Abasebenzi ebubulweneli abakavikeleki ezintweni ezinengi ezinengozi, okufaka phakathi okulandelako:
Ukuwa elevelini yinye esikhathini esinengi okubangwa bujamo obutjhelelako okungabangela bona balimale.
Ukulimala okubangwa kuguga izinto, kubuyelelabuyelela umsebenzi munye nokubangwa yindlela ekusejtenzwa ngayo: Abasebenzi ebubulweni leli kungenzeka bangavikeleki ekugugugeni izinto ezibudisi ngezandla nokubuyebuyelela umsebenzi munye kanti godu neendlela zokusebenzi ezingakalungi esikhathini esinengi okubangwa yindawo yokusebenzela eminyeneko kanye nomtlamo ongakalungi welandelano lokwenza umsebenzi
Ukungavikeleki kumakhemikhali ayingozi – ukungavikeleki lokhu kungavela lokha nakwenziwa imisebenzana yokubamba amakhemikhali okungafana phakathi ukuhlanzekisa izinto zokusebenza kanye nokudibhwa kweendawo zokusebenzela
Qinisekisa bona indlela zokukhamba neendawo zokusebenzela zihlala zihlwengile begodu zomile ngokuvikela ukuphalaza lokha nakusetjenzwako bese nangokunikela abasebenzi bakho amanyathelo angatjheleliko
Phungula amathuba wokutjhayisana lokha nakusetjenzwako
Qinisekisa bona akuphalazwa amanzi nanyana okusamanzi
Abasebenzi kufuze babandulwe ngeendlela ezifaneleko zokuguga bese neendawo yokusebenzela kufuze itlamwe kuqinisekiswe bona abafundi banendawo elingeneko yokusebenzela.
Eminye yemisebenzi efana nokukhena, ukuvubela amabhodlelo, nokusetjenziswa kweenthuthi kubangela abafundi itjhada elisezingeni eliphezulu khulu. Iindlela zokulawula ubunjiniyera kufuze isetjenziswe ukuphungula amazinga wamatjhada kanti nokuzivikelwa ngokwabo kufuze kugandelelwe.
Faka itjhimela ukuphungula ithuli
Nikela abasebenzi ngokuzivikela okufaneleko, iinsetjenziswa bese uqinisekisa ibandulo ekusetjenzisweni kwazo
Abasebenzi ebubulweneli abakavikeleki ezintweni ezinengi
ezinengozi okufaka phakathi ukutjhayisana neenthuthi
Amakhemikhali anengozi
Abasebenzi kufuze babandulwe ngeendlela eziphephileko zokusebenza umsebenzi ngamunye kufakwa phakathi isizo lokuthoma.
Umtjhiso namakhaza
Umsebenzi wezamaphilo nanyana umhlengikazi osemthethweni kufuze azokuqinisekisa bona abasebenzi baphile kuhle emzimbeni ukungenza umsebenzi.
Iindawo eziminyeneko
Amaqatjhi kufuze kube ngibo abahlolako bona akunaandawo eziminyeneko endaweni yokusebenzela. Nange ikhona, woke amangeno kufuze avikelwe bona angangenwa nanyana kufuze kusetjenziswe amatshwayo ukuveza indawo eminyeneko.
Imivumo yokusebenza kufuze ikhitjhwe lokha nakunomsebenzi ekufuze wenzelwe lapho endaweni eminyeneko
Abasebenzi kufuze banikelwe izinto zokuphefumulisa kuhle ngaphambi kokobana bangene endaweni eminyeneko begodu babandulelwe ukuzisebenzisa.
Izinto eziwako
Qinisekisa bona izinto ezibekwa zibe phezulu ngaphezu kweleveli ephasi (isib. ematjhelfini wokubeka) zinzinzile nanyana ziqinile nange zikhwathwa angeze zawa lula. Beka izinto ezibudise eduze naphasi nanyana phasi bese kuthi ezilula phezelu
Qinisekisa bona izinto ezide ezizijamelako (isib. isilinda yerhasi) nanyana izinto ezisame ngeboda zinzinzile nange ziqhulwa, begodu zivikelwe.
Amathulusi wezandla
Imikhwa yezandla ibanga ukulimala okunengi begodu kufuze ibekwe endaweni ephephileko/iphuthelwe lokha nayingasetjenziswako
Ukukhambisa izinto
Ukukhiqizwa kukudla neenselo
Unobangela omkhulu wokulimala uragela phambili ngokuba ngile:
Ukulimala okubangwa kubamba ngezandla/emzimbeni
Ukutjhelela emeflurwini amanzi nanyana athelwe kukudla
Ukuwa phezulu
Iinthuthi zemsebenzini (kufaka phakathi iinthuthi zamafoklifthi)
Ukusikwa yinto (isib. imikhwa ebukhali nanyana izinto eziwako)
Imitjhini.
Kikho koke lokhu, unobangela omkhulu wokulimala okusabekeko uragela phambili ukuba zinthuthi zemsebenzini, kufakwa phakathi ukuwaphezulu kanye nemitjhini.
Ukulimala komzimba
ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
itjhada
ubulwelwe besifuba obuphathelene nomsebenzi
Amabubulo
imikhiqizo yebisi
Abafundi kufuze babandulwe ngeendlela eziphephileko zokusebenza
zomsebenzi ngamunye okufaka phakathi isizo lokuthoma.
Iinthelo nemirorho
Amaswidi
Ilandelano lokukhiqiza ukudla lineengaba ezintathu – ukulima, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokuthengisa/ukudla. Ukukhiqizwa kokudla nnenselelo kwenzeka emafektrini ahlukahlukeneko ngobukhuli kusukela kilayo aqatjha abantu abambalwa ukuyala kilayo aqatjha amakhulu wabantu. Ngembala, amafektri amanengi amakhudlwana nalayo amakhulu angezinye zeenhlangano enarheni nanyana eentjhabatjhabeni aqatjha iinkulungwana zabasebenzi.
Umkhakha wesibopho womNyango wezabaSebenzi uthoma ngokufaka phakathi iingaba ezimbili elandelwaneni leli – ukulima nokukhiqiza. Ukuthengisa nokudla kuwela ngaphasi kwesibipho seminyango yezepilo yebhoduluko yendawo, nanyana umNyango wezabaSebenzi usebenza neminyango leyo ukuqinisekisa ukunzinza eendabeni zezepilo nezokuphepha.
Zepilo emsebenzini kuvame ukuba yinto ebudisi ukuyiphatha sekunokuphepha.
Abonobangela nemiphumela yokuphepha okungakalungi emsebenzini kuyinto yanje begodu nelula ukuyilungisa. Ukugula okufumaneke emsebenzini kubudisi khulu ukukubona. Kuvama ukungathatha isikhathi eside ukuthi amatshwayo abonakale yeke-ke ukuhlanganisa hlangana konobangela nomphumela akubonakali lula, kodwana nange umraro ungabonakala begodu wamukelwe, iinsombululo zingavela.
Emrarweni yezepilo eminengi emsebenzini, efana nomgogodlha obuhlungu, kungenzeka bona ibangelwa zizinto ezinye ezingakhambelani nomsebenzi.
Abasebenzi kungenzeka bona bangafundi ukuvuma bona banemiraro yezepilo ebangelwe misebenzi ngebanga lokusaba ukulahlekelwa misebenzi yapho nanyana imibono emimbi abantu abayihlanganisa neminye imihlobo yokugula. Ngalaba abonobangela kuqakatheke khulu bona uthole begodu uphungule izinto ezithikamezako ezivela emsebenzini.
Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwelwazi leensombululo zemiraro ebangeke emsebenzini, ilwazi lendawo mayelana naleso esilungele ukurarulula umraro othileko lingaba lifitjhani. Amarhwebo amanye amakhulu ebubulweni baqatjha abasebenzi bezepilo emsebenzini, esikhathini esinengi onelwazi ngezokwelapha. Nanyana kunjalo, amarhwebo amanengi, khulukhulu amancani, ukutholwa kwezeluleko ngezepilo emsebenzini kuncani. Lokha abantu abanengi banomraro wezepilo batjhinga kudorhodere owelapha amalwelwe zombelele, kodwana abodorhodere labo abanengi abakakulungeli kuhle ukuqalana neendaba eziphathelene nezepilo emsebenzini. Amarhwebo amanengo atlhoga bona athome iminyango nanyana afune abe abhadele ngaphandle eqalene mathupa ezobaluleka ngezepilo emsebenzini ngamalanga.
Ngobunengi khulu, imiphumela yokugula okufumanwe emsebenzini kubangelwa bonobangela abajayelekileko abambalwa, boke labo ebangalawuleka lula baphathi nabasebenzi basebenzisana ukuthola iindlela zokulawula ezikghonakalako ezilungele indawo abasebenzela kiyo. Nanyana kunjalo ukusetjenziswa kwabasebenzi ababandulelwe zemisebenzi kungbiza kancani ebujameni obufaneleko.
Lesi isiqephu sihlathulula abonobangela abakhulu bokugula okufumanwa emsebenzini ebubulweni lokudla neenselo begodu sipha neenluleko zokobana ungabalawula bunjani.
Abonobangela abakhulu
Abonobangela abakhulu bokugula okufumaneka emsebenzini ebubulweni lokudla neenselo ngilaba:
ukugandeleleka komkhumbulo ngebanga lomsebenzi: okungabangwa kuhleleka okungakalungi komsebenzi.
ubulwele besifuba ngebanga lomsebenzi: okubangwa lithuli lokha nakubhagwako nanyana kugaywako
ukuqubuka kwesikhumba ngebanga lomsebenzi: okubangwa kuhlanza izandla, ukuthelwa kukudla okufakwa ngemabhleganeni, njalonjalo.
ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa ngeendlebe ngebanga letjhada: lokha amazinga wetjhada nakadlula ama-85 dB(A).
(Kokubili ama-WRULDs nokulimala umgogodlha) ngikho okuvame khulu. Nanyana kunjalo obunye ubungozi buqakathekile begodu buyenzeka ubujamo nabuvumako.
Abonobangela abakhulu bokulimala (ukuhlangahlangana) komzimba
Emabubulweni wokudla neenselo, ukulimala komzimba okunengi kuvela kibobangela abahlanu kwaphela:
ukusika, ukukhupha amathambo enyameni, ukuhlanganisa, ukubopha nokubasa (inyama ebovu neyekukhu)
Ukupaka imikhiqizo (njengetjhizi, amaswidi namakuke)
Sazi bunjani bona sinomraro?
Ukulima nemiraro yezepilo ivela ngeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko, njengalezi:
nakuvela bona kukhona abalimele imigogodlha neengaba ezingazulu zomzimba
Ukuqaqamba nobuhlungu
imikhiqizo enekhwalithi ephasi
abasebenzi nabathoma ukunghonghoyila bese koke kuyajama
nasele bathoma ukuzilungisela ngokwabo indawo yokusebenzela nanyana amathulusi (isib. ukubeka imisamelo eentulweni)
Nange unomraro uzokubiza imali lokha nabalovako ngebanga lokugula, imali enegi oyisebenzi ebasebenzini, ukubabandula ngobutjha, ukulahlekelwa emikhiqizweni, njalonjalo. Amacala wokulilisa ngemali ayakhula begodu imiraro le ingakhinyabeza imali oyibhadela itjhorensi ngenyanga.
Ubulwele besifuba ngebanga lomsebenzi
Imithombo yemininingwana irekhode izinga elilingeneko lobulwelwe besifuba ekukhiqizweni kokudla neenselo. Abonobangela abakhulu bobulwele besifuba kurhogela ithuli elenziwa ziinthoro neflowuru, bese ibhaga yona inezinga eliphezulu lesibili ngezehlakalo emisebenzini yoke ebubulweni nanyana ngiliphi.
Abonobangela bobulwele besifuba ngebanga lomsebenzi
Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba ngebanga lomsebenzi ithinta abafundi abasebenza ngenyama ebovu, ifesi, inyama yekukhu, iinthelo nemirorho, kanye namarotho, amaswidi, amaswidi abapheki, abahlwengisi kanye nabanye abasebenzi abanengi.
Ekwenzeni ukudla, esikhathini esinengi kuthinteka izandla nemikhono
Bugcina ngobubovu, ukuhlubeka nokutjha kwesikhumba, buvame ukuba bumbi bubangele umuntu bona angezi emsebenzini begodu ephethe sele atjhugulula imisebenzi
Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba emsebenzini kubangelwa kusebenzisa khulu amanzi, isisibha neensusasila (izehlakalo ezima-55%) nokuthintana nokudla okuhlukahlukeneko okufana netjhukela, iflowuru/iderhi, iinthelo ezimanzi, imirorho, iimpayisi namakhambi, ifesi nokudla kwelwandle, inyama ebovu neyekukhu (izehlakalo ezima-40%)
Ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa ngebanga letjhada.
Abonobangela bokulahlekelwa kukuzwa ngebanga letjhada
Ukungavikeleki emazingeni aphezulu wetjhada kungabanga umonakalo omkhulu wokungasezwa, ongaba budisi ukuwubona njengoba umphumela lo ukhula kancanikancani ngokukhamba kwesikhathi. Amazinga wetjhada angaba phezulu, kungaba kuseendaweni ezikulu (isib. amaboda angakhuphi itjhada) nanyana endaweni leyo lisuka eplantini nemtjhinini orasako (isib. ukutjhayisana kwamabhodlelo wemikhiqizo nakaphuma ebhandeni). Nange ihlolo lendawo yakho lobungozi liveza bona itjhada lifuze liqalwe kokuthoma, kuncono ulilawule lapha livela khona.
Ukwenza umgomo olawula zepilo emsebenzini
Kuneendaba ezibanzi ezintathu ekufuze ziqalwe lokha nakwenziwa ihlelo elisebenza kuhle lokulawula zepilo emsebenzini:
1. Ukukhandela
Kunesibopho somthetho nesemigomo yokuziphatha kuhle ebaqatjhini ukwenza nanyana yini okukghonakalako ukukhandela ukugula kwabasebenzi ngebanga lomsebenzi. Ukuze kuvikeleke ipilo yabasebenzi, unobangela wokuba sengozini kwepilo emsebenzini kufuze athome ngokwaziwa. Ezehlakalweni ezinenge lokhu kuyaziveza. Ngemva kokuvezwa kobungozi obukhulu (ama-MSD, ithuli, itjhada, njalonjalo) amagadango angathathwa kuhlolwe umraro ngamunye ngendlela efanako nendaba yezokuphepha. Kuqakathekile bona ungavezi abantu abathileko kwaphela (nanyana isiqhema esithileko) esingakavikeleki ebungozini lobu kodwana nezinga abangakavikeleki ngayo kanye nemiphumela engalandela. Ilwazi leli lizokuqakatheka lokha nawudosa abasebenzi, nanyana ngesikhathi sokwelatjhwa, ukuqinisekisa bona ibhduluko lomsebenzi alithinti kumbi ubujamo bezepilo obukhona.
Eminye yemisebenzi efana nokukhena, ukuvubela amabhodlelo, nokusetjenziswa kweenthuthi kubangela abafundi itjhada elisezingeni eliphezulu khulu
Ukutjheja ukulova emsebenzi ngebanga lokugula
Ilawulo lokuza emsebenzini sele liyindaba ekulu ebeqatjhini abanengi beenhlangano ezikulu. Ilwazi elitholaka etjhejweni ngelohlo elibukhali lokuza emsebenzini liqakatheke khulu ekutshwayeni imiraro yezepilo ebangwa msebenzi. Nange kwenzeka bona kunemisebenzi ethileko nanyana amahlangothi amanye lapha kulovwa khona khulu, lokho kungaba sitjengiso somraro. Amazinga aphezulu womgogodlha obuhlungu nanyana amatshwayo we-WRULD angathintaniswa nemihlobo ethileko yomsebenzi.
Ukulalela abasebenzi
Ilwazi elinengi lingafumaneka khona ebasebenzini. Abasebenzi bangasaba ukuvuma bona banemiraro yezepilo ebaphathini nange bacabanga bona lokho kungafaka imisebenzi yabo engozini nanyana nango iminingwana ilumela. Nanyana kunjalo, kunendlela ezinengi ongabuthelela ngazo ilwazi labo nanyana ukufumana imibono yabo engabavikela ekuzivezeni amabizo wabo begodu kuqinisekiswe ukuphuma kweempendulo eziliqiniso.
Ukulawula ubungozi
Njengomraro nanyana ngiwuphi wezepilo nokuphepha, irherho leendlela zokulawula kufuze lilandelwe. Lapha kughonakala khona, ukukhupha izinto ezinengozi lingadango elihle. Ukuthembela ekuvikeleni umuntu ngamunye ngeensetjenziswa zokuvikela ngamunye (personal protective equipment/PPE) kufuze kube ligadango lamaswaphelo. Esikhathini esinengi ilandelano lokulawula zepilo emsebenzini lifuna kwaphela ukuthintana okulungileko hlangana nabasebenzi nabaqatjhi. Akukavami ukuba nesidingo sokobana uqatjhe umuntu obandulelwe lokho; nanyana kunjalo ukumsebenzisa lapha kutlhogeka khona kungakubulungela imali. Lokha nakufuneka iseluleko sikasolwazi kungenzeka bona kungabi ngesomuntu obandulelwe ukusebenza ngezepilo, isib. imiraro eminengi ye-MSD, umuntu obandulela ukuqala ukusebenza ngepumelelo kwabantu emsebenzini angalunga, nakunomraro wobulwele besifuba kungabizwa umuntu obandulelwe ukutjheja ukuhlwenga emsebenzini.
2. Ukuhlenga
Nanyana kwenziwe koke ukukhandela bona abantu bangaguli emsebenzini, ziyaba khona izehlakalo lapha umuntu agula khona. Isisusa somraro wezepilo kungenzeka bona akukhambelani nomsebenzi, kodwana imiphumela yakhona kuyafuneka bona ilawulwe. Kuyakghonakala bona umuntu angaqaqambelwa mgogodlha nanyana aba nokugula okukhambelana nokugandeleleka ngokomkhumbulo angakabangelwa msebenzi, kodwana nange asebenzi emsebenzini wokuguga izinto ezibudisi nanyana otlhoga amandla kungenzeka-ke bona umsebenzi ungenza bona ubujamo lobo bukhule. Ukubhalelwa kulawula isiqephu sokugula kungabangela ukugula kwasafuthi begodu nokulahlekelwa sisebenzi esisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ingabe uhlolile bewahlangabezana neendingo zezepilo emsebenzini?
Ukuhlangahlangana komzimba
Ingabe unayo iphakheji yelawulo yeendlela zokukhandela, ukurhubhulula, nokulawula ukulima komzimba, njengokudoseka komsipha kabuhlungu ngebanga lokuguga izinto ezibudisi nanyana ama-WRULD ngebanga lokubuyelebuyelela umsebenzi munye? Iindlela zokukhandela zingakubulungela imali. Ingabe akukghonakali ukukhandela zoke izehlakalo zama-MSD, ukubika amatshwayo msinya, ukulapha ngefanelo nokuhlenga kuqakathekile.
Indlela ephumelelako ukulawula ama-WRULD
Faka phakathi ifundo ehlola ukusebenza ngepumelelo kwabasebenzi emathulusini wakho wokutlama, emitjhinini, eendaweni zokusebenzela kanye neendleleni zokusebenza. Tjheja nokuphungula ukuthuthumela, amandla afunekako begodu nokutjhugulula ubujamo bomzimba.
Qala bona angeze nazombisa imisebenzi omunye enze womunye, ibelo lokusebenza, ukuphumula, nokunikela ngesizo. Tlhogomela khulu lokha ubude besikhathi sokungakavikeleki bungezelela lokha nakusetjenzwa esikhathini esingezelelweko nanyana ngesikhathi kuonomsebenzi omnengi.
Ibhoduluko
Qinisekisa bona lifuthumela begodu kunesikhala, indawo yokuhlala nomkhanyo welanga elilingeneko.
amandla
ukubuyelelabuyelela
ukuhlalisa ubujamo bomzimba kumbi.
Phunga ukungalima emisebenzini lapha kukghonakala khona ngokulwa nabonobangela laba abathathu.
Ukuhlola ngaphambi kokuqatjha
Lokhu kuzokusiza ngokobana kungabekwa abantu emisebenzini ezokukhulisa nanyana ivuse ukugula komzimba nanyana obunye ubujamo.
Ukubeka abantu emsebenzini
Qinisekisa bona imisebenzi engavama ukulimaza abasebenzi ayinikelwa abasebenzi vele ababuthakathaka begodu leyo engavuselela ukulimala ayinikelwa ebakhe baba bongazimbi.
Ukubandulwa kwabasebenzi
Abasebenzi kufuze babe nokubandulwa begodu nemininingwana emhlobeni yokulimala engavama ukwenzeka bese nabonobangela bakho, iindlela eziphaphileko zokuguga (khulukhulu indlela yokujamisa umzimba neendlela zokuthwala) begodu nokutlhogeka kokubika ukulimala.
Itjhejo labasebenzi
Hlala utjheja abasebenzi abasathomako emisebenzini evama ukulimaza nanyana leyo evusa ukulimala, isib. ngemva kweemveke ezine, ukuqinisekisa bona yoke into ikhamba kuhle ngokubekwa kwabo lapho.
Imisebenzi eminengi iveziwe ngehla, kodwana ungahlenga bewutjheje abongazimbi.
Ukuhlola amarekhodo wabasebenzi abalova ngebanga lokugula
Tjheja bona iindlela zokurarulula imiraro zisebenza kuhle
Ukuqinisekisa bona indlela ekulawula ngayo ama-WRULD isebenza, kufuze ihlale itjhejiwe.
Ukulawula ubungozi
Thola bona misebenzi miphi epha ukulimala okukhulu kukuhlatjhwa (isib. ngokuguga izinto) nanyana okuthatha isikhathi eside (isib. ngokusebenzisa umzimba ongaphezulu ngokubuyelelabuyelela)
Hlola imisebenzi le ngokudephileko ukuze uthathe isiqunto sokobana yii ebangela ubungozi.
Sebenzisana ngokuzeleko ngokuzeleko nabajameli beenyunyana zabasebenzi nanyana abanye abajameleli babasebenzi ukuqinisekisa iinsombululo zemiraro ezisebenza kuhle.
