Business (Maize) 									Xhosa

Loluphi uhlobo lweshishini ofanele ukulukhetha?

Imiyalelo: 

Folio strap: Ukongezelelwa kwexabiso

Byline: Ulwazi luhlanganiselwe ukusuka kwincwadi yoqeqesho ngoLawulo lwamaFama malunga neeNzuzo nguMarius Greyling



Ukukhetha uhlobo lweshishini sisigqibo esibalulekileyo xa kusekwa ishishini elitsha. Isizathu kukuba uhlobo lweshishini luba neziphumo ezifikelela kude malunga nolawulo, indawo yabanini nabaphathi kunye nemibandela yezemali yeshishini elitsha.



Kuxoxwa ngohlobo ngalunye kwiintlobo ezintandathu ezibalulekileyo zoshishino eMzantsi Afrika. Ingxoxo isekwe kwiimpawu ezisixhenxe ezibalulekileyo. Iintlobo ezizezinye zoshishino zibandakanya ubunini bukabani oyedwa, ubulingane, iqumrhu, imbumba esondeleyo, ishishini eliyitrust kunye nentsebenziswano. Iimpawu ezisixhenxe zibandakanya isimo ngasinye sohlobo loshishino, imiba yobukho bembumba kunye nokunyaniseka, iinkqubo zokuseka ishishini, uxanduva lolawulo, ukwabelana ngenzuzo kunye nemfanelo yerhafu, amathuba okuxhasa ngemali nokuqhubela phambili. Eli nqaku alizi kubandakanya ingxoxo malunga namaqumrhu kunye neembumba zentsebenziswano njengoko ezi ntloko zibanzi, ngoko ke ziya kuba zodwa kumanqaku aya kuza mva. 



Ubunini bukabani oyedwa



Uhlobo

Ubunini bukabani oyedwa bubalulekile kumashishini amancinci njengoko bufuna imali yenkunzi enganeno kwaye bungenabugocigoci ukubuseka nokubulawula. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yobunini bukabani oyedwa ikholisa ukuthinteleka.



Ubukho bembumba nokunyaniseka

Ubunini bukabani oyedwa abunabukho bembumba kwaye ke ngoko buxhomekeke emzimbeni nasengqondweni kabana ephilileyo, kananjalo nakwisimo esihle semali, somnini wabo. Le nyaniso ibeka engozini impahla exabisekileyo yomnini wabo. Ukusilela kwishishini kuya kukhokelela ekubhangeni komnini yena ngokwesakhono sakhe.



Ukusekwa

Ukusekwa kweli shishini kulula xa kuthelekiswa namanye kuba kaloku umnini kufuneka ebhalise igama lobunini aze afumane ilayisensi yokurwheba. Akukho zimfuneko zimbi ezisekelwe abo beshishini lobunini bukabani eyedwa, ngaphandle kolawulo olufana lodwa ekuthi amashishini ngamanye aluthobele. Imithetho yezempilo njengoko isetyenziswa kwiirestyu ingumzekelo wayo.



Ulawulo

Amashishini obunini bukabani oyedwa akholisa ukulawulwa ngabanini ngokwabo. Nangona kunjalo, umnini unokukhetha ukutyumba umphathi ommeleyo. Mayikhunjulwe into yokuba amathuba okunyuselwa anqabile kumashishini obunini bukabani oyedwa.



Njengoko amashishini obunini bukabani oyedwa ekholisa ukulawulwa ngumntu omnye, ayakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza neemeko eziguqu-guqukayo. Umba ongathandekiyo wemeko yolawulo-lomnini kukuba ulwazi lomntu olawula ishishini lusenokunqongophala malunga nomda wemiba yolawulo. Kaloku kunzima emntwini oyedwa ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo yonke imiba yezemali, yokuthengisa, imisebenzi, ukuthenga, ulawulo nabaqeshwa.



Ulwabiwo lwenzuzo nemfanelo yerhafu

Njengoko kungekho mahluko phakathi kwempahla exabisekileyo neemfanelo zomnini kunye nezo zeshishini, naziphi iinzuzo zeshishini nazo zenza inxalenye yengeniso yomnini ngokwakhe. Akukho zirhafu zithe ngqo ngoko ke ezifunwa kwishishini, kodwa umnini urhafiswa ngokwesakhono sakhe seenzuzo zeshishini. Nangona kunjalo umnini ufanele ukutsalelwa iirhafu zesiqhelo zikabani.



Amathuba enkxaso-mali

Ishishini lobunini bukabani oyedwa alunabukho bembumba. Umnini ke ngoko unoxanduva ubukhulu becala lokunika inkxaso kwimisebenzi yeshishini ekhupha kwimithombo yakhe yobutyebi ngokwakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkxaso-mali namathuba okukhula obunini bukabani oyedwa athinteleka ngokwemali anesakhono sayo umnini. Ukuphinda kwandiswe iinzuzo okuvela kwimisebenzi yeshshini ngoko ke nako kubalulekile njengentsusa yemali eyinkunzi yeshishini lobunini bukabani oyedwa.



Ukuqhubela phambili

Ishishini lobunini bukabani oyedwa liyinxalenye yempahla yomnini. Ukufa okanye ukuwa komnini ke ngoko kuphelisa ishishini. Xa lithengisiwe ishishini, liyayeka ukuba khona phantsi kwegama lomthengisi, kodwa liqhuba ngegama lomthengi. Ukuba umnini unqwenela ukuthengisa ishishini, kukho izaziso ekufuneka zinikiwe ukukhusela abanika inkxaso yamatyala kwishishini.



Ukuba umnini unqwenela ukuyeka ishishini, akukho zinkqubo zicwangciselweyo zifunekayo. Njengoko iimfanelo okanye ishishini lihlala liluxanduva lomnini, ukuyeka imisebenzi ngempumezo kuyalivala ishishini.



Ubulingane



Uhlobo

Amashishini obulingane asetyenziswa kakhulu ziingcali ezifana noogqirha okanye amagqwetha. Amashishini obulingane akwafanelekile kwiimeko apho kufuneka izixa ezingekho phezulu zemali eyinkunzi yokuqala ishishini, okanye apho izakhono zolawulo zabantu abangaphezu komntu omnye zifuneka khona. Ubulingane yimvumelwano yobhambathiso phakathi kwababini okanye ngaphezulu. Inani labalingane akufuneki lidlule kuma-20.



Abalingane abalandelayo bayaphawuleka:

Abantu bemveli;

Abantu bembumba;

Abalingane bebanga eliphezulu nabebanga elisezantsi;

Abalingane abaququzelayo nabangabonakali besenza nto; kananjalo

Abalingane abathuleyo nabehlebo.



Abantu abayimbumba banemfanelo yokuba ngamalungu eshishini lobulingane ngendlela efana naleyo yabantu bemveli. Umzekelo ufumaneka xa inani lamashishini liseka imbumba. Abalingane abakwibanga eliphezulu bahlulwa kwabo bebanga eliphantsi ngokwenani leminyaka kubulingane nangokwenani leminyaka kubulingane besixa semali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ilinge eyandiswa kubulingane. Abalingane abaququzelayo banenxaxheba kulawulo lobulingane, kanti abalingane abangabonakali besenza nto abenzi njalo. Abalingane abathuleyo baziwa ngamaqela aphathelene nobulingane kodwa abasebenzi ngokuthunywa bubulingane. Ukuchongeka komlingane olihlebo, kananjalo, kuyafihlwa.



Injongo yobulingane kukufumana iinzuzo ngokwenza imisebenzi yoqoqosho ngokomthetho. Ngaphandle kwale njongo, iqela labantu okanye oobani ngokwasemthethweni alinakuzibiza ngokuba lishishini lobulingane. Umlingane ngamnye unyanzelekile ukufaka igalelo kwisiseko semali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini lobulingane. Igalelo elilolo hlobo lisenokuba yimali, iinkonzo, ezinye iindlela, ngenye indlela, okanye ukudityaniswa kwazo zontathu ezo zinto.



Ubukho bembumba nokunyaniseka

Xa ubulingane busaqhuba, bonke abalingane banoxanduva ngokuhlanganiselana malunga neemfanelo, kodwa emva kokuchithwa kwayo abalingane baphendula ngokuhlanganiselana nangabanye-ngabanye ngokunyaniseka kwabo ngazo naziphi iimfanelo.



Ukusekwa

Ishishini lobulingane lisekwa ngemvumelwano yobulingane phakathi kwabo baza kuba ngabalingane. Imvumelwano elolo hlobo iba lubhambathiso phakathi kwabalingane ukuze ibe yinto eyinene, kufuneka yanelise ezona mfuneko zincinci zobhambathiso. Ezinye iimfuneko ezinxulumene kakhulu nemvumelwano yobulingane, zibandakanya:

Inkcazelo yegalelo lomlingane ngamnye kwishishini lobulingane;

Ingxelo elawula indlela impahla yexabiso eya kusetyenziswa ngayo ngenjongo yenzuzo yabo bonke abalingane; kananjalo

Isibhengezo sokuzinikela kwabalingane ekuyileni inzuzo.



Ulawulo

Uxanduva kunye nemisebenzi yabalawuli ilawulwa ngemvumelwano yabalingane. Imvumelwano ke ngoko inako ukumisela ukuba uxanduva lwabaphathi lunikwe umlingane othile, abanye babo okanye lunikwe bonke abalingane.



Ukwabelana ngenzuzo neMfanelo yeRhafu

Ulungelelwaniso lokwabelana ngenzuzo makubandakanywe kwimvumelwano yomlingane ngamnye.. Ukuba ulungelelwaniso alubonakaliswa, umthetho jikelele umisela ukuba iinzuzo zabiwe ngolungelelwaniso olufana negalelo kwishishini lobulingane. Xa ixabiso lamagalelo lingenakufunyaniswa, abalingane banesabelo esilinganayo seenzuzo.



Ishishini lobulingane lona ngokwalo alinamfanelo yerhafu, kodwa abalingane ngokwesakhono sobuqu babo banayo loo mfanelo. Zonke iintlawulo ezenziwa kubalingane lishishini labalingane zibonwa njengenxalenye yengeniso yobuqu babo, kwaye zirhafiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Iirhafu ezitsalwayo kubantu ngabanye ngoko ke ziyamiselwa.



Amathuba okufumana inkxaso-mali

Iindlela ezizezinye nezemali zabantu ababini okanye ngaphezulu ziyadityaniswa kwishishini labalingane. Oku kubanga amathuba athe chatha ngobuhle okufumana inkxaso-mali kuneshishini lobunini bukabani oyedwa. Ukuthembeka okuhlanganiselweyo malunga nenkxaso-mali kwamalungu kuyaqwalaselwa ngamaziko anika inkxaso-mali xa amashishini abalingane efaka izicelo zamatyala okanye zeemali-mboleko. Ityala lifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo kumashishini abalingane, kodwa ukufumaneka kwemali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini kona kuhlala kunzima, njengoko amashishini obulingane engezoziqu zembumba, ngaloo ndlela abe ayasilela ekuqhubeleni phambili.



Ukuqhubela phambili

Ukuqhubela phambili kweshishini lobulingane, kanye njengakwishishini lobunini bukabani oyedwa, kuxhomekeke ekuphileni nakubukho bemali bamashishini obulingane. Nayiphi inguquko kumthetho-siseko wobulingane unako ukubuphelisa ubulingane. Xa kunjalo kufuneka kusekwe ishishini lobulingane elitsha. Ukufa komlingane omnye kuphelisa imvumelwano phakathi kwabo balingane bathile. 



Imbumba esondeleyo (close corporation)



Uhlobo

UMthetho oMiselweyo weMbumba esondeleyo yowe-1984 wadala uhlobo lweshishini, elinemfanelo yobuqu basemthethweni, kodwa elinganyanzelekanga ukuba phantsi kwentlaninge yemithetho nemimiselo ecwangciselweyo elawula amaqumrhu.



Ngoko ke, imbumba esondeleyo ibubunye bezoqoqosho enobuqu basemthethweni, nehlanganiselwe ngokwemigqaliselo yoMthetho oMiselweyo weMbumba esondeleyo (yowe-1984). Ibunjwa ngamalungu angekho ngaphezulu kwishumi, ilungu ngalinye linika igalelo kwisiseko semali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini. Ayinakuzinikela okuphandle ekwenzeni inzuzo.



Imbumba esondeleyo inamalungu, hayi ababelana ngegunya. Amalungu kufuneka abe ngabantu bemveli, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile ukuthembeka okunobungqina bunako, ukuba ngokusebenzisa umthenjwa, naye abe lilungu. Ubudlelwana phakathi kwelungu nembumba esondeleyo buyinto efanayo nobudlelwana obuphakathi kombhexeshi nequmrhu lakhe.



Amagalelo amalungu asenokuza njengemali, impahla yexabiso okanye iinkonzo. Amagalelo asenokwanda okanye ancitshiswe kulo lonke ithuba lobomi bembumba esondeleyo. Ukuncipha kwamagalelo kunokwenziwa yimbumba esondeleyo ngokuthenga kwakhona imidla yayo (imidla bubunye bobunini kwimbumba esondeleyo, njengoko izabelo zinjalo kwiqumrhu). Okuchasene nalo mthetho osebenza kwiqumrhu, imbumba esondeleyo ayinyanzelekanga ukugcina isiseko semali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ilinge siseyinto ebumbeneyo. Imidla yamalungu akukho mfuneko yokuba ilungelelane namagalelo alo. Imidla kwabelwana ngayo ngokwemigqaliselo yemvumelwano yemvisiswano phakathi kwamalungu, kananjalo yenza isiseko solwabelwano ngenzuzo.



Ubukho bembumba nenkathalo

Ngenxa yobuqu bayo ngokwasemthethweni, yonke impahla yexabiso, amatyala, amalungelo neemfanelo zezeakhawunti yembumba esondeleyo. La malungelo neemfanelo ayakhiwa, nangona kunjalo, akhiwa ngenyathelo lamalungu embumba esondeleyo. Ilungu linokuthwaliswa uxanduva yimbumba esondeleyo xa ukuzinikela kumba wokugcina ulwazi njengehlebo kuqhawulwe, okanye xa imibandela yeshishini lembumba esondeleyo iqhutywa ngokungakhathali.



Ukusekwa

Ukuseka imbumba esondeleyo, kufuneka kunikelwe ingxelo yokufunyaniswa kweshishini ekhatshwa yimali yokuliseka kuMbhalisi weeMbumba eziSondeleyo. Oku kusebenza njengoxwebhu lukawonke-wonke kwaye luqulethe igama, idilesi noshishino lwembumba esondeleyo, kananjalo namagama amalungu kunye nobucukubhede ngamagalelo nemidla yawo. Xa umbhalisi enelisekile ngolwazi, uya kubhalisa imbumba esondeleyo aze akhuphe isatifikethi sembumba. Kusayinwa imvumelwano yemvisiswano ngamalungu embumba esondeleyo ukuze kulawulwe imiba yobudlelwana bangaphakathi. Imvumelwano yemvisisiwano luxwebhu lwabucala lwembumba esondeleyo kwaye lulawula imiba ephathelele kulawulo nakwiinkqubo zeshishini, kananjalo nemiba yoxanduva nezinyanzelo zamalungu.



Ulawulo

Ulawulo luvela ngokwemigqaliselo yemvumelwano yemvisiswano. Imvumelwano inako ukongamela imimiselo yoMthetho oMiselweyo weMbumba eSondeleyo (1984) malunga nolawulo lwemvisiswano esondeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikhona imimiselo engafanelanga konganyelwa yimvisiswano. Oku kubandakanya ilungelo lalo naliphi ilungu ukubiza intlanganiso, okanye izithintelo ezibekwa ebantwini abathile ezibalela inxaxheba kulawulo lweshishini.



Inkundla yomthetho inako, ukuthi ngesicelo sembumba esondeleyo, okanye isicelo selungu, izikhathaze ngolawulo lweshishini. Oku kulandela ukusuka kwimeko exhamlwa ngamalungu e-trust malunga neshishini, ngokwenza njalo kukhuseleka ubume bembumba esondeleyo kunye namalungu omnye komnye. Imeko ye-trust ithetha ukuba akukho lungu linokuvumela imidla yalo ukuba ingquzulane naleyo yembumba esondeleyo. Ngoko ke imidla yembumba evalelekileyo ihamba phambili. Oku kukwabonakala mhlophe kwigama elithi “imbumba esondeleyo”, apho “u-sondeleyo” ethetha ukuba amalungu azibandakanya shushu neshishini. Ubunini (ukuba lilungu) nolawulo ngoko ke abahlulwa njengakwisiganeko sequmrhu.



Ukwabelana ngenzuzo nemfanelo yerhafu

Imbumba esondeleyo ihlawula amalungu ayo ngeenkonzo azinikileyo. Ingeniso esalayo emva kokurhafiswa nayo inokwahlulwa phakathi kwamalungu ngokusebenzisa izahlulo. Malunga nemivuzo, amalungu arhafiswa ngokwezakhiwo zerhafu yobuqu bazo, kukhutshelwa ecaleni izahlulo zembumba esondeleyo. Ukurhafiswa okuphindaphindwe kabini ke ngoko kuyathintelwa, njengoko iimbumba ezisondeleyo zirhafiswa ngokwerhafu efanayo yequmrhu. Izahlulo ezifunyenwe yimbumba esondeleyo, nangona kunjalo, zithathwa njengengeniso yokusebenza, ukuze ke ngoko zirhafiswe ngokulungelelana ngokwemigqaliselo yerhafu yequmrhu. Iinzuzo ezingabelwanga, ezigcinwe kwingxowa-mali yolondolozo, azirhafiselwa.



Amathuba enkxaso-mali

Ukulingana kwembumba esondeleyo kuphelela kumagalelo amalungu alishumi obona buninzi. Ngoko ke kunzima ngakumbi kwimbumba esondeleyo kunakwiqumrhu ukuba nomtsalane wemali. Amalungu embumba esondeleyo kwakhona axhamla ukuziphendulela okungephi malunga namatyala eshishini. Oku xa kudibene nenyaniso yokuba iingxelo zezemali zembumba esondeleyo ngamaxwebhu abucala kuthintela ukufumaneka kwemali. Amalungu anokuqinisekisa amatyala embumba esondeleyo, kodwa naziphi izingxengxezo zokuziphendulela okungaphelelanga ziya kubethwa ngoyaba.



Ukuqhubela phambili

Imbumba esondeleyo inobuqu basemthethweni. Ukuqhubela phambili ke ngoko akuchatshazelwa kukufa okanye ngumhlala-phantsi walo naliphi ilungu. Imidla yembumba esondeleyo inokudluliselwa kwabanye ukuze imbumba esondeleyo ibe nako ukuphinda ithenge imidla. Ukuphelelwa yimali kwelungu akuyibeki esichengeni imbumba esondeleyo njengoko imidla ithengisa okanye ithengwa lishishini.



Imbumba esondeleyo ipheliswa ngokuthengisa okusungulwe ngamalungu okanye ngabo batyalwayo. Ukuthengisa ngokuzithandela kuxhomekeke kwimvume yawo onke amalungu. Ukuthengisa kwenziwa ngokunikela amaxwebhu angqalileyo kwinkundla yomthetho.



Ii-trust ezingamashishini



Uhlobo

Umgaqo-siseko onxulumene ne-trust kukuba umsunguli abeke impahla engqalileyo phantsi kolawulo lomthenjwa, olawula imali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini ye-trust esenzela kwaye encedisa umncediswa. EMzantsi Afrika izimo zomthetho we-trust ziyabalulwa. I-trust engumnqophiso isungulelwa ukunikela kwizizalwana zomniki-mnqophiso. Izizalwana ke ngoko zingabancediswa. I-trust yobhambathiso isekwa ngobhambathiso kwaye isetyenziswa njengesimo seshishini. Kufuneka kunikwe inkathalelo, nangona kunjalo, yokwahlukanisa phakathi kwee-trust zeshishini kunye namagama amaqumrhu athile, anokulahlekisa, umzk. ulwandiso-mali okanye ii-unit trusts.



Ii-trust zobhambathiso zisetyenziselwa ukuphepha imimiselo nezinye izithintelo ezandlalwe kwizimo ezizezinye zoshishino. Ezi zithintelo zibandakanya iinkqubo zolawulo lwemimiselo ezityenziswa ngamaqumrhu, okanye imibandela enxulumene nerhafu. Ii-trust azilithinteli inani labasunguli okanye labancediswa kwaye zingafihli nokuchongeka kwabathenjwa.



Ubukho bembumba nenkathalo

I-trust inempahla yexabiso engafaniyo nenye. Ubukho bayo buhamba bodwa abudibenanga nabathenjwa bayo, abancediswa, okanye abasunguli, kuqhuba ishishini ngegama layo kwaye ilawulwa ngendlela engenaluxhomekeko. Nangona kunjalo, ayikuxhamli ukonwabela isimo sobuqu basemthethweni. Impahla yexabiso ye-trust inokuxolelwa ngabatyalwayo bayo. Abancediswa, abathenjwa nabasungulu ngoko ke bonwabela ukuziphendulela okunyiniweyo.



Ukusekwa

I-trust isekwe ngokwemigqaliselo yobhambathiso okanye ngesiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust, eyahlukanisa impahla engqalileyo yexabiso isenzela i-trust. Le mpahla yexabiso ibekwa phantsi kolawulo lomthenjwa olawulela abancediswa impahla yexabiso. Isiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust siqulethe igama neenjongo ze-trust, imithwalo yoxanduva lwabathenjwa, iinkcukacha zabancediswa kunye nemimiselo enxulumene nolawulo lwe-trust. Ikopi yesiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust inikelwa kwiGcisa (Master) leNkundla ePhakamileyo. Igcisa lisebenza njengomlindi wolawulo lwe-trust yomthenjwa.



Isiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust masithobele imimiselo yoMthetho oMiselweyo woLawulo lweMpahla ye-Trust yowe-1998. Naziphi ezinye iimfuneko zombuso ezinxulumene nemisetyenzana ye-trust makuhlangatyezwane nazo. Umzekelo, xa impahla engashenxisekiyo ithuthelwa kwi-trust zonke iimfuneko zommiselo ezinxulumene nothutho mazithotyelwe.



Iinguquko kwimimiselo yesiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust zinokwenziwa kuphela ngemvume yabo bonke abathenjwa, abasunguli kunye nabancediswa. Inkundla yomthetho inokuzifaka ezi nguquko xa elinye lamaqela linokubamba imvume ngokungakhathali.



Ulawulo

Umthenjwa ulawula i-trust ngokwemigqaliselo ye-deed ye-trust nangokoMthetho oMiselweyo woLawulo lweMpahla engaShenxisekiyo (1988). Nangona kunjalo, liGcisa (Master) leNkundla ePhakamileyo, elikhupha isatifikethi esenza ukuba abathenjwa bafake i-trust.



Ngaphaya koko, makunamathelwe kwimimiselo yomthetho woninzi malunga nolawulo lwempahla ye-trust. Le mimiselo ibandakanya ulawulo oluququzelayo lwempahla yexabiso ye-trust, ulondolozo lwendawo yee-trust ngokunxulumene nabancediswa nokwahlukaniswa kwempahla yexabiso ye-trust kwimpahla yexabiso yomntu ngokwakhe. Nakuphi ukwaphula umgaqo okanye ukungakhathali ngemibandela ye-trust kunokubanga ukugxothwa kwabo njengabathenjwa, ukuze bathathelwe inyathelo lasemthethweni laseburhulumenteni okanye likawonke-wonke.

 

Ukwabelana ngenzuzo nemfanelo yerhafu

I-trust ilawulelwa ukuzalisekisa imidla yabancediswa bayo. Iinzuzo ezivela kwimisetyenzana ye-trust kufuneka zabelwe abancediswa ngokwemigqaliselo yesiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust. Nangona kunjalo, abathenjwa mabahlawulwe ngokulungelelana nemithwalo yoxanduva lwabo kwi-trust.



Ngeenjongo zerhafu i-trust ibonwa njengomntu ongatshatanga. Irhafu yengeniso yobuqu bomntu, ngoko ke itsalwa kwi-trust. I-trust ke ngoko iphathwa njengomntu ongatshatanga onemfanelo yeemali ezithile ezitsalwayo zerhafu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba inxalenye ekuphela kwayo yengeniso ye-trust enganikwanga abancediswa irhafiselwa ngale ndlela. Ingeniso esuka kwi-trust eya kubancediswa ithathwa njengengeniso yomdla yabancediswa kwaye irhafiselwa ngokufanelekilyo. Ngale ndlela kuthintelwa ukurhafiswa okuphinda-phindwe kabini. Ukuba ingeniso ye-trust yahlula-hlulwa phakathi kwabancediswa, kanti ukuba aba bancediswa abanamithombo eyiyeminye yengeniso, oko kunokukhokelela kwinqanaba lerhafu elineempembelelo eziphantsi kwiingeniso ze-trust.



Amathuba enkxaso-mali

Inkxaso-mali ephilayo ye-trust ivela kwimpahla yexabiso echongwe ngesiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust ngumsunguli. Ukufuna imali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini kusenokuba yingxaki kwi-trust njengoko ingengobathenjwa ingengabo nabancediswa ekufuneka bephendule ngamatyala e-trust. Abathenjwa okanye abancediswa basenokukhetha ukuqinisekisa amatyala e-trust, kodwa oku kutyeshela ngokwendalo ukuziphendulela okunyiniweyo kwamaqela alolo hlobo. Kusenokuvela umbuzo malunga nemali yelinge lokuqesha kwe-trust. Oku kunokuphendulwa ngokuqwalasela imimiselo yesiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust okanye iinjongo ze-trust ngokwayo.



Ukuqhubela phambili

Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-trust kumiselwa ngokwemigqaliselo yesiqinisekiso se-deed ye-trust.



Isishwankathelo

Ukukhethwa kohlobo lweshishini kumele omnye wemibandela yokusekwa kweshishini elitsha. Kweli candelo iintlobo ezizezinye zeshishini ezifumaneka eMzantsi Afrika kuxoxiwe ngazo. Indlela nganye eyiyenye inwenwela kude malunga nokuphathwa nolawulo lweshishini. Ibaluleke kakhulu ke ngoko ingqalelo yobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo lweshishini olukhethiweyo luthobela iimeko zobuqu bomsunguli-shishini kunye neshishini elitsha. 









