Problems (Maize) 								Zulu 

Ziyini izinkinga abalimi abasakhulayo babhekene nazo? 

 Instructions:

Folio strap: Izithiyo ekulimeni 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA lokuThuthukisa Abalimi 

Photos: 

 

Kubalulekile kakhulu emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ukudla okuzinhlamvu ukuthola ukuthi ziyini izizathu ezivimba abalimi abasakhulayo baqhubeke babe abalimi bezomnotho. 



Izindaba ezihambelana nomhlaba nomhlabathi

Iphrogramu lokuguqula umhlaba elingeniswe Umnyango Wezomhlaba beliyinkathazo kakhulu kubaningi abantu – ngokuvamekile lowo msebenzi uqhubeka kancane, uthatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke abalimi abasakhulayo balahlekelwa amathuba amaningi okuya phambili futhi abalimi abamhlophe nabo bakhathazekile bese bathengisela amapulazi abo kubanye abakhelwane abamhlophe ngoba Umyango Wezomhlaba uyehluleka ukuvumelana ngentengo nangentengiso. 

Lapha eNingizimu Afrika kukhona izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuba umnini womhlaba – lokhu kusuka kuba umnini qobo wepulazi, kuya kuqasha indawo yomunye umuntu kuya kumhlaba osetshenziswa ngumuzi wonke – lapha akukho izivumelwano zezomthetho ezibopha abanikazi (“kuvunyelwe”-nje ukuthi abantu bangahlala khona). Umhlaba onomnini qobo ungasetshenziswa ukuboleka imali, kodwa umhlaba osetshenziswa ngumuzi wonke awukwazi ukuba isibambiso sokuthola imali. Ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa umhlaba ngumuzi wonke, kuvamekile ukuthi umndeni othile unendawo ethile (lokhu kuyahluka kumaphrovinsi), bese kudingeka ukuthi umkhiqizi (umlimi) ofisa ukwandisa umsebenzi wakhe wokulima, efanele ahlangane nabanye abantu balowo muzi ukuthola imvume yokulima endaweni yabo. Asikho isibopho esinikeza isibambiso sokulima leyo ndawo etholakale kanje nakusasa. 

Ukulungisa isimo sepH lomhlabathi nenani lamafosfati elingaphansi kuyinto ebiza imali eningi – kudingeka amasabsidi ngoba abalimi abasakhulayo abanekhono lokukhokhela lezi zindleko. 

Kakhulukazi umhlaba okhona ongasetshenziswa ngabalimi abasakhulayo awukalondolozwa kahle, amasimu awanamakontula futhi azikho izindawo ezinotshani lapho amanzi angageleza khona. Nokho Umnyango Wezokulima unalo igatsha lokuPhepa Umhlaba, imali abanayo incane kakhulu ukwenza lo msebenzi omkhulu odingekayo. 

ENingizimu Afrika, umhlaba ongalinywa awunonile, awukwazi ukutshala khona bese ufuna umvuno omuhle. Kodwa ukushintsha umhlaba olinywayo ube isidleko semfuyo kuyinto ethatha isikhathi eside futhi kudulile. Abaningi abalimi abasakhulayo abanalo ikhono lokushintsha bese bayaqhubeka ukulima amasimu angenawo amandla ukukhiqiza ngokwanele, abanye bayawayeka-nje lawo masimu, abasalimi. Konke lokhu akusiyo into elungileyo. 

Ukwakha uthango/ucingo noma intendemuzi kuyinkinga kubaningi abalimi, kakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa umhlaba ngumuzi wonke ngoba ucingo luyantshontshwa bese izimpahla (izinkomo nezimvu) zihamba emasimini ngokuthanda kwazo. 

 

Ogandaganda nemishini

Kukhona abaningi abalimi abasakhulayo abanentuba yokuthola umhlaba (noma ngayiphi indlela echazwe ngaphezulu), kodwa abanayo imishini edingekayo ukulima lowo mhlaba. Imishini emisha idula kakhulu, abalimi abasakhulayo bayahluleka ukufikela khona, futhi awekho amabhange amaningi nabanye abantu abafuna ukubolekisa imali yokuthenga imishini engu “second hand”. 

Lapho kukhona imishini engasetshenziswa leyo mishini ayiphili kahle. Okulandelayo yizizathu zalokhu: 

Ngoba inzuzo ekukhiqizweni kokudla okuzinhlamvu yehlile, iphansi, abalimi abakwazi ukuphatha nokulungisa imishini ngendlela efanelekile; 

Ngokujwayelekile abaningi abalimi abanolwazi ukulungisa imishini;

Kaningi isivumelwano sokuthenga umhlaba maqondana nesimo sokuguquka ubunini bomhlaba sithi umthengi ufanele ethathe lonke ipulazi nemishini (going concern), bese umthengi uthola imishini emidala ephukile. Kanjalo-ke umlimi akaqali ukulima ngendlela efanelekile;  

Inhlangano yabalimi inikezwa imishini kodwa akukho namunye ozibopha ukuyibheka nokuyilungisa leyo mishini. 

 

Isikwenetu sokukhiqiza

Abaningi abalimi abasakhulayo banenkinga ukuthola isikwenetu sokuqhubeka ngokulima – izizathu zalokhu ziyalandela:

Ngeminyaka edlule inzuzo etholakala ekulimeni, kakhulukazi ukukhiqiza ukudla okuzinhlamvu, beyicindezekile. Ngonyaka odlule bekusahamba kahle ngoba izitshalo zitshalwe ngemali yokuqala yonyaka odlule, umkhiqizo uthengiswe ngentengiso yonyaka omusha, futhi ezindaweni eziningi izulu belina ngaphezu ngokujwayelekile. Kukhona nje abalimi abancinci abazokwazi ukutshala futhi ngaphandle kokuthola isikwenetu. Lapho inani lenzuzo liyehla, izintela zemali ebolekiwe ziyakhuphuka futhi kukhona izingozi ezingavela ekutshalweni kokudla okuzinhlamvu, akusasizi ukuboleka yonke leyo mali endingekayo ukungenisa izimbewu emhlabathini. 

Eziningi izinhlangano eziboleka imali (amabhange) zidinga ‘ibondi’ lomhlaba othile ukubopha isikwenetu. Abalimi abaqasha amasimu, noma abalima emhlabaneni womuzi wonke, abakwazi ukunikeza leso siqiniso sokubopha isikwenetu bese izinhlangano ziyala ukuvumela isicelo sabo. 

Eziningi izinhlangano eziboleka imali zidinga inshuwalense yaleyo mali ezosetshenziswa ukuqala ukulima (input). Kodwa inshuwalense yokuqala (lapho ivunyelwa) iqala ukusebenza kuphela lapho izitshalo seziqala ukumila. Ngaleso sikhathi umlimi usukhokhele zonke izindleko. Ezinye izinhlangano ziyala ukunikeza isikwenetu ngaphambi kwemvume yenshuwalense. Manje uzokwenzani? Umlilo ukushisa ngapha nangapha – ayikho indlela yokuphumelela. Okunye okyinkinga yilokhu: inshuwalense izibophe ukukhokha 65% lezindleko kuphela –ngubani ozokhokha izindleko ezisele? 

Ngobudabukelwa kufanele sithi bekukhona abalimi abasakhulayo abazange bakhokhele isikwenetu sabo, ngakho-ke labo abanikeza isikwenetu abasatsheleki imali kalula. 

Ukulima kunzima kakhulu, futhi uma ungenalo ulwazi nobungcweti, uzozifaka engozini. Lapho inani lenzuzo lincane, awukwazi ukwenza amaphutha. Ngakho-ke abalimi abasakhulayo abasafunda umsebenzi wokulima abatholi kalula isikwenetu ngoba izinhlangano ezinikeza isikwenetu azibathembi, ziyabasola. 

Ukusekela nokunikeza ulwazi – imisebenzi ekhona ukuqobelelana nolwazi

Abalimi abasakhulayo “bangabafundi”, badinga ukusekelwa, badinga ukuqeqeshwa, badinga ukufundiswa ngumuntu onolwazi. Kukhona eziningi izinkinga ezihambelana nokunikeza ukusekela kubalimi abasakhulayo: 

Abantu abasebenza eMnyangweni Wezokulima naseMnyangweni Wezomhlaba kaningi abanalo lwazi lokunikeza ukusekela okudingekayo. Abaningi abazi lutho ngomsebenzi wokulima, abanobungcweti, abaningi bayazama ngoba bafundile kodwa abazange “bafake igeja emhlabathini”. 

Ukukhulisa abantu kubiza imali futhi kuthatha isikhathi. Iminyango eminingi kagavumente inabantu abaningi abasebenza lapho futhi bayahola kodwa abanolwazi. Lapho abangaphandle njengamabhizinisi bafisa ukungena ukusekela, kufanele kubekhona indawo lapho imali evela khona – kodwa ekugcineni ngubani ozokhokhela lezi zindleko? 

Kaningi abalimi bahlezi endaweni lapho bengasazi ukuthi bafanele balandele muphi umlayezo – bazokholwa ukuthi isiphathimandla esiqobelelana nolwazi sikhuluma iqiniso? Noma isiphathimandla se’agribusiness’ esifuna ukukhulisa isikhwenetu sokukhiqiza? Noma inhlangano ebatshela ukuthi iyabasekela? Noma laba abazama ukubafundisa ukulima? (Ngokwalekwa, bonke laba abasho into efanayo). 

 Indlela yokulondeka ukwehlisa izingozi ezingenzeka 

Ukufunda ukulima kusho ukuthi ufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezingakulethela izinkinga eziningi – uma abantu bafuna ukuba abakhiqizi kuzokwenzeka ukuthi bazokwenza amaphutha. Kukhona isidingo esikhulu sokusekela labo abazamile kodwa bahlulekile. Ngokwamanje kukhona abanye abalimi abanehlanhla ukuthola imali ngenxa i’agribusiness’, ngakhoke-ke banethuba lokuthola isikwenetu kuMaize Trust ukuthenga umcoka, amafosfathi nenshuwalense yemali yokuqala ukulima (emasimini lapho kutshalwa khona ummbila). Kodwa kukhona abanye abalimi abakhetha ukungatshali ummbila ngoba abazange bathole imvume ukuthola isikwenetu ku-agribusiness, manje abanasisekelo sokubasiza ukuthenga umcoka, amafosfathi nenshuwalense. Kuzoba kuhle uma ugavumente ubona ukukhanya bese bazame ukusiza labo balimi ubanikeze indlela edingekayo yokuvikela izingozi ezingenzeka ekulimeni. 

