo uthola ukuthi wonke umuntu unaso lesi sifo - kuthi lapho sebebadala uthole ukuthi abasaboni.
Ezinye izifo ezisabisayo...
Lymphatic filariasis: Idalwa yizikelemu ezikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka emzimbeni womuntu kuze kudaleke i-elephantiasis. Lesi sifo kuvame ukuba sikungene ngokulunywa umiyane.
Schistosomiasis: Lesi sifo sibuye saziwe ngokuthi yi-bilharzia, sidalwa yi-flatworm ephila kuma-freshwater snails ngaphambi kokuba iphumele emanzini. Uma ingena kuwena, ihamba ngesikhumba sakho ingene egazini. Lapha ifike izalele amaqanda adala ukushisa enkabeni, iholele ezifweni zesibindi neshubhu lomchamo.
Trypanosomiasis: Lesi sifo siphinde saziwe ngokuthi yi"sleeping sickness," esidalwa yigciwane elidalwa wukulunywa yi-tsetse fly. Kuthi ekugcineni leli gciwane lingene emqondweni lidale i-somnolence, ubekwi-coma noma ufe.
Buruli ulcer: Lesi sifo sisondele kakhulu kwiHansen's Disease "nokungesesithathu esijwayelekile kubantu kulandela isifo sofuba nochoko", ngokusho kukadokotela onguchwepheshe wokulawula uchoko uJose Terencio De Las Aguas.
Sisabalele cishe emazweni angu-32 naseWest Africa.
Okwethusayo wukuthi yisifo esibhebhetheka ngokumangalisayo kangangoba kunokwesabela ukuthi abavakashi bangasisabalalisa nakwamanye amazwe ngokusho kukaDkt De las Aguas.
I-Buruli Ulcer iphatha abantu abancane beminyaka engaphansi kwengu-15, imvama abahlala emaphandleni ezindaweni eziseduze kwemifula noma ezindaweni ezimanzi. Iqhubu emzimbeni lingaphenduka libe yizilonda ezizogcwala umzimba wonke kuze kwedlulele ekutheni lowo muntu anqunywe izingalo noma imilenze. Alikho ikhambi uma lingelashwanga iqhubu ngokushesha.
90 BONA ZULU - March 2007
Isifo sobuphofu esidalwa
wukungabikho kwenhlanzeko
nokungadli kahle
Ukulimala kwemisipha kungaholela ekulahlekelweni yizingalo nemilenze - kodwa isifo sochoko ngeke sidale ukuba kuphume iminwe nezinzwane njengoba abanye becabanga.
