INCWADI YOKUVAKATJHELA IPALAMENDE EBONISWA NGEVIDIYO  

ISINGENISO (FLASH INTRO)

Wamukelekile ePalamende yeSewula Afrika, iPalamende yeminyaka yeenkulungwana emakhulu amabili nanye! 

IPalamende le imalungana nabantu! 

Umnqopho wethu kukwakha iPalamende yabantu ephumelelako eqalene neemfuno zabantu begodu elawulwa mkhumbulo wokwenza ngcono amaphilo wabantu boke beSewula Afrika. 

Sisebenza ngamandla ukuqinisekisa bona amahlelo wethu aqalelela imiphakathi engakatjhejwa bonyana ibandakanywe qobe.

Indima yePalamende begodu nomphumela wayo kujamela abantu begodu nokuqinisekisa bonyana abantu babuswa ngokomThethosisekelo. 

Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokubetha umthetho, ukutjheja ikambiso karhulumende, nokubandakanya umphakathi eenkambisweni zePalamende. 

umThethosisekelo mthetho omkhulu weRiphabliki begodu uyisendlalelo sentando yenengi begodu wesitjhaba esitjhaphulukileko lapho urhulumende adzimelele kuntando yabantu begodu nokuthi soke isakhamuzi sivikelwe mthetho ngokulinganako.     

Uveza ukuqakatheka begodu neendlela zokuphatha abantu ezidzimelele kuntando yenengi engathathi ihlangothi.



IPalamende ibunjwa bajameli abakhethwe ngetjhaphuluko aba-400 beNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha.    

Iimfunda zijamelekile ePalamende kumKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda obunjwa ziinthunywa ezilitjhumi ezivela esifundeni ngasinye.  

IPalamende yentando yenengi yethu inomlando omuhle wokuba nabajameli baboMma.  

AboMma kwanje bamaLunga amaphesende ama-43.  

Ukusukela ngonyaka ween-2009, singebesithathu iphasi loke ngokuya kokujameleka kwabomma laba. 

Isilinganiso esibekiweko sokujameleka kwabantu bengubo simaphesende ama-50. 

Begodu sinePalamende esebenza ngamandla nangokuzinikela!

IPalamende yethu yentando yenegi yokuthoma yonyaka we-1994, njengomsebenzi wayo wokuthoma, yakhetha uMongameli uNelson Mandela njengomRholi weNarha.

Amalanga nakama-24 enyangeni kaMrhayili onyakeni we-1994 uMongameli uMandela wathula iKulumo yakhe yokuthoma yesiTjhaba kuhlalohlanganyela leziNdlu zombili zentando yenengi yePalamende yokuthoma. 

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iPalamende yamukela umThethosisekelo weRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika yangonyaka we-1996 begodu sekunemithetho emitjha engaphezu kwekulungwana eyibethileko!



Ukulindele ukuhlola amaphatjhisi wemakhiwo wePalamernde? 

Asiragele phambili nevakatjho lethu le Palamende yeSewula Afrika!



Ivalatjho leli limalungana neendawo ezintathu zePalamende, zona ngilezi; siBethamthetho esiDala, nesiBethamthetho seNarha begodu nomKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda. 

Thatha isikhathi sakho sokuhlola unabe!.....



INdlela iPalamende

Le yiNdlela iPalamende. IziNdlu, yiNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha, umKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda kunye neTuynhuys zikhona kulendlela lapho ama-ofisi karhulemende anzinze khona kunye nama-ofisi weenHlangano zePolotiki anzinze lapho.  UMongameli ukhamba eNdleleni iPalamende nakaya kusiBethamthetho seNarha ayokwethula iKulumo yakhe  yesiTjhaba kuhlalohlanganyela lezindlu zombili zePalamende. Ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kweKulumo kaMongameli yesiTjhaba, ejayeleke ukubizwa bona “kuVulwa kwePalamende”, amahlangothi womabili weNdlela iPalamende arhenywa mJeje wokuJama ngokuHlonipha maLunga womPhakathi.  

ISlave Lodge  

ISlave Lodge iyindawo yesikhumbuzo nokugidinga. Yakhiwa yikhamphani yeDutch East India ngonyaka we-1679. Beyisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala komKhandlu oYelelisako ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwePalamende yeKapa, beyisetjenziswa njengomakhiwo we-ofisi lakarhulumende, iKhotho eKulu, i-Ofisi yePoso begodu nanjengeMyuziyamu yomLando wamaSiko.

Ngesikhathi sokuthulwa kweKulumo kaMongameli yesiTjhaba, uMongameli nomjeje bakhamba emadini ebovu kusukela eSlave Lodge ukuya kuhlalohlanganyela lezindlu, eNdlini yesiBethamthetho seNarha.  



UmaKhiwo iMarks

Umakhiwo iMarks unzinze phambi komakhiwo womKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda hlanu kweNdlela iPalamende. Yakhiwa ngonyaka we-1904, Umakhiwo iMarks kwanje uhlalisa iinhlangano zepolotiki eziphikisako, begodu nabasebenzi bazo. Esikhathini esidlulileko bewusetjenziswa yiNdlu yeenThunywa zePalamende yabantu beembala emithathu, ngaphambi konyaka we-1987. IPalamende yabantu beembala emithathu (nanyana uncantathu) yangonyaka we-1985 beyinendlu yabantu abamHlophe, amaKhaladi begodu namaNdiya kwaphela ingafaki abaNtu abaNzima. 



INdlu i-Africa

Indlu i-Afrika ibekwe kuhle phakathi kwekaba yamacabazi wePalamende phambi kweNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha. Bekuyi-Ofisi lakaKomitjhinara weBrithitjhi , begodu ihlalisa iKomiti yeHlanganyela yezobuHlakani begodu namanye ama-Ofisi wePalamende. 



INdlu i-Africa ye-2

Ngaphakathi kweNdlu i-Afrika kunemigwalo yakade yepalamende eyenziwe lapha ekhaya: ibhoksi elincazana elikghatjisiweko ekufakwa ngakilo izinto eziligugu lefetjheni elakhiwe ngomuthi omdala  weMimosa oneminyaka ema-350 owatjalwa khulu ngepumalanga engesewula ngonyaka we-1892. Intonga kaSomlomo wePalamende yabekwa ebhoksini lelo amatjhumi amanengi weminyaka. ( consider for a pop-up)



IStal Plein

Ukuthi “Stal” ngesiNgisi kutjho isitali. Indawo yamathomo ekulu yeStalpein, yathiyelelwa ngesitali somBusi weKapa, beyisehlangothini leCompany Gardens eseTuynhuys, ethome ukubakhona iyindawo yamathulusi weVOC begodu beyaziwa njengeDutch East India Company begodu ngemva kwesikhathi yasetjenziswa ngibo boke abaBusi beKapa. Imilandelande yokwakhiwa kwePalamende kwakhamba bekwafinyelela ekwakhiweni kwehlangothi elitjha, kwaba ngunyaka we-1988, lapho ihlangothi elitjha leNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha lafikelela eTuynhuys. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwePalamende uMongameli usebebnzisa iTuynhuys njenge- ofisi elisemthethweni. ITuynhuys iphethwe yodwa ePalamende. 



INdlela yokuNgena ePalamende ngeRoeland 



IPalamende kwakade beyitjho izinto ezihlukahlukaneko ebantwini. Ekungeneni kweNdlela yeRoeland ePalamende, isithombe sakaJenerala uLouis Botha akhwele ipere kanengi siletha umbuzo: Nithini ngeenkutani ezitjha zesitjhaba? Nanyana kunjalo, isithombe lesi singesomKhandlu kaMasipala weDrobheni leKapa. Imikhawulo yepalamende ifakwe ifensi magega neNdlela iPlein, begodu neCompany Gardens esengehlangothini letjingalanga. Amangeno weNdlela iRoeland angenisa amalunga begodu neendawo zokujamisa iinkoloyi zamaLunga wePalamende nabasebenzi.





ILangabu lesiKhumbuzo             

Ngesikhathi somnyanya wokuvula begodu neminye iminyanya yomBuso, iLangabu lesiKhumbuzo liyavutha ePalamende ukuhlonipha labo ebahlongakala ezipini ebezifaka phakathi iSewula Afrika. UMongameli weSewula Afrika uyiKhomanda eKulu yombutho wamajoni. 


INdawo yeemVakatjhi 

INdawo yeemVakatjhi ise-Ofisini lePoso elidala ekunje sukuyingcenye yamacabazi wePalamende. IPalamende yamukela imvakatjhi ezibuya eduze nakude begodu nabafundi bamukelekile. Abavakatjhi abangaphezulu kwama-25 000 bavakatjhela iPalamende qobe ngonyaka. Abavakatjhi kufuneka bona baveze abomazisi abasemthethweni ngaphambi kobana bavunyelwe ukungena ePalamende. Kuba buyaluyalu khulu ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kweKulumo kaMongameli yesiTjhaba (ebizwa bona kuvulwa kwePalande konyaka) namkha uNgqongqotjhe weeMali nakathula ikulumo yakhe yesabelo seemmali.

IPoorthuis, amasango womphakathi ePalamende

IPoorthuis eyaziwa bona yiGate House inamasango wesiBethamthetho seNarha esiDala. Umuntu kufuze adlule kubatjheji bezokuphepha ngaphambi kobana angangena. Ngaphakathi esangweni kunobude obumamithara ama-30 beKeiskamma Tapestry (qala iHotspot).

UmRhoso okuDosela ngeKundleni yesiBethamthetho seNarha

Ngemva kokunyuka ngeentepisi zemasangweni womakhiwo wesiBethamthetho seNarha, umuntu ugadanga ithayilisi lemabula phasi endlini yesiBethamthetho seNarha. Amasango ehlela phasi emasangweni wamaLunga. Kuneentezi ezimbili mahlangothi woke wamasango akusa endaweni lapho kuhlala khona umphakathi, abosoondaba, nendawo yeeNtatanyiswa kunye nama-ofisi. Ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kweKulumo kaMongameli yesiTjhaba begodu namavakatjho weeNarha umada obovu uyandlalwa ophumela emangenweni wamalunga. 



IsiBethamthetho seNarha

INdlu le kuhlala ipalamende epheleleko yeNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha begodu nehlalohlanganyela yeziNdlu. Kwanje, amaLunga ama-400 wePalamende ahlangana la ukuzokubetha umthetho begodu atjhejisise nomsebenzi owenziwa ngurhulumende. UMongameli uhlala ngehlangothini lesidleni lakaSomlomo, esihlalweni esinesikhumba esincani ngaphezulu. Ihlangano ekulu ihlala ngehlangothini lesidleni lakaSomlomo kuthi iinhlangano eziphikisako zihlale ngesinceleni. Bekusendlini le ngesikhathi seBandlululo lapho owakhe waba nguMongameli uFW de Klerk amemezela ukupheliswa ukuvalwa komlomo kwehlangano ye-ANC begodu nezinye iinhlangano zepolotiki. Ngemva kwamalanga alithoba, amalanga nakali-11 enyangeni kaMhlolanja ngonyaka we-1990, uNelson Mandela wakhululwa ejele ngemva kweminyaka engaphezulu kwama-27.  Emnyanyeni owawuthinta imizwa wango 1994,  uMnumzana uMandela wamukelwa njengoMongameli wokuthoma wentando yenengi eSewula afrika. (maybe a link to the speech) 

Iphodiyamu ephambi kwesihlalo sakaSomlomo isetjenziswa ngesikhathi samavakatjho weenarha namkha nguMongameli namkha boNgqongqotjhe nabaphendula imibuzo. Ngesikhathi seenkulumopikiswano, namkha lokha amalunga enza iintatimende basebenzisa iphodiyamu, kodwana bangenza itjhukumiso zokwazisa namkha babuze imibuzo begodu baphakamise imibono yokuyelelisa baseenhlalweni zabo, ezinama-mayikhrofowuni. Kunemitjhini yegezi yokuvowuda kwesinye nesinye isihlalo ukuqinisekisa bona ukuvowuda kwelunga kufihlekile, kwaphela ihlangano ngayinye iyakghona ukubona bona mangaki amalunga wayo avowudele ukuphikisana nofana ukuvumelana nomthetho.  



IsiHlalo sakaSomlomo

Isihlalo sakaSomlomo sinzinze endaweni ebuphakama ngemaphelelweni weNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha. Kulapho ke uSomlomo alawula khona ikambiso yeNdlu.



USomlomo wokuthoma wePalamende yentando yenengi, nguDorhodere uFrene Ginwala, owahlelela abadosi phambili beenhlangano ezincani kobana babe neenhlalo ngaphambili, ukwenzela bona boke abavowudu bakwazi ukubona iinhlangano abazikhethileko. Nakukhona ihlalohlanganisela leziNdlu, isibonelo njengalokha kuthulwa iKulumo kaMongameli yesiTjhaba, iinhlalo ziyangezwa ngaphakathi, phakathi nendawo ukwenzela bona kuhlaliswe woke amalunga avela kumKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda.



INdlu yesiBethamthetho esiDala



INdlu yesiBethamthetho esiDala besisetjenziswa yiPalamende ukusukela ngesikhathi sokutlanywa kwe-Yuniyoni yangonyaka we-1910, bekwaba ngunyaka we-1994 wamakhetho karhulumende wentando yenengi wokuthoma. Ngonyaka we-1994 iPalamende yangesikhathi leso yahlakazwa kiyo leNdlu: ekwakulitshwayo elikhombisa ukuphila kweBandlululo, begodu nemithetho yalo. Ngonyaka we-1961 iSewula Afrika yatjhiya phasi kuCommonwealth, yaba yiRiphabliki. UDimitri Tsafendas wahlaba ngomukhwa uNdunakulu, uDorhodere uHendrick Verwoerd wambulala, lapho bekahleli khona. 



Indlu le njenganje isetjenziselwa ukulalela imibono yomphakathi, ukubethwa kwemithetho, begodu nemisebenzi yokutjhejisisa yePalamende. Isetjenziswa godu njengendawo yokuhlanganyela kwemihlangano yamasemina, yeenqhema, amakomiti, imihlangano yentumba ye-ANC begodu nemiHlangano yomPhakathi.


INdlu yokuDlela yesiBethamthetho esiDala



IKumba yokuDlela yeNdlu yesiBethamthetho esiDala besiyingcenye yomakhiwo wokuthoma wangonyaka we-1885, ebesisebenza njengeNldu yokuhlanganyela yesiBethamthetho seKapa. INdlu yokuhlanganyela yakarhulumende weKapa yabayindlu yokudlela yamalunga begodu neemvakatjhi. UNdunakulu weBrithitjhi uHarold MacMillian wenza ikulumo yakhe ethi “Wind of Change” lapha ngonyaka we-1960, njengetshwayo lakamazibuse leBrithitjhi lokuthumba inarha ye-Afrika.



UMrhoso okuDosela kumKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda

Indawo yokuhlala yomKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda beyaziwa njenge Queen’s Hall eyathiyelelwa ngoQueen Victoria begodu igama lelo lahlala labakhona bekwaba ngunyaka we-1961. yabizwa bona yiwolo yeGalari ngonyaka we-1961 lokha iSewula Afrika ibayiRiphabliki.



Iphasi lendawo le linamathayilisi wehlobo leseramikhi, ebelidume khulu endaweni yeVictorian. 



ITjhemba yomKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda

Le yiNdlu yokuhlanganela yomKhandlu wenarha oNgamele iimFunda, ekumakhiwo oqakatheke khulu emlandwini womThethosisekelo weSewula Afrika, ojamela izakhamuzi bazo zoke iimfunda ePalamende. Umthetho othinta iimfunda kuphikiswana ngawo begodu uphothulwe kuyo lendlu. UmKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda unamalunga ali-10 abuya esifundeni ngasinye – asithandathu wawo angewasafuthi kuthi amane abeziinthunywa ezikhethekileko.



Kulendlu, amalunga ahlala ngokuya kweemFunda zawo begodu avowuda njengengcenye yesifunda. Abavowudi banendawo yokuvowuda ekhethekileko yokukhetha amalunga weemFunda ezilithoba zemBethamthetho, qobe ngeminyaka emihlanu, ngelanga linye lamakhetho wenarha. Isifunda ngasinye sinetshwayo laso elibekwe labonakala endlini yokuhlanganela yomKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda. 



ITafula kaMongameli eneTshwayo lesiTjhaba kumKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda



UMongameli nakamenywe bona akhambele ukuhlala komKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda, uhlala ereyini lokuthoma ngehlangothini lesidleni lakaSihlalo, esihlalweni sakaMongameli esinetshwayo lesitjhaba.  



IGalari yomKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda



 Indawo ephakamileko yokuhlala yomKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda isetjenziswa ziinTatanyiswa begodu nomphakathi nawukhambele iPalamende.  



ITshwayo leNarha

Itshwayo leNarha LeSewula Afrika litshwayo elibonakala khulu lomBuso. Okubonakala phakathi kwalo yibhlomu elikhulu, okulibhlomu lesitjhaba elijamele itjhebiswano yamasiko, nokuhluma kwenarha njengesitjhaba. Ngaphezulu kwebhlomu kunenyoni ephakamise amaphiko, begodu nelanga eliphumako. Iindlebe zekoroyi zikhombisa ukunotha kwenarha, kodwana iimpondo zendlovu zitshwaya ihlakanipho, amandla begodu nokuqina. 





ITshwayo leNarha lesi-2

Phakathi nendawo, isihlangu sibonisa ukuvikeleka kwabantu beSewula Afrika, ngaphasi mkhonto begodu nesibhuku, kuhlaliswe ngendlela yokukhombisa ukuvikela ukuthula kunokobana kulindelwe ipi. Phakathi kwesihlangu kuneenthombe zabantu bamaKhoisan, ekubahlali bokuthoma bendawo. Imbalobalo zidzubhulwe eenthombeni eLitjeni leLinton, ekusiboniso esaziwa khulu ephasini selitje lomgwalo weSewula Afrika. Umongo wetshwayo lenarha utjho bona “abantu abahlukeneko babumbene”, namkha abantu abangafaniko abahlangeneko”, ngelimu lamaKhoisan wabantu be/Xam: !ke e:/xarra//ke (provide link to parliamentary website for audio pronunciation?)

Amasango wokungena emakhiweni womKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda aziwa ngeQueen

Amasango wokungena iQueen anzinze emakhiweni wokuthoma wePalamende yeKapa wona akhiwa ngonyaka we-1885. Enza bona kubelula ukungena endlini yokuhlanganela, hlanu kwamasango weCompany Gardens. ICompany Gardens yathiyelelwa ngeKhamphani yeDutch East India yona eyathumela uJan noMaria Van Riebeeck eKapa. Umakhiwo omutjha wangezelelwa esithabathabeni sePalamende ngemva kwabathumbi ababili beBrithitjhi (beKapa begodu neNatali) begodu namaBhuru amabili walokha wamaRiphabliki (iTransvaal begodu ne-Orange Free State) abasungula iYuniyoni yeSewula Afrika yangonyaka we-1910. 



ILayibhrari (etholokala emangenweni womakhiwo womKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda

ILayibhrari inzinze emakhiweni womKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda. Ngonyaka we-1857 iLayibhrari yahlonywa,  kusukela eencwadini ezazisetjenziswa kusiBethamthetho seNarha seKapa begodu nemKhandlwini wesiBethamthetho. Ngonyaka we-1910 nakusungulwa iYuniyoni, iincwadi ezabuthelelwako zaphenduka zaba yiLayibhrari yePalamende. Ngonyaka we-1919 iincwadi ezinengi, neenthombe, nemebhe begodu nemigwalo kwangezelelwa, kwaphenduka kwaba maButhelelo aKhethekileko. 



Eminyakeni engaphezulu kwe-150 kube nomehluko omkhulu ekengezweni kweencwadi zeLayibhrari ekufaka phakathi nokubuthelela iincwadi zakaSidney Mendelssohn. Ngonyaka we-1917 wanikela ngeencwadi zakhe ze-Afrika ezinemitlolo ezi-7000 ePalamende. Kuneencwadi ezingaba ma-200 000 elayibhrari, ekufaka phakathi nemigadangiso yeSewula Afrika neye-Afrika.  



UbuKghwari bePalamende 

Hlangana nomsebenzi wobukghwari obekwe emabodeni wemyuziyamu misebenzi yomgwali wemifanekiso uFrancios Le Valliant. Bekamkhambi weFrance obekakhambela khulu epumalanga begodu netlhagwini Kapa phakathi kweminyka we-1781 nonyaka we-1784. Iimbala yamanzi irekhoda lamakhambo.



Ukubuthelelwa komsebenzi wobukghwari, ubuciko begodu namagugu wePalamende ayabulungwa, kutlolwe phasi begodu kugcinwe yi-ofisi lobukghwari lePalamende begodu umphakathi ungazifumana. Ukubuthelela umlando oqakathekileko begodu uligugu, kwaphela akujameli boke abantu benarha. IPalamende izama kobana ijamele boke abantu beSewula Afrika ngobukghwari. Imisebenzi emitjha begodu nemihlobo ehlukahlukaneko yobukghwari iyabuthelelwa kobana ibekwe emabodeni ukwenzela bona bube yingcenye yekhambo lobukghwari bePalamende, kunobanyana bube kugcina kwepalamende. 



IKeiskamma imadi ebekwe ebodeni 

Ibhande leKeiskamma lijamele ibuthelelo lobagwali, kunobanyana lijamele umgwali munye. Amatjhuguluko abonakalako weSewula Afrika afakiwe ebhandeni leKeiskamma emaphatjhisini weNdlu yesiBethamthetho esiDala. Ibhande leli elikhombisa umlando wepi yeSewula Afrika lenziwa bomma bePumalanga Kapa begodu lifaka phakathi iinthombe zamakhetho ezisencwajaneni ezanikelwa abavowudi beSewula Afrika emakhethweni wukuthoma wentando yenengi. 



Ibhoksi elikghabisako elisesitepisini esingaphezulu kumangeno wesi-2 atlolwe “Gold Card) 

INtonga yegolide yePalamende eyanikelwa iPalamende ngonyaka we-1963 yiNdlu yokuhlanganyela yeTransvaal begodu neeMayini ze-Orange Free State, yajamiselelwa yiNtonga yePalamende yabantu. Okuphezu kweNtonga yePalemende yincwadi evulekileko (ejamele umThethosisekelo), nesigubhu esibiza abajameli besitjhaba sibabizela ku-indaba. 



Ibhoksi lomqaliso eentepisini ezingaphezulu 

Izinto ezinengi begodu namabhoksi kubekwe emaphatjhisini ahlanganisa umakhiwo womKhandlu weNarha oNgamele iimFunda. Umtlikitlo womThetho weYuniyoni yeSewula Afrika wangonyaka we-1910 ubekiwe nawo ebodeni, netshwayo lobukhosi, njengoba kumThetho wonyaka we-1961 wokuthoma iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika. 



Ibhoksi lomQaliso eentepisini ezingaphezulu 

IsiHlalo ebesisetjenziswa nguSomlomo wePalamende yeKapa begodu kwathi mvanyana, sasetjenziswa yiNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha

Intonga yePalamende edala esebhoksini mqaliso likhombisa ngentonga ebeyisetjenziswa yiNdlu yamaCommons yeNgilandi. Lokhu kwabekwa etafuleni yeengodo eNdlini yesiBethamthetho seNarha. 



 Amabhoksi womQaliso eentepisini esingaphezulu 

Hlangana nendawo le  kunamabhoksi amanengi akhombisa:

Die Stem

Ingoma yesitjhaba eyabhalwa ngu CJ Langenhoven yeSewula Afrika eBumbeneko, “Die Stem”, ikhombiswa la, hlanu kwayo yisiphuthelo samagama wabahlonitjhwa ababhubhela ezipini ezimbili zephasi, namagama wamajoni aNzima abekelwe ngemva  wencwadi yesiKhumbuzo. 

Ibhoksi elinawigi

Iinhluthu zokuzenzela zabosihlalo begodu nabasebenzi ebaseenkhundleni eziphezulu ezisematafuleni weNdlu yesiBethamthetho seNarha begodu neNdlini yeSinethi zapheliswa ngenyanga kaTjhirhweni ngonyaka we-1987 ngemva komhlangano wehlalonganisela lamaKomiti wemiThetho eJamiselelweko begdodu neyomYalo, nanyana isihluthu sokuzenzela zokugcina sambathwa kokugcina ngonyaka we-1994. 



EMINYE IMIQALISO YAMABHOKSI

Amacezwana amancanI wamatje avela enyangeni, alethwa eSewula Afrika nguMongameli uRichard Nixon, asesekhona kusaqaliswa ngawo.  



