zulu.1896.Legends
UKWAME NKRUMAH wazalwa ngomhlaka 21 September, 1909, eNkroful eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBritish West African colony eyiGold Coast.
Igama elithi “Kwame” lisho u “Saturday” kanti kuyisiko lama-Akan ukuqamba ingane ngosuku eyazalwa ngalo.
UNkrumah wayengumfundi owayeziphethe kahle, engaphuzi engabhemi ehlala ezivocavoca. Wayeqeqeshelwa ukuba nguthisha ngesikhathi ehlangana noDkt Kwagyir Aggrey owaguqula impilo yakhe.
UDkt Aggrey wayefunde eMelika kanti wakubona ukuhlupheka kwabaNsundu baseMelika. Wayekholelwa ekutheni abase-Africa bangazikhulula ekuhluphekeni ngokuthi bafunde.
Emva kokukhuthazwa nguDkt Aggrey, uKwame nabangani bakhe bazakhela iqembu bahlangana bedingida ngesimo sezepolitiki ezweni labo.
Isimo sashuba emva kokuvalwa imilomo kwabezindaba.
UKwame wasizwa abangani bakhe washiya iGold Coast ngo-1935 eseyofunda eMelika wafunga wagomela ukuthi uzobuyela ekhaya asize isizwe sakhe ukuze sithole inkululeko.
UKwame wayehlupheka phesheya elala ezitaladini. Wayedayisa inhlanzi akhokhele imfundo yakhe ngemali ayeyithola.
ElaseMelika walifulathela ngoMay, 1945 sekuzophela iWorld War 2 ehlome eseneziqu zeBachelor of Science in Economics and Sociology neziqu zeTheology.
Ngo-1943, encwadini ethi-Education And Nationalism In Africa, uKwame waphawula ngokubaluleka kokuba ama-Africa azibuse. KwiTowards Colonial Freedom, wagxeka inqubo yokubuswa ngabamhlophe ethi iphuca ama-Africa umnotho wawo awuphiwe nguNkulunkulu.
Ekupheleni kuka-1945 uKwame waya eLondon. Ekufikeni kwakhe lapho waba ngumngani kaDkt Hastings Kamuzu Banda naye owayefunde eMelika evame nokuhambela izingxoxo ezaziba sekhaya likaDkt Banda.
Lapho wahlangana namadoda ayezodlala indima emqoka ekulweni nenqubo yabamhlophe. Lawo madoda kwakungoKenneth Kaunda, Jomo Kenyatta, Joshua Nkomo noJulius Nyerere.
E-London, uNkrumah waxhasa iPan-African Movement wabuye waba ngunobhala weFifth Pan-African Congress eyayibanjelwe eManchester ekupheleni kuka-1945.
Amasosha kanjalo nezingqalabutho zeWorld War 2, baphangalala abanye balimala ezitaladini zase-Accra.
Ngenxa yalokho iGold Coast ayiphindanga yabuyela esimweni sayo. Kwaba nezigameko zodlame kwebiwa nezimpahla izinsuku ezinhlanu.
Kwashaywa umthetho wesimo esibucayi kwaboshwa uNkrumah nabanye ababekwezepolitiki. Ngesikhathi abafundi bemasha ngoMarch, uhulumeni waseBritain waphendula ngempi.
Esekhululiwe emva kwenyanga evalelwe uNkrumah, wahambela izindawo ezihlukahlukene ekhuluma nabantu. Wayezwakala ethi “Sifuna Uhulumeni Wethu Njengamanje”.
NgoFebruary, 1949, uNkrumah wasungula iCommittee On Youth Organisation (CYO) eyayizobandakanya intsha emzabalazweni wenkululeko.
NgoJune, emashini yeCYO eyayise-Accra, uNkrumah wamemezela ukuthi kuzosungulwa iConvention People’s Party (CPP).
Isizwe esisha
Emva kokuthola ingcindezi yamazwe ngamazwe, iBritain yaqala ukwenza amalungiselelo okuyishiya iGold Coast.
Ngomhlaka 6 March, 1957, emcimbini okwakukhona kuwona noMartin Luther King Jr, uNkrumah wamemezela ukuthi “umzabalazo wethu usuphelile futhi izwe laseGhana selikhululekile.”
Uhulumeni kaNkrumah waqala ukuphucula ingqalasizinda yaseGhana kwasungulwa nezinhlangano ezazizosiza abalimi nosomabhizinisi abancane.
Ngalokho kwakuhloswe ukuba iGhana ingathembeli kokukhiqizwa amanye amazwe. Isizwe sonke sasibambisene noNkrumah ekwakhiweni kwezikole, imitholampilo, imigwaqo nokunye.
Abantu bamtusa kakhulu uNkrumah bethi ungumholi ongumnqobi. Phakathi kuka-1957 no-1959, iGhana yayithathwa njengezwe elaliyisibonelo esihle emazweni ase-Africa ayesathuthuka. Kodwa emva kwalokho izinto zaqala ukonakala…
Okungahambanga kahle
Izinhlelo zentuthuko ezaziqalwe nguNkrumah zazidinga imali, kanti kwathi uma kwehla amanani ka-cocoa emhlabeni ekuqaleni ko-1960, elaseGhana lashodelwa yizimali. UNkrumah wakhuphula imali yentela kanti ukungaphathwa kahle kwezimali kwashiya leli lizwe lingenamali lahlazeka nakwamanye amazwe.
Ngaleso sikhathi uNkrumah naye wayesabambelele ekuphatheni.
Wasungula iSecret Security Service eyayihlome iphelele iqeqeshwa phesheya futhi ilawulwa nguye uqobo. Lokho wakwenza emva kwemizamo emibili yokumbulala engazange iphumelele.
Ngo-1964, emva kokuba elaseGhana libe ngelinye lamazwe asungula i-Organisation Of African Unity, uNkrumah wazibeka njengePresident For Life wawavala imilomo wonke amaqembu aphikisayo.
Kwaboshwa abantu abaningi eGhana ababengenacala.
Ngomhlaka 21 February 1966, uMongameli uNkrumah wayishiya i-Accra waya eHanoi, eDemocratic Republic Of North Vietnam. Amasosha aseGhana awuketula engakabuyi umbuso wakhe.
Kwaphela kanjalo ngoDr Kwame Nkrumah. [z]
BONA ZULU – February 2006
UMnuz. Saturday
UKwame Nkrumah
UKwame Nkrumah wayengomunye wabasunguli bePan-Africanism ne-Organisation of African Unity kanti waba ngumholi wokuqala wezwe eliseningizimu yeSahara elathola inkululeko
UKwame Nkrumah, umholi wokuqala owahola iGhana isikhululekile nongomunye wabasunguli be-OAU.
indaba nguWALTON GOLIGHTLY
Isithombe asishiya
UNkrumah akazange abuyele eGhana. Wahlala ekudingisweni kwelaseGuinea, ukufa kwamfica esafuna usizo lokwelashwa eRomania ngo-April 1972.
Wafihlwa eGhana endaweni azalelwa kuyona kodwa amathambo akhe abuye angcwatshwa epaki yesikhumbuzo e-Accra.
Ingqalabutho yombhali waseGhana uB. Danquah yabhala yathi: “umsebenzi womholi weqiniso kumele kube owokuxhasa inkululeko yabantu. Isizwe asakhiwa yizinto kodwa sakhiwa ngabantu. UKwame Nkrumah wakukhohlwa lokho wafaka abantu kwezepolitiki kwabheda nesimo sezomnotho.”
Impumelelo kaNkrumah, ukukholelwa kwakhe emfundweni nomsebenzi wakhe wokuhlanganisa izinhlanga ezihlukahlukene kwamenza waba nendawo ebalulekile emlandweni.
Izinkinga zaqala emva kokuba eseyeke ukubeka inhlalakahle yabantu phambili kanti omunye waphawula kanjena, “ukuhluleka kwakhe kukhomba ukuthi amazwe asathuthuka angawa kalula. Angamazwe angabekezelelani kwezepolitiki, kwezomnotho, kwinhlalakahle nakwezendalo.
UNkrumah wayekholelwa ekwazisweni kwamasiko ase-Africa.
BONA ZULU – February 2006
OKUQALA NAMUHLA!
Kulolu chunge olusha sizogxila kwabesilisa nabesimame abazakhela igama e-Africa – nizozwa ngoShaka kuya kuHannibal, Cleopatra kuya kuCheops, uMzilikazi kuya kuNasser…
STARTS TODAY!
In this new series we focus on the men and women who have left their mark on the continent – from Shaka to Hannibal, Cleopatra to Cheops, Mzilikazi to Nasser…
