IKHOLIJI
YEZOBULUNGISWA
Lungiswe: Arhostosi 2005
OKUMUMETHWEKO
A. IMITJHADO YESINTU NGOKOMTHETHO 120 KA 1998 WOKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADO YESINTU 1
B. UKWABIWA KWAMAFA WABANTU ABANZIMA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADI YELIFA 21
IINHLOMELELO
ISETHULO
Umtlolo lo azange uhlanganiswe ngehloso yokobana ube mtlolo opheleleko nekuthathwa kiwo amagunya, kodwana umhlahlandlela kwaphela kubasebenzisi malungana nemitjhado nokwabiwa kwamafa.
Ngebanga lemithetho yebandlululo imitjhado ethileko yamaSewula Afrika wendabuko azange yemukelwe nofana ipheliswe ngaphasi kobujamo obuthileko. Umthetho omutjha okukhulunywa ngawo kilomtlolo ulethe amatjhuguluko arhabileko emikhubeni eyenziwako, njengombana kuzakuvela kiwo umtlolo lo.
Ngokufanako indlela ebekuphathwa ngayo ipahla yabaNtu abaNzima abahlongakala bangakabi amafa wabo, beyingekho kumthethosisekelo nakancani, nje-ke umthetho osuselwa eenquntweni zamacala waphambilini wakatelela umNyango wezobuLungiswa kobana utjhugulule ikambiso yawo yomthetho kobanyana ikhambisane nomThethosisekelo.
Kungenzeka bonyana ikambiso etja yomthetho okukhulunywa ngayo kilomtlolo nayo ayikhambisani nemikhuba yabantu bendabuko beSewula Afrika, kodwana lokhu akusiyo ihloso yekulumiswano le. Wena uzazihlukanisela ngalokho!
IMITLOLO ESETJENZISIWEKO
IMITJHADO YESINTU
AMACALA
UmThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu
Isahluko 40
Amacala
UKWABIWA
Amacala
IMITHETHO
UmThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima umThetho 38 ka 1927 (isigaba 23)
UmThetho wokuPhathwa kwamaFa umThetho 66 ka 1965
UmThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa ngaphandle kweNcwadi yeliFa umThetho 81 ka 1987
A. UMTHETHO 120 KA 1998 WOKWAMUKELWA KWEMITJHADO YESINTU
ISINGENISO
Ngaphambi kokungena ekulumeni edephileko yomThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu (ngemva kwalapha esizayibiza ngokuthi Mthetho ), kuyafuneka bona khesiphose ilihlo ngobujamo bezomthetho malungana nemitjhado yesikhuwa kanye nemitjhado yesintu yangaphambi komhlaka 15 Novemba 2000, (okulisuku umThetho lo owathoma ukusebenza ngalo).
IMITJHADO YESIKHUWA NGOKOMTHETHO 38 KA-1927
WOKUPHATHWA KWABANZIMA
Ubujamo Ukusukela Ngo 1929 Ukuya Kumhlaka 1 Disemba 1988
Kodwana ukuhlanganyela ipahla okunjalo, njll. bekukghoneka kwaphela nakube indoda beyingakathathi abanye abafazi ngomtjhado wesintu ngaphandle komfazi loyo efuna ukumtjhada isikhuwa.
Ngomhlaka 1 kuNovemba ka-1984, umThetho 88 ka 1984 wePahla yemTjhadweni wajanyiswa okwathi, hlangana nokhunye waphelisa amandla womtjhado indoda ebegade inawo phezu komfazi emtjhadweni wesikhuwa, nofana ngokomthetho wesintu. Umphumela walokhu kwaba kukuthi ukusuka ngomhlaka 1 kuNovemba 1984, amandla womtjahdo indoda ebegade inawo phezu komkayo ngokomtjhado owajanyiswa ngokwesigaba esisuliweko 22 asulwa ngokubalelwa emuva.
Umphumela Womtjhado Wesikhuwa Phezu Kokuthathana Kwesintu Okukhona Nje
Njengombana abalingani abathethene isintu bebangathathwa njengabatjhadene ngokomthetho, umlingani gade akghona ukuthi nanyana kukunini azitjhadele omunye umlingani ngomtjhado wesikhuwa, ukube umtjhado wesintu usesekhona. Umphumela walokho bekuba kukuthi umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo uginya wesintu qala ku-Nkambula v Linda 1951 1 SA 377 A no-Malaza v Mndaweni 1975 BAC C 45. Umfazi othethwe isintu bekuthiwa mlingani olahliweko . Umfazi othethwe isintu loyo naye gade akghona ukungena emtjhadweni wesikhuwa nenye indoda, ngokufanako ukuthathana kwabo kwesintu nakho bekufelela. Ukuthi ukuthathanokho kuvuselelwa mThetho wokwAmukelwa komTjhado wesiNtu 120 ka -1998 isigaba 2 mbuzo okumele amakhotho enze iqunto ngawo.
Kodwa nokho isigaba 22 somThetho 38 ka 1927 wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima sasinendledlana ethileko esasiqalelela ngayo ukuvikeleka komndeni olahliweko lokha indoda nayihlongakalako. Malungana neenhloso zokwaba ilifa, ijamo lomhlolokazi nabantwana bomtjhado wesikhuwa gade lithathwa bona lilingana nelomhlolokazi nabantwana bomtjhado wesintu. Okutjho bona ukubekwa phambili kwejamo lomfazi nabantwana bomtjhado wesikhuwa bekuphelelwa mamandla bese babekwa ezingeni elilinganako nelomfazi ( namkha abafazi) olahliweko nabantwabakhe.
Ubujamo Ukusukela Ngomhlaka 2 Disemba 1988
Ukuya ngokomThetho wokuTjhugululwa komThetho wemiTjhado nePahla yemTjadweni, umThetho 3 ka 1988, othome ukusebenza ngomhlaka 2 Disemba 1988, umThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima ka 1927 watjhugululwa.
UmThetho wokuTjhugulula waletha amatjhuguluko alandelako:
Ukusulwa Kwesigaba 22
Umphumela walokhu kwaba kukuthi yoke imitjhado eSewula Afrika yabekwa esilinganisweni esifanako begodu umThetho wePahla yemTjhadweni 88 ka 1984 nawo wasetjenziswa emitjhadweni yabanzima ebekhona ngemva kwangomhla ka-2 Disemba 1988. Nje-ke imitjhado eyenziwe ngemva kwangomhlaka-2 Disemba 1988 yaba ngehlanganyela ipahla, ngaphandle kwanange kwenziwa isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado besatloliswa esikhathini esiziinyanga ezintathu e-ofisini lokutloliswa kwepahla.
Isiqinteliselo Emtjhadweni
Elinye itjhuguluko eliqakathekileko kwaba kukobana ukuthathana kwesintu azange kufeleliswe mtjhado wesikhuwa. Isigaba 221 salela indoda etjhade isintu kobana ingene emtjhadweni wesikhuwa nomunye umfazi ukube umtjhado wesintu lowo usesekhona qala kuThembisile v Thembisile 2002 2 SA 209 T noKwitshane v Magalela 1999 4 SA 610 TK.
Ngetjhudu elimbi azange kwenziwe isibonelelo sokobana kwenziwani nakube umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo wenzeke ngemva kowesintu. NoKodwana kuyaqiniswa bonyana umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo awuyelwa.
Isigaba 3 somThetho 120 ka 1998 wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu, uvimbela umlingani osemtjhadweni wesintu kobana angene emtjhadweni wesikhuwa ukuya ngokomThetho 25 ka 1961 wemiTjhado. Isibonelelo esinjalo kukhulunywa ngaso endimeni 2.3.2 supra, kodwana godu azange kube nesibonelelo sokobana kwenziwani nakube imibandela yomThetho lo yephuliwe.
UmThetho 21 ka 1978 wemiTjhado eTranskei, bewuyivumela indoda esemtjhadweni wesikhuwa kobana ingene emitjhadweni eminye yesintu, kwaphela nakube umtjhado wesikhuwa loyo bewungahlanganyeli ipahla. Ngokufanako, indoda esemtjhadweni wesintu ingangena emtjhadweni wesikhuwa nomfazi wesithathu, kwaphela nange umtjhado wesikhuwa lowo ungasiwo ohlanganyela ipahla.
UKWAMUKELWA KOMTHETHO 120 KA 1998 WEMITJHADO YESINTU
UmThetho lo wathoma ukusebenza ngomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000 bewaletha igadango eliqinileko lokwamukela yoke imitjhado yesintu esemthethweni. UmThetho lo usebenza ngokubalelwa emuva begodu kuzakusetjenzwa ngawo isigaba ngesigaba.
Ukusebenziseka KomThetho Lo
UmThetho lo usebenza kiyo yoke imitjhado yesintu eyenziwe ngokomthetho wemitjhado yesintu, okutjho imikhuba nokusetjenziswa kwayo ngokwesiko phakathi kwama-Afrika weSewula Afrika begodu obumba ingcenye yesiko labantwabo.
Ngalokho kuyakhanya bonyana umThetho lo awukwazi ukubona eminye imibala ngombana usebenza kwaphela ebantwini bendabuko eSewula Afrika, kwaphela nakube umtjhado ugidingwe namkha wagidingwa ngokwemikhuba nokusetjenziswa kwamasiko wabantu bendabuko be-Afrika.
Ukwamukelwa KwemiTjhado yesiNtu
Isigaba 2 somThetho lo sihlukanisa hlangana kwemihlobo emibili yemitjhado yesintu eyamukelekako, okutjho:
Imitjhado YobuTsobe NeyesiThembu Eyenziwe Ngaphambi Kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Imitjhado eyenziwe ngaphambi kwangomhlaka-15 Novemba 2000 yamukelwa kwaphela nakube iyaziwa ngokomthetho wesintu begodu nakube beyikhona nakuthoma ukusebenza lomThetho. Iindingo okumele zaneliswe mitjhado le ngilezo ezibekwe mthetho wesintu ngokungakahleleki osebenza ngaphandle kwaKwaZulu-Natal nalezo zomthetho wesintu ohlelekileko osebenza KwaZulu-Natal.
Imitjhado YobuTsobe NeyesiThembu Eyenziwe Ngemva Kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Imitjhado eyenziwe ngemva kwangomhlaka-15 Novemba 2000 kumele ikhambisane neendingo zomThetho. Iindingo ezihlinzekwa emThethweni naziphikisanako begodu zibhalelwa kukhambisana zizakwenza imitjhado ibe lilize.
Iindingo Zomtjhado Owamukelekako Owenziwe Ngemva Kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Isigaba 3 somThetho sihlinzeka bonyana iindingo ezilandelako kumele zaneliswe malungana nomtjhado wesintu wobutsobe:
Bobabili okumele babe balingani kufanele babe ngaphezu kweminyaka eli- 18 nofana bathathwe bona bamondarha.
Bobabili okumele babe balingani kumele bavumelane kobana batjhada ngokomthetho wesintu.
Akekho omunye wabalinganabo okumele abe yingcenye yanofana ngimuphi omunye umtjhado wesintu.
Umtjhado kumele kukhulunyiswanwe ngawo bekwenziwe nofana ugidingwe ngokukhambisana nomthetho wesintu.
Ukuze uktjhado wesintu osithembu wamukeleke, phezu kweendingo ezifunekako ezitjhiwo ngaphezulu, kumele kwenziwe isivumelwano njengombana sihlinzekwe kusigaba 7 ( ikulumo epheleleko ngalokhu isendimeni 5.2.2 ).
Ukutloliswa KwemiTjhado YesiNtu
Isigaba 4 somThetho sibeka isibopho phezu kwabalingani kobana batlolise umtjhadwabo, kodwana ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado lowo akuthinti ubuqiniso bawo.
Ukutloliswa kwenziwa sikhulu esitlolisako ( emNyangweni wezangeKhaya ), kwaphela nakube ilwazi elifunekako eliquntiweko liyalethwa bekubhadelwe. Omunye nomunye umuntu, ingasi kwaphela abalingani, angenza isibawo sokutlolisa umtjhado, kwaphela nakube angaveza ikareko eyaneleko malungana nalokho.
Iindingo malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado nemitlolo okumele izaliswe nobufakazi obumele bulethwe e-ofisini lokutlolisa kusemthetjhwaneni yomThetho begodu angeze kwakhulunywa ngokudephileko emtlolweni lo.
Isibawo Esiqaliswe EKhotho
Isigaba 4 somThetho sihlinzeka bonyana ikhotho ingathintwa ngesibawo malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado wesintu. Isigatjanesi singasetjenziswa kwaphela nakube kunombango malungana nobuqiniso bomtjhado kodwana ingasi lokha isikhulu sokutlolisa nasinganasiqiniseko sokusetjenziswa kwemikhuba nokwenziwa kwayo.
UKULINGANA NGEJAMO NANGAMANDLA KWABALINGANI
Ngaphambi kokujanyiswa komThetho, umfazi osemtjhadweni wesintu gade athathwa bonyana uhlala angasimondarha bese indoda ithathwa njengomphathi wamafa. Isigaba 6 gadesi sesihlinzeka abalingani bobabili ngamandla alinganako, ngokukhambisana nomthetho wepahla yemtjhadweni olawula umtjhado.
UKUQAKATHEKA KOKUPHATHWA KWEPAHLA YEMITJHADO YESINTU
ImiTjhado YesiNtu EyAmukelekako Eyenziwe Ngaphambi Kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
Ukuqakatheka kokuphathwa kwepahla yemitjhado enjalo kuhlala kungaphasi kwelawulo lomthetho wesintu, ngokukhambisana nemibandela ekusigaba 6, ekukhulunywe ngayo ngehla. Ukuphathwa kwepahlokho kuthathwa khulu bonyana ngokungaphandle kokuhlanganyela ipahla ngaphandle kwehlelo lokubuthelela.
Isigaba 7 somThetho lo, nanyana kunjalo, siqalelela bonyana abalingani abatjhade ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza kwalomThetho ngokuhlanganyela bangenza isibawo ekhotho kobana batjhugulule ilawulo lepahlabo yemtjhadweni, kwaphela nakube kuneenzathu ezizwakalako zokwenza lokho, abakolodwako banikelwa isikhathi esaneleko begodu akunamuntu ozakuzindlekelwa ngetjhuguluko elinjalo. Ikhotho izakugunyaza abalingani ukungena esivumelwaneni bese umtjhado ngemva kwalapho ulawulwa sivumelwaneso.
Imitjhado EyAmukelekako Eyenziwe Ngemva Kwangomhlaka 15 Novemba 2000
ImiTjhado YesiNtu YobuTsobe
Nakube akunamlingani oyingcenye yanofana ngimuphi omunye umtjhado wesintu okhona, umtjhado uzakuba ngohlanganyela ipahla ngaphandle kwanange abalingani bangena esiVumelwaneni sangaPhambi komtjhado bese batlolisa isivumelwaneso e-ofisini yokutloliswa kwamafa. Nakufumaniseka bona abalingani bangena esiVumelwaneni sangaphambi komTjhado bese batlolisa isivumelwaneso e-ofisini yokutloliswa kwamafa, ukuqakatheka kokuphathwa kwamafa kuzakulawulwa sivumelwano.
Imitjhado YesiNtu YesiThembu
Indoda ethetheko kufuze bona yenze isibawo sokuthola umlayo wekhotho nakube ifuna ukuthatha omunye umfazi ngesintu. Umlayo wekhotho ngewoku:
lawula ikusasa lokuphathwa kwepahlakhe yomtjhado emfazini azomthatha lowo;
phelisa ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado emtjhadweni okhona gadesi; kanye nokuhlukanisa ipahla bese kuqinisekiswe bona ihlukaniswa ngokulinganako.
Ikhotho izosala isibawo esinjalo nakube ifunyana bonyana omunye wabalingani akakavikeleki kuhle ukuya ngokwesivumelwano.
Ukuya ngombono wabaLuleki bomThetho bamva nje ofunyenwe mNyango wezangeKhaya, ukwenziwa kwesivumelwano akuphikiswa begodu ukukweqisa amehlo lokho kungabanga bonyana umtjhado lowo ungayelwa.
UKUPHELISWA KWEMITJHADO YESINTU
Isigaba 8 godu silethe itjhuguluko ebujameni obudlulileko lapha umtjhado wesintu bewungapheliswa khona ngaphandle kokulayelwa yikhotho.
Yoke imitjhado eyamukelekako yesintu, nanyana ngotlolisiweko nofana awa, kumele ipheliswe yikhotho, (iKhotho ePhakemeko, iKhotho yomNdeni nofana iKhotho yokuTlhalana ukuya ngokomThetho 9 ka 1929). Imibandela yomThetho 24 ka 1987 wokuTlhalana isebenza emtjhadweni wesintu begodu umtjhado onjalo ungapheliswa kwaphela ngeenzathu zokungasalungiseki kokuphuka kwawo.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe lobolo yinto okusakhulunyiswana ngayo gadesi nje begodu loyo elisezandleni zakhe kumele ahlanganyele ekambisweni yokubuyiselwa kwalo emva nakube ilobolo kumele libuyiselwe emva.
UKUTJHUGULULWA KWEHLELO LOMTJHADO
Isigaba 10 sivumela abalingani abasemtjhadweni wesintu wobutsobe kobana batjhade ngokomThetho 25 ka 1961 wemiTjhado.
UmThetho, nanyana kunjalo, awuvumeli umlingani osemtjhadweni wesikhuwa kobana angene emtjhadweni wesintu nomlinganakhe lowo ( qala isigaba 10 ).
UmThetho lo uyadzujulwa begodu ufundeka ngalendlela:
UKWAMUKELWA KOMTHETHO 120 KA 1998 WEMITJHADO YESINTU
IHLOSO
Kuqalelela ukwamukelwa kwemitjhado yesintu; ukutjho iimfuneko zomtjhado wesintu ovumelekileko; ukulawula ukutloliswa kwemitjhado yesintu; ukuqalelela abalingani abasemtjhadweni wesintu ngejamo namandla alinganako; ukulawula ukuphathwa kwamafa emtjhadweni wesintu kanye namandla wabalingani emitjhadweni enjalo; ukulawula ukupheliswa kwemitjhado yesintu; ukuqalelela ukwenziwa kwemithetjhwana; ukusula imibandela ethileko yemithetho ethileko; kanye nokuqalelela ezinye iindaba eziphathelene nalokho.
Iinhlathululo
EmThethweni lo, ngaphandle kwanange ingqikithi itjho okuhlukileko ikhotho itjho iKhotho ePhakemeko yeSewula Afrika, ikhotho yomndeni eyahlonywa ngaphasi kwanofana ngimuphi umthetho nofana iKhotho yokuTlhalana ehlonywe ngokwesigaba 10 somThetho wokuTjhugululwa kokuPhathwa, 1929 (umThetho 9 ka 1929);
umthetho wesintu utjho imikhuba nokusetjenziswa okwenziwa ngokwesiko ebantwini beSewula Afrika abadabuka e-Afrika nebumba ingcenye yesiko labantwabo;
umtjhado wesintu utjho umtjhado owenziwa ukuya ngokomthetho wesintu;
ilobolo litjho ipahla eyimali nofana engasiyimali ebizwa bonyana lilobolo, , ubukhazi, bogadi, bohali, xuma, lumalo, thaka, magadi, emabheka/amabheka nofana kubizwa nganofana ngiliphi elinye ibizo ekhutjhwa mkhwenyana nofana ngusomkhwenyana linikelwe usomntazana/uyise lomntazana/bekhabo lomntazana la kuthathwa khona isintu;
qintelweko kutjho okuqintelwe ngokomthetjhwana ngaphasi kwesigaba 11;
isikhulu esitlolisako sitjho nanyana ngimuphi umuntu okhethwe kobana abe sikhulu sokutlolisa malungana neenhloso zomThetho lo nguNgqongqotjhe nofana sikhulu esije siphethe ngegunya elitloliweko lakaNgqongqotjhe;
umThetho lo utjho nemithetjhwana; bese kuthi umrholi wendabuko atjho nanyana ngimuphi umuntu ngokomthetho wesintu nofana nanyana ngimuphi umthetho ophethe isikhundla ekubuseni kwesintu.
Ukwamukelwa Kwemitjhado Yesintu
Umtjhado omtjhado owamukelekako ngokomthetho wesintu begodu nogade sele ukhona nakuthoma ukusebenza umThetho lo, uthathwa njengomtjhado ngazo zoke iinhloso.
Umtjhado wesintu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma kokusebenza komThetho lo, okutjho bona ngeemfuneko zomThetho lo, uthathwa njengomtjhado ngazo zoke iinhloso.
Nakube umuntu umlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, yoke imitjhado yesintu eyamukelekako eyenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, ithathwa njengemitjhado ngazo zoke iinhloso.
Nakube umuntu umlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, yoke imitjhado enjalo eyenziwe ngemva kokuthoma kokusebenza komThetho lo, ekhambisana nemibandela yomThetho lo, ithathwa njengemitjhado ngazo zoke iinhloso.
Iimfuneko Zobuqiniso Bemitjhado YesiNtu
Ukuze umtjhado wesintu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma kokusebenza komThetho lo ube nobuqiniso, a abazokuba balingani :-
i kumele bobabili babe ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-18; begodu ii kumele bavumelane kobana bayatjhadana ngaphasi komthetho wesintu; begodu b kukhulunyiswane ngomtjhado bekungenwe kiwo nofana ugidingwe ngokomthetho wesintu.
Ngaphandle kwanjengombana kuhlinzekwe kusigaba 10 1, akunamlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ozakuvumeleka bonyana angene emtjhadweni ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado, 1961 umThetho 25 ka 1961, ukube kanti umtjhadwakhe wesintu usesekhona.
a Nakube nofana ngimuphi wabalingani okukhulunywa ngabo akasimondarha, bobabili ababelethi bakhe, nofana nakube akanababelethi, umtlhogomelakhe wangokomthetho kumele kube nguye ogunyaza umtjhado lowo.
b Nakube imvumo yababelethi nofana abatlhogomeli bangokomthetho abatholakali, kusetjenziswa isigaba 25 somThetho wemiTjhado ka 1961.
a Nanyana isigatjana 1 a i sisitjho lokhu esikutjhoko nje, uNgqongqotjhe namkha nanyana ngisiphi esinye isiphathimandla sombuso esigunyazwe ngokutloliweko nguNgqongqotjhe, singanikela imvumo etloliweko umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka eli-18 kobana angene emtjhadweni wesintu nakube uNgqongqotjhe nofana isikhulu esitjhiweko babona bonyana umtjhado lowo ufanele ube khona begodu uqakathekile kilabo abatjhadako.
b Imvumo leyo ayibatjhaphululi abatjhadako esibophweni sokukhambisana nazo zoke ezinye iimfuneko eziqintelwe mthetho.
c Nakube umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka eli-18 ungene emtjhadweni wesintu ngaphandle kwemvumo etloliweko kaNgqongqotjhe nofana isiphathimandla esifaneleko, uNgqongqotjhe nofana isiphathimandla, angathi nakube ubona bonyana umtjhado lowo ufanelekile begodu uqakathekile kilabo abatjhadako, begodu nakube umtjhado lowo gade ukhambisana nomThetho ngeendlela zoke, amemezele ngokutloliweko bonyana umtjhado lowo kumtjhado wesintu owamukelekako.
Ngokukhambisana nesigatjana 4, isigaba 24A somThetho wemiTjhado ka 1961, sisebenza emtjhadweni wesintu womuntu ongasimondarha ongene emtjhadweni ngaphandle kwemvumo yombelethi, umtlhogomeli, ukomitjhinara wezehlalakuhle yabantwana nofana ijaji, nofana kungayiphi indlela.
Ukwalelwa komtjhado wesintu phakathi kwabantu ngebanga lobuhlobo babo begazi nofana bokuzwana kulawulwa mthetho wesintu.
Ukutloliswa Kwemitjhado Yesintu
Abalingani bomtjhado wesintu banesibopho sokuqinisekisa bonyana umtjhadwabo uyatloliswa.
Nanyana ngimuphi umlingani angenza isibawo esiphathimandleni sokutlolisa ngeforomo eliqintelweko malungana nokutloliswa komtjhadwakhe wesintu begodu kumele anikele isiphathimandla sokutlolisa ilwazi elingezelelako elingadingwa siphathimandla sokutlolisa ukuze azanelise kobana umtjhado lowo ukhona.
Umtjhado wesintu -
a okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi kokuthoma komThetho lo, nongakatloliswa ukuya nganofana ngimuphi umthetho omunye, kumele utloliswe esikhathini esiziinyanga ezili-12 ngemva kokuthoma lokho nofana esikhathini eside njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angaqunta ngeenkathi ezithileko ngesaziso kuGazethe; nofana b okungenwe kiwo ngemva kokuthoma komThetho lo, kumele utloliswe esikhathini esiziinyanga ezintathu ngemva komtjhado lowo nofana esikhathini eside njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angaqunta ngeenkathi ezithileko ngesaziso kuGazethe.
a Isiphathimandla esitlolisako kumele, nakube sanelisekile bonyana abalingani benze umtjhado wesintu owamukelekako, sitlolise umtjhado ngokurikhoda imininingwana eyazisa abalinganabo bona babobani, isuku lomtjhado, ilobolo okuvunyelwene ngalo kanye nanofana ngiyiphi eminye imininingwana equntiweko.
b Isiphathimandla esitlolisako kumele sinikele abalingani isitifikeyiti sokutloliswa, esinemininingwana equntiweko.
a Nakube nofana ngasiphi isizathu umtjhado wesintu awutloliswa, nanyana ngubani owanelisa isikhulu sokutlolisa bonyana yena nofana umlinganakhe unekareko eyaneleko endabeni le, angenza isibawo esiphathimandleni esitlolisako ngendlela equntiweko ukubuza ngokuba khona komtjhado lowo.
b Nakube isiphathimandla esitlolisako sanelisekile bonyana umtjhado wesintu owamukelekako ukhona nofana ukhe waba khona phakathi kwabalingani, kumele sitlolise umtjhado besikhuphe nesitifikeyiti sokutlolisa njengombana kuzalisiwe esigatjaneni 4.
Nakube isiphathimandla esitlolisako asikaneliseki bonyana abalingani bangene emtjhadweni wesintu owamukelekako, kumele sale ukutlolisa umtjhado.
Ikhotho ingathi ngesibawo esenziwe ekhotho leyo begodu nangokuphenyisisa okusikinyiswe yikhotho, ilayele bonyana-
a kutloliswe umtjhado wesintu; nofana b kusulwe nofana kulungiswe nofana ngikuphi ukutloliswa komtjhado wesintu okwenziwe sikhulu esitlolisako.
Isitifikeyiti somtjhado wesintu esikhutjhwe ngaphasi kwesigabesi namkha ngaphasi kwananyana ngimuphi omunye umthetho obonelela ngokutloliswa kwemitjhado yesintu ubufakazi bokuthoma obubonakala bungaba liqiniso obufakazela ubukhona bomtjhado wesintu kanye nemininingwana esesitifikeyitineso.
Ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado wesintu akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado lowo.
Ukuquntwa/Ukubekwa Kweminyaka Yongasimondarha
Isiphathimandla esitlolisako singathi malungana nomuntu okuthiwa akasimondarha, samukele isitifikeyiti samabeletho, ipasa, isitatimende esifungelweko sombelethi nofana isihlobo songasimondarha, nofana ubufakazi obunjalo isiphathimandla esitlolisako esingabubona bufanelekile ukuba bufakazi beminyaka yomuntu loyo.
Nakube akunaqiniso ngeminyaka yomuntu okuthiwa akasimondarha nofana kunepikiswano ngayo, begodu iminyaka yomuntu loyo ikhambisana neenhloso zomThetho lo, isiphathimandla esitlolisako singaletha indaba leyo ngendlela equntiweko ekhotho kamarhistrada ehlonywe ngokomThetho ka 1944 weKhotho kaMarhistrada umThetho 32 ka 1944, okumele siqunte iminyaka yomuntu besikhuphe isitifikeyiti esimalungana nalokho, esibufakazi beminyaka yobudala yomuntu loyo.
Ijamo Elilinganako Namandla Wabalingani
Umfazi emtjhadweni wesintu, ngebanga lokulingana nomyenakhe nangokukhambisana nehlelo lepahla yomtjhado elilawula umtjhado, unejamo elizeleko namandla, sekubalwa namandla wokuzuza ipahla kunye nawokuyisusa, ukungena eemvumelwaneni kanye nokuphikisa ngokomthetho namandla angahle abe nawo emtjhadweni wesintu.
Ukuqakatheka Kokuphathwa Kwepahla Yemitjhado Yesintu Kanye Namandla Wabalingani Wokwenza Iimvumelwano
Ukuphathwa kwepahla yemitjhado yesintu okwenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma kokusebenza komThetho lo kuragela phambili ngokulawulwa mthetho wesintu.
Umtjhado wesintu okungenwe kiwo ngemva kokuthoma kokusebenza komThetho lo, lapha umlingani angasiyingcenye khona yanofana ngimuphi omunye umtjhado wesintu, umtjhado wokuhlanganyela ipahla newokuzuza nokuloba phakathi kwabalingani, ngaphandle kwanange ukuphathwa okunjalo abalingani bangazange bakufake esivumelwaneni sabo sangaphambi komtjhado esilawula ihlelo lokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado wabo.
Isahluko III neengaba 18, 19, 20 no 24 zesaHluko IV somThetho wePahla yomTjhado ka 1984 umThetho 88 ka 1984, sisebenza malungana nanofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesintu lapha kuhlanganyelwa khona ipahla njengombana kutjhiwo esigatjaneni 2.
a Abalingani emtjhadweni wesintu obe khona ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo bangenza ndawonye isibawo ekhotho semvumo yokutjhugulula ihlelo lokulawulwa kwepahla elisebenza emtjhadwenabo nofana emitjhadwenabo begodu ikhotho nakube iyaneliseka bonyana-
i kuneenzathu ezizwakalako zetjhuguluko elihlongozwako;
ii kunikelwe isaziso esitloliweko esaneleko setjhuguluko elihlongozwako kibo boke abakolodwa balingani imali engaphezu kwama-R500 nofana inani elingabekwa nguNgqongqotjhe wezobuLungiswa ngesaziso kuGazethe; begodu iii akunamuntu omunye ozakukhubazeka ngetjhugulukwelo, ingalayela bonyana ihlelo lokulawula ipahla elisetjenziswa emtjhadweni lowo nofana emitjhadweni leyo angeze lisasetjenziswa begodu igunyaze abalingani bomtjhado nofana bemitjhado leyo kobana benze isivumelwano esitloliweko lapha ihlelo elizako lokulawula ipahla yomtjhado nofana imitjhadwabo lizakulawulwa khona ngemibandela equntwe yikhotho.
b Nakuyindoda emlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, boke abantu abanekareko eyaneleko endabeni le, khulukhulu umlingani nofana abalingani baloyo owenza isibawo, kumele bahlanganyele ekambisweni yomtjhado loyo.
Isigaba 21 somThetho ka1984 wePahla yomTjhado umThetho 88 ka 1984 sisetjenziswa emtjhadweni wesintu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo lapha indoda inganabalingani abangaphezu koyedwa.
Indoda esemtjhadweni wesintu efuna ukungena komunye umtjhado wesintu nomunye umfazi ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, kumele yenze isibawo ekhotho ukuvuma isivumelwano esitloliweko esizokulawula ihlelo langomuso lokulawula ipahla yomtjhadwayo.
Lokha nayamukela isibawo ngokwesigatjana 6-
a ikhotho kumele-
i nakube mtjhado ohlanganyele ipahla nofana okhambisana nehlelo lokubuthelela-
aa iphelise ihlelo lokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado elisebenza emtjhadweni wayo; begodu bb yenze ukwahlukaniswa kwepahla yomtjhadwayo;
ii iqinisekise ukwabiwa kwepahla okulinganako, begodu iii iyelele boke ubujamo bemindeni engahle ithinteke nakube isibaweso siyaphumeleliswa;
b ikhotho inga-
i vumela amatjhuguluko amanye emibandeleni yesivumelwano;
ii nikela umlayo ngokukhambisana nanofana ngimuphi umbandela engawubona ufanelekile; nofana iii yale isibawo nakube emkhumbulwenayo ikareko yanofana ngisiphi seenqhema ezibandakanyekako ayizokuqinisekiswa ngokwaneleko ngesivumelwano esihlongoziweko.
Boke abantu abanekareko eyaneleko endabeni le, khulukhulu umlingani osele akhona nofana abalingani naloyo ekulungiselelwa bona abe mlingani omutjha, kufuze bona bahlanganyele ekambisweni esungulwe ngokwesigatjana 6.
Nakube ikhotho ikhupha isibawo esicatjangwa kusigatjana 4 no 6, umtlolisi nofana umabhalana wekhotho, kumele anikele omunye nomunye umlingani umlayo wekhotho kanye nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwano esinjalo bese wenza bonyana umlayo onjalo kanye nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwaneso kuthunyelwa kumtlolisi wamafa ngamunye wendawo lapha kunekhotho leyo.
Ukupheliswa Kwemitjhado Yesintu
Umtjhado wesintu ungapheliswa kwaphela yikhotho ngemvumo yokutlhalana phezu kweenzathu zokuphuka komtjhado okungeke kusalungiseka.
Ikhotho ingakhupha imvumo yokutlhalana ngeenzathu zokuphuka komtjhado okungeke kusalungiseka nakube yanelisekile bonyana ubudlelwano bomtjhado phakathi kwabalingani abatjhadileko bufikelele ebujamweni obungasalungisekiko kangangobana akunathemba lokobana kungabe kusaba nobudlelwano obujayelekileko emtjhadweni phakathi kwabo.
UmThetho ka 1987 wokuLamula keZinye Iindaba zokuTlhalana, umThetho 24 ka 1987 nesigaba 6 somThetho ka 1979 wokuTlhalana, umThetho 70 ka 1979, kusebenza ekuphelisweni komtjhado wesintu.
Ikhotho enikela imvumo yokupheliswa komtjhado wesintu-
a inamandla atjhiwo esigabeni 7, 8, 9 no 10 zomThetho ka 1979 wokuTlhalana, nesigaba 24 1 somThetho ka 1984 wePahla yomTjhado, umThetho 88 ka 1984;
b kumele, nakube yindoda emlingani emtjhadweni wesintu ongaphezu kowodwa, itjheje woke amaphuzu, ekubalwa hlangana nawo nofana ngiyiphi ikontraga, isivumelwano nofana umlayo owenziwe ngokwesigaba 7 4, 5, 6 nofana 7 begodu kumele ikhuphe umlayo nanyana ngiwuphi ewubona ulungile, c ingalayela nanyana ngubani ngokubona kwekhotho onekareko eyaneleko endabeni leyo kobana abe khona ekambisweni;
d ingenza umlayo malungana nokulawula nofana ukutlhogonyelwa kwanofana ngimuphi umntwana ongasimondarha womtjhado lowo; begodu e ingathi lokha nayenza umlayo malungana nokukhutjhwa kwesondlo, iyelele nanyana ngimuphi umbandela nofana ukuhlela okwenziwe ngokuya ngomthetho wesintu.
Akunanto esigabenesi okumele ithathwe bona ikhawula indima, okwamukelwa emthethweni wesintu, kwanofana ngimuphi umuntu kufaka nomrholi wendabuko, ekulamuleni, ukuya ngomthetho wesintu, kwanofana ngikuphi ukuphikisana nofana indaba evele ngaphambi kobana ikhotho iphelise umtjhado wesintu.
Iminyaka Yobumondarha
Ngaphandle kwemiyalo yomthetho wesintu, iminyaka yobumondarha yanofana ngimuphi umuntu iquntwa ngokukhambisana nomThetho ka 1972 wemiNyaka yobuMondarha, (umThetho 57 ka 1972).
Ukutjhugululwa Kwehlelo Lomtjhado
Indoda nomfazi abasemtjhadweni wesintu banelungelo lokwenza isivumelwano somtjhado ngaphasi komThetho ka 1961 wemiTjhado, umThetho 25 ka 1961, nakube phakathi kwabo akekho omlingani emtjhadweni wesintu okhona nomunye umuntu.
Lokha umtjhado nawenziwako njengombana kutjhiwo kusigatjana 1, umtjhado lowo ungohlanganyela ipahla begodu lapha kuhlanganyelwa khona okuzuziweko nokulobiweko, ngaphandle kwanange imiphumela leyo ingakakafakwa esivumelwaneni sangaphambi komtjhado esilawula ihlelo lokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado emtjhadwenabo.
Isahluko III neengaba 18, 19, 20 no 24 zesaHluko IV somThetho ka 1984 wePahla yomTjhado, umThetho 88 ka 1984, zisebenza malungana nanofana ngimuphi umtjhado ongohlanganyela ipahla njengombana kutjhiwo kusigatjana 2.
Ngaphandle kwesigatjana 1, akunamlingani osemtjhadweni owenziwe ngaphasi komThetho ka 1961 wemiTjhado, ozakuthi asesemtjhadweni njalo, abe nelungelo lokungena komunye umtjhado.
Imithetjhwana
a ephathelene-
i neemfuneko okumele zilandelwe kanye nelwazi okumele lilethwe kusiphathimandla sokutlolisa malungana nokutloliswa komtjhado wesintu;
ii nendlela okumele isiphathimandla sokutlolisa sizanelise ngayo ngobuqiniso nobukhona bomtjhado wesintu;
iii nendlela nanyana ngubani, sekubalwa nomrholi wendabuko angahlanganyela ngayo ekuqinisekiseni kobukhona nofana kobuqiniso banofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesintu;
iv nejamo nokumumethwe ziintifikeyiti, izaziso, iintatimende ezifungelweko kanye neememezelo ezifunekako malungana neenhloso zomThetho lo;
v nokubulungwa, ukuqinisekisa, ukwenziwa, ukulungiswa kanye nokulahlwa kwanofana ngimuphi umtlolo omayelana nokutloliswa kwemitjhado yesintu nofana nanyana ngimuphi omunye umtlolo oqintelwe ngokwemithetjhwana;
vi nanyana ngiyiphi enye indaba efunekako nofana evunyelweko bonyana iquntelwe ngokomThetho lo; begodu vii nanyana ngiyiphi enye indaba efunekako nofana eqakathekileko ekuboneleleni ukutloliswa okunepumelelo kwemitjhado yesintu nofana ukuphathwa okunepumelelo komThetho lo; begodu b nokuquntela iimali ezibhadalelwa ukutloliswa komtjhado wesintu kanye nokukhutjhwa kwanofana ngisiphi isitifikeyiti esiphathelene nalokho.
Nanya ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1, kumele ngaphambi kobana ugadangiswe kuGazethe, ulethwe ePalamende.
Nanyana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 ongahle ube nomphumela oziindleko zomBuso nofana imithetjhwana eyenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 b, kumele kwenziwe ngokuthintana noNgqongqotjhe weeMali.
Nanyana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 ungahlinzeka bonyana omunye nomunye umuntu owephula umbandela wawo nofana obhalelwa kukhambisana nawo uzakuba necala bese kuthi nakagwetjwako aqalane nehlawulo nofana ukubotjhwa isikhathi esingeqi umnyaka owodwa.
Ukutjhugululwa Kwemithetho
Isigaba 17 somThetho ka 1937 wokuTloliswa kwePahla, umThetho 47 ka 1937, ngalokhu siyatjhugululwa ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima b yesigatjana 2 yendima elandelako:
b lapha umtjhado otjhiwoko ulawulwa khona mthetho osebenza eRiphabhuliki nofana enye nenye ingcenye yawo, etjhoko bona umtjhado bewenziwe waba ngohlanganyela nofana ongahlanganyeli ipahla nofana ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado lilawulwa mthetho wesintu ka 1998 ngokomThetho wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu;
Isigaba 45b ngesomThetho ka 1937 wokuTloliswa kwePahla, ngalokhu siyatjhugululwa-
a ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima b yesigatjana 1sendima elandelako:
b sibumba nofana sibumbe ipahla elifeni elihlanganyelweko, begodu ikhotho yenze umlayo, nofana beyanikela igunya, ngaphasi kwesigaba 20 nofana 21 1 somThetho ka 1984 wePahla yomTjhado, umThetho 88 ka 1984, nofana ngaphasi kwesigaba 7 somThetho ka 1998 wokwAmukelwa komTjhado wesiNtu, lapha ipahla, ukuqatjha nofana ibhondi inikelwa khona omunye wabalingani ; begodu b ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima b yesigatjana 1A yesigaba esilandelako:
b sibumba nofana sibumbe ipahla yelifa elihlanganyelweko begodu ikhotho ikhuphe umlayo beyagunyaza ngaphasi kwesigaba 20 nofana 21 1 somThetho 88 ka 1984 wePahla yomTjhado , nofana ngaphasi kwesigaba 7 somThetho ka 1998, wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu, lapha ipahla, ukuqatjha nofana ibhondi inikelwa khona bobabili abalingani njengesabelo esingakahlukaniswa..
Ukwesulwa Kwemithetho
Isihloko Esifitjhani Nokuthoma Ukusebenza
ITjheduli
UKWESULWA KWEMITHETHO
Isigaba 12
INomboro Nomnyaka WomThetho Isihloko Esifitjhani Ubungako Bokwesulwa
UmThetho 38 ka 1927 UmThetho ka 1927 wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, Iingaba 11 (b),
Isimemezelo R151
B. UKWABIWA KWAMAFA WABANTU ABANZIMA
ISINGENISO
ISewula Afrika esikhathini esidlulileko beyamukela okungenani amahlelo amabili ahlukileko wamafa: umthetho ovamileko (kanye nemithetho eyitjhugululako) nemithetho yesintu. Imiyalo eminengi yesintu ebeyisetjenziswa phambilini beyingatjhayisani kwaphela nomgomo wokuphatha ngokulinganako, kodwana bebe ingakhambisani nomThethosisekelo.
Ikulumo emalungana nokurarana hlangana nesiko nokulingana (qala isigaba 9 no 30 somThethosisekelo) yatjhuba, khulukhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlulileko.
UBUJAMO NGAPHAMBI KWANGOMHLAKA 5 DISEMBA 2002
Isigaba 23 somThetho 38 ka 1927 wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, sibonelele ngokobana nakube umuntu onzima uhlongakele atjhiye ilifa lingakabiwa, ilifelo kumele liphathwe mPhathi weKhotho eKulu isigaba 239.
Nanyana kunjalo, nakube umuntu onzima uhlongakele wangatjhiya incwadi yamafa esemthethweni, ilifa elitjhiyiweko lizakuphathwa nguMarhistrada ophethe lapha kuhlala khona umuntu onzima loyo isigaba 237. Umthetjhwana R200 wangomhlaka 6 Febherbari 1987, ohlonywe ngaphasi kwesigaba 2310 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, gade usetjenziselwa ukusiza ekuphathweni kwamafa wabantu abanzima anganancwadi yelifa.
Umphumela wesiqunto sakaMoseneke kwaba kukuthi ilifa lomuntu onzima obhubhe angakalenzeli incwadi yamafa lingabikwa esiKhulwini kobana liphathwe ngokomthetho ovamileko nofana e-Ofisini kaMarhistrada kobana liphathwe ngumarhistrada ngokomthetho wesintu. Lokhu gade kulilungelo lomuntu obika ilifa. Nakube ilifa liphethwe ngumarhistrada, ikambiso engakahleleki ye R200 ka 1987 njengombana itjhiwo ngehla beyilandelwa. Nakube ilifa libikwe esiKhulwini, umthetho ovamileko bewusetjenziswa ekuphatheni iLifa.
Isenzo esingaphezulu besivunyelwe kwaphela isikhathi esiminyaka emibili ukusuka mhlana kuthathwa isiqunto ekuthomeni ecaleni lakaMoseneke. UmNyango wezobuLungiswa wafanela bonyana usungule umthetho olawula ukuphathwa kwawo woke amafa eRiphabhuliki yeSewula Afrika. Kodwana azange kube khona umthetho olawulako. Umthetho owawukhona we bandlululo wase watjhugululwa nje.
UBUJAMO UKUSUKA NGOMHLAKA 6 DISEMBA 2002 UKUYA KU 15 OKTOBA 2004
Ukwabiwa KwamaFa
Njengombana kwenziwa ukuya ngokwesiqunto kuMoseneke, Imihlinzeko yesigaba 23 yomThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, beyivunyelwe kwaphela bona ilandelwe iminyaka emibili. Isikhathi seminyaka emibili siphele ngomhlaka 5 Disemba 2002. Ukusuka ngomhlaka 6 Disemba, isiKhulu seKhotho eKulu sagunyazwa kobana sisebenze ngawo woke amafa alawulwa mthetho ovamileko. Nakube umuntu uhlongakele begodu inani lelifa lakhe lingaphasi kwe-R125 000,00, ilifa elinjalo bekusetjenzwa ngalo eeNdawni zokuSiza ema-Ofisini kaMarhistrada malungana begodu ngaphasi kokulayelwa siKhulu (iintatimendezi azikakhethelwa amafa wabanzima kwaphela).
Woke amafa angaphezu kwe-R125 000,00 atjhiywe nencwadi yelifa nawo kwakusamele abikwe eenKhulwini zeKhotho eKulu malungana nokuphathwa.
Ukwabiwa Kwamafa
Isibopho SesiKhulu
Ukusuka ngomhlaka 6 Disemba 2002 ukufika ngomhlaka 15 Oktoba 2004 isibopho sokulusa ukuphathwa kwamafa alandelako sasuswa ezandleni zakaMarhistrada begodu bekasetjenzwa kwaphela siKhulu ngokomthetho ovamileko, okutjho umThetho 66 ka 1965 wokuPhathwa kwamaFa, okutjho:-
Ilifa lomuntu onzima, othe nakasaphilako, wenza isibawo sokurhoqisa ekusebenziseni umyalo womThetho wamaZulu.
Ilifa lomuntu onzima ongasimhlali weSewula Afrika (iphandle).
Ilifa lomuntu onzima, obagade amlingani emtjhadweni wesikhuwa ngelanga lakhe lokuhlongakala.
Umufi, obegade ngelanga lakhe lokuhlongakala amhlolokazi, indoda ebhujelwe mkayo nofana otlhalileko emtjhadweni wesikhuwa begodu angakatjhiyi umlingani emtjhadweni wesintu owenziwe ngemva kokupheliswa komtjhado.
Lokha uNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nakanqophisa bonyana ilifa kumele liphathwe ngokomthetho ovamileko.
Ngaphambi kobana isiKhulu singaphatha ilifa elitjhiwo ngehla, ubufakazi obutloliweko kwakumele bulethwe buzokufakazela bonyana ilifelo ngelinye lalawo atjhiwoko.
Lapha umuntu onzima ahlongakele khona angakabi ilifa lakhe uMarhistrada ophethe lapha kugcine kuhlala khona umufi usesenegunya lokuphatha ilifa la:
nofana ngimuphi umuntu ogade amlingani emtjhadweni wesintu nofana ngimuphi umuntu ongakatjhadi
Amafa angehla begade asabiwa ngaphasi komthetho wesintu njengombana kuhlinzekwa ngaphasi komThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima begodu nemithetjhwana ehlonywe ngaphasi kwawo.
Icala elitjhiwokweli likusetjenziswa kwesiqinisekiso somlayo okhutjhwe yiKhotho eKulu ye-Cape Town wokungasebenzi ngomthethosisekelo. IKhotho yafunyana bona isigaba 23 (a), (c) no (e) somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima kanye nomthetjhwana 2(e) wemiThetjhwana emalungana nokuPhathwa nokwAbiwa kweliFa lomuFi oNzima asikho emthethweni begodu asisebenzi. Isigaba 1 (b) somThetho wokwAbiwa kwePahla naso samemezelwa bona asikho kumthethosisekelo njengombana sikhupha ekusetjenzisweni kwesigaba 1 somThetho lowo nanyana ngiliphi ilifa nofana ingcenye yalo malungana nesigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima.
ULanga DCJ, nakatlolela inengi lamajaji weKhotho, uthi, nakuthathwa ngokomlando nokusebenza kwaso, isigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima kumthetho wakade ogade uqinisa umthetho wesintu osebenzako bewabanga ukwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo wabaNtu abaNzima. Isigabesi sibangele ihlelo elikabili lokwabiwa kwamafa wabaNtu abaNzima, ngaphandle kokutjheja iintjisakalo zabo nobujamo babo. Isigaba 23 nemithetjhwanaso sisebenza ngokubandlulula begodu sephula amalungelo wokulingana kusigaba 9 kanye nesithunzi kusigaba 10 somThethosisekelo wethu, ngalokho kumele sisuswe. Umphumela womlayo lo kukobana akusimithetho esisekelo kwaphela elawula ilifa elihlinzekwe kusigaba esingakhambisani nomThethosisekelo, kodwana godu nekambiso lapha amafa wabantu abanzima aphathwa ngokuhlukileko kunamafa wamakhuwa nayo ayikhambisani nomThethosisekelo.
ULanga DCJ godu utjheja umthetho wesintu wesi-Afrika wokubusa kwabantu abaduna, ngendlela osetjenziswe ngayo malungana nokuzuzwa kwepahla. Uthi ubandlulula abafazi nabantwana bangaphandle komtjhado ngokungakafaneli. Ngalokho uwuthatha bona awukhambisani nomThethosisekelo begodu awusebenzi.
Uthi njengombana kuyinto efunekako bonyana amakhotho asungule imithetho emitjha yemithetho yesintu yama-Afrika ukuveza ukuphila komthetho wesintu nokwenza umthetho wesintu ukhambisane nomthethosisekelo, akunantatha endabeni le, ngombana umthetho wokubusa kwababntu abaduna usisekelo somthetho wesintu begodu awujamiseleleki ngendlela yokuqala isehlakalo ngasinye ngasinye. Nanyana kunjalo, uthi umlayo wesikhatjhana wokulawula ukwabiwa kwamafa wabanzima uqakathekile kufikela lapha isibethamthetho sizakghona khona ukunikela intatha yanini nanini. Ngaleyondlela, iKhotho ilaya bonyana ilifa ebekuzakuthi phambilini labiwe ukuya ngemithetho yomThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima kanye nomthetho wesintu wokulawula kwabafazi, gadesi kumele abiwe ukuya ngokwemithetho ehlinzekwe emThethweni wokwAbiwa kwamaFa. Isibonelelo esikhethekileko malungana nalokhu senziwe emlayweni omalungana nokuthathana isithembu .
Umlayo weKhotho le malungana nemithetho ekuzuzeni ilifa wenziwe ngokuqaliswa emuva ngomhlaka 27 Apreli 1994, kodwana awuzukusebenza eendluliselwaneni ezizalisiweko zobunikazi, ngaphandle kwalapha indlalifa ibe nesaziso sokuphikisa ukusebenza kwangokomthetho kwemihlinzeko yomthetho kanye nomthetho wesintu wokulawula kwabantu abaduna.
Malungana nokuphathwa kwamafa, iKhotho iyala bonyana ngokuzako amafa wamakamufi phambilini abegade azokuphathwa bomarhistrada ngokomThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, gadesi kumele aphathwe siKhulu seKhotho eKulu ngokomThetho 66 ka 1965 wokuPhathwa kwamaFa. Nanyana kunjalo, umyalo wekhotho malungana nokuphathwa kwamafa awuthomi ukusebenza emuva, yeke amafa aphethwe bomarhistrada ngokwesigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima uzakuragela phambili ngokuphathwa bomarhistradaba. Ukusuka ngelanga lesigwebeli, amafa amatjha azokuphathwa siKhulu seKhotho ePhakemeko ngokomThetho wokuPhathwa kwamaFa.
Ngokurhunyeziweko, kugcinwa ngokuthi:
Isigaba 23 somThetho 38 ka 1927 wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima usulwa ukusuka ngomhlaka 27 Apreli 1994.
Abomarhistrada angeke basaba negunya lokuphatha amafa atjhiywe ngaphandle kwencwadi yelifa.
Woke amafa, kungasaqalwa ubutjhaba, umbala nofana ikolelo azokuphathwa siKhulu seKhotho ePhakemeko ngokomThetho 66 ka 1965 wokuPhathwa kwamaFa.
Umyalo wekhotho malungana nokuphathwa kwamafa awenziwa ngokubalelwa emuva, yeke amafa gadesi nje aphethwe bomarhistrada ngokwesigaba 23 somThetho wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, uzakuragela phambili ngokuphathwa bomarhistradabo. Nanyana kunjalo, umthetho wesintu wokwabiwa kwamafa awuzukulandelwa begodu umarhistrada kuzakufanela bonyana asebenzise imibandela yomThetho 81 ka 1987 wokwAbiwa kwamaFa.
Nanyana imihlinzeko yesigaba 23 yesulwe ngokubalelwa emuva, angeze yasetjenziswa eendluliselwaneni zobunikazi ezizalisiweko ngaphandle kwalokha umdlalifa anesaziso sokuphikisa ukusebenza ngokomthetho kwemihlinzeko yomthetho kanye nomthetho wesintu wokulawula kwamadoda. Ukobana ipikiso leyo lizokuphumeleliswa bunjani, kumsebenzi wamakhotho ukuqunta begodu sekuzakubonakala khona.
Emitjhadweni yesithembu, omunye nomunye umlingani uzokuba nelungelo lokufumana ama-R125 000 nofana isabelo somntwana.
UMPHUMELA WECALA LIKA BHE EKUSEBENZENI KWE-OFISI LOBUNIKAZI
Ngokufitjhani, icala lika-Bhe lizakuba nemiphumela elandelako ekudluliselweni kwamafa:
Woke amafa aphethwe begodu asetjenzwa ngaphambi kwangomhlaka 15 Oktoba 2004, angaqaliswa emthetjhwaneni 4 -ukugunyaza kwakaMarhistrada, ngaphandle kwanange ukusebenza ngokomthetho kuphikiswa. Kwaphela nakube imitjhado enjalo yaphathwa nguMarhistrata ngokwesiMemezelo R200 saka 1987.
Woke amafa lapha umufi ahlongakala khona ngemva kwangomhlaka 15 Oktoba 2004, nofana nakube ilifa belisekambisweni yokuphathwa, kodwana kungakafikeleli isukwelo, kumele liphathwe ngokomThetho 81 ka 1987 wokwAbiwa kwamaFa. I-causa yokudluliselwa kwelifa kumele iqalise esigabeni esifaneleko 1 (a) ukuya ku 1 (e) somThetho otjhwiweko.
Ukuthi abatlolisi bamafa bazokuthola njani bonyana ilifa besele libuthiwe nofana belisendleleni yokubuthwa, kumbuzo onganapendulo. Nanyana kunjalo kuyavunywa bonyana abaTlolisi bamele bayame ekuthembekeni kwakamarhistrada malungana nalokhu begodu balandele umthetjhwana 4 -wokugunyaza.
UMTHETHO OMUTJHA OLINDELWEKO
IKhomitjhini yomThetho yeSewula Afrika njenganje iphenya beyitlame umthetho omutjha ozokuphatha woke amafa ngaphandle kokubandlulula ngokobutjhaba, ubulili nofana isiko.
Tjheja bonyana umthetho ohlongozwako loyo usiphakamiso nje kwaphela, awukabukuvunywa yiPalamende.
Umthetho ohlongozwako ufundeka bunjesi:
UMTHETHOMLINGWA OTLANYIWEKO MALUNGANA NOKUTJHUGULULWA KOMTHETHO WESINTU WAMAFA
Iinhlathululo
KilomThetho, ngaphandle kwanange okumumethweko kutjho ngokuhlukileko, umthetho wesintu utjho imithetho nemikhuba eyenziwa ngokwesiko babantu abama-Afrika eSewula Afrika okubumba ingcenye yesiko labantwaba, kungakhethi bonyana imithetho leyo ihleliwe nofana njani;
ipahla yomuntu itjho iinhlangulo zakamufi okuzizambatho, izinto azizebenzisela yena nofana kokuziphotjhonga, ifenitjhara nenye ipahla yomkhaya, iintlabagelo ezilula zokulima nezokuzuma, iincwadi, iimodera nofana iinthuthi; igameli alifaki imali nofana isibambiso semali nofana ipahla ebeyisetjenziswa ngumufi kezamabhizinisi;
umrholi wendabuko itjho nanyana ngimuphi umuntu, ngokomthetho wesintu nofana omunye nomunye umthetho, onesikhundla sokubusa .
Ukwabiwa Kwelifa
Ngokungaphikisani nanofana ngimuphi umthetho, ilifa lomuntu kumele nakahlongakalako labiwe ukuya ngencwadi yamafa yomuntu lowo, nofana ngencwadi esemthethweni yamafa, kungaba ngokupheleleko nofana ingcenye, ukuya ngokomthetho wokwabiwa kwamafa oqintelwe mThetho ka 1987 wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, (umThetho 81 ka 1987).
UmThetho ka 1987 wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, umThetho 81 ka 1987, usebenza namatjhuguluko afunwa bunjalo bepahla yamafa womuntu okwathi ngaphambi kobana umThetho lo uthome ukusebenza, afakwa emtjhadweni wesintu osemthethweni ogade usesekhona lokha umuntu loyo nakahlongakalako.
a Ngaphandle kokujamelana nanofana ngimuphi umthetho, begodu nangokuya ngendima b engenzasi, umlingani uzuza ikumba kamufi kanye nepahlakhe.
b Nakube umufi gade aneenkumba ezingaphezu kweyodwa, umlingani oseleko angazuza yinye nje kwaphela yazo, kwaphela nakube umlingani loyo unegunya lokukhetha bona ufuna yiphi indlu.
UmThetho lo usebenza eendabeni eziphathelene nokwabiwa e-ofisini lomrholi wendabuko.
Ukutjhugululwa KomThetho WokwAbiwa KwamaFa (UmThetho 81 ka 1987)
Isigaba 1 somThetho wokwAbiwa kwamaFa (umThetho 81 ka 1987) ngalokhu uyatjhugululwa-
a ngokujanyiselelwa ngendima a yesigatjana 1sendima elandelako:
a utjhiye a umlingani oyedwa, kodwana akunasizukulwana, umlingani onjalo uzuza ilifa elitjhiywe linganancwadi yelifa.
ii abalingani abangaphezu koyedwa, kodwana azange abe nesizukulwana, abalingani abanjalo bazalizuza ngokulinganako ilifa elitjhiywe ngaphandle kwencwadi yelifa;
b ngokujamiselela indima c yesigatjana 1 ngamagama alandela indinyana i yamagama alandelako:
utjhiye [umlingani kanye nesizukulwana]
c ngokujamiselela indinyana i yendima c yesigatjana 1 yendinyana elandelako:
isizukulwana kanye aa nomlingani oyedwa, umlingani onjalo uzakuzuza isabelo somntwana selifa elitjhiywe ngaphandle kwencwadi yelifa nofana ubunengi belifa elitjhiyiweko obungadluli ngokwenani imali equntwe nguNgqongqotjhe ngeGazethe nofana ngikuphi okukhulu kunokhunye, nofana, bb abalingani abangaphezu koyedwa, abalingani abanjalo bazakuzuza isabelo sabantwana elifeni elitjhiywe ngaphandle kwencwadi yelifa nofana ubunengi belifa elitjhiyiwekwelo ngokulinganako kungadluli inani eliquntwe ngokwendinyana aa, nofana ngikuphi okukhulu kunokhunye begodu cc ngokujamiselela indima b yesigatjana 4 sendima elandelako:
b ilifa elitjhiywe ngaphandle kwencwadi yelifa kufaka nanyana ngiyiphi ingcenye yanofana ngiliphi ilifa elingabiwako ngencwadi yamafa [nofana lapha isigaba 23 somThetho ka 1927 wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima umThetho No 38 ka 1927, ungasebenzi khona]; begodu dd ngokujamiselela isigatjana 6 seengatjana ezilandelako:
nakube isizukulwana sakamufi, kungafakwa isizukulwana esingasimondarha nofana esigula ngokwengqondo, okuthi sona, kanye nomlingani oseleko kamufi, babe nelungelo lokuzuza elifeni elitjhiywe ngaphandle kwencwadi yelifa nakalahla ilungelo lakhe lokwamukela inzuzo enjalo, inzuzo leyo izakuba ngeyomlingani oseleko ombelethi wesizukulwaneso.
Itjhuguluko LomThetho WokOndliwa KwabaLingani AbaSeleko (27 ka 1990)
Isigaba 1 somThetho ka 1990 wokOndliwa kwabaLingani abaSeleko, (umThetho 27 ka 1990), utjhugululwa ngokwengeza ngamagama alandelako ehlathululweni oseleko kanye nanofana ngimuphi umntwana nofana omunye umuntu ohlobene nomufi okade eqinisweni ondliwa ngumufi ngaphambi kokuhlongakala kwakamufi .
Ukwesulwa Kwemithetho
(a) ImiYalo yomThetho waKwaZulu KwaZulu-Natal, umThetho 16 ka 1985 kanye nesiMemezelo R151 saka 1987, ziyasulwa ngombana azikhambisani nomThetho lo kanye nomThetho ka 1987 wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, (umThetho 81 ka 1987).
b Isigaba 23 somThetho ka 1927 wokuPhathwa kwabaNzima, umThetho 38 ka 1927, uyasulwa.
c Nanyana ngimiphi imithetho yesintu ekatelela umdlalifa kobana ondle abantwana bakamufi abe abhadale neenkwelede zakamufi uyasulwa.
Isihloko Esifitjhani Nokuthoma Ukusebenza
UmThetho lo ubizwa bona mThetho ka 2000 wokuTjhugululwa komThetho wesiNtu wokwAbiwa kwamaFa, begodu uzokuthoma ukusebenza ngesuku eliquntwe nguMongameli ngesimemezelo kuGazethe.
ISINGENISO
Ukusukela endulo, umthetho ovamileko azange wamukele imitjhado eyenziwe ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu. Abalingani bemitjhado enjalo gade bathathwa, emehlweni womthetho, njengabangakatjhadi (qala ku- Ismail v Ismail 1983 SA 1006 AD).
Ngokunikelwa umThethosisekelo weRiphabhuliki yeSewula Afrika, owamukela amasiko woke wamaSewula Afrika nokusetjenziswa kwawo, isibethamthetho kumele sihlinzeke ngomthetho omalungana nokwamukelwa kwemitjhado esemthethweni yama-Muslim, nokuhlinzeka ngemiphumela yemitjhado enjalo.
Kudluliswe umThethomlingwa malungana nokwamukelwa kwemitjhado yesi-Islamu.
Kilomtlolo akukaqalwa bonyana kucocwe ngomThethomlingwa ngokuphelela kwawo, kodwana kuzokuqalwa lezongaba zomThethomlingwa ezifaneleko eziqalene nogcwetha kanye nebizelo lezomthetho.
IINHLATHULULO
Ziinhlathululo ezikhambisana nomtlolo lo kwaphela ezizokuqalwa.
Ikhotho
IKhotho yomNdeni
IKhotho yezokuTlhalana ehlonywe ngaphasi kwesigaba 10 somThetho 9 ka 1929.
Ihlathululo le iqakathekile eendabeni zokutlhalana, ukutjhugululwa kokulawulwa kwepahla yemtjhadweni kanye nomyalo wekhotho omalungana nemitjhado yesithembu.
Umtjhado WesiKhuwa Okhona Njenganje
Lo mtjhado wamaMuslim godu otloliswe bewenziwa bewatloliswa ngokomThetho wemiTjhado ka 1961, ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho. Ngamanye amazwi, umtjhado owenziwe ngokomThetho wesi-Islamu kanye nomThetho oVamileko.
IsiKhulu EsiTjhadisako
Nanyana ngubani umuntu okhethwe nguNgqongqotjhe kobanyana enze lomsebenzi.
Imitjhado Eyenziwa Ngemva Kokuthoma Ukusebenza KomThetho
Abalingani abangena emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho, kumele bakhethe ukubophelelwa mibandela yomThetho qala isigaba 21.
Ngokwesigaba 6 (b) somThetho, lapha abalingani bakhethe ukubopheleleka kumibandela yomThetho, umtjhado wesiMuslimu onjalo kumele utloliswe ekuphethweni komtjhado, nofana esikhathini eside njengombana kuhlinzekiwe.
Nanyana kunjalo, ukubhalelwa kutlolisa akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado lowo (qala isigaba 6 ngenzasi).
Imitjhado Eyenziwa Ngaphambi Kokuthoma Ukusebenza KomThetho
Yoke imitjhado eyenziwa ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho, izakulawulwa mibandela yomThetho ngaphandle kwanange abalingani esikhathini esiziinyanga ezilitjhumi nambili nofana esikhathini eside esisezakuqintwa, bakhetha bona umtjhado wabo ungabotjhwa mibandela yomThetho isigaba 22.
Imiphumela Yemitjhado Engalawulwa Mthetho Lo
Lapha abalingani bakhetha khona ukungabotjhelelwa mibandela yomThetho, umthetho obugade usebenza ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, uzakusetjenziswa isigaba 23. Lokhu kuzokuba nomphumela wokobana imitjhado enjalo ayamukelwa begodu ubujamo bomthetho ovamileko njengombana kutjhiwo esingenisweni uyasetjenziswa.
Imiphumela YomTjhado WesiKhuwa Ekhona Njenganje
Imibandela yomThetho lo izakusetjenziswa kinofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu bewenziwa bewatloliswa ngokomThetho wemiTjhado ka 1961 isigaba 24, nakube abalingani bakhetha ukulandela imibandela yomThetho eyembatha umtjhado lowo. UmThetho nokho awuthinti ipahla yomtjhado okhona, begodu ngokweenzathu ezazekako isigaba 5, 6, 7 no 10 zomThetho angeze zasetjenziswa kilomtjhado.
UmThetho awusebenzi emitjhadweni yesikhuwa nofana emitjhadweni yesintu, elawulwa mThetho 120 ka 1998 wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado eVamileko.
Mitjhado yesiMuslimu kwaphela ekusebenza kiyo umThetho lo begodu nekhambisana nazo zoke iindingo zawo umThetho lo, ezakuthathwa bona mitjhado enobuqiniso section 25.
UKULINGANA
Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu banegunya elipheleleko lokwenza iimvumelwano, ukuzijamela emacaleni, njll.
Bobabili abalingani kumele bavumelane.
Isikhulu esitjhadisako kumele siqinisekise bona ukuvumelana kube khona.
Bobabili abalingani kumele kube sebayihlanganisile iminyaka eli-18.
Kumele kukhanjiswane neengaba 6 no 7 zomThetho isigaba 51.
UKWALELWA KOKUTJHADA GODU
Akunamlingani emtjhadweni wamaMuslimu onelungelo lokungena emtjhadweni omunye godu ngaPhasi komThetho wemiTjhado nofana omunye nomunye umthetho, ukube umtjhadwakhe usesekhona isigaba 520. Nanyana ngimuphi umtjhado okungenwe kiwo awuzukuyelwa section 53. Ihlanakela yalokhu nayo isebenza ngokwefanelo. Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha imibandela yomThetho isebenza khona, nabo abakavunyelwa ukungena emtjhadweni wesikhuwa.
Umtjhado Okungenwe Kiwo Ngaphambi Kokuthoma Kokusebenza KomThetho
Umtjhado onjalo kumele utloliswe esikhathini esiminyaka emibili ngemva kokuthoma kokusebenza komThetho nofana isikhathi eside njengombana kungavunyelwa isigaba 61a. Nanyana isigabesi singaphikiswa nje, ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado.
Imitjhado Eyenziwe Ngemva KokuThoma Ukusebenza KomThetho
Lapha abalingani bakhethe khona ukubotjhwa mThetho, umtjhado kumele utloliswe nakuphela umnyanya womtjhado nofana esikhathini eside esivunyelweko 61b. Qala ikulumo engehla malungana nokuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado.
UBUFAKAZI BOMTJHADO
Ukuya ngokwesigaba 6 (d), isikhulu esitjhadisako kumele sinikele abalingani isitifikeyiti sokutlolisa, esizakuba bufakazi bokuthoma bobukhona bomtjhado wesiMuslimu.
Isikhulu esitjhadisako singala ukutlolisa umtjhado, kanti ngakelinye ihlangothi, ikhotho ingathi nayamukela isibawo, iwutlolise umtjhado lowo isigaba 65 no 66.
Ukuhluleka ukutlolisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu akuthinti ubuqiniso bomtjhado isigaba 610.
Umtjhado Okungenwe Kiwo Ngaphambi Kokuthoma Ukusebenza KomThetho
Umtjhado onjalo ngongahlanganyeli ipahla, ongafaki ihlelo lokubuthelela, ngaphandle kwanange abalingani batlolisa isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado e-ofisini yokutlolisa amafa esikhathini esiziinyanga ezili-12 ukusuka ngelanga lokuthoma lokusebenza komThetho isigaba 81a.
Umtjhado Okungenwe Kiwo Ngemva Kokuthoma Ukusebenza KomThetho
Imitjhado enjalo izakuba ngengahlanganyeli ipahla, ingafaki ihlelo lokubuthelela ipahla, ngaphandle kwanange abalingani batlolisa isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado esikhathini esiziinyanga ezintathu ukusuka ngelanga lokwenziwa kwawo isigaba 81b.
ITJHUGULUKO LEHLELO LEPAHLA YOMTJHADO
Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha kusebenza khona umThetho lo, bangahlanganyela ukwenza isibawo sokutjhugulula ihlelo labo lepahla yomtjhado isigaba 83. Itjhuguluko elinjalo alikabekelwa isikhathi.
IIMFUNEKO MALUNGANA NOMUNYE UMTJHADO WESITHEMBU WESIMUSLIMU
Indoda esemtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha kusebenza khona umThetho lo, efuna ukungena komunye godu umtjhado, kumele yenze isibawo ebawa ngaso iKhotho bonyana:
ivume umtjhado loyo; godu ivume nesivumelwano esilawula ikusasa lehlelo lepahla yomtjhado lemitjhado isigaba 86.
Lapha ikhotho inikela khona isibawo, kumele ikhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwano irikhodwe kumtlolisi wamafa isigaba 89.
UKUTLOLISWA KWEMITJHADO ESITHEMBU
Akunasikhulu esitjhadisako okumele sitlolise umtjhado wesithembu ngaphandle kwanange sinikelwe ikhophi yomyalo wekhotho isigaba 810.
Isigaba 9 sihlinzeka malungana nokupheliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu yikhotho ngokuvunyelwa mthetho wesi-Islamu (qala isiHlomelelo C malungana nekambiso ekumele ilandelwe nakupheliswa umtjhado).
Lokha umlingani osemtjhadweni wesikhuwa nakathatha igadango lokutlhala ngokomThetho wokuTlhala, iKhotho ayizuwuphelisa umtjhado wesikhuwa loyo kufikela lapha ikhotho yaneliseka khona bonyana umtjhado wesiMuslimu sele uphelisiwe (isigaba 10).
Yikhotho nofana isikhulu esitjhadisako kwaphela abangamukela umtjhado onjalo lokha nakunerarano hlangana nabalingani.
UKUPHELISA IRARANO
Isigaba 13, 14 no 15 somThetho sihlinzeka malungana nekambiso okumele ilandelwe lokha nakunerarano mayelana nokupheliswa kwemitjhado (qala isiHlomelelo D malungana netlhatlha lekambiso okumele lilandelwe).
UmThethomlingwa ohlongozwako ufundeka bunjesi:
Ukwenza umhlinzeko malungana nokwamukelwa kwemitjhado yesiNtu; ukunqophisa iimfuneko malungana nomtjhado okhona wesiMuslimu; ukulawula ukutloliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu; ukwamukela ijamo namandla wabalingani emitjhadweni yesiMuslimu; ukulawula ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado wemitjhado yesiMuslimu; ukulawula ukupheliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu kanye nemiphumela yakhona; ukuhlinzeka malungana nokwenza imithetjhwana; kanye nokuhlinzeka iindaba eziphathelene nalokho.
Iinhlathululo Kanye Nerhumutjho LomThetho
KilomThetho, ngaphandle kwanange okungaphakathi kutjho okuhlukileko-
i ikhotho itjho iKhotho ePhakemeko yeSewula Afrika, nofana ikhotho yomkhaya ehlonywe ngaphasi kwanofana ngimuphi umthetho, begodu kufaka ikhotho yokutlhalana ehlonywe ngaphasi kwesigaba 10 somThetho wokuTjhugululwa kokuPhathwa, 1929 umThetho 9 ka 1929, begodu ohlelwe njengombana ubekiwe esigabeni 15;
ii isabelo somhlolokazi esitshwilisiweko sitjho isabelo somhlolokazi nofana ingcenye yaso esibhadelwa ngesikhathi esizako okuvunyelenwe ngaso, kodwana esiphelelwa sikhathi bekufuneke bona sibhadalwe lokha nakuphela umtjhado ngokutlhalana nofana ngokufa;
iii irarano itjho irarano nofana izwabatjho yerarano ephathelene nokurhunyutjhwa nofana ukwenziwa kwanofana ngimuphi umbandela womThetho lo nofana omunye nomunye umthetho osebenzako;
iv UmThetho wokuTlhala utjho umThetho wokuTlhala, 1979 umThetho 70 ka 1979;
v ilobolo lomhlolokazi mahr litjho imali, ipahla nofana enye nenye into enenani, sekubalwa neenzuzo okumele zibhadalwe yindoda emfazini njengomphumela wesibopho saphambilini somtjhado ngokwawo kobanyana kuzokwakhiwa umuzi bekubekwe nesisekelo sokuzwana nokuphilisana;
vi umtjhado wesikhuwa okhona utjho umtjhado okhona owenziwe ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu godu notloliswe bewenziwa ngokomThetho wemiTjhado ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho;
vii ukuphumelelisa umtjhado njengombana kutjhiwo kusigaba 69 kutjho ukwenza indlela yomnyanya womtjhado nikah;
viii Umkhulumeli womNdeni kutjhiwo nanyana ngimuphi umKhulumeli womNdeni okhethwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 21 somThetho ka 1987 wokuLamula kezinye zeeNdaba zokuTlhalana, umThetho 24 ka 1987;
ix iFaskh kutjhiwo umlayo wokuphelisa umtjhado okhutjhwa yikhotho, lokha indoda nofana umfazi nabenza isibawo phezu kwanofana ngisiphi isizathu nofana isisekelo esivunyelwe mthetho wesi-Islamu, kufaka, lokha nakumfazi, sinye nofana ngaphezulu kweenzathu ezilandelako, okutjho lapha -
c indoda nayigwetjwe ukudosa ejele isikhathi seminyaka emithathu nofana ngaphezulu, nakube umfazi unelungelo lokwenza isibawo somyalo wokuphelisa umtjhado esikhathini esimnyaka ukusuka ngelanga lokugwetjwa;
d indoda igula ngokwengqondo, nofana isebujamweni bokutsirimezeka okuragela phambili njengombana kutjho isigaba 5 somThetho wokuTlhala, okumhlinzeko ozakusebenza namatjhuguluko adingwa bujamo Jun n;
e indoda inobulwelwe bokubhalelwa emabhayini nofana ubulwelwe obudlangileko obenza bonyana ukuhlalisana kungasabekezeleleki Ayb ;
f indoda ephatha umfazi wayo ngesihluku nganofana ngiyiphi indlela, okwenza ukuhlalisana kungasabekezeleleki Dharar;
g indoda ehluleke, ngaphandle kweenzathu ezizwakalako, ukwenza iimbopho zayo zomtjhado isikhathi esingabekezelelekiko Dharar;
i indoda ilimaza umfazi wayo, njengombana kwamukelwa mthetho wesi-Islamu Dharar; nofana j ukungadosisani phakathi kwabalingani kunyaze iinjamiso zomtjhado, kufaka namagugu asisekelo wethando omunye komunye, ukuzwelana, ukuzwana kanye nokuzwisisa, ngomphumela wokobana ukupheliswa komtjhado kuba sisombululo ebujamwenobo Shiq q;
x I-Iddah itjho isikhathi sokulinda esibekiweko, esivela ekuphelisweni komtjhado yi-Tal q, Faskh nofana ukuhlongakalelwa yindoda okusikhathi umfazi obhujelweko angakavunyelwa ukutjhada ngaso. I- Iddah yomfazi otlhaliweko -
a osasibonako isikhathi osayako esikhathini kuba mizombe emithathu yokuba sesikhathinokho;
b ongasasiboniko isikhathi nganofana ngimaphi amabanga, kuba ziinyanga ezintathu;
b nakube usidisi, ifikelela esikhathini sokubeletha kwakhe.
a ku-Tal q yokuthoma neyesibili etjhugulukako etjhiwo yindoda eba ngengatjhugulukiko ekupheleni kwe- Iddah ;
b ku-Tal q emenyezelwa bona ayitjhuguluki ngesikhathi sokumenyezelwa kwayo, kunye c nekumenyezelweni kwe- Tal q yesithathu;
xii I-Khula itjho ukupheliswa kwefindo lomtjhado nakumfazi ngokwesivumelwano sokudluliselwa kwepahla nofana okhunye okuvunyiweko phakathi kwabalingani ukuya ngokomthetho wesi-Islamu;
xiii umThetho wemiTjhado utjho umThetho wemiTjhado ka 1961, umThetho 25 ka 1961;
xiv isikhulu esitjhadisako kutjhiwo nanyana ngimuphi umuntu omuMuslimu onelwazi lomthetho wesi-Islamu okhethelwe ukutjhadisa ngemibandela yomThetho lo nguNgqongqotjhe nofana isikhulu esisebenza ngaphasi kwegunya elitloliweko lakaNgqongqotjhe;
xviii qintelweko kutjhiwo okuqintelwe ngomthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigaba 18;
xix ilobolo elirhabekileko kutjhiwo ilobolo nofana ingcenye yalo elikhutjhwa lokha nakwenziwa umtjhado nofana msinyazana ngemva kwalapho lokha umfazi nafune njalo;
xxi I-Tafw d al- Tal q kutjhiwo indoda nayinikela ilungelo layo le- Tal q emfazini nofana kunanyana kungaba ngimuphi omunye umuntu, kungaba sesikhathini sokuphela komtjhado nofana lokha umtjhado nawusesekhona, kobanyana umfazi nofana umuntu okhethiweko loyo aphelise umtjhado ngokumemezela i-Tal q, ngokulandela imibandela yegunya anikelwe lonelo kwaphela;
Ukusetjenziswa KomThetho Lo
Imibandela yomThetho lo izakusebenza emitjhadweni yesiMuslimu eyenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo lapha abalingani bakhethe ngendlela etjhwiweko ukuzibophelela emibandeleni yomThetho lo.
Imibandela yomThetho lo izakusebenza emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo. Kwaphela nange abalingani bazakuba nelungelo esikhathini esiziinyanga ezi-12 nofana ngaphezulu ngendlela kungaquntwa ngakhona, bobabili bakhethe ngendlela equntiweko ukungabotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo, lapha imibandela yomThetho lo izakusetjenziswa emtjhadweni onjalo.
Umthetho osebenza emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu lapha abalingani bakhethe khona ukungabotjhwa mibandela yomTheho lo, uzakuba mthetho njengombana kwakunjalo ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo.
Imibandela YomThetho Lo -
a isebenza emtjhadweni okhona njengombana abalingani bakhona bakhethe ngendlela equntiweko ukwenza bona imibandela yomThetho lo, isetjenziswe, kungafakwa iingaba 5, 6, 7 no 10: Kwaphela nange amalungelo wepahla avela emtjhadweni wokuhlanganyela ipahla nofana umtjhado ukuya ngehlelo lokubuthelela, nofana ngokwesivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado, azakuhlala angakathinteki;
b ayisebenzi emtjhadweni wesikhuwa owenziwe ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, begodu c ayisebenzi emtjhadweni wesintu otloliswe ngaphasi komThetho ka 1998 wokwAmukelwa kwemiTjhado yesiNtu, umThetho 120 ka 1998.
Umtjhado wesiMuslimu lapha kusebenza khona umThetho lo begodu lapha zoke iimfuneko zomThetho lo zizalisiwe, uzakwamukelwa njengomtjhado osemthethweni.
Ijamo Namandla Alinganako Wabalingani
Umfazi nendoda emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu bayalingana ngokwesithunzi somuntu begodu bobabili, ngokwesisekelo sokulingana, banejamo elizeleko, amandla nokuzijamela ngokweemali, kufaka hlangana amandla wobunikazi nokuzuza ipahla nokuyilahla, ukwenza iimvumelwano kanye nokuzijamela ngokomthetho.
Imibango
Nanyana ngimuphi umbango ovuka emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owenziwako kodwana wapheliswa ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, kuzakusetjenzwa ngawo ngokwemibandela yomThetho lo: Kwaphela nange abalingani bangathi ngesivumelwano ngendlela equntelweko bakhethe bonyana umbango wabo usetjenzwe ngaphandle kwemibandela yomThetho lo.
a Lokha umbango nawuvuka phakathi kwendoda ethethe isithembu nomunye nofana nabanye babafazi bayo, okumbango osezandleni zekhotho enegunya lokugweba umbango loyo, begodu kungaqalwa bona umbango loyo uphathelene nomtjhado olawulwa mibandela yomThetho lo nofana njani, boke abalingani abathethwe yindoda leyo kumele banikelwe isaziso sombango lowo.
b Nakwenziwa umyalo okhambelana nemibandela yendima a, ikhotho kumele iyelele amalungelo wabo boke abalingani abathintekileko.
Iimfuneko Zokuba Semthethweni Kwemitjhado YesiMuslimu
Ukuthi umtjhado wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo ube ngosebenzako a abalingani kumele bobabili bavume bona bayatjhadana;
b umtjhadisi kumele aqinisekise kumjameli nakube ukhona bonyana abazokuba balingani bavumelene ngalokho;
c abofakazi kumele babe khona njengombana kusitjho umthetho wesi-Islamu nakutjhadwako;
d abazokuba balingani bamele kube sebayihlanganisile iminyaka eli-18; begodu e kumele bakhambisane nemibandela yesigabesi nesigaba 6 no 7.
Akunamlingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu lapha umThetho lo usebenza khona ongangena emtjhadweni ngaphasi komThetho wemiTjhado nofana ngaphasi kwananyana ngimuphi omunye umthetho ukube kanti usatjhade umtjhado wesiMuslimu.
Nakube umtjhado wenziwe ngokwephula imibandela yesigatjana 2, umtjhado onjalo uzakuthathwa njengongekho.
Nakube omunye wabalinganabo akasimondarha, bobabili ababelethi bakhe nofana nakube akanababelethi, umtlhogomelakhe kumele anikele imvumo yomtjhado.
Nakube imvumo yombelethi nofana yomtlhogomeli njengombana kutjhwiwe esigatjaneni 4 ayitholakali, imibandela yesigaba 25 somThetho wemiTjhado izakusebenza.
Ngaphandle kweemfuneko zesigatjana 1d, uNgqongqotjhe nofana nanyana ngimuphi omunye umuntu omuMuslimu nofana ihlangano yamaMuslimu egunyazwe nguye ngokutloliweko, anganikela imvumo etloliweko omunye nomunye umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka efunekako kobana angene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu nakube uNgqongqotjhe nofana umuntu loyo nofana ihlangano uthatha umtjhado lowo bona uyafuneka begodu ububhadekelo kilabo abafuna ukutjhada.
Imvumo enikelwe ngokwesigatjana 6 ayizokutjhaphulula abalingani bomtjhado ohlongozwako esibophweni sokukhambisana nanofana ngiziphi iimfuneko eziquntelwe mthetho.
Nakube umuntu ongaphasi kweminyaka equntelweko ungene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ngaphandle kwemvumo etloliweko kaNgqongqotjhe nofana yehlangano egunyazwe nguye, uNgqongqotjhe nofana ihlangano enjalo nakube ithatha bonyana umtjhado udingekile begodu ubhadekela abalingani, begodu nakube umtjhado bewukhamba ngokomThetho lo ngeendlela zoke, angamemezela ngokutloliweko bonyana umtjhado loyo umtjhado osebenzako wesiMuslimu ngazo zoke iindlela.
Ngokukhambisana nemibandela yesigatjana 6 no 7, isigatjana 24A somThetho kaMarhistrada sisebenza emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu womuntu ongasimondarha ongene kiwo ngaphandle kwemvumo yombelethi, umondli, ukhomitjhinara wezehlalakuhle yabantwana nofana umgwebi.
Ukwalelwa komtjhado wesiMuslimu phakathi kwabantu ngebanga lobuhlobo babo beengazi nofana lokuzwana, nofana ngananyana ngisiphi nje esinye isizathu, kuquntwa mthetho wesi-Islamu.
Umtjhado WesiMuslimu a owenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma komThetho lo, ngaphandle kwanange abalingani bakhethe ukungabotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo njengombana kucatjangwa kusigaba 22, kumele utloliswe ngendlela efaneleko esikhathini seminyaka emibili ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza lokho nofana esikhathini eside njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angaqunta ngeenkhathi zoke ngesaziso kuGazethe; nofana b owenziwe ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, lapha abalingani bakhethe khona ukubotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo njengombana kutjhiwo kusigaba 21, kumele utloliswe njengoba bekuquntiwe nakwenziwako nofana esikhathini esingaphezu kwalokho njengombana uNgqongqotjhe angaqunta ngeenkhathi ezithileko ngesaziso kuGazethe.
Akunamtjhadisi ozakutlolisa nofana ngimuphi umtjhado ngaphandle kwanange -
a omunye nomunye wabalingani okukhulunywa ngabo aveze kumtjhadisi ipasa lakhe elikhutjhwe ngaphasi kwemibandela yomThetho wokuZazisa, 1986 umThetho No. 71 ka 1986; nofana b nakungekho umtlolo wokuzazisa, abalingani okukhulunywa ngabo abanikele umtjhadisi isitatimende esifungelweko; nofana c omunye wabalinganabo akhuphe umtlolwakhe wokuzazisa otjhwiwe endimeni a anikele umtjhadisi neminye imininingwana nayo ayinikele umtjhadisi nesitatimende esifungelweko njengombana kusitjho indima b.
Umtjhadisi Kumele -
a azise abalingani bonyana banelungelo lokwenza isivumelwano abasithandako esilawula ukuphathwa kwepahlabo yomtjhado, nofana benze isivumelwano esijayelekileko bebalethe iimbonelo zeemvumelwanezo njengombana kuquntiwe, kobanyana abalinganabo bathathe iinqunto ezifaneleko;
b aqinisekise bonyana abalingani bazwisisa ikambiso yokutlolisa;
c nakube wanelisekile bonyana abalingani benza umtjhado wesiMuslimu owamukelekako, atlolise umazisi wabalingani, ilanga lomtjhado, ilobolo okuvunyelenwe ngalo, nanyana likhutjhwa khonokho nofana litshwiliswa loke nofana ingcenye yalo, neminye imininingwana equntelweko, begodu atlolise umtjhado ukuya ngokomThetho lo nemithetjhwana njengombana kuquntelwe;
d anikele abalingani isitifikeyiti sokutloliswa, esinemininingwana equntelweko; begodu e ngemva kwalokho adlulisele amarikhodo afaneleko kumjameli wesifunda nofana wesiphande abakhethwe ngaleyondlela ngaphasi kwesigaba 211 somThetho ka 1986 wokuzAzisa,
Nakube umtjhadisi akakaneliseki bonyana abalingani bangene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owamukelekako, kumele abalele ukutlolisa umtjhado.
Ikhotho ingathi bona ifunyane isibawo esihlanganyelweko sabalingani esenziwe ekhothwapho, iyale bona -
a kutloliswe umtjhado wesiMuslimu; nofana b kusulwe nofana kulungiswe nofana ngikuphi ukutloliswa komtjhado wesiMuslimu okwenziwe mtjhadisi.
Isitifikeyiti sokutlolisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu esikhutjhwe ngaphasi kwesigabesi nofana nanyana ngimuphi omunye umthetho ovumela ukutloliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu kwakha ubufakazi bokuthoma bokuba khona komtjhado wesiMuslimu begodu nemininingwana emumethwe esitifikeyitini.
Nanyana ngimuphi umtjhadisi othi asazi atlolise umtjhado ophikisana nemibandela yomThetho lo, uzakuba necala lokwephula umthetho bese kuthi nakagwetjwako aqalane nehlawulo engeqi i- R5 000.
a Nanyana ngimuphi umuntu ophumelelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu, kungakhathaleki bona umuntu onjalo umtjhadisi, kumele azise abazokuba balingani bonyana bangakhetha bonyana babotjhwa nofana ababotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo.
b Nakube abalingani bakhetha ukubotjhwa mibandela yomThetho lo njengombana kusitjhiwo esigabeni 21, umuntu ophumelelisa umtjhado otjhwiwe endimeni a kumele anqophise abalinganabo kumtjhadisi oyena ozakutlolisa umtjhadwabo wesiMuslimu olungiselelweko.
c Umuntu ophumelelisa umtjhado otjhwiwe endimeni a obhalelwa kukhambisana nemibandela yendima b, unecala lokuphula umthetho begodu nakagwetjwako uzakuqalana nehlawulo engeqi i- R5 000.
Ubufakazi Beminyaka Yobudala Yabafuna Ukutjhada
Nakube abalingani bavela ngaphambi komtjhadisi bayokubopha umtjhado wesiMuslimu bese umtjhadisi loyo asole bonyana omunye wabo useminyakeni emvimbela bonyana angene emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokufumana imvumo yomunye umuntu, umtjhadisi angala ukutlolisa umtjhado phakathi kwabo ngaphandle kwanange anikelwa imvumo enjalo ngokutloliweko, nofana ngobufakazi obanelisako obukhombisa bonyana umlingani loyo unelungelo lokungena emtjhadweni ngaphandle kwemvumo.
Ubujamo Bepahla Emitjhadweni YesiMuslimu Kanye Namandla Wabalingani Wokwenza Isivumelwano
Umtjhado wesiMuslimu okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi nofana ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, uzakuthathwa bonyana mtjhado ongahlanganyeli ipahla ngokungafaki ihlelo lokubuthelela, ngaphandle kwanange ihlelo elilawula ipahla yomtjhado lilawulwa ngokuzwana phakathi kwabalingani, ngesivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado esizakutloliswa kumTlolisi wamaFa a nakumtjhado okungenwe kiwo ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, begodu nakube ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwawo bekunesivumelwano esitloliweko sokuphathwa kwepahla yomtjhado ophakathi kwabalingani, esikhathini esiziinyanga ezilitjhumi nambili ukusukela ngelanga lokuthoma lokusebenza komThetho lo, begodu b nakumtjhado okungenwe kiwo ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, esikhathini seenyanga ezintathu ukusuka ngelanga lokuthoma ukusebenza kwesivumelwano nofana esikhathini esiluliweko njengombana ikhotho inganikela imvumo enjalo ngesibawo.
Ngaphandle kobanyana kube nomunye umbandela ophikisako omumethwe nanyana kungaba ngimuphi omunye umthetho, isivumelwano sangaphambi komtjhado esitjhwiwe kusigatjana 1 akudingi bonyana siqiniswe namkha sifakazelwe mumuntu womthetho.
Abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu owenziwe ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, bangahlanganyela ekwenzeni isibawo ekhotho sokutjhugulula ihlelo labo lepahla yomtjhado, elisebenza emtjhadwenabo nofana emitjhadwenabo begodu ikhotho ingabavumela ukwenza njalo nakube yanelisekile bona -
a kuneenzathu ezizwakalako zetjhuguluko elihlongozwako b isaziso esitloliweko nesanelisako setjhuguluko elihlongozwako sinikelwe boke abakolodwa balingani imali engaphezu kwama-R500 nofana inani elinjalo elingaquntwa nguNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa ngesaziso kuGazethe; begodu c akunamuntu omunye ozakonakaliswa litjhuguluko elihlongozwako, iyale bona ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado elisetjenziswa emtjhadweni loyo nofana emitjhadweni enjalo angeze lisasebenza bese igunyaza abalingani bomtjhado nofana bemitjhado leyo bona benze isivumelwano esitloliweko lapha ikusasa lehlelo lepahla yomtjhado wabo nofana yabo lizakulawulwa ngemibandela equntelwe yikhotho.
Nakuyindoda emlingani emtjhadweni ongaphezu kowodwa wesiMuslimu, boke abantu abanekareko eyaneleko endabeni leyo, khulukhulu umlingani nofana abalingani bendoda abakhona, kumele bahlanganiswe ekambisweni leyo.
Nakube indoda imlingani emtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona, godu nemtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, boke abalingani bayo abakhona kumele bahlanganiswe eenkambisweni ezikhambisana nalokho.
Indoda esemtjhadweni wesiMuslimu, lapha umThetho lo usebenza khona, efuna ukungena komunye umtjhado wesiMuslimu nomunye umfazi ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, kumele yenze isibawo ekhotho ibawe imvumo ngokwesigatjana 7, bese ivume isivumelwano esitloliweko esizokulawula ihlelo lakusasa lepahla yemitjhadwakhe.
Lokha nayitjheja isibawo ngokwesigatjana 6, ikhotho -
a kumele inikele imvumo nakube yanelisekile bonyana indoda ikghona ukuphatha ngokulingana abalingani bayo njengombana kuquntelwe yi- Qur an eCwengileko;
b nakumtjhado okhona ohlanganyela ipahla nofana onehlelo lokubuthelela nofana esinye nje isivumelwano, inga -
i phelisa ihlelo lepahla yomtjhado elisebenza emtjhadweni lowo; godu ii layela bona kuhlukaniswe msinyana ilifa elihlanganyelwekwelo ngokulinganako, nofana ngeendlela ezinye ezingavunywa yikhotho, iii layela bona kuhlukaniswe msinyana ukubuthelelwa okutjhiwoko ukuya ngemibandela yesahluko 1 somThetho ka 1984 wePahla yomTjhado, umThetho 88 ka 1984, nofana ngeendlela ezinye ezingavunywa yikhotho;
c yenze umyalo onjalo malungana nelifa elizakuba khona labalinganabo njengombana kuvunyelwene ngokuzwana, nofana, ukufelelisa nofana ngisiphi isivumelwano, umtjhado uzakuthathwa bonyana awuhlanganyeli ipahla, ngaphandle kwanange ikhotho ngeenzathu ezikatelelako iqunte ngenye indlela.
Boke abantu abanekareko eyaneleko endabeni le, khulukhulu abalingani abakhona bowenza isibawo kanye nabasazokuba balingani, kumele bahlanganyele eenkambisweni ezenziwe ngokwesigatjana 6.
Nakube ikhotho inikela isibawo esitjhiwo esigatjaneni 3 no 6, umtlolisis nofana umabhalana wekhotho, kumele anikele umlingani ngamunye umyalo wekhotho, sekubalwa nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwano esinjalo beyenze bona umyalo lowo nekhophi eqinisekisiweko yesivumelwaneso ithunyelwe komunye nomunye umtlolisi wamafa wendawo lapha kunekhotho leyo khona kobanyana izokusetjenziselwa ukutloliswa.
Akunamtjhadisi ozakutlolisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu wesibili nofana olandela lowo, ngaphandle kwanange indoda inikela umtjhadisi umyalo wekhotho onikela imvumo efunekako ngokwesigatjana 7.
Indoda engena emtjhadweni omunye wesiMuslimu, ukube kanti seyithethe, ngaphandle kwemvumo yekhotho, ngokuphikisana nesigatjana 6 izakuba necala beyiqalane nehlawulo engeqi ama-R20 000.
Nanyana ngimuphi umuntu oqabela omunye ngabomu ekusebenziseni nofana ngiliphi ilungelo anikelwe lona ngaphasi komThetho lo, uzakuba necala abe aqalane nehlawulo nofana ukubotjhwa isikhathi esingeqi umnyaka.
Imibandela yesigaba 2 yomThetho wokuTlhala izakusetjenziswa, ngamatjhuguluko afunekako ebujamwenobo, malungana negunya lekhotho ngalomThetho.
Ngaphandle kwemibandela yesigaba 3 a somThetho wokuTlhala nofana okhunye okuphikisako okumumethwe ngananyana ngimuphi umthetho nofana umthetho ovamileko, umtjhado wesiMuslimu ungapheliswa yikhotho nganofana ngiziphi iinzathu ezivunyelwa mthetho wesi-Islamu. Imibandela yesigabesi nayo izakusetjenziswa namatjhuguluko afunwa bujamo bezinto, emtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona njengombana iinqhema zizabe ziqunte ukukhetha ukwenza bona imibandela yomThetho lo isebenze epahleni yomtjhadwazo.
a Indoda izakukateleleka ukubanga bona i-Tal q engatjhugulukiko itloliswe msinyana kodwana nanyana ngayiphi indlela, kungabi ngemva kwamalanga ama- 30 ngemva kwesaziswesi, kumtjhadisi ema-ofisini kamarhistrada eduze nalapha kuhlala umkayo, phambi komkayo nofana umjamelakhe osemthethweni kanye nabofakazi ababili.
b Nakube ubukhona bomfazi nofana abofakazi bakhe ngeenzathu ezithize abukaphephi, umtjhadisi uzakutlolisa i-Tal q engatjhugulukiko kwaphela nakube indoda leyo yanelisa umtjhadisi bonyana isaziso esifaneleko sanikelwa umfazi loyo ngendlela equntelweko yitjherifi nofana msebenzi ojamele itjherifi.
d Nanyana ngiyiphi indoda ethi yazi kodwana yehluleke ngabomu ukutlolisa i-Tal q engatjhugulukiko ngokwesigatjana izakuba necala ibe iqalane nehlawulo engeqi i-R5 000.
e Nakube umlingani uphikisa ukusebenza kwe-Tal q engatjhugulukiko, ukuya ngomThetho wesi-Islamu, umtjhadisi akazukutlolisa lokho kufikela lapha kurarululwa khona umbango ngomlamulisi ngokwesigaba 14 nofana ngekhotho nofana ngolandelelako kobana kube nentatha etloliweko phakathi kwabalingani.
f Umlingani uzakuthi emalangeni ali-14 ukusuka ngelanga lokutloliswa kwe-Tal q engatjhugulukiko, athathe amagadango womthetho ekhotho efaneleko malungana nomyalo oqinisa ukupheliswa komtjhado ngendlela ye- Tal q. Igadango elithethwekwelo lizakukhambisana neenkambiso eziquntelwe ngeenkhathi zoke mithetho esebenzako yekhotho. Ikhophi yesitifikeyiti sokutloliswa kwe-Tal q engatjhugulukiko izakunanyathiselwa kumasamanisi asungula igadangwelo. Lokhu akuvimbeli umlingani bona angafuni isizo lesikhatjhana elilandelako -
i isibawo sesalelo namkha ilungelo lesikhatjhana lokwelusa umntwana ongakabi mondarha wemtjhadweni loyo, namkha ilungelo lokubona umntwana loyo namkha namkha sokubhadala imali yesondlo ngesikhathi icala lisaragwa.
ii isibawo seminikelo yeendleko zegadango elinjalo nofana ukusungula igadango elinjalo, nofana ukwenza isibawo esinjalo njengomuntu onelungelo lokummangalela omunye, nofana malungana nemisebenzi ejanyiselelweko yekambiso, nofana umlayo okhutjhwa ziimphathimandla, egadangweni elinjalo nofana wesibawo esinjalo; nofana iii isibawo sesondlo ngesikhathi se-Iddah.
g I-Tal q engatjhugulukiko ithatha umphumela onjalo ngaphambi kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, ayizokufuneka kobana itloliswe ngokwemibandela yomThetho lo.
Ikhotho kumele inikele umyalo wokutlhala ngokwe-Faskh phezu kwanofana ngisiphi isizathu esithathwa bona sifanele malungana nokupheliswa kwemitjhado engaphasi komthetho wesi-Islamu, sekubalwa neenzathu ezitjhwiwe ehlathululweni ye-Faskh esigabeni 1. Umfazi uzakuthatha igadango malungana nomyalo wokutlhala ngendlela ye-Faskh ekhotho efaneleko, bese ikambiso esebenza lapho izakuba yikambiso equntelwe ngeenkhathi ezithileko mithetho yekhotho, sekubalwa nokusizakala okufaneleko, icala nalisaragwako, okutjhiwe kusigatjana 3f. Ukunikelwa kwe-Faskh yikhotho, kufaka ne-Faskh enikelwe lokha indoda nayenza isibawo, izakuba namandla wokuphelisa umtjhado.
Abalingani abenze i-Khula ngokwabo nangokuhlanganyela bazakuvela phambi komtjhadisi bese benze bona khonokho kutloliswe phambi kwabofakazi abafaneleko ababili. Umtjhadisi uzakutlolisa i-Khula njenge-Tal q engatjhugulukiko, lapha imibandela yesigatjana 3f izakusebenza khona namatjhuguluko anjalo njengombana kungafunwa bujamo bezinto.
UmThetho ka 1987 wokuLamula keZinye iiNdaba zokuTlhalana umThetho 24 ka 1987 neengaba 61no 2 zomThetho wokuTlhala ophathelene nokutlhogomela ihlalakuhle yomntwana ongasimondarha emtjhadweni lowo, usetjenziswa ekupheliseni umtjhado wesiMuslimu ngaphasi komThetho lo.
Ikhotho enikela nofana eqinisa umyalo wokuphelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu -
a inamandla atjhwiwe eengabeni 71, 77 no 78 zomThetho wokuTlhalana 241 womThetho ka 1984 wePahla yomTjhado umThetho 88 ka 1984;
b kumele, nakube ibona kufanele, ngaphandle kwanofana ngisiphi isivumelwano phakathi kwabalingani abazokutjhada malungana nokuhlukaniswa kwepahlabo, iyale bonyana ipahla leyo ihlukaniselwe abalinganabo ngokulinganako, lapha -
i ihlangano isize khona nofana inikele umsebenzi, ekwenzeni nofana ekuphetheni umgidingo womndeni nofana imigidingo ngesikhathi umtjhado usesekhona; nofana ii abalingani bafake isandla lokha umtjhadwabo nawusesekhona ekondleni nofana ekwandiseni ilifa lomunye komunye, nofana omunye wabo, kufikela lapha kungasakghoneki khona ukuhlukanisa khona bona leli lilifa lamuphi umlingani.
c kumele, nakuyindoda emlingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu ongaphezu kowodwa, kutjhejwe woke amaphuzu, ekubalwa hlangana nawo nokulandelana kwemitjhado, zoke iimvumelwano, iimbopho nofana umyalo okwenziwe ngokwesigaba 83no 7.
d ingayala bonyana nanyana ngubani emqondweni wekhotho onekareko eyaneleko endabeni le naye abalwe ekambisweni yayo ;
e ingenza umyalo malungana nelungelo lobunikazi nofana ukuba mumondli nofana ithuba lokubona umntwana ongasimondarha womtjhado ngokuqalisisa imibandela yesigaba 11;
f kumele kuthi nayenza umyalo wokukhutjhwa kwesondlo, sekubalwa nesondlo esidlulileko, itjheje woke amaphuzu afaneleko; godu g yenze umyalo malungana nesipho sokubuyisana mut ah al-Tal q emibandeleni ehlathululiweko evunyelwa mthetho wesiMuslimu.
Lokha nakupheliswa umtjhado ngokufa, umlingani oseleko uzakuba nelungelo lokufaka isibizo elifeni lakamufi malungana nelobolo elingakakhutjhwa namkha elingakaqedwa, nofana nakungasinjalo kube malungana nanofana yini ephathekako eyamukelwa mthetho wesi-Islamu.
Iminyaka Yobumondarha
Ngokomthetho lo, iminyaka yobumondarha bomuntu iquntwa ngokomThetho ka-1972 wemiNyaka yobuMondarha, (umThetho 57 ka 1972).
Ilungelo Lobunikazi Kanye Nokubona Umntwana Ongasimondarha
Nakwenziwa umyalo malungana nelungelo lobunikazi bomntwana, nofana ukubona umntwana angasimondarha, nofana ukwenza iqunto ngokutlhogonyelwa, ikhotho, ngokuhlonipha umthetho wesi-Islamu kanye nombiko weemphakamiso zomJameli womNdeni, izakutjheja ihlalakuhle nekareko engcono yomntwana.
Ngokukhambisana nesigatjana 1, umbelethi onganalungelo lobunikazi uzakuba nelungelo lokubona umntwana.
Nakube bobabili ababelethi abakho, nofana nabangaphumeleliko, nganofana ngimaphi amabanga, kodwana ngokukhambisana nesigatjana 1, ikhotho, ngokuhlonipha umthetho wesi-Islamu, nayinikela ilungelo lobunikazi al-had nah nofana ukutlogonyelwa al-wal yah komntwana ongasimondarha, inikele ubunikazi nofana ukutlhogomela umuntu loyo njengombana ikhotho izakubona kufanelekile, kibo boke ubujamo.
Umyalo omalungana nobunikazi bomntwana, ukutlhogomela nofana ukubona umntwana, owenziwe ngokomThetho lo, ungathi nanyana kukunini utjhugululwe nofana wesulwe, nofana nakumalungana nokubona umntwana, ujanyiswe yikhotho nakube ikhotho ifunyana kunesizathu esaneleko salokho: Kwaphela nakube iphenyo liyenziwa mJameli womNdeni malungana nehlalakuhle yomntwana ongasimondarha, ngaphambi kokwenziwa umyalo ofaneleko malungana nokubuyekezwa, ukwesula nofana ukujamisa, nanyana ngayiphi idlela.
Isondlo
Imibandela yomThetho ka 1998 weSondlo, (umThetho 99 ka 1988 ) izakusebenza, namatjhuguluko afunwa bujamo malungana nomsebenzi wanofana ngubani ukondla nofana ngubani omunye umuntu. Ngaphandle kokunyaza imibandela yomThetho lowo, imibandela yesigatjana ukuya ku izakusebenza.
Ngaphandle kwemibandela yesigaba 15 somThetho weSondlo ka 1998, nofana, umthetho ovamileko, ikhotho yokondla izakuthi nayikhupha umyalo wokondla, nofana nayiqunta inani elikhutjhwa njengesondlo, itjheje bona-
a indoda inesibopho sokondla umkayo lokha umtjhado wesiMuslimu nawusesekhona, ngokwamandla wendoda leyo kanye nangokweendingo ezizwakalako zomkayo;
b ubaba unesibopho sokondla abantwana bakhe ukufikela la bakghona khona ukuzondla;
c nakube kupheliswa umtjhado wesiMuslimu ngokutlhalana -
ii lapha umfazi anikelwe ilungelo lokuhlala nabantwana ngokwesigaba 11, indoda ikatelelekile ukubhadalela umfazi, sekubalwa nokumbonelela ngendawo yokuhlala nakube umfazi loyo akanayo indawo, bekuphele isikhathi sokuhlala nabantwana;
iv isibopho sendoda sokondla umntwana obelethwe emtjhadweni onjalo sifaka isibonelelo sokudla, izambatho, indawo eseqadi yokuhlala, ukwelatjhwa kanye nefundo.
Nanyana ngiliphi inani lesondlo eliquntwe njalo lizakuba linani elingabonwa yikhotho lifanelekile ngamabanga woke.
Umyalo wesondlo owenziwe ngokomThetho lo ungathi nanyana kukunini usulwe nofana utjhugululwe nofana ujanyiswe yikhotho nakube ikhotho ifunyana iinzathu ezaneleko zokwenza njalo.
Isondlo esingakabhadalwa nesele sidlulelwe sikhathi sokubhadalwa ekufuze sibhadalwe umfazi asikwazi ukwesulwa ngokuquntelwa, ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa mibandela yomThetho wokuQuntela ka 1969 umThetho 68 ka 1969 nofana nanyana ngimuphi omunye umthetho.
UKULAMULA OKUKATELELEKILEKO
Nakunombango ovuka lokha umtjhado wesiMuslimu nawusesekhona nofana ovuke emtjhadweni onjalo, nofana ngubani oyingcenye yomtjhado lowo, uzakuqalisa umbango lowo, nofana kungasiphi isikhathi, nanyana kungaphambi nofana kungemuva kokuthathwa kwamagadango womthetho atjhiwe kusigaba 9 (f) kodwana ngaphambi kokulalelwa kwawo yikhotho, umKhandlu wokuLamula, okhethwe ngokulandela indlela ebekiweko.
UmKhandlu wokuLamula uzakulinga ukurarulula umbango ngokulamula emalangeni ama- 30 ukusuka ngelanga olethwe ngalo. Umlingani ngamunye angajanyelwa mjameli amthandako ekulamuleni okunjalo.
UmKhandlu wokuLamula, nakuraruluka umbango, uzakuletha isivumelwano sokulamula ekhotho emalangeni alikhomba ukusuka ngelanga lesirarululo begodu ikhotho leyo, nakube yanelisekile kobana abantwana abangasimondarha bavikelekile, iqinisekise isivumelwano sokulamula.
Nakube umKhandlu wokuLamula uqinisekisile bonyana umbango uhlala ungakararululeki nofana nakube umbango uhlala ungakararululeki ngemva kokuphela kwamalanga ama-30 ukusuka elangeni olethwe ngalo, umbango lowo ungahlulelwa ekhotho yikhotho ngokwesigaba 15.
Ngaphandle kokujamelana nanofana yini emumethwe mThetho wokuLamula ka 1965, (umThetho 42 ka 1965), nofana nanyana ngimuphi omunye umthetho, abalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu bangavumelana ukuletha umbango ovuke ngesikhathi umtjhadwabo usesekhona nofana emtjhadweni onjalo kumlamuli kobana urarululwe ngokulamulwa.
Ngokuya ngesigatjana 4, imibandela yomThetho ka 1965, izakusebenza ekulamuleni okwenziwe ngokwesigabesi.
Umlamuli uzakuqinisekisa bonyana -
a isililo sabalingani emtjhadweni wesiMuslimu sokobana kurarululwe umbango ekundleni yokulamula siyamukelwa; begodu b Nanyana ngibaphi abanye abantu abangaba nekareko emphumeleni wokulamula bayaziswa ngokulamulokho.
Akunamphumela wokulamula othinta ihlalakuhle yomntwana ongasimondarha nofana ijamo lanofana ngubani elizakwenziwa ngaphandle kobanyana kufakazelwe yiKhotho ePhakemeko ngesibawo ekhotho leyo nangokwazisa boke abantu abanekareko emphumeleni wokulamula.
Nakutjhejwa isibawo sokufakazelwa komphumela wokulamula, ikhotho kumele yaneliseke bonyana umphumela loyo uzakubhadekela boke abantwana abangasimondarha, begodu malungana nalokhu-ke, ikhotho inga -
a fakazela umphumela;
b memezela woke umphumela nofana ingcenye yawo bona awusebenzi;
c jamiselele umphumela loyo ngomunye umphumela ikhotho ewubona ulungile;
d lungisa umphumela ngendlela efaneleko; nofana e hlalisa kuhle indaba yokuLamula ngeendlela ezifaneleko.
Akunalitho esigatjaneni 5 elizakuthathwa kwanga likhawula amandla welawulo lekhotho ngaphasi kwanofana ngimuphi umthetho ukubuyekeza umphumela wokulamula njengombana ukhuluma ngombango wepahla ongathinti amalungelo nofana ikareko yomntwana ongasimondarha.
Nakube nanyana ngimuphi umbango ulethwa ekhotho kobana uzokubangwa, imibandela elandelako izakusebenza a UMongameli wamaJaji nofana ophetheko ekhotho enegunya, uzakukhetha ijaji leMuslimu ekhothwapho kobana lilalele umbango lowo; nakube akunajaji leMuslimu, uNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa komThethosisekelo uzakukhetha umjameli ofaneleko weMuslimu nofana igcwetha okungenani elineminyaka eli-10 lisebenza njengesikhulu esiphetheko;
c abasekeli bazakukhethwa nguNgqongqotjhe ngesimemezelo seGazethe, baphathe i-ofisi iminyaka emihlanu ukusuka ngelanga lesimemezelo esifaneleko: Kwaphela nange ukukhethwa kwabasekeli abanjalo nanyana kukunini kungapheliswa nguNgqongqotjhe nganofana ngisiphi isizathu esizwakalako;
d nanyana ngubani omuntu okhethwe njalo uzakuba negunya lokukhethwa godu isikhathi esitjhwiweko, ngokubona kwakaNgqongqotjhe.
Abasekeli abakhethwe ngokwesigabesi bazakusebenza ngesikhundla sokululeka. Nakufumaniseka bona ijaji eliphetheko alisilandeli iseluleko somsekeli, umsekeli loyo imibonwakhe uzayitlola phasi, bese nangabe indaba leyo idluliselwa phambili eKhotho yeenLilo, imibono yomsekeli leyo izakubnikelwa umTlolisi weKhotho eKulu yokuDlulisela iinLilo ibe yingcenye yerekhodi ekufuze bona ikhotho leyo iliqale.
Nanyana ngiliphi iqunto lingadluliselwa eKhotho eKulu yokuDlulisela iinLilo, ngokukhambisana nemiThetho esebenza eKhotho, ngaphandle kokuthi umdlulisi wesililo angeze akatelelwe bona akhuphe isibambiso seendleko zesibawo sokudluliswa kwesililo.
Nakube kunesililo esidluliselwa eKhotho eKulu yokuDlulisela iinLilo, isiqunto esinjalo sizakunikelwa iinjamiso ezimbili zamaMuslimi, ezigunyazwe ngokulandela ikambiso nemibandela ebekiweko, kobanyana kube ngizo ezizakuphefumula ngokutlola ngokuphathelene nomthetho ekufuze bona kuthunyelwe kumTlolisi weKhotho eKulu yokuDlulisela iinLilo ngesikhathi esimatjhumi amathandathu wamalanga ukusukela ngelanga isaziso esithulwe ngalo.
IKhotho eKulu yokuDlulisela iinLilo, nayihlola isililo esithunyelwe kiyo esitjhiwo esigatjaneni 4, izakutjheja ikulumo etloliweko ekuphefunyulwa ngayo, ekukhulunywa ngayo kileso isigatjana.
UNgqongqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa komThethosisekelo, ngokuthintana neBhodo eSiza ngezomThetho ehlonywe ngokwesigaba 2 somThetho wokuSiza ka 1969, umThetho 22 ka 1969, uzakwenza isibonelelo esifaneleko malungana nokunikelwa kwesizo lezomthetho emntwini otlhogileko.
Ukupheliswa Komtjhado Wesikhuwa Okhona
Nakube umlingani osemtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona uthatha igadango lokutlhala ngokomThetho wokuTlhala ngemva kokuthoma ukusebenza komThetho lo, ikhotho ayizokuphelisa umtjhado wesikhuwa ngokunikela incwadi yokutlhala kufikela lapha ikhotho yaneliseka khona bonyana umtjhado okhambisanako wesiMuslimu uphelisiwe.
Nakuyindoda yala, nganofana ngisiphi isizathu, ukumemezela i- Tal q engatjhugulukiko, umfazi womtjhado wesiMuslimu lowo uzakuba nelungelo lokwenza isibawo sencwadi ye-Faskh ngokomThetho lo malungana nehloso leyo kwaphela, lapha imibandela yomThetho lo izakusetjenziswa khona, namatjhuguluko afunwa bujamo..
Indaba ingathi, ngemibandela etjhwiwe esigatjaneni 2, ithunyelwe emuva ekhotho kobana kuyoquntwa ubunikazi bepahla nofana enye ipahla yomtjhado ngokomThetho wokuTlhala kanye nomthetho okhambisanako womtjhado.
Lapha, ngokungezelela emtjhadweni wesikhuwa okhona, indoda seyingene komunye godu umtjhado nofana imitjhado yesiMuslimu etloliswe ngaphasi komThetho lo, umlingani nofana abalingani abakhona bendoda leyo kumele bahlanganiswe egadangweni lokutlhala elitjhwiwe esigatjaneni 1.
Imibandela yesigatjana 1 izakusebenza namatjhuguluko anjalo njengombana kungafunwa bujamo, kubalingani emtjhadweni wesikhuwa abakhethe ukwamukela imibandela yomThetho lo njengombana kutjhiwo esigabeni 2.
Amagadango Angaphikiswako
Lokha iinkambiso nazenziwe ngaphasi komThetho lo malungana nokuqinisekiswa nofana ukunikelwa incwadi yokuphelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu nofana okhunye ukuphunyuzwa, bese iinkambiswezo aziphikiswa, nofana lokha abalingani nabenze isivumelwano, indaba izakulalelwa lijaji lesiMuslimu ngaphandle kwabasekeli.
Umyalo wokuphelisa umtjhado wesiMuslimu awuzonikelwa nofana uqinisekiswe ngaphasi komThetho lo ngaphandle kwanange ijaji eliphetheko lanelisekile bonyana abantwana ababelethwe emtjhadweni lowo bavikelekile.
Imithetjhwana
UNgqonqotjhe wezoBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa komThethosisekelo, ngemva kokubonisana noNgqongqotjhe, angenza imithetjhwana a ephathelene -
i neemfuneko okumele ziphethwe kanye nelwazi okumele linikelwe umtjhadisi malungana nokutloliswa nokupheliswa komtjhado wesiMuslimu;
ii nendlela umtjhadisi okumele azanelise ngayo ngokuba khona nofana ngobuqiniso bomtjhado wesiMuslimu;
iii nendlela nanyana ngubani angahle ahlanganyele ekuqinisekiseni kokubakhona nofana ekutloliseni kwanofana ngimuphi umtjhado wesiMuslimu;
v nokubulungeka, iintifikeyiti, ukwenziwa, ukulungiswa, ukuvezwa butjha nokulahlwa kwanofana ngimuphi umtlolo ophathelene nokutloliswa kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu nofana kwanofana ngimuphi umtlolo oqintelwe ngokwemithetjhwana;
vi nanyana ngiyiphi indaba efunekako nofana evunyelwe bonyana iquntelwe ngokomThetho lo, vii nokukhethwa, ukutloliswa, imithetho yokuziphatha kanye nokuhlongakala nokungabi namandla kwabasekeli, sekubalwa nokubhadalwa kweembonelelo zabasekeli.
viii nanyana ngiyiphi enye indaba efunekako nofana eqakathekileko ukuhlinzeka malungana nokutloliswa okunepumelelo kwemitjhado yesiMuslimu nofana ukuphathwa ngekghono komThetho lo; begodu b ukuqunta imali ebhadalelwa ukutloliswa komtjhado wesiMuslimu nokunikelwa kwanofana ngisiphi isitifikeyiti malungana nalokho.
Nofana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwa ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 ongahle ube nomphumela weendleko malungana nomBuso kumele wenziwe ngokuthintana noNgqongqotjhe wezeeMali.
Nanyana ngimuphi umthetjhwana owenziwe ngaphasi kwesigatjana 1 ungahlinzeka bonyana nanyana ngubani owephula imibandelo leyo nofana ohluleka ukukhambisana nalokhu uzakuba necala bese nakagwetjwako aqalane nehlawulo nofana ukubotjhwa isikhathi esingeqi umnyaka owodwa.
Iindleko Egadangweni Lokutlhala
Ikhotho ayizokubotjhelelwa bona yenze umyalo weendleko malungana nomlingani ophumeleleko egadangweni lokutlhala, kodwana ikhotho, ngokutjhejisisa iindlela zokwenza zabalingani nokuziphatha kwabo okufaneleko, ingenza umyalo onjalo ngendlela ebona kufanele ngayo, begodu ikhotho ingayala bonyana iindleko zeenkambiso zihlukaniselwe abalingani.
Nakube umbango ophathelene nokobana umtjhado wesiMuslimu ogidingwe enarheni etjhili umele nofana awakameli ukwamukelwa njengomtjhado osemthethweni wesiMuslimu ngaphasi komThetho lo, umbango onjalo uzakuquntwa yikhotho ngokuqalisisa woke amaphuzu afaneleko, ekubalwa hlangana nawo nemigomo yerarano lemithetho.
Ukutjhugululwa Kwemithetho
Imithetho etjhwiwe kuTjhejuli ngalokhu iyatjhugululwa ngendlela ihlelwe ngakhona kukholomu yesithathu yeTjhejuli.
UmThetho lo kuthiwa mThetho ka 20 wemiTjhado yesiMuslimu, begodu uthoma ukusebenza ngelanga elibekwe nguMongameli ngesimemezelo kuGazethe.
ISIHLOMELELO A
ISIHLOMELELO B
ISIHLOMELELO C
ISIHLOMELELO D
