						Lungiswe:   Arhostosi  2005



OKUMUMETHWEKO

A.	IMITJHADO YESINTU NGOKOMTHETHO WOKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADO YESINTU 120 KA 1998	1

B.	UKWABIWA KWAMAFA ATJHIYIWEKO WABANTU ABANZIMA………………21  

C.	UKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADI YESI-ISLAMU NGOKOMTHETHOMLINGWA OWAMUKELA IMITJHADO YESI-ISLAMU  ………………………………………….31                                                                               
          
	IINHLOMELELO

 


ISETHULO

Umtlolo lo azange ubuthelelwe ngehloso yokobana ube mtlolo opheleleko nekuthathwa kiwo amagunya, kodwana umhlahlandlela kwaphela kubasebenzisi malungana nemitjhado nokwabiwa kwamafa

Ngebanga lemithetho yebandlululo imitjhado ethize yamaSewula Afrika wendabuko azange yemukelwe nofana ipheliswe ngaphasi kobujamo obuthize. Umthetho omutjha okukhulunywa ngawo kilomtlolo ulethe amatjhuguluko arhabileko emikhubeni eyenziwako, njengombana kuzakuvela..

Ngokufanako indlela ebekuphathwa ngakhona ipahla yabantu abaNzima abahlongakala bangakabi amafa wabo, beyingekho kumthethosisekelo nakancani nje-ke umthetho ohlonywe milandu wakatelela umNyango wezobuLungiswa kobana utjhugulule ikambiso yawo yomthetho ukuze ikhambisane nomThethosisekelo.

Kungenzeka bonyana ikambiso etja yomthetho okukhulunywa ngayo kilomtlolo nayo ayikhambisani nemikhuba yabantu bendabuko beSewula Afrika, kodwana lokhu akisiyo ihloso yekulumiswano le. Wena uzazibonisele ngalokho! 


ALLEN  WEST
CHIEF:   DEEDS  TRAINING
JUSTICE  COLLEGE
PRETORIA



 
IMITLOLO ESETJENZISIWEKO


IMITJHADO YESINTU

IMILANDU

Ex parte Minister of Native Affairs: In re Molefe v Molefe
1946 AD 315

Ex parte Minister of Native Affairs: In re Yako v Beyi
1948 AD 338

Bopape v Moloto
2001 1 SA 383 T

Nkambula v Linda 
1951 1 SA 377 A

Malaza v Mndaweni 
1975 BAC (C) 45

Mabuza v Mbatha
2003 1 ALL SA 706 (C)

Thembisile v Thembisile 
2002 2 SA 209 T

Kwitshane v Magalela 
1999 4 SA 610 TK

UmThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu 
Act 120 of 1998

Chief Registrar’s Circular 15 of 2000
The Practitioner’s Guide to Conveyancing and Notarial Practice 7th Edition – West
Isahluko 40

IMITJHADO YESIMUSLIMU 

Imilandu

Seedats Executor v The Master
1970 AD 302

Ismail v Ismail
1983 (1) SA 1006 (AD)

Rylands v Edros
1997 (2) SA 690 (C)

Amod v MMF
1999 (4) SA 1319 (SCA)

Daniels v Campbel NO and Others
2004 (5) SA 331 CC


Articles

Goldblatt: Amod v MMF
(2000) 16 SAJHR 138

Bonthuys : The SA Bill of Rights and the Development of Family Law
(2202) 119 SALJ 748

Cachalia – Citizenship, Muslim Family Law and a future South
African Constitution – A preliminary enquiry
(1993) 56 THRHR 392

UKWABIWA

Imilandu

Mthembu v Letsela 
1997 (2) SA 936 T

Mthembu v Letsela 
1998 (2) SA 675 T

Moseneke and Others v The Master and Another 
2001 (2) SA 18 CC

Zondi v President of The Republic of South Africa and Others 
2000 (2) SA 149

Bhe and Others v The Magistrate, Khayelitsha and Others
2005 (1) SA 580 CC

IMITHETHO

UmThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima 
mThetho 38 ka 1927 (isigaba 23)

UmThetho wokuPhathwa kwamaFa 
mThetho 66 ka 1965

UmThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa aTjhiyiweko 
mThetho 81 ka 1987

Isimemezelo R 200 ka 1987

 

A.	UMTHETHO WOKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADO YESINTU 120 KA 1998

 

1.	ISINGENISO

	Ngaphambi kokungena ekulumiswaneni engeneleleko yomThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu (eyaziwa bona “Mthetho”), kuqakathekile ukubonelela ngehlangothi elifitjhani lobujamo kezomthetho okumalungana nemitjhado yesikhuwa kanye “nemitjhado yesintu” okwenziwe ngaphambi kwaka 15 Novemba 2000, (okulisuku umThetho owathoma ukusebenza ngalo). 

2.	IMITJHADO YESIKHUWA NGOKOMTHETHO WOKUPHATHWA KWABANZIMA 38 KA 1927

2.1	Ubujamo ukusuka ngo 1929 ukuya ku 1  Disemba 1988

	Ukuya ngokwesigaba esisuliweko 22(6) somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, imitjhado yesikhuwa yabantu abanzima beyenziwe yaba ngeyokungahlanganyeli ipahla ingafaki inzuzo nokuloba begodu inikela indoda amandla womtjhado (qala ku- Ex parte Minister of Native Affairs: In re Molefe v Molefe 1946 AD 315 no- Bopape v Moloto 2000 1 SA 383 T).  Ukuze bangenise isihlomelelo sokufaka ukuhlanganyelwa kwepahla, inzuzo nokuloba lapha kungazange kwenziwe khona isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado besitloliswe, abantu abanzima bebakatelelekile kobana benze isifungo malungana nalokhu phambi komtjhadisi esikhathini esingangenyanga ngaphambi kobana benze umnyanya womtjhado. 
	Kodwana ukuhlanganyela ipahla okunjalo, njll. bekukghoneka kwaphela nakube indoda beyingakathathi abanye abafazi “ngomtjhado wesintu” ngaphandle komfazi loyo efuna ukumtjhada isikhuwa.  

	Ngomhlaka 1 kuNovemba 1984, umThetho wePahla yemTjhadweni 88 ka 1984 wajanyiswa okwathi -inter alia waphelisa amandla womtjhado indoda ebegade inawo phezu komfazi emtjhadweni wesikhuwa, nofana ngokomthetho wesintu. Umphumela walokhu kwaba kukuthi ukusuka ngomhlaka 1 kuNovemba 1984, amandla womtjahdo indoda ebegade inawo phezu komfazayo ngokomtjhado owajanyiswa ngokwesigaba esisuliweko 22(6) asulwa ukusukela emuva. 

2.2	Umphumela womtjhado wesikhuwa phezu kokuthathana kwesintu okukhona nje

Njengombana abalingani “abathethene isintu” bebangathathwa njengabatjhadene ngokomthetho,  umlingani gade akghona ukuthi ngesinye nesinye isikhathi khibe umtjhado lowo usesekhona azitjhadele omunye umlingani ngokomtjhado wesikhuwa.  Umphumela walokho bekuba kukuthi umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo uginya “wesintu”. (qala ku-Nkambula v Linda 1951 1 SA 377 (A) no-Malaza v Mndaweni 1975 BAC (C) 45.  Umfazi othethwe isintu bekuthiwa “mlingani olahliweko”.  Umfazi othethwe isintu loyo naye gade akghona ukungena emtjhadweni wesikhuwa nenye indoda ngokufanako ukuthathana kwesintu kwabo bekufelela. Ukuthi “ukuthathanokho” kuvuselelwa mThetho wokwAmukelwa komTjhado wesiNtu 120 ka 1998 (isigaba 2) mbuzo okumele amakhotho enze iqunto ngawo.

	Isigaba 22(7) somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, 38 ka 1927, kodwana, ubonelela ngeendlela zokuvikela umndeni olahliweko lokha indoda nayihlongakalako. Malungana neenhloso zokwaba ilifa, ijamo lomhlolokazi nabantwana bomtjhado wesikhuwa gade lithathwa bona lilingana nelomhlolokazi nabantwana bomtjhado wesintu. Okutjho bona ukubekwa phambili kwejamo lomfazi nabantwana bomtjhado wesikhuwa bekuphelelwa mamandla bese babekwa ezingeni elilinganako nelomfazi(abafazi) olahliweko nabantwabakhe.

2.3	Ubujamo ukusuka ngomhlaka 2  Disemba  1988

Ukuya ngokomThetho wokuTjhugululwa komThetho wemiTjhado nePahla yemTjadweni, umThetho 3 ka 1988, othome ukusebenza ngomhlaka 2 Disemba 1988, umThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima ka 1927 watjhugululwa.

	UmThetho wokuTjhugulula waletha amatjhuguluko alandelako:

2.3.1	Ukusulwa kwesigaba 22(6)

Umphumela walokhu kwaba kukuthi yoke imitjhado eSewula Afrika yabekwa esilinganisweni esifanako begodu umThetho wePahla yemTjhadweni 88 ka 1984 nawo wasetjenziswa emitjhadweni yabanzima ebekhona ngemva kwangomhla ka 2 Disemba 1988. Nje-ke imitjhado eyenziwe ngemva kwangomhlaka 2 Disemba 1988 yaba ngehlanganyela ipahla ngaphandle kwanange kwenziwa isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado besatloliswa esikhathini esiziinyanga ezintathu (3) e-ofisini lokutloliswa kwepahla. 

2.3.2	Isiqabo emtjhadweni

Elinye itjhuguluko eliqakathekileko kwaba kukobana “ukuthathana kwesintu” azange kufeleliswe mtjhado wesikhuwa.  Isigaba 22(1) uqabela indoda etjhade isintu kobana ingene emtjhadweni wesikhuwa nomunye umfazi khibe umtjhado wesintu lowow usesekhona (qala ku-Thembisile v Thembisile 2002 2 SA 209 T no Kwitshane v Magalela 1999 4 SA 610 (TK)).

	Ngetjhudu elimbi azange kwenziwe isibonelelo sokobana kwenziwani nakube umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo wenzeke ngemva kowesintu. NoKodwana kuyaqiniswa bonyana umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo awuyelwa. 

2.4	Ubujamo ukusuka ngomhlaka  15  Novemba  2000

Isigaba 3(2) somThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu 120 ka 1998, uqabela umlingani osemtjhadweni wesintu kobana angene emtjhadweni wesikhuwa ukuya ngokomThetho wemiTjhado 25 ka 1961.  Isibonelelo esinjalo kukhulunywa ngaso endimeni 2.3.2 supra, kodwana godu azange kube nesibonelelo sokobana kwenziwani nakube imibandela yomThetho yephuliwe. 

2.5	Imitjhado ekabili eTranskei

	UmThetho wango 1978 wemiTjhado eTranskei, 21 ka 1978 beyivumela indoda esemtjhadweni wesikhuwa kobana ingene emitjhadweni eminye yesintu, ngaphandle kwanange umtjhado wesikhuwa bewungahlanganyeli ipahla.   Ngokufanako, indoda esemtjhadweni wesintu ingangena emtjhadweni wesikhuwa nomfazi wesithathu, kwaphela nange umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo awusingohlanganyela ipahla. 

3.	UKWAMUKELWA KOMTHETHO WEMITJHADO YESINTU  120 KA  1998

	UmThetho uthome ukusebenza ngomhlaka  15 Novemba 2000 bewaletha igadango eliqinileko lokwamukela yoke imitjhado yesintu esemthethweni. UmThetho usebenza ukuthoma emuva begodu kuzakusetjenzwa ngawo isigaba ngesigaba.

3.1	Ukusebenza komThetho

UmThetho usebenza kiyo yoke imitjhado yesintu eyenziwe ngokomthetho wemitjhado yesintu, okutjho imikhuba nokusetjenziswa kwayo ngokwesiko phakathi kwama-Afrika eSewula Afrika begodu obumba ingcenye yesiko labantwabo. 

	Ngalokho kuyakhanya bonyana umThetho lo awukwazi ukubona eminye imibala ngombana usebenza kwaphela ebantwini bendabuko eSewula Afrika, kwaphela nakube umtjhado ugidingwe namkha wagidingwa ngokwemikhuba nokusetjenziswa kwamasiko wabantu bendabuko be-Afrika. 

3.2	Ukwamukelwa kemiTjhado yesiNtu

	Isigaba 2 somThetho sihlukanisa hlangana kwemihlobo emibili yemitjhado yesintu eyamukelekako, okutjho:

3.2.1	Imitjhado yobuTsobe neyesiThembu eyenziwe ngaphambi kwangomhlaka 15  Novemba  2000

Imitjhado eyenziwe ngaphambi kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000 yamukelwa kwaphela nakube iyaziwa ngokomthetho wesintu begodu nakube beyikhona nakuthoma ukusebenza komThetho. Iindingo okumele zaneliswe mitjhado le ngilezo ezibekwe mthetho wesintu ngokungakahleleki osebenza ngaphandle kwaKwaZulu-Natal nalezo zomthetho wesintu ohlelekileko osebenza KwaZulu-Natal.

3.2.2	Imitjhado yobuTsobe neyesiThembu eyenziwe ngemva kwangomhlaka  15  Novemba  2000

Imitjhado eyenziwe ngemva kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000 kumele ikhambisane neendingo zomThetho.   Iindingo ezihlinzekwa emThethweni naziphikisanako begodu zibhalelwa kukhambisana zizakwenza imitjhado ibe lilize. 

3.3	Iindingo zomtjhado owamukelekako owenziwe ngemva kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba  2000


	Isigaba 3 somThetho sihlinzeka bonyana iindingo ezilandelako kumele zaneliswe malungana nomtjhado wesintu wobutsobe:

	-	Bobabili okumele babe balingani kufanele babe ngaphezu kweminyaka eli- 18 nofana bathathwe bona bamondarha.
	-	Bobabili okumele babe balingani kumele bavumelane kobana batjhada ngokomthetho wesintu. 
	-	Akekho omunye wabalinganabo okumele abe yingcenye yanofana ngimuphi omunye umtjhado wesintu. 
	-	Umtjhado kumele kukhulunyiswanwe ngawo bekwenziwe nofana ugidingwe ngokukhambisana nomthetho wesintu. 

	Ukuze uktjhado wesintu osithembu wamukeleke, phezu kweendingo ezifunekako ezitjhwiwe ngaphezulu, kumele kwenziwe isivumelwano njengombana sihlinzekwe kusigaba 7(6) (ikulumiswano epheleleko ngalokhu isendimeni 5.2.2).

3.4	Ukutloliswa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu

	Isigaba  4 somThetho sibeka isibopho phezu kwabalingani kobana batlolise umtjhadwabo, kodwana ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado lowo akuthinti ubuqiniso bawo. 

	Ukutloliswa kwenziwa sikhulu esitlolisako (emNyangweni wezangeKhaya), kwaphela nakube ilwazi elifunekako eliquntiweko liyalethwa bekubhadelwe. Omunye nomunye umuntu, ingasi kwaphela abalingani, angenza isibawo sokutlolisa umtjhado, kwaphela nakube angaveza ikareko elaneleko malungana nalokho.

	Iindingo malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado nemitlolo okumele izaliswe nobufakazi obumele bilethwe e-ofisini lokutlolisa kusemthetjhwaneni yomThetho begodu angeze kwakhulunywa ngokungeneleleko emtlolweni lo. 

3.4.1	Isibawo esiqaliswe eKhotho

	Isigaba 4(7) somThetho sihlinzeka bonyana ikhotho ingathintwa ngesibawo malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado wesintu. Isigatjanesi singasetjenziswa kwaphela nakube kunombango malungana nobuqiniso bomtjhado kodwana ingasi lokha isikhulu sokutlolisa nasinganasiqiniseko sokusetjenziswa kwemikhuba nokwenziwa kwayo. 

4.	UKULINGANA NGEJAMO NANGAMANDLA KWABALINGANI

	Ngaphambi kokujanyiswa komThetho, umfazi osemtjhadweni wesintu gade athathwa bonyana uhlala angasimondarha  bese indoda ithathwa njengomphathi wamafa. Isigaba 6 gadesi sesihlinzeka abalingani bobabili ngamandla alinganako, ngokukhambisana nomthetho wepahla yemtjhadweni olawula umtjhado. 

5.	UKUQAKATHEKA KOKUPHATHWA KWEPAHLA YEMITJHADO YESINTU

5.1	ImiTjhado yesiNtu eyAmukelekako eyenziwe ngaphambi kwangomhlaka 15  Novemba  2000

Ukuqakatheka kokuphathwa kwepahla yemitjhado enjalo kuhlala kungaphasi kwelawulo lomthetho wesintu, ngokukhambisana nemibandela ekusigaba 6, ekukhulunywe ngayo supra.  Ukuphathwa kwepahlokho kuthathwa khulu bonyana ngokungaphandle kokuhlanganyela ipahla ngaphandle kokubuthelela. 

	Isigaba 7(4) somThetho, nanyana kunjalo, sihlinzeka bonyana abalingani abatjhade ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho ngokuhlanganyela bangenza isibawo ekhotho kobana batjhugulule ilawulo lepahlabo yemtjhadweni, kwaphela nakube kuneenzathu ezizwakalako zokwenza lokho, abakolodwako banikelwa isikhathi esaneleko begodu akunamuntu ozakuzindlekelwa ngetjhuguluko elinjalo. Ikhotho izakugunyaza abalingani ukungena esivumelwaneni bese umtjhado ngemva kwalapho ulawulwa sivumelwaneso. 

5.2	Imitjhado eyAmukelekako eyenziwe ngemva kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba  2000

5.2.1	ImiTjhado yesiNtu yobuTsobe 

Nakube akunamlingani oyingcenye yanofana ngimuphi omunye umtjhado wesintu okhona, umtjhado uzakuba ngohlanganyela ipahla ngaphandle kwanange abalingani bangena esiVumelwaneni sangaPhambi komtjhado bese batlolisa isivumelwaneso e-ofisini lokutloliswa kwamafa. Ehlangothini lamva nje, ukuqkatheka kokuphathwa kwamafa kuzakulawulwa sivumelwano. 

5.2.2	Imitjhado yesiNtu yesiThembu

Indoda efuna ukuthatha godu kumele yenze isibawo ekhotho malungana nomyalo:  

	-	wokulawula ikusasa lokuphathwa kwepahlakhe yomtjhado kuye emfazini azomthatha lowo;
	-	wokuphelisa ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado emtjhadweni okhona gadesi; kanye
	-	nokuhlukanisa ipahla bese kuqinisekiswe bona ihlukaniswa ngokulinganako.

	Ikhotho izosala isibawo esinjalo nakube ifunyana bonyana omunye wabalingani akakavikeleki kuhle ukuya ngokwesivumelwano. 

	Ukuya ngombono wabaLuleki bomThetho bamva nje ofunyenwe mNyango wezangeKhaya, ukwenziwa kwesivumelwano akuphikiswa begodu ukubeba lokho kungabanga bonyana umtjhado lowo ungayelwa.  

6.	UKUPHELISWA KWEMITJHADO YESINTU

             Isigaba 8 godu silethe itjhuguluko ebujameni obudlulileko lapha umtjhado wesintu bewungapheliswa khona ngaphandle kokulayelwa yikhotho. 

	Yoke imitjhado eyamukelekako yesintu, nanyana ngotlolisiweko nofana awa, kumele ipheliswe yikhotho,  (iKhotho ePhakemeko, iKhotho yomNdeni nofana iKhotho yokuTlhalana ukuya ngokomThetho 9 ka 1929).Imibandela yomThetho wokuTlhalana 24 ka 1987 isebenza emtjhadweni wesintu begodu umtjhado onjalo ungapheliswa kwaphela ngeenzathu zokungasalungiseki kokuphuka kwawo.

	Ukubuyiselwa kwe”lobolo” yinto okusakhulunyiswana ngayo gadesi nje begodu umgodli walo kumele ahlanganyele ekambisweni nakube “ilobolo” kumele libuyiselwe.

7.	UKUTJHUGULULWA KWEHLELO LOMTJHADO

	Isigaba 10 sivumela abalingani abasemtjhadweni wesintu wobutsobe kobana batjhade ngokomThetho wemiTjhado 25 ka 1961.

	UmThetho, nanyana kunjalo, awuvumeli umlingani osemtjhadweni wesikhuwa kobana angene emtjhadweni wesintu nomlinganakhe lowo (qala isigaba 10(4)).

	UmThetho udzujuliwe begodu ufundeka ngalendlela:






	“UKWAMUKELWA KOMTHETHO WEMITJHADO YESINTU   120 KA  1998

	“IHLOSO

	Kubonelela malungana nokwamukelwa kwemitjhado yesintu; ukutjho iimfuneko zomtjhado wesintu ovumelekileko; ukulawula ukutloliswa kwemitjhado yesintu; ukubonelela abalingani abasemtjhadweni wesintu ngejamo namandla alinganako;  ukulawula ukuphathwa kwamafa emtjhadweni wesintu kanye namandla wabalingani emitjhadweni enjalo; ukulawula ukupheliswa kwemitjhado yesintu; ukubonelela malungana nokwenziwa kwemithetjhwana; ukusula imibandela ethize yemithethi ethize; kanye nokubonelela malungana neendaba eziphathelene nalokho.

1.	Iinhlathululo

	EmThethweni lo, ngaphandle kwanange ingqikithi itjho okuhlukileko –

	‘ikhotho’ kutjho iKhotho ePhakemeko yeSewula Afrika, ikhotho yomndeni eyahlonywa ngaphasi kwanofana ngimuphi umthetho nofana iKhotho yokuTlhalana ehlonywe ngokwesigaba 10 somThetho wokuTjhugululwa kokuPhathwa, 1929 (umThetho 9 ka 1929);

	‘umthetho wesintu’ kutjho imikhuba nokusetjenziswa okwenziwa ngokwesiko ebantwini beSewula Afrika abadabuka e-Afrika nebumba ingcenye yesiko labantwabo; 

	‘umtjhado wesintu’ kutjho umtjhado owenziwa ukuya ngokomthetho wesintu;

	‘ilobolo’ kutjho ipahla eyimali nofana engasiyimali ebizwa bonyana lilobolo, bogadi, bohali, xuma, lumalo, thaka, ubukhazi, magadi, emabheka nofana kubizwa nganofana ngiliphi elinye ibizo ekhutjhwa mkhwenyana nofana ngusomkhwenyana linikelwe usomntazana ngokuhlonipha umtjhado wesintu; 

	‘uNgqongqotjhe’ kutjho uNgqongqotjhe womNyango wezangeKhaya;

	‘qintelweko’ kutjho okuqintelwe ngokomthetjhwana ngaphasi kwesigaba 11;

	‘isikhulu esitlolisako’ kutjho nanyana ngimuphi umuntu okhethwe kobana abe sikhulu sokutlolisa malungana neenhloso zomThetho lo nguNgqongqotjhe nofana sikhulu esije siphethe ngegunya elitloliweko lakaNgqongqotjhe; 

	‘umThetho lo’ kufaka hlangana imithetjhwana; kanye

	‘nomrholi wendabuko’ kutjho nanyana ngimuphi umuntu ngokomthetho wesintu nofana omunye nomunye umthetho ophethe isikhundla ekubuseni kwesintu.

2.	Ukwamukelwa kwemitjhado yesintu

	(1)	Umtjhado omtjhado owamukelekako ngokomthetho wesintu begodu nogade sele ukhona nakuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, uthathwa njengomtjhado malungana nazo zoke iinhloso. 

	(2)	Umtjhado wesintu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, okutjho bona ngeemfuneko zomThetho lo, uthathwa njengomtjhado malungana nazo zoke iinhloso..

	(3)	Nakube umuntu umlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, yoke imitjhado yesintu eyamukelekako eyenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, ithathwa njengemitjhado malungana nazo zoke iinhloso.  

	(4)	Nakube umuntu umlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, yoke imitjhado enjalo eyenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, ekhambisana nemibandela yomThetho lo, ithathwa njengemitjhado malungana nazo zoke iinhloso. 

3.	Iimfuneko malungana nobuqiniso bemitjhado yesintu

	(1)	Ukuze umtjhado wesintu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo ube nobuqiniso 

		(a)	abazokuba balingani 

			(i)	kumele bobabili babe ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-18; begodu

			(ii)	kumele bavumelane kobana bayatjhadana ngaphasi komthetho wesintu; begodu

		(b)	kukhuluntiswane ngomtjhado bekungenwe kiwo nofana ugidingwe ngokomthetho wesintu. 

	(2)	Ngaphandle kwanjengombana kuhlinzekwe kusigaba 10 (1), akunamlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ozakuvumeleka bonyana angene emtjhadweni ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado, 1961 (umThetho 25 ka 1961), khibe umtjhadwakhe wesintu usesekhona. 

	(3)	(a)	Nakube nofana ngimuphi wabalingani okukhulunywa ngabo akasimondarha, bobabili ababelethi bakhe, nofana nakube akanababelethi, umtlhogomelakhe wangokomthetho kumele kube nguye ogunyaza umtjhado lowo. 

		(b)	Nakube imvumo yababelethi nofana abatlhogomeli bangokomthetho abatholakali, kusetjenziswa isigaba 25 somThetho wemiTjhado, 1961.

	(4)	(a)	Ngaphandle kwesigatjana  (1) (a) (i), uNgqongqotjhe nofana esinye nesinye isikhulu sombuso esigunyazwe ngokutloliweko  nguNgqongqotjhe, singanikela imvumo etloliweko umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka eli-18 kobana angene emtjhadweni wesintu nakube uNgqongqotjhe nofana isikhulu esitjhwiweko babona bonyana umtjhado lowo ufanele ube khona begodu uqakathekile kilabo abatjhadako. 

		(b)	Imvumo leyo ayibatjhaphululi abatjhadako kusibopho sokukhambisana nazo zoke ezinye iimfuneko eziqintelwe mthetho..

		(c)	Nakube umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka eli-18 ungene emtjhadweni wesintu ngaphandle kwemvumo etloliweko kaNgqongqotjhe nofana isikhulu esifaneleko, uNgqongqotjhe nofana isikhulu, angathi nakube ubona bonyana umtjhado lowo ufanelekile begodu uqakathekile kilabo abatjhadako, bgodu nalube umtjhado lowo gade ukhambisana nomThetho ngeendlela zoke, amemezele ngokutloliweko bonyana umtjhado lowo kumtjhado wesintu owamukelekako.

	(5)	Ngokukhambisana nesigatjana  (4), isigaba 24A somThetho wemiTjhado, 1961, sisebenza emtjhadweni wesintu womuntu ongasimondarha ongene emtjhadweni ngaphandle kwemvumo yombelethi, umtlhogomeli, ukomitjhinara wezehlalakuhle yabantwana nofana ijaji, nofana kungayiphi indlela. 


	(6)	Ukuqabelwa komtjhado wesintu phakathi kwabantu ngebanga lobudlelwano babo ngokweengazi nofana ngokuzenzakalela kujanyiswa mthetho wesintu. 

4.	Ukutloliswa kwemitjhado yesintu

	(1)	Abalingani bontjhado wesintu banesibopho sokuqinisekisa bonyana umtjhadwabo uyatloliswa. 

	(2)	Nanyana ngimuphi umlingani angenza isibawo esikhulwini sokutlolisa ngeforomo eliqintelweko malungana nokutloliswa komtjhadwakhe wesintu  begodu kumele anikele isikhulu sokutlolisa ilwazi elingezelelako elingadingwa sikhulu sokutlolisa ukuze azanelise kobana umtjhado lowo ukhona. 

	(3)	Umtjhado wesintu  

		(a)	okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi kokuthoma komThetho lo, nongakatloliswa ukuya nganofana ngimuphi umthetho omunye, kumele utloliswe esikhathini esiziinyanga ezili-12 ngemva kokuthoma lokho nofana esikhathini eside njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angaqunta ngeenkathi ezithize ngesaziso kuGazethe; nofana 

(b)	okungenwe kiwo ngemva kokuthoma komThetho lo, kumele utloliswe esikhathini esiziinyanga ezintathu ngemva komtjhado lowo nofana esikhathini eside njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angaqunta ngeenkathi ezithize ngesaziso kuGazethe. 

	(4)	(a)	Isikhulu esitlolisako kumele, nakube sanelisekile bonyana abalingani benze umtjhado wesintu owamukelekako, sitlolise umtjhado ngokurikhoda isifaniso sabalingani, isuku lomtjhado, ilobolo okuvunyelwene ngalo kanye nanofana ngiyiphi eminye imininingwana equntiweko. 

		(b)	Isikhulu esitlolisako kumele sinikele abalingani isitifikeyiti sokutloliswa, esinemininingwana equntiweko. 

	(5)	(a)	Nakube nofana ngasiphi isizathu umtjhado wesintu awutloliswa, nanyana ngubani owanelisa isikhulu sokutlolisa bonyana yena nofana umlinganakhe unekareko elaneleko endabeni, angenza isibawo esikhulwini esitlolisako ngendlela equntiweko ukubuza ngokuba khona komtjhado lowo. 

		(b)	Nakube isikhulu esitlolisako sanelisekile bonyana umtjhado wesintu owamukelekako ukhona nofana ukhe waba khona phakathi kwabalingani, kumele sitlolise umtjhado besikhuphe nesitifikeyiti sokutlolisa njengombana kuzalisiwe kusigatjana (4).

	(6)	Nakube isikhulu esitlolisako asikaneliseki bonyana abalingani bangene emtjhadweni wesintu owamukelekako, kumele sale ukutlolisa umtjhado. 

	(7)	Ikhotho ingathi ngesibawo esenziwe ekhotho leyo begodu nangokuphenyisisa okuhlonywe yikhotho, ilayele bonyana-

		(a)	kutloliswe umtjhado wesintu; nofana

		(b)	kusulwe nofana kulungiswe nofana ngikuphi ukutloliswa komtjhado wesintu okwenziwe sikhulu esitlolisako.

	(8)	Isitifikeyiti somtjhado wesintu esikhutjhwe ngaphasi kwesigabes nofana omunye nomunye umthetho obonelela ngokutloliswa kwemitjhado yesintu ubumba prima facie ubufakazi bobukhona komtjhado wesintu kanye nemininingwana esesitifikeyitineso. 

	(9)	Ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado wesintu akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado lowo. 

5.	Ukuquntwa kweminyaka yongasimondarha

	(1)	Isikhulu esitlolisako singathi, malungana nomuntu okuthiwa akasimondarha, samukele isitifikeyiti samabeletho, ipasa, isitatimende esifungelweko sombelethi nofana isihlobo songasimondarha, nofana ubufakazi obunjalo isikhulu esitlolisako esingabubona bufanelekile ukuba bufakazi beminyaka yomuntu loyo. 

	(2)	Nakube iminyaka yomuntu okuthiwa akasimondarha ayinabuqiniso nofana kunepikiswano ngayo, begodu iminyaka yomuntu loyo ikhambisana neenhloso zomThetho lo, isikhulu esitlolisako singaletha indaba leyo ngendlela equntiweko ekhotho kamarhistrata ehlonywe ngokomThetho weKhotho kaMarhistrata, 1944 (umThetho 32 ka 1944), okumele siqunte iminyaka yomuntu besikhuphe isitifikeyiti esimalungana nalokho, esibufakazi beminyaka yobudala yomuntu loyo. 

6.	Ijamo elilinganako namandla wabalingani

	Umfazi emtjhadweni wesintu, ngebanga lokulingana nomyenakhe nangokukhambisana nehlelo lepahla yomtjhado elilawula umtjhado, unejamo elizeleko namandla, kufaka namandla wokuzuza ipahla nokuzitjhabalalisa, ukungena eemvumelwaneni kanye nokuphikisa ngokomthetho namandla angahle abe nawo emtjhadweni wesintu. 

7.	Ukuqakatheka kokuphathwa kwepahla yemitjhado yesintu kanye namandla wabalingani wokwenza iimvumelwano  

8.	(1) Ukuphathwa kwepahla yemitjhado yesintu okwenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo kuragela phambili ngokulawulwa mthetho wesintu.

	(2)	Umtjhado wesintu okungenwe kiwo ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, lapha umlingani angasiyingcenye khona yanofana ngimuphi omunye umtjhado wesintu, umtjhado wokuhlanganyela ipahla newokuzuza nokuloba phakathi kwabalingani, ngaphandle kwanange ukuphathwa okunjalo abalingani azange bakufake esivumelwaneni sabo sangaphambi komtjhado esilawula ihlelo lokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado wabo. 

	(3)	Isahluko  III neengaba 18, 19, 20 no 24 zesaHluko IV somThetho wePahla yomTjhado, 1984 (umThetho 88 ka 1984), sisebenza malungana nanofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesintu lapha kuhlanganyelwa khona ipahla njengombana kutjhiwo kusigatjana (2).

	(4)	(a)	Abalingani emtjhadweni wesintu obe khona ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo bangenza ndawonye isibawo ekhotho semvumo yokutjhugulula ihlelo lokulawulwa kwepahla elisebenza emtjhadwenabo nofana emitjhadwenabo begodu ikhotho nakube iyaneliseka bonyana 

			(i)	kuneenzathu ezizwakalako zetjhuguluko elihlongozwako;

			(ii)	kunikelwe isaziso esitloliweko esaneleko setjhuguluko elihlongozwako kibo boke abakolodwa balingani malungana nenani elingaphezu kwama-R500 nofana inani ellingahle liquntwe nguNgqongqotjhe wesobuLungiswa ngesaziso kuGazethe; begodu

			(iii)	akunamuntu omunye ozakukhubazeka netjhugulukwelo,

		ingalayela bonyana ihlelo lokulawula ipahla elisetjenziswa emtjhadweni lowo nofana emitjhadweni leyo angeze lisasetjenziswa begodu igunyaze abalingani bomtjhado nofana bemitjhado leyo kobana benze isivumelwano esitloliweko lapha ihlelo elizako lokulawula ipahla yomtjhado nofana imitjhadwabo lizakulawulwa khona ngemibandela equntwe yikhotho. 

		(b)	Nakuyindoda emlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, boke abantu abanekareko elaneleko endabeni, khulukhulu umlingani nofana abalingani baloyo owenza isibawo, kumele bahlanganyele ekambisweni. 

	(5)	Isigaba 21 somThetho wePahla yomTjhado, 1984 (umThetho 88 ka 1984) sisetjenziswa emtjhadweni wesintu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo lapha indoda inganabalingani abangaphezu koyedwa. 

	(6)	Indoda esemtjhadweni wesintu efuna ukungena komunye umtjhado wesintu nomunye umfazi ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, kumele yenze isibawo ekhotho ukuvuma isvumelwano esitloliweko esizokulawula ihlelo langomuso lokulawula ipahla yomtjhadwayo. 

	(7)	Lokha nayamukela isibawo ngokwesigatjana  6 

		(a)	ikhotho kumele 

			(i)	nakube mtjhado ohlanganyele ipahla nofana okhambisana nehlelo lokubuthelela 

				(aa)	iphelise ihlelo lokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado elisebenza emtjhadweni; begodu

				(bb)	yenze ukwahlukaniswa kwepahla yomtjhado;

			(ii)	iqinisekise ukwabiwa kwepahla okulinganako, begodu

(iii)	iyelele boke ubujamo bemindeni engahle ithinteke nakube isibaweso siyaphumeleliswa; 
		(b)	ikhotho inga 

			(i)	vumela amatjhuguluko amanye kumibandela yesivumelwano;

			(ii)	nikela umlayo ngokukhambisana nanofana ngimuphi umbandela engawubona ufanelekile; nofana

			(iii)	yale isibawo nakube emkhumbulwenayo ikareko lanofana ngisiphi seenqhema ezibandakanyekako alizokuqinisekiswa ngokwaneleko ngesivumelwano esihlongoziweko.

	(8)	Boke abantu abanekareko elaneleko endabeni, khulukhulu umlingani nofana abalingani bowenza isibawo kanye nomlingani afuna ukumthatha, kumele babekhona ekambisweni esungulwe ngokwesigatjana  (6).

	(9)	Nakube ikhotho ikhupha isibawo esicatjangwa kusigatjana  (4) no (6), umtlolisi nofana umabhalana wekhotho, njengombana kungaba njalo, kumele anikele omunye nomunye umlingani umlayo wekotho kanye nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwano esinjalo bese wenza bonyana umlayo onjalo kanye nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwaneso kuthunyelwa kumtlolisi wamafa ngamunye wendawo lapha kunekhotho leyo.

9.	Ukupheliswa kwemitjhado yesintu

10.		(1)	Umtjhado wesintu ungapheliswa kwaphela yikhotho ngemvumo yokutlhalana phezu kweenzathu zokuphuka komtjhado okungeke kusalungiseka. 

	(2)	Ikhotho ingakhupha imvumo yokutlhalana ngeenzathu zokuphuka komtjhado okungeke kusalungiseka nakube yanelisekile bonyana ubudlelwano bomtjhado phakathi kwabalingani abatjhadileko bufikelele ebujamweni obungasalungisekiko kangangobana akunathemba lokobana kungabe kusaba nobudlelwano obujayelekileko emtjhadweni phakathi kwabo. 

	(3)	UmThetho wokuLamula keZinye Iindaba zokuTlhalana, 1987 (umThetho 24 ka 1987) nesigaba 6 somThetho wokuTlhalana, 1979 (umThetho 70 ka 1979), kusebenza ekuphelisweni komtjhado wesintu.

	(4)	Ikhotho enikela imvumo yokupheliswa komtjhado wesintu 

		(a)	inamandla atjhwiwe kusigaba 7, 8, 9 no 10 zomThetho wokuTlhalana, 1979, nesigaba 24 (1) somThetho wePahla yomTjhado, 1984 (umThetho 88 ka 1984);

(b)	kumele, nakube yindoda emlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, itjheje woke amaphuzu kufaka nofana ngiyiphi ikontraga, isivumelwano nofana umlayo owenziwe ngokwesigaba  7 (4), (5), (6) nofana (7) begodu kumele umlayo ofanako ebona bonyana ulungile, 

(c)  ingalayela nanyana ngubani ngokubona kwekhotho onekareko elaneleko endabeni kobana abe khona ekambisweni;

		(d)	ingenza umlayo malungana nokulawula nofana ukutlhogonyelwa kwanofana ngimuphi umntwana ongasimondarha womtjhado lowo; begodu

		(e)	ingathi lokha nayenza umlayo malungana nokukhokhwa kwesondlo, iyelele nanyana ngimuphi umbandela nofana ukuhlela okwenziwe ngokuya ngomthetho wesintu. 

	(5)	Akunanto esigabenesi okumele ithathwe bona ikhawula indima, okwamukelwa emthethweni wesintu, kwanofana ngimuphi umuntu kufaka nomrholi wendabuko, ekulamuleni, ukuya ngomthetho wesintu, kwanofana ngikuphi ukuphikisana nofana indaba evele ngaphambi kobana ikhotho iphelise umtjhado wesintu. 

9.	Iminyaka yobunengi

	Ngaphandle kwemiyalo yomthetho wesintu, iminyaka yobunengi yanofana ngimuphi umuntu iquntwa ngokukhambisana nomThetho wemiNyaka yobuNengi, 1972 (umThetho ka 1972).



10.	Ukutjhugululwa kwehlelo lomtjhado

	(1)	Indoda nomfazi abasemtjhadweni wesintu banelungelo lokwenza isivumelwano somtjhado ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado, 1961 (umThetho ka 1961), nakube phakathi kwabo akekho omlingani emtjhadweni wesintu okhona nomunyw umuntu.

	(2)	Lokha umtjhado nawenziwako njengombana kutjhiwo kusigatjana (1) umtjhado lowo ungohlanganyela ipahla begodu lapha kuhlanganyelwa khona okuzuziweko nokulobiweko ngaphandle kwanange imiphumela leyo ingakakafakwa esivumelwaneni sangaphambi komtjhado esilawula ihlelo lokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado emtjhadwenabo. 

	(3)	Isahluko III neengaba 18, 19, 20 no 24 zesaHluko IV somThetho wePahla yomTjhado, 1984 (umThetho 88 ka 1984), zisebenza malungana nanofana ngimuphi umtjhado ongohlanganyela ipahla njengombana kutjhiwo kusigatjana (2).

	(4)	Ngaphandle kwesigatjana (1), akunamlingani osemtjhadweni owenziwe ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado, 1961, ozakuthi asesemtjhadweni njalo, abe nelungelo lokungena komunye umtjhado.

11.	Imithetjhwana

	(1)	UNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa, ngokubambisana noNgqongqotjhe, bangenza imithetjhwana 

		(a)	ephathelene 

			(i)	neemfuneko okumele zilandelwe kanye nelwazi okumele lilethwe kusikhulu sokutlolisa malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado wesintu;

			(ii)	nendlela okumele isikhulu sokutlolisa sizanelise ngayo ngobuqiniso nobukhona bomtjhado wesintu;

			(iii)	nendlela nanyana ngubani kufaka nomrholi wendabuko okumele angahlanganyela ngayo ekuqinisekiseni kobukhona nofana kobuqiniso banofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesintu;

			(iv)	nejamo nemuamatho leentifikeyiti, izaziso, iintatimende ezifungelweko kanye neememezelo okudingeka malungana neenhloso zomThetho lo;

			(v)	nokubulungwa, ukuqinisekisa, ukwenziwa, ukulungiswa kanye nokulahlwa kwanofana ngimuphi umtlolo omayelana nokutloliswa kwemitjhado yesintu nofana omunye nomunye umtlolo oqintelwe ngokwemithetjhwana; 

			(vi)	nenye nenye indaba edingekako nofana evunyelweko bonyana iquntelwe ngokomThetho lo; begodu

			(vii)	nenye nenye indaba edingekako nofana eqakathekileko ekuboneleleni ukutloliswa okunepumelelo kwemitjhado yesintu nofana ukuphathwa okunepumelelo komThetho lo; begodu

		(b)	nokuquntela iimali ezikhokhwa malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado wesintu kanye nokukhutjhwa kanofana ngisiphi isitifikeyiti esiphathelene nalokho. 

	(2)	Nanya ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana (1) kumele, ngaphambi kobana ugadangiswe kuGazethe, ulethwe ePhalamende.

	(3)	Nanyana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana (1) ongahle ube nomphumela oziindleko zomBuso nofana imithetjhwana eyenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana  (1) (b) kumele kwenziwe ngokuthintana noNgqongqotjhe weeMali. 

	(4)	Nanyana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana (1) ungahlinzeka bonyana omunye nomunye umuntu owephula umbandela wawo nofana obhalelwa kukhambisana nawo uzakuba nomlandu bese kuthi nagwetjwako aqalane nehlawulo nofana ukubotjhwa isikhathi esingeqi umnyaka owodwa. 




12.	Ukutjhugululwa kwemithetho

	(1)	Isigaba 17 somThetho wokuTloliswa kwePahla, 1937 (umThetho 47 ka 1937), ngalokhu siyatjhugululwa ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima (b) yesigatjana (2) yendima elandelako:

	‘(b)	lapha umtjhado otjhiwoko ulawulwa khona mthetho osebenza kuRiphabhuliki nofana enye nenye ingcenye yawo, etjhoko bona umtjhado bewenziwe waba ngohlanganyela nofana ongahlanganyeli ipahla nofana ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado lilawulwa mthetho wesintu ngokomThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu, 1998;

	(2)	Isigaba 45b ngesomThetho wokuTloliswa kwePahla, 1937, ngalokhu siyatjhugululwa 

	(a)	ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima (b) yesigatjana (1)sendima elandelako:

		‘(b)	sibumba nofana sibumbe ipahla elifeni elihlanganyelweko, begodu ikhotho yenze umlayo, nofana beyanikela igunya, ngaphasi kwesigaba  20 nofana 21 (1) somThetho wePahla yomTjhado, 1984 (umThetho 88 ka 1984), nofana ngaphasi kwesigaba 7 somThetho wokwAmukelwa komTjhado wesiNtu, 1998, njengombana kungaba njalo, lapha ipahla, ukuqatjha nofana ibhondi inikelwa khona omunye wabalingani’; begodu

	(b)	ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima (b) yesigatjana (1A) yesigaba esilandelako:

		‘(b)	sibumba nofana sibumbe ipahla yelifa elihalnganyelweko begodu ikhotho ikhuphe umlayo beyagunyaza ngaphasi kwesigaba  20 nofana 21 (1) somThetho wePahla yomTjhado 88 ka 1984), nofana ngaphasi kwesigaba 7 somThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu, 1998, njengombana kungaba njalo, lapha ipahla, ukuqatjha nofana ibhondi inikelwa khona bobabili abalingani njengesabelo esingakahlukaniswa.’.




13.	Ukwesulwa kwemithetho

	Imithetho etjhwiwe kuTjheduli ngalokhu yesuliwe ukufikela kukholomu yesithathu yeTjheduli.

14.	Isihloko esifitjhani nokuthoma ukusebenza

	UmThetho lo kuthiwa mThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu, 1998, begodu uthoma ukusebenza ngesuku elibekwe nguMongameli ngesimemezelo kuGazethe, okutjho, umhlaka 15 Novemba 2000.

	ITjheduli
	UKWESULWA KWEMITHETHO

	(Isigaba 12)


iNo. neminyaka yomThetho	Isihloko esifitjhani	Ubungako bokwesulwa

mThetho 38 ka 1927		mThetho wokuPhathwa 
                                         kwabaNzima, 1927	Iingaba 11 (3) (b),
							22 (1) ukuya ku (5) no 22 bis

mThetho 21 ka 1978	mThetho wemiTjhado
                                        yeTranskei, 1978	                                  Iingaba 3, 29, 37, 38
			(Transkei)		no 39

mThetho16 ka 1985	mThetho waKwaZulu
                                      kuKhowudi yomThetho 
                                     waKwaZulu, 1985    	Iingaba 22 no 27 (3)
			



Isimemezelo R151 
 saka 1987	         Ikhowudi yeNatala
                                   yomThetho waKwaZulu	Isigaba 27 (3)
					





 
B.	UKWABIWA KWAMAFA WABANTU ABANZIMA


1.	ISINGENISO

	Isewula Afrika esikhathini esidlulileko beyamukela ongenani amahlelo amabili ahlukileko wamafa: umthetho ovamileko (kanye nemithetho eyitjhugululako) nemithetho yesintu. Imiyalo eminengi yesintu ebeyisetjenziswa phambilini beyingatjhayisani kwaphela nomgomo wokuphatha ngokulinganako, kodwana bebe ingakhambisani nomThethosisekelo. 

	Ikulumiswano emalungana nokurarana hlangana nesiko nokulingana (qala isigaba 9 no 30 somThethosisekelo) yatjhuba, khulukhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlulileko.

	Isibonelo esiqinileko serarano yavela emlandwini wokuthoma wakaMthembu (Mthembu v Letsela 1997 (2) SA 9 36 T kanye nomlandu wesibili kaMthembu  (Mthembu v Letsela 1998 (2) SA 675 T) owagcina ubuyekezwa.  Njengombana lokhu kumlando, ngalokhu sizokulisa njengombana kunjalo namhlanjesi. 

2.	UBUJAMO NGAPHAMBI KWANGOMHLAKA  5  DISEMBA  2002

	Isigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, 38 ka 1927 sibonelele ngokobana nakube umuntu onzima uhlongakele atjhiye ilifa lingakabiwa, ilifelo kumele liphathwe Mphathi weKhotho eKulu (isigaba 23(9)).

	Nanyana kunjalo, nakube umuntu onzima uhlongakele wangatjhiya incwadi yamafa esemthethweni, ilifa elitjhiyiweko lizakuphathwa nguMarhistrata ophethe lapha kuhlala khona umuntu onzima loyo (isigaba 23(7)).  Umthetjhwana R200 wangomhlaka 6 Febherbari 1987, ohlonywe ngaphasi kwesigaba 23(10) somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, gade usetjenziselwa ukusiza ekuphathweni kwamafa atjhiyiweko wabantu abanzima.

2.1	Umphumela womLandu womThethosisekelo waka Moseneke and Others v The Master  and  Another  2001  2  SA  18  CC

	Umphumela wesiqunto seMoseneke kwaba kukuthi ilifa elitjhiyiweko lonzima lingabikwa kuMhathi kobana liphathwe ngokomthetho ovamileko nofana e-Ofisini kaMarhistrata kobana liphathwe ngumarhistrata ngokomthetho wesintu.   Lokhu gade kulilungelo lomuntu obika ilifa. Nakube ilifa liphethwe ngumarhistrata, ikambiso engakahleleki ye R200 ka 1987 njengombana itjhwiwe ngehla beyilandelwa.  Nakube ilifa libikwe kuMphathi, umthetho ovamileko bewusetjenziswa ekuphatheni iLifa. 

	Isenzo esingaphezulu besivunyelwe kwaphela isikhathi esiminyaka emibili ukusuka mhlana kuthathwa iqunto ekuthomeni emlandwini kaMoseneke. UmNyango wesobuLungiswa wafanela bonyana usungule umthetho olawula ukuphathwa kwawo woke amafa eRiphabhuliki yeSewula Afrika. Kodwana azange kube khona umthetho olawulako. Umtehto okhona we”bandlululo” wase watjhugululwa nje. 

3.	UBUJAMO UKUSUKA NGOMHLAKA   6  DISEMBA  2002  UKUYA KU  15  OKTOBA  2004

3.1	Ukwabiwa kwamaFa

Njengombana kwenziwa ukuya ngokwequnto kuMoseneke, Imihlinzeko yesigaba 23(2) yomThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, beyivunyelwe kwaphela bona ilandelwe iminyaka emibili.  Isikathi seminyaka emibili siphele ngomhlaka 5 Disemba 2002.  Ukusuka ngomhlaka 6 Disemba, uMphathi weKhotho eKulu  yagunyazwa kobana isebenze ngawo woke amafa alawulwa mthetho ovamileko.   Nakube umuntu uhlongakele begodu inani lelifa lakhe lingaphasi kwe-R125 000,00, Ilifa elinjalo bekusetjenzwa ngalo eeNdawni zokuSiza ema-Ofisini kaMarhistrata malungana begodu ngaphasi kokulayelwa Mphathi (iintatimendezi azikakhethelwa  amafa wabanzima kwaphela).

	Woke amafa atjhiyiweko angaphezu kwe-R125 000,00 kusamele abikwe kubaPhathi beKhotho eKulu malungana nokuphathwa. 

3.2	Ukwabiwa kwamafa

3.2.1	Isibopho somPhathi

Ukusuka ngomhlaka 6 Disemba 2002 ukufika ngomhlaka 15 Oktoba 2004 isibopho sokulusa ukuphathwa kwamafa alandelako kwathathwa ezandleni zakaMarhistrata begodu bekasetjenzwa kwaphela mPhathi ngokomthetho ovamileko, okutjho umThetho wokuPhathwa kwamaFa, 66 ka 1965, okutjho:-

	•	Ilifa lomuntu onzima, othe nasaphilako, wenza isibawo sokurhoqisa ekusebenziseni umyalo womThetho wakwaZulu.

	•	Ilifa lomuntu onzima ongasimhlali weSewula Afrika (iphandle).

	•	Ilifa lomuntu onzima, obagade amlingani emtjhadweni wesikhuwa ngelanga lakhe lokuhlongakala. 

	•	Umufi, obegade ngelanga lakhe lokuhlongakala, amhlolokazi, umhlolo nofana otlhalileko emtjhadweni wesikhuwa begodu angakatjhiyi umlingani emtjhadweni wesintu  owenziwe ngemva kokupheliswa komtjhado. 

	•	Lokha uNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nanqophisa bonyana ilifa kumele liphathwe ngokomthetho ovamileko. 

	Ngaphambi kobana umPhathi angaphatha ilifa elitjhwiwe ngaphezulu, ubufakazi obutloliweko bumele bulethwe kobanyana ilifa ngelinye lalawo atjhwiweko. 

3.2.2	Isibopho sakaMarhistrata

Lapha umuntu onzima ahlongakele khona angakabi ilifa lakhe uMarhistrata ophethe lapha kuhlala kugcine kuhlala khona umufi usesenegunya lokuphatha ilifa la:

	•	nofana ngimuphi umuntu ogade amlingani emtjhadweni wesintu

	•	nofana ngimuphi umuntu ongakatjhadi

	Amafa angaphezulu begade asabiwa ngaphasi komthetho wesintu njengombana kuhlinzekwa ngaphasi komThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima begodu nemithetjhwana ehlonywe ngaphasi kwawo. 

4.	UBUJAMO UKUSUKA NGOMHLAKA  15  OKTOBA  2004

	Yoke into okukhulunywe ngayo eendimeni 1 kuya ku 3 ngehla gade sele zitjhugululwe ngomlandu ka- Bhe and Others v The Magistrate, Khayelitsha and Others 2005 (1) SA 580 CC.

	Umlandu otjhwiweko usibawo sokuqinisekisa umlayo ongasebenziko ngokomthethosisekelo owenziwe yiKhotho eKulu yeKapa. IKhotho yafunyana bona isigaba 23(10)(a), (c) no (e) somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima kanye nomthetjhwana 2(e) wemiThetjhwana emalungana nokuPhathwa nokwAbiwa kweliFa lomuFi oNzima asikho emthethweni begodu asisebenzi.  Isigaba 1(4)(b) somThetho wokwAbiwa kwePahla naso samemezelwa bona asikho kumthethosisekelo njengombana sikhupha ekusetjenzisweni kwesigaba 1 somThetho lowo nanyana ngiliphi ilifa nofana ingcenye yalo malungana nesigaba  23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima.

	ULanga DCJ, natlolela inengi leKhotho, uthi, nakuthathwa ngokomlando nokusebenza kwaso, isigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima kumthetho wakade ogade uqinisa umthetho wesintu “osebenzako” bewabanga ukwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo wabantu abanzima be-Afrika. Isigaba sibangele ihlelo elikabili lokwabiwa kwamafa wama-Afrika anzima, ngaphandle kokutjheja iintjisakalo nemibandela.  Isigaba 23 nemithetjhwanaso sisebenza ngokubandlulula begodu sephula amalungelo wokulingana kusigaba 9(3) kanye nesithunzi kusigaba 10 somThethosisekelo wethu, ngalokho kumele sisuswe. Umphumela womlayo lo kukobana akusimithetho esisekelo kwaphela elawula ilifa elihlinzekwe kusigaba esingakhambisani nomThethosisekelo, kodwana godu nekambiso lapha amafa wabantu abanzima aphathwa ngokuhlukileko kunamafa wamakhuwa nayo ayikhambisani nomThethosisekelo. 

	ULanga DCJ godu utjheja umthetho wesintu wesi-Afrika wokubusa kwabesilisa, ngendlela osetjenziswe ngayo malungana nokuzuzwa kwepahla.  Uthi ubandlulula abafazi nabantwana bangaphandle komtjhado ngokungakafaneli. Ngalokho uwuthatha bona awukhambisani nomThethosisekelo begpdu awusebenzi. 

	Uthi njengombana kuyinto edingekako bonyana amakhotho asungule imithetho emitjha yemithetho yesintu yama-Afrika ukuveza ukuphila komthetho wesintu nokwenza umthetho wesintu ukhambisane nomthethosisekelo, akunantatha endabeni le, ngombana umthetho wokubusa kwabesilisa usisekelo somthetho wesintu begodu awujamiseleleki ngendlela yokuqala isehlakalo ngasinye ngasinye. Nanyana kunjalo, uthi umlayo wesikhatjhana wokulawula ukwabiwa kwamafa wabanzima uqakathekile kufikela lapha isibethamthetho sizakghona khona ukunikela intatha yanini nanini. Ngaleyondlela, iKhotho ilaya bonyana ilifa ebekuzakuthi phambilini labiwe ukuya ngemithetho kumThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima kanye nomthetho wesintu wokulawula kwabafazi gadesi kumele abiwe ukuya ngokwemithetho ehlinzekwe kumThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa.  Isibonelelo esikhethekileko senziwe emlayweni omalungana nokuthathana isithembu. 

	Umlayo weKhotho le malungana  nemithetho ekuzuzeni ilifa wenziwe ngokuqaliswa emuva ngomhlaka 27 Apreli 1994, kodwana awuzukusebenza eendluliselwaneni ezizalisiweko zobunikazi, ngaphandle kwalapha indlalifa ibe nesaziso sokutjhijila ukusebenza kwangokomthetho kwemihlinzeko yomthetho kanye nomthetho wesintu wokulawula kwabesilisa.

	Malungana nokuphathwa kwamafa, iKhotho iyala bonyana ngokuzako amafa wamakamufi phambilini abegade azokuphathwa bomarhistrata ngokomThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, gadesi kumele aphathwe Mphathi wekhotho eKulu ngokomThetho wokuPhathwa kwamaFa, 66 ka 1965.  Nanyana kunjalo umyalo wekhotho malungana nokuphathwa kwamafa awuthomi ukusebenza emuva, yeke amafa aphethwe bomarhistrata ngokwesigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima uzakuragela phambili ngokuphathwa bomarhistrataba. Ukusuka ngelanga lesigwebeli, amafa amatjha azokuphathwa Mphathi wekhotho ePhakemeko ngokomThetho wokuPhathwa kwamaFa. 

	Ebuthelelweni kugcinwe ngokuthi:

	?	Isigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima 38 ka 1927 usulwa ukusuka ngomhlaka 27 Apreli 1994.

	?	Abomarhstrata angeke basaba negunya lokuphatha amafa atjhiyiweko wabanzima.

	?	Woke amafa, kungasaqalwa ubutjhaba, umbala nofana ikolelo azokuphathwa Mphathi weKhotho ePhakemeko ngokomThetho wokuPhathwa kwamaFa, 66 ka 1965.

	?	Umyalo wekhotho malungana nokuphathwa kwamafa awenziwa ngokuqaliswa emuva, yeke amafa gadesi nje aphethwe bomarhistrata ngokwesigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, uzakuragela phambili ngokupahathwa bomarhistratabo.   Nanyana kunjalo, umthetho wesintu wokwabiwa kwamafa awuzukulandelwa begodu umarhistrata kuzakufanela bonyana asebenzise imibandela yomThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa 81 ka 1987.

	?	Nanyana imihlinzeko yesigaba 23 yesuliwe ngokususela emuva, angeze yasetjenziswa eendluliselwaneni zobunikazi ezizalisiweko ngaphandle kwalokha umdlalifa anesaziso sokutjhijila ukusebenza ngokomthetho kwemihlinzeko yomthetho kanye nomthetho wesintu wokulawula kwamadoda. Ukobana itjhijilo lizokuphumeleliswa bunjani, kumsebenzi wamakhotho ukuqunta begodu sekuzakubonakala khona. 

	?	Emitjhadweni yesithembu, omunye nomunye umlingani uzokuba nelungelo lokufumana ama-R125 000 nofana isabelo somntwana.

5.	UMPHUMELA WOMLANDU KA BHE  EKUSEBENZENI KWE-OFISI LOBUNIKAZI

	Ngokufitjhani umlandu ka-Bhe  uzakuba nemiphumela elandelako ekudluliselweni kwamafa:

	?	Woke amafa aphethwe begodu asetjenzwa ngaphambi kwangomhlaka 15 Oktoba 2004, anganqophisa kumthetjhwana 4(2) ukugunyaza kwakaMarhistrata, ngaphandle kwanange ukusebenza ngokomthetho kuyatjhijilwa. Kwaphela nakube imitjhado enjalo yaphathwa nguMarhistrata ngokwesiMemezelo R200 saka 1987.

	?	Woke amafa lapha umufi ahlongakala khona ngemva kwangomhlaka 15 Oktoba 2004, nofana nakube ilifa belisekambisweni yokuphathwa, kodwana kungakafikeleli isukwelo, kumele liphathwe ngokomThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, 81 ka 1987.  I-causa yokudluliselwa kwelifa kumele uqalise kusigaba esifaneleko 1(1)(a) ukuya ku 1(1)(e) somThetho otjhwiweko.

	?	Ukuthi abatlolisi bamafa bazofumana njani bonyana ilifa besele libuthiwe nofana belisendleleni yokubuthwa, kumbuzo onganapendulo. Nanyana kunjalo kuyavunywa bonyana abaTlolisi bamele bayame ekuthembekeni kwakamarhistrata malungana nalokhu begodu balandele umthetjhwana  4(2) wokugunyaza.

6.	UMTHETHO OMUTJHA OLINDELWEKO

	IKhomitjhini yomThetho yeSewula Afrika njenganje iphenya beyitlame umthetho omutjha ozokuphatha woke amafa ngaphandle kokubandlulula ngokobutjhaba, ubulili nofana isiko.

	Tjheja bonyana umthetho ohlongozwako loyo usiphakamiso nje kwaphela, awukabukuvunywa yiPhalamende. 

	Umthetho ohlongozwako ufundeka bunjesi:


	“UMTHETHOMLINGWA OTLANYIWEKO MALUNGANA NOKUTJHUGULULWA KOMTHETHO WESINTU WAMAFA”

	Iinhlathululo

	1.	KilomThetho, ngaphandle kwanange okumumethweko kutjho ngokuhlukileko.

		‘umthetho wesintu’ kutjho imithetho nemikhuba eyenziwa ngokwesiko babantu abama-Afrika eSewula Afrika okubumba ingcenye yesiko labantwaba, kungakhethi bonyana imithetho leyo ihleliwe nofana njani;

		‘Ungqongqotjhe’ kutjho uNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa;

		‘ipahla yomuntu’ kutjho iinhlangulo zakamufi okuzizambatho, izinto azizebenzisela yena nofana kokuziphotjhonga, ifenitjhara nenye ipahla yomkhaya, iintlabagelo ezilula zokulima nezokuzuma, iincwadi, iimodera nofana iinthuthi, igameli alifaki imali nofana isibambiso semali nofana ipahla ebeyisetjenziswa ngumufi malungana neenhloso zebhisimisi;

		‘umrholi wendabuko’ kutjho nanyana ngimuphi umuntu, ngokomthetho wesintu nofana omunye nomunye umthetho, onesikhundla sokubusa . 




	Ukwabiwa kwelifa

	2.	(1)	Ngokungaphikisani nanofana ngimuphi umthetho, ilifa lomuntu kumele nahlongakalako labiwe ukuya ngencwadi yamafa yomunut lowo, nofana ngencwadi esemthethweni yamafa, kungaba ngokupheleleko nofana ingcenye, ukuya ngokomthetho wokwabiwa kwamafa oqintelwe mThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, 1987 (umThetho No 81 ka 1987).

		(2)	UmThetho wokuwAbiwa kwamaFa, 1987 (umThetho No 81 ka 1987), usebenza namatjhuguluko adingwa bunjalo bepahla yamafa womuntu okwathi, ngaphambi kobana umThetho lo uthome ukusebenza, afakwa emtjhadweni wesintu osemthethweni ogade usesekhona lokha umuntu loyo nahlongakalako.

		(3)	(a)	Ngaphandle kokujamelana nanofana ngimuphi umthetho, begodu nangokuya ngendima (b) engenzasi, umlingani uzuza ikumba kamufi kanye nepahlakhe. 

			(b)	Nakube umufi gade aneenkumba ezingaphezu kweyodwa, umlingani oseleko angazuzi yinye kwaphela yazo, kwaphela nakube umlingani loyo unikelwa igunya lokukhetha bona ufuna yipihi. 

		(4)	UmThetho lo usebenza eendabeni eziphathelene nokwabiwa e-ofisini lomrholi wendabuko.

	Ukutjhugululwa komThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa  (81 ka  1987)

	3.	Isigaba 1 somThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa (umThetho No 81 ka 1987) ngalokhu uyatjhugululwa 

	(a)	ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima (a) yesigatjana (1)sendima elandelako:

		“(a)	utjhiye

			u [a] mlingani oyedwa, kodwana akunasizukulwana, umlingani onjalo uzuza ilifa elitjhiyiweko;

			(ii)	abalingani abangaphezu koyedwa, kodwana azange abe nesizukulwana, abalingani abanjalo bazakuzuza ilifa elitjhiyiweko ngokulinganako;”

		(b)	ngokujamiselela indima  (c) yesigatjana (1) ngamagama alandela indinyana (i)yamagama alandelako:

			“utjhiye [umlingani kanye nesizukulwana] –

		(c)	ngokujamiselela indinyana (i) yendima (c) yesigatjana (1) yendinyana elandelako:

			“isizukulwana kanye –

			(aa)	nomlingani oyedwa, umlingani onjalo uzakuzuza isabelo somntwana selifa elitjhiyiweko nofana ubunengi belifa elitjhiyiweko obungadluli ngokwenani imali equntwe nguNgqongqotjhe ngeGazethe nofana ngikuphi okukhulu kunokhunye, nofana,

			(bb)	abalingani abangaphezu koyedwa, abalingani abanjalo bazakuzuza isabelo sabantwana elifeni elitjhiyiweko nofana ubunengi belifa elitjhiyiwekwelo ngokulinganako kungadluli inani eliquntwe ngokwendinyana (aa), nofana ngikuphi okukhulu kunokhunye” begodu

		(cc)	ngokujamiselela indima (b) yesigatjana (4) sendima elandelako:

			“(b) ‘ilifa elitjhiyiweko’ kufaka nanyana ngiyiphi ingcenye yanofana ngiliphi ilifa elingabiwako ngokuba yincwadi yamafa [nofana lapha isigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, 1927 (umThetho No 38ka 1927), ungasebenzi khona];”  begodu

		(dd)	ngokujamiselela isigatjana  (6) seengatjana ezilandelako:

			“(6) nakube isizukulwana sakamufi, kungafakwa isizukulwana esingasimondarha nofana esigula ngokwengqondo, okuthi sona, kanye nomlingani oseleko kamufi, babe nelungelo lokuzuza elifeni elitjhiyiweko nalahla ilungelo lakhe lokwamukela inzuzo enjalo, inzuzo leyo izakuba ngeyomlingani oseleko ombelethi wesizukulwaneso.”

	Itjhuguluko lomThetho woKondliwa kwabaLingani abaSeleko  (27 ka  1990)

	4.	Isigaba 1 somThetho wokuKondliwa kwabaLingani abaSeleko, 1990 (27 ka 1990), utjhugululwa ngokwengeza ngamagama alandelako ehlathululweni  ‘oseleko’ – kanye nanofana ngimuphi umntwana nofana omunye umuntu ohlobene nomufi ogade kuhlekuhle ondliwa ngumufi ngaphambi kokuhlongakala kwakamufi”.



	Ukwesulwa kwemithetho

	5.  (a)  ImiYalo yomThetho waKwaZulu KwaZulu/Natal, umThetho 16 ka 1985 kanye nesiMemezelo R151 saka 1987, ziyasulwa ngombana azikhambisani nomThetho lo kanye nomThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, 1987 (umThetho No 81 ka 1987).

	(b)	Isigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, 1927 (umThetho No 38 ka 1927), uyasulwa.

	(c)	Nanyana ngimiphi imithetho yesintu ekatelela umdlalifa kobana ondle abantwana bakamufi nokukhokhela iinkolodo zakamufi uyasulwa. 

	Isihloko esifitjhani nokuthoma ukusebenza

	6.	UmThetho lo ubizwa bona mThetho wokuTjhugululwa komThetho wesiNtu wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, 2000, begodu uzokuthoma ukusebenza ngesuku eliquntwe nguMongameli ngesimemezelo kuGazethe.”




 
C.	UKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADO YESI-SLAMU  NGOKOMTHETHOMLINGWA OWAMUKELA IMITJHADO YESI-ISLAMU

1.	ISINGENISO

	Ukusukela endulo, umthetho ovamileko azange wamukele imitjhado eyenziwe ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu.  Abalingani bemitjhado enjalo gade bathathwa, emehlweni womthetho, njengabangakatjhadi (qala ku- Ismail v Ismail 1983 (1) SA 1006 AD).

             Nanyana kunjalo, mva nje amakhotho wekhethu atjhugulule indlela acabanga ngayo.  Emlandwini ka- Amod v Multilateral Motor Vehicle Accidents Fund 1994 (4) SA 1319 (SCA), iKhotho eKulu yokuZibilayeza yamukela umtjhado wamaMuslim ongowobutsobe malungana nokusekela kwaphela. Ngokunjalo, emlandwini ongakabikwa waka-Daniels v Campbell NO 2004 (5) SA 331 CC, iKhotho yomThethosisekelo yamukela umtjhadu wamaMusli ongowesithembu malungana nokwabiwa ilifa elitjhiyiweko kanye nokondla, kwaphela. 

	Ngokunikelwa umThethosisekelo weRiphabhuliki yeSewula Afrika, owamukela amasiko woke wamaSewula Afrika nokusetjenziswa kwawo, isibethamthetho kumele sihlinzeke ngomthetho omalungana nokwamukelwa kwemitjhado esemthethweni yama-Muslim, nokuhlinzeka ngemiphumela yemitjhado enjalo. 

	Kudluliswe umThethomlingwa malungana nokwamukelwa kwemitjhado yesi-Islamu.

	Kilomtlolo akukanqotjhwa bonyana kukhulunyiswane ngomThethomlingwa ngokuphelela kwawo, kodwana kuzokuqalwa lezongaba zomThethomlingwa ezifaneleko malungana nogqwetha kanye nephrofetjhini yezomthetho. 

2.	IINHLATHULULO

	Ziinhlathululo ezikhambisana nomtlolo kwaphela ezizokuqalwa. 

2.1	Ikhotho

	?	IKhotho Phakemeko yeSewula Afrika

	?	IKhotho yomNdeni

	?	IKhotho yezokuTlhalana ehlonywe ngaphasi kwesigaba 10 somThetho 9 ka 1929.

	Ihalthululo le iqakathekile malungana neenhloso zokutlhalana, ukutjhugululwa kokulawulwa kwepahla yemtjhadweni kanye nomyalo wekhotho omalungana nemitjhado yesithembu. 

2.2	Umtjhado wesiKhuwa oKhona

	Lo mtjhado wamaMuslim godu otloliswe bewenziwa bewatloliswa ngokomThetho wemiTjhado ka 1961, ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho. Ngamanye amazwi, umtjhado owenziwe ngkomThetho wesi-Islamu kanye nomThetho oVamileko.
	(Qala isiHlomelelo A malungana nomebhe).

2.3	         IsiKhulu esiTjhadisako

	Nanyana ngubani umuntu okhethwe njalo nguNgqongqotjhe.

3.	UKWENZIWA KOMTHETH

3.1	Imitjhado eyenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho

	Abalingani abangena emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho, kumele ikhethe ukubophelelwa mibandela yomThetho (qala isigaba 2(1)).

	Ngokwesigaba 6(1)(b) somThetho, lapha abalingani bkhethe ukubopheleleka kumibandela yomThetho, umtjhado wesiMuslimu onjalo kumele utloliswe ekuphethweni komtjhado, nofana esikhathini eside njengombana kuhinzekiwe. 

	Nanyana kunjalo, ukubhalelwa kutlolisa akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado lowo (qala isigaba 6(10) infra).


3.2	Imitjhado eyenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho

Yoke imitjhado eyenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho, izakulawulwa mibandela yomThetho ngaphandle kwanange abalingani esikhathini esiziinyanga ezilitjhumi nambili nofana esikhathini eside esisezakuqintwa, bakhetha bona umtjhado wabo ungabotjhwa mibandela yomThetho  (isigaba 2(2)).

3.3	Imiphumela yemitjhado engalawulwa mThetho

	Lapha abalingani bakhetha khona ukungabotjhelelwa mibandela yomThetho, umthetho obugade usebenza ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, uzakusetjenziswa  (isigaba 2(3)).  Lokhu kuzokuba nomphumela wokobana imitjhado enjalo ayamukelwa begodu ubujamo bomthetho ovamileko njengombana kutjhiwo esingenisweni uyasetjenziswa. 

3.4	Imiphumela yomTjhado wesiKhuwa eKhona

	Imibandela yomThetho izakusetjenziswa kinofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu bewenziwa bewatloliswa ngokomThetho wemiTjhado ka 1961 (isigaba 2(4)), nakube abalingani bakhetha ukulandela imibandela yomThetho eyembatha umtjhado lowo. UmThetho, nokho, awuthinti ipahla yomtjhado okhona, begodu ngokweenzathu ezazekako isigaba 5, 6, 7 no 10 zomThetho angeze zasetjenziswa kilomtjhado. 

	UmThetho awusebenzi emitjhadweni yesikhuwa nofana emitjhadweni yesintu, elawulwa mThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado eVamileko, 120 ka 1998.

	Qala isiHlomelelo B malungana noMebhe.

4.	UKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADO YESIMUSLIMU

	Mitjhado yesiMuslimu kwaphela ekusebenza kiyo umThetho begodu nekhambisana nazo zoke iindingo zomThetho, ezakuthathwa bona mitjhado enobuqiniso (section 2(5)).

5.	UKULINGANA

	Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu banegunya elipheleleko lokwenza iimvumelwano, ukuzijamel emlandwini, njll.

6.	IIMFUNEKO ZOBUQINISO BEMITJHADO YESIMUSLIMU

	?	Bobabili abalingani kumele bavumelane
	?	Isikhulu esitjhadisako kumele siqinisekise bona ukuvumelana kube khona 
	?	Abofakazi kumele babekhona nakutjhadwako
	?	Bobabili abalingani kumele kube baneminyaka eli-18
	?	Kumele kukhanjiswane neengaba 6 no 7 zomThetho (isigaba 5(1))

7.	UKWALELWA KOKUTJHADA GODU

	Akunamlingani emtjhadweni wamaMuslimu onelungelo lokungena emtjhadweni omunye godu ngaPhasi komThetho wemiTjhado nofana omunye nomunye umthetho, ngesikhathi umtjhadwakhe usesekhona (isigaba 5(2)).  Nanyana ngimuphi umtjhado okungenwe kiwo awuzukuyelwa (section 5(3)).  Nokuphendulela kuyasebenza.  Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha imibandela yomThetho isebenza khona, nabo abakavunyelwa ukungena emtjhadweni wesikhuwa. 

8.	UKUTLOLISWA KWEMITJHADO YESIMUSLIMU

8.1	Umtjhado okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi kokuthoma kokusebenza komThetho

	Umtjhado onjalo kumele utloliswe esikahthini esiminyaka emibili ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho nofana isikhathi eside njengombana kungavunyelwa (isigaba 6(1)(a)).  Nanyana isigaba singaphikiswa, ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado. 

8.2	Imitjhado eyenziwe ngemva kokuThoma ukusebenza komThetho

	Lapha abalingani bakhethe khona ukubotjhwa mThetho, umtjhado kumele utloliswe nakuphela umnyanya womtjhado nofana esikhathini eside esivunyelweko 6(1)(b)).  Qala ikulumiswano ngehla, ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado.

9.	ISIQINISEKO SOMTJHADO

	Ukuya ngokwesigaba 6(3)(d), isikhulu esitjhadisako kumele sinikele abalingani isitifikeyiti sokutlolisa, okuzakuba prima facie bufakazi bokukhona komtjhado wesiMuslimu.

	Isikhulu esitjhadisako singala ukutlolisa umtjhado bese ikhotho ingathi nayamukela isibawo, itlolise umtjhado lowo (isigaba 6(5) no 6(6)).

	Ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado (isigaba 6(10)).

10.	IMIPHUMELA YEPAHLA EMITJHADWENI YESIMUSLIMU

10.1	Umtjhado okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho

Umtjhado onjalo ngongahlanganyeli ipahla, ongafaki ihlelo lokubuthelela, ngaphandle kwanage abalingani batlolisa isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado e-ofisini lokutlolisa amafa esikhathini esiziinyanga ezili-12 ukusuka ngelanga lokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho (isigaba 8(1)(a)).

10.2	Umtjhado okungenwe kiwo ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho

	Imitjhado enjalo izakuba ngengahlanganyeli ipahla, ingafaki ihlelo lokubuthelela ipahla, ngaphandle kwanage abalingani batlolisa isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado esikhathini esiziinyanga ezintathu ukusuka ngelanga lokwenziwa kwawo  (isigaba 8(1)(b)).

11.	ITJHUGULUKO LEHLELO LEPAHLA YOMTJHADO

	Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha kusebenza khona umThetho, bangathi ngokuhlanganyela benze isibawo sokutjhugulula ihlelo labo lepahla yomtjhado (isigaba 8(3)).  Itjhuguluko elinjalo alikabekelwa isikhathi.

12.	IIMFUNEKO MALUNGANA NOMUNYE UMTJHADO WESITHEMBU WESIMUSLIMU 

	Indoda esemtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha kusebenza khona umThetho lo, efuna ukungena komunye godu umtjhado, kumele yenze isisbawo eKhotho malungana: 

	?	Ukuvunywa komtjhado;  kanye
	?	Nokuvunywa kwesivumelwano esilawula ikusasa lehlelo lepahla yomtjhado lemitjhado (isigaba 8(6)).

	Lapha ikhotho inikela khona isibawo, kumele ikhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwano irikhodwe kumtlolisi wamafa (isigaba 8(9)).

13.	UKUTLOLISWA KWEMITJHADO ESITHEMBU

	Akunasikhulu esitjhadisako okumele sitlolise umtjhado wesithembu ngaphandle kwanange sinikelwe ikhophi yomyalo wekhotho (isigaba 8(10)).


14.	UKUPHELISWA KWEMITJHADO YESIMUSLIMU

             Isigaba 9 sihlinzeka malungana nokupheliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu yikhotho yomthetho ngokuvunyelwa mthetho wesi-Islamu (qala isiHlomelelo C malungana nekambiso omele ilandelwe nakupheliswako).

	Lokha umlingani osemtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona aphikelela igadango lokutlhala ngokomThetho wokuTlhala, iKhotho ayizokuphelisa umtjhado wesikhuwa kufikela lapha ikhotho yaneliseka khona bonyana umtjhado wesiMuslimu sele uphelisiwe (isigaba 10).

15.	UKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADO ETJHILI YESIMUSLIMU 

	Yikhotho yomthetho kwaphela engamukela umtjhado onjalo lokha nakunerarano hlangana nabalingani nofana isikhulu esitjhadisako.

16.	UKUPHELISA IRARANO

	Isigaba 13, 14 no 15 somThetho sihlinzeka malungana nekambiso okumele ilandelwe lokha nakunerarano mayelana nokupheliswa kwemitjhado (qala isiHlomelelo D malungana netlhatlha lekambiso okumele lilandelwe).

	UmThethomlingwa ohlongozwako ufundeka bunjesi:

“MTETHO WEMITJHADO YESIMUSLIMU  .. KA  20..

	Ukwenza umhlinzeko malungana nokwamukelwa kwemitjhado yesiNtu; ukunqophisa iimfuneko malungana nomtjhado okhona wesiMuslimu; ukulawula ukutloliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu; ukwamukela ijamo namandla wabalingani emitjhadweni yesiMuslimu; ukulawula ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado wemitjhado yesiMuslimu;  ukulawula ukupheliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu kanye nemiphumela yakhona; ukuhlinzeka malungana nokwenza imithetjhwana; kanye nokuhlinzeka iindaba eziphathelene nalokho. 

	Iinhlathululo kanye nerhumutjho lomThetho

		1.	KilomThetho, ngaphandle kwanange okungaphakathi kutjho okuhlukileko 
	(i)	“ikhotho” kutjho iKhotho ePhakemeko yeSewula Afrika, nofana ikhotho yomkhaya ehlonywe ngaphasi kwanofana ngimuphi umthetho, begodu kufaka ikhotho yokutlhalana ehlonywe ngaphasi kwesigaba 10 somThetho wokuTjhugululwa kokuPhathwa, 1929 (umThetho 9 ka 1929), begodu ohlelwe njengombana ubekiwe kusigaba 15;
	(ii)	“isabelo somhlolokazi esitshwilisiweko” kutjho isabelo somhlolokazi nofana ingcenye yaso esibhadelwa ngesikhathi esizako okuvunyelenwe ngaso kodwana nanyana nini esiphelako besibhadelwe lokha nakupheliswa umtjhado ngokutlhalana nofana ngokufa; 
	(iii)	“irarano” kutjho irarano nofana izwabatjho yerarano eliphathelene nokurhunyutjhwa nofana ukwenziwa kwanofana ngimuphi umbandela womThetho lo nofana omunye nomunye umthetho osebenzako;
	(iv)	“UmThetho wokuTlhala” kutjho umThetho wokuTlhala, 1979 (umThetho 70 ka 1979);
	(v)	“ilobolo lomhlolokazi” (mahr) kutjho imali, ipahla nofana enye nenye into enenani, kufaka neenzuzo okumele zikhokhwe yindoda emfazini njenge-ex lege mphumela womtjhado ngokwawo ukuze kwakhiwe umndeni kubekwe neensekelo zezwelo nobudlelwano;
	(vi)	“umtjhado wesikhuwa okhona” kutjho umtjhado okhona owenziwe ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu godu notloliswe bewenziwa ngokomThetho wemiTjhado ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho;
	(vii)	“ukuphumelelisa umtjhado” njengombana kutjhiwo kusigaba 6(9) kutjho ukwenza indlela yomnyanya womtjhado (nikah);
	(viii)	“Umkhulumeli womNdeni” kutjho nanyana ngimuphi umKhulumeli womNdeni okhethwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 2(1) somThetho wokuLamula Kezinye zeeNdaba zokuTlhalana, 1987 (umThetho 24 ka 1987);
	(ix)	“iFaskh” kutjho umlayo wokuphelisa umtjhado okhutjhwa yikhotho, lokha indoda nofana umfazi nabenza isibawo phezu kwanofana ngisiphi isizathu nofana isisekelo esivunyelwe mthetho wesi-Islamu, kufaka, lokha nakumfazi, sinye nofana ngaphezulu kweenzathu ezilandelako, okutjho lapha  
		(a)	indoda nayilahlekileko, nofana ingaziwa bona ikuphi, isikhathi eside (Mafqud al Khabar);
		(b)	indoda nayihluleka ukondla umkayo (‘Adam al-Infaq’);
		(c)	indoda nayigwetjwe isikhathi seminyaka emithathu nofana ngaphezulu, nakube umfazi unelungelo lokwenza isibawo somyalo wokuphelisa esikhathini sonyaka ukusuka ngelanga lokugwetjwa;
		(d)	indoda igula ngokwengqondo, nofana isebujamweni bokutsirimezeka okuragela phambili njengombana kutjho isigaba 5 somThetho wokuTlhala, okumhlinzeko ozakusebenza namatjhuguluko adingwa bujamo (Junun);
		(e)	indoda inobulwelwe bokubhalelwa emabhayini nofana ubulwelwe obudlangileko obenza abonyana ukuhlalisana kungasabekeseleleka (‘Ayb’);
		(f)	indoda ephatha umfazi wayo ngesihluku nganofana ngiyiphi indlela, okwenza ukuhlalisana kungasabekezeleleki (Dharar);
		(g)	indoda ehluleke, ngaphandle kweenzathu ezizwakalako, ukwenza iimbopho zayo zomtjhado isikhathi esingabekezelelekiko (Dharar);
		(h)	indoda imlingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ongaphezu kowodwa, begodu iyahluleka ukuphatha umfazi wayo kuhle ukuya ngokwemiyalo ye Qur’an ne Sunnah (Dharar);
		(i)	indoda ilimaza umfazi wayo, njengombana kwamukelwa mthetho wesi-Islamu (Dharar); nofana
		(j)	ukungadosisani phakathi kwabalingani kunyaze iinjamiso zomtjhado, kufaka namagugu asisekelo wethando omunye komunye, ukuzwelana, ukuzwana kanye nokuzwisisa, ngomphumela wokobana ukupheliswa kuba sisombululo ebujamwenobo  (Shiqaq);
	(x)	“’I-Iddah’” kutjho isikhathi sokulinda esibekiweko, esivela ekuphelisweni komtjhado yi-Talaq, Faskh nofana ukuhlongakala okusikhathi angakavunyelwa ukutjhada. I- ‘Iddah yomfazi otlhaliweko  
		(a)	osesikhathini kuba mizombe emithathu yokuba sesikhathinikho;
		(b)	ongasisesikhathini nganofana ngimaphi amabanga, kuba ziinyanga ezintathu;
		(c)	okhulelweko, kukhamba kufikela kuba sikhathi sokubeletha. I-‘Iddah yomhlolokazi –
		(a)	nakube akakakhulelwa, imalanga ali-130;
(b)	nakube ukhulelwe, ifikelela esikhathini sokubeletha kwakhe
.
	(xi)	“I- Talaq engatjhugulukiko” (Talaq Ba-in) kutjhiwo -
		(a)	ku-Talaq yokuthoma neyesibili etjhugulukako etjhiwo yindoda eba ngengatjhugulukiko ekupheleni kwe- ‘Iddah’;
		(b)	ku-Talaq menyezelwa bona ayitjhuguluki ngesikathi sokumenyezelwa kwayo, begodu
		(c)	ekumenyezelweni kwe- Talaq yesithathu;
	(xii)	“’I-Khula’” kutjho ukupheliswa kwefindo lomtjhado nakumfazi ngokwesivumelwano sokudluliselwa kwepahla nofana okhunye okuvunyiweko phakathi kwabalingani ukuya ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu;
	(xiii)	“umThetho wemiTjhado” kutjho umThetho wemiTjhado, 1961 (umThetho 25 ka 1961);
	(xiv)	“isikhulu esitjhadisako” kutjho nanyana ngimuphi umuntu omuMuslimu onelwazi lomthetho wesi-Islamu okhethwe njengomtjhadisi malungana neenhloso zomThetho lo nguNgqongqotjhe nofana isikhulu esisebenza ngaphasi kwegunya elitloliweko lakaNgqongqotjhe;
	(xv)	“uNgqongqotjhe” kutjho uNgqongqotjhe weeNdaba zangeKhaya;
	(xvi)	“umuMuslimu” kutjho umuntu okholelwa ebunyeni baka-Allah nokholelwa esiThunyweni esiCwengileko uMuhammade njengomphorofidi wamaswaphelo nonekolo kiyo yoke imithetho yesi-Islamu;
	(xvii)	“umTjhado wesiMuslimu” kutjho umtjhado phakathi kwendoda nomfazi owenziwe ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu kwaphela;
	(xviii)	“qintelweko” kutjho okuqintelwe ngomthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 18;
	(xix)	“ilobolo elirhabekileko” kutjho ilobolo nofana ingcenye yalo elikhokhwa lokha nakwenziwa umtjhado nofana msinyazana ngemva kwalapho lokha umfazi nafune njalo;
	(xx)	“I- Talaq etjhugulukako” kutjho I-Talaq Raj’l engaphelisi umtjhado ngaphambi  kokuphelela kwe-‘Iddah’, neyenza bonyana abalingani babuyisane ngaphambi kokuphela kwe- “Iddah’ kwaphela;
	(xxi)	“’I-Tafwid al- Talaq’” kutjho indoda nayisebenzisa ilungelo layo le- Talaq emfazini nofana komunye nomunye umuntu, kungaba sesikhathini sokuphela komtjhado nofana lokha umtjhado nawusesekhona, ukuze umfazi nofana umuntu okhethiweko loyo angaphelisa umtjhado ngokumemezela I-Talaq kwaphela ukuya ngemibandela yegunyelo;
	(xxii)	“’ I-Talaq’” kutjho ukupheliswa komtjhado wesiMuslimu, ngesikhathi nofana ngemva kwesikhathi, yindoda, nofana umfazayo nofana mjameli, ogunyazwe ngokufanelekileko ngiyo nofana mfazi bona kwenzeke njalo ngokusebenzisa igama-Talaq nofana elifana nalo namkha elisuselwa kilo kinofana ngiliphi ilimi, bese kufaka zoke iimfuneko ze-Talaq ezikhambisana ne-Tafwid al- Talaq;  kanye
	(xxiii)	“’nomThetho lo’” kufaka imithetjhwana.

	Ukusetjenziswa komThetho lo

	2.	(1)	Imibandela yomThetho lo izakusebenza emitjhadweni yesiMuslimu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo lapha abalingani bakhethe ngendlela etjhwiweko ukuzibophelela kumibandela yomThetho lo. 

		(2)	Imibandela yomThetho lo izakusebenza emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo. Kwaphela nange abalingani bazakuba nelungelo esikhathini esiziinyanga ezi-12 nofana ngaphezulu ngendlela kungaquntwa ngakhona, bobabili bakhethe ngendlela equntiweko ukungabotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo, lapha imibandela yomThetho lo izakusetjenziswa emtjhadweni onjalo. 

		(3)	Umthetho osebenza emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu lapha abalingani bakhethe khona ukungabotjhwa mibandela yomTheho lo, uzakuba mthetho njengombana kwakunjalo ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo. 

		(4)	Imibandela yomThetho lo  

			(a)	isebenza emtjhadweni okhona njengombana abalingani bakhona bakhethe ngendlela equntiweko ukwenza bona imibandela yomThetho lo, isetjenziswe, kungafakwa iingaba 5, 6, 7 no 10:  Kwaphela nange amalungelo wepahla avela emtjhadweni wokuhlanganyela ipahla nofana umtjhado ukuya ngehlelo lokubuthelela, nofana ngokwesivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado, azakuhlala ungakathinteki;
			(b)	awusebenzi emtjhadweni wesikhuwa owenziwe ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, begodu
			(c)	awusebenzi emtjhadweni wesintu otloliswe ngaphasi komThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtut, 1998 (umThetho 120 ka 1998).

		(5)	Umtjhado wesiMuslimu lapha kusebenza khona umThetho lobegodu lapha zoke iimfuneko zomThetho lo zizalisiwe, kuzakuthi ngokwazo zoke iinhloso wamukelwe njengomtjhado osemthethweni. 

	Ijamo namandla alinganako wabalingani

	3.	Umfazi nendoda emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu bayalingana ngokwesithunzi somuntu begodu bobabili, ngokwesisekelo sokulingana, banejamo elizeleko, amandla nokuzijamela ngokwezimali, kufaka hlangana amandla wobunikazi nokuzuza ipahla nokuyilahla, ukwenza iimvumelwano kanye nokuzijamela ngokomthetho. 

	Umbango

	4.	(1)	Nanyana ngimuphi umbango ovuka emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owenziwako kodwana wapheliswa ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, kuzakusetjenzwa ngawo ngokwemibandela yomThetho lo: Kwaphela nange abalingani bangathi ngesivumelwano ngendlela equntelweko bakhethe bonyana umbango wabo usetjenzwe ngaphandle kwemibandela yomThetho lo.

		(2)	(a)	Lokha umbango nawuvuka phakathi kwendoda esemtjhadweni wesithembu, namunye nofana abanye babafazi bakyo, okumbango osezandleni zekhotho ephetheko, begodu kungaqalwa bona umbango uphathelene nomtjhado olawulwa mibandela yomThetho lo nofana njani, boke abalingani abathethwe yindoda leyo kumele banikelwe isaziso sombango lowo. 
			(b)	Nakwenziwa umyalo okhambelana nemibandela yendima (a), ikhotho kumele iyelele amalungelo wabo boke abalingani abathintekileko. 

	Iimfuneko zokuba semthethweni kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu

	5.	(1)	Ukuze umtjhado wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho ube ngosebenzako –

			(a)	abalingani kumele bobabili bavume bona bayatjhadana;

			(b)	umtjhadisi kumele aqinisekise kumjameli nakube ukhona bonyana abazokuba balingani bavumelene ngalokho;

			(c)	abofakazi kumele babe khona njengombana kusitjho umthetho wesi-Islamu nakutjhadwako;

			(d)	abazoba balingani bamele kube baneminyaka eli-18; begodu

			(e)	kumele bakhambisane nemibandela yesigabesi nesigaba 6 no 7.

		(2)	Akunamlingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu lapha umThetho lo usebenz akhona angangena emtjhadweni ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado nofana omunye nomunye umtjhado lokha umtjhado wesiMuslimu lowo nawusesekhona. 

(3)	Nakube umtjhado wenziwe ngokwephula imibandela yesigatjana (2), umtjhado onjalo uzakuthathwa njengongekho.

		(4)	Nakube omunye wabalinganabo akasimondarha, bobabili ababelethi bakhe nofana nakube akanababelethi, umtlhogomelakhe kumele anikele imvumo yomtjhado.

		(5)	Nakube imvumo yombelethi nofana yomtlhogomeli njengombana kutjhwiwe kusigatjana (4) ayitholakali, imibandela yesigaba 25 somThetho wemiTjhado izakusebenza.

		(6)	Ngaphandle kweemfuneko zesigatjana (1)(d), uNgqongqotjhe nofana omunye nomunye umuntu omuMuslimu nofana ihlangano yamaMuslimu egunyazwe nguye ngokutloliweko, anganikela imvumo etloliweko omunye nomunye umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka efunekako kobana angene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu nakube uNgqongqotjhe nofana umuntu loyo nofana ihlangano uthatha umtjhado lowo bona uyadingeka begodu ububhadekelo kilabo abafuna ukutjhada.

		(7)	Imvumo enikelwe ngokwesigatjana (6) ayizokutjhaphulula abalingani bomtjhado ohlongozwako esibophweni sokukhambisana nanofana ngiziphi iimfuneko eziquntelwe mthetho. 

		(8)	Nakube umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka equntelweko ungene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ngaphandle kwemvumo etloliweko kuNgqongqotjhe nofana nofana ihlangano egunyazwe nguye, uNgqongqotjhe nofana ihlangano enjalo nakube u nofana ithatha bonyana umtjhado udingekile begodu ubhadekela abalingani, begodu nakube umtjhado bewukhamba ngokomThetho lo ngeendlela zoke, angamemesela umtjado ngokutloliweko bonyana ngazo zoke iinhloso kumtjhado osebenzako wesiMuslimu. 

		(9)	Ngokukhambisana nemibandela yesigatjana (6) no (7), isigatjana 24A somThetho kaMarhistrata sisebenza emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu womuntu ongasimondarha ongene kiwo ngaphandle kwemvumo yombelethi, umondli, ukhomitjhinara wezehlalakuhle yabantwana nofana umgwebi, njengombana kungaba njalo.

		(10)	Ukwalelwa komtjhado wesiMuslimu phakathi kwabantu ngebanga lobuhlobo babo beengazi nofana ukukarana nofana esinye nesinye isizathu, kuquntwa mthetho wesi-Islamu. 


	Ukutloliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu 

	6.	(1)	Umtjhado wesiMuslimu –

			(a)	owenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma komThetho lo, ngaphandle kwanange abalingani bakhethe ukungabotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo njengombana kucatjangwa kusigaba 2(2), kumele utloliswe ngendlela efaneleko esikhathini seminyaka emibili ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza lokho nofana esikhathini eside njengombana uNgqongqotjhe anganquma ngeenkhathi zoke ngesaziso kuGazethe; nofana 

			(b)	owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, lapha abalingani bakhethe khona ukubotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lonjengombana kutjhiwo kusigaba 2(1), kumele utloliswe njengoba bekuquntiwe nakwenziwako nofana esikhathini esingaphezu kwalokho njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angaqunta ngeenkhathi ezithize ngesaziso kuGazethe.  

		(2)	Akunamtjhadisi ozakutlolisa nofana ngimuphi umtjhado ngaphandle kwanange  

			(a)	omunye nomunye wabalingani okukhulunywa ngabo aveze kumtjhadisi ipasa lakhe elikhutjhwe ngaphasi kemibandela yomThetho wokuZazisa, 1986 (umThetho No. 71 ka 1986); nofana

			(b)	nakungekho umtlolo wokuzazisa, abalingani okukhulunywa ngabo abanikele umtjhadisi isitatimende esifungelweko; nofana

			(c)	omunye wabalinganabo akhuphe umtlolwakhe wokuzazisa otjhwiwe endimeni  (a) anikele umtjhadisi neminye imininingwana nayo ayinikele umtjhadisi nesitatimende esifungelweko njengombana kusitjho indima (b).

		(3)	Umtjhadisi kumele  

			(a)	azise abalingani bonyana banelungelo lokwenza isivumelwano abasithandako esilawula ukuphathwa kwepahlabo yomtjhado, nofana benze isivumelwano esijayelekileko bebalethe iimbonelo zeemvumelwanezo mjengombana kuquntiwe, ukuze abalinganabo bathathe iinqunto ezifaneleko; 

			(b)	aqinisekisa bonyana abalingani bazwisisa ikambiso yokutlolisa;

			(c)	nakube wanelisekile bonyana abalingani benza umtjhado wesiMuslimu owamukelekako, atlolise umazisi wabalingani, ilanga lomtjhado, ilobolo okuvunyelenwe ngalo, nanyana likhokhwa khonokho nofana litshwiliswa loke nofana ingcenye yalo, neminye imininingwana equntelweko, begodu atlolise umtjhado ukuya ngokomThetho lo nemithetjhwana njengombana kuquntelwe; 

			(d)	anikele abalingani isitifikeyiti sokutloliswa, esinemininingwana equntelweko; begodu

			(e)	ngemva kwalokho adlulisele amarikhodo afaneleko kumjameli wesifunda nofana wesiphande abakhethwe ngaleyondlela ngaphasi kwesigaba  21(1) somThetho wokaMazisi, 1986.

		(4)	Umtjhado wesiMuslimu uzakwenziwa ukuya ngendlela equntelwe kumthetho wesi-Islamu, kufaka ne- zawwajtuka ne-ankahtuka (“NgiyakutjhadaI (uku) …”).

		(5)	Nakube umtjhadisi akakaneliseki bonyana abalingani bangene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owamukelekako, kumele abale ukutlolisa umtjhado.

		(6)	Ikhotho ingathi, bona ifunyane isibawo esihlanganyelweko sabalingani esenziwe ekhothwapho, iyale bona  

			(a)	kutloliswe umtjhado wesiMuslimu; nofana

			(b)	kusulwe nofana kulungiswe nofana ngikuphi ukutloliswa komtjhado wesiMuslimu okwenziwe mtjhadisi. 

		(7)	Isitifikeyiti sokutlolisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu esikhutjhwe ngaphasi kwesigabesi nofana omunye nomunye umthetho ohlonzeka malungana nokutloliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu kubumba  prima facie ubufakazi bokuba khona komtjhado wesiMuslimu begodu nemininingwana emumethwe esitifikeyitini.

		(8)	Nanyana ngimuphi umtjhadisi othi asazi atlolise umtjhado ophikisana nemibandela yomThetho lo, uzakuba nomlandu wokuphula umthetho bese kuthi nagwetjwako aqalane nehlawulo engeqi I- R5 000.

		(9)	(a)	Nanyana ngimuphi umuntu ophumelelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu, kungakhathaleki bona umuntu onjalo umtjhadisi, kumele azise abazokuba balingani bonyana bangakhetha bonyana babotjhwa nofana ababotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo. 

			(b)	Nakube abalingani bakhetha ukubotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo njengombana kusitjhiwo esigabeni 2(1), umuntu ophumelelisa umtjhado otjhwiwe endimeni (a) kumele anqophise abalinganabo kumtjhadisi malungana neenhloso zokutlolisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu owenziweko awengameleko loyo. 

			(c)	Umuntu ophumelelisa umtjhado otjhwiwe endimeni (a) obhalelwa kukhambisana nemibandela yendima (b), unomlandu wokuhpula umthetho begodu nagwetjwako uzakuqalana nehlawulo engeqi I- R5 000.

	
Ubufakazi beminyaka yabafuna ukutjhada

	7.	Nakube abalingani bavela ngaphambi komtjhadisi malungana nenhloso zokwenza umtjhado wesiMuslimu bese umtjhadisi loyo asole bonyana omunye wabo oseminyakeni emqabela bonyana angene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ngaphandle kokufumana imvumo yomunye umuntu, umtjhadisi angala ukutlolisa umtjhado phakathi kwabo ngaphandle kwanange anikelwa imvumo enjalo ngokutloliweko, nofana ngobufakazi obanelisako obukhombisa bonyana umlingani loyo unelungelo lokungena emtjhadweni ngaphandle kwemvumo. 

	Ubujamo bepahla emitjhadweni yesiMuslimu kanye namandla wabalingani ukwenza isivumelwano 

	8.	(1)	Umtjhado wesiMuslimu okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi nofana ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenz akomThetho lo, uzakuthathwa bonyana mtjhado ongahlanganyeli ipahla ngokungafaki ihlelo lokubuthelela, ngaphandle kwanange ihlelo elilawula ipahla yomtjhado lilawulwa ngokuzwana phakathi kwabalingani, ngesivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado esizakutloliswa kumTlolisi wamaFa –

			(a)	nakumtjhado okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, begodu nakube ngesikhath sokwenziwa kwawo bekunesivumelwano esitloliweko sokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado ophakathi kwabalingani, esikhathini esizzinyanga ezilitjhumi nambili ukusukela ngelanga lokuthoma ukusebenz akomThetho lo, bgodu

			(b)	nakumtjhado okungenwe kiwo ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, esikhathini seenyanga ezintathui ukusuka ngelanga lokuthoma ukusebenza kwesivumelwano nofana esikhathini esiluliweko njengombana ikhotho inganikela imvumo enjalo ngesibawo.

		(2)	Ngokungajamelani nanofana ngimiphi imibandela emumethwe kinofana ngimuphi uthetho omunye, isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado esitjhwiwe kusigatjana (1)akudingi bonyana siqiniswe nge mumuntu womthetho.

		(3)	Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, bangahlanganyela ekwenzeni isibawo ekhotho sokutjhugulula ihlelo labo lepahla yomtjhado, elisebenza emtjhadwenabo nofana emitjhadwenabo begodu ikhotho ingathi, nakube yanelisekile bona  

(a)	kuneenzathu ezizwakalako zetjhuguluko elihlongozwako
(b)	isaziso esitloliweko nesanelisako setjhuguluko elihlongozwako sinikelwe boke abakolodwa balingani malungana nenani elingaphezu ama-R500 nofana inani elinjalo elingaquntwa nguNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa ngesaziso kuGazethe; begodu

			(c)	akunamuntu omunye ozakonakaliswa litjhuguluko elihlongozwako,

			iyale bona ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado elisetjenziswa emtjhadweninofana emitjhadweni enjalo angeze lisasebenza bese igunyaze abalingani bomtjhado nofana bemitjhado leyo benze isivumelwano esitloliweko lapha ikusasa lehlelo lepahla yomtjhado wabo nofana yabo lizakulawulwa ngemibandela equntelwe yikhotho. 

		(4)	Nakuyindoda emlingani emtjhadweni ongaphezu kowodwa  wesiMuslimu, boke abantu abanekareko elaneleko endabeni, khulukhulu umlingani nofana abalingani bendoda abakhona, kumele bahlanganiswe ekambisweni.

		(5)	Nakube indoda imlingani emtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona, godu emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, boke abalingani bayo abakhona kumele bahlanganiswe eenkambisweni.

		(6)	Indoda esemtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha umThetho lo usebenza akhona, efuna ukungena komunye umtjhado wesiMuslimu nomunye umfazi ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, kumele yenze isibawo ekhotho ibawe imvumo ngokwesigatjana (7), bese ivume isivumelwano esitloliweko esizokulawula ihlelo lakusasa lepahla yemitjhadwakhe. 

		(7)	Lokha nayitjheja isibawo ngokwesigatjana (6), ikhotho  

			(a)	kumele inikele imvumo nakube yanelisekile bonyana indoda ikghona ukuphatha ngokulingana abalingani bayo njengombana kuquntelwe yi- Qur’an eCwengileko;

			(b)	nakumtjhado okhona ohlanganyela ipahla nofana onehlelo lokubuthelela nofana esinye nje isivumelwano, inga  

				(i)	phelisa ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado elisebenza emtjhadweni lowo; godu

				(ii)	layela bona kuhlukaniswe msinyana ilifa elihlanganyelwekwelo ngokulinganako, nofana ngeendlela ezinye ezingavunywa yikhotho,

				(iii)	layela bona kuhlukaniswe msinyana ukubuthelelwa okutjhiwoko ukuya ngemibandela  yesahluko 1 somThetho wePahla yomTjhado, 1984 (umThetho 88 ka 1984), nofana ngeendlela ezinye ezingavunywa yikhotho;
			(c)	yenze umyalo onjalo malungana nelifa elizakuba khona labalinganabo njengombana kuvunyelwene ngokuzwana, nofana, ukufelelisa nofana ngisiphi isivumelwano, umtjhado uzakuthathwa bonyana awuhlanganyeli ipahla, ngaphandle kwanange ikhotho ngeenzathu ezikatelelako iqunte ngenye indlela.

		(8)	Boke abantu abanekareko elaneleko endabeni, khulukhulu abalingani abakhona bowenza isibawo kanye nabazokuba balingani, kumele bahlanganyele eenkambisweni ezenziwe ngokwesigatjana (6).

		(9)	Nakube ikhotho inikela isibawo esitjhiwo kusigatjana (3)no (6), umtlolisis nofana umabhalana wekhotho, njengombana kungaba njalo, kumele anikele umlingani ngamunye umyalo wekhotho kufaka nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwano esinjalo beyenze  bona umyalo lowo nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwaneso ithunyelwe komunye nomunye umtlolisi wamafa wendawo lapha kunekhotho leyo khona malungana neenhloso zokutloliswa. 

		(10)	Akunamtjhadisi ozakutlolisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu wesibili nofana olandela lowo, ngaphandle kwanange indoda inikela umtjhadisi umyalo wekhotho onikela imvumo edingekako ngokwesigatjana (7).

		(11)	Indoda engena emtjhadweni omunye wesiMuslimu, khibe sele itjhadile, ngaphandle kwemvumo yekhotho, ngokuphikisana nesigatjana (6) izakuba nomlandu beyiqalane nehlawulo engeqi  R20 000.

		(12)	Nanyana ngimuphi umuntu oqabela omunye ngabomu ekusebenziseni nofana ngiliphi ilungelo anikelwe lona ngaphasi komThetho lo, uzakuba nomlandu abe aqalane nehlawulo nofana ukubotjhwa isikhathi esingeqi umnyaka. 

	Ukupheliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu

	9.	(1)	Imibandela yesigaba 2 yomThetho wokuTlhala izakusetjenziswa, ngamatjhuguluko adingekako ebujamweni, malungana nendawo ephethwe yikhotho ngeenhloso zomThetho lo. 

		(2)	Ngaphandle kokujamelana nemibandela yesigaba 3(a) somThetho wokuTlhala nofana enye nenye into ejamelene nalokho ekunanyana ngimuphi umthetho nofana umthetho ovamileko, umtjhado wesiMuslimu ungapheliswa yikhotho nganofana ngiziphi iinzathu ezivunyelwa mthetho wesi-Islamu. Imibandela yesigabesi nayo izakusetjenziswa namatjhuguluko adingwa bujamo, emtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona njengombana iinqhema ziqunte ukukhetha ukwenza bona imibandela yomThetho lo isebenze epahleni yomtjhadwabo.

		(3)	Nakuyi-Talaq lokhu okulandelako kuzakusebenza:

			(a)	Indoda izakukateleleka ukubanga bona I-Talaq engatjhugulukiko itloliswe msinyanat kodwana nanyana ngayiphi indlela, kungabi ngemva kwamalanga ama- 30 days ngemva kwesaziswesi, kumtjhadisi ema-ofisini kamarhistrata eduze nalapha kuhlala umfazi wayo, phambi komfazayo nofana umjamelakhe osemthethweni kanye nabofakazi ababili. 

			(b)	Nakube ubukhona bomfazi nofana abofakazi bakhe ngeenzathu ezithize abukaphephi, umtjhadisi uzakutlolisa I-Talaq engatjhugulukiko kwaphela nakube indoda leyo yanelisa umtjhadisi bonyana isaziso esifaneleko sanikelwa umfazi loyo ngendlela equntelweko yitjherifi nofana msebenzi ojamele itjherifi. 

			(c)	Imibndela yendima (a) no (b) izakusetjenziswa, namatjhuguluko adingwa bujamo, lapha indoda ithume khona inikele khona umfazi ilungelo lokumemezela I-Talaq, begodu umfazi umemezele I-Talaq engatjhugulukiko (Tafwid al- Talaq).

			(d)	Nanyana ngiyiphi indoda ethi yazi kodwana yehluleke ngabomu ukutlolisa I-Talaq engatjhugulukiko ngokwesigatjana uzakuba nomlandu abe aqalane nehlawulo engeqi I-R5 000.

			(e)	Nakube umlingani uphikisa ukusebenza kwe-Talaq engatjhugulukiko, ukuya ngomThetho wesi-Islamu, umtjhadisi akazukutlolisa lokho kufikela lapha kurarululwa khona umbango ngomlamulisis ngokesigaba 14 nofana yikhotho nofana ngolandelelako kobana kube nentatha etloliweko phakathi kwabalingani. 

			(f)	Umlingani uzakuthi emalangeni ali-14 ukusuka ngelanga lokutloliswa kwe-Talaq engatjhugulukiko, athathe amagadango womthetho ekhotho efaneleko malungana nomyalo oqinisa ukupheliswa komtjhado ngendlela ye- Talaq.  Igadango elithethwekwelo lizakukhambisana neenkambiso eziquntelwe ngeenkhathi zoke mithetho esebenzako yekhotho. Ikhophi yesitifikeyiti sokutloliswa kwe-Talaq engatjhugulukiko izakunanyathiselwa kumasamanisi asungula igadangwelo. Lokhu akuqabeli umlingani bona angafuni isizo lesikhatjhana elilandelako  

				(i)	isibawo pendente lite malungana nokujanyiswa  nofana ilungelo lobunikazi lesikahtjhana, nofana ukubona, umntwana ongasimondarha emtjhadweni nofana ukukhokha isondlo;

				(ii)	isibawo seminikelo yeendleko zegadango elinjalo nofana ukusungula igadango elinjalo, nofana ukwenza isibawo esinjalo, nge-forma pauperis, nofana malungana nemisebenzi ejanyiselelweko yekambiso, nofana I-edictal citation yomlingani, egadangweni elinjalo nofana wesibawo esinjalo; nofana

				(iii)	isibawo sesondlo ngesikhathi se-Iddah.

			(g)	I-Talaq engatjhugulukiko ithatha umphumela onjalo ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, ayizokudingeka kobana itloliswe ngokwemibandela yomThetho lo..

		(4)	Ikhotho kumele inikele umyalo wokutlhala ngokwe-Faskh phezu kwanofana ngisiphi isizathu esithathwa bona sifanele malungana nokupheliswa kwemitjhado engaphasi komthetho wesi-Islamu, kufaka iinzathu ezitjhwiwe ehalthululweni ye-Faskh esigabeni 1.  Umfazi uzakusungula igadango malungana nomyalo wokutlhala ngendlela ye-Faskh ekhotho efaneleko, bese ikambiso esebenza lapho izakuba yikambiso equntelwe ngeenkhathi ezithize mithetho yekhotho, kufaka nokusizakala okufaneleko, pendente lite, okutjhiwe kusigatjana (3)(f).  Ukunikelwa kwe-Faskh yikhotho, kufaka ne-Faskh enikelwe lokha indoda nayenza isibawo, izakuba namandla wokuphelisa umtjhado.

		(5)	Abalingani abenze I-Khula’ngokwabo nangokuhlanganyela bazakuvela phambi komtjhadisi bese benze bona khonokho kutloliswe ebukhoneni babofakazi abafaneleko ababili. Umtjhadisi uzakutlolisa I-Khula’ njenge-Talaq engatjhugulukiko, lapha imibandela yesigatjana  (3)(f)izakusebenza khona namatjhuguluko anjalo njengombana kungadingwa bujamo.

		(6)	UmThetho wokuLamula keZinye iiNdaba zokuTlhalana, 1987 (umThetho 24 ka 1987) neengaba 6(1)no (2) zomThetho wokuTlhala ophathelene nokutlhogomela ihlalakuhle yomntwana ongasimondarha emtjhadweni lowo, usetjenziswa ekupheliseni umtjhado wesiMuslimu ngaphasi komThetho lo.

		(7)	Ikhotho enikela nofana eqinisa umyalo wokuphelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu  

			(a)	inamandla atjhwiwe eengaebni 7(1), 7(7) no 7(8) zomThetho wokuTlhalana 24(1) womThetho wePahlayomTjhado,, 1984 (umThetho 88 ka 1984);

			(b)	kumele, nakube ibona kufanele, ngaphandle kwanofana ngisiphi isivumelwano phakathi kwabalingani abazokutjhada malungana nokuhlukaniswa kwepahlabo, iyale bonyana ipahla leyo ihlikaniselwe abalinganabo ngokulinganako, lapha  

				(i)	ihlangano isize khona nofana inikele umsebenzi, ekwenzeni nofana ekuphetheni umgidingo womndeni nofana imigidingo  ngesikhathi umtjhado usesekhona; nofana 

				(ii)	abalingani bafake isandla lokha umtjhadwabo nawusesekhona ekondleni nofana ekwandiseni ilifa lomunye komunye, nofana omunye wabo, kufikela lapha kungasakghoneki khona ukuhlukanisa khona bona leli lilifa lamuphi umlingani. 

			(c)	kumele, nayindoda emlingani emtjhadweni  wesiMuslimu ongaphezu kowodwa, kutjhejwe woke amaphuzu kufaka ukulandelana kwemitjhado, zoke iimvumelwano, iimbopho nofana umyalo okwenziwe ngokwesigaba 8(3)no (7).

			(d)	inayala bonyana nanyana ngubani emqondweni wekhotho onekareko elaneleko endabeni ahlanganiswe eenkambisweni;

			(e)	ingenza umyalo malungana nelungelo lobunikazi nofana ukuba mumondli nofana ithuba lokubona umntwana ongasimondarha womtjhado ngokuqalisisa imibandela yesigaba 11;

			(f)	kumele kuthi nayenza umyalo wokukhokha isondlo, kufaka nesondlo esidlulileko, itjheje woke amaphuzu afaneleko; godu

			(g)	yenze umyalo malungana nesipho sokubuyisana (mut’ah al Talaq) kumibandela ehlathululiweko evunyelwa mthetho wesiMuslimu. 

		(8)	Lokha nakupheliswa umtjhado ngokufa, umlingani oseleko uzakuba nelungelo lokufaka isibizo elifeni lakamufi malungana nelobolo elingakakhokhwa, nofana nakungasinjalo kube malungana nanofana yini ephathekako eyamukelwa mhetho wesi-Islamu. 

	Iminyaka yobunengi

	10.	Malungana neenhloso zomThetho lo, iminyaka yobunengi yomuntu iquntwa ngokomThetho wemiNyaka yobuNengi, 1972 (umThetho 57 ka 1972).

	Ilungelo lobunikazi kanye nokubona umntwana ongasimondarha

11.	(1)	Nakwenziwa umyalo malungana nelungelo lobunikazi bomntwana, nofana ukubona umntwana ingasimondarha, nofana ukwenza iqunto ngokutlhogonyelwa, ikhotho, ngokuhlonipha umthetho wesi-Islamu kanye nombiko neentuso zomJameli womNdeni, izakutjheja ihlalakuhle nekareko elingcono lomntwana. 

		(2)	Ngokukhambisana nesigatjana (1), umbelethi onganalungelo lobunikazi uzakuba nelungelo lokubona umntwana. 

		(3)	Nakhibe bobabili ababelethi abakho, nofana, bangaphumeleli, nganofana ngimaphi amabanga, kodwana ngokukhambisana nesigatjana (1), ikhotho, ngokuhlonipha umthetho wesi-Islamu, nayinikela ilungelo lobunikazi (al-hadanah) nofana ukutlogonyelwa (al-walayah) komntwana ongasimondarha, inikele ubunikazi nofana ukutlhogomela umuntu loyo njengombana ikhotho izakubona kufanelekile, kibo boke ubujamo. 

		(4)	Umyalo omalungana noubnikazi bomntwana, ukutlhogomela nofana ukubona umntwana umntwana, owenziwe ngokomThetho lo, ungathi ngesinye nesinye isikhathi ubuyekezwe nofana wehluke, nofana nakumalungana nokubona umntwana, ujanyiswe yikhotho nakube ikhotho ifunyana kunesizathu esaneleko salokho: Kwaphela nakube iphenyo liyenziwa mJameli womNdeni malungana nehalakuhle yomntwana ongasimondarha, ngaphambi kokwenziwa umyalo offaneleko malungana nokwehluka, ukwesula nofana ukujamisa, nanyana ngayiphi idlela. 

	Isondlo

	12.	(1)	Imibandela yomThetho weSondlo, 1998 (umThetho 99 ka 1988) izakusebenza, namatjhuguluko adingwa bujamo malungana nomsebenzi wanofana ngubani ukondla nofana ngubani omunye.  Ngaphandle kokunyaza imibandela yomThetho lowo, imibandela yesigatjana  (2) ukuya ku(4) izakusebenza.

		(2)	Ngaphandle kokujamelana nemibandela yesigaba 15 somThetho weSondlo, 1998, nofana, umthetho ovamileko, ikhotho yokondla izakuthi, nayikhupha umyalo wokondla, nofana nayiqunta inani elikhokhwa njengesondlo, itjheje bona 

			(a)	indoda inesibopho sokondla umkayo lokha umtjhado wesiMuslimu nawusesekhona ukuya ngendlela akghona ngayo kanye neendingo zakhe ezizwakalako;

			(b)	ubaba unesibopho sokondla abantwana bakhe kufikela bakghona khona ukuzondla;

			(c)	nakube kupheliswa umtjhado wesiMuslimu ngokutlhalana  

				(i)	indoda inesibopho sokondla umfazi ngesikhathi esikatelelekileko se- ‘Iddah;

				(ii)	lapha umfazi anobunikazi babantwana ngokwesigaba 11, indoda ikatelelekile ukukhokhela umfazi, kufaka nokumbonelela ngendawo yokuhlala nakube umfazi akanayo indawo, malungana nesikhathi sobunikazeso kwaphela;

				(iii)	umfazi uzakuba nelungelo ngeqadi lokunxephezelwa (ujrah al-hadanah) malungana nokumunyisa kwesikhathi seminyaka emibili ebalwe ukusuka ngelanga lokubelethwa komntwana; 

				(iv)	isibopho sendoda sokondla umntwana obelethwe emtjhadweni onjalo sifaka isibonelelo sokudla, izambatho, indawo eseqadi yokuhlala, ukwelatjhwa kanye nefundo. 
		(3)	Nanyana ngiliphi inani lesondlo eliquntwe njalo lizakuba linani elingabonwa yikhotho lifanelekile ngamabanga woke. 

		(4)	Umyalo wesondlo owenziwe ngokomThetho lo ungathi ngesinye nesinye isikhathi usulwe nofana uhluke nofana ujanyiswe yikhotho nakube ikhotho ifunyana iinzathu ezaneleko zalokho. 

      		(5)	Isondlo esingakakhokhelwa nesele sidlulwe sikhathi sokukhokhelwa umfazi asikwazi ukwesulwa ngokuquintelwa, ngaphandle kokujamelana nemibandela yomThetho wokuQuntela , 1969 (umThetho 68 ka 1969) nofana nanyana ngimuphi umthetho. 

	UKULAMULA OKUKATELELEKILEKO

	13.	(1)	Nakunombango ovuka lokha umtjhado wesiMuslimu nawusesekhona nofana ovuke emtjhadweni onjalo, nofana ngubani oyingcenye yomtjhado lowo, uzakuqalisa umbango lowo, nofana kungasiphi isikhathi, nanyana kungaphambi nofana kungemuva kokuthathwa kwamagadango womthetho atjhiwe kusigaba 9(2)(f) kodwana ngaphambi kokulalelwa kwawo yikhotho, umKhandlu wokuLamula, okhethwe njengoquntelako. 

		(2)	UmKhandlu wokuLamula uzakulinga ukurarulula umbango ngokulamula emalangeni ama- 30 ukusuka ngelanga olethwe ngalo.  Umlingani namunye angajanyelwa mjameli amthandako ekulamuleni okunjalo. 

		(3)	UmKhandlu wokuLamula, nakuraruluka umbango, uzakuletha isivumelwano sokulamula ekhotho emalangeni alikhomba ukusuka ngelanga lesirarululo begodu ikhotho leyo, nakube yanelisekile kobana abantwana abangasimondarha bavikelekile, iqinisekise isivumelwano sokulamula.

		(4)	Nakube umKhandlu wokuLamula uqinisekisile bonyana umbango uhlala ungakararululeki nofana nakube umbango uhlala ungakararululeki ngemva kokuphela kwamalanga ama-30 ukusuka elangeni olethwe ngalo, umbango lowo ungahlulelwa ekhotho yikhotho ngokwesigaba 15.

	UKULAMULA  (Tahkim)

	14.	(1)	Ngaphandle kokujamelana nanofana yini emumethwe kumThetho wokuLamula, 1965 (umThetho 42 ka 1965), nofana nanyana ngimuphi omunye umthetho, abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu bangavumelana ukuletha umbango ovuke ngesikhathi umtjhadwabo usesekhona nofana emtjhadweni onjalo kumlamuli kobana urarululwe ngokulamulwa.

		(2)	Ngokuya ngesigatjana (4), imibandela yomThetho, 1965, izakusebenza ekulamuleni okwenziwe ngokwesigabesi. 

		(3)	Umlamuli uzakuqinisekisa bonyana  

			(a)	isililo sabalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu sokobana kurarululwe umbango ekundleni yokulamula siyamukelwa;  begodu

			(b)	Nanyana ngibaphi abanye abantu abangaba nekareko kumphumela wokulamula bayaziswa ngokulamulokho. 

		(4)	Akunanikelo lokulamula elithinta ihlala kuhle yomntwana ongasimondarha nofana ijamo lanofana ngubani elizakwenziwa ngaphandle kwanange kuqiniswa yiKhotho ePhakemeko ngesibawo ekhotho leyo begodu nakusaziso kibo boke abantu abanekareko emphumeleni wokulamula. 

		(5)	Nakutjhejwa isibawo malungana sokuqiniswa kwenikelo lokulamula, ikhotho kumele yaneliseke bonyana inikelo lizakubhadekela boke abantwana abangasimondarha begodu ukufika lapha ikhotho inga  

			(a)	qinisekisa inikelo;
			(b)	memezela loke nofana ingcenye yenikelo bona alisasebenzi;
			(c)	jamiselele inikelo ngelinye inikelo ikhotho elibona lilungile;
			(d)	lungisa inikelo ngendlela efaneleko; nofana
			(e)	hlalisa kuhle indaba yokuLamula ngeendlela ezifaneleko.

		(6)	Akunalitho kusigatjana (5) elizakuthathwa kwanga likhawula amandla welawulo lekhotho ngaphasi kwanofana ngimuphi umthetho ukubuyekeza inikelo lokulamula njengombana likhuluma ngombango wepahla ongathinti amalungelo nofana ikareko lomntwana ongasimondarha. 

	Amakhotho nabahlolisisi

	15.	(1)	Nakube nanyana ngimuphi umbango ulethwa ekhotho kobana uzokubangwa, imibandela elandelako izakusebenza –

	(a)	Umongameli wamajaji nofana ophetheko ekhotho enegunya, uzakukhetha ijaji leMuslimu ekhothwapho kobana lilalele umbango lowo, nakube akunajaji leMuslimu, uNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa komThethosisekelo uzakukhetha umjameli ofaneleko weMuslimu nofana igqwetha okungenani oneminyaka eli-10 asebenza njengesikhulu esiphetheko;

	(b)	ikhotho izakusizwa bahlolisisi ababili bamaMuslimu abanelwazi elikhethekileko lomthetho wesi-Islamu; 

	(c)	abahlolisisi bazakukhetha nguNgqongqotjhe ngesimemezelo kuGazethe baphathe I-ofisi iminyaka emihlanu ukusuka ngelanga lesimemezelo esifaneleko:  Kwaphela nange ukukhethwa kwabahlolisisi abanjalo ngesinye nesinye isikhathi kungapheliswa nguNgqongqotjhe nganofana ngisiphi isizathu esizwakalako;

	(d)	nanyana ngubani omuntu okhethwe njalo uzakuba negunya lokukhetha isikhathi esitjhwiweko njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angabona kufanele.

		(2)	Abahlolisisi abakhethwe ngokwesigaba bazakusebenza ngesikhundla sokululeka. Nakube ijaji eliphetheko lingalandeli iseluleko somhlolisisi onjalo uzakutjho imibonwakhe ngokutloliweko, okuzakuthi nakube kukuzibilayeza, kulethwe kumTlolisi weKhotho eKulu yokuziBilayeza njengengcenye yerikhodo malungana nokutjhejisiswa yikhotho leyo. 

		(3)	Nanyana ngiliphi iqunto lizakuyama  ekuzibilayezeni eKhotho eKulu yokuziBilayeza ukuya ngokwemiThetho esebenzako yeKhotho, ngaphandle kwanange ozibilayezako angakakatelelwa kobana alethe isibambiso malungana neendleko zokuzibilayeza. 

		(4)	Nakube kunokuzibilayeza eKhotho eKulu yokuziBilayeza, iqunto elinjalo lizakulethwa eenhlanganweni ezimbili zesiMuslimu, ezigunyazwe njengombana kuquntiwe, malungana nokutshwaya okutloliweko emibuzweni yomthetho ezokunikelwa umTlolisi weKhotho eKulu yokuziBilayeza  esikhathini esimalanga amatjhumi asithandathu ukusuka ngelanga isaziso sokuzibilayeza sethulwe ngalo. 

		(5)	IKhotho eKulu yokuziBilayeza, nayiqunta ukuzibilayeza okutjhwiwe kusigatjana (4), izakutjheja ukutshwaya okutloliweko okutjhwiwe kusigatjaneso.

		(6)	Ungqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa komThethosisekelo, ngokuthintana neBhodo eSiza ngezomThetho ehlonywe ngokwesigaba  2 somThetho wokuSiza ngomThetho, 1969 (umThetho  22 ka 1969), uzakwenza isibonelelo esifaneleko malungana nokunikelwa kwesizo lezomthetho emntwini odududu. 

	Ukupheliswa komtjhado wesikhuwa okhona

	16.	(1)	Nakumlingani osemtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona athome igadango lokutlhala ngokomThetho wokuTlhala ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, ikhotho ayizokuphelisa umtjhado wesikhuwa ngokunikela incwadi yokutlhala kufikela lapha ikhotho yaneliseka khona bonyana umtjhado okhambisanako wesiMuslimu uphelisiwe. 

		(2)	Nakuyindoda yala, nganofana ngisiphi isizathu, ukumemezela I- Talaq enhatjhugulukiko, umfazi womtjhado wesiMuslimu lowo uzakuba nelungelo lokwenza isibawo sencwadi ye-Faskh ngokomThetho lo malungana nehloso leyo kwaphela, lapha imibandela yomThetho lo izakusetjenziswa khona, namatjhuguluko adingwa bujamo..

		(3)	Indaba ingathi, ngemibandela etjhwiwe kusigatjana (2), ithunyelwe emuva ekhotho kobana kuyoquntwa ubunikazi bepahla nofana enye ipahla yomtjhado ngokomThetho wokuTlhala kanye nomthetho okhambisanako womtjhado. 

		(4)	Lapha, ngokungezelela emtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona, indoda seyingene komunye godu umtjhado nofana imitjhado yesiMuslimu etloliswe ngaphasi komThetho lo, umlingani nofana abalingani abakhona bendoda leyo kumele bahlanganiswe egadangweni lokutlhala elitjhwiwe kusigatjana (1).

		(5)	Imibandela yesigatjana  (1)izakusebenza, namatjhuguluko anjalo njengombana kungadingwa bujamo, kubalingani emtjhadweni wesikhuwa abakhethe ukwamukela imibandela yomThetho lo njengombana kutjhiwo kusigaba 2.

	Amagadango angaphikiswako

	17.	(1)	Lokha iinkambiso nazenziwe ngaphasi komThetho lo malungana nokuqinisekiswa nofana ukunikelwa incwadi yokuphelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu nofana okhunye ukuphunyuzwa, bese iinkambiswezo aziohikiswa, nofana lokha abalingani nabenze isivumelwano sentatha, indaba izakulalelwa lijaji lesiMuslimu ngaphandle kwabahlolisisi. 

		(2)	Umyalo wokuphelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu ayizonikelwa nofana iqinisekiswe ngaphasi komThetho lo ngaphandle kwanange ijaji eliphetheko lanelisekile bonyana abantwana ababelethwe emtjhadweni lowo bavikelekile. 




	Imithetjhwana

	18.	(1)	UNgqonqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa komThethosisekelo, ngemva kokubonisana noNgqongqotjhe, angenza imithetjhwana –

			(a)	ephathelene   

				(i)	neemfuneko okumele ziphethwe kanye nelwazi okumele linikelwe umtjhadisi malungana nokutloliswa nokupheliswa komtjhado wesiMuslimu;

				(ii)	indlela umtjhadisi okumele azanelise ngayo ngokuba khona nofana ngobuqiniso bomtjhado wesiMuslimu;

				(iii)	indlela nanyana ngubani angahle ahlanganyele ekuqinisekiseni kokubakhona nofana ekutloliseni kanofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesiMuslimu;

				(iv)	ijamo nokumumethwe  sitifikeyiti, isaziso, neentatimende ezifungelweko ezidingeka malungana neenhloso zomThetho lo;

				(v)	ubulungeka, iintifikeyiti,ukwenziwa, ukulungiswa, ukuvezwa butjha nokulahlwa kwanofana ngimuphi umtlolo ophathelene nokutloliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu nofana kwanofana ngimuphi umtlolo oqintelwe ngokwemithetjhwana;

				(vi)	nanyana ngiyiphi indaba edingekako nofana evunyelwe bonyana iquntelwe ngokomThetho lo, 

				(vii)	ukukhethwa, ukutloliswa, imithetho yokuziphsthskanye nokuhlongakala nokungabi namandla kwabahlolisisi kufaka nokukhokhelwa kweembonelelo zabahlolisisi

				(viii)	nanyana ngiyiphi enye indaba edingekako nofana eqakathekileko ukuhlinzeka malungana nokutloliswa okunepumelelo kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu nofana ukuphathwa ngkghono komThetho lo; begodu

			(b)	ukuqunta imali ebhadelwa malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado wesiMuslimu nokunikelwa kwanofana ngisiphi isitifikeyiti malungana nalokho. 

		(2)	Nofana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwa ngaphasi kwesigatjana (1) ongahle ube nomphumela weendleko malungana nomBuso kumele wenziwe ngokuthintana noNgqongqotjhe wezeeMali. 

		(3)	Nanyana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana (1) unhahlinzeka bonyana nanyana ngubani owephula imibandelo leyo nofana ohluleka kukhambisana nalokhu uzakuba nomlandu bese nagwetjwako aqalane nehlawulo nofana ukubotjhwa isikhathi esingeqi umnyaka owodwa. 

	Iindleko egadangweni lokutlhala

	19.	Ikhotho ayizokubotjhelelwa bona yenze umyalo weendleko malungana nolingani ophumeleleko egadangweni lokutlhala, kodwana ikhotho, ngokutjhejisisa iindlela zokwenza zabalingani nokuziphatha kwabo okufaneleko,ingenza umyalo onjalo ngendlela ebona kufanele ngayo, begodu ikhotho ingayala bonyana iindleko zeenkambiso zihlaniselwe abalingani.

	20.	Nakube umbango ophathelene nokobana umtjhado wesiMuslimu ogidingwe enarheni etjhili umele nofana awakameli ukwamukelwa njengomtjhado osemthethweni wesiMuslimu ngaphasi komThetho lo, umbango onjalo uzakuquntwa yikhotho ngokuqalisisa woke amaphuzu afaneleko, kufaka nemigomo yerarano lemithetho. 

	Ukutjhugululwa kwemithetho

	21.	Imithetho etjhwiwe kuTjheduli ngalokhu iyatjhugululwa ngendlela ihlelwe ngakhona kukholomu yesithathu yeTjheduli. 

	22.	UmThetho lokuthiwa mThetho wemiTjhado yesiMuslimu, 20.., begodu uthoma ukusebenza ngelanga elibekwe nguMongameli ngesimemezelo kuGazethe.”


 
 
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