Ipilwami, umsebenzami, umsebenzami ophephileko
IHlangano yeenTjhabatjhaba yabaSebenzi (i-ILO) ihlathulula umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko njengomsebenzi oba namakhakhazela amahle ngaphasi kobujamo bekululeko, bokulingana, bokuvikeleka nebokuhlonipheka begodu iwuhlathulula njengomsebenzi lapho amalungelo wabasebenzi avikeleke khona nalapho abasebenzi babhadalwa khona imirholo elingeneko bebabonelelwe ngokwezehlalakuhle.
Umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko ubonisa itjisakalo yabobaba nabomma ndawo zoke yokufumana umsebenzi onamakhakhazela amahle ngaphasi kobujamo bekululeko, bokulingana, bokuphepha nebokuhlonipheka komuntu. Ufaka hlangana ukuhlonitjhwa kwamalungelo asisekelo, ukufumaneka komsebenzi, ubujamo bokusebenza obuphephileko nebunepilo, kanye nokuvikelwa ngokwehlaliswano.
Umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko ubonakala ngeengcenye ezilandelako:
Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo
Ukubonelelwa ngokwezehlalakuhle
kwezehlalakuhle.
Umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko uthuthukiswa ngokuqatjhwa, ngokuvikelwa kwehlalakuhle, ngamazinga nangeenkambisolawulo ezisisekelo kanye namalungelo emsebenzini, nangekulumo-pendulwano yehlalakuhle.
Umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko awufaki isandla esiqakathekileko kwaphela etuthukweni ebambelelako, kodwana ulihlangothi elisisekelo lekhwalithi yepilo.
Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo
Lokhu kungaphunyeleliswa ngokutjheja okulandelako:
Ikululeko yokuhlanganyela kanye nokwamukelwa ngepumelelo kwelungelo
lokukhulumisana ngokuhlanganyela
Ukuqedwa kwemihlobo yoke yokusebenza ngokukatelelwa
Ukupheliswa ngepumelelo kokuqatjhwa kwabantwana
Ukuqedwa kwebandlululo malungana nokuqatjhwa neenkhundla.
Ngokuvuma ngokusemthethweni ukukhambisana nesiVumelwano se-182 se-ILO, iSewula Afrika begade izibophelela ekuthatheni amagadango wokuvimbela nokuqeda imihlobo emimbi khulu yokuqatjhwa kwabantwana.
Ukuvikelwa kwehlalakuhle
Kufuneka bonyana sakhe imithethokambiso, sihlome nanyana siqinise imithetho, amagadango wokuphatha, izakhiwo nezenzo ukwenzela bonyana sikwazi ukuphatha ngepumelelo ifudukomsebenzi.
Ifaka hlangana yoke imihlobo yekulumiswano, ukuthintana nanyana ukwabelana ngelwazi kwabajameli bemibuso, abaqatjhi kanye nabasebenzi, mayelana neendaba abanekareko elifanako kizo, okuziindaba eziphathelene nomthethokambiso wezomnotho nehlalakuhle. Ingaba khona njengendlelakambiso efaka hlangana iinhlangano ezintathu, lapho umbuso ungena khona njengehlangano esemthethweni malungana nekulumo-pendulwano nanyana ingamumatha isikhozi seenhlangano ezimbili kwaphela. Ikulumo-pendulwano ingaba phakathi kwabasebenzi nabaphathi (nanyana ibe phakathi kweenhlangano ezilwela amalungelo wabasebenzi kanye neenhlangano ezijamele abaqatjhi), umbuso ungazibandakanya ngokunqophileko nanyana ngokungakanqophi. Ukukhulumisana kungenzeka ngendlela engakahleleki nanyana kwenziwe indlelapilo ekufuze kusetjenzwe ngayo, begodu esikhathini esinengi kuhlanganisa lokhu kokubili. Kungenzeka ezingeni lombuso wenarha, ezingeni lesifunda nanyana ezingeni lerhwebo. Ukukhulumisana kungaba phakathi kwemisebenzi yobukghwari, iinkoro nanyana kuhlanganise koke lokhu.
Umnqopho omkhulu wekulumo-pendulwano yezehlalakuhle ngokwayo kuthuthukisa ukuvumelana kanye nokuzibandakanya ngokwedemokhrasi kwababambisani abakhulu emkhakheni wezemisebenzi. Izakhiwo neendlelakambiso eziphumelelako zekulumo-pendulwano yezehlalakuhle zinamandla wokurarulula iindaba eziqakathekileko zomnotho nehlalakuhle, wokugqugquzela ukubusa ngefanelo, wokuthuthukisa ukuthula nokunzinza komphakathi namabubulo kanye nokukhuphula ituthuko yezomnotho.
Ingabe ungawufikelela njani umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko
Ifundo nebandulo zililungelo lomunye nomunye umuntu. Ukuthwasiselwa umsebenzi kusisetjenziswa sezomnotho esiyingcenye yemithethokambiso yokuqatjhwa neyamaqhinga wamarhwebo aphathelene nesilinganiso sokuphumelela komsebenzi owenziwako kanye nokuphalisana. Malungana naleyo indlelambono, ukubandulwa kuyinto umbuso nabaqatjhi abanekareko kiyo. Ilungelo lokuthwasiselwa umsebenzi alisizi kwaphela ekubeni negalelo elihle emsebenzini osezingeni eliphezulu, kodwana lisisetjenziswa esisisekelo esakha amaphilo wabantu ngokwefundo, lisisetjenziswa sokufumana ilwazi elinabileko, sokwaneliseka ngepumelelo kanye nokuthuthuka komuntu ngokwakhe. Begodu ngokuthuthuka kwabantu, kuthuthuka umphakathi woke.
Akusakghonakali ukufikelela emazingeni aphezulu wesilinganiso sokuphumelela komsebenzi owenziwako, wokuphalisana kanye newekhwalithi ngokusebenzisa indlela yebandulo enomkhawulo. Begodu inzuzo yokuphalisana malungana nokuba nabasebenzi abaneemfanelo-fundo iyame emandleni wenarha wokugcina abantu ebabandulileko begodu ibanikele imisebenzi elingeneko emisebenzini ekhiqizako, ngombana nakungasinjalo umzamo owenziweko angeze wasiza ngalitho begodu ungatjharaganisa izinto.
Kuyafuneka ukubandulwa kodwana ukuze abantu bazuze ngokomnotho malungana nebandulo abalifumeneko, kufuze bonyana baphiwe imisebenzi esezingeni elifaneleko. Begodu ukuthwasiselwa umsebenzi kwenza bonyana umuntu akwazi ukufikelela emnqopheni wakhe wokufumana umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko. Ukuthuthukisa ukulingana kobulili emsebenzini kungalinganiswa nesenzo sokubandula abomma bonyana bakwazi ukuqatjhwa, ukwenzela bonyana nabo bakwazi ukufumana imisebenzi esezingeni elifaneleko.
Ngokurhunyeziweko, umnqopho womsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko ukhonjiswa kuhle ngalokho abantu abakubonako. Uphathelene nemisebenzi kanye namakhakhazela wangomuso; nobujamo esisebenza ngaphasi kwabo; nokulinganisa ipilo yemsebenzini nepilo yemndenini, ukuthumela abantwana bethu esikolweni nanyana ukubakhupha emsebenzini. Uphathelene nokulingana kobulili, ukuhlonitjhwa ngokulinganako, kanye nokukghonakalisa abomma bonyana bakwazi ukuzikhethela abakufunako begodu bakwazi ukuzilawulela amaphilo wabo. Uphathelene namakghono wethu esinawo wokuphalisana endaweni yemakethe, ukukhambisana namakghono amatjha wetheknoloji nokuhlala uphilile.
Uphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwamakghono wethu wokuzisungulela amabhizinisi, uphathelene nokufumana isabelo esifaneleko somnotho nawe ofake isandla kiwo nawakhiwako begodu nokungabandlululwa, uphathelene nokuba nelizwi eendaweni zethu zemisebenzi kanye nemiphakathini yethu. Begodu ebujameni obumbi khulu uphathelene nokubalekela ukusebenzela ukuziphilisa kodwana ukusebenzela ukuba khona. Ebantwini abanengi, uyindlela eqakathekileko yokubakhupha emtlhagweni. Begodu ebantwini abanye abanengi, uphathelene nokuphunyeleliswa kweenkanuko zabo zaqobe lilanga kanye nokusekelana nabanye abantu. Begodu kizo zoke iindawo, nakomunye nomunye umuntu, umsebenzi osezingeni elifaneleko uphathelene nokuvikelwa kwesithunzi somuntu.
Umsebenzi ophephileko
UmThetho wezamaPhilo nokuPhepha emSebenzini, wama-85 ka-1993, wenza isiqiniseko sokobana umsebenzi ophephileko utholakala ngokusebenzisa iinjamiso ezahlukeneko.
Akukafaneli bonyana umsebenzi azifumane akinanyana ngibuphi ubujamo obunengozi lokha nakasebenzako. Malungana nalokho umThetho uthi: "Omunye nomunye umqatjhi kufuze abonelele begodu agcine, ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo, ibhoduluko lomsebenzi eliphephileko begodu elinganangozi emaphilweni wabasebenzi bakhe." Kusepepeneneni bonyana umqatjhi ukateleleke ngokomthetho bonyana aqalelele umsebenzi wakhe ngobujamo bokusebenza obuphephileko. UmThetho azange wenze bonyana umqatjhi azicabangele yena ngokwakhe malungana nalokhu kodwana umnikele imihlahlandlela yalokho ekufuze akwenze ngaphasi kwesigaba 8(2) esifundeka ngalendlela:
Ngaphandle kokunyaza imisebenzi ejayelekileko yomqatjhi ewela ngaphasi kwesigatjana (1), iindaba ekuqaliswe kizo imisebenzi leyo zifaka hlangana khulukhulu iimbopho ezilandelako:
Bonelela begodu ugcine amarherho womsebenzi, imakhiwo kanye nemitjhini yokusebenza, ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo, ephephileko nenganazo iingozi epilweni.
Thatha amagadango anjalo ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo ukususa nanyana ukuphungula nanyana ngiyiphi ingozi nanyana ingozi engahle ibe khona malungana nokuphepha kanye namaphilo wabasebenzi, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ngokudanela iinsetjenziswa ezivikelako.
Yenza amalungiselelo wokuqinisekisa, ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo, bonyana kuba khona ukuphepha begodu akubi khona iingozi emaphilweni malungana nokukhiqiza, indlelakambiso yokukhiqiza, ukusebenzisa, ukubulunga nanyana ukuthuthwa kwezinto.
Funisisa, ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo, bonyana ngiziphi iingozi eziphathelene namaphilo nanyana ukuphepha kwabantu ezithintana nanyana ngiwuphi umsebenzi owenziwako, nanyana ngiyiphi into ekhiqizwako, ekhanjiswa bukhiqizwa, esetjenziswako, ephathwako, ebulungwako nanyana ethuthwako nanyana eminye neminye imakhiwo nanyana imitjhini esetjenziswa ebhizinisini, begodu, ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo, funisisa bonyana ngiwaphi amagadango wokukhandela ingozi ekufuze athathwe malungana nomsebenzi onjalo, into enjalo, imakhiwo nanyana imitjhini enjalo ukuvikela amaphilo nokuphepha kwabantu, begodu kufuze ubonelele ngeendlela ezifunekako ukusebenzisa amagadango anjalo wokukhandela ingozi.
Bonelela ngelwazi, ngemilayo, ngebandulo kanye netlhogomelo ngendlela elingadingeka ngayo ukuqinisekisa, ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo, zamaphilo nokuphepha emsebenzini kwabasebenzi bakho.
Ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo, ungavumeli nanyana ngimuphi umsebenzi bonyana enze nanyana ngiwuphi umsebenzi wokukhiqiza, wokukhambisa bukhiqiza, wokusebenzisa, wokuphatha, wokubulunga nanyana wokuthutha nanyana ngiyiphi into nanyana ukusebenzisa nanyana ngiyiphi imakhiwo nanyana imitjhini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amagadango wokuphepha acatjangwe endimeni (b) no-(d), nanyana ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanye amagadango wokuphepha angajanyiswa.
Thatha woke amagadango afunekako ukuqinisekisa bonyana omunye nomunye umuntu omqatjhileko nanyana osemaqabazini angaphasi kwelawulo lakho lapho kusetjenziswa khona imakhiwo nanyana imitjhini ukhambisana neemfuneko zalomThetho.
Katelela ukusetjenziswa kwamagadango anjalo ngendlela ekungafuneka ngayo ukuthuthukisa zamaphilo nokuphepha.
Qinisekisa bonyana umsebenzi uyenziwa nokobana imakhiwo kanye nemitjhini isetjenziswa ngaphasi kwetlhogomelo lomuntu obandulelwe ukuzwisisa iingozi ezihlobene nomsebenzi lowo begodu onegunya lokuqinisekisa bonyana amagadango wokuphepha athathwa mqatjhi ayaphunyeleliswa.
Yenza bonyana boke abasebenzi bafumana ilwazi malungana nesilinganiso segunya labo njengombana kucatjangwe esigabeni 37(1)(b) somThetho.
Begodu umThetho uyatjheja bonyana umsebenzi ophephileko kufuze ube mzamo owenziwa mqatjhi kanye nomsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela; kungebanga lalokho uhlathulula ngokuzeleko imisebenzi yomsebenzi lokha nakasemsebenzini ngendlela elandelako:
Lokha nakasemsebenzini, omunye nomunye umsebenzi:
Uzakutjheja ngokufaneleko ipilo nokuphepha kwakhe nekwabanye abantu abangalinyazwa zizenzo zakhe nanyana kungenziwa kokuthile
Malungana nanyana ngiwuphi umsebenzi nanyana ifuneko umqatjhakhe nanyana ngimuphi omunye umuntu ayibekelwe ngilomThetho, uzakusebenzisana nomqatjhi nanyana umuntu onjalo ukwenzela bonyana umsebenzi nanyana ifuneko leyo yenziwe nanyana kukhanjisanwe nayo
Uzakwenza nanyana ngiliphi ilayelo elisemthethweni anikelwe lona, begodu ahloniphe imithetho yezamaphilo nokuphepha kanye neenkambiso ezibekwe mqatjhakhe nanyana omunye nomunye umuntu ogunyazwe mqatjhakhe, ngomnqopho wokuthuthukisa zamaphilo nanyana zokuphepha
Nakaziswa ngobujamo obungakaphephi nanyana obunganapilo, uzakubikela ngaphandle kokumorosa isikhathi umqatjhakhe nanyana umjamelakhe wezamaphilo nokuphepha endaweni nanyana ephikweni lakhe lomsebenzi ngobujamo obunjalo, nanyana ngikuphi okungaba liqiniso, begodu umjameli loyo kuzakufuneka bonyana abikele umqatjhi
Nakabandakanyeka engozini enye nenye engaba nomthelela omumbi epilwenakhe nanyana ebangele bonyana alimale, uzakubikela umqatjhakhe ngesehlakalo esinjalo nanyana abikele omunye nomunye umuntu ogunyazwe mqatjhakhe, nanyana umjamelakhe wezamaphilo nokuphepha, msinyana ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo. Kodwana lokho kufuze kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuphela kwetjhifu leyo yokwenzeka kwesehlakalo esinjalo, ngaphandle kwalokha nangabe bengeze kwakghonakala ukubika isehlakalweso khatheso. Kodwana nanyana kunjalo isehlakalweso kufuze sibikwe msinyana ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo ngemva kwalokho.
Imiphumela ye-HIV ne-AIDS ifaka hlangana, ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokuphumelela komsebenzi owenziwako, iindleko ezingeziweko zeenzuzo zabasebenzi, iindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza kanye nommoya wokungabi nomdlandla ngenca yokugula kwestafu isikhathi eside, ukwanda kokulova kanenginengi kanye nokwanda kweenlinganiso zabahlongakalako. Begodu lokhu, kuba negalelo elimbi khulu emnothweni wenarha ngombana kukhambisa kabuthaka ukukhula kwezomnotho begodu kuba nabantu abambalwa abakhutheleko kwezomnotho abafaka isandla emnothweni.
Umthetho njengombana umunyethwe mThetho wokuLingana emSebenzini (i-EEA) uvimbela ukuqotjhwa kwabasebenzi ngenca yobujamo be-HIV ne-AIDS bomsebenzi. Begodu ukuya phambili umThetho uvimbela ukuhlola abasebenzi ngaphandle kokuthola igunya leKhotho yabaSebenzi ntangi.
Iingcenye ezisemthethweni zomthethokambiso weKhowudi ngilezi ezilandelako:
Ukuqeda ibandlululo elingakafaneli kanye nokuthuthukisa indawo yomsebenzi
engabandlululiko
Ukuhlola ukugodlwa kwelwazi eliyifihlo kanye nokuveza ifihlo
Ukuthuthukisa ibhoduluko lomsebenzi eliphephileko
Iinzuzo zabasebenzi
Ukuqotjhwa kanye neenghonghoyilo.
Iinkambisolawulo ezinomthelela ependulweni emumethe koke okufunekako malungana
Ukuphunyeleliswa kwemihlahlandlela.
Imisebenzi yokuyelelisa
Ukufundisana kwabangani
Ukubandulwa kwabanye abasebenzi abayisika
