Sustainable (Maize) 								IsiZulu 

Ukulima nakusasa: kungani kuthathe isikhathi esingaka? 

Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukulima nakusasa 

Byline: UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi 



Thina sizama ukuthuthukisa abalimi abamnyama abanekhono ukuba abalimi bezomnotho abanekhono lokulima ngokwabo nakusasa. Ngoba isimo sezimali ngokwamanje emhlabeni sibi, lokhu kuzobanzima – nokho ungumuntu oyisikhuthalo. Uma ukulima eNingizimu Afrika kuzoqhubekela phambili, kufanele sithole ukuguquka jikelele emhlabeni ngezindaba zezokulima ukuze sizokwazi ukuxoxa ngamazwi ahlangene. 



Ekulimeni ayikho into elula, abalimi baphatha izinto eziningi futhi bayazibeka engozini ngesinye isikhathi. 

Intengiso yokudla okuzinhlamvu engaphansi yenza ukuthi abalimi bacindezekile ukuthola inzuzo ngomkhiqizo wabo. 

Inani lezintelo (interest rates) ziphakeme futhi izindleko zemishini ziyamangalisa. 

Abalimi bezomnotho abanobungcweti nabo banenkinga (bayasokola!) – singathini ngalabo abasakhulayo? Nabo banenkinga enkulu. 

Ugavumente ungasekela kanjani? 

Ngokwamanje ukukhiqiza ukudla okuzinhlamvu ukuthola inzuzo kunzima, abalimi abasakhulayo abangeke bakwazi ukuqhubeka ukulima nakusasa. Thina sikholwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoshintsha, intengiso yokudla isazokhuphuka futhi. Kodwa ngokwamanje sifanele sisekele abalimi ngezimali, njengegranti – ukusiza ngezindleko zokuqala ukutshala noma ukunikeza ibhonasi ngethani lokudla okukhiqiziwe. Isenzelelo salokhu sizokwenza ukuthi labo abasebenza ngokukhuthala bazothola ibhonasi – lokhu kuzosiza abalimi abanekhono ukuba abalimi bezomnotho.



Inkinga enye enkulu yilokhu: isimo semishini nogandaganda okusetshenziswa abalimi abasakhulayo – sidinga isisekelo semali sokusiza abalimi ukulungisa imishini yabo. Kukhona ingxenye yeminyango kagavumente enikeza ogandaganda nemishini kuziqumbi zabalimi. Lokhu kungasiza esikhathini esimfushane, kodwa kudingeka ukuthi labo balimi baqeqeshwe bafundiswe ukuphatha le mishini ngendlela efanelekile. Lapho imishini isetshenziswa yisiqumbi sabantu akekho oyedwa ozothi mina ngizozibheka lezi zinto – kaningi imishini ayinakwa, masinya nje ayisakwazi ukusebenza. Umsebenzi onje awungeke uqhubeke nakusasa. 



Iziphathimandla eziqobelelana nolwazi zifanele ziphinde ziqeqeshwe zisekelwe ukuqhubeka ngomsebenzi wabo ngendlela efanelekile – ziningi lezi ziphathimandla, zifanele zikwazi ukusiza abalimi emapulazini. 



Umsebenzi wema-agribhizinisi

Ingxenye yezinkinga abalimi abasakhulayo babhekene nazo ngukuthola imali yokuqala ukulima. Kukhona abaningi abanomhlaba nemishini (mhlawumbe eminye ayisaphili kahle), bayaqeqeshwa futhi bayasekelwa, kodwa badinga imali. Izindleko zokuqala ukulima ziyamangalisa – kudingeka R4 000 kuya ku-R5 000 ukutshala ihektheli elilodwa. Ekuqaleni sijabulile ukubona ukuthi ama-agribhizinisi asiza abalimi abasakhulayo ngemali ukuqala ukulima, namanje kusekhona amanye ama-agribhizinisi asasekela abalimi ukuba abalimi bezomnotho. 

 

Ngokucabanga kwethu, ama-agribhizinisi asasekela abalimi afanele enze okulandelayo:

Ahlangane nabalimi ngengxoxo yokwenza imvumelwano; 

Anikeze abalimi imininingwane edingekayo; 

Asekele abalimi ngezimali zokuqala ukulima ngentelo ephansi; 

Azame ukutholela abalimi abasakhulayo impahla yokuqala ukulima ngemali ephansi; 

Asekele abalimi ngokuqobelelana nolwazi – asebenzise iziphathimandla ezinobungcweti nolwazi olufanelekile; 

Asebenzane nezinhlangano eziqeqesha ezisekela abalimi; 

Asekele abalimi ukumaketha ukudla kwabo ngentengiso efanelekile; 

Asekele abalimi ukulungisa nokuphatha ugandaganda nemishini yabo. 

Kufanele abankontilaki ekulimeni basetshenziswe kanjani? 

Ingxenye yezindlela zokuqala ukulima umhlaba ngukusebenzisa abankontilaki abakhulu. Lokhu sekwenziwe kaningi, bese kuthiwa ukuthi umnkontilaki uzosetshenziswa ekuqaleni kuphela, ekugcineni umlimi uzozisebenzela. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ngoba: 

Umlimi kaningi akekho lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokulima; 

Umnkontilaki ujahe kakhulu ukuqeda umsebenzi bese asikho isikhathi sokufundisa umlimi; 

Umnkontilaki akanekhono nolwazi ukufundisa abanye; 

Umlimi akatholi inzuzo ekwanele ukuthenga ugandaganda nemishini. 

Okukhubezayo lapho kusetshenziswa umnkontilaki 

Izindleko zokukhiqiza ziyanda. 

Imali ekhokhwayo ukuthola umnkontilaki ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa nokubheka ogandaganda nemishini. 

Abalimi abasebenzani nomnkontilaki, ngakho-ke abafundi ukuzisebenzela. 

Isimo sezulu esomile ezindaweni eziningi lapha kithi senza ukuthi isikhathi sokulima, sokutshala, sokuvuna simfushane, kaningi umsebenzi awenzeki ngesikhathi esifanelekile bese umlimi ulahlekelwa umvuno wakhe (ukutshala nokufafaza umuthi emva kwesikhathi). 

Umnkontilaki uhola ngehektheli elilinywayo, akaholi maqondana nobuhle bomsebenzi wakhe – noma umlimi engatholi inzuzo, umnkontilaki uyalithola iholo lakhe. 

Kukhona abalimi abamnyama abanekhono ukulima futhi abanempahla. Laba balimi bafanele bakwazi ukuqasha amasimu abanye abanini bamapulazi abangafuni noma abangakwazi ukulima. Ngokwamanje amapulazi amaningi alinywa ama-agribhizinisi, ngakho-ke abanye abalimi abamnyama abanekhono abakwazi ukwandisa umsebenzi wabo wokulima. 

Lapho kukhona abalimi abangenayo imishini, kuthiwa ukuthi bazokwazi ukuthola inzuzo ekwanele ukuzithengela imishini. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki – inzuzo etholakalayo ekulimeni kokudla okuzinhlamvu incane kakhulu nabankontilaki nabo banciphisa inzuzo.

 

Thina sithini? 

Bonke abantu abasebenza ekulimeni bafanele basebenzane ukuthuthukisa abalimi. Abalimi bafuna ukuzisebenzela, abafuni ukulinyelwa ngabanye. 

Nikeza umlimi ithuba lokuqala ukulima ngalokhu okukhona – ukuqala ngezimpahla ezincinci endaweni encane akulethi ingozi enkulu. (Khumbula ukuthi umuntu ofuna ukulima endaweni yakhe usuphilile kuleyo ndawo ngokwamanje. Uma ekwazi ukuthola inzuzo encane nje ngaphezu kwaleyo ebephila ngayo, kungamsiza kakhulu. Ngokusebenza ngokukhuthala lowo mlimi uzokhula ekulimeni). 

Ungacindezeli umlimi ukuqasha umnkontilaki, kungcono ukumsiza ukulungisa imishini yakhe nokuzilimela ngalokhu akunakho – mhlawumbe kuzoba ngcono aqashise amasimu engakwazi ukuwalima. 

Ukusebenza nomuntu onolwazi (mentor) kuzosiza kakhulu – kodwa kufanele umfundisi akhethwe ngokuqaphela! Kufanele abe umuntu okhuthele ofisa ukusiza umlimi ukuthuthuka – ozothatha isikhathi ukunikeza ulwazi nekhono nokumsekela. Kufanele bahlangane bakwazi ukusebenzana ngendlela efanelekile. 

Nikeza abalimi imininingwane futhi ungathathi izinyathelo ngaphandle kokuhlangana nabo. Kushiwa ukuthi – asifuni lutho ngaphandle kwethu–, nalapha kufanele kubenjalo. 

Ukusekela abalimi ngokuhlola nokunquma zonke izimpahla zabo epulazini, amasimu, ogandaganda, imishini, izimfuyo, izikwenetu, ezinye izingcebo, njll. Kufanele baqonde kahle ukuthi kusetshenziswa kanjani ekulimeni. Isibonelo: umlimi uzodinga amakW (amandla) amangaki ukulima amasimu athile? 

Qinisa ukuthi umlimi engene kuphrogramu elizomfundisa elizomthuthukisa. Ukuba umlimi wezomnotho ngokugcwele kuthatha isikhathi, futhi kukhona eziningi izinhlangano ezikwazi ukusiza ngokuthuthukisa abalimi. 

Hlola isimo sokuqeqesha okunikezwayo. Kukhona abafundisi abarejestiwe abangenzi umsebenzi omuhle ngoba nabo abanobungcweti bokusebenza epulazini (awungeke ufunde ukulima ngokuthola ulwazi ezincwadini kuphela!). 

Qinisa ukuthi ungaqali ngephrojekte elikhulu kakhulu. Abalimi abasakhulayo badinga isikhathi nokusekelwa, uma iphrojekte likhula kakhulu, izinto ziyasangana bese konke kushona phansi. Kungaba kuhle ukuthi usekela abalimi abangu-50 noma ngaphezulu (ekuqaleni), kodwa kaningi lokhu kushona phansi ngoba azikho izandla ezikwanele zokwenza umsebenzi. Kungcono ukuqala ngabalimi abangu-15 - 20 bese inani linganda njalo ngonyaka. 



