Kweekgras (Maize) 								 Zulu 

Imbubumbubu (Kweekgras) – kukhona indlela yokuzoqeda masinya lolu khula?

Umlayezo:

Folio strap: Ukuphatha ukhula 

Byline: UDkt. Jeanetta Saayman-du Toit, ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, Tel: (018) 299-6297

Photos: Isifanekiso 1: Kweekgras bulele phansi, buyenaba futhi bumila iminyakanyaka  

Isifanekiso 2: Imbali  inesimo sokuqhakaza 



Cynodon dactylon (quickgrass, couch grass, kweekgras) sicabanga ukuthi buvela emphakathini kwaseAfrika noma eAsiya. Lobu tshani butholakala ezindaweni eziningi eNingizimu Afrika futhi budala ingozi ezitshalweni zokudla nasemadlelweni futhi. 



Ikweekgras ngutshani obulele phansi, obenabayo futhi buyanda ngemilibo ngangezimpande. Lobu tshani bungasakazeka ngemishini yokulima neyokubulala ukhula futhi ngezimfuyo. IKhwikhikhi ayivami ukukhula ngobude, ivama ukungadluli ku-40 cm. Inhloko yembewu (Isifanekiso 2) inezimilo ezifana neminwe ezingu-3 kuya ku-7, futhi ubude buya ku-3 cm - 6 cm. Imbewu insundu ukuya mnyamana, iyakhanya futhi ngobude isuka ku-1,1 mm kuya ngobubanzi ku-0,7 mm. Ihluma masinya bese imila kakhulu. 



IKhwikhi iyisithombo esinamandla ngokudala ingozi ekhonkhrithini nasemigwaqeni yetiyela. Ngoba ikhwikhi imila masinya isetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho kukhona ukuguguleka komhlabathi. Izinhlobo eziningi zekhwikhi zisetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho kukhona amafolo lapho kukhona amanzi agijimayo (NK 37), ezingadini, ezindaweni lapho badlala igolfu nakwezinye izindawo zemidlalo. 



IKhwikhi ilwa kakhulu nezitshalo zokudla – ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zotshani ezilukhula ezimila iminyaka neminyaka, ikhwikhi iyinkinga edlula zonke ezinye. Ngoba lobu tshani bumila futhi buyanda ngezimbewu, ngezimpande nangokwenaba, kufanele sithole ulwazi oluhle mayelana nendlela bumila futhi bukhula kanjani. 

Ikhwikhi ingena emasimini ngezimbewu nangezimpande ezisikiwe futhi usakazekwa yizimfuyo nemishini yokulima. Njengezinye izinhlobo zotshani, izimbewu zekhwikhi zihluma eduze nobuphezulu bomhlabathi, bese izimpande zimila masinya kwenzeke into efana nekhaphethe eliqinili. Ikhwikhi incintisana nezitshalo zokudla ukuthola indawo yokumila, ukukhanya (ilanga), amanzi nokudla okusemhlabathini. Futhi inamathela emishinini yokulima bese kungadaleka ingozi ezoletha izindleko zemali.

 Bonke abantu bayabuza: Siyakwazi yini ukuphatha/ukuqeda ikhwikhi? Yebo, siyakwazi ukuphatha ikhwikhi kodwa awukho umxazulo osebenza masinya. Ukuhlakula ngemishini kuphela akuyiqedi yonke. Ngokuvameka, imishini yokuhlakula iphula izenabo bese kusiza ukhula ukukhula masinya futhi lusakazeka endaweni enkulu.

Ngokwindla, (ngoFebhruwari nangoMashi) indlela yokudonsa ukudla kwalobu tshani kuyashintsha ngoba buthatha ukudla phansi ezimpandeni bukulondoloze lapho ukuze buzokwazi ukuphila ngezinyanga ezibandayo ebusika. Lesi sikhathi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu ukufafaza ikhwikhi. Amalitha angu-6 eglyphosate (Roundup) ehektheleni elilodwa akwenele ukuphatha ikhwikhi. Iglyphosate ingena nokudla ezimpandeni bese ibulala sonke isithombo.Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona izindawana lapho buphinda ukumila, ungathela futhi kulezo zindawo. Kubalulekile ukubulala ikhwikhi eceleni kwamasimu nasemigwaqeni ngoba lezi zindawo zingadala ukumila okusha kwekhwikhi. 

Enye indlela yokubulala ikhwikhi yilokhu; hlakaza imilibo namarhizomes ebusika ngemishini. Emva kwalo msebenzi wasebusika, ngentwasanhlobo amalibo namarhizomes azophinda akhule, linda kuze akhule kahle bese ungafafaza amalitha angu-6 eglyphosate ehektheleni elilodwa – linda amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuqala ukulungisa umhlabathi ukutshala ehlobo.

Ukubulala ukhula olunamakhasi abanzi ensimini lapho kutshalwe khona izitshalo zokudla ezinamakhasi abanzi (amagwagwa), nokubulala ukhula lofana notshani olunamakhasi acijile ensimini lapho kutshalwe izitshalo ezinamakhasi afana notshani kuyinkinga njalo ebalimeni. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukubulala ikhwikhi ensimini enommbila. Uma kungenzeka, zama ukutshala inhlobo yesitshalo esinamakhasi abanzi ngonyaka ozayo (usoya, amantongomane noma ubhekilanga) bese ubulala ikhwikhi ngaleso sikhathi. Thintana nomphathi wamakhemikhali eduze uthole umlayezo. Emva kokuvuna isitshalo esinamakhasi abanzi, ungahlakaza imilibo nezimpande ebusika bese ufafaze amalitha angu-6 eglyphosate ehektheleni elilodwa. 

Phinda ukwenza konke okuchazwe phezulu. Uzobona ukuthi emva kweminyaka emibili ikhwikhi izophatheka kalula.

Kukhona izinto ezingaba nomthelela uma ulandela umlayezo wangaphezulu:

Ngaphambi kokufafaza iglyphosate ikhwikhi ifanele imile kahle futhi kubekhona amakhasi amaningi azomunya umuthi.

Ungabofafaza iglyphosate uma ikhwikhi imila kanzima (ukubanda, ukoma noma uma kukhona amanzi amaningi kakhulu) ngoba amakhasi angeke akwazi ukumunya umuthi ngokwanele.

Landela imilayezo elebuleni lomuthi kahle.

Qaphela ukuthi umuthi ungahambi ngomoya uye kwezinye izitshalo.

Naka ukuthi ikhwalithi lamanzi ahlanganiswa neglyphosate angenzi ukuthi umuthi ungasebenzi kahle – sebenzisa amanzi akhanyayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe i-ammonium sulphate neglyphosate.

Khumbula ukuthi ukukhokha imali encane esikhathini esimfisha kungadala izindleko ezinkulu ngaphambili (esikhathini eside) – sebenzisa umuthi ngendlela efanelekile ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle. 



