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UMLEYO WOMTHETHOMGOMO WAMALIMI WESITJHABA









Umtlamo wokugcina



























13 Novemba 2002

























1







OKUNGAPHAKATHI



ISETHULO NGONGQONGQOTJHE WEZOBUKGHWARI, AMASIKO, ISAYENSI NETHEKNOLOJI



IRHELO LAMA-AKHRONIMI



ISIGABA 1	ISENDLALELO NOBUJAMO



Isingeniso 



Ubujamo bezomlando 



Ubujamo bokubekwa komthetho 





ISIGABA 2	IZINTO EZIQAKATHEKILEKO ZOMTHETHOMGOMO



Iminqopho 



Imithethokambiso 



Indlelakambiso 



Lapho usebenza khona 





ISIGABA 3	UKUTHUTHUKISWA KWAMAKGHONO WABASEBENZI





ISIGABA 4	AMAQHINGA WOKUFEZAKALISA





IHLATHULULO YAMAGAMA





















































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ISETHULO NGONGQONGQOTJHE WEZOBUKGHWARI, AMASIKO, ISAYENSI NETHEKNOLOJI, DR BS NGUBANE



Ilimi lomuntu ngeendlela ezinengi “linguye umuntu lowo mbala”; libunikazi bemvelo bawo woke umuntu, esikghona ngabo ukuzwakalisa amathemba kunye neminqopho yethu, siphimisele imicabango namagugu wethu, sihlole ilemuko namasiko wethu, godu sakhe umphakathi wethu nemithetho ewubusako. Lilimi elenza bona sisebenze njengabantu ephasini elihlala litjhuguluka. Ilungelo lokusebenzisa amalimi wangokomthetho esizikhethela wona livunyelwe eRhelweni lamaLungelo wobuNtu begodu nomThethosisekelo wethu uyavuma bona amalimi wabantu bethu amthombo okufanele usetjenziswe.



Ngizikhakhazisa khulu ngokuthi, ngemva kwendlela yekambiso yokubonisana engeneleleko, sigcine sifike ebujameni bokumemezela umleyo womthethomgomo wamalimi eSewula Afrika. Lokhu kusiphetho sendlela yekambiso eyathoma ngo- 1995, ngesikhathi ngizakukhetha isiQhema sokuTlama iKambiso yeLimi (LANGTAG) esasingiyelelisa ngomleyo womthethomgomo nomtlamo welimi ohlangeneko. Leligadango laliqakathekile nasiqala ukutlhogakala kokulibalelana ekwahlukeni ngokwamalimi godu lokhu kurholela “emrarweni omkhulu ekambisweni yamalimi amanengi” njengombana kubonakala kwamanye amahlangothi wemiphakathi yethu, begodu nokukhula kokuhlatjwa ngilabo abadlala indima emalimini emukghweni wekambiso yelimi linye eSewula Afrika.



UmLeyo womThethomgomo wamaLimi wesiTjhaba usekelwe emphumeleni wekambiso yokubonisana, ku-LANGTAG begodu nangemizamo yomNyango wami ngokusebenzisana nesiQhema sokuYelelisa ngomThethomgomo wamaLimi. Umleyo womthethomgomo usisekelo ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamalimi wethu ahlukeneko begodu nokufikelelwa kwehloso yombuso ekuthuthukiseni ikambiso yentando yenengi, ubulungiswa, ubuhle kunye nokubumbana kwesitjhaba. Kungalommoya lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwamalimi woke alitjhumi nanye wenarha yethu njengombana kubekwe mThethosisekelo kube lihlangothi eliqakathekileko lalomthethomgomo.













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LomLeyo woMthethomgomo utjheja bona igugu lamalimi wethu libekwa kusetjenziswa kwawo kwezomnotho, emphakathini kunye nakwezombanganarha. Ilimi nalilahlekelwa kukwazisa kwalo kilamahlangothi, ubujamo balo buyaphela. UmLeyo womThethomgomo godu uyithathela phezulu iselela yokuhlangana kwephasi ngakwezomnotho begodu nokuthi amalimi wethu wendabuko kufanele abe lihlangothi lebhoduluko lezobuthekniki elikhula ngokurhaba. Kungakho uhlose ukuqinisa ubujamo nokusetjenziswa kwamalimi wendabuko eSewula Afrika.



Nginethemba elikhulu bona amaSewula Afrika woke azawamukela lomLeyo womThethomgomo wamaLimi wesiTjhaba, njengewawo. Ngikholwa bona kufanele sihlangene soke siqinisekise bona umthethomgomo uyafezakala emaphilweni wethu, uqinise godu usenze sizikhakhazise begodu siziveze njengesitjhaba esihlukileko, seSewula Afrika ehlukileko.



………………………….



DR BS NGUBANE, MP









































































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IRHELO LAMA-AKHRONIMI



LANGTAG     isiQhema sokuTlama iKambiso yeLimi



LiEP	mThethomgomo weLimi eFundweni



MTEF	umLeyo wokuSetjenziswa kweeMali esiKhathini esiLingeneko



NLS	imiSebenzi yamaLimi wesiTjhaba



PanSALB      iBhodo yamaLimi woKe weSewula Afrika



SADC	umPhakathi wezeTuthuko weSewula ye- Afrika



SASL	iLimi lamaTshwayo eSewula Afrika



SAQA	baLawuli bamaZinga wezeFundo eSewula Afrika



TISSA	imiSebenzi yokuRhumutjha ngomTato eSewula Afrika







































































































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ISIGABA 1: ISENDLALELO NOBUJAMO





1.1.     ISINGENISO





Pheze malimi ama-25 ahlukeneko akhulunywa eSewula Afrika, kuthi ali-11 wawo anikelwe ubujamo bokuhlonitjhwa bangokomthetho ngokuya kwesahluko 6 somThethosisekelo ka 1996 (umThetho wenomboro 108 ka-1996), ngebanga lokuthi ukusetjenziswa kwawo kufaka amaphesenti pheze abe ma-98 wesitjhaba soke. 



Amalimi ali-11 wangokomthetho siNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu nesiSwati (abizwa ngokuthi malimi wesiNguni); iSesotho, Sepedi kunye neSetswana (abizwa ngokuthi malimi wesiSotho); Tshivenda, Xitsonga, isiNgisi kunye nesiBhuru (Afrikaans). 







ISewula Afrika iyinarha esebenzisa amalimi amanengi. Umukghwa obonakala khulu ngekambiso yamalimi amanengi eSewula Afrika liqiniso lokuthi amalimi ambalwa wendabuko akhulunywa nangaphetjheya kwemikhawulo yamaphrovinsi, abelwana miphakathi ebuya emaphrovinsini ahlukeneko. 



Kwanjesi kunokwazisa okuqinileko kwetlhogeko lokuqinisa imizamo yokuthuthukisa amalimi lawo wendabuko abekagandelelwe ngaphambilini begodu nokukhuphula ikambiso yamalimi amanengi nayikuthi amaSewula Afrika azakutjhatjhululwa ekuthembeleni okungafunekiko ekusetjenzisweni kwamalimi okungasiwo wendabuko njengamalimi aphetheko, wangokomthetho wombuso. 



Kuze kube gadesi ukuphathwa kwamalimi ahlukileko eSewula Afrika ngemuva kwebandlululo kumraro ngokungabikhona komthethomgomo ohlelwe kuhle welimi, okurholela ekusetjenzisweni kwesiNgisi nesiBhuru njengamalimi aphetheko kwezomnotho nakwezokuhlalisana kunye nakwezombanganarha emphakathini wethu. 











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Ngemuva kweminyaka ebunane yedemokhrasi, iSewula Afrika sele ifike ebujameni obuqakatheke khulu emlandweni wayo. AmaSewula Afrika kufanele aqalane poro nokwehluka kwawo ngokwamalimi namasiko kunye neenselela zekambiso yamalimi amanengi yomthethosisekelo, kungakho kungeniswe umLeyo womThethomgomo wamaLimi wesiTjhaba. 



UmLeyo womThethomgomo awuhlongozi kuphela indlela etja ekambisweni yamalimi amanengi eSewula Afrika, kodwana ukhuthaza khulu ukusetjenziswa kwamalimi wendabuko njengamalimi wangokomthetho khona kuzakukhuliswa bekuthuthukiswe ukubumbana kwesitjhaba. Godu uvumela ukwamukelwa mazombe kokwehlukana ngokwamalimi, ubulungiswa emphakathini, imithethokambiso yokuthola imisebenzi yomphakathi namahlelo ngokulingana, godu nokuhlonipha amalungelo welimi. 



Lomtlolo unikela umleyo wokufezakalisa ngokunetlha esikhathini sekambiso yamalimi amanengi ngokuya kweenjamiso zomThethosisekelo. 



1.2.     Ubujamo bezomlando





Kusukela ekuthunjweni kokuthoma kweSewula Afrika maDatjhi ngonyaka ka-1652, ngokubusa kwamaNgisi umlandelande, ukuHlangana kweSewula Afrika, kunye nokusungulwa komBuso webandlululo kunye neRiphabhliki yeSewula Afrika, bekube kufika kwentando yenengi ngo-1994 kunye 



neenjamiso zomthetho zomThethosisekelo ngekambiso yamalimi amanengi, umthethomgomo welimi wombuso namandla walabo abaphila ipilo ephezulu wahluleka ukubona ukwehluka kweSewula Afrika ngokwamalimi.



Ubujamobu barholela ekungalinganini kwamalimi, ukukhonya kwesiNgisi nesiBhuru kwadala itjhebiswano lokungalingani phakathi kwalamalimi, nalawo wabantu abanzima. 



Imithethomigomo yelimi yamakoloni nebandlululo, ngokuhlanganyela nemithethomigomo yezombanganarha kunye neyomnotho nezokuhlalisana, 





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ngakho-ke yarholela ekukhuleni kwesakhiwo samalimi, ukungalingani kwawo okwakubonakala ezakhiweni zokungalingani zobutjhaba namazinga wobujamo emphakathini weSewula Afrika.



Zoke lezizenzo zabanga ipikiswano ngobujamo nokuhlukana kwamalimi wendabuko kunye nemihlobo ehlukeneko yamalimi wabantu abanzima nezinye iinqhema ezigandelelweko kufaka hlangana abaNgezwako nabaNgaboniko – kwakhuthaza imibono engasimihle ngamalimi we-Afrika, engasi ngeyalabo abakhuluma isiNgisi nesiBhuru kuphela kodwana nabanye abanengi abakhuluma amalimi we-Afrika ngokwabo. 



Ubujamo bungezelelwa kukobana, ngebanga lemibono engayikude nemithetho engabanga irarano ephikisana nokuhlonywa kwekambiso yamalimi amanengi, iinhlangano zomphakathi nezangeqadi zinomukghwa wokuthatha iinqunto zesigiyani ezingakhambelaniko ngamalimi neenjamiso zomthethosisekelo kunye neemfuneko ezikhambelana namalimi. 







1.3.     Ubujamo bokubekwa komthetho





Isahluko 6 somThethosisekelo sinikela umleyo omkhulu wekambiso yamalimi amanengi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamalimi wangokomthetho kunye nokuthuthukiswa kwehlonipho nokulitjalelwa kokwahlukana ngamalimi eSewula Afrika. Sibeka amalungelo welimi wezakhamizi, okufanele ahlonitjhwe ngemithethomigomo yesitjhaba yamalimi. 



UmThethosisekelo ugandelela bona woke amalimi wangokomthetho kufanele “athabele ukulingana kokuzithemba” begodu aphathwe ngokulingana, ngokwenza njalo kuqiniswe ubujamo nokusetjenziswa kwamalimi wendabuko, ngokuthi umbuso uthathe amagadango womthetho kunye namanye, ukulawula nokuphatha ukusetjenziswa kwamalimi wendabuko ebekadinywe amathuba. 













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UmThethosisekelo ugunyaza itjhuguluko ebujameni belimi inarha yoke, ngokunikela itjhejo lezokuhlalisana nezombanganarha eenqhemeni zamalimi egade adinywe amathuba ngokuya kweendingo ezizwakalisiweko zemiphakathi kunye neenqhema ezinekareko. 



Isahluko 6 (2) somThethosisekelo sifuna kubekwe iindlela zokwenza, okuzakuthuthukiswa ngazo amalimi wendabuko la. 



Isahluko 6 (3) kunye no (4) zineenjamiso ezikhambelana nelimi zeminyango yesitjhaba namaphrovinsi, lapho iminyango yombuso kufanele isebenzise, ubuncani bakhona amalimi amabili wangokomthetho. 



Ukuphuhlisa ukwehlukana ngokwamalimi ukuya phambili, isahluko 6 (5) sinikela ngokuhlonywa kweBhodo yamaLimi woKe weSewula Afrika (PanSALB) ukuphuhlisa ikambiso yamalimi amanengi begodu nokuqiniseka ingasi ukuthuthukisa nokusetjenziswa kwamalimi wangokomthetho 



kuphela, kodwana namaLimi wabaRwa, kunye neLimi / namaLimi lama / wamaTshwayo. IBhodo godu izakwakha ukuhlonitjhwa kwamaLimi



wamaFa akhulunywa ngamanye amahlangothi womphakathi wethu kunye nalawo malimi asetjenziselwa iminqopho yezekolo.



Ezinye iinjamiso ezikhambelana neendaba zelimi zenziwe kwenye indawo emThethwenisisekelo. Isahluko 9 (3) sivikela ekubandlululweni ngokungakafaneli ngokuya kwelimi, kuthi izahluko 30 no 31 (1) zikhuluma ngamalungelo wabantu ngokuya kwesiko, zekolo kunye nokuzibandakanya ngakwezelimi nokuzithabisa. Isahluko 35 (3) no (4) sikhuluma ngamalungelo welimi wabantu ababotjhiweko, abavalelwe ngaphandle kokuvela ekhotho kunye nababekwe umlandu, ngokugandelela elungelweni lokunikelwa ukusegwa komlandu ngekambiso eyenziwa namkha erhumutjhwa ngelimi elikhethwa mumuntu lowo. 



UmNyango wezeFundo ufake “umThethomgomo weLimi eFundweni (LiEP)”, ogandelela ikambiso yamalimi amanengi njengokunaba kokwehluka 





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ngamasiko kunye nehlangothi eliqakathekileko lokwakhiwa kweSewula Afrika enganabandlululo. Umthethokambiso osisekelo kugcina ilimi lomfundi lekhaya efundweni nekufundiseni, kodwana kukhuthaza abafundi bona bathole amalimi wokungezelela godu. I-LiEP isebenza ngezinto ezifana nelimi/amalimi lo/wokufunda nokufundisa eenkolweni zomphakathi, ehlelweni lesikolo kunye nemisebenzini ekhambelana nelimi yemibuso yamaphrovinsi wefundo kunye namabandla aphethe iinkolo.



UmThethosisekelo kunye nemithetho ekhambisanako ngokubonakala iraga ukuphuhliswa kwekambiso yamalimi amanengi eSewula Afrika. Ngesibangesi-ke, lomleyo womthethomgomo kufanele uqalelele ngokwaneleko ukuvumelanisa umthethomgomo welimi kiwo womathathu amazinga wemibuso begodu ubeke ngokucacileko ubujamo bomthethomgomo ngobujamo nokusetjenziswa kwamalimi wendabuko wangokomthetho emaphrovinsini wolithoba eSewula Afrika. 











































































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ISIGABA 2: IZINTO  EZIQAKATHEKILEKO ZOMTHETHOMGOMO





2.1 Iminqopho





Umthethomgomo welimi uyavuma ngeenjamiso zomthethosisekelo mayelana nekambiso yamalimi amanengi begodu uhlanganyele neminqopho yombuso ekukhuleni ngakwezomnotho, zombanganarha nomphakathi kunye nezefundo. Iinhloso zawo ku-



phuhlisa ukusetjenziswa ngokulingana kwamalimi alitjhumi nanye wangokomthetho; 

kghonakalisa ukufikelela ngokulingana emisebenzini yombuso, ilwazi kunye nokuzwisisa; 

qinisekisa ukulungiswa emalimini wangokomthetho wendabuko abekade adinywe amathuba; 

kusungula nokudzimelelisa indlela yokukhuluma nokutlola ngamalimi amanengi kiyo yoke imiphakathi yamalimi; 

khuthaza ukufundwa kwamanye amalimi wangokomthetho wendabuko ukuphuhlisa ubunye besitjhaba, nokwehlukana ngokwelimi namasiko; godu; noku 



phuhlisa ukuphathwa kuhle kwelimi khona kuzakulawulwa kuhle ukuphathwa kwemisebenzi yesitjhaba khona kuzakuhlangabezwana neenrhuluphelo neendingo zamakhastama. 



2.2. Imithethokambiso





Umthethomgomo welimi usekelwe emithethwenikambiso elandelako:





Ukuzinikela ekuphuhliseni ukulingana ngokwelimi kunye namalungelo ngokwelimi njengombana kufunwa lihlelo lentando yenengi; 

ukwazi bona amalimi amthombo wokwandisa ilwazi, ikghono kunye nokudlala indima ekulu eenkorweni zombanganarha nezomnotho kunye nezokuhlalisana; 

ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ekuphuhliseni ikambiso yamalimi amanengi 







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ngokomthethosisekelo;



ukukhandela ukusetjenziswa kwelinye nelinye ilimi ngomnqopho wokutlhorisa, ukugandelela kunye nokubandlulula; godu 

nokuqinisa ukubekwa kwabantu phambili nakutjhejwa iinrhuluphelo, iindingo kunye neemfuno zemiphakathi eminengi yelimi ngokukhulumisana nekulumo-pikiswano. 



2.3. Indlelakambiso





Indlelakambiso itjheja lokhu okulandelako:





Ukuphuhlisa ikambiso yamalimi amanengi eSewula Afrika kufuna imizamo enganyazi ilwazi elikhona emphakathini lapho amalimi wendabuko wangokomthetho asetjenziswa khona khulu. Lokhu kuzakukghonakaliswa kusetjenziswa nokubandakanywa kwemiphakathi njengabadlalindima eenkambisweni zokuthuthukiswa kwelimi. 



Kungalindeleleka ukufaka izazi zelimi ekurhelebheni ekambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwamahlelo wokusebenza kwamalimi amanengi ngerhubhululo kunye nokusatjalaliswa kwalokho okutholakeleko. 



Ukughonakalisa ukusebenzisana nokwabelana ngokuziphendulela hlangana nemibuso emalunga we-SADC kuzakukhambisa burhaba ukuthuthuka kwelimi. 



Kuzatlhogeka bona kwenziwe ukubuyekezwa kwemithethomgomo ngeenkathi ezamukelekako khona kuzakweluswa iragelo phambili elitjhinga emphakathini weSewula Afrika osebenzisa amalimi amanengi. 



Indlela etholakala emphakathini ekuthuthukisweni kwekambiso yamalimi amanengi ngengasebenza khulu, nakuqalwa umphakathi weSewula Afrika oneenqhema neenhlangano zombanganarha ezinengi. Kufanele kube nendlela enikela amandla kiwo woke umuntu begodu nekhuthaza ukudlala indima ekutlameni ilimi nokufezekiseni umthethomgomo ohlanganisa ilwazi 





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lesithekniki ukudlulisa ilwazi namakghono.





2.4. Lapho uzakusebenza khona





Indlela yomthethomgomo namkha iinjamiso zomthethomgomo ingendlela elandelako:



Zoke izakhiwo zombuso (wesitjhaba, yamaphrovinsi kunye neyemibuso yabomaziphathe beendawo) kunye neenhlangano ezisebenzisa amandla womphakathi namkha ezenza umsebenzi womphakathi ngokuya komthetho 



wenarha, zilawulwa mLeyo womThethomgomo weLimi.





Ekuphuhliseni ikambiso yamalimi amanengi amaphrovinsi azakubumba imithethomigomo yawo ngokuya komhlahlandlela otholakala kilomLeyo womThethomgomo, ngokuqala ubujamo bawo ngokwesifunda kunye neendingo zomphakathi nalokho okuthandako, njengombana kubekiwe emThethwenisisekelo. 



Imibuso yabomaziphathe beendawo izakubeka ukusetjenziswa kwelimi kunye nokunyulwa miphakathi yayo ngomleyo welimi okghonakalisako wephrovinsi. Ngemuva kokubekwa kokusetjenziswa kwelimi nokunyulwa miphakathi, imibuso yabomaziphathe beendawo kufanele ngokubonisana nemiphakathi yayo, yakhe beyazise nokufezekisa umthethomgomo wamalimi amanengi. 



Amalimi wangokomthetho azakusetjenziswa ngendlela okufuneka ngayo emisebenzini yoke yesibethamthetho, kufaka ukugadangiswa ku-Hansard, njengelungelo; nasiya eembethamthethweni zamaphrovinsi, ubujamo besifunda ngibo obuzakutjho bona kusetjenziswe liphi ilimi namkha amalimi. 



Umbuso uzakukhuthaza bewunikele ngesekelo nakutlhogekako, amabhizinisi wangeqadi ukuthuthukisa begodu afezekise yawo imithethomigomo yamalimi ngokuya komleyo womthethomgomo wamalimi wesitjhaba. 





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Ukuthuthukisa ikambiso yamalimi amanengi lomthethomgomo ubeka ukusetjenziswa kwamalimi ahlukeneko ezakhiweni zombuso ngendlela elandelako: 



2.4.6.1. Ili/ amalimi (eli) asebenzako / Ili/amalimi (lo) wokurekhoda:



Ngokuvumelana, esinye nesinye isakhiwo sombuso kufanele sivumelane ngelimi / amalimi eli/asebenzako (elizakusebenza ekuthintaneni kwangaphakathi kunye nokukhulumisana neminye iminyango); ikani nakukghonekako, kungazukuba nomuntu okhandelwako ekusebenziseni ilimi alifunako. Eminqopheni yokubamba imihlangano namkha ukwenza imisebenzi ethileko umzamo kufanele wenziwe ukusebenzisa iindlela zokukghonakalisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimi ezifana nokutjhugulula nokurhumutjha (kokubili ukurhumutjha ngokulandela isikhulumi nokurhumutjha ngokukhambisana nesikhulumi, kunye nokurhumutjha ngokuhleba) nakukghonekako.



Ukuthintana namalunga womphakathi: Eminqopheni yokuthintana kwangokomthetho ngomtlolo, ilimi elikhethwa sisakhamuzi kufanele lisetjenziswe. Koke ukuthintana ngomlomo kufanele kwenziwe ngelimi elinyulwa balaleli. Nakutlhogekako, yoke imizamo kufanele yenziwe ukusebenzisa iindlela zokukghonakalisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimi ezifana nokurhumutjha (ukurhumutjha ngokulandela isikhulumi, ukurhumutjha ngokukhambisana nesikhulumi, ukurhumutjha ngomtato kunye nokurhumutjha ngokuhleba) nakukghonekako. 



Imitlolo yombuso: Ihlelo lemitlolo lokusetjenziswa kwekambiso 



yamalimi amanengi kufanele lilandelwe minyango yombuso wesitjhaba eendaweni lapho kungafuneki imitlolo ngamalimi woke alitjhumi nanye wangokomthetho.



2.4.6.4. Lapho ukusebenza kuhle nokuzinza kombuso kelinye nelinye izinga kufuna ukuthintana okungeneleleko kwelwazi, kufanele livezwe ngawo woke amalimi alitjhumi nanye wangokomthetho kuthi emaphrovinsini kube





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ngawo woke amalimi wangokomthetho abekiweko ephrovinsini.





Eendaweni lapho imitlolo yombuso ingeze yatholakala ngawo wolitjhumi nanye amalimi wangokomthetho, iminyango yombuso wesitjhaba kufanele 

iveze imitlolo kanye kanye ngamalimi ubuncani bakhona asithandathu. Ukukhethwa kwamalimi kuzakwenziwa ngalendlela elandelako:



Ubuncani bakhona linye esiqhemeni samalimi wesiNguni (isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu kunye nesiSwati); 

Ubuncani bakhona linye esiqhemeni sesiSotho (Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana); 

Tshivenda; Xitsonga; isiNgisi; kunye 

nesiBhuru (Afrikaans). 





Umthethokambiso wokudlhegana kufanele usetjenziswe nakukhethwa amalimi wokuveza imitlolo yombuso ngamalimi wesiNguni nesiSotho. 



Ukuthintana neentjhabatjhaba: Ukuthintana kombuso ezingeni lephasi kuzakwenziwa ngesiNgisi namkha kwesikhatjhana, ngelimi elikhethwe yinarha leyo. 

















































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ISIGABA 3: UKUTHUTHUKISWA KWAMAKGHONO WABASEBENZI





Ukufezekiswa komthethomgomo wamalimi kuzokwandisa ukufuneka kwemisebenzi yokutjhugulula nokuhlela kunye nemisebenzi yokurhumutjha, ikakhulukazi emalimini wendabuko. Ihlangothi eliqakatheke khulu lelwazi lokutjhugulula kilamalimi kuzakufanela bona likhuliswe eminyangweni yombuso kunye nekorweni yangeqadi, isibonelo, ebujameni balabo abasebenza ngelimi bangeqadi abafana nabatjhugululi, abahleli kunye nabarhumutjhi. Isidingo esandako semisebenzi yabasebenzi belimi ababandulwe ngokwaneleko sizakufuna ibandulo lamakghono eliragela phambili. 



Ukuhlonywa kwamayunithi welimi komunye nomunye umnyango wombuso wesitjhaba kunye nakwenye nenye iphrovinsi kuzakuba nomthelela endleleni yokusebenza yemiSebenzi yamaLimi wesiTjhaba. ImiSebenzi yamaLimi wesiTjhaba (NLS) izakufanela bona ihlanganise ukulawula ukufezekiswa 



komthethomgomo ngokukghonakalisa ukubandulwa kwabasebenzi beyunithi yelimi emisebenzini yokutlama elimini begodu nokusekelwa kwamahlelo wokusebenza walamayunithi. ImiSebenzi yamaLimi wesiTjhaba izakuzibopha ngokuvumelanisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlelo wokubandulwa kwabatjhugululi, ama-editha nabarhumutjhi, begodu nokuhlonywa kwemihlahlandlela esebenzako mayelana neendaba zekhwalithi.



Iindawo ezifana nekambiso yokwamukelwa kwamagama nebuthelelo lamagama ukwenza isihlathululimagama nazo zizakuthinteka. Ukwanda komsebenzi wokutjhugulula kuzakufuna ituthuko ekhamba burhaba yokuthuthukiswa kokwamukelwa kwamagama emalimini wangokomthetho kunye neButhelelo lamaGama wesiTjhaba elizakufikelelwa ngibo boke abasebenza ngelimi embusweni kunye nebangeqadi. 



Ukutholakala kweensetjenziswa zetheknoloji yamalimi wesintu (isibonelo, ukutjhugulula ngokurhelejwa mtjhini, ibuthelelo lamagama wokurhumutjha, ihlelo lokuhlola ukupeledwa kwamagama) emalimini wendabuko kuzakudlala indima ekulu ekusekeleni imisebenzi yokukghonakalisa ilimi. 





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Ubukhulu bokukhetha bamayunithi welimi buzakubekwa begodu ibandulo lamakghono kilendawo lizakubekwa phambili ngemuva kokuqalwa kwesibalo samalimi wangokomthetho okufanele asetjenziswe nasele siqaliwe. Amayunithi 



abunjwa basebenzi ababandulwe ngokwaneleko abane namkha ngaphezulu azakufuna abomabhalana.



Ukwakhiwa kwekghono eendaweni lezo esele zifanisiwe zokukghonakaliswa kwelimi kuzakwenzeka ngokusebenzisana nabanikeli bemisebenzi abafana neenhlangano zefundo yamazinga aphezulu abanikela amahlelo wefundo akhambelana nobujamo obubekwe baLawuli bezamaZinga wezeFundo eSewula Afrika (SAQA) namahlelo wefundo ekusebenzeni kwelimi, ukutjhugulula nokuhlela, ukurhumutjha, ukutlanywa kwelimi, ukwamukelwa kwamagama kunye nokutlolwa kweenhlathululi-magama. 















































































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ISIGABA 4: AMAQHINGA WOKUFEZAKALISA





Ukufakwa kancani kancani komthethomgomo wokufezekisa okuragela phambili esikhathini esifitjhani, esilingeneko kunye neside kuyindlela enyulekako emazingeni woke. 



Ngokuphathelene nemitlolo yombuso, ukufezekiswa kuzakufakwa zizakhiwo zombuso ngetjhejo elikhulu nokuqala ukwenzeka kwayo ngesikhathi okungasenani seminyaka emithathu. Ubuhle bokufakwa kwayo kancani kancani ngendlela yokwenza kukobana, iminyango ingandisa ngokwanda kwenani ukuthuthuka kwekghono nokuphathwa kwekambiso yokufezekiswa ngokwaneleko. 



Izakhiwo zombuso zizakuba nesikhathi sokutlama amabhajethi wazo ngokungezelela kancani kancani izabelo ngesikhathi somLeyo wokuseTjenziswa kweeMali esiKhathini esiLingeneko (MTEF) nemisebenzi yokutlama ngokukhambisana nemithombo efuneka ekufezekisweni ngepumelelo komthethomgomo. 



Iindlela zokwalusa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemisebenzi yokutjhugulula nokuhlela zizakwenziwa. 



Ngokusebenzisana neBhodo yamaLimi woKe weSewula Afrika, umNyango wezobuKghwari namaSiko uzakulawula iragelo phambili begodu uzakubika ngeenkhathi ezibekiweko ebaphathini abafaneleko. 



Ukubuyekezwa kwemithethomigomo kuzakwenziwa njalo begodu neemphakamiso zizakwenziwa khona kuzakuba namatjhuguluko lapho kufuneka khona amabhajethi azakuhlaliswa kuhle ngokufunekako. 



Imithangalasisekelo efunekako ukusebenzisa umthethomgomo izakujanyiswa. Lokhu kuzakufaka ukuhlonywa kwamayunithi welimi kiyo yoke iminyango yesitjhaba begodu nemaphrovinsini ukuphatha- 





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ukuthintana ngomlomo kwangaphakathi nahlangana neminyango kiwo woke amazinga wombuso; 



ukuthintana ngomtlolo ngaphakathi nahlangana namazinga woke wombuso; 

ukuthintana nomphakathi ngomlomo; ukuthintana ngomtlolo nomphakathi; begodu nokuthintana ngokweentjhabatjhaba nakufaneleko. 



Ezinye iindlela zokufezekisa ezizakusetjenziswa liRhelo lokuziPhatha labaSebenzi bomBuso, elihlonywe mKhandlu wabaSebenzi beLimi beSewula Afrika, imiSebenzi yokuRhumutjha ngomTato yeSewula Afrika (TISSA), indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwamalimi abekagandelelwe ngaphambilini kunye nendlela yokwenza yetheknoloji yamalimi wabantu. 



Ukuziphendulela kombuso okungezelelweko mayelana nokufezekiswa komthethomgomo welimi lesitjhaba kungendlela elandelako: 

Ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi abafuneka ekuhlonyweni ngepumelelo kwekambiso yamalimi amanengi; 

ukulawula ukukghonakaliswa kwebizelo elingeneleleko lelimi, isibonelo, ukutjhugulula, ukurhumutjha nokubuthelelwa kwamagama ngokuthuthukisa nangomthetho ofaneleko. 



ukusekela imizamo yokulungisa ekhethekileko namahlelo wamalimi wendabuko abekagandelelwe ngaphambilini, okutjho, amalimi wabanzima newabaRwa kunye namaLimi wamaTshwayo; kunye 

nokusekela ukufundwa nokufundiswa kwawo woke amalimi weSewula Afrika kiwo woke amazinga wesikolo. 

































19





IHLATHULULO  YAMAGAMA





ikambiso
 
yamalimi
 
Umukghwa   wokusebenzisa   amalimi   amabili   (ngaphandle
 

 
amabili
 

 
kokuwazi ngokulingana).
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ukuthuthukiswa
 
Ukuthuthukiswa   kwelimi   ngemigwalo,   ukubeka   ebujameni
 

 
kwelimi
 

 
obamukelekako kunye nokuthuthukisa imisebenzi khona ilimi
 

 

 

 
lingasetjenziswa ezikweni leendaba, efundweni, emahlelweni
 

 

 

 
wezomthetho   kunye   newezokuphatha,   njll,   godu   kancani
 

 

 

 
ngokunikela    indawo    yokuvezwa    kwemisebenzi    etlolwe
 

 

 

 
ngelimelo.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ukuhlela
 

 
Sisenzo      sokwenza      amatjhuguluko      elimini      namkha
 

 

 

 
emukghweni womtlolo.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ubuhle nokulingana
 
Ikhwalithi   yokulunga,   ukungathathi   hlangothi;   ukuphatha
 

 

 

 
ngokulinganako; okulungileko kunye nokuhle.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ikambiso
 
yamalimi
 
Itjho      ukukhetha      ilimi/amalimi      eli/athileko      ebujameni
 

 
amanengi
 

 
obuthileko, ngokuya kobujamo balapho kusetjenziswa khona
 

 
esebenzako
 
ilimi,    isibonelo,    umsebenzi,    abalaleli    kunye    nomlayezo
 

 

 

 
elisetjenziselwa wona.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
amaLimi wamaFa
 
Malimi     angasi     wendabuko     enarheni     kodwana     eza
 

 

 

 
namaphandle.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
amalimi
 

 
Ngobujamo  beSewula  Afrika,  la  malimi  anikelwa  ubujamo
 

 
ebekadinywe
 
obuphasi  ziinqhema  zakade  ekhabe  zinamandla,  ngalokho,
 

 
amathuba
 

 
akhenge
 
asetjenziswe
 
namkha
 
athuthukiselwe
 

 
ngaphambilini
 
ukusetjenziswa    ekubikeni    iindaba,    efundweni    (ngemuva
 

 

 

 
kwefundo  yokuthoma  yephrayimari),  namkha  emphakathini
 

 

 

 
namkha  ekorweni  yezomnotho.  Lisekelo  elincani  elanikelwa
 

 

 

 
ukuthuthukisa  imihlobo  yezobukghwari  obukhona  kilamalimi.
 

 

 

 
Lamalimi   afaka   hlangana   amalimi   wendabuko,   amaLimi
 

 

 

 
wamaFa kunye namaLimi wamaTshwayo (SASL).
 

 

 

 

 

 
itheknoloji
 
yamalimi
 
Ukusetjenziswa kwelwazi lelimi ekuthuthukisweni kwamahlelo
 

 
wabantu
 

 
wekhomphyutha  angafanisa,  azwisise,  arhumutjhe  abenze
 

 

 

 
ilimi  labantu ngayo yoke  imihlobo, isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 








20






 
kweensetjenziswa
 
zekhomphyutha,
 
ezenza
 
kukghoneke
 

 

 
ebantwini bona basebenzisane namakhomphyutha.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ilimi lendabuko
 
Lilimi elisungulwe kileyo narha.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ukurhumutjha
 
Sisenzo  sokususa  ikulumo  elimini  lesikhulumi  uyise  elimini
 

 

 
elinye, ngokukhuluma.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
itjhejo ngelimi
 
Kukuba    masikizi    ngendlela    ilimi    elisetjenziswa    ngayo
 

 

 
emphakathini,     nanyana     abasebenzisi     balo     banikelwa
 

 

 
amalungelo  wabo  welimi,  godu  nokobana  ilimi  lisetjenziswa
 

 

 
bunjani ukunikela amandla namkha ukumuka amandla.
 

 

 

 

 
ukulingana
 
Ngokuya    komThethosisekelo,    woke    amalimi    azakuthola
 

 
kwamalimi
 
ihlonipho  elinganako.  Ukuphathwa  ngokulingana  kwamalimi
 

 

 
amabili   namkha   amanengi,   khulu   khulu   ngokuphathelene
 

 

 
nehlangothi  elisemthethweni  lomphakathi  elinjengomthetho,
 

 

 
ubulungiswa, ukuphathwa komphakathi kunye nokulaya.
 

 

 

 

 
ukulinganiswa
 
Ukulunga  kokunikelwa  kwelimi  kunye/namkha  nokuphathwa
 

 
kwamalimi
 
kwamalimi   amabili   namkha   adlula   lapho.   Izinto   ezifana
 

 

 
nembalo     yabakhulumi     nobujamo     belimi     bungafakela
 

 

 
umthethomgomo ummoya wokubeka ukusetjenziswa kwelimi
 

 

 
emahlangothini
 

 
athileko.
 
Ukusetjenziswokhu
 

 
kungahle
 

 

 
kungalingani.  “Umbuso  asoze  wasebenzisa  amalimi  wazo
 

 

 
zoke    izakhamizi    kuhle    begodu    ungazibekela    ukufika
 

 

 
ekusebenziseni  ilimi  /  amalimi  lelo/lawo  eli/asemthethweni,
 

 

 
namkha amanye amalimi, ngenye indlela” (Turi, 1993:14-15).
 

 

 

 

 
ukutlanywa kwelimi
 
Ukutlanywa   kwelimi   kuqale   ekurarululeni   imiraro   yelimi
 

 

 
ngokubumba
 
iinhloso
 
ezingasetjenziswa
 

 
nakubhala
 

 

 
yokuthoma,   izinto   zokwenza   kunye  nemiphumela.   Kufaka
 

 

 
hlangana   iinkambiso   zokulawula   nokuthuthukisa   amalimi
 

 

 
ngokuthuthukiswa kwelimi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
umthethomgomo
 
Isiqunto  sangokomthetho  ngobujamo  bamalimi  ahlukeneko
 

 
welimi
 
akhulunywa   emiphakathini   ekhuluma    amalimi   amanengi
 

 

 
namkha    enezinto    ezihlukeneko,    isibonelo,    ngiliphi    ilimi
 

 

 
elingaba  ngelesitjhaba   namkha   langokomthetho,
 
ngimaphi
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 








21






 

 
amalimi   angasetjenziswa   njengamalimi   wesifunda   begodu
 

 

 

 
buzakuba yini ubujamo bawo.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
amalungelo welimi
 
Imithetho  ibeka  ubujamo  lapho  izakhamizi  zingazikhethela
 

 

 

 
ngokwelimi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
amayunithi welimi
 
Abasebenzeli
 
bombuso
 
eminyagweni
 
nemaphrovinsini
 

 

 

 
azakusebenza ngezinto ezithileko zelimi zomnyango namkha
 

 

 

 
iphrovinsi esuka emThethwenimgomo wamaLimi wesiTjhaba
 

 

 

 
godu    nokukhulumisana    neminye    iminyango    ngeendaba
 

 

 

 
zelimi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ukwenziwa
 

 
Sisenzo    namkha    msebenzi    wokubuthelela    isihlathululi-
 

 
kweenhlathululi-
 
magama.
 

 

 

 

 

 
magama
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
amahlelo
 

 
Mahlelo   wekhomphyutha   atjhugulula   imitlolo   ye-elektroniki
 

 
wokutjhugulula
 
ukusuka kwelinye ilimi ukuya kwelinye.
 

 

 

 
ngomtjhini
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ilimi
 
elidinywe
 
Elinye    nelinye    ilimi    langokomthetho    elingasetjenziswa
 

 
amathuba
 

 
ngokomthetho    namkha    nayikuthi    ukusetjenziswa    kwalo
 

 

 

 
akukhuthazwa
 
ebujameni
 
bangokomthetho
 
(isibonelo,
 

 

 

 
efundweni,  kwezepilo).  “Amalimi  adinywe  amathuba”  kutjho
 

 

 

 
ubujamo obuphasi belimi kunye nabakhulumi balo. Isibonelo,
 

 

 

 
Xitsonga,   Tshivenda,   isiNdebele   kunye   nesiSwati   malimi
 

 

 

 
athathwa njengadinywe amathuba eSewula Afrika.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ilimi
 
lokulaya
 
Ilimi     lendlini     yokufundela     livezwa     lihlelo     lokufunda
 

 
(lokufunda)
 

 
nomthethomgomo   welimi.   “Ilimi   lokufunda”   litjho   ukusuka
 

 

 

 
kancani    khona    kuzakufaka    umqondo    wokobana    woke
 

 

 

 
amalimi  adlula  kwelinye  angasetjenziswa  begodu  abafundi
 

 

 

 
bangafikelela kelinye okungasilo lokufunda.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ikambiso
 
yamalimi
 
Ukusetjenziswa   kwamalimi   amathathu   namkha   amanengi
 

 
amanengi
 

 
mumuntu      namkha      siqhema      sabakhulumi      abafana
 

 

 

 
nezakhamizi zesifunda esithileko namkha isitjhaba.
 

 

 

 

 

 
ilimi langokomthetho
 
Ilimi    elisetjenziswa    embusweni,    emakhotho    womthetho,
 

 

 

 
efundweni, ebhizinisini kunye nezikweni leendaba.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 








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ukutjhugulula
 

 
Sisenzo  sokususa  umtlolo  elimini  lokuthoma  uwuse  elimini
 

 

 

 
elinye ngokutlola.
 

 

 

 

 

 
itheminoloji
 
(ilwazi
 
Magama   wesithekniki   abekwe   ebujameni   obuvunyelweko
 

 
magama)
 

 
kwenzelwa ikoro ethileko yesifundo.
 

 

 

 

 

 
i
 

 

 




iTd42nde02056:Eng-Nde: Language Policy Framework













































































































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