IQHINGA MAZOMBE LEZELIMO ESEWULA AFRIKA
Ligadangiswe belakhutjhwa mNyango wezeLimo
Okumumethweko
Irhelo lamagama
Isethulo
Umbiko womnqopho
Isingeniso
Ubujamo obuliqiniso ngezelimo eSewula Afrika
Iinselela zekoro
Amaqhinga aphambili
Ukufikeleleka ngokulinganako begodu neqhinga lokuzibandakanya
Ukuphathwa kwemithombo ngokudzimeleleko
Amaqhinga wokungezelela
Ukulawula okulungileko
Ukuthuthuka okudzimeleleko nokuhlangeneko kweendawo zemakhaya
Ilwazi nemiqondo emitjha
Ukusebenzisana kweentjhabatjhaba
Zokuphepha nokuvikeleka
Ukufezekisa iqhinga mazombe
IRHELO LAMAGAMA
SPS - ihlelo lokuqinisekisa bona iintjalo neenlwana ezibuya eenarheni zangaphandle azinamalwelwe namkha iinunwana ezingafunekiko
SRDS - iQhinga eliHlangeneko neliDzimeleleko leTuthuko yemaKhaya
R&D - iRhubhululo neTuthuko
FAO - iHlangano yePhasi yezeLimo nokuDla
SANDF - amaJoni wesiTjhaba wezokuVikela weSewula Afrika
USA - imiBuso eHlangeneko ye-Amerika
Iqhinga mazombe lekoro yezelimo liqakatheke khulu ngombana limphumela wombuso nebubulo. Ngakho-ke ngithanda ukuzwakalisa ukuthokoza kwami nokuthaba kuMongameli, uNomzana Thabo Mbeki, ngoburholi bakhe nakazakumema abajameli bebubulo beAgri SA kanye neYuniyoni yesiTjhaba yabaLimi beAfrika ukujoyina umbuso ekutlameni indlela ethileko yokucabanga lapho umbuso nekoro bazakubophelela imizamo yabo nemithombo ekufezekisweni kwayo.
Imiphumela yesebenziswano kukobana umbuso nekoro kwanje babelana ngendlela yinye eendabeni zekoro; bangakha isebenziswano ngomleyo munye; bazakwabelana ngomthwalo wokunikelwa amandla kwabanzima ngakwezomnotho godu nokuqinisa inzuzo emabubulweni wezelimo ngesikhathi sinye; begodu ukusukela kwanje babe nemilayezo ejayelekileko engadluliselwa emphakathini, ekorweni, enarheni yekhethu, nenarhakazi ye-Afrika kanye nephasini.
Umbono wekoro yezokulima ehlangeneko, engabandlululiko ngokombala neragela phambili, uyame eenhlosweni ezintathu zamazombe zokufikelela nokuzibandakanya, ukuphalisana nokwenza inzuzo begodu nokuphathwa kwemithombo ngokudzimeleleko. Lo mbono wesikhathi eside ozakulandelelwa esikhathini esinengi saleminyaka khulu ukuletha ihlelo elitjha, elihlukileko nelikhulu lezelimo kileli elikhona.
Lekoro etjha eqaliweko izakwenziwa bona idlale indima ekulu yezomlando ekunikeleni ukudla nemikhiqizo yezelimo nemisebenzi enarheni yekhethu, enarhakazini yethu kanye nephasini. Ukufikelela lapha, umNyango wezeLimo ufanise izenzo ezihlongozwako okufanele zenziwe mbuso, begodu ufake lezo ezikhambelanako eqhingeni lawo leminyaka emithathu ezako. UmNyango godu ufaka izenzo ezihlongozwako ezifanako emaqhingeni wawo wokusebenza wonyaka webhizinisi ukusukela ngo 2002 ukuya phambili.
Ezingeni lemibuso eminengi, umnyango ukhulumisana begodu uzakuragela phambili nokukhulumisana nemiNyango yezeLimo yamaphrovinsi kanye neenhlangano zelimo zomphakathi, ukuthatha iqhinga mazombe lekoro njengomleyo womthethomgomo ekutlameni amaqhinga wayo wokusebenza wamazombe newebhizinisi.
Ezingeni lombuso lesitjhaba, umNyango ubeke iqhinga mazombe lekoro eendabeni eziphambili zeHlelo eliHlangeneko leKhabhinethi ukuthola isekelo keminye iminyango khona kuzakufezekiswa iqhinga ngepumelelo. UmNyango uzakubawa isekelo lekhabhinethi bewufake izenzo ezihlongozwako eMleyweni weQhinga lesiKhathi esiLingeneko lomBuso ekufakweni eMleyweni wokusetjenziswa kweeMali wesiKhathi esiLingeneko.
Kwangalesisikhathi, umNyango ubeka kuhle ibhajethi yawo khona uzakuthola iimali ekurageni iqhinga mazombe lekoro enarheni, kufaka iPalamende, amaphrovinsi, imibuso yabomaziphathe beendawo, amabubulo wezelimo kanye neehlangano zomphakathi. Ekufikeni lapha, umNyango uzakuthembela ebalinganini bawo ukufaka isandla nokurhola eendaweni ezifaneleko.
Ukusebenzisana nesiQhema esiSebenzako kube sisenzo esinerhelebho khulu komunye nomunye walamalunga alandelako:
Ngilulela ukuthokoza kwami godu kuPhrofesa Johann Kirsten weYunivesithi yePitori ngokukhupha imitlamo elandelanako yalomtlolo emanothini wokubonisana nemilayo yesiQhema esiSebenzako. Ukubala okukhethekileko nokuthokoza kuya Ina Goosen ngokukhambelanisa imihlangano nokuhlela iimbuyisamathe, kanye noSimon Malepeng ngokuthatha amanothi.
Umbiko womnqopho
Zelimo, ezifaka yoke imisebenzi yezomnotho ekunikelweni kokufaka isandla kwezelimo, zelimo nokungezelela ubungako, kuzakuhlala kuyikoro ekulu emnothweni weSewula Afrika nangaphandle kwesabelo sawo esibunqopha esincani emkhiqizweni woke wenarha (GDP).
Zelimo zinikela ngokudla nefayibha ukuhlangabezana neendingo ezimbili zomuntu ezisisekelo. Zihlangabezana ngepumelelo naleziindingo ngokwanda komkhiqizo lokha isitjhaba senarha le khabe siziingidi ezine ngokuthoma kweminyaka khulu yamatjhumi amabili ukuya eengidini ezimatjhumi amane zagadesi. Abasebenzi bemaplasini, abalimi nemindeni yabo nayo ifaka isandla emnothweni lokha nabasebenzisa imirholo yabo ezintweni nemisebenzini, namkha nabathenga izinto zokufaka isandla emkhiqizweni ngesikhathi sonyaka esizako. Ngalendlela zelimo ziba sisekelo sokukhula netuthuko. Ithonyo lazo kezomnotho litjengiswa ziinkhukhula zamuva nje ezamotjha amanye amahlangothi wephrovinsi yeTlhagwini kanye neMpumalanga ngoFebherbari ka 2000, lapho umkhiqizo woke wenarha wehla ngephesente linye.
Zelimo ezisisekelo zinokuziphendulela okumaphesente angu-4,5 womkhiqizo woke wenarha yeSewula Afrika kuthi zelimo zokudla ezihlangahlangeneko zinokuziphendulela okumaphesente alithoba. Pheze kunabalimi abama 50 000 abakhulu abalima ngokwenza imali ubunengi babo obubuya esitjhabeni esimhlophe, kodwana ingasi sona sodwa kuphela. Ngo-2000 bathengisa iimpahla eziphumako ezingaba mabhiliyoni ali-16 weempahla, namkha amaphasente ali-10 wepahla ephumako iphelelele. Abasebenzi abanengi bemaplasini bahlala emaplasini wokwenza imali nabantwana abathola ifundo yabo eenkolweni zemaplasini. Ngakho-ke amaplasi wokungenisa imali anikela ngepilo nezindlu emalungwini wemindeni yemaplasini eziingidi ezisithandathu zabasebenzi abasigidi sinye begodu nokunikela ngeendingo zabo kezefundo.
Kunamaplasi amancani aziinkulungwana ezima-240 aphilisa amalunga asigidi wemindeni nokuqatjhwa kwesikhatjhana kabanye abantu abaziinkulungwana ezimakhulu amahlanu. Basekela iimakethe zekhaya nezeemfunda lapho imbalo enengi yabathengisi abangakahlelwa kuhle iziphilisa khona. Ukudlula lapho, kunabalimi abaziingidi ezintathu, ubunengi babo abaseendaweni zokuhlala ezisendaweni ekhabe zaziwa ngezabelo, abakhiqiza ukudla khulukhulu ukuhlangabezana neendingo zemindeni yabo.
Kokugcina, imisebenzi yokukhiqiza neyomphakathi yamadorobha wethu wemakhaya namasentha wemisebenzi yenzeka khulu esekelweni labo lezelimo elisisekelo kanye nemisebenzini ekhambelanako efana nezokuvakatjha, zelimo kanye nokufuywa kweenyamazana. Ngaphezu kwesiquntu samaphrovinsi kanye pheze namaphesente ama-40 wesitjhaba senarha yoke ngakho-ke athembele khulu kezelimo kanye neenkorweni ezikhambelanako.
Ngebanga lendima eqakatheke khulu yekoro yezelimo, uMongameli Thabo Mbeki ubone kuqakathekile ukubakhona kwemihlangano yangamalanga nesiqhema esisebenzako esibuya kezelimo ezihlelweko ukubeka iindingo zekoro nobujamo mayelana neendaba zesitjhaba. Ngesikhathi seminye yalemihlangano ngoMatjhi ka 2001 uMongameli wabikelwa bona ikoro yayitshwenywa ziinliyo zemithethomgomo kanye neenliyo zesikhungo eziyikhandelako ekusebenzeni ngokwaneleko, begodu ngakho-ke ifake isandla ngokwezinga eliphezulu eminqopheni yenarha yokukhula, ukuphalisana nokulingana. UMongameli wabawa abadlalindima abahlukeneko bona bathole indlela engasebenza nqazombili nenganikela itjhejo elaneleko ekuhlanganiseni nekukhuliseni ikoro. Wathi lombono ofanako kufanele ube neminqopho, imithethomgomo nezenzo ezizakurholela ekukhuleni netuthukweni yamambala kibo boke abadlalindima ekorweni.
Lomtlolo ubeka kucace iqhinga lendlela mazombe kezelimo zeSewula Afrika begodu ufaka nesandla ekuphileni kuhle kwamaSewula Afrika woke. Watlanywa endlelenikambiso yokubonisana nabadlalindima abahlukeneko basebenzisani mazombe, esingabala iYuniyoni yesiTjhaba yabaLimi be-Afrika, i-Agri SA kanye nomNyango wezeLimo. Iqhinga mazombe lekoro lineminqopho elandelako:
ukwakha umbono kawoke woke kubadlalindima abaqakathekileko ukutlama nokufezakalisa umleyo mazombe ukuhlahla umthethomgomo nokufezakalisa kusasa ukutjheja iindaba eziqalela phasi ithemba labatjali mmali begodu nokwakha ukuzwisisana okungcono nobudlelwana bomphakathi obuhle ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela okungezelelweko godu nokuzibandakanya ekorweni ngeenkambiso zokunikela amandla ngakwezomnotho ezihlelwe kuhle namahlelo.
ukuhlanganisa, ukwabelana nokwenza imithombo ifikelele ezingeni eliphezulu nenzuzo hlangana nabalingani.
ukukhulisa iphaliswano ephasini, ukukhula nengeniso mali ekorweni khona kuzakudoswa amasiso amatjha weemali.
ukuqinisekisa ituthuko edzimeleleko.
ukwakha isikhozi esizakuhlala isikhathi eside hlangana nabadlalindima bomphakathi, bangeqadi, umphakathi kanye neenhlangano okungasizo zombuso.
Umbono wekoro yezelimo:
Yikoro ehlangeneko nenepumelelo yezelimo
Lombono utjho ukudlala indima okudzimeleleko emnothweni wezelimo weSewula Afrika badlalindima boke, kubonwe isidingo sokubeka ebujameni okungibo nokungezelela umkhiqizo wengenisomali, ukwakha ukuphalisana ephasini begodu nokulungisa ubutjhapho bezomlando nokutjhigamela ehlangothini elithileko okuba nomphumela wokufikelela okugasikuhle nobujameli.
Ukusekela lombono wezelimo, umnqopho omkhulu weqhinga mazombe kuzakuba yihloso mazombe elandelako:
Ukwakha ukufikeleleka okulinganako nokudlala indima ekuphalisaneni kwephasi, ekungeniseni imali nekorweni yezelimo edzimeleleko efaka isandla epilweni engcono kibo boke abantu".
Umbono unikela isithombe esicacileko lapho zelimo zeSewula Afrika zifuna ukuba sesikhathini eside. Isiliyo esikhulu ekufezakalisweni ngepumelelo kwaleliqhinga kungakarhujululwa okukhulu kwekghono elitholakala ebantwini nemithonjeni yezinto, begodu nengenisomali ephasi nephaliswano eliliya ukuzibandakanya kwabantu abanengi neenhlangano zomnotho. Umraro ubonakala emirarwaneni eminengi emincani – omunye nomunye uneenselela zawo.
UKULIYWA KWEPHALISWANO NENZUZO EPHASI
Iintjengiso ngezokuthi ikoro yezelimo eSewula Afrika iphendula kuhle eseleleni yokwandisa ukuphalisana. Kodwana, kunobufakazi godu bona ezinye iinkorwana zelimo nemisebenzi yokwandisa inani azinaphaliswano emakethe yekhayapha kanye neyeentjhabatjhaba. Lokhu kubangwa zizinto ezinengi, okufaka hlangana amanani aphezulu wokufakwako kuhlangana nomkhiqizo ophasi, amaqhinga webhizinisi aphasi ngokwezinga namakghono aphasi, begodu nemikghwa engakalungi yokurhwebelana baphalisani nathi, njll. Ukutlhogakala kwephaliswano ephasini nakho kurholela enzuzweni ephasi kanye nebujameni obuphasi benzuzo ekorweni, godu okunokuziphendulela emasisweni aphasi kwamanye amabubulo. Lokhu kuyiselela ekulu okufuneka bona ilungiswe ukubeka zelimo ezingeni eliphezulu endleleni ekulu yokukhula eqaliweko.
UKUDLALA INDIMA OKUNGASIKUHLE
Ngebanga lomphumela wokutjhiya ngeqadi godu nebandlululo kezelimo eSewula Afrika, iselela gadesi kukhuphula ukuzibandakanya kiwo woke amahlangothi wekoro begodu nokususa kanye zoke iinkhandeli zokungena ezitholakala emlandweni wokubili lokhu. Iselela ikakhulukazi ekufaniseni amahlelo azakukhuthaza abatjha abasangenako - abanzima nabamhlophe; abancani nabadala; ababobaba nabomma; amabhizinisi amakhulu namancani ukungena ekorweni. Kuqakathekile ukuthola iindlela zokuqinisekisa bona woke amahlangothi wekoro kwamambala azizwa begodu azithola amalunga wehlangano yinye.
ITHEMBA ELIPHASI LABATJALI -MALI KEZELIMO
Ithemba elincani labatjali-mali kezelimo libangwa yimbuyekezo encani kanye nemiraro yambala neyezomnotho emimbi enomphumela ekusisweni kweemali nemkhiqizweni njengokubulawa umlandelande kwabalimi, ukuqothwa emaplasini nokuhlala enarheni ngokungasimthetho. Ithemba labatjali mmali liyatlhogeka ukufikelela ikoro yezelimo ezele amajadu nekhulako.
AMAHLELO WESEKELO, NAMARHEMO WOKUPHAKELWA KWEMISEBENZI ANGAKANELI, ANGASEBENZI KUHLE BEGODU NATJHAPHAKO
Ukungabikhona kokulethwa nokufezekiswa kwamagadango amahlukeneko wombuso, imithetjhwana namahlelo kanye namahlelo wesekelo angasebenziko – woke aqakathekileko ekuqinisekiseni ibhoduluko lokukghonakalisa kezelimo – abumba ukukhathazeka okukhulu begodu neselela kiwo woke ama-ejensi wombuso asekela ikoro yezelimo. Amahlangothi afaka isandla kilomraro kuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi ethileko, imithombo enganeliko, ukubusa okungasi kuhle kanye nokuziphendulela kanye neenqunto zesigungu ezingakaqini nokuriyada ekuthathweni kweenqunto.
UKUPHATHWA OKUNGASIKUHLE NOKUNGAKADZIMELELI KWEMITHOMBO YEMVELO
Inarha engakasetjenziswa ethembisa khulu nelingeneko ayisiyinengi eSewula Afrika begodu kuneqintelo ngokukhuliswa buthabalala kwemikhiqizo yezelimo. Ukungezelela, umthangalasisekelo nemisebenzi yokusekela ukusetjenziswa ngokudzimeleleko kwenarha akukaneli. Amahlelo wombuso (isibonelo, ukuTlhogonyelwa kweNarha nokuSebenzela Amanzi) ekuhloswe ngawo ukuvikela isisekelo semithombo iyaphumelela kodwana ayikaneli. Ukonakala kwenarha kuhlala kumraro eenarheni ezihle nezingakavundi. Ngokwanda kwegandeleleko kezelimo ukungezelela umkhiqizo kenye nenye iyunthi yenarha, kuyiselela ekulu ukuqinisekisa bona lokhu akwenzeki ngokonakalisa isisekelo semithombo yemvelo.
Ekulungiseni iinselela nekufikeleleni umbono, iqhinga mazombe lizakuba neendlela ezintathu, okuku:
qinisa ukufikeleleka ngokulingana nokuzibandakanya ekorweni yezelimo thuthukisa iphaliswano ephasini kanye nenzuzo qinisekisa ukuphathwa kwemithombo okudzimeleko
Ezinye izinto ezilihlangothi lamaqhinga ammongo ziyarhelebha begodu zifaka isandla ekwakheni nekubuyiseleni ithemba kezelimo. Nasikhumbula lokhu, iindlela zokwenza ezilandelako zokusekela nokukghonakalisa ziqakathekile, ezikhamba buthabalala eendleleni ezimmongo, zitholakele:
ukuphatha okuhle ituthuko ehlangeneko nedzimeleleko yemakhaya ilwazi nemiqondo emitjha isebenziswano leentjhabatjhaba ukuphepha nokuvikeleka
Leziindlela mazombe zeminqopho ebukako ziqakatheke khulu ngombana zinikela ngesisekelo esiqakathekileko ngaphandle kwaso ihloso mazombe yezelimo eziphalisanako, ezifaka woke umuntu nezidzimeleleko zingasoze zafikelelwa. Godu zigandelela ukuzijamela kwekoro ekusekeleni eminye iminyango eminengi yombuso namabubulo.
Umbono wekoro yezelimo ehlangeneko nephumelelako ufuna abalingani babe namaqhinga wokwenza, iintjengisi zokwenza eziqakathekileko, amazinga wokulethwa kwemisebenzi, amahlelo wokwalusa nokulinganisa kanye neenkhathi ezibekiweko khona kuzakufikelelwa iinhloso zeqhinga mazombe lekoro. Godu kufuneka bona umbuso wenze izinto ngokwehluka- ngebelo elikhulu begodu nokurhaba kanye nangokusebenzisana nabalimi, amabhizinisi wezelimo, iinhlangano okungasizo zombuso kanye neminye iminyango yombuso.
Amaqhinga wokwenza aphethe yoke imininingwana waleliqhinga mazombe azakukhutjhwa ngibo boke labo balingani abazinikela ngokuziphendulela mayelana nokufezekiswa kwalo. Lokho okubekwe kuhle kilomtlolo mleyo mazombe, amahlelo aqakatheke khulu, isitho sokufezekisa ngokuhlanganyela neenjamiso zesebenziswano hlangana nomphakathi-umbuso-nekoro yangeqadi. Bekube gadesi, abalingani abadosa phambili, okumNyango wezeLimo, i-Agri SA ne-NAFU – zizakusungula ikomiti yokuhlanganyela kanomphela. Imizamo iyenziwa ukufaka abasebenzi abahlanageneko, iinhlangano okungasizo zombuso, iinhlangano zomphakathi kanye neenhlangano zangaphandle.
Njengegadango lokuthoma lokwenza bona kufezekiswe iqhinga mazombe, abalingani mazombe baveze amahlelo nezenzo ezilandelako eziqakathekileko:
ukufezekisa ihlelo mazombe lokuphepha nokuvikeleka ekufikeleleni ukuzinza okuhle ekusebenzeni nemphakathini, ukuthembeka nokuzithemba.
ukukhulisa umbono wokwabelana ngezelimo, ukuphatha okuhle nesebenziswano emphakathini.
ukukhambisa burhaba ihlelo lokwabiwa butjha kwenarha ekuthuthukiseni zelimo nezinye iinkambiso zokunikela amandla iinqhema ezinqotjhiweko.
ukutjhugulula irhubhululo lezelimo, ukudluliswa kwetheknoloji, zefundo nokukhuliswa bona kukhambelane neemakethe.
ukuhlathulula butjha igunya lokukhangisa zelimo kanye nerhwebo leentjhabatjhaba esikhathini esingemva kwelawulo lamabhodo ngokuqalana nephaliswano ephasini begodu neendingo zokufikeleleka kwemakethe, imithombo nelwazi.
ukwakha amahlelo ahloniphekileko wokuhlolisisa weembalobalo nezemnotho azakufikeleleka kibo boke abalimi namabhizinisi.
ukusungula ihlelo elihlangeneko lemisebenzi leemali lemakhaya elibekwe kuhle Mbiko weKomitjhana kaStrauss.
ukuthuthukisa ihlelo elisebenzako nelihlangeneko lokuphathwa kweengozi emahlelweni wezepilo neweentjalo kanye neenlwana, inani namahlelo wengeniso kanye neenhlekelele zemvelo.
ukunqopha ukusisa ekuthuthukisweni kweendawo zemakhaya khona kuzakunikelwa ngemithombo yengeniso yokuphila, umthangalasisekelo, ukuthelelela, igezi, zokuthintana ngomtato, zokuthutha, zebandulo nokuthuthukiswa kwamakghono.
ukwehlisa iindleko mazombe zokukhiqiza, kufaka hlangana ukwehlisa khulu umthelo nomthelo wedizeli nakilokho okufakwa ekwenziweni kwezinto.
Kikho koke lokhu, indima ehle edlalwa yikoro yangeqadi ekufikeleleni iinhloso zokuzibandakanya, iphaliswano nokudzimelela iyavunywa. Ngakho-ke yoke into izakwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana okukhulu nokuvumelanisa hlangana nombuso nekoro yangeqadi – okutjho bona abalimi, iinhlangano zabalimi nebhizinisi yezelimo - khona kuzakufikelelwa umbono omutjha wekoro yezelimo ehlangeneko nenepumelelo.
Imiphumela elandelako ilindelwe ekulandelelweni ngepumelelo kwaleziinhloso mazombe:
Ukungezelelwa kokwakhiwa komnotho kezelimo neendaweni zemakhaya
Ukungezelelwa kwengeniso nokwanda kwemali engena ibuya ekurhwebelaneni neenarha zangaphandle
Ukwehla komtlhago nokungalingani kezenarha nebunikazini bamabhizinisi
Ukuthuthuka emakghonweni wokulima
Ukuthuthuka ekutholakaleni kokudla sitjhaba nemindeni
Imiphakathi enzinzileko nephephileko yemakhaya, ukwehla kwamzinga wobulelesi nenturhu kanye netuthuko edzimeleleko kezelimo
Ukuthuthuka kwethemba labasisi beemali kanye nokusisa okukhulu enarheni nangaphandle kwenarha emisebenzini yezelimo kanye neendaweni zemakhaya
Ukuzikhakhazisa nesithunzi kezelimo njengomsebenzi nekoro
Abalingani kufanele bazibophelele ekunikeleni ngemithombo yesikhathi esifunekako nesekelo leemali ukuqinisekisa ukufezekiswa ngepumelelo kweqhinga mazombe. Kunokuzwisisana okucacileko nokuthabela isahluko esitja esivulwako kezelimo eSewula Afrika, esifundanyaneni se-SADC nenarhakazini ye-Afrika.
NEENDABA ZENARHA
Isingeniso
Ekulumeni yakhe ebakayiqalise esitjhabeni ngomhlaka 9 Feberbari ka 2001, uMongameli Thabo Mbeki watjengisa bona ngesikhathi ukulingana nokuzinza kufikelelwe ezingeni lamazombe, izinga lokukhula komnotho lisese phasi khulu. Ekulumeni uMongameli wabika bona iqhinga lokwenza ku:
kusa umnotho ezingeni lokukhula eliphezulu kwandisa iphaliswano nekghono phakamisa amazinga wokuqatjha kwehlisa umtlhago orhageleko nokungalingani
UMongameli watjengisa bona leminqopho ingafikelelwa khulu ngetjhejo elikhethekileko eMleyweni oHlanganeko weQhinga lomBuso eenkorweni zomnotho ezitjengisa ikghono eliphezulu lokukhula nokusungulwa kwamathuba wemisebenzi. Waveza zelimo, zamandla, zokuvakatjha, amabubulo wezamasiko, ezinye iinkoro zokuthumela ngaphandle (kufaka hlangana imikhiqizo yezelimo esetjenziweko), kanye nebubulo lelwazi nelezokuthintana ngemitato.
Ikoro yezelimo, ehlathululwa njengayo yoke imisebenzi ephathelene nokunikelwa kokufakwa kwezelimo, zelimo kanye nokukhiqizwa okusetjenziweko nokusatjalaliswa kwemisebenzi efaka inani emikhiqizweni yezelimo, ihlala iyikoro eqakatheke khulu emnothweni weSewula Afrika nesabelo sawo sabunqopha emkhiqizweni woke wenarha (GDP).
Inikela ngeendingo ezimbili ezisisekelo zomuntu, okukudla nefayibha, begodu nokuhlangana okuqinileko kwezomnotho nokuqatjha nezinye iinkoro zomnotho, ngalokho ifake isandla khulu ekukhuleni komnotho. Ikwazile ukuhlangabezana naleziindingo ngokwandisa umkhiqizo lokha isitjhaba salenarha besiziingidi ezine ngokuthoma kwesentjhuri yamatjhumi amabili ukuya eengidini ezimatjhumi amane lezi ezikhona. Ngakho-ke imgogodlha netuthuko eSewula Afrika ngombana inikela ngesisekelo esiqinileko nesekelo kezinye iinkoro zomnotho. Ithonyo layo libonakale ngeenkhukhula ezamotjha amahlangothi athileko wephrovinsi yeTlhagwini neMpumalanga ngoFeberbari ka-2000, lokha umkhiqizo woke wenarha nawuzakwehla ngephesente linye.
Zelimo ezisisekelo, ezifaka hlangana umkhiqizo owenzeka ngaphakathi enarheni, zinokuziphendulela okungaphasi kwamaphesente amahlanu womkhiqizo woke wangaphakathi weSewula Afrika. Umakhiwo wezelimo osetjenziselwa imisebenzi eminengi, onomkhiqizo osisekelo khulu kanye neenkoro zokufaka ngaphakathi, unokuziphendulela kwamaphesente alitjhumi nanye womkhiqizo woke wangaphakathi kwenarha. Pheze kunabalimi abenza imali abaziinkulungwana ezimatjhumi amahlanu inengi labo, kodwana ingasi ngokutjhiya ngaphandle, babuya esitjhabeni esimhlophe. Ngo-2000 bakhuphela ngaphandle imikhiqizo epheze ibe mabhiliyoni elitjhumi nesithandathu, namkha pheze amaphesente alitjhumi wemisebenzi yeSewula Afrika. Inengi labasebenzaba bahlala emaplasini wokungenisa imali begodu abantwana babo bathola ifundo eenkolweni zemaplasini. Ngakho-ke amaplasi enza imali anikela ngomthombo wengeniso wepilo nezindlu emalungwini alinganiselwa eengidini ezisithandathu zabasebenzaba abasigidi begodu anikela ngeendingo zeemfundo zabo.
Godu kunabalimi abancani abamakhulu amabili namatjhumi amane weenkulungwana abanikela ngomthombo wengeniso okuphilwa ngawo emalungwini angaphezu kwesigidi sinye samalungu wemindeni, begodu nokuqatjhwa kwasikhatjhana kwabanye abantu abamakhulu amahlanu weenkulungwana. Abalimaba banikela iimakethe zekhaya nezesifunda lapho inengi labathengisi bestradeni baziphilisa khona. Ukudlula lapho, imindeni yemaplasini elinganiselwa eengidini ezintathu ezitholakala khulu eendaweni zemiphakathi zeendawo okwakuzizabelo ngaphambilini, ikhiqiza khulu ukuhlangabezana neendingo zoke zemindeni yayo. Kokugcina, pheze yoke imisebenzi yokukhiqiza neyomphakathi yeendawo zemadoropbheni wemakhaya ithembele kezelimo ezisisekelo nakweminye imisebenzi ekhambelanako. Lokhu kufaka hlangana zokuvakatjha zelimo ezidume khulu neziqakatheke khulu kwezemnotho nemisebenzi yokufuywa kweenyamazana. Ngaphezu kwesiquntu samaphrovinsi godu namaphesente pheze abe matjhumi amane wesitjhaba soke senarha ngakho-ke athembele khulu kezelimo nezinye iinkoro ezikhambelanako.
Leliqhinga mazombe lithuthukiswe mNyango wezeLimo, i-Agri SA ne-NAFU ngesibawo sakaMongameli ukutjhugulula ibhoduluko elithandekako libe minqopho, mthethomgomo nezenzo ezizakurholela ekukhuleni nekuthuthukeni kwabadlala indima kilekoro. Isibawesi sabamphumela wabunqopha womhlangano wesiqhema esisebenzako sezelimo sakaMongameli ngoMatjhi ka 2001, lapho uMongameli afanisa indlela kawoke woke ezakuqalana nokuhlanganiswa kwekoro nokukhula.
Abalingani abambalwa bamazombe babandakanyiwe ekuthuthukisweni nekufezakalisweni kweqhinga mazombe lekoro. Lokhu kufaka hlangana umbuso, abalimi, ibhizinisi lezelimo, iinhlangano zemisebenzi yezelimo, abasebenzi abahlangeneko, iinhlangano ezisemphakathi kanye neenhlangano zangaphandle. Laba badlalindima abaqakathekileko namaklayenti weqhinga mazombe elenzelwe ukusebenzela ikhastama eliphambili, abantu beSewula Afrika ukufikelela umnqopho wepilo engcono kiwo woke umuntu.
Nanyana iqakatheke khulu epumelelweni yezelimo, indaba yabasebenzi abahlangeneko azange kheyikhulunywe kuhle emtlolweni ngombana inengi leendabezo zilungiswe muva nje "embonweni kawoke woke ngokusebenza eplasini". Indaba ezikilomtlolo zenza ihlangothi elikhulu lokufezekiswa kweqhinga mazombe lekoro le.
Indlelakambiso yokuthuthukiswa kweQhinga Mazombe yandulelwa mitlolo embalwa yombuso kanye namanye amaqhinga. Koke lokhu kwenza umleyo onerhelebho lapho iqhinga lekoro yezelimo libunjwa khona belifake okulandelako:
IsiSungulo se-Afrika eTja (ebesaziwa ngaphambilini njengeQhinga le-Afrika loNyakakulungwana lokuVuka buTjha) lapho abarholi be-Afrika bazibophelela embonweni munye godu nekuzinikeleni okuqinileko nokukabili ekupheliseni umtlhago begodu nekubekeni iinarha zabo endleleni eya etuthukweni edzimeleleko nekuthuthukeni.
IHlelo eliHlangeneko lokuThuthukiswa ngokuDzimeleleko kweendawo zemaKhaya ngehloso mazombe yokutjhugulula amaplasi weSewula Afrika abe yikoro ehle ngakwezomnotho begodu nezinzileko ngakwezokuhlalisana nenokuthula okufaka isandla esikhulu emkhiqizweni woke wenarha (GDP).
IKomitjhana yokuNikelwa kwabaNzima amaNdla ngakwezomNotho nokwakhiwa kwesisekelo seqhinga lenarha lokuNikelwa amaNdla kwabaNzima ngakwezomNotho.
Ihlelo lokwaBiwa kweNarha nokuThuthukiswa kweendawo zemaPlasini, lihlelwana elincani lokwabiwa butjha kwenarha. Ihlelweli lenzelwe ukunikela izakhamizi zeSewula Afrika ebezidinywe amathuba ngaphambilini ukufikelela inarha ikakhulukazi ngomnqopho wokulima.
UmBono neRhelo lokuziPhatha lobuDlelwano nabaSebenzi kezeLimo" litlanywe ngezelimo ezihlangeneko, iinyonyana zabasebenzi kanye nomNyango wezeLimo. Umbono ofanako wokwabelana wamatjhuguluko enarheni nawo usese sesikhathini sokutlanywa.
UMleyo weQhinga eliHlangeneko lokuTlama lomBuso
IPhepha lokuBingwe mBuso laka 1995 lezeLimo kanye nomTlolo wokuBonisana ka 1998 womThethomgomo wezeLimo.
Esahlukweni esilandelako umbono wekoro yezelimo uyathuthukiswa bewuhlathululwe. ISahluko 3 sihlathulula ubujamo bagadesi ekorweni, okurhelebha ekufaniseni, eSahlukweni 4, iinselela zokufikelela lombono. Iinselela zekoro zirholela emaqhingeni amathathu okungiwo amakhulu, ahlathululwa ngokuzeleko eSahlukweni 5. Amaqhinga amakhulu asoze asebenza awodwa, begodu athembele emaqhingeni amahlanu angezelelako ahlathululwa eSahlukweni 6, esakha isisekelo sokuphumelelisa ihloso mazombe. ISahluko 7 sihlathulula bona iqhinga mazombe "lingenziwa njani" ngokutjengisa khulu amahlelo aqakathekileko kanye nezakhiwo neenkambiso zokufezakalisa.
Ubujamo neenselela zanikelwa nguMongameli kanye nezakhiwo ezisisekelo namagugu womphakathi weSewula Afrika etja obeka umbono wekoro yezelimo. Lombono yi:
Lombono uhlathulula ikoro ehlangeneko esetjenzelwa mleyo womthethomgomo onomukghwa munye otlanyelwe ukwehlisa ububili obukhona nokwandisa ukufaka isandla kwekoro ekukhuleni komnotho netuthukweni.
Lombono utjho ukuzibandakanya okudzimeleleko nokunenzuzo emnothweni wezelimo eSewula Afrika ziinhlangano ezinengi zomnotho, ngokuqalisisa ukuqakatheka kweragelo phambili lokukhiqiza ekungeniseni imali kanye nobumbala bemiphumela yomlando nokuthatha ihlangothi okwaba nomphumela otjhigamileko wekoro neenhloso ukuqinisekisa indawo nendima kibo boke abalimi ekorweni ehlangeneko. Lomnqopho uthathwa njengofaneleko ebujameni betuthuko banjesi besitjhaba seSewula Afrika begodu bungakha isisekelo ukwanelisa nokunikela amandla zoke iinqhema zalomphakathi ohlukaniswe ngokomlando, okutjho, amabhizinisi amancani, alingeneko namakhulu neenqhema ebegade zidinywe amathuba ngaphambilini (lapha sitjho ngokobutjhaba, ubulili, kanye nemahlangothini wabatjha).
Ekusekeleni umbono wezelimo, umnqopho omkhulu weqhinga mazombe lekoro uzakuqala khulu lehloso mazombe:
Ukwenza ukufikeleleka okulinganako nokuzibandakanya ekorweni yezelimo ephalisana iphasi loke, enenzuzo nedzimeleleko efaka isandla ekufiikelelweni kwepilo engcono kibo boke abantu".
Lomnqopho mazombe uzakuhlahla boke abalingani abafaneleko ehlosweni yabo yokuletha iindlela namahlelo ahlukeneko. Lamahlelo azakwenziwa abe afezakaliswe ngokuya kwezakhiwo ezisisekelo kanye namagugu wemibiko yamagugu:
Umvuzo omuhle ngomzamo, ingozi nomqondo omutjha
Ilungelo lenarha elivikelweko kubadlalindima bagadesi nebangomuso
Ukufikelela okulinganako emithonjeni nezintweni zokukhiqiza
Ukusetjenziswa okudzimeleleko kwemithombo yemvelo neyebhayoloji
Irhubhululo elizwakalako, isayense, ilwazi namahlelo wetheknoloji
Izehlakalo zemakethe ezinqophisa imisebenzi yebhizinisi nokunikelwa kwemithombo
Umleyo ocacileko wokulawula nemisebenzi esebenzako yombuso
Ukucaca kuhle komthethomgomo nokubonelwa ngaphambili
Isebenziswano ephendulako hlangana nekoro yangeqadi kanye nombuso ekwenziweni komthethomgomo nekulethweni kwemisebenzi
Imiphumela elandelako ilindelwe ukuvela ekulingeni ukufezekisa iminqopho mazombe:
Ukwanda kokwenziwa ukunotha kezelimo neendaweni zemakhaya
Ukwanda kokudalwa kwamathuba wemisebenzi okudzimeleleko
Ukwanda kwengeniso nokwanda kwemali engena ngebanga lokurhwebelana neenarha zangaphandle
Ukwehla komtlhago nokungalingani ebunikazini benarha namabhizinisi
Ukukhula kwekghono lokulima
Ukuthuthuka kokuphepha kwesitjhaba nekudleni komndeni
Imiphakathi yemakhaya ephephileko nezinzileko, ukwehla kwamazinga wobulelesi nenturhu, kanye netuthuko edzimeleleko
Ukuthuthuka kwethemba labasisi mmali okurholela ekwandeni kwamasiso ekhaya nangaphandle emisebenzini yezelimo neendaweni zemakhaya
Ukuzikhakhazisa nesithunzi kezelimo njengomsebenzi nekoro.
Ubujamo beqiniso bezelimo eSewula Afrika
ISewula Afrika inamazinga aphezulu womtlhago, ikakhulukazi eendaweni zemakhaya nalapho amaphesente ama-70 wabantu beSewula Afrika abatlhagileko bahlala khona. Imirholo yabo iyalawulwa ngombana zomnotho emakhaya azikakhuli ngendlela yokuthi zingabanikela imisebenzi erholelako namkha amathuba wemisebenzi.
Kunamabanga amanengi ngobujamobu bezinto, kodwana inengi lawo litholakala emithethwenimigomo eyafezekiswa ekadeni. Ngesikhathi ubujamo bemvelo obufana nokuhluka kweklayimethi buthathwa njengengozi nezinto ezibanga iindleko ekulimeni, imithethomgomo engakakhanjelaniswa nemiphumela engakaqalwa yemithethomgomo ekadeni beyinesandla ekungakhulini kuhle nokusisa ekorweni. Ingathana iindawo zemakhaya bezinesisekelo ebesingasekela ingeniso mali ekulu namandla wokusebenzisa imali, umnotho wemakhaya bewungaqina, ukhule bewudale amathuba amanengi wemirholo nokuzisebenza. Ngakho-ke, kungatjhiwo bona ingathana umnotho weSewula Afrika walandela ituthuko ehlukileko, eyame ebasebenzini, efaka woke umuntu nengabandluliko godu nendlela yokuhlalisa ekadeni, umtlhago wemakhaya bewungasoze waba yinto embi kangako ekhona emaphilweni womphakathi nemnothweni.
Iminotho mazombe ikhula ngokutjhugulula imithombo yabantu neyemitjhini esekorweni encani (zelimo, nezemayini), kokuthoma ibe yikoro yezamabubulo begodu ngemva kwalokho ibe yikoro yemisebenzi. Lokhu bekuvele kuyindaba enjalo eSewula Afrika, lapho itjhuguluko eliya ekorweni engemva kwesikhathi samabubulo iragela phambili sikhuluma nje. Kodwana kunobufakazi bona kulendlelakambiso, iinkoro ezisisekelo (ezifana nezelimo) ziyabhalelwa kufikelela ikghono lazo namkha zenza lokho ngendlela engasiyo eyagcina ngokobana inengi labantu likhutjhelwe ngaphandle kwemivuzo yesimanjemanje.
Zelimo ezingenisa imali eSewula Afrika zilandele indlela yokukhula eyeyame khulu emtjhinini, ngesikhathi imithombo eqakatheke khulu yezelimo (abantu nezinto zokulima) zihlala zingasetjenziswa namkha zisetjenziswa kancani eendaweni zakade zezabelo. Kokubili lokhu okutjhugulukako kube nomthelela ekghonakalweni yokurhola imali enengi babantu bemakhaya. Ukudlula lapho, amakghono wamabhizinisi wabalimi abanzima agandelelwa, kokuthoma ngokukhatjhelwa kwawo ngaphandle emakethe yezelimo yenarha begodu ngombana ukulima okungenisa imali bekungakghoneki eendaweni zezabelo. Amathuba wokuqatjhwa ekorweni yezelimo engenisa imali godu bekasaphelela khulu ebantwini abangana makghono abarhola imali encani, begodu isiquntu esikhulu sokuqatjha ekorweni yezelimo engenisa imali kungesiya ngesikhathi sonyaka godu nangokwesikhatjhana kuphela. Ukudlula lapho, lendlela yokukhula beyitjho bonyana iinkoro ezikhambelana nezelimo lapho yoke into ithoma khona (okufakwa mafemu ngehla) nalapho kuphela khona yoke into (abasebenzi bokudla nefayibha) zakhandelwa bona zingakhuli namkha zithuthuke, ngakho-ke abantu abahlala eendaweni zemakhaya badinywa amathuba wokuzibandakanya kezomnotho.
Lezizinto zaba ngunobangela omkhulu wokwenziwa kwezelimo ezimahlangothi mabili nezinokungalingani okukhulu. Ubuhlangothi mabilobu babanga amahlangothi amabili 'wethu' kanye 'nabo' angaboni ngokufana namkha angalinganiko hlangana nabadlalindima begodu aba nomphumela wendlela yokwenziwa komthethomgomo godu nokulethwa kwemisebenzi okuqale zelimo ezimbili kunekoro eyodwa ehlanganeko – enye ngeyabalimi abenza imali nenye okuthiwa ngeyaba'limi abasakhulako'. Ngakho-ke kunokutlhogeka khulu kombono kawoke woke (akukho ukuthi lombono ngewethu) godu nokuzwisisa kezelimo begodu nomuzwa wokuba ndawonye nokubumbana. Leliqhinga mazombe lekoro lifuna ukuqeda lendlela yokwehlukana nelimazako.
Ukusuka ngo-1990, iindlela zekambiso ezimbalwa zenziwe ukubuyisela emva umthetho webandlululo godu nokuthuthukisa ukuzibandakanya, kuthi ngasikhathi sinye kufezakaliswe iinsungulo ezimbalwa ukususa iinliyo nemithetjhwana godu nokutjhaphulula ikoro. Ezinye zalezenzo zaba nemiphumela emihle ngesikhathi ezinye zaba nemiphumela ebeyingakaqalwa. Ukusuka emthethwenimigomo emikhulu kwafaka:
ukuphelisa imithetjhwana neenliyo ekukhangisweni kwemikhiqizo yezelimo amatjhuguluko ekuphethweni kwezelimo, kufaka hlangana ukupheliswa kwezinye iintela eziphasi ebezenzelwe ikoro ukwehlisa ukusetjenziswa kwemali yebhajethi bunqopha ekorweni amatjhuguluko wenarha, akhambisana nokubuyisela kumnikazi nokwabiwa butjha, godu namalungelo womthetho wenarha ukutjhugululwa komthethomgomo wokurhwebelana, ofaka hlangana umthelo obekwa epahleni yezelimo engenako godu nokutjhatjhululwa mazombe kwerhebelwano lezelimo okufaka hlangana iimvumelwano zokurhwebelana ngokutjhaphuluka ukutjhugululwa kweenhlangano ezinomthelela ekuphathweni kwezelimo ukusetjenziswa komthetho wezelimo ophathelene nekoro yezelimo.
Lamatjhuguluko aba nemiphumela emikhulu erholela okungasenani ekukhuleni komkhiqizo godu nezelimo ezinokuphalisana, nanyana abalimi abanengi bathola ukulinyazwa mumethuko weentjhabatjhaba, ubujamo bezulu obutjhuguluka njalo, isikwelede esikhula njalo kanye nokuba kumbi kobujamo bokurhwebelana. Lokhu, kanye nemithetho yabasebenzi, amanzi nomthetho wamatjhuguluko wenarha, kwarholela emibonweni engasiyo mayelana neenhloso zalomthetho, nokuphezulu okulindelwe basebenzi, godu nemibiko yomphakathi eyenziwa ziinhlangano ezihlukeneko ezigandelelako, yaba nesandla ekuphenduleni okumbi okuhlangana nabalimi abenza imali begodu nokwehlisa imbalo yabasebenza isikhathi esinengi emaplasini.
Indlelakambiso yamsinyana yokususwa kwemithetjhwana neenliyo kanye nokutjhatjhululwa esikhathini esiminyaka elitjhumi edluleko yaveza ikghono elincani labalimi lokutjhugulula umthethomgomo namatjhuguluko emakethe. Ukuvezwa kwabo khulu ephalisanweni leentjhabatjhaba kube nomphumela omumbi ephaliswaneni labo, okwabangela bona abalimi abanengi batjhiye ibubulo. Kilomnotho ophalisana khulu novulekileko, amahlelo amancani wokulima nawo ayabhalelwa namkha akuthola kubudisi ukuba lihlangothi lekoro ekulu yezelimo.
Nanyana iinliyo ezimbalwa godu neendawo ezimiraro zikhandela ikoro yezelimo ekusebenzeni ngekghono layo loke, lokhu kulihlangothi kuphela lesithombe. Kuneenkomba ezihle zokobana abanye abalimi basebenza kuhle ngaphasi kobujamo obukhona. Begodu kuyacaca bona kunesisekelo esihle godu nommoya omuhle begodu nokufuna hlangana nabalimi, amabhizinisi wezelimo nombuso ekulwiseni iinselela ezilandelako zitjhugululwe bona zibe mathuba.
Iinselela zekoro
Ukusuka ekubonisaneni okungehla kuyakghoneka ukuthola imiraro emikhulu neenselela zekoro. Iselela ekulu yezelimo zeSewula Afrika kuveza ikghono elitholakala ebantwini kanye nemkhiqizweni ophasi begodu nekuphalisaneni okukhandela ukuzibandakanya kwabantu abanengi neenhlangano zezomnotho. Lomraro uziveza ngemirarwana eminengana – omunye nomunye otjhiya zawo iinselela.
UKUKHANDELWA KOKUPHALISANA EPHASINI KANYE NENZUZO PHASI
Iintjengiso zikhomba bona ikoro yezelimo eSewula Afrika iphendula kuhle eenseleleni zokwengeza iphaliswano. Kodwana, ipumelelo isathatha ihlangothi, begodu kunobufakazi bona ezinye iinkorwana zelimo godu nemisebenzi efaka inani ayiphalisani emakethe yekhaya neyeentjhabatjhaba. Lokhu kubangwa zizinto ezifana neendleko zokufakwako ezihlanganiswa nomkhiqizo ophasi, iindlela zebhizinisi ezingafikeleli ezingeni eliphezulu namakghono aphasi, kanye nemikghwa engasimihle yokurhwebelana. Ukungabikhona kwephaliswano leentjhabatjhaba nakho kurholela ekusiseni okuncani kezinye iinkoro. Mhlamunye lokhu kuyiselela ekulu efuna bona ilungiswe khona kuzakubekwa zelimo ekukhuleni okuqaliweko nendleleni yetuthuko.
UKUZIBANDAKANYA OKUNGASIKUHLE
Nasiqala umphumela wokukhaphela ngaphandle nokubandlulula, iselela manje kuvulela amathalente namandla wokutlama wabantu godu nokuthuthukisa ukuzibandakanya kwabo kiwo woke amahlangothi wekoro begodu nokuqeda kokugcina iinkhandeli ezinengi zokungena ezitholakala emlandweni omahlangothi mabili. Iselela kuthola amahlelo wokukhuthaza abasangenako abatjha; abanzima nabamhlophe; abancani nabakhulu; amabhizinisi amancani namakhulu, ukungena ekorweni. Kokugcina, kuqakathekile ukuthola iindlela zokuqinisekisa bona zoke iimfunda zekoro kwamambala zizizwa begodu zizibona zimalunga.
Ithemba elincani labasisi kezelimo libangwa yimbuyekezo ephasi njengombana kutjhiwo kanye nomphumela ongasoze waphikiswa oqinileko wezelimo nakezokuhlalisana ekusiseni kanye nemikhiqizweni okufana nokubulawa emaplasini, ukuqotha enarheni kanye nokuhlala enarheni ngokungemthetho. Ukungezelela, kunemibono engasimihle ngezelimo engezelela ubujamo. Ithemba labasisi mmali liyafuneka ukufikelela ikoro yezelimo ezele ipilo, amandla nekhulako.
AMAHLELO WOKUSEKELELA NOKULETHA ANGAKANELI, ANGASEBENZIKO NANGANAKGHONO
Lelihlangothi lingezinye zeendawo zemiraro emikhulu ezisisekelo senye nenye yalezizinto okukhulunywe ngazo. Ubumbi bokuletha nokufezakalisa amagadango amanengi wombuso, imithetjhwana namahlelo kanye namahlelo wesekelo angasebenziko – woke okungaqakathekileko ekuqinisekiseni ibhoduluko lokukghonakalisa kezelimo – kuyakhathaza begodu kuyiselela kizo zoke iinhlangano zombuso ezisekela ikoro yezelimo. Amahlangothi afaka isandla kilomraro kuhlukaniswa kweminye imisebenzi, imithombo engakaneli, ukuphatha okungasikuhle godu nokuziphendulela kanye neenqunto zesigungu ezingasizihle kanye nokuriyada ekuthathweni kweenqunto.
UKUPHATHWA KUMBI NOKUNGAKADZIMELELI KWEMITHOMBO YEMVELO
Inarha engasetjenziswako nethembisako ngakwezelimo ayitholakali lula eSewula Afrika, godu kuneqintelo ekukhuleni buthabalala komkhiqizo wezelimo. Ukungezelela, umthangalasisekelo nemisebenzi esekela ukusetjenziswa kwenarha ayikaneli. Amahlelo wombuso aqale ukuvikela isisekelo semithombo (okutjho ukuTlhogonyelwa kwenarha nokuSebenzela Amanzi) ayaphumelela kodwana awakaneli. Ukonakala kwenarha kuhlala kumraro eenarheni ezihle nezingakanoni. Ngokwanda kwegandeleleko kezelimo ukuphuhlisa umkhiqizo ngokuya kweyunithi yenarha, kuyiselela ekulu ukuqinisekisa bona lokhu akwenzeki ngokulimaza isisekelo semithombo yethu yemvelo.
Amaqhinga amakhulu
Iinselela kufanele zilungiswe ngokurhaba okukhulu ukukghonakalisa ikoro yezelimo ukusuka ebujameni bamambala banje ukuya emnqopheni "wokufikelela ngokulingana kanye nokuzibandakanya ekorweni ephalisana iphasi loke, enenzuzo nedzimeleleko efaka isandla epilweni engcono kibo boke abantu". Lomnqopho ungafikelelwa ngeqhinga mazombe lezelimo eSewula Afrika elinezinto ezintathu, okukufikelela okulinganako nokuzibandakanya, ukuphalisana iphasi loke nenzuzo kanye nokuphathwa kwemithombo ngokudzimeleleko.
Ukufikelela okuhle nehlelo lokuzibandakanya
Umnqopho waleliqhinga kuqinisa ukufikelela okuhle nokuzibandakanya emathubeni wezelimo; ukuqeda ubuhlanga enarheni nebunikazini bamabhizinisi; godu nokuvula ikghono loke lezamabhizinisi lekoro. Lizakuqala itjhuguluko kezenarha, isekelo lokuthoma kilabo abasangenako kezokulima, isebenziswano nokukhutjhulwa kwekoro.
Leliqhinga lilungisa isebenziswano emahlangothi mabili nekambiso yokukhaphela ngaphandle, godu likhuthaza ukuzibandakanya okuragela phambili kwalabo esele balihlangothi lekoro. Godu likhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kombono wokwabelana nendlela kawoke woke khona kuzakuba nezelimo ezizakufaka woke amabubulo nobukhulu bamaplasi, ukusuka kamancani ukuya kwamakhulu. Umbuso uzakusungula umleyo wesebenziswano ukufezekisa leliqhinga. Ubufakazi besebenziswano ehle neqinileko kanye nehlelo lokufundisa nokuyelelisa elithuthukako hlangana nabalimi abenza imali nalabo abasangenako abatjha lizakukhuthazwa.
Ukuzibandakanya okudzimeleleko ekorweni kuzakuqinisekiswa kuphela nasirarha umbono okungasiwo wezelimo otjengiswa yinzuzo encani, ukuba seenkolodweni, imiraro yokuvikela, ukungaphatheki kuhle kwabathengi mayelana nokuphepha kokudla, iindaba eziphathelene nokuba semthethweni kanye netjhuguluko elikhamba kancani – begodu ngakho-ke nekoro lapho abantu bangana kuzikhakhazisa nethemba. Ukulima kuqale hlangothi linye njengombana kukhonywa madoda wamaBhuru ngomuzwa othuweleliswa kuthusela, ukudinywa amathuba nokungatjhejwa hlangana nabalimi abakhona nabasazokungena. Okhunye ukuqala hlangothi linye kukobana abantu abanzima abakghoni namkha akukafaneli babe ngenye into engehla kwabalimi abanganalitho abalimela ukuziphilisa. Lemibono izakulungiswa nayikuthi imibono engaphakathi nengaphandle kwezelimo iyatjhugululwa beyijanyiselelwe ngomqondo wezelimo ezinepilo namandla, ezinepumelelo nezinobujameli godu nezilungisa ukungaphatheki kuhle mayelana nezebhoduluko kanye nokuqiniseka ngokudla kwabathengi.
Ukuphuhlisa abasangenako ekorweni yezelimo, kuzakuqalwa khulu amathuba wokunikela amandla ngakwezomnotho; ebantwini abanzima, abomma, abarholopheleko nabatjha bazo zoke iintjhaba. Indlelakambiso yokukghonakalisa abantu abanzima baphumelele kezelimo ezingenisa imali nemabhizinisi wezelimo kuzakufuna imizamo eyenziwe kuhle nenqotjhisiweko ezakulalisa ikundla godu ilethe ubujameli obaneleko nekoro ehlukileko. Ukudlula lapho, kuyaziwa bona abatjha bazo zoke iintjhaba balingomuso begodu kufanele bakhuthazwe ukuzifaka emisebenzini yezelimo. Lemizamo izakwenzelwa ukukhiqiza ikoro yezelimo ehlukileko nesebenza kuhle khulu, ezakunikela ngebelo laburhaba ekukhuleni kwezomnotho zemakhaya ezikhulako, ngaphandle kokuhlawulisa abalimi abenza imali abakhona kwanje.
ITJHUGULUKO KWEZENARHA
Njengegadango lokuthoma, kuqakathekile bona itjhuguluko lezenarha lenziwe ukuqinisekisa izinzo emakhaya nokuqisekisa zemakethe. Indlelakambiso yokunikela amandla ngakwezomnotho kezelimo zeSewula Afrika ithoma ngokufikeleleka okukhutjhuliweko enarheni kanye nokubekwa kwamalungelo wangokomthetho wenarha ebantwini begodu neendaweni lokhu kungekho khona.
Ukwenza kuhle itjhuguluko lezenarha, kuqakathekile bona zoke iindlela zokufikelela enarheni ezifana nokubuyisela kumnikazi, ukwabiwa butjha kanye namalungelo wangokomthetho anikelwe itjhejo elaneleko. Iindlela zekambiswezi zizakufaka, kodwana asoze zaba mnqopho weqhinga mazombe lekoro, ukusetjenziselwa iminqopho engasiyo yezelimo kwenarha efana nokwakha izindlu, njll.
Ukulandela ukukhamba buthaka ekufezekisweni kokwabiwa butjha kwenarha eminyakeni yokuthoma emihlanu ngemva kwaka-1994, ihlelo lenziwa butjha. Ihlelo elitjha leTjhuguluko eNarheni nekuThuthukiseni zeLimo (LRAD) lenziwe ukukhulisa ubunengi bamagadango wokusekela azakutholakala kilezo zakhamizi zeSewula Afrika ekade zidinywe amathuba ngaphambilini ukufikelela inarha ngomnqopho wezelimo. Liqinisa umqondo wokwabiwa kwenarha okurhelejwa yimakethe yehlelo lokuthoma lokwabiwa kwenarha. Ilemuko leentjhabatjhaba litjengisile bona amahlelo ayame emakethe wokwabiwa butjha kwenarha akhanjiswa mbuso asebenza ngcono kunalawo akhanjiswa yikoro yomphakathi kuphela. Ihlelo elenziwe butjha lithembisa ukurhabisa ukulethwa kwenarha ngombana lihlangene godu lilula begodu likhanjiswa ngabarhelejwako abasebenzisa imithombo yalo ngeendlela ezihlukako ngokuya kweminqopho nemithombo.
Umbuso uzinikele ekuqinisekiseni ipumelelo yalelihlelo godu nokuqinisekisa bona abantu ababuya eenqhemeni ebezidinywe amathuba ngaphambilini bathola ukufikelela enarheni ngendlela eburhaba nenomthetho. Kodwana kuqakathekile bona inarha isetjenziselwe ukukhiqiza. Lokhu kuzakwenzeka kuphela nange imisebenzi yokusekela namahlelo webandulo anganikelwa. Ngakho-ke kuyavunywa bona itjhuguluko lenarha nokuhlaliswa kwabalimi asoze lenzeka esikhaleni godu neminyango yamaphrovinsi yezelimo nemibuso yabomaziphathe beendawo izakuba nendima ekulu engayidlala ekerhelebheni abarhelejwako. Lokhu kuzakufuna bona imiraro yebandulo yemibuso yamaphrovinsi nemibuso yabomaziphathe beendawo ilungiswe ngokurhaba okukhulu.
Yoke ikghonakalo yokuthola itjhuguluko lezenarha elirhabileko nelidzimeleleko izakwenziwa. Lokhu kuzakufaka ukuthengiswa kwenarha ebekungeyombuso njengendawo ezakuqalwa kokuthoma. Lokhu kuzakungezelelwa magadango afana namahlelo wokwabelana ngokulingana, ukulima ngokwesivumelwano, ukulima ngokuqatjha, itjhuguluko elungelweni lenarha eendaweni zomphakathi kanye nokutholwa kwenarha yangeqadi.
Ngombana inengi labantu beendaweni zemakhaya baphila begodu balima eendaweni zomphakathi, iindaba zesiqiniseko samalungelo wenarha kufanele zitjhejwe ngokurhaba. Kuqakathekile bona imivuzo namathuba wamasiso athuthukiswe kileziindawo. Godu ngombana le yindaba emasikizi, indlelakambiso yokufakwa kwabarholi bendabuko kufanele yenziwe ngamalanga ukuqisekisa bona ukufikeleleka kwalendlelakambiso kuzakwenziwa. Lokhu kuzakuphekelelwa kuvuselelwa kwamahlelo wokuthelelela eendweni ekhabe zizizabelo ngaphambilini kanye nokudluliswa kokuphathwa kwazo begodu kudluliswe nobunikazi bunikelwe abalimi abafaneleko nemiphakathi.
Nanyana itjhuguluko enarheni kuyinto eqakatheke khulu okufanele kuthonywe ngayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuzibandakanya okufaka abantu abanengi kezelimo ezikulu, imisebenzi yokusekela eminengana kuzakufanela bona ilungiswe ngasikhathi sinye ukuqinisekisa bona indlelakambiso yokufikeleleka nokunikela amandla iyaphumelela begodu iyadzimelela.
IMISEBENZI YOKUSEKELA
Nanyana amandla aqalekako weenhlangano kanye neemali sele asetjenzisiwe ekunikeleni ukufikeleleka enarheni kilabo abatjha kezelimo esikhathini esiminyaka elikhomba edlulileko, itjhejo elincani linikelwe emahlelweni wokusekela abalimi. Kuze kube nje, isekelo langemva kokuhlaliswa enarheni kubadlalindima emahlelweni wetjhuguluko enarheni lihlelwe ngokwesigiyana, umphumela wangazwakala kuhle.
Kuneenselela ezimbili mayelana nemisebenzi yesekelo lamuva yokuhlaliswa enarheni. Kokuthoma, nayikuthi abalimi abatjha bazakunikelwa amandla wokudlala indima eyakhako ekuthuthukiseni isiko lezelimo, kuqakathekile bona bathole ukufikelela emisebenzini yokusekela. Kodwana ilemuko elibuya e-Afrika litjengisile bona lokhu akukafaneli kwenziwe ngokwesigiyana godu nangokubandlulula. Irhubhululo nalo litjengisile bona imisebenzi yesekelo ebalimini abalima kancani nabalima ngokulingeneko kufanele lihlukaniswe kilelo elinikelwa abalima khulu ngomnqopho wokwenza imali. Ngakho-ke, iselela yokuthoma kuthuthukisa nokukhulisa imisebenzi yesekelo ekhona kwanje ukuhlangabezana neendingo zabalimi boke. Lokhu kufaka ukuragela phambili kwemihlobo ehlukeneko yemisebenzi efana nokuqiniswa kweenhlangano zokulethwa kwemisebenzi yerhubhululo, yezeemali, yokufikelela eemakethe netuthuko, ibandulo nokuthuthukiswa kwamakghono kanye nemiNyango yamaPhrovinsi yezeLimo.
Iselela yesibili kunikela ngesekelo elinqotjhisiweko ebalimini abatjha. Ziinsungulo ezintathu ezizakwenziwa lapha:
Kunikelwa kwesekelo langemva kokuhlaliswa kubalimi abarhelebhekako etjhugulukweni lenarha lokubuyiselwa kumnikazi. Isikhathi sangemva kokuhlaliswa enarheni bekube gadesi sifuna ukukhanjelaniswa okungcono ikakhulukazi hlangana nemiNyango yezeLimo noweeNdaba zeNarha, hlangana nemibuso yesitjhaba neyamaphrovinsi, godu nabaphathi beendawo neenhlangano zabalimi nezabhizinisi wezelimo.
Kutholwa kwabalimi abatjha ababuya eenqhemeni ebezibandlululwa ngaphambilini khona bazakuthola ukufikelela ekuthengeni inarha kwangeqadi, ukuqatjha, ukunikela ngokomthetho, njll. Ukuhlolwa kweendingo zokuhlola iimfuno ezimayelana nokufikelela imisebenzi yokusekela kuzakwenziwa, godu iindawo zejiyografu neenqhema zemisebenzi lapho iindingo zabo zizikulu khona zizakunqotjhwa bezinikelwe imisebenzi yokusekela.
Kusungulwa kwamahlelo wemiqondo emitjha wetuthuko wabalimi eendaweni zokuhlala. Kuzakugandelelwa khulu ekurarululeni iindawo ezimiraro godu namagadango wokurhelebha abalimaba khona bazakuba bakhiqizi abaphumelelako ngesikhathi esincani ngokukghonekako. Lokhu kuzakufuna ukufikelela kwamambala emakethe, ebandulweni, ematjhugulukweni wamalungelo wenarha, emithangalenisisekelo nemisebenzi yesekelo enqotjhisweko. Amahlelo wokusebenzisana neenhlangano zepahla yerhwebo, amabhizinisi wezelimo wekhaya, kanye namakoporasi lizakusungulwa ukunikela imivuzo emihle ukuqinisekisa ukuzibandakanya kwabo.
Abadlalindima abakhulu kufanele bazinikele ekubekeni itjhejo labo emahlelweni wokusekela abalimi wokwenza iinhloso nekareko lezelimo elifaka woke umuntu ngokukhuphula hlangana nokhunye amahlelo wesebenziswano, amasetjheni wokusebenza ngamaqhinga kanye namahlelo wesebenziswano akarisako nanengozi eendaweni ezilandelako:
Ekuthuthukeni kokufikeleleka emakethe nekususweni kweenkhandeli zemakethe kabatjha abasangenako
Ukudluliselwa okuqinisiweko kwetheknoloji ebalimini abatjha ngesekelo lamasentha we-one-stop ezingeni lekhaya
Ukufezekisa iqhinga lokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi elifaka abosomabhizinisi abancani godu namahlelo wokufundisa nokuyelelisa
Ukuthuthuka kokufikelela emisebenzini yemakhaya yezemali eminengi nezeleko ngokusebenzisa ukufikelela nokusebenza kuhle kweenhlangano zemali zemakhaya
Ukunqopha okuthuthukileko, ukusebenzisana nokukhambelanisa hlangana kweenhlangano zombuso, zelimo ezihlangeneko, iinhlangano okungasizo zombuso neenhlangano zemiphakathi ezibandakanyekako emahlelweni wokuthuthukisa abalimi ngamaforamu ezingeni lenarha yoke, lamaphrovinsi kanye nelendawo. Amaforamu anjalo angasetjenziswa ukuthola iindingo namahlelo afaneleko okufanele athole itjhejo elikhulu, ukuhlola isidingo semivuzo kanye namasebenziswano hlangana kombuso nekoro yangeqadi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kuhle kwamahlelo kanye nokufaka isandla mayelana namathulusi wemithethomgomo nemithethokambiso
Ikghono elithuthukako nokwenza kuhle ekungezelelweni kwabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwekoro yangeqadi nemiNyango yezeLimo yamaPhrovinsi
Ukuzibandakanya okungezelelweko kezelimo kuzakusekelwa mahlelo ukurhelebha abasangenako abatjha ngomthangalasisekelo wezelimo. Iimbonelo zifaka isekelo lokubiyela, amatanka wokudibha, ikhonthuwa, imisebenzi yokukhandela ukukhukhuleka kwehlabathi, imali yokuthenga ifuyo nemigodi ebhoriweko.
Isenzo esifaka woke umuntu ngeendlela ezinengi sifanele lokha nakunikelwa abalimi amandla. Ngokusebenzisana, abalimi bathola iindingo zamalunga begodu baqinise neendingo zabo, bahlanganise amandla wabo wezomnotho nokulungisa ukubhalelwa kwemakethe. Umbuso ngakho-ke usekela iinhlangano zabalimi ukwakha wazo amakghono kanye nokuthuthukisa iindlela zokukhulumisana zangaphakathi. Kilelihlangothi isebenziswano eqinileko hlangana ne-NAFU ne-Agri SA izakukhuthazwa njengesithuthi esinamandla sokunikela amandla abalimi.
Amakoporasi wezelimo eSewula Afrika asisakhiwo esiqakathekileko ekusekeleni abalimi abatjha. Amakoporasi akhona angadlala indima ekulu, kodwana ukusungulwa kwamakoporasi emiphakathini eqhakileko yemakhaya kufanele kukhuthazwe. Imizamo yangaphambili yahluleka ngesibanga semikghwa namagugu angasi mahle hlangana namalunga nemikghwa yabaphathi godu nangomphumela wokutlhogeka kwekghono lokuphatha kanye nekghono, okunomphumela ongasimuhle ebhizinisini. Amagadango amatjha wokuthoma ukuthuthukiswa kwamakoporasi ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakghono nokuphendula amagadango wesekelo lemali azakwenziwa.
Kunokutlhogakala mazombe komthangalasisekelo eendaweni ebezizizabelo, ngesikhathi kuthiwa kunesidingo sokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa ebujameni kilezondawo zemakhaya zabamhlophe. Lokhu kunomphumela wokwenza leziindawo zingakghoni ukuphalisana. Nakuzakulungiswa ukungalingani kwemithangalasisekelo nebizo lokuthuthukiswa kokunikelwa kwemisebenzi, imiNyango yamaPhrovinsi yezeLimo neemphathimandla zendawo zizakubawiwa bona zibuyekeze iinkhala zomthangalasisekelo godu nokuqinisekisa bona irhelo elikhanjelanisiweko liyanikelwa emaHlelweni weTuthuko aHlangeneko ekuthuthukisweni komthangalasisekelo. Lokhu kuzakufaka itjhejo elinikelwa amadorobha wemakhaya namasentha womsebenzi. Zelimo zizakufakwa emnqopheni wokutholwa kokuqakathekileko endaweni yekhaya.
Ukulima kwesimanje manje kutjhugulukile ngebanga lamatjhuguluko wezelimo. Abalimi badanela emagadangweni wokubulunga iindleko afana nokwahlukanisa, ukukhulisa nokufakwa kwamazinga njengendlela yokulungisa inzuzo eyehlako. Leziindlela kwesinye isikhathi zitjho ukutjhugulukela emisebenzini emikhulu. Ukutjhuguluka kwezelimo godu kutjho bona kunesiliyo sokungena kilabo abatjha abasangenako kezokulima. Ukulungisa leziinselela zelimo, amagadango amatjha azakwenziwa ukukghonakalisa abantu ukungena ebubulweni ngaphasi kobujamo obukhona.
Nanyana iindima ezimbalwa zibekelwe umbuso ehlelweni lokufikelela nokuzibandakanya, kuqakathekile ukubona bona ikoro yangeqadi - okutjho ibhizinisi lezokulima, abalimi, amakoporasi, iinhlangano zabalimi – zinendima ekulu okufanele ziyidlale ekukhuliseni ukunikela amandla nokuzibandakanya. Kurhabekile manje bekuqakathekile bona ikoro yangeqadi ithathe iselela yokunikela amandla nokuthuthuka kokulingana. Imivuzo izakwenziwa ukukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya kwekoro yangeqadi ekuthuthukisweni kwezelimo neenkambisweni zokunikela amandla.
Ukuphalisana ephasini nekwenzeni inzuzo
Ihloso yeqhingeli kuqinisa ukwenza inzuzo ngephaliswano elidzimeleleko ephasini loke ngokunikela okufakwa nakukhiqizwako ekorweni yezelimo, ukukhiqiza okusisekelo, ukusetjenzwa kwezelimo, kanye namabubulo wezokuvakatjha kezelimo. Izinto ezilula zibeka bezibumbe ibhoduluko lapho ikoro iphalisana beyithuthukise ukutlanywa kobuhle ekuphalisaneni. Lokhu:
bujamo bezinto bujamo bokufuna mabubulo ahlobeneko nasekelako yindlela eqinileko, isakhiwo nokuphikisana mmoya wombuso nomthethomgomo yindima yokungahleli, yethuba
Enye nenye yalezizinto manje iyalungiswa ngezenzo ezithileko zeqhinga ukuthuthukisa ukuphalisana kwezelimo.
UBUJAMO BEZINTO
Ubujamo bezinto butjho izinto zokukhiqiza, ukutholakala kanye nekhwalithi yemithombo yemvelo, izinga lamanani wezinto ezifakwako ezifana nabasebenzi, amafutha, iimbulalinunwana, imitjhini, ilwazi nomthangalasisekelo. Lezi zinto ziqakathekile nayikuthi ikoro izakwazi ukuphalisana iphasi loke beyibe nenzuzo.
Iphenyisiso lamuva nje litjengisile bona izinto zobujamo eSewula Afrika ziliya ukuphalisana ekorweni yezelimo nakeyezokusetjenzwa kezelimo. Okuqakatheke khulu kwanjesi manani wokufakwa nakukhiqizwako, ukukhiqiza kwesisekelo semithombo yezemvelo, iindleko nekhwalithi yabasebenzi abanganakghono, iindleko zabasebenzi abanekghono, iindleko zokuphatha ezikhambelana nokuqatjhwa nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi, ikhwalithi yomthangalasisekelo, iindleko zemitjhini kanye neendleko nokutholakala kwetheknoloji.
Ngokumadanisa nabakhiqizi bokudla okuziinthoro abakhulu bephasi abafana ne-US, i-EU, i-Argentina ne-Brazil, i-Sewula Afrika inehlabathi enekghono elincani, iklayimethi eyomileko netjhuguluka njalo, kanye neendleko eziphezulu zomnotho. Lezizinto zenza kube budisi kezelimo zeSewula Afrika ukuphalisana naleziinarha. Ngakho-ke, nabafuna ukuphalisana, indlela evulekele abalimi nakunganasekelo lombuso kukuba nekghono nokwehlisa iindleko zokukhiqiza ngekghono ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifakwa nakukhiqizwako ezincani ngokuphumelelisako.
Abalimi abanengi namabhizinisi wezelimo bawafezakalise ngepumelelo amahlelo wokuhlela butjha, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokusetjenziswa kweendleko njengehlangothi lehlelo lokwehlisa iindleko zokukhiqiza. Kodwana, lokhu kunikela ngeensombululo ezithatha ihlangothi nezesikhatjhana ebalimini abancani nabalingeneko kanye namabhizinisi wezelimo amancani. Amahlelo wombuso anomphumela ekwehlisweni kwendleko zoke zokukhiqiza ngakho-ke kufuneka abe lihlangothi eliqakathekileko ehlelweni lokuphalisana.
Okuqakatheke ngokunqophileko mafutha, zokuthutha neendleko zemitjhini. Iindleko zokuthutha zithonywa khulu mthangalasisekelo wezokuthutha ongakaneli nongakaphathwa kuhle. Iimbonelo zalokhu zifaka ukungatholakali ngobunengi kweenkoloyi zeentimela kezokuthutha, ukungabikhona kwephaliswano kezeentimela nemisebenzi yemadoyelweni weenkepe eba nemiphumela yemisebenzi engakathembeki nebizako, eqintelwako, neneendleko ezinengi zokuthutha ngommoya umkhiqizo wezelimo, umthangalasisekelo wesitjhaba omorosakeleko nongakaneli nomthangalasisekelo ongasimuhle wezokuthintana. Lezizinto zizodwa zenza iindleko zokukhiqiza kezelimo enarhakazini ye-Afrika zibize ngokubuyelelwe kane ukudlula e-Asia, e-Amerika kanye ne-Europe.
Umbuso unendima ekulu okufanele uyidlale ekulungiseni izintwezi. Ukufika lapha amahlelo alandelako azakuqalwa:
Ukwehliswa khudlwana komthelo neemali ezibhadelwa edizeleni nezinye izinto ezifakwa nakukhiqizwako
Imivuzo yombuso yokuhlela butjha izakhiwo ukwehlisa iindleko zokutjhidela emikhiqizweni ephalisanako
Iindlela ezitja zokusekela ngemali ukurhelebha abalimi abatjha nalabo esele bakhona ukuphatha umphumela wemalimboleko emalini esetjenziselwa izinto ezincani
Ukubuyekezwa kweemfuneko zokuthutha ngesitimela ngokuya komthethomgomo wokusuka endleleni uye esitimeleni kezelimo
Ukufezakaliswa ko"Mbono neRhelo lokuziPhatha lezobuDlelwana babaSebenzi kezeLimo" elitlanywe ngezelimo ezihlelweko, iinyonyana zabasebenzi kanye nomNyango wezabaSebenzi, ngokusebenzisana netjhuguluko emakethe yabasebenzi.
UBUJAMO BOKUFUNA
Ubukhulu, ukukhula nokubunjwa kwemakethe yekhaya kudlala indima eqakathekileko ekwenzeni ibubulo liphalisane ephasini. Iphaliswano eliqinileko lekhayapha liqakathekile begodu kusebujameni obungakajayeleki kuphela lapho ibubulo elingaphalisaniko emakethe yalo yekhaya liba ngeliphalisanako ephasini loke. Ikani ukukhula komnotho kuphasi kunezinga lawo lokukhula elilindelweko, ubukhulu bemakethe yeSewula Afrika nezinga layo lokukhula kancani ekudleni nemikhiqizweni yefayibha izakuthikameza ukuphalisana kwezelimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqakatheka khulu kokukhuliswa kokufuneka kwemakethe yekhaya, okufaka kodwana kungapheleli ekukhutjhulweni kokufuneka kweemakethe ezincani zekhaya, okufaka hlangana kodwana kungakapheleli ekukhutjhulweni kweemakethe ezincani kanye nekukhuthazweni kwezokuvakatjha kwezelimo kanye namabhizinisi angenzelwa emaplasini nemisebenzi.
Amathuba wemakethe awathuthukiswa njalo ngesibanga sokutlhogeka kwelwazi. Ikhwalithi, ukutholakala neendleko zelwazi lemakethe lithikameza khulu ukuphalisana kwabasomabhizinisi bezelimo-zokudla ezirareneko. Ngaphandle kwelwazi elithembekileko nelivela ngesikhathi iimakethe ezitja zekhaya zithuthuka buthaka. Ekulungiseni leziinkhandeli, amahlelo alandelako azakutjhejwa:
Ihlelo elihlakaniphileko lebhizinisi lezelimo ezisisekelo kanye nekoro yebhizinisi yezelimo ezakunikela ilwazi eliqakathekileko elingasetjenziswa eenquntweni zebhizinisi nekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi wekhaya ngekambiso yokufukamela eendaweni zemakhaya.
AMABUBULO AHLOBENEKO
Ukubakhona kwamabubulo anikelako naphalisana ephasini, afana nebubulo lokufaka okusetjenziswa ekukhiqizeni, iinhlangano zeemali, iinhlangano zerhubhululo, amakampani wezokuthutha, abanikeli bezinto zokupaka, nabanikeli abaziinhlangano ezifana nezegezi kanye nezamanzi banomphumela ekuphalisaneni kwekoro yezelimo.
Ukungezeleleka okwandako emakethe hlangana nabanikeli nabasabalalisi kanye nokwanda kokukhonya kwamafemu weentjhabatjhaba kungaba nomphumela omumbi ekuphalisaneni kwekoro yezelimo. Amandla walamafemu nokungabikhona kwephaliswano ngaphakathi kwekoro kungagcina ngokuba nomphumela wokwanda kwamanani aphezulu wokufakwa nakukhiqizwako. Kilokhu umbuso uzakulawula imikghwa yokuphalisana emphumeleni wezelimo nemabubulweni wokusabalalisa kanye, lapho kutlhogekako, ubuyekeze amazinga wemali ebhadelwako namkha ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonitjhwa komThetho wokuPhalisana.
Iinsungulo zokuvula ikghonakalo yokukhula kwezelimo ezisisekelo eqinisweni lokuthi amanani wokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo esisekelo efana nokudla okuziinhlamvu kanye neentanga zamafutha ngebelo elincani kunamanani wazo ngesikhathi esingeziweko. Umsebenzi wabakhiqizi kungezelela ikghono lomkhiqizo wabo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifakwa nakukhiqizwako neendlela zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kutjho bona okuqakatheke khulu ekukhiqizeni ngekghono kanye nephaliswano elithuthukako kuyame ekutholakaleni kokufakwa nakukhiqizwako okunengi kanye nekusetjenzisweni kwetheknoloji yokukhiqiza ethuthukileko. Ukungezeleleka kwekghono kuyame ekusetjenzisweni kwetheknoloji yokukhiqiza. Irhubhululo lezelimo, ibandulo kanye neenhlangano zokukhuliswa ngakho-ke ziqakatheke khulu ekorweni.
Iinhlangano zeemali zisihlanganiso esiqakathekileko ekuqinisekiseni iphaliswano lekoro. Abalimi abalimela ukwenza imali esikhathini esinengi batjhejwa kuhle mabhanka abolekisa ngemali neBhanka yezeNarha. Leziinhlangano, kodwana, zinokufikelela okuqintelweko nemisebenzi yerhelebho eendaweni ezidobha phasi. Ukudlula lapho abalimi abancani bakhatjhelwa ngaphandle emisebenzini yeemali, ngesibanga sokuqala iphrofayili eqalweko yengozi, efaka hlangana, ukungabikhona kwesibambiso. Imizamo yokuthuthukisa iinjamiselelo ezitlanywe kuhle ngakho-ke izakukhuthazwa. Ukuhlonywa kweenhlangano zeemali ezikhona ekhayapha ezifaka hlangana amakoporasi wemisebenzi yeemali namabhanka wendawo yokuhlala, azakukhutjhulwa.
UKWENZA OKUHLANGENEKO KOKUNIKELA
Ubujamo obutjhoko bona amaplasi namabhizinisi wezelimo atlanywa bunjani, ahlelwe abe aphathwe, kanye nobunjalo bepikiswano yekhaya, bunomphumela omkhulu ekuphalisaneni kwekoro. Ibhoduluko elihle nelinephaliswano ekorweni ngokusebenzisa kuhle umthethomgomo wokuphalisana, ukuphathwa kuhle kwamabhizinisi namakghono kufanele kuqinisekwe. Ikghono lokuphatha labalimi namandla wabathengi bemakethe kuzizinto eziqakatheke khulu epumelelweni yephaliswano ekorweni yokudla kwezelimo. Iintolo ezithengisa ngokuhlangeneko ziba zikulu godu zinamandla ekukhulumisaneni nekubekeni amanani wabakhiqizi ekhayapha neenthabathabeni. Ukuphuhlisa amandla wabalimi wokukhulumisana, kuqakathekile ukwakha isikhozi nobudlelwano obuzakuthatha isikhathi eside bokuthembana hlangana nabadlalindima abahlukeneko ekunikeleni okuhlangeneko nokukhuphula ukusebenzisana kokunikela ngokuhlangeneko ukuvumela amathuba wokukhuphula izinga. Amagadango azakuthathwa ukukhuthaza ukuthuthuka kobulingani bokunikela okuhlangeneko nokuphalisanako neenqhema ezikulu zepahla yerhwebo.
IBHODULUKO ELIKGHONAKALISAKO LOMTHETHOMGOMO
Ithonyo lombuso lingaba lihle namkha limbi, ngokuya kwemithethomgomo yawo, amahlelo namahlelo wokusebenza. Umbono ukhona kwamanye amahlangothi wezelimo bona eminye imithethomgomo yombuso nokungabikhona kokufezakaliswa ngepumelelo kwamahlelo wombuso aziinliyo ekuphalisaneni kwezelimo nekorweni yokudla kwezelimo. Ngesikhathi imibono yehluka hlangana nabalimi abenza imali nalabo abasafikako ekorweni, kunesivumelwano bona ukungakaneli nokwehlukaniswa kweminye imisebenzi, ukuphatha okungakaqini nokuziphendulela kanye nokufezwa okungasikuhle kweenqunto zesigungu kanye nokufezakaliswa buthaka kweenqunto zesigungu ziindaba ezifuna itjhejo elirhabako. Umbuso ngakho-ke uzakunikela itjhejo elithileko etuthukweni kiwo woke amazinga wokulethwa kwemisebenzi.
UKUPHATHWA KWEENGOZI
Zelimo ngokwehlathululo zilibubulo eliqalane neengozi ezifana nokwehluka kweklayimethi, iinunwana, amalwelwe neengozi zamanani kanye nezehlakalo zemvelo ezifana nesomiso neenkhukhula. Ebujameni beSewula Afrika i-HIV nentumbantonga, ubelelesi, nokukhuphuka okungakajami ndawonye kwemalimboleko engakajami, iinhlekelele zemvelo kanye namanani angakajami ndawonye abangwa yiklayimethi etjhuguluka njalo kuzizinto eziqakatheke khulu ezandisa iindleko begodu neziliya ukuphalisana ekorweni yezelimo zokudla nefayibha ehlukeneko.
Ihlelo elisebenzako lokuphathwa kweengozi liqakathekile ekukhutjhulweni kwamathulusi wokuphathwa kweengozi afana nemikhiqizo yetjhorense yeentjalo, ukuvikelwa kwepahla nekusasa lemakethe yezelimo. Elinye ihlangothi lehlelo lokuphathwa kweengozi elikhulu lihlelo lokuyelelisa msinyana elifaka ukufikelela okwaneleko nokusetjenziswa ngesikhathi kwelwazi elinqophileko nelifaneleko godu nelisimahla mayelana nobujamo bezulu. Nanyana lokhu kungenziwa ngokwaneleko, ilwazi elinjalo manje lizakutholakala ngokusebenzisa ilwazi lamasentha wemakhaya ngokusebenzisa iHlelo leLwazi leJiyografi yezeLimo. Umbuso uzakukhuphula ukusetjenziswa khulu kwalelihlelo lelwazi ngabanye abanikeli.
Ukuvela muva nje kobulwelwe bomlomo neenqatha ne-karnal bunt kugandelele ukuqakatheka kokuqalana ngepumelelo neenunwana, amalwelwe weentjalo neweenlwana. Umleyo owaneleko wokulawula weenhlangano (isibonelo, ukwandisa ukuzibopha kweentjhabatjhaba, ukuziphendulela okuhlukeneko, ikghono lokwelatjhwa kweenlwana elingakaqini nokungabikhona komthangalasisekelo), kanye nekghono elihlukeneko nelingakaneli litjhiya lekoro isengozini.
Ikambiso yamuva nje yokuhlelwa butjha kwemisebenzi yokulawulwa kweentjalo nekhwalithi ligadango lokuthoma ekulungiseni lomraro. Lekambiso kuzakuragwa ngayo ngasikhathi sinye nomthethomgomo nokubuyekezwa komthetho wokuphathwa kweentjalo wenarha namalwelwe weenlwana. Ukungezelela, indlela yokulandelwa ephathelene nobujamo oburhabako be-SPS neendaba zepilo yeenlwana neentjalo isatlanywa, kanye nokuhlonywa kwehlangano ezijameleko yokuphepha kokudla ngokwengeza ikghono ekulawuleni okuthuthukileko. Ngokuya kwegadango eliya ekambisweni etja yokurhwebelana esifundeni se-SADC, iSewula Afrika izakudosa phambili ekukhuphuleni ukusebenzisana esifundeni eendabeni ze-SPS (ukwakhiwa kwamakghono, ukwakha ummoya wokuzwana emazingeni neenkambisweni, njll njll).
Ingozi yamanani iya ngehlathululo lemakethe yezelimo engasenamithetjhwana neenliyo. Ukuqalana neengozi zamanani ngokusebenzisa amathulusi wokulawula iingozi kuzakuqakatheka kibo boke abalimi. Umbuso, ngokusebenzisana nekoro yangeqadi, uzakuhloma ihlelo elingeneleleko lokubandula nokuyelelisa hlangana nabalimi ukukhuthaza ukusetjenziswa kwamathulusi wokulawula iingozi afana nemakethe yezelimo yakusasa. Ingozi yemakethe namanani izakwehla nayo ngelwazi lemakethe elihle nelivela kusesenesikhathi. Lapha umbuso, ngekghono lawo leembalobalo, usese nendima ekulu ongayidlala, kuthi ezinye iinsungulo ezifana nokutlanywa kwamuva nje kweHlelo lobuHlakaniphi lebhizinisi lezeLimo zizakukhuthazwa. Lemizamo izakunikela abalimi nebhizinisi lezelimo ngobuhlakaniphi obufuneka ekuthatheni iinqunto ezitjengisa ilwazi godu nokwehlisa iingozi zemakethe namanani.
ISewula Afrika kwanje ayinahlelo elizinikeleko lokusekela zelimo nezakhiwo zeenhlangano zakanomphela ezisebenzako ukulawula iinhlekelele. Nasiqala lokhu ukutlanywa kwekghono leenhlangano ukufezakalisa ukulawulwa kweenhlekelele nokusungula amahlelo angeneleleko wokuqalana neenhlekelele ezifana neenkhukhula, imililo nezomiso ekorweni yezelimo liragela phambili. Amahlelo anje angafaka amahlelo wokulinganiswa kwemali engenako namahlelo wetjhorense yeengozi azakutlanywa ngesebenziswano hlangana nombuso, abalimi namafemu wangeqadi wetjhorense.
Kokugcina, imizamo yagadesi yombuso yokulawula i-HIV nentumbantonga, ukukhandela ubulelesi, nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kezomnotho mazombe izakuqiniswa ukwehlisa ezinye izinto eziyingozi ekorweni.
UKURHWEBELANA KWEENTJHABATJHABA
Ukwanda kokuphalisana kuqiniswa sidingo sokudzimelelisa ukuhlanganiswa kwekoro emnothweni wephasi godu kubonakala ngekghono lakho lokuthengisa imikhiqizo emakethe yephasi. Lokhu kungaba nesandla ekukhuleni komnotho ngokusebenzisa ukufikelela emakethe.
Izenzo zombuso zokusekela amathuba wokurhwebelana aqakathekile kodwana azakufuna ukutjhejwa kwesekelo elingeneleleko nokuvikelwa kwezelimo zephasi, iimakethe nokukhulumisana kwezerhwebelano ekwenzeni ikundla yephasi ilingane kezelimo zeSewula Afrika.
Zelimo zeSewula Afrika kufanele zijamelane nebhoduluko elibunjwa kukhula kwezinga lokudlulisela kwezelimo, umthelo ophezulu nokhulanjalo epahleni engenako kanye nokungabikhona kokwenziwa kwezinto tjhatjhalaza ziinarha ezithuthukileko. Iimakethe kileziinarha godu zibunjwa ziinliyo ezingasingezomthelo obhadelwa epahleni engenako ezivela kanengi ngokuzifihla okufana namagadango arareneko weentjalo, zepilo yeenlwana neentjalo. Iinkambiso zekhaya nokulawulwa kwemikhawulo ayikaneli ukujamelana nokulahlwa, ukulethwa ngenarheni kwepahla ngokungasimthetho kanye nokusetjenziswa ngokwaneleko kwe-SPS kanye namagadango wekhwaranthini emangenweni wamadoyelo weenkepe. Amagadango we-SPS wekhayapha kanye namazinga esikhathini esidluleko akhenge akhambisane nebelo lokukhula kwepahla ephumako nepahla engenako, ngesikhathi okufunwa mabubulo mayelana nendaba ye-SPS kungazange kunikelwe itjhejo elifaneleko mbuso namkha kubekwe ngaphasi kokumorosa isikhathi okubeneendleko ezinengi.
Isiko eleyame khulu kezokukhuphela ngaphandle alikho pheze kiwo woke amahlangothi wezelimo eSewula Afrika kanti nokutlanywa kwemikhandlu yokukhupha kezelimo kusese yinto etja. Isekelo elizinikele ekukhutjhweni kezelimo belingekho ukusukela ekususweni kwehlelo lemivuzo mazombe yokukhupha ngo1997.
Okuqakathekileko, indlela yeqadi yokufuneka (sitjho ukususwa kweenliyo zokufikeleleka emakethe nephaliswaneni elingakalungi) kanye nendlela yeqadi yokunikela (sitjho ukuthuthukiswa kokukhupha) kuyafuneka ukuvuna ngokwaneleko imivuzo yezomnotho erhwebelwaneni leentjhabatjhaba. Lokhu hlangana nokhunye kufuna okulandelako:
Ukuzibandakanya okuphumelelisako e-WTO ukulungisa isekelo elidluleleko nelingasiqiniso nokuvikelwa kwezelimo zephasi
Iinsungulo zokukhuphula irhwebelano ezikhambelana neSewula Afrika (sitjho ukuziKhakhazisa ngobuSewula Afrika), izinga eliphezulu lamagama wamatshwayo werhwebo kanye nesekelo elibunqopha nelizinikeleko kezelimo nezokwenza ezirareneko (isibonelo, ukukhutjhulwa kwemakethe yokukhuphela ngaphandle neenqiniseko zeenkolodo)
Ukuhlolisiswa okungikho kweendleko nemivuzo kweemvumelwano zerhwebo ekambisweni yokwenza namkha ukuphethwa
Umthethomgomo ocacileko nolinganako wokuvikelwa kwemithelo emayelana nekoro yezelimo, kanye nokuncitjhiswa kweenkambiso ezifaneleko
Isebenziswano eyeqa imikhawulo, isibonelo, i-SADC ekuhloswe ngayo ukuthola ukukhiqiza ngobunengi okuqakatheke khulu ekuthumeleni ngaphandle, ukusabalalisa nokukhangisa namkha ukwehlisa iindleko zemikhiqizo ngokusebenzisa amasiso ahlanganeko mayelana nerhubhululo elinqophe irhwebo
Ukupatrolwa kwemikhawulo ukukhandela ukukhuphela ngaphandle okungasi semthethweni, imisebenzi ephambene nomthetho kanye nokusetjenziswa okungasi kuhle kwe-SPS namagadango wekhwaranthini nemithetho yokusungula. Ekulungiseni lezizinto umbuso sele usekambisweni yokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yokuhlola kwawo, ukungezelela abasebenzi emikhawulweni nokurhelebha i-SARS ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yayo yemikhwulweni. Ukungezelela, umbuso uzakuqintela amasango wemikhawulo wokungenisa ipahla yezelimo ukuphatha khulu iimbalo nokuqinisekisa bona zoke zihlanganiswa ne-ofisi ekulu ngemitjhini.
Ngelinye igadango ekuthuthukiseni amathuba wokurhwebelana itjhejo lizakunikelwa ukuthuthukisa ikghono nokuzwisiswa kwamagadango wokuthutha isila nesila yeentjalo. Ngalokhu umbuso uzakuhloma ijima elikhambelana nokuqakatheka kwerhwebo ukubandakanya ngokubonakalako nokwakha ubudlelwana nabaphathi emakethe ekhona nje ekulu nezakuba khona yokukhupha ukuqinisekisa amagadango asekelwe kezesayensi, azwana namazinga weentjhabatjhaba godu nokuthi ukwazana kuyasetjenziswa. Ukudlula lapho, umbuso uzakuzibandakanya nabalingani be-SADC eenhlanganweni ezibeka amazinga weentjhabatjhaba ngombono wokugcina ukuphatha ngokukghona kodwana amazinga weentjhabatjhaba asekwe esayensini
Umbuso uzakuphuhlisa itjhuba lokukhupha godu nokufezakalisa iinkambiso zokukhupha ezikhambelanako ekorweni ukuqinisa iphaliswano eemakethe zokukhupha ngokusebenzisa umKhandlu wokuKhupha neenQhema eziSebenza ngokuHlanganyela
Ihlelo lokukhuphula amathuba werhwebo emiphakathini yemakhaya enganalitho (ihlelo lokwehlisa umtlhago elidoswa phambili kukhupha).
Ukuphathwa okudzimeleleko kwemithombo
Umnqopho waleliqhinga kuqinisa ikghono labalimi lokusebenzisa imithombo ngendlela edzimeleleko godu nokuqinisekisa ukusetjenziswa kuhle nokuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo. Lokhu kuzakufuna umbono wesikhathi eside ngombono ocacileko namagugu azakuhlahla ukusetjenziswa kwanje kwemithombo ukuqinisekisa ukunikelwa kwayo esikhathini eside. Leliqhinga lizakuba nomphumela ekutlhogonyelweni kwenarha, ukwabiwa butjha kwenarha, ukusetjenziswa kwenarha ebhodulukweni lemadorobheni, ukubekelwa ngeqadi kwenarha yokulima ethembisa khulu, ukutlhogonyelwa kweendawo zenarha ezizwela msinyana, ukwehluka ngokwebhayoloji namahlelo wamanzi, njll.
Okuqakatheke khulu kileliqhinga kulonda ukwehluka kwezelimo ngokwebhayoloji godu nokukhuphula ukusetjenziswa ngokudzimeleleko kwehlabathi ngokuqiniswa kokukhiqizwa kweentjalo nefuyo ngamahlelo wokulima aqinisiweko nadzimeleleko. Ukungezelela iindlela ezitjha zokuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo emahlelweni wokusekela anganikela ngobujamo lapho woke umuntu kuzakuba nakutholako okungagcina ngemivuzo esikhathi esifitjhani ebalimini kuthi ngesikhathi sinye kube nesandla emnqopheni wesikhathi eside wokutlhogomela isisekelo semithombo yemvelo.
Ukonakala kwehlabathi nemithombo yamanzi kuletha ingozi ekulu enarheni. Iindlela kufanele zenziwe ukuqeda imbangela yokonakala. Iinhlangano zezakhiwo zesekelo netjhuguluko elingezelelekako emikghweni ekhona yokulima zizakufuneka ukuthuthukisa ukusetjenziswa kwamanzi nehlabathi. Ukufakwa kwamahlelo wokulima anamandla ngehlelo lokudlhegana elikhanjelaniswako angaba nesandla esikhulu kilelihlangothi.
Ihlabathi, amanzi namahlelo wokonga azakunqotjhiswa eendaweni lapho kunethuba elaneleko lepumelelo: lapho igandelelo lesitjhaba liphezulu, iindleko zabasebenzi ziphasi, ukuvikeleka kwenarha kuphezulu, itheknoloji yokukhiqiza itholakala khona godu nalapho kunokufikeleleka kwemakethe, okufakwako nemisebenzi. Ngokunjalo ukufezakaliswa ngepumelelo kwemisebenzi yesekelo yezelimo kungadlala indima ebonakalako ekusetjenzisweni ngokudzimeleleko nekuphathweni kwemithombo yemvelo.
Amahlelo aragela phambili aqalwako kwanje ukuthuthukisa ukudzimelela ku:
thuthukiswa kwamahlelo wokwandiswa kweentjalo agcina naqinisa ukwehluka ngokwamajini jama ndawonye kokutlhogonyelwa kweenlwana neentjalo godu nokwehluka emahlelweni wokulima amahle kezomnotho sisa emthangalenisisekelo nemisebenzini ukusekela ukusetjenziswa ngokudzimeleleko kwenarha thuthukiswa kwehlelo lebhayotheknoloji ukunikela ubuhle besikhathi eside eSewula Afrika nebantwini bayo khuthaza ukukhiqiza ngokufunda ngokukhula kweentjalo ngamabanga wezepilo newokungenisa indzuzo beka ukukhiqiza nokudzimelela ngaphakathi kwehlelo lokulima. Lokhu kusekela amahlelo wokukhiqiza amahle ebhodulukweni, kufaka ukukhiqiza okuhlangeneko. Ukuphathwa kweentjalo okuhlangeneko nokulima ngokusebenzisa izinto zemvelo.
Amahlelo anqophileko nemisebenzi izakulinganiswa ngombono ofaka zoke izinto nemithethokambiso yokuphathwa ngokudzimeleleko kwemithombo yemvelo.
Amaqhinga wokungezelela
Izinto ezihlukeneko zamaqhinga amakhulu (isibonelo, ukulingana, ukuphalisana nemithombo edzimeleleko isebenzisa amaqhinga) akhamba buthabalala begodu nazokufaka isandla ekutlameni nekubuyiseni ithemba kezelimo. Umbuso uthatha ithemba njengento eqakathekileko ekukhuleni kwakusasa kwekoro. Nasicabanga lokhu amahlelo alandelako wokusekela nokukghonakalisa afanisiwe:
Ukuphatha okuhle
Ituthuko yemakhaya ehlangeneko nedzimeleleko
Ilwazi nemiqondo emitjha
Isebenziswano yeentjhabatjhaba
Ukuphepha nokuvikeleka
Lamaqhinga aqakathekile ngombana anikela ngesisekelo esiqakathekileko ngaphandle kwaso ihloso yeqhinga lezelimo eziphalisanako, ezifaka woke umuntu nezidzimeleleko lingasoze lafikelelwa. Lamaqhinga azakunikelwa itjhejo elikhulu begodu ahlathululwa ngokwaneleko.
Ukuphatha okuhle
Umthethakambiso wokuphatha okuhle sihlanganiso sephasi esikhamba phakathi kweqhinga mazombe. Lisebenza ingasi embusweni kuphela kodwana kibo boke abadlalindima bekoro. Ngaphakathi kombuso umleyo wokuphatha okuhle ukwakha ikoro yomphakathi yezelimo ehlangeneko, eqale khulu amakhastama neyenza izinto tjhatjhalaza kuzakuba yinto eqakatheke khulu ukuqinisekisa isisekelo esihle sokufikelela ihloso yamazombe.
Ilunga eliqakatheke khulu ekuphathweni kuhle kweqhinga kuzakuba kusebenzisana. Kokuthoma, umbuso uzakuthuthukisa umleyo wokusebenzisana hlangana nekoro yombuso nekoro yangeqadi kanye nama-NGO ukunikela amandla emaqhingeni wekoro, okukulingana, ukuphalisana nokudzimelela. Umleyo lo uzakufaka okulandelako:
Iindlela ezizakulandelwa ekuphathweni kokusebenzisana hlangana godu naphakathi kwamahlangothi weminyango yombuso
Amazinga wokulethwa kwemsebenzi okhambisana nomthethomgomo womBuso wokulethwa kwemisebenzi i-Batho Pele
Iimvumelwano zokusebenzisana hlangana komBuso neenqhema zemikhiqizo neenhlangano zabalimi
Isahluko eQhingeni eliHlangeneko leTuthuko ukuhlahla imiBuso yemaKhaya ngamahlangothi mazombe aphathelene nezelimo
Iinhlangano zabanezabelo hlangana nomBuso neenhlangano zomphakathi ezifana nomKhandlu wesiTjhaba wokuKhangiswa kwezeLimo, umKhandlu weRhubhululo kezeLimo kanye neBhanka yezeNarha
Iimvumelwano zokulethwa kwemisebenzi hlangana nemibuso yamaphrovinsi neenhlangano zesitjhaba
Amahlelo webandulo wombuso wesitjhaba ukusekela iinhlangano zombuso, amaphrovinsi nemibuso yemakhaya.
Ikhwalithi nekghono lemisebenzi elethwa mBuso izakuqakatheka ekutholeni ihloso yekoro yezelimo ejamele woke umuntu. Eminye imisebenzi yombuso nemithethomgomo iqakathekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphalisana ekorweni. Iimbonelo mleyo omuhle nosebenza kuhle wokulawula godu nekghono mazombe. Ngalelibanga indlela etja yokulethwa kwemisebenzi izakutlanywa khona kuzakwengezwa ukuphendula nokuziphendulela kibo boke abanikela ngemisebenzi ekorweni yomphakathi neyangeqadi neendingweni zabalimi namabhizinisi wezelimo. Inani lokukhutjhwa kwemisebenzi nalo lizakulungiswa. Ukwanda kwekghono godu nokutjhuguluka lula kuzakutholakala ngokusabalalisa, ukufaka amakontraga nokwabelana ngeendleko zemisebenzi. Ukunqopha okuthileko kuzakunikelwa okulandelako:
Ukukhetha ihlangano yekhaya ezakwamukela ukuziphendulela okusatjalalisiweko
Ukubeka isisekelo somthetho nesokuvumelana ekwabiweni kokuziphendulela kanye nokugeleza kuhle kweemali
Ukwenza imithetho yehlangano "imithetho yomdlalo"
Ukulungiselela ubujamo mazombe bokuthola ilwazi kilezonhlangano ezenze iimvumelwano
Ukuhloma imihlahlandlela yokufaneleka
Ukuhloma isivumelwano esisisekelo neenkambiso zokuthola
Ukuhloma ikambiso bona woke odlala indima kufanele afake isandla khulu ekambisweni
Ukuhloma imiphumela yokungadlali indima
Enye ihloso yeqhinga lokuphatha okuhle kubeka umBuso njengomlingani onemithethomgomo ehloniphekileko, ejame ndawonye nebonakala lula namahlelo aqinisekisa ukulethwa kwemivuzo emikhulu yezelimo. Izenzo ezithileko ezizakufezekaliswa zizakufaka okulandelako:
Ukutlama butjha i-MiniMec ibe mKhandlu waboNgqongqotjhe bezeLimo ukunqophisa ukuphathwa kwemisebenzi yombuso ekuhlangabezeni iminqopho mazombe yekoro yezelimo enarheni
Ihloso yokugcina yeqhinga lokuphatha okuhle kukwakha indlela ehlangeneko nenamahlangothi amanengi ekufaniseni, ekuphatheni nekwabelaneni ngepahla yelwazi lezelimo nelwazi lekoro yomphakathi. Amahlangothi amakhulu azakufaka ukuthuthukiswa komhlahlandlela, umleyo wehlangano neenkambiso zokuphatha kezelimo.
Iindlela zokwenza zokuphatha ngokusebenzisana hlangana nemibuso ehlangeneko zizakufaka umleyo womthetho ozakuqalelela ubudlelwano hlangana nemibuso kezelimo; ucacise iindima nokuziphendulela hlangana kweminyango yemibuso yamaphrovinsi neyesitjhaba yezelimo nombuso wekhaya; ukuhloma umleyo wokuhlahla bewuphathe ukwakhiwa, ukulinganiswa ukufezakaliswa, ukweluswa nokulinganiswa kwemithethomgomo namahlelo; nokuhloma umleyo wokukhambelanisa okuhlangeneko kokutlanywa kwebhajethi nokusetjenziswa kwemali; ukufaka ihlelo lokuphathwa kwelwazi; ukufaka umleyo nemikghwa namazinga wamaqhinga wokuthuthukiswa kwamakghono wabantu; nokukghonakalisa ikghono lehlangano lokwakha lama-PDA nemibuso yemakhaya.
Indlela elandelwako yesebenziswano hlangana komphakathi-umbuso-nekoro yangeqadi, ngakelinye ihlangothi, izakuqala ekuqinisekiseni bona omunye nomunye umsebenzisani womphakathi okhona ekambisweni ukhuthazwa bona afake ilitho. Indlela elandelwako izakuqinisekisa bona abadlalindima bayakhuthazwa bona bathathe indima yoburholi eendaweni lezo ezikhambelana nabo. Kuze kube nje, umBuso uzakuqalelela iindawo zeempahla nemisebenzi yomphakathi efana nemithethomgomo, imithetho, imithetjhwana, umthangalasisekelo womphakathi nemisebenzi. Kilendima, ibubulo nabalimi bazakulindelwa bona bafake isandla ekuthuthukisweni nekukhanjisweni ngekghono kwamabhizinisi wabo neenhlangano ezibajameleko kanye nokuzwakalisa ikareko yabo embusweni. Amahlelo wesebenziswano azakubakhona hlangana komBuso, ibubulo nabalimi lapho omunye angasoze enza ibhizinisi ayedwa. Ezinye zeendawo okukhulunywa ngazo zifaka ukuthuthukiswa kwamakghono wabasebenzi, ukunikelwa kwemisebenzi engezelelweko, ukwenziwa nokuthuthukiswa kweenhlangano zabalimi, nerhubhululo nokudluliswa kwetheknoloji.
Kokugcina, umBuso usendleleni yokuhloma umleyo wokulethwa kwamazinga wemisebenzi, ozakwaziswa ebasebenzisanini bawo bomphakathi nesitjhaba mazombe. Ngokuya komthethomgomo we-Batho Pele mayelana nokulethwa kwemisebenzi, umnqopho wamazinga wokulethwa kwemisebenzi kughonakalisa abasebenzisani bomphakathi nomphakathi bona balandelele umBuso mayelana nokulethwa kwemisebenzi ozinikele bona uzayiletha godu ngezinga lekhwalithi elithenjisiweko.
Ituthuko yemakhaya ehlangeneko nedzimeleleko
Ihloso mazombe yeQhinga eliHlangeneko neliDzimeleleko leTuthuko yemaKhaya (SRDS) kutjhugulula iindawo zemakhaya zeSewula Afrika zibe nesandla kezomnotho, zidzimelele emphakathini godu nekoro enokuzwana nedlala indima ekulu emkhiqizweni woke wesitjhaba (GDP). I-SRDS ngakho-ke izakuba nomphumela omuhle ekorweni yezelimo nekorweni yoke yemakhaya.
ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wekhaya ngetjhejo elithileko elinqotjhiswe emadorobheni wemakhaya, emasentheni wemisebenzi kanye neendaweni zemakhaya ukuqiniswa kwephrofayili nendima yezelimo namabubulo ahlobeneko eenkambisweni zeQhinga eliHlangeneko leTuthuko ikakhulukazi leemphathimandla zendawo itjhejo elikhethekileko lizakunikelwa ekukhuphuleni ukwenziwa kwengeniso nemisebenzi yokuziphilisa yabomma, abatjha nabarholopheleko ezakuqaliswa khulu ekuhlangabezeni iindingo zemindeni etlhagako neemfuno zemakethe yekhaya amahlangothi wokuthuthukiswa kweendawo zemakhaya ukutlanywa kokuhlaliswa emakhaya ukutjheja imikghwa emitjha yokuhlalisa eyenzekako ukusukela ukuqedwa kwemithetho yokuhlalisa yebandlululo nokuvela kwehlelo langemva kwaka-1994 lentando yenengi.
Isekelo elikhulu lombuso nokuzinikela ekufezakalisweni ngepumelelo kweQhinga eliHlangeneko neliDzimeleko leTuthuko yemaKhaya liqakathekile epumelelweni yeqhinga lekoro. Iqhinga lizakuba nomphumela ebantwini abatlhagako bemakhaya, kodwana imizamo izakwenziwa ukutjheja abomma, abantu abatjha nabarholopheleko. Ikoro ephumelelako yezelimo izakwakha ihlangothi eliqakatheke khulu letuthuko ehlangeneko nedzimeleleko yemakhaya nangehlanekelo.
Ilwazi nemiqondo emitjha
Umnotho wephasi utjhugululwa ngokurhaba bona ube mnotho welwazi nomnotho wezokuthintanisa. Kileliphasi, imiqondo emitjha ebukhali nelwazi ziqakathekile ekuphalisaneni okudzimeleleko nokunendzuzo. Kungalamabanga lapho abasebenzisani eqhingeni mazombe babeka isayensi netheknoloji njengokuqakatheke khulu ehlelweni lokungezelela. Ihloso ekulu yalelihlelo kungezelela umbono nekghono lemiqondo emitjha kubadlalindima begodu nokuhlanganisa laba nemakethe yangomuso.
Lokhu kufanele kurholele ekungezelelekeni kwamasiso nekusetjenzisweni kwemikhiqizo ephambili neyesimanje esuka erhubhululweni, ebandulweni nekukhulisweni kwamahlelo. Ngokufezakalisa lelihlelo ikoro ilinga ukusebenzisa irhubhululo elisisekelo namahlelo wefundo akhambelanako ukuphuhlisa itheknoloji etja neqakatheke mazombe, (bhayotheknoloji, ilwazi, ukuthintana) kanye nemihlobo ehlukeneko yetheknoloji ekhuphula izinga ukuveza izinga langomuso. Lokhu kokugcina kuzakuqinisa iphaliswano elidzimeleleko lemikhiqizo ye-Sewula Afrika eemakethe zephasi begodu kurhelebhe ukuhlangabezana neemfuneko eziqinileko zokuphepha kokudla ezibekwa ziinarha zeTlhagwini.
Isenzo esithileko esizakufezakaliswa ukukhuphula amasiso erhubhululweni lezelimo, ifundo nekukhulisweni ukusuka ezingeni lanjesi eliphasi eliliphesente li-1,04 ekufakeni isandla kwezelimo emkhiqizweni woke wenarha ofaka nabangaphandle ukuhlangabezana nezinga elibekwe ziintjhabatjhaba okumaphasente ama-3 womkhiqizo woke wenarha kufaka newabantu abangaphandle kwenarha wezelimo, omadanisekako namaphesente ama-3,7 we-USA; amaphesente ama-4 e-Australia, kanye namaphesente ama-2,1 eenarheni ze-EU, khona kuzakuhlangabezwana neselela yekoro ebekwe mBuso kanye netuthuko mazombe ephasini. Ukufika lapha, itjhejo elithileko lizakunikelwa:
ukuthuthukiswa kwesebenziswano hlangana ne-ARC, imiNyango yezeLimo yamaYunivesithi, imiNyango yezeLimo yamaPhrovinsi, ibhizinisi yezelimo namanye neenhlangano zerhubhululo kezelimo ukunqophisa butjha amaqhinga mazombe aqakathekileko, imiqondo emitjha nerhubhululo elitjhugulukako ukuhloma iHlelo lesiTjhaba leRhubhululo lezeLimo ukuhlanganisa, ukukhambelanisa nokuhlanganisa irhubhululo lezelimo nerhubhululo lebubulo neleenhlangano zelimo zeentjhabatjhaba kanye nokukhuliswa kwemisebenzi ukulinganiswa butjha kwesisekelo sokurhelebha ngeemali ukuphuhlisa isebenziswano hlangana kweenhlangano zerhubhululo, amayunivesithi nekoro yangeqadi
Eminyakeni edlulileko ihlelo lerhubhululo lezelimo leSewula Afrika likhuphe imiphumela ekarisako nanyana belithatha ihlangothi lokuthanda abalimi abakhulu nje, godu kunepikiswano yokuthanda isekelo eliragela phambili "emthumbini owaziwako". Ukwehla eminyakeni elitjhumi edluleko kwawo woke amasiso erhubhululweni lezelimo netuthukweni yetheknoloji akuhlangabezani neselela elethwa nguMongameli yokuthuthukiswa kwetheknoloji kanye nokubekwa phakathi kwekoro njengomrholi emnothweni wemakhaya. Umbuso uzakwandisa irhelebho leemali erhubhululweni lezelimo ukuphuhlisa ukuthuthuka okuragela phambili kokuphalisana noburholi ekwenziweni, ukuthintana nebhayotheknoloji eqakathekileko ekusaseni lezelimo zeSewula Afrika.
Inani eliphezulu lokuthenga itheknoloji lingabalekelwa ngamahlelo enziwa ne-R&D kanye nebubulo letheknoloji. Indima yombuso edosa phambili izakufaka:
Ukuqinisekisa bona imizamo yerhubhululo lezelimo ye-ARC, imiNyango yezeLimo yamaYunivesithi, ama-PDA kanye neenhlangano zerhubhululo lezelimo iyakhanjelaniswa beyinqotjhiswe eminqopheni yamazombe eqalwe ekuphalisaneni okudzimeleleko. Ikambiso yanjensi yokuhloma amaHlelo wesiTjhaba weRhubhululo lezeLimo azakuba nalokhu njengeminye yeminqopho yayo.
Ukuqinisekisa bona imiphumela yezomnotho, yokuhlalisana neyebhoduluko ithathelwa phezulu ekuthuthukisweni kwetheknoloji etja
Ukukhulisa ukutjhuguluka kweenhlangano nomphakathi werhubhululo kezelimo lapho kutlhogeka khona
Ukukghonakalisa iinhlangano zerhubhululo lezelimo ukufikelela imithombo yezelimo
Ukunikela isekelo lobudlelwano bokuvumelana hlangana neenhlangano zerhubhululo lezelimo kanye nabajameli beenhlangano zebubulo, godu neenhlangano zerhubhululo zesifunda nezeentjhabatjhaba.
Isebenziswano leentjhabatjhaba
Ukuhlangana kwephasi ngakwezomnotho kuze netjhuguluko elikhulu mayelana nokutholakala lula kwelwazi netheknoloji, ukwanda kokukhamba kweempahla, imisebenzi nabantu abeqa imikhawulo, ukwanda kokunotha kodwana godu nokuragela phambili okungafunekiko kwesikhala hlangana nabanento nabanganalitho.
Ukuvela khulu kweSewula Afrika ngendlela etja yentando yenengi kwandise khulu iimfuneko zokuzibandakanya phezu kwayo emaforamini ahlukeneko weentjhabatjhaba. Leziimfuneko ziliye ikghono layo lokusebenzisa kuhle amathuba nokuhlangabezana neenselela zokuba mdlalindima ephasini emahlangothini amanengi. Ibelo elirhabako letjhuguluko ekuphathweni kwezelimo, irhubhululo, ukurhwebelana nebhoduluko kanye nokungaphatheki kuhle kwekhaya nenarhakazini ngokubakhona kokudla mabanga azwakalako bona iSewula Afrika ihlale iphambili etuthukweni enomthelela kezelimo. Ikareko yethu esebenziswaneni yeentjhabatjhaba ehlangothini lezelimo ibekwa kuqakatheka kwezombanganarha, zerhwebelano, okuqakathekileko kezobuthekniki nebandulo eliqakathekileko ekusekeleni iHlelo Mazombe lekoro yezelimo.
ISewula Afrika ithethe indima yoburholi ekuvikeleni iinsungulo ezithanda ituthuko yesifunda ne-Afrika mazombe. Iimbonelo ezikulu yiNdlela yokwEnza yezeRhwebelano ye-SADC, isiSungulo se-Afrika eTja kanye neenkhundla ezikulu nabangani eenhlanganweni ezinabantu namkha iinqhema ezintathu ezirholela emiphumeleni emihle yetuthuko kezelimo e-Afrika. Umbuso ufanise isebenziswano yeentjhabatjhaba nemiphumela yetuthuko yobungani yeemvumelwano zeentjhabatjhaba njengokuqakatheke khulu esikhathini esilingeneko, godu nokuzihlela butjha ukuhlangabezana ngcono neenselela ezilethwa kukwanda kweemfuneko zabajameli beentjhabatjhaba e-USA, eYuropa kanye nePumalanga eKude.
Iimfuneko zerhelebho lezetheniki elibuya ekhaya ehlangothini lezelimo lisuka esiSungulweni se-Afrika eTja, iinSungulo ze-SADC nemihlanganweni yababili neenarha ze-Afrika. Umbuso, ngokusebenzisana nabadlalindima abahlukeneko, uzakudosa phambili ekuthuthukiseni umleyo werhelebho lezethekniki ekuhloswe ngawo ukuhloma ihlelo eleyame ekwenzeni ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakghono netuthuko esifundeni nenarhakazini ye-Afrika. Ukufika lapha, umbuso uhlose ukusebenzisana nabalingani abangasi ngebe-Afrika.
ESewula Afrika, umBuso uzakufaka abanikeli bangaphandle ekwenzeni ihlelo lokusisa ukusekela ituthuko kezelimo ngokukhambisana neqhinga mazombe.
Nanyana irhubhululo leentjhabatjhaba lirholele emikhiqizweni emitjha yamakhastama, ukutholaka khulu kwelwazi kuveze ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngokuphepha kokudla, imikghwa emihle yokusebenza, njll njll. Ukwanda kokukhathazeka kwamakhastama ngokuphepha kokudla eemakethe eziqakathekileko zeenarha zangaphandle kubeka imikhiqizo esiyikhuphako engozini begodu kufuna iimpendulo ezitjengisa ilwazi nezeyame ekwenzeni kanye nokungenelela okuvela embusweni. Ukuzibandakanya kwasikhathi soke neenhlangano zeentjhabatjhaba ezibeka amazinga, isibonelo, i-FAO Codex Alimentarius, iHlangano yeenTjhabatjhaba yokuVikelwa kweenTjalo, iHlangano yeenTjhabatjhaba yePilo yeenLwana neemvumelwano neenhlangano ezingaba nomthelela kezelimo ezifana nalezo ezifaka ibhoduluko, itheknoloji etja kanye nokuhlakanipha kokuzisungulela ibhizinisi zizinto eziqakatheke khulu nekufanele zenziwe eSewula Afrika emnyakeni kulungwana omutjha. Umbuso uzinikele ekwandiseni ukuzibandakanya kwawo nekuqiniseni ikghono lawo nemithombo khona uzakuthintana neenhlangano ngendlela ehlelwe kuhle esikhathini esiminyaka emithathu ezako.
Ukuphepha nokuvikeleka
Ubulelesi bemakhaya sekusibalo esithusako. Lokhu kuthusela izinzo, okuzakugcina ngokuliya ukusisa kanye nokukhula komnotho eendaweni zemakhaya. Ihlelo elingeneleleko nelizinikeleko liyafuneka ukukhandela izinga eliphezulu lenturhu, ubulelesi, ukusola ekuhlaleni nokungathembani okubusa eendaweni zemakhaya begodu nokuthuthukisa ubujamo obuhle bokusebenza, ubudlelwano bobumakhelwane nethemba elikhulu emiphakathini ethintekako. Ngokuya kwehlelo elinjalo izinto ezilandelako eziqakatheke khulu zizakuthola itjhejo eliphezulu esikhathini esilingeneko nesifitjhani:
Ukwenziwa kweForamu yesiTjhaba yokuThula nokuPhepha ezakuthatha amalunga kibo boke abadlalindima bemakhaya – ukungezelela iinsungulo ezikhona ekukhandeleni inturhu emakhaya, ubulelesi, ukusola ekuhlaleni nokwesaba okubusa imiphakathi yemakhaya kanye nokuthuthukisa ubujamo obuhle bokusebenzela, ubudlelwano obuhle bobumakhelwana nokuthemba okukhulu hlangana nemiphakathi ehlukeneko
Ukuvuselelwa kwehlelo lobulungiswa bobulelesi nezakhiwo zokusekela okufanele zibonwe bezizwakale njengesikhandelo sobelelesi
Istafu se-SAPS ne-SANDF kanye namasotja wesikhatjhana anabasebenzi abanebandulo nelemuko elaneleko lesipholisa nezokuvikela ukuqinisa ikghono lalawo mabutho ukukhandela imisebenzi yobulelesi enarheni, ikakhulukazi eendaweni zemakhaya.
Amalalela athileko wabantu newemali okufanele aqaliswe ku-SAPS ne-SANDF ukukghonakalisa amajoni wokuphepha ukwenza imisebenzi yawo ngokuya kokukhandelwa kobulelesi nokufezakaliswa kweqhinga lokuphepha. Leziimali zizakusetjenziswa ngokuqakatheka nokunikelwa bona zisetjenziswe emahlelweni nemisebenzini yokukhandela ukuhlaselwa kwamaplasi nobulelesi bemakhaya
Ukuqakatheka ngokweqhinga mazombe kweKomiti yesiTjhaba eKhambelanisako neSebenza ngokuQakatheka, njengesakhiwo esikhambelanisako sabo boke abadlalindima eqhingeni lokuvikela emakhaya, izakuqiniswa ngemithombo efaneleko yabantu neyeemali ukuyikghonakalisa ukufezakalisa iqhinga lokuvikela lemakhaya kanye nokukhambelanisa imisebenzi hlangana nabadlalindima nombuso.
Ukufezakalisa iqhinga mazombe lekoro
Umbono we"koro yezelimo ehlangeneko neragela phambili" ufuna abasebenzisani bona babe namaqhinga wokwenza, iintjengiso zokwenza, amazinga wokulethwa kwemisebenzi, amahlelo wokulawula nokulinganisa kanye nokubekwa kweenkhathi khona kuzakufikelelwa iqhinga mazombe elihlangeneko. Godu lifuna umbuso wenze izinto ngendlela ehlukileko - ngebelo elikhulu kanye nokurhabeka godu nangokusebenzisana nabalimi, ibhizinisi lezelimo, ama-NGO kanye neminye iminyango yombuso.
Kuyabonakala ngomleyo wamazombe obekwe lapha bona iqhinga lokwenza elizakuqinisa ukuzibandakanya, ukuphalisana nesithunzi sebhoduluko ekorweni yezelimo lifuna imizamo ehlangeneko ukuqinisekisa okulandelako:
Ukukhambelanisa kwamambala hlangana neenhlangano ezihlukeneko ezizibandakanya ekufezakalisweni, okufaka ezingaphakathi kanye nezihlangana nekoro yomphakathi, yangeqadi neyokuzinikela.
Ukutjheja ihloso kizo zoke leziinhlangano ukuqinisekisa bona zoke zitjheje ukufikelela imivuzo yeentjhabatjhaba, kunokufikelela iinrhuluphelo zeenkoro kuphela
Ukubandula kiwo woke amazinga, godu nangeendlela ezinengi, ezikhamba ukusuka elwazini elingeneleleko lesayensi lokuzibandakanya okukhulu ekufezakaliseni iphrojekthi phasi ebantwini
Ukutlanywa kuhle kwekambiso yokufezakalisa ukuqinisekisa bona amaphrojekthi ayathonywa abe aqedwe ngesikhathi esifaneleko, kanye nokuqalelela ukukhambelanisa hlangana neenhlangano ezihlukeneko namaphrojethi
Ukulandelaniswa kuhle kwezenzo zokufezakaliswa ngezenzo ezitlhogekako zokusekela (ibandulo lamakghono, ukwakhiwa kweenhlangano, ukutlama, njll)
Ukulawula iragelo phambili ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kuhle kwekambiso yokufezakalisa. Lokhu kufuna itjhejo elikhethekileko ekunikelweni kwelwazi nekuphathweni kwamahlelo welwazi kanye nekufakweni kwehlelo lokulawula nokulinganisa.
Iqhinga lokwenza asoze labekwa ngokuzeleko ngaphandle kokuzibandakanya ngokuzeleko kwalabo abanokuziphendulela ngokufezakaliswa kwalo. Iqhinga mazombe lenza iinjamiso ngendlela ehlongozwako yesebenziswano hlangana nomphakathi-umbuso-nekoro yangeqadi begodu wenza isihlongozo sokufezakaliswa babantu ababili. Kuze kufike lapha, ikomiti yababili yakanomphela izakuhlonywa hlangana nabadlalindima abazibandakanya esisungulweni seqhinga mazombe, okumNyango wezeLimo, i-Agri SA ne-NAFU. Imisebenzi esisekelo yalekomiti ku:
Hlathulula ngokuzeleko zoke iinsungulo eziveziweko. Lokhu kuzakufaka amagadango athileko abonelwa ngaphambili, ukufaniswa kwalabo abaphathelene nokufezakaliswa kwalo, ukufaniswa kwalezonhlangano ezifuna ukubandakanywa, ukufaniswa kweminye imithombo (yeemali neminye) kanye nokuvezwa bunqopha kweenkhathi zokufezakalisa.
Ukutlama isakhiwo sokuphatha umsebenzi waso kube kusekela iinhlangano ezinokuziphendulela ngokufezakaliswa kwelinye nelinye ihlelo, nanyana ihlangano isekorweni yomphakathi, yangeqadi namkha yokuzinikela. Isekelweli lizakuba ngilelo elingasoze lathikamezana nelungelo elikhethekileko leenhlangano ezibandakanyekako.
Kutlama umleyo wokubika osekelwe eqhingeni lokulawulwa nokulinganiswa kwamahlelo namaphrojekthi enza iqhinga mazombe. Ikomiti yababili yakanomphela kufanele ibike imiphumela yalezizenzo kubadlaindima abakhulu ngemihla.
AMAHLELO WOKUQAKATHEKILEKO
Njengegadango lokuthoma lokutjhidelisa iqhinga mazombe eduze nokufezakaliswa abasebenzisani mazombe bafanise amahlelo naka aqakathekileko:
Ukufezakaliswa kweqhinga lokuphepha nokuvikeleka ukuletha ukuzinza emakhaya nokuzethemba
Ihlelo lokuphatha elithuthukileko nokufezakaliswa kwesebenziswano nehlelo lokufundisa nokuyelelisa
Ukukhambisa burhaba ihlelo lokwabiwa butjha kwenarha khona kuzakuthuthukiswa zelimo (LRAD)
Ukutjhugulula ihlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwetheknoloji yezelimo begodu nokudluliswa okuya khulu ekuphenduleni kwemakethe
Ukusungula ihlelo lemakethe elifikeleleka khulu (amahlelo welwazi, ikghono lokuqalisiswa kuhle kwezomnotho kenye nenye iphrovinsi)
Ukuthuthukisa nokwenza ihlelo lokuphathwa kuhle kweengozi lisebenze (ihlelo lepilo yeentjalo neenlwana, iinhlekelele, isiqinisekiso sesikwelede)
Ukuqinisekisa iphaliswano elihle – ekhaya neentjhabatjhabeni
Ukufezakaliswa kombono wokwabelana wezabasebenzi netjhuguluko lenarha
Ikambiso yokunikela amandla kizo zoke iinkoro zekoro yokudla kwezelimo. Ngalekambiso amahlelo wokufundisa nokuyelelisa aqakathekile godu azakuhlonywa ngokurhaba okukghonekako ngesekelo loke lombuso
Amasiso anqotjhiweko ukuqinisa iphaliswano (umthangalasisekelo; amanzi; igezi; zokuthintana ngomtato; iintimela; ngommoya; imisebenzi yezemali; ibandulo; ukusetjenziswa kwemitjhini)
Ukwehlisa iindleko zoke zokukhiqiza, kufaka hlangana ukwehliswa khulu kwemithelo kanye neemali ezibhadelwa entengweni yedizeli nokhunye okufakwa nakwenziwa imikhiqizo.
IINKAMBISO
Ikomiti kanomphela ehlanganyelweko izakuba nokuziphendulela ezingeni lesitjhaba ngokulawula iragelo phambili godu nokuqalelela ihlelo lokufezakalisa. Iinqhema ezisebenzako namkha iinqhema zemisebenzi kuzakuba ngeziqakathekileko ekambisweni yokufezakalisa emaphrovinsini begodu zizakubika ekomitini yababili yakanomphela. Abalingani mazombe kufanele baqunte bona imithombo (yemali nabasebenzi) ebuya komunye nomunye umsebenzisani izakuzinikela beyiphathwe ngekambiso yokufezakalisa amahlelo ahlukeneko namaqhinga.
Igadango lokuthoma neliqakathekileko kukhulumisana ngehlelo ngokubanzi ngokukghonakalako. Umqondo kukobana lomtlolo kufanele ufundwe nguwoke woke begodu nokobana ilwazi mayelana nehlelo lokufezakalisa kufanele kwabelwane ngalo njalo nabadlalindima boke. Ikambiso yokulethwa kweqhinga mazombe lekoro ngakho sele ithomile.
