Imbali yaseMzantsi Afrika yeenkonzo zosasazo ibonakalisa iintanda noqhekeko entlalweni, ndawonye nakulwabiwo lwamandla. Umceli-mngeni wenguqu yedemokhrasi uchaphazela wonke amacandelo entlalo, kubandakanywa amaziko kunye neenkqubo zeenkonzo zosasazo.
Urhulumente uzimisele ekusekeni i-arhente yokuphakamisa ukufikelela kwabo bangahoyekanga kwiinkonzo zosasazo kunye nokuphakamisa ukuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo. Oku kulandela isigqibo seKhabhinethi esisekelwe kwiziphakamiso ze-Comtask ngo 1996. Oku kuhambisana noMgaqo-siseko, uMqulu waMalungelo, kunye neNkqubo yoKwakha Ngokutsha noPhuhliso, yaye kukwakhuthazwa siSicwangciso seLizwe sokuThabatha aManyathelo okuPhakamisa nokuKhusela aMalungelo oLuntu, esigxininisa inkululeko yokuvakaliso izimvo kunye nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo, kunye nemfuneko yeendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba oku kuyafezekiswa. Oku kulandela iinzame ezaphanzayo zasekuhlaleni zokuseka elo qumrhu kwiminyaka yokuqala yango 1990.
Inkuthazo yokuseka i-Arhente yoPhuhliso nokuPhangalala kweeNkonzo zoSasazo, i-Media Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA), ilele kwimfuneko yequmrhu leengcaphephe zeenkonzo zosasazo kunye noosaziwayo, eliyakuvelisa ubungcali kuphuhliso nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo, kwaye liqinisekise ukufezekiswa kwazo, ngokunika inkxaso-mali, ukuphembelela inkqubela kunye nophando. Eli qumrhu liyakusebenza ngokweyona mimiselo iphambili yolawulo lobumbano kwaye libenemimiselo yokuthunywa kunye nezinto ezifunekayo. Liyakusebenza qelele kurhulumente, kwishishini leenkonzo zosasazo kunye nabanye abaxhasi.
Njengoko ilizwe likekelela ngamandla kwintlalo yenkcazelo nolwazi, kungundoqo ukuba bonke abemi babenako ukufikelela kuluhlu oluphangeleleyo lwenkcazelo nezimvo ukuze bathabathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwilizwe eliya lihlangana ngamandla kumanqanaba endawo, awelizwe nawehlabathi. Ukufikelela kwinkcazelo kungundoqo kwinkqubo karhulumente yokwakha ngokutsha nophuhliso.
Ukuchaza uphuhliso nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo:
Uphuhliso lweenkonzo zosasazo lubandakanya ukuphakamisa imo evumayo yokunceda ekulungiseni ukungabandakanywa kunye nokungahoywa ekufikeleleni kwiinkonzo zosasazo - njengabanikazi, abaphathi kunye nabavelisi beenkonzo zosasazo. Ukuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo kukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amacandelo kunye nabo babandakanyekayo banako ukufikelela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezimvo kunye namaziko enkcazelo abonisa intlalo yethu ngokupheleleyo.
Ukufezekiswa kokuphangalala kukwaphenjelelwa kukufumaneka kweendlela zokusasaza kwiinkonzo ngeenkonzo eziphangaleleyo zosasazo, ezincinane nezinkulu.
Iinkonzo zosasazo eMzantsi Afrika:
Nangona nje kukuninzi esele kwenziwe ukusukela ngoko kwavela idemokhrasi ukuze kujongwane neengxaki zophuhliso nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo, kucacile ukuba oku khange kwanele. Ukushinyana kobuxhakaxhaka beenkonzo zosasazo ngokomlinganiselo, kusephantsi. Ubunikazi beenkonzo zosasazo busahlanganiswe ndawonye kwaye abuzifezekisi iimfuno zabo bebonke abo babandakanyekayo. Ukumelwa kwabantu bebonke akwanelanga kumanqanaba okuphatha, okuhlela nakwisitafu ngokubanzi.
Amava aseMzantsi Afrika abonisile ukuba imifutho yemarike, amathuba eelayisensi zokusasaza kunye neenguqu kubunikazi, nangona nje le miba ibalulekile, ayinako yona ngokwayo ukufezekisa le nguqu ngokupheleleyo. Amanyathelo afana ne-MDDA ayimfuneko ukuze kuqhutyelwe phambili ngale nkqubo.
Ukufunxa kumava:
Amava ehlabathi abonisa ukuba amaqumrhu enkxaso okuphakamisa uphuhliso kunye nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo asiyonto entsha. Ake asetyenziswa phaya eYurophu ukusukela ngeminyaka ka 1950 ngokusekelwe kuluvo lokuba imifutho yemarike yona ngokwayo ayinako ukufezekisa ukuphangalala okwaneleyo. Ngokwenyani, ubungqina bobokuba, imarike yona ngokwayo idla ngokukekelela kuqokelelwano olungamandla, nto leyo engathintela inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo kunye nezimvo eziphangaleleyo.
Iinzame zokuqala zokuseka iqumrhu lenkxaso lokuzithandela, i-Independent Media Diversity Trust, laphanza ngenxa yokungabikho kwenkxaso-mali. Oku kuqinise izimvo zokuba, ngamanyathelo amiliselwe ngokuqinileyo kwintsebenziswano yorhulumente neenkonzo zosasazo , kwaye aqhotyoshwe ligunya lomthetho, ayakuba negalelo elizinzisekayo.
I-MDDA iyakuba neBhodi yabantu abalithoba abakhethwe yiPalamente ngokwenkqubo yasesidlangalaleni, baze ke batyunjwe nguMongameli. Abachongwa bakarhulumente, abeenkonzo zosasazo ezishicilelayo, iinkonzo ezisasazayo kunye neenkonzo zosasazo zabahlali, bayakubekelwa iindawo kwiBhodi, ngelilixa abahlanu bayakutyunjwa luluntu.
Ibhodi iyakubeka iGosa leSigqeba eliyiNtloko (CEO), lona eliyakuthi, ngokubonisana neBhodi, lityumbe isitafu esimbalwa esinezakhono eziphezulu kwaye esinezinto ezaneleyo zokusebenza.
Ngaphezulu kwendima yayo esisiseko yokuxhasa iinkonzo zosasazo, i-MDDA iyakuthumela ukwenziwa kophando kwaye yenze iziphakamiso kurhulumente, ishishini losasazo kunye namanye amaqumrhu afanelekileyo. I-MDDA iyakunxulumana nawo wonke amaqumrhu abandakanyeka nkqo nangabandakanyeki nkqo kuphuhliso nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo. I-MDDA iyakubamba intlanganiso yabo bonke ababandakanyekayo, qho ngonyaka, apho ke loo maqumrhu ayakuphonononga ingxelo yonyaka ye-MDDA.
Abazuzi kunye nohlobo lwenkxaso:
Abona bazuzi baphambili benkxaso eya nkqo nengayi nkqo, iyakuba ziinkonzo zosasazo zabahlali, ndawonye neenkonzo ezincinane zorhwebo, ezibandakanya oonomathotholo, ithelevijini kunye neenkonzo zosasazo zoshicilelo nezintsha. Kuyakugxininiswa ngokukodwa kwiiprowujekthi ezizisa abahlali namacandelo adlelwa indlala - ngakumbi amakhosikazi, abantu basezilalini, abakhubazekileyo, abantu abangakwaziyo ukubhala nokufunda, abasebenzi kunye nabantu abangamahlwempu - kwicandelo lenkcazelo nonxibelelwano.
Uhlobo lwenkxaso iyakuba lolwemali, nolungelo lwemali, kwaye luyakubandakanya uncediso oluya nkqo nolungayi nkqo lwesabhsidi; inkxaso-mali yongxamiseko, uphuhliso lwamandla okwenza izinto; uqeqesho; ukuvavanya iprowujekthi kunye nophando kwiinkonzo zosasazo. Kwakhona iyakwenza iziphakamiso zokuxhasa iinkonzo zosasazo ezifuna imali-mboleko, ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo zayo zokuvavanya.
Ummiselo oyakukhokela i-MDDA ekwenzeni izigqibo zenkxaso-mali kunye neziphakamiso zemali-mboleko iyakuba ligalelo elenziwa ziiprowujekthi kuphuhliso nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo. Iyakuzama ukuphakamisa ukuzinziseka kunye nokunika inkxaso-mali kwiiprowujekthi ezineenkqubo zolawulo ezifanelekileyo. Ezinye izinto eziyakuqwalaselwa zibandakanya ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwabahlali kunye nezicwangciso zolingano.
I-MDDA idinga imali eyaneleyo ukuze ifezekise iindleko zokunxulumana, ezoqeqesho, iindleko zezinto kunye nezokusebenza, ndawonye nophando lokufaneleka kunye nokuvavanywa kweprowujekthi. Kwakhona, iyakuthumela ukwenziwa kophando kuphuhliso nokuphangalala kweenkonzo zosasazo. Iimfuno zayo zokusebenza, kubandakanywa ukuvavanywa kokusebenza kweeprowujethi, kufanele zingagqithi kwi 12% yeendleko zizonke.
