Weeds (Maize) (995 words)								IsiXhosa
Cinga ngesixhobo esilawula isitshizi ekutshatyalalisweni kokhula 
Imiyalelo:
Folio strap: Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula
Byline: Eli nqaku linikelwe ngumlimi othathe umhlala-phantsi
Emva kokutyala ngexesha lonyaka lokutyala ukususela kwinyanga ka-Oktobha ukuya phakathi kuDisemba 2010, inkoliso yeendawo zemveliso yombona zifumene imvula enkulu kumathuba asondeleleneyo. Kwiifama ezininzi iimeko ezimanzi zithintele nakuphi ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula okuncomekayo phakathi kwemiqolo ngokusebenzisa oomatshini kulo lonke elo xesha lonyaka.
Abalimi abangakhange basebenzise imichiza ukutshabalalisa ukhula kananjalo bengatshizanga phambi kokuhluma kwezityalo okanye abangakwazi ukufaka imichiza emva kokuhluma kungenzeka ukuba babe nengxaki enkulu yokhula kweli xesha lonyaka lizayo. Izityalo ezilukhula ezikwaziyo ukumilisela imbewu zibanga isiphumo sezigidi zembewu ebinokusasazeka emasimini phambi kweli xesha lonyaka elizayo lemveliso yehlobo.
Abalimi abawulima kancinane umhlaba nabo baqubisene neengxaki ezinkulu zokutshatyalaliswa kokhula emasimini xa isixhobo besingasetyenziselwanga kutshiza ngokwesicwangciso sokutshatyalaliswa kokhula phambi kunye/okanye ngethuba lokutyala. Kubaluleke kangangoko ke ukuhlola amasimi aza kutyalwa ukuze kuchongwe isimbo sosasazeko lokhula esinokubakho. Unako ukwenza isicwangciso senkqubo yokufaka imichiza nokutshiza kunye nomncedisi wakho wokutshatyalaliswa kokhula okanye umcebisi wakho.
Ngenxa yeemeko zobumanzi ezikhoyo nemvula eseyifumaneke ngenyanga ka-Agasti kungenzeka ukuba iimeko zobumanzi zithintele ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula ngoomatshini nangokutshatyalaliswa ngemichiza kwakhona kulo nyaka. Uyacetyiswa ke ngoko ukuba xa ubuthembele ekutshabalaliseni ukhula ngoomatshini kuphela, ukuba ucinge ngokuthatha isigqibo sokuthenga isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulawula ukutshiza. 
Iintlobo zezixhobo zokulawula izitshizi
Izixhobo zeencam ezintathu
Ziyafumaneka ezivenkileni zendawo ohlala kuyo iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zokulawula ukutshiza, ezikulungeleyo ukugxunyekwa kwitrektara yakho yeencam ezintathu, kubandakanywa iitanki zeelitha ezingama-600 nezeelitha ezili-1000 kunye neentsika zobude beemitha ezili-12 ukuya kwiimitha ezili-16. Izixhobo ezineetanki zeelitha ezili-1 000 mazisetyenziswe kuphela kwiitrektara ezinesakhono sokuqulatha seencam ezintathu sokuphakama kweetoni ze-1,5 nangaphezulu.
Izixhobo ezenziwe kweli lizwe zibekwa amaxabiso ngokokhutshiswano lwentengiso kwaye iinxalenye zazo zifumaneka lula ngexesha lonyaka elifanelekileyo. Ukuba uthenga isixhobo esivela kumazwe angaphandle, qiniseka ukuba umthengisi unako ukuqinisekisa ubukho beempompo ezifakwa endaweni yezo zidlulelwe lixesha okanye iidayaframu zempompo kananjalo abe nalo noluhlu lwemilomo yezitshizi. Ukufakwa komtshizo ngakunye kudinga imilomo ethile eneemilo ezahluka-hlukileyo zokutshiza nemingxuma. Imimiselo yoxinzelelo yomlomo ngamnye ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ubukhulu bethontsi obuchanekileyo bokutshiza okungqalileyo ukuze kufumaneke isakhono esisesona sifanelekileyo sezitshabalalisi zezonakalisi zezityalo ezifakwayo. 
Izixhobo ezirhuqwayo 
Ukuba uyakwazi ukuthenga isixhobo esirhuqwayo, oko kungaba luncedo ngaphezu kwesixhobo esigxunyekwayo seencam ezintathu. Ukonakala ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwesixokelelwano seencam ezintathu esisebenza ngamanzi akubikho, kwaye itrektara nesixhobo sokulawula isitshizi zenza isixhobo sikamatshini esilungeleleneyo ukuze kunyuke umgangatho wokusebenza kananjalo kunciphe ukugangatheka komhlaba. Izixhobo zeelitha ezingama-2 000 nazo ziyakuvumela ukutshizwa komhlaba othe chatha phambi kokuphinda kuzaliswe itanki ngomxube. Khumbula ukuba lula kokulunga-lungisa izithuba eziphakathi kwamavili kwisixhobo esirhuqwayo xa zimiselwe kunye ngokwetrektara ukwenzela ukuvuleka kwezithuba eziphakathi kwemiqolo yesixhobo sakho sokutyala kananjalo nofikeleleko kwizixhobo zolawulo kuba lula ukusuka kwisihlalo somqhubi.
Esona sixa sincinane siqhelekileyo samanzi afakwayo ngokuphathelene nomxube othile wetanki simalunga neelitha ezingama-200 ngehektare nganye ukuqinisekisa ufikeleleko olufanelekileyo lokutshiza kumphezulu womhlaba. Itanki yeencam ezintathu enesakhono sokuqulatha seelitha ezingama-600 ke ngoko, iya kufikelela kwiihektare ezintathu phambi kokuzaliswa nokuxutywa kwemichiza eya kufakwa kwixesha elizayo.
Xa usenza isicwangciso somsebenzi wokutshiza thathela ingqalelo, ubukhulu bendawo eza kutshizwa, iingxaki zexesha, ubukho nofikeleleko emanzini afanelekileyo, inani leetrektara nezixhobo ezikhoyo, kubandakanywa inqwelo yokulayisha erhuqwayo enesakhono sesiqulatho setanki seelitha ezingama-5000. Kwakhona, kucetyiswa ukufakwa kwinqwelo erhuqwayo yokuthulula amanzi, impompo enesakhono sokuqulatha esikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze itanki yeencam ezintathu okanye itanki erhuqwayo ikwazi ukuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza. 
Malwenziwe ngokuqaphela ucwangciso olulungileyo nolondolozo lwazo zonke izixhobo ukuze kunciphe iingxaki emasimini ngexesha lonyaka lokutyala. Umsebenzi onenzuzo wokulima izityalo wanamhla awunakuphunyezwa lula xa kungekho lwazi lufanelekileyo ngokutshatyalaliswa kokhula ngemichiza nangokufakwa kwayo ngendlela esebenzayo nangokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo zokutshiza. Yiba soloko usebenzisa umncedisi onamava okanye umcebisi wokukuncedisa ngesicwangciso nangokufakwa kwemichiza ezizitshabalalisi zokhula neyokutshabalalisa izinambuzane.
Ukuba akunamandla aneleyo akhoyo etrektara okanye imali eyinkunzi efunekayo ukuze ube nezixhobo zokusebenza qwalasela ukusebenzisa umbhambathiswa onesixhobo sokulawula ukutshiza esithe chatha ngobukhulu. Amaxabiso afanele ukuhlawulwa ababhambathiswa aphakathi kwama-R65 ne-R100 ngehektare nganye kunye ne-diesel. Kunokufikelelwa kwindawo enkulu yentsimi emini nasebusuku ngoncedo lweenkqubo ze-GPS. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka phambi kokuzifaka nakweziphi izicwangciso ukuba umbhambathiswa lowo uyakwazi ukufika ngexesha afuneka ngalo nangokuba iqela ngalinye liqinisekile ngezixhobo zokusebenza eziza kufuneka nezinikwa liqela ngalinye. Abanye ababhambathiswa abanazo iitanki ezirhuqwayo zokusasaza ezizezabo okanye iilori. Ukuba akufikeleli kwisixa samanzi esifuneka kwisixhobo sombhambathiswa esilawula ukutshiza, ilahleko yexesha nomgangatho womsebenzi iya kukhokelela kungquzulwano nokungonwabi kwawo omabini amaqela. 
Iindleko zokufumana izixhobo zokusebenza ezizezakho kunye nenyhweba yokukwazi ukutshiza ngehektare nganye nanini xa ufuna maziqwalaselwe ngokunxulumene neendleko ziphelele zokwenzelwa ukutshiza ngumbhambathiswa. Uncedo olongezelelweyo kukuba uninzi lwababhambathiswa lunolwazi ngemichiza nangemixube yeetanki esetyenziswayo, okanye basebenza ngokuvisisana neengcali zokufaka imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula.
Kufuneka ube nomdla wokubeka iliso kuwo nawuphi umsebenzi wokutshiza ngawo onke amaxesha. Uyacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba uthethe namaqumrhu aliqela emichiza ukuthelekisa iindleko zemichiza efakwayo ngehektare nganye kunye nokuhlalutya umgngatho wenkonzo oya kunikwa. Khumbula ukuba nawuphi umboneleli wemichiza uxakeke kakhulu kweli xesha lonyaka kwaye usenokungakwazi ukukunika ingqalelo eyaneleyo malunga nokuncedisa ngemixube yetanki yemichiza nangezincedisi nangokubeka iliso kumaxabiso okwenziwa komsebenzi. Ngaphandle kwamava kulula kakhulu, nokuba iinjongo bezibalasele, ukufaka imichiza enganeno okanye engaphezu kwemfuneko. 
