Resources										Zulu 

Ingcebo – uyisebenzisa kanjani?

Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukuphatha 

Byline: Imininingwane ithathwe kumenyuwali leAgribusiness Management 

Ingcebo yilezo zinto ezingasetshenziswa ngumlimi emsebenzini wakhe wokulima. Ukuzihlola nokuzisebenzisa kahle zonke lezo zinto kubalulekile lapho umlimi efisa ukuphumelela ekulimeni nokuthola inzuzo enhle. 

Ingcebo engatholakala ekulimeni singayifaka kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

Umhlaba nepulazi – lapha singahlanganisa indlela yokusebenzisa umhlaba, inani lezomnotho lomhlaba, ubunikazi bomhlaba nohlelo lokuphatha ipulazi. 

Amanzi nomhlaba onamanzi – lapha singahlanganisa izindleko zokunisela nentengo yamanzi, isimo sobuhle samanzi, isimo sezindawo ezimanzi nenkambiso yazo. 

Ulwazi nokukhuthala ngokukhiqiza – lapha singahlanganisa amajenetiksi (genetics) ezitshalo nezemfuyo, ukuhlolisisa nokuthuthukisa, ibhayotheknoloji ekulimeni nokukhula komkhiqizo wokudla. 

Ukuphatha ukukhiqiza kwezokulima – lapha kukhona ukuphatha ibhizinisi lezokulima, ukuphatha nokulondoloza umhlabathi, izindlela zokuphatha izifo nezilokazane, izindlela zokuphatha amandla okudla, izindlela zokwandisa ukukhiqiza imfuyo, ukuphatha okwemvelo, ukuphatha amanzi aniselwayo, ukuphatha imininingwane yolwazi evela kutheknoloji nezihlelo zokukhiqiza okuqondene nezindlela zokulondoloza umhlaba. 

Okunye okuhambelana nokuphatha zonke lezi zinto ngukumaketa – lapho kungekho khona imakete lomkhiqizo akusizi ukukhiqiza. 

 

Nokho konke lokhu okungaphezulu kubalulekile ukuphatha ibhizinisi lezokulima eliphumelelayo, lesi sibhalo sizobhekana kakhulukazi nokuphatha isimo somhlaba namandla omhlabathi okukhiqiza ngendlela enenzuzo ezoqhubeka nakusasa. Kufanele ukhumbule konke okungaphezulu lapho uhlola izindlela zokukhiqiza ezizokukhombisa uhlelo lwezindleko eziqondile (zamanje) nalezo ezibophekile ezidingekayo. Kanjalo-ke uzokwazi ukuzilungisela ukuthi yiziphi naziphi izimali ezizongena ezindaweni ezithile ebhizinisini lakho lezolimo. 



Umhlaba

Umhlaba yingxenye yengcebo ebalulekile noma kuliphi izwe. Ukukhetha izindlela zokusebenzisa umhlaba kwenziwa njalo ngosuku ngabaphathi bamapulazi – babheka isimo semakete, balalela ukuthi uhulumeni uthini mayelana nomthetho wokuphatha umhlaba futhi babheka ukuthi isimo somhlaba othile sinjani. 



Umhlaba ongaphandle kwamadolobha noma amafektri oqondene nezolimo usetshenziswa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

Amadlelo emvelo; 

Amadlelo atshaliweyo noma izihlathi ezitshaliweyo; 

Amasimu alinywayo; 

- Abhekene nezulu elinayo; 

- Aniselwayo. 

 

Ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo zomhlaba kusekhona umhlaba osetshenziswa kanje: imigwaqo yokuntranspotha, amaphaki nezindawo zezinyamazane, izindawo oMnyango weZimpi namanye amafektri, izindlu zamapulazi, imigwaqo emapulazini namadolobhana asemaphandleni. Umhlaba osalayo usetshenziswa kanje: izindawo zamanzi (wetlands), amaxhapozi, izibhuku, imifula, amadamu, izindawo ezinamatshe nalapho koma kakhulu kungamili lutho. 



Izindawo ezinamanzi (wetlands) zibalulekile ngoba: 

Zinekeza izinhlanzi nezinyamazane indawo yemvelo yokuhlala; 

Zilondoloza isimo esihle samanzi; 

Zisiza ukuvimba ingozi lapho kuvela ukuna okukhulu; 

Zinikeza izindawo ezivulekile zokuziphumulisa; futhi 

Zandisa izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zazemvelo. 

 

Abalimi baseNingizimu Afrika bangasebenzisa le ngcebo ngezindlela ezingahambelani ngci nokukhiqiza ukudla; bangathola inzuzo ngokubiza imali lapho abantu bafisa ukudoba inhlanzi noma kuzingela noma kudubula izinyoni. Ingxenye yengcebo evela kumhlaba iyahluka malingana nokuvunda komhlabathi nendawo lapho umhlaba ukhona. 



Umhlaba wokulima

Umhlaba wokulima ovundile, onamandla ukukhiqiza ukudla okuningi ungachazwa kanje: kungumhlabathi lapho kuhlangana khona isimo somhlabathi semvelo nezimpawu zamakhemikeli ezikhona zokukhiqiza ukudla, ifolishi nezimbewu zikawoyela. 



Lowo mhlaba ufanele ubekhona endaweni lapho kukhona umhlabathi ovundile, lapho isikhathi esidingekayo sokumila kwezitshalo sihle, lapho kukhona umswakamo (amanzi) okwanele. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla uma umhlabathi uphathwa ngendlela yokulima ngendlela efanelekile, futhi uma ingcebo yamanzi iphathwa kahle nomhlaba wemvelo ulondolozwa ngendlela efanelekile. 



Umhlaba wokulima omuhle:

Unamanzi okwanele, noma izulu noma ngokunisela; 

Unesimo sezulu nokushisa okuhle nesikhathi sokumila esihle; 

Unesimo sobumuncu obufanelekile; 

Unenani likasawoti nelesoiyumi elikwanele; 

Awunamatshe amaningi; futhi 

Uyakwazi ukungenisa amanzi nomoya. 

 

Umhlaba wokulima omuhle awufani nalokhu: 

Uhebhuka kalula; 

Ugcwala ngamanzi isikhathi eside; 

Ungenwa ngamanzi njalonjalo; noma 

Awukavikelwa ukugcwala ngamanzi. 

 

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingatshalwa emhlabeni wokulima omuhle yilezi: ummbila, amabele, ukolo, ihhabula, ubhekilanga, ikanola, usoya, ugwayi, amaveji, izimbali, ukotini, nezinto zezemfuyo njengezinkomo zenyama, izinkomo zobisi, izimvu, izimbuzi, izinkukhu nezinyamazane. Izindlela ezahlukene zokukhiqiza konke lokhu kusetshenziswa abalimi emhlabeni jikelele. 



Ukushintsha izindlela zokusebenzisa umhlabathi kungaba nomthelelo esimini sezulu ekuqhubekeni kokukhiqiza ukudla njalonjalo. Ngesinye isikhathi ukonakala kwesimo semvelo njengokuhebhuka komhlabathi, ubuhle bamanzi nezindawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane zemvelo akunakwa kakhulu ngoba abalimi bafuna ukuthola inzuzo kuqala, abacabangi ngokuqhubeka ukusebenzisa umhlaba. Ukusebenzisa umhlaba kungasiza umuntu oyedwa ngokwamanje kodwa mhlawumbe akungeke kusize abantu emhlabeni jikelele ekugcineni. 



Umnikazi womhlaba uzozama ukusebenzisa lowo mhlaba ngendlela ezomlethela inzuzo enhle.

