Umbhiyozo wolutsha eMzantsi Afrika

Imvelaphi
Ngowe-1974, uRhulumente wengcinezelo wagqiba ekubeni abuyisele uMthetho owathi wazanywa nguDr H F Verwoerd ngo-1953 ngexesha awayephethe eZemfundo ngalo kodwa akaphumelela. Urhulumente owayephethe ngelo xesha wathi wabeka uMthetho kamasilingane “50/50” wokuba isiAfrikaans kufuneka sibe siso esisetyenziswayo ekufundiseni imathematika, nezentlalo nangona ezenzululwazi, ezokuchwela, ezobuchule nobugcisa zazifundiswa ngesiNgesi. Abona bantu babeyichase ngakumbi le nto yayingootitshala nabazali. 

Ngowe-1975, iiBhodi zeSikolo yezikolo ezisixhenxe yayalela abafundisi-ntshapho ukuba bangafundisi ngesiBhulu, nto leyo  eyakhokelela ekubeni iSebe lezeMfundo yeNgcinezelo igxothe oosihlalo beBhodi abahlanu. 

Ngo-1976, ingqumbo kumbuso weMfundo yeNgcinezelo yaya ikhula ngokukhula. Kwiziganeko ezazikhokelela kuvukelo-mbuso lowe- 16 kaJuni, abafundi baseSoweto babhala umbhalo omfutshane wokuvakalisa ukungoneliseki kwabo othi “Enter to Learn, Leave to Serve” (“Singenela ukufunda, siphume siye kukhonza”) owabekwa emasangweni esinye sezikolo eziphakamileyo.

NgeyoKwindla kuloo nyaka isiAfrikaans sasisele sinyanzelisiwe ukuba sibe siso ekufundiswa ngaso kwezinye zezikolo zaseSoweto, kwaye nokuchaswa koMthetho kamasilingane (50/50) kwakuqalisa ukonyukela kumazinga aphezulu. 

Ngowe-17 kaCanzibe ezinye zezikolo zathi zaqulunqa iindlela ezithile zokwala ukusetyenziswa kwesiAfrikaans njengolwimi lokufundisa. 

Ngo-Juni, ezinye zezikolo azizange zivume ukubhala iimviwo zazo zezentlalo ngesiAfrikaans kwaye zisoyikisa ngokwenza ukuba iimviwo zeSilimela zingalawuleki. 

NgeCawa umhla we-13 kweyeSilimela, kwathi kwabanjwa intlanganiso apho kwathi kwagqitywa ekubeni makwenziwe umgcelele kwisithili saseSoweto ngomhla we-16 nowe-17 kwakuyo loo nyanga, mgcelele lowo owawuzakuphela ngokuthi kubekho ugwayimbo lwabafundi ngoLwesihlanu umhla we-18 kweyeSilimela. Kwintlanganiso yangeCawa kwathi kwasekwa ikomiti eyabizwa ngokuba yiSoweto Action Committee (SAC) yona eyayinamalungu amabini aphuma kwisikolo ngasinye esikhoyo apho eSoweto. Le komiti yayisekelwe ukuba ijongane nokulungiselela umngcelele owawuzakuba ngozolileyo nongenabundlobongela.

I-SAC kunye namalungu onke awayelapho kuloo ntlanganiso afungiswa ukuba awasayi kuzithetha izigqibo ezithatyathwe apho ukwenzela ukuba abancethezi bangabi nalwazi lwanto. Kwiintsuku ezintathu ezilandelayo bathi bawusasaza lo mpoposho kwaye bekhupha nomyalelo ongxamisekileyo wento ekufuneka yenziwe ngaloo mini. 

Ngentsasa yangoLwesithathu, 16 kweyeSilimela we-1976, abafundi kwiSoweto iphela badibana kwindawo ezingaphezulu kwe 12 belungiselela umngcelele lowo. Abagcinicwangco bahambisa iikhadibhodi ezazinemibhalo ebhalwe ngesandla evakalisa ukungoneliseki kwabo ofana nalo “Down with Afrikaans” and “Afrikaans is a Tribal language”.(“Phantsi ngesiAfrikaans” nothi “isiAfrikaans lulwimi lweGcuntswana leSizwe”).


Intsingiselo yomhla we-16 kweyeSilimela
Olo suku lwathi lwabonakalisa izinga ephezulu kakhulu lokuchaswa kwenkqubo lulutsha loMzantsi-Afrika olwaluqale kwangaphambili lwaze lwaqhuba kwade kwafika inkululeko ngowe-1994. Uvukelo-mbuso lwase Soweto, uvuthondaba lwentshiseko yolutsha olwalubonakalisa ukuchasa okwakusenzeka, yahlaba ikwelo kwilizwe ngokubanzi ukuba benze ugwayimbo olwalunobundlobongela olwalwenziwe ngabaphathi bengcinezelo. Intlaninge yabantu yasweleka, amakhulu abanjwa kwaye abaninzi babo bathi balishiya eli lizwe ukuya kuzibandakanya nemibutho eyayiselubhacweni eyayisilwa nengcinezelo neyathi yavalwa umlomo. Intsingiselo yomhla we-16 kweyeSilimela se-1976 ibonakalisa indlela abantu abathi bazincama, bazinikezela kwinkululeko nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwamemi belizwe.

Oku kwathi kananjalo kwanika inkqubela kwindlela ekufundiswa ngayo enika isidima kuluntu, kwiinkcubeko ezahlukahluneneyo, inkululeko yokuzikhethela kunye nokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu banamalungelo alinganayo. 

Iintsukumo zolutsha zeminyaka yama-70 yaba negalelo elingenamlinganiselo ekubumbeni ikamva lelizwe lethu. Nanjengeenkokheli zexesha elizayo, bathi bakwazi ukuliqingqa  ulwazelelelo lwabo nokubabhala phantsi kwitshathi indlela abanqwenela ukuyilandela. Ngenxa yemibono yabo, iintsukumo kunye nokuzincama kwabo bathi bawenza wavutha ngamandla umlo ngokuphathelele kulawulo lwengcinezelo, nowathi ekugqibeleni wakhokelela kwinkululeko.

Ulutsha lwaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu kwaye norulumente wenkululeko uzimisele ngokuphuhlisa ulutsha, noluziinkokheli zangomso nabagcini benkululeko yethu esiyifumene nzima. Umdla wolutsha ngoku uthi umelwe yiYouth Development Agency (YDA) yona eyathi yathatha indawo yeNational Youth Commission kunye no-Umsobomvu Youth Fund, njengeziko likaRhulumente lokuchophela imiba ebandakanya ulutsha.

Imingeni yolutsha
Ulutsha lwanamhlanje lujongene nemingeni emininzi equka iqondo eliphakamileyo lentswela-ngqesho, indlala nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ulutsha oluninzi alunamisebenzi, ukusukela kwabo baphumelele ibanga leshumi ukuya kwabo baphumelele imfundo enomsila kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. 

Ulutsha lo Mzantsi-Afrika lukwajamelene nomngeni othi ubangelwe zizifo ezosulelayo ngokwabelana ngesondo eziquka ingculaza kunye nentsolongwane yayo iHIV. 

Andile amakhaya aphethwe lulutsha nabantwana okudalwa kukusweleka kwabazali ngenxa yezifo ezingenelelayo ezifana ne-TB.

Owona mngeni ubalulekileyo ojongene nelizwe uxhomekeke ekwenzeni ulutsha luziqonde ukuba lungoobani na, luyazi imvelaphi yalo nokuba lukhuthazwe ekuthini luhlale lungamathandazwe. Lo ngumzabalazo ophunyelelwayo ingakumbi xa siqwalasela umdla othe wabonakaliswa lulutsha kulonyulo lwesine lwenkululeko.

Amathuba kulutsha

Urhulumente wentando yesininzi uthe waseka amaqumrhu afana neNational Youth Development Agency (NDA) yona ejongene nazo zonke izinto ezixulumene nolutsha, ukusuka kumgaqo-nkqubo ukuya kuphuhliso. UMphathiswa okwi-ofisi kaMongameli nguye ojongene nale Arhente. I-NDA yi-arhente esekwe ngurhulumente ezakuhlangabezana ngqo nemingeni yezoqoqosho ulutsha olujamelene nayo, kwaye nanjenge-arhente enika uphuhliso ngezimali ikwayiyo efanele ukuba idale amathuba emisebenzi, ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono, nokwabelana ngezakhono kulutsha loMzantsi-Afrika.

Ingqwalasela kunye nogxininiso kwezemfundo lubonakaliswa yinto yokuba iMfundo esiSiseko neMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho zinabaPhathiswa abohlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba la masebe abo afumana ingqwalasela efanelekileyo.

Indima edlawa yiPalamente ekuphuhliseni ulutsha.
IPalamente ineekomiti ezifana neKomiti yeMicimbi yeSebe labaseTyhini, uLutsha, aBantwana kunye naBantu abaKhubazekileyo, kunye neKomiti eKhethekileyo ejongene nabaseTyhini, uLutsha, aBantwana kunye naBantu abaKhubazekileyo, ezisekeleze ukuhlangabezana nemiba yolutsha. Ezi Komiti zinoxanduva lokongamela imicimbi ejongene nolutsha kwaye kufuneka zijongane nemithetho ethi ichaphazele ulutsha.

IPalamente nanjengoko iyiyo enelungelo lokwenza imithetho, ithe yapasisa imithetho emininzi efana neBroad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003, the Skills Development Act 1998, and the Employment Equity Act.

IPalamente nanjengoko inelungelo lokongamela, yiyo eyongamele ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho emiselweyo kuquka leyo isungulelwe lulutsha lwelizwe.



Ulutsha loMzantsi–Afrika lungabandakanyeka njani ePalamente
Ukwenza ukuba iPalamente ifikeleleke lula, kukho iinkqubo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-“Member’s Interface” apho ulutsha lungathi ludibane neLungu lePalamente malunga nemibandela ephathelene nalo. Lunokuthi lwenze ukuba ilizwi lalo livakale ngokuvakalisa izimvo zalo ngomlomo okanye ngokubhala phantsi.

Ulutsha lukwayinxalenye yoluntu oluthi ludibane kwiiNtlanganiso zeKomiti apho imisebenzi emininzi yePalamente ithi yenzeke khona, kwaye lusenokuya nakwiingxoxo zePalamente ukuze babukele, bafunde baze baziphuhlise ngolwazi.

IPalamente inamanyathelo ohlukahlukeneyo ajolise kumabakala ngamabakala umzekelo, iPalamente yolutsha (ethi yona ibanjwe ngeNyanga yoLutsha) apho kuthi kuxoxwa ngemiba ephathelene nolutsha nalapho ithi ibe lulutsha lodwa olunikwa ilungelo lokuthetha, neenkqubo ezilungiselelwe lona. 

UMgaqo-siseko unyanzelisa iPalamente ukuba ilubandakanye uluntu kwizinto ezenzeka kuyo, kungoko ulutsha nanjengoko lukwayiyo inxalenye yoluntu lumenywa rhoqo ukuba luthathe inxaxheba kumalungiselelo afana noVakaliso-zimvo loLuntu, iNtetho kaMongameli yoVulo-Palamente kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokufikelela kuluntu nezibandakanya uluntu.
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