Inyama yenkomo (Maize)								IsiXhosa
Ukwenza isicwangciso nokulungisa umhlambi wakho weenkomo zenyama
Folio strap: Ulawulo lwemfuyo
Byline: NguJenny Mathews, usihlalo weNkqubo yaseGrain SA yoPhuhliso lwamaFama
Ukulungisa umhlambi wakho weenkomo ukwenzela ixesha lokubalela kwasebusika kufuna isicwangciso esenziwe ngokuqaphela. Abalimi kufuneka benze isicwangciso namalungiselelo eli xesha ngokuqaphela ukuze baqinisekise ukuba kufumaneka ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo eziya kuphemeza isicwangciso soshishino esiphilileyo nesilondolozekayo.
Amadlelo endalo angumthombo ongundoqo wesondlo semfuyo yasekhaya eMzantsi Afrika. Xa kusondela ubusika, la madlelo endalo aqalisa ngokoma ukuze ngenxa yoko isixa esikhoyo sesondlo sethe ngokukhawuleza, kananjalo umgangatho ofumanekayo wesondlo uyehla.
Ngethuba lasebusika, isiqulatho seprotheyini esikwiintlobo-ntlobo zengca siphantsi kodwa ese-lignin siphezulu. Iinkomo zikhawuleza zilahlekelwe ngumgangatho wempilo yazo xa amadlelo endalo esemgangathweni osezantsi kwaye engasakwazi ukunika izilwanyana isondlo esifanelekileyo esinamanqanaba aphezulu eprotheyini. Ngaxeshanye, amanqanaba aphezulu e-lignin enza ukuba iinkomo zifumane ingca encinci ezinokuyitya njengoko iya ngokulahlekelwa sisongo sayo. Umfuyi weenkomo unokukhetha ukulandela izicwangciso zobuchule eziliqela:
Ukuthengisa izilwanyana
Cinga ngokuthengisa izilwanyana ezingasifanelanga ncam isicwangciso soshishino sethuba elide. Ezi zilwanyana zinokutya isondlo esigciniweyo esinokusetyenziswa ekondleni amalungu omhlambi anexabiso eliphucukileyo. Esi sicwangciso-buqili siya kufuna ukuba umlimi abe wenze isibalo sokuba singakanani isondlo sasebusika ekufuneka sigciniwe nokuba angakwazi ukuthwala iindleko ezingakanani na. Olu lwazi luvumela umlimi ukwenza isigqibo sokuba ngaba zingaphi izilwanyana anokukwazi ukuzilondoloza ebusika. Emva koko, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuchonga impahla esentloko eyandayo neneentlobo zemfuza ezibalaseleyo eziya kongeza ixabiso emhlambini kwikamva. Bubulumko obukhulu ukuthengisa izilwanyana eziphawulelwe ukuthengiswa kuselithuba phambi kokuba zitsale nzima phantsi konqongophalo lwesondlo, zisenomtsalane ngokwaneleyo kubathengi ukuze bahlawule amaxabiso angabadleleleliyo. Ezi zilwanyana ke ngoko, azisayi kuba nazindleko zimbi kumlimi kwaye zingasayi kumtsalisa nzima umlimi ngokuphathelene namadlelo akhoyo ekuguqukeni kwexesha lonyaka. Wuqwalasele ummandla wentengiso njengoko amaxabiso ethanda ukuhla xa zininzi kakhulu izilwanyana ezithengiswa kanye xa kuza kuqala ubusika. Ingeniso efumaneke kwintengiso yezinye izilwanyana zomhlambi ngokunjalo iya kunceda umlimi ukuba akwazi ukufumana izondlo zasebusika eziyimfuneko ukuze adale iimeko ezizezona zibalaseleyo ezinokuba khona zengxam eseleyo yomhlambi nefanele ukondliwa ngazo zonke iinyanga ezibaleleyo zasebusika.
Ukucutha umhlambi kunako ukonga ixesha, imali, amadlelo kunye nemithombo yobutyebi bomhlaba kwaye kufanele ukuthathelwa ingqalelo njengesixhobo solawulo esingathandabuzekiyo kwaye ngaphezu koko, izilwanyana zinako ukongezwa nanini ekupheleni kwexesha elibaleleyo xa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali beluphethwe ngobunono.
Isondlo esifakelwayo 
Isondlo esifakelwayo siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwemfuyo kwithuba lasebusika.
Kumathuba okubalela athande ukuba made xa amadlelo okutyisa esuke asilela ngokwesondlo semfuyo, izilwanyana zisebenzisa amafutha eziwagcine emizimbeni nto leyo ebanga ukuhla kobunzima bomzimba nesimo sazo. Ezona ntsika zesondlo ekufuneka zifunyenwe zizilwanyana ebudeni bonyaka ngamandla, yiprotheyini noqobo lokutya kanti isondlo esongezelelweyo sinako ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuneko xa umlimi ezinika kwizondlo ezifana nefula, ukutya okuziinkozo, imixutywa yemilinganiselo yezondlo neebloko zezikhothwa zendalo ngaphezu kwedlelo elisaseleyo. 
Ukuba abafuyi beenkomo zenyama abawenzi kuselithuba amalungiselelo ezicwangciso-buqili zokunika izondlo ngexesha lasebusika, basenokuqubisana neelahleko zeemali ezinkulu xa sithengwa emva kwexesha isondlo, sezinyuke kakhulu kangangoko iindleko zesondlo. Bala iindleko zakho kwangoko ungalibali ukudibanisa neendleko zothutho kwisibalo sakho. Thatha isigqibo malunga nokuba ngaba bubulumko na ukuthenga kakhulu okanye ukuthenga ngengxowa nganye. Iindleko zothutho ziya kuluchaphazela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho.
Enye ilahleko engabonakali kwangoko yilahleko engafunekiyo ebangwa sisantya esicothayo sokumitha kweemazi zeenkomo ezisemhlambini ukuze oko kube nesiphumo selahleko yengeniso yamathole abe nako ukuzalwa lisaqala ihlobo elilandelayo. Enyanisweni, kubonakele ukuba xa iimazi zeenkomo zibhityile ngexesha lokufumana amathole, ukuzala kwazo kuyalibaziseka ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-60 ukuya kwezingama-90 ngexesha lokufunyanwa kwamathole kuze ngaloo ndlela wonke umjikelo olandelayo wokuzalwa kwamathole uchaphazeleke kakubi. 
Xa izilwanyana zingeniswa kwizondlo ezitsha kuba kulungiselelwa ixesha lonyaka elibaleleyo, oko makwenziwe kungangxanywanga kwithuba lenguquko leeveki ezinokude zibe ne. Qalisa ngesondlo esifakelwayo isekhona noko ingca edlelweni kananjalo phambi kokuba izilwanyana zisilahle kakhulu isimo sazo somzimba. Qalisa kancinci kancinci ngezondlo ezitsha njengoko iinguquko ezenziwa ngephanyazo kwizondlo zinokubanga impilo eyaphukayo, ngakumbi ukutya okuziinkozo nako makunikwe ngokuqaphela okukhulu njengoko izilwanyana zinokuzitya ngokubawa zize zibe negazi elinesimuncu esingaphezu kwesifanelekileyo. Unobangela wegazi elinesimuncu esibaxekileyo kukutya okunininzi okusisitatshi kodwa kube kuncinci kwisondlo ukutya okucolekayo emzimbeni. Ifula nesintlakantlakiso zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezo kumxube njengoko zilungelelanisa izidlo ukuze ngokwenza njalo zithintele ukugula. Imilinganiselo elungiswe ngabarhwebi ayiniki nkxamleko kwaye ilungelelaniswe ngokwenzululwazi, kodwa ixabiso lazo lixhomile. Umlimi olichule makakwazi ukwenza umxube ongowakhe ngokusebenzisa into ekhoyo anayo okanye leyo anokufikelela kuyo kwindawo ahlala kuyo. Bubulumko obukhulu ukufumana iingcebiso kwiingcaphephe zezondlo zezilwanyana kwindawo ahlala kuyo malunga neeresiphi ezizezona zifanelekileyo kuba kaloku udidi ngalunye lwemfuyo luya kuba neemfuneko zesondlo ezahluka-hlukileyo.
Okunye okufuna uqwalaselo
Nangexesha elibaleleyo lonyaka, umlimi makawaphathe kakuhle amadlelo. Makungatyiswa impahla ngaphezu kokufaneleka emadlelweni njengoko kweli thuba kusuka kwande umhlaba ongenangca ukuze oko kubange ukuphaphatheka okanye ukukhukuliseka komhlaba oxabisekileyo ngamathuba eziphango kanti xa kunjalo kulahleka izondlo ezibalulekileyo ezisemhlabeni ongaphezulu. Xa lilide ithuba lokubalela abalimi mabacinge ngokugcina izilwanyana kwiindawo ezincinane ukuze banciphise umonakalo owenzeka kuhlaza lwendalo.
Impilo yezilwanyana mayibekwe iliso ngokuqaphela njengoko iimpembelelo zezidalwa eziphila ezilwanyaneni okanye izifo zemfuyo zikholisa ukwanda kwiinyanga ezibaleleyo ngenxa yokuba izilwanyana sukuba zibuthathaka phantsi kweemeko zokubalela.
Isiphetho
Owona mba uneendleko eziphezulu malunga nokuphathwa komhlambi weenkomo lithuba lasebusika lokondla ngoko ke kufuneka eli xesha lilawulwe ngokuqaphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba imida yenzuzo ikwisimo esilungileyo. Umlimi ngamnye uya kwenza isigqibo malunga nesicwangciso samanyathelo esiya kuzifanela phucukileyo iimeko ezifana zodwa zefama yakhe nezepokotho yakhe. Ngelinye ixesha uya kusebenzisa isondlo esifakelwayo ukuze alondoloze impilo yezilwanyana zakhe kuzo zonke iinyanga zobusika, lo gama ngamanye amaxesha imali egcinwe ebhankini iya kuqinisekisa ukuba ubunzima bemizimba yezilwanyana ezilunyuliweyo buya kuqhuba ngokwanda yonke imihla. Umlimi weenkomo zenyama onempumelelo kufuneka awaphathe kakuhle amadlelo, agcine amanani afanelekileyo empahla kananjalo alolule ixesha lonyaka lasehlotyeni kangangoko kunokwenzeka! 
