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Nanamuhla busaqhubeka ubugebengu olwandle - ikakhulu endaweni yakwelase-Africa...
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BAQHAMUKA ngobumnyama behamba ngezikebhe ezinejubane elisabekayo basebenzise udlame ekuqoleni imikhumbi. Lokhu bakwenza ebusuku noma ekuseni ngovivi - ngesikhathi lapho abahamba ngemikhumbi emikhulu besalele. Bafike bagibele kule mikhumbi ngokunyenya.
Bahamba cishe beyidlanzana labantu abalishumi kanti basuke bephethe izikhali ezifana nezibhamu ezizishintshayo, ezincane, imimmese nokunye ongakucabanga.
Kokunye basuke bengaqondile umthwalo womkhumbi. Baye babambe abasemkhunjini bathathe nezimpahla eziphatheka kalula njengama-TV, amaVCR nemali egcinwe kuma-safe.
Iqiniso wukuthi lokhu kuqolwa kwemikhumbi yinto esenzeka nanamuhla - ikakhulu e-Africa.
Bahlasela ka-100 ngonyaka - kanti imifula yaseWest Africa iyingozi kakhulu njengoba imikhumbi ibanjwa inkunzi ko-Angola, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast naseSenegal.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lokhu kudalwa yizimpi emingceleni kanye nesimo somnotho kohulumeni bamazwe ehlukene.
Noma yimuphi umkhumbi usengozini - kusuka ezikebheni kuya kwemikhulu ethwala uwoyela.
UDavid Kellerman ongumsunguli weMaritimeSecurity.com, usihlahlelele kanje lezi zibalo: ama-tankers (25 percent), imikhumbi yezimpahla (23 percent), eyemithwalo emikhulu (13 percent), eyama-container (11 percent), eyokudoba (16 percent), negudla ogwini nezikebhe (12 percent).
Izinto abavame ukuzithatha zibandakanya izingubo zokugqoka, ugwayi, izidakamizwa namakhomphyutha. Ubugebengu obenzeka kule mikhumbi wubugebengu obuhlelekile.
NGOKWE-INTERNATIONAL Maritime Organisation (IMO) - ubugebengu basolwandle babehlukanisa kanjena:
n Obase-Asia: Indlela ekhonzwe yilezi zigebengu eSouth East Asia naseFar East, nokuyilapho umkhumbi uhlaselwa kumnyama bewuhlasela ngezikebhe ezingama-speedboats bantshontshe imali nezinto ezingathengiseka kalula.
n AbaseWest Africa: Imikhumbi bayihlasela ngesikhathi isechwebeni. Njengezigebengu zasemabhange, lokhu baye baqale bakuhlele - kanti nabo futhi babaleka ngezimoto nama-truck kunokubaleka ngezikebhe.
n Ngendlela yezempi noma yezombangazwe: Lezi zigebengu zivame ukufaka i-uniform yezempi noma zishaye sengathi zingonogada emachwebeni - njengabantu bakwelaseSomalia abahlasela umkhumbi waseRussia ngo-1997.
n Abagibela emkhunjini: Lezi zigebengu ziye zizenze abagibeli emkhunjini noma amatilosi. Emva kwalokho zilwa nabantu bomkhumbi, zintshontshe impahla bese zibuyisela umkhumbi kubanini bawo.
Ukwenza isibonelo - ngo-1990 amalungu amane alezi zigebengu ayehlomile, agibela umkhumbi wezimpahla iMarta. Afika abopha izandla zamalungu alo mkhumbi angu-9, awavala namehlo. Emva kwalokho zawupenda zawunika elinye igama.
Bawuqondisa kwenye indawo bafike badiliza impahla nokungumsebenzi owabathatha izinsuku ezimbili.
Kwathi lapho sebeqedile, bazungeza ulwandle izinsuku ezingu-6 namalungu omkhumbi abawabophile nokwathi emva kwalokho babadedela - bona babaleka ngesikebhe.
n Imikhumbi yePhantom: Lolu wuhlobo olusha. Izigebengu zifike zingene emkhunjini zibulale abaphakathi noma zibakhiphele ngaphandle bese zishintsha umkhumbi.
I-Tenyu ngomunye wale mikhumbi. Lo mkhumbi weduka eMalacca Straits ngo1998. Bonke abangu-15 ababesebenza kuwona babulawa. Emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa lo mkhumbi wabonwa echwebeni laseShayina usunegama elehlukile.
Embikweni owakhishwa ngoFebruary kulo nyaka abehhovisi elikhulu le-International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) bathi ingu-8 imikhumbi yama-phantom okumanje isabalele lapho kungaziwa khona okucatshangelwa ukuthi yenza ubugebengu olwandle oluse-Africa.
"Isizathu salokhu wukuthi bayazi ukuthi imithwalo elethwa lapha e-Africa inezinto ezibalulekile ezifana nokudla nensimbi," kusho ukapteni Pottengal Mukundan.
Imikhumbi emithathu kwengu-8 kukholakala ukuthi iphethwe wumbimbi lwezinswelaboya ezisebenza e-Africa olwandle iMediterranean, Red Sea, ne-Indian kanye ne-Atlantic Oceans.
"Kwebiwa imithwalo yemikhumbi engadla izigidi ngezigidi zamarandi minyaka yonke," kusho ukapteni Mukundan. "Akulula ngempela ukugwema lobu bugebengu ngoba akulula ukuthola noma ukubona imikhumbi eyebiwe."
Indaba yobugebengu basolwandle yinto ekade yaba khona kusukela emandulo nokwathi ngeminyaka yo-1600 yaqala yadlondlobala - njengoba sibona emafilimini afana no-Pirates Of The Caribbean.
Umehluko wukuthi namuhla lobu bugebengu benziwa ngezindlela ezehlukile kunakuqala.
Kudala imikhumbi yayilayisha abantu abaningi nombayimbayi bokulwa uma kwenzeka begebengwa. Namuhla imikhumbi ayidingi abantu abaningi ngenxa yosizo lwamakhomphyutha nezobuchwepheshe kanti futhi akulula ukuthola imikhumbi ithwele izibhamu.
Izigebengu zasolwandle phambilini, zazihlasela noma yimuphi umkhumbi owawuza ngakuzona noma uhamba endaweni yazo. Namuhla bayabuhlela ubugebengu besebenzisa izibhamu ezizishintshayo.
Ngokwemibiko yabehhovisi le-ICC maritime: ngonyaka odlule kwabikwa izigameko ezingu-445 kunezingu-370 ezenzeka ngo-2002.
Lesi kwabe kuyisibalo sesibili esiphezulu kusukela abe-IMB Piracy Reporting Centre eKuala Lumpur baqala ukugcina izibalo ngo-1991.
Isibalo esikhulu kwaba ngu-469 ngo-2000.
Umbiko waminyaka yonke wabe-IMB i-Piracy And Armed Robbery Against Ships, uthi angu-21 amatilosi okwaziwayo ukuthi abulawa ngo-2003 - uma uqhathanisa nangu-10 abulawa ngaphambi kwalokho - kanti abasebenzi basemkhunjini behlangene nabagibeli - cishe bangu 71 okwaziwa ukuthi baduka.
Ukapteni Jayant Abhyankar uthe: "Iqiniso wukuthi labo abenza lokhu bayazi ukuthi abakwenza kubona ngeke bazivikele kanti nosizo akulula ukuba baluthole ngokushesha."[z]
32 BONA ZULU - January 2007
indaba ngu-ISAAC KWELA
BONA ZULU - January 2007 33
