IGUNYA LOLAWULO NOMTHETHO WOKULINGANA
Yintoni ukulawula?
Igunya lolawulo kukusebenzisa igunya ekuhlaleni. Igunya lokulawula kuphathelene nezigqibo zopolitiko, ukucwangciswa kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho nokusekwa, ukuphathwa nemisebenzi yamagunya namaziko oluntu.
Ukunxulumana phakathi kolawulo nokulingana ngokwesini
Ukungalingani ngokwesini nocalucalulo kuhleli kuzinze kumagunya, izithethe nendlela yokubona izinto zabahlali. Imithetho, nemigaqo-nkqubo neekqubo zikarhulumente zingacela umngeni kucalucalulo zikhuthaze ukulingana. Ukungalingani ngokwesini nocalucalulo luzinzile kumagunya, izithethe nendlela abasekuhlaleni abazibona ngayo izinto. Imithetho, nemigaqo-nkqubo neenkqubo zikarhulumente zingacela umngeni kucalucalulo kwaye zikhuthaze ukulingana. Kanti kwabona bangaphinda bayikhuthaze bayizinzise imeko yokubaluleka kwamandla esidoda nendlela esisetyenziswa ngayo isini baxinzelele ukubangasezantsi kwesidima sabafazi ekuhlaleni.
Ukumanyana kwemicimbi yesini emthethweni, imigaqo karhulumente neenkqubo neendlela zokwenza, izinto ezenziwayo namaziko karhulumente ayafuneka ukuze ukulingana ngokwesini kuphumelele.
Kwamkelekile jikelele ukuba ukufikelela nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabafazi kuyo yonke imigangatho ekuthathwa kuyo izigqibo lilungelo elingundoqo; kwaye ukuze abafazi babenegalelo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo, kufuneka babe ngumthamo ovakalayo kubulungu baloo magunya.
Uburhulumente eMzantsi Afrika
Ukusukela kwinguquko ukusuka kucalucalulo ukuya kulawulo lwentando yesininzi ngowe 1994, ininzi inkqubela phambili eyenzelwe abafazi kwimeko yezopolitiko, kubandakanywa:
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kakhulu kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente;
Ukumelwa kakhulu kurhulumente;
Ukusekwa kweendlela ezininzi zokuqhubela phambili ukulingana ngokwesini; kunye
Ukudityaniswa kweembono ngesini emthethweni, kwiinkqubo zoluntu, kwiinkqubo neeprojekthi.
Kusekwe amagunya/amaziko amaninzi okuqhubela phambili ukulingana ngokwesini afana nala:
Ikomishini yokuLingana ngokweSini - lelinye lamaZiko kaRhulumente aXhasa uMgaqo-siseko weNtando yoNinzi akwisahluko 9 ecetyiswa kwicandelo 181 loMgaqo-siseko. Yasekwa ngo-Epreli 1997 ngokumalunga noMthetho weKomishini yokuLingana ngokweSini 39 wowe 1996.;
IOfisi yeSidima sabaFazi - ikwiofisi kaMongameli kwaye iiofisi zamaphondo nazo kufanele zibe kwii-ofisi zeeNkulumbuso. Ilikhonkco elibalulekileyo phakathi kwezinto urhulumente azimisele ukuzenza, ukulingana ngokwesini nokwenziwa kwezicwangciso zikarhulumente. Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wale ofisi kukuququzelela, ukwenza kube lula ukusebenza nokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa komgaqo nkqubo wesini ngurhulumente. Ikwanoxanduva lokujonga ukuba ingaba urhulumente usebenza ngokwezixhobo zokwenza oku zehlabathi ezifana neCEDAW.;
IQela labaFazi lasePalamente - lenziwe ngabafazi abasepalamente bamaqela ngamaqela abakulawulo lwesizwe. Imisebenzi yalo ibandakanya phakathi kweminye, ukuncedisa abafazi abasePalamente ukuba baxoxe kwaye bamanyane kwimicimbi yesini, kwaye baqinisekise ukuguquka kwePalamente ibonise ukumelwa nangabafazi kumagunya ayo.
IKomiti yoBumbano eMiselwe ukuPhucula uMgangatho woBomi neSidima sabaFazi - inamalungu avela kwiNdibano yeSizwe nakwiQumrhu lamaPhondo eSizwe Ngokubanzi, indima yeeKomiti eziMiselweyo kulawulo lwesizwe kukuqinisekisa urhulumente osebenzayo nowenza izinto elubala nokwenza uluntu lubenegalelo kwinkqubo yolwakhiwo mthetho. Banoxanduva ngezinto angazibonanga amasebe karhulumente baze baqwalasele imithetho eyenziwa ngamasebe.
Indlela aphumelele ngayo urhulumente ukulinganisa ngokwesini, uMzantsi Afrika ngoku uyinombolo ye-11 ehlabathini liphela ekubeni nabafazi abangabameli ePalamente.
Ukuzimisela kukarhulumente ekubeni nabameli abangabafazi kuyabonakala kwiKhabhinethi apho inani labafazi abangabaPhathiswa beKhabhinethi linyukileyo ukusuka kwi-15% ngowe 1994 ukuya kuma-28% ngowe 1999 laza laya kuma-40% ngowe 2004. Oku kumelwa ngabafazi kunyukileyo kuyabonakala nakumaphondo apho kuthe kunyulo luka 2004 iiNkulumbuso ezi-4 zangabafazi kwezili 9 xa zizonke.
Ezinye zenkqubela yabafazi ezibalulekileyo emva kowe 1994 zibandakanya:
Ukulingana ngokwesini kuqinisekisiwe njengomgaqo ongundoqo koku kulawula ngentando yoninzi kutsha;
Ukuzimisela kukarhulumente ukukhuthaza nokuqinisekisa ukulingana ngokwesini kumaziko karhulumente namanye amacandelo oqoqosho;
Zininzi izijungqe zomthetho namagunya amiselweyo okuqhubela phambili nokukhuthaza ukulingana ngokwesini;
Abafazi abakhona kwezopolitiko bangamanani abonakalayo nakhoklelayo ngokwasehlabathini kwaye iindlela zokufundisa zikhona ukucacisa nokukhuthaza ukulingana ngokwesini:
Eminye iMiceli-mngeni ejongene nabaFazi eMva kowe-1994 ibandakanya:
Ukuzimisela kwabo bonke abafazi namadoda ukuseka ukulingana ngokwesini eMzantsi Afrika.;
Ukukhuthala kwezopolitiko ekuthethathethaneni nabezentlalo nezithethe zasekuhlaleni elawula ubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla kwindawo esihlala kuyo nabafazi abojongelwe ezantsi:
Ubuninzi babafazi buyaqhubeka ekuthwaleni nzima bubuhlwempu, iHIV/Aids nokudlakazeliswa ngokwesini;
Imeko yokuhla koqoqosho kubafazi, ngakumbi abangamahlwempu nabafazi basezilalini abamnyama, ayikatshintshi konke kwaye kusashiyeke isikhewu phakathi kokuphumelela kwezopolitiko nomthetho neyona nyaniso ngobomi babafazi. Amaxesha amaninzi izithethe zasekuhlaleni nezimo zentlalo ezikhonyayo zenza umda obonakalyo ekubeni konwatyelwe amalungelo amiselwe ngumthetho.;
Nakuba uMgaqo-siseko sethu nemithetho eyahlukileyo ayavuma ukuba abafazi bafanelwe kubanamalungelo alinganayo okufikelela kumalungelo olawulo lwentando yoninzi kwaye kufuneka baphathwe ngembeko, bangadlakazeliswa kwaye bakwazi ukusebenzisa isidima sabo somzimba, sengqondo nesesimilo, izithethe zasekuhlaleni zidla ngokubavimba le nto;
Ukukhululwa kwezinto zokwenza iinkqubo zikamashini wesini wesizwe namaziko:
Iindlela ekubonwa ngazo nezithethe zakudala, ezikhuthazwayo ngeendlela ezahlukileyo lisiko, isimo sentlalo, inkolo nangonondaba.
Isikhokelo somthetho nomgaqo-nkqubo
IZIXHOBO ZEHLABATHI ZOKUKHUTHAZA ABAFAZI EKUTHATHENI INXAXHEBA KURHULUMENTE
INKomfa yokuPheliswa kwazo zonke iiNdlela zokuCalucalula abafazi
INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yesiNe yeHlabathi yabaFazi (IsiSeko sokuThatha amaNyathelo saseBeijing)
IZIXHOBO ZOMMANDLA EZIKHUTHAZA ABAFAZI EKUTHATHENI INXAXHEBA KURHULUMENTE
ITshata yaseAfrika yamaLungelo abaNtu noLuntu.
UMmiselo woPhuhliso lweendawo zokuhlala saseMzantsi Afrika malunga neSini noPhuhliso 1997
UMTHETHO WASEMZANTSI AFRIKA NEMICIMBI UBUNI ESIJONGWA NGAYO
UMthetho woMgaqo-siseko waseMzantsi Afrika 108 wowe 1996 (uMgaqo-siseko);
UMthetho wamaLungelo woMhlaba
UMthetho weKhomishini yokulingana ngokweSini, 1996
UMthetho weemeko zeNgqesho, 1997
UMthetho weeMeko zeMisebenzi, 1995
UMthetho woDlakazeliso lwaseMakhaya, 1998
UMthetho wokwamkelwa kwemiTshato ngokweSiko (UMthetho weSiko)
