ILUNGELO LOBUNIKAZI NOKONDLIWA KWABANTWANA NGAPHASI KOMTHETHO WESINTU

                     Ngu-Adv Molly Malete
                     Pelo-tshwaana Consultancy CC
                     Ifowuni: 012 661-7473
                     malete@telkomsa.net



                                 


































                                    UMTHETHO WESINTU WENDABUKO
                                            NOVAMILEKO

?	Ngaphambi kokutjhugululwa mThetho womThethosisekelo (ukulingana ngejamo kwabalingani emtjhadweni) kanye nokwAmukelwa komThetho wemiTjhado yesiNtu (ukulingana ngejamo kwemitjhado kanye nabalingani emtjhadweni)
?	UmThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, no 38 ka-1927, isigaba 11(3)(b): Woke umfazi otjhadwe ngokomthetho wesintu (ngaphandle komfazi ose-KZN) sewuhlala anganamalungelo. 

Okutjhiwo MThetho WesiNtu
?	Ijamo lomfazi lilingana nelomntwana
?	Umfazi akanalo ilungelo lokulawula umntwana ngombana kwayena ungaphasi kwelawulo lendodakhe
?	Akakwazi ukwenza iimbopho zomthetho ngaphandle kokusizwa yindodakhe nofana nguyise
?	Akasimphathimalungelo kodwana ungophethweko

Ukusetjenziswa Kwesintu Kulithinte Njani Ilawulo Labantwana?
?	Ngaphasi komThetho wesiNtu ilawulo labantwana kulilungelo elinqopheneko elinikelwa indoda nomndenayo lokha nayithathako.
?	Lokhu kutjho bona indoda nayiqeda ukulobola umkayo, yona nomndenayo bafumana amalungelo azeleko njengababelethi ukulawula abantwana ababelethwe emtjhadweni
?	Ukulawulwa kwabantwana emtjhadweni kusemandleni wendoda ukuya emfazini nomndeni wendoda leyo
?	Ukulawulwa kwabantwana bomntazana osesekhaya kusemandleni kabamkhulu nomndeni womntazana loyo
?	Lokha umntazana loyo nendako, ulawulwa yindodakhe bese abantwabakhe baba ngaphasi kwelawulo lendodakhe nomndeni wekhakwakhe
?	Ukulawulwa kwabantwana ukuya ngokomthetho wesintu ngaleyondlela kusebantwini abaduna kwaphela (kulawulwa ngabaduna ) bese abantwana baba ngebomndeni wendoda
?	Abantwana baba ngaphasi kwelawulo lendoda esikhundleni somndeni wekhabo. 

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwabantwana
?	Akuhlukaniseki ukuya ngokomThetho wesiNtu ukuthi umntwana ubelethwe ngaphandle komtjhado ngombana umntwana akaninwa, wamukeleka ngaso soke isikhathi, angathathwa  abe ngaphasi kwabekhabomkhulu ( abe mntwana wokusala ekhaya/ekhabomkhulu), namkha athath we abe ngaphasi kabekhabo ( bekhabo likayise ) namkha athathwe abe ngaphasi kwabekhabo lendoda ethethe unina, ngokulandela ikulumo ethi  ikomo iragwa nekonyana layo.
?	Kunesidingo sokobana kuhlathululwe umhlobo womtjhado umfazi angena kiwo.

Abantwana Bomfazi (ababelethelwe emtjhadweni nofana ngaphambi komtjhado)
?	Abantwana ababelethelwe emtjhadweni: Baba ngabendoda ethethe umfazi loyo nomndenayo indoda leyo, akuqalwa bona uyise weengazi ngubani.
?	Kulindeleke bonyana indoda yakanina labantwanabo ibamukele njengebayo beyibaphethele koke njengombana ababelethi abanye basenza.

Abantwana Bomhlolokazi
?	Ukuhlongakala kwendoda akuqedi ubuhlobo bomtjhado.
?	Ukwahlukaniswa kwabantwana bomhlolokazi kwenziwa ngalendlela : (i) Abantwana bomngena
?	Ngaphasi komkhuba wokuPhakela, umhlolokazi uragela phambili nokuba ngumakoti wekhakwakhe ngokungenwa ngomunye wabafowabo ovusa umuzi wehloko leya ( umfowabo ongasekho).
?	Umhlolokazi nabantwabakhe baba ngaphasi kwelawulo lomngena. Kanengi umngena kuba ngomunye wabafowabo lehloko leya.

Okutjhiwo Lisiko Lokungena
?	Umndeni wekhabo lehloko leya uzibophelela ekutheni uzokutlhogomela umhlolokazi qobana asaphila, nokobana umngena ambelethise abantwana abanengi ngendlela angakghona ngayo.
?	Abantwana ababelethwe mhlolokazi nomngena bahlala bathathwa bona ngebehloko leya.
?	Ngitjho nemasikweni lapha ukungena kungasalandelwa khona, nakube umhlolokazi ubeletha abantwana, akukhathazeki bonyana uyise ngubani, bahlala bathathwa bonyana ngebehloko leya begodu bamalunga womndenakhe.

Abantwana Ababelethwe Libuya
?	Nakutlhalanwako, abantwana kanengi babekwa ezandleni zekhabo lendoda
?	Imithetho eminengi yesintu ayivumeli umfazi bonyana ende godu khibe usese ngaphasi kwelawulo lekhakwakhe. Kumele abuyele kwabo nakube ufuna ukwenda laphokhunye.
?	Nakube uyenda godu, umfazi obuyileko loyo nakaba sidisi umntwana wendoda yesibili, umntwana loyo uba ngewabo. Ngaleyondlela uba ngaphasi kwelawulo lomndeni wendoda yesibili leyo. Indoda yesibili ngiyo elawula abantwanabo.
?	Nakenda kwesibili, umfazi obuyileko angakhonjelwa yindodakhe yesibili leyo bonyana eze nabantwabakhe (okutjho abantwana ababelethe nakasahlala kwabo ngemva kobana abuye ekwendeni), okuzalisa ikulumo ethi ikomo iragwa namakonyanayo.

Ilungelo Lobunikazi Babantwana Nokulawulwa Kwabo

Abantwana Ababelethelwe Emtjhadweni
     Imihlinzeko yesigaba 11 (3) (b) yokutlhayela komThetho wokuPhathwa izakulawula ubujamo - umfazi uzakuhlala alawulwa begodu indodakhe ngiyo ezamlawula. Imiphumela yesigabesi ingalendlela : Abafazi abanzima abangakatjhadi bazazilawula, abafazi abanzima abatjhade ngomthetho wesikhuwa bazazilawula, kodwana boke abafazi abangaphasi kweminyaka ematjhumi amabili namunye nofana abatjhadwe ngokomthetho wesintu bazakuhlala balawulwa njalo.

Okutjhiwo SiGaba 11 (3) (b)
?	Abafazi abanzima abatjhadwe ngaphasi komthetho wesintu badinywa ijamo lokuzijamela ngebanga lomtjhado ngitjho nanyana sele baneminyaka ematjhumi amabili namunye ukuya ngokomThetho wemiNyaka yobuKhulu
?	Ijamo leli libadima igunya lokuzenzela nokwenzela abantwababo iimbopho zangokomthetho
?	Ngalokho umthetho we-Afrika wesiNtu uyabhalelwa ukwenza bonyana abafazi babe nejamo bebaphathwe ngokulinganako ngokomthetho njengombana kusitjho umThethosisekelo

Okutjhiwo SiGaba 11 (3) (b)
?	Abafazi abanzima abakwazi ukuba ziinhloko zemindeni yabo nokuba balawuli babantwababo ngombana kwabona basalawulwa.
?	Isigabesi ngalokho sikhuthaza ukubandlululwa kwabafazi ngokobulili begodu ngokwenza njalo siphambana nomThethosisekelo.
?	Isigabesi siqinisa umgomo welawulo lamadoda elinikela amadoda kwaphela amandla nelawulo phezu kwepilo kanye nepahla yabafazi bawo.

Isidingo Sokusulwa Nokutjhugululwa Komthetho
?	Ukuthoma ukusebenza kokuTjhejwa komThetho wemiTjhado yesiNtu, 2000
?	Ukutjhejwa kwemitjhado yesintu
?	Ijamo elilinganako lemitjhado
?	Ijamo elilinganako nokuphathwa ngokulinganako kwabalingani emtjhadweni
?	UmThetho wokuLawulwa kwabaNtwana onikela ababelethi bobabili ilawulo labantwana

Amavezandlebe
?	Indoda ithathwa bonyana inguyise labantwanaba begodu ayikwazi ukubalahla. Ngebanga lendlela unina abe sebantwini ngayo nangendlela ababelethe ngayo akubi lula ukubahlukanisa kabanye abantwana bomtjhado.
?	Indoda iba mlawuli nomtlhogomeli, ikatelelekile bonyana ibamukele njengabo boke abanye abantwana ababelethwe emtjhadweni. Bamalunga womndenayo. (Ngwana wa dikgora). Aboyise beengazi babantwanaba abanalungelo phezu kwabo.
?	Kilo lelohlangothi kungena nabantwana bomngena
?	Ngaleyondlela umThetho wesiNtu lapha ukhambisana nesiGaba 8 somThethosisekelo begodu awubandlululi abantwana ngebanga lemvelaphi nokubelethwa kwabo. 

Abantwana Bangaphandle 

	  Bangabekhabomkhulu ( ekhabo likanina ).
	Nakufumaniseka bona unina uyenda, yena nendodakwakhe baba belusi babantwana umfazi abathole asesekhabo. Indoda yomfazi loyo ithola amandla welungelo lokulawula abantwanaba, ngokulandela ikulumo yabadala ethi:  ikomo iragwa nekonyana layo.  Abantwana bangaphandle abahlukaniswa ebantwaneni ababelethelwe emtjhadweni. Ngalokho-ke abantwana bangaphandle ababandlululwa, njengoba vele umThethosisekelo uyakwalela lokho. 




Ilungelo Lobunikazi Babantwana Nokulawulwa Kwabo Ngemva Kokutlhalana 
	Ikambisolawulo eqalelela ubuHle beenRhuluphelo zomNtwana  ifakwe emThethweni wesiNtu njengengcenye yawo lomThetho.       
	Kuvamise ukuthi nakutlhalwanako abantwana basale ekhabo ( emndenini wekhabo likayise ).
	Unina labantwana nakakhambako ekhakwakhe akakhambi nabantwana. ( Phela yena uhlala amntwana, ngalokho-ke naye ngokwakhe usafuna ukweluswa). 
	Nakube unina labantwana uyaphikisana nalekambiso, yena nomelusi wakhe kuzakufuneka bona bammangalele indodakwakhe baveze ukuthi ayikakulungeli ukuthi abantwana bangasala ezandleni zayo. Lokhu-ke kutjho ukuthi soke isikhathi kuhlale kuthathwa ukuthi indoda nabekhabo ngibo ekufuze basale nabantwana indoda nomfazi nabahlukanako. Indoda nabekhabo banelungelo lemvelo lokusala nabantwana. 
	Kokhunye la abantwana bazakusala khona nonina kunyana basamunya. Lesi-ke ngesinye seembonelo la ubuhle beenrhuluphelo zomntwana  kuqalwa zona ntanzi ngaphambi kwamalungelo wemvelo kayise ekulawulweni komntwana. 
	Ngalokho-ke amabandla wesikhethu anikele uyise lomntwana ilungelo lemvelo lokuba mumelusi wabantwana indoda nomfazi nabahlukanako; nje-ke umuntu ophikisana nalokhu kufuze bona aveze ubufakazi bokuthi abantwana bazabe bangekho ezandleni ezifaneleko nange banikelwa uyise nakahlukana nonina. 

Ukuqalelelwa Kobuhle Beenrhuluphelo Zabantwana

	Abantwana abancani abasamunyako bazakunikelwa unina, kodwa ngombandela wokuthi nabakhulako bazakubuyela kuyise. Abantwana ngokwabo abanalo ilungelo lokuzikhethela ukuthi bafuna ukuhlala namuphi umbelethi phakathi kwakayise nonina.                                                                
	Nokho-ke laphokhunye kuqalwa bona eqinisweni ngimuphi umbelethi, hlangana kwendoda nomfazi, ongabelusa ngcono abantwana. 

Kutjho Ukuthini-ke Koke Lokhu ?
	Umthetho wesintu othi indoda ngiyo ephethe umuzi nanje kusasebena wona ekutholeni bona kukuphi la abantwana bazakweluseka khona ngcono phakathi kwakayise nonina, nakuhlukanwako.                                             
	Nakuhlukaniswa umtjhado ( nakutlhalana indoda nomfazi ), ayikho into yokuthi boke abathintekako lapho baphathwa ngokufana. 
	Abantwana akunalitho abangalitjho ngamalungelo wabo, ngalokho-ke neenqunto nazo zithathwa zipharwe phezu kwabo ( bayacatjangelwa ) malungana nokuthi yini okuhle okubalungeleko nokubafaneleko.                

ISIPHETHO                                                                          
	Lokhu-ke kutjho ukuthi umthetho wesintu unemibandela ekhambisana nomThethosisekelo kunye nanomThetho oVuma umTjhado wesiNtu.   Nokho-ke nanyana kunjalo, kodwa ikhona eminye imibandela yomthetho wesintu ephambana nomThethosisekelo. Leyo-ke mibandela ekufuze bona iphikiswe ngokuyiswa ekhotho. Esona sizathu salokhu kukuthi isigatjana 11(3)(b) sona ngokwaso sesasulwa, ngalokho-ke nanyana ngikuphi ukungalingana ngejamo hlangana kwabantu abaduna nabantu besifazi akukwazi ukusolo kuragela phambili, ngoba akunasisekelo. 



