ISAZISO SIKARHULUMENTE
ISEBE LEZOBULUNGISA NOPHUHLISO LOMGAQO-SISEKO
UKUPHAKANYISWA KOMTHETHO WOLAWULO LWEZOBULUNGISA WESI-3 KA-2000
IMITHETHO YOPHENGULULO YOBULUNGISA
IiBhodi zemiThethozeeNkundla zomThetho ziye phantsi kwecandelo lesi-7 lokuPhakanyiswa komThetho woLawulo lwezobuLungisa wesi-3 ka-2000 ("umThetho") zenza imithetho ekwishedyuli.
ISHEDYULI
Iinkcazelo
Kule mithetho kunye neefom ezihlonyelweyo ngaphandle kokuba umxholo ukhombisa ngenye indlela:
umfaki sicelo" uthetha umntu omisela iinkqubo zophengululo lobulungisa lwezenzo zolawulo phantsi kwecandelo lesi-6 lomThetho;
umabhalane wenkundla" uthetha umabhalane kunye nomncedisi kamabhalane benkundla abaqeshwe phantsi kwecandelo le-13 lomThetho weeNkundla zabaTshutshisi, 1944 (umThetho oyiNombolo yama-32 ka-1944)
usuku" luthetha naluphi na usuku ngaphandle kwangoMgqibelo, iCawa okanye iholide kawonke-wonke;
ifayile" kuthetha ukufaka kwifayile amaxwebhu nombhalisi okanye umabhalane wenkundla njengoko kunokubanjalo;
ukunika" kuthetha ukunika amaxwebhu ngokuvumelana nemithetho yenkundla isicelo esimiselwe kuwo;
umbhalisi" uthetha umbhalisi kunye nomncedisi wombhalisi abaqeshwe phantsi kwecandelo lama-34 lomThetho weNkundla ePhakamileyo, 1959 (umThetho wama-59 ka-1959), okanye umbhalisi oqeshwe ngaphantsi kwawo nawuphi na umthetho ongekarhoxiswa okwangoku ligunya elifanelekileyo kunye nangokunyanzelwa, msinyane nje emva kokuqala koMgaqo-siseko, kuwo nakuwuphi na ummandla owenza inxenye yommandla wesizwe;
irekhodi" ithetha irekhodi ebhaliweyo okanye yeletroniki yalo naliphi na ityala phambi komlawuli okanye naziphi na iingxoxo ezenziwa ngumlawuli ezingaphambi kwaye ezenza inxenye yokwenziwa kwesigqibo esimisela isenzo solawulo;
umThetho" uthetha ukuPhakanyiswa komThetho woLawulo lwezobuLungisa, 2000 (umThetho oyiNombolo yesi-3 ka-2000);
imiThetho eFanayo yeNkundla" ithetha imithetho elawula ukuqhutywa kweenkqubo zamacandelo amaninzi ephondo nawengingqi yeNkundla ePhezulu yoMzantsi Afrika.
Inkqubo kwisicelo sophengululo lwenkundla
Ngokuxhomekeke kumthetho we-315 inkqubo emiselweyo kule mithetho kufuneka ilandelwe kulo lonke usetyenziso oluzisiweyo ngokwemigqaliselo yomThetho.
Ukulondoloza ngenye indlela enikiweyo kulomthetho, imithetho elawula iinkqubo zasenkundleni apho ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokwemigqaliselo yale mithetho iziswayo, iyakusebenza notshintsho olufanelekileyo.
Inkqubo yophengululo
Zonke iinkqubo zokuphengulula isenzo solawulo somlawuli ziyakumiselwa ngesaziso sesindululo ngokuvumelana neFom 1 ebhekiswa kumlawuli kunye nakulo naliphi na elinye iqela elichaphazelekayo elibiziweyo ukuba libonise ukuba kutheni isenzo solawulo esibandakanyekayo kufuneka singaphengululwa kwaye silungiswe okanye sibekwe ecaleni okanye omnye umyalelo onjalo ube ulungile kwaye unobulungisa xa unikiwe.
Isaziso sesindululo siyakwazisa isenzo solawulo esinikwayo ukuba siphengululwe kwaye siyakuxhaswa yingxelo efungelweyo ebeka imihlaba kunye nemiba kunye neemeko umfaki sicelo axhomekeke kuzo ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo ngokuvumelana neFom yesi-2.
Isaziso sesindululo kufuneka sazise naluphina ulungiso lwangaphakathi olufumanekayo kumfaki sicelo kwaye kwingxelo efungelweyo umfaki sicelo uyakuxela ukuba ingaba umfaki sicelo ulusebenzise ngeyiphi na indlela kwaye walugqiba ulungiso olunjalo kwaye ukuba ngaba ulungiso lwangaphakathi alugqitywanga iimeko ezikhethekileyo athembele kuzo umfaki sicelo ngenkaso yesicelo yokuba inkundla ngokusemdleni wobulungisa ikhuphele ngaphandle umfaki sicelo ekubeni agqibe ulungiso lwangaphakathi olunjalo.
Umlawuli, kwiintsuku ezili-15 zenkonzo yesaziso sesindululo, uyakusa kumfaki sicelo kwaye uyakufayila ingxelo efungelweyo kumbhalisi okanye umabhalane wenkundla, njengoko isimo sinokubanjalo a adwelisa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ekuthathweni kwesigqibo sokumiselwa kwesenzo solawulo esinjalo;
b axele ukuba ngaba kukho naziphi na iirekhodi ezikhoyo, nokuba kungohlobo lwetroniki okanye ngenye indlela, zenkqubo ekhokelela ekuthathweni kwesigqibo esimisela isenzo solawulo kuqukwa nakuphi na ukuxoxwa kwetyala okwandulele eso sigqibo;
c ukuxela ukuba ingaba izizathu zesenzo solawulo zinikiwe na ngokwemigqaliselo yecandelo lesi-51 lomThetho kwaye ukuba kunjalo kufakwe ikopi yezo zizathu okanye ingaba akukho zizathu zinikiweyo ezixela izizathu zesenzo solawulo.
Umfaki sicelo kwiintsuku ezili-15 zokuziswa kwaoyo ingxelo efungelweyo uya kuba nelungelo lokuhlola nokwenza iikopi zawo onke amaxwebhu ekubhekiselelwe kuwo kwingxelo efungelweyo kunye nokuhlola okanye ukumamela nayiphi na irekhodi kwaye anikwe okukhutshelweyo yerekhodi enjalo ukuba ngaba umfaki sicelo uyakufuna oko. Iindleko zokukhutshelweyo ziyakuhlawulwa ngumfaki sicelo kwaye ziyakubakhona iindleko kunobangela.
Umfaki sicelo kwiintsuku ezili-15 zohlolo olunjalo okanye zokufumana okunjalo okukhutshelweyo, nokuba yeyiphi na esemva, afayile kwaye ahambise ingxelo efungelweyo eyongezayo kwaye alungise, ongeze okanye atshintshe imigqaliselo yesaziso sesindululo.
Nawuphi na umntu ofuna isicelo sophengululo kufuneka:
a kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokuhanjiswa kwaso nasiphi na isongezo sengxelo efungelweyo okanye ukuphela kwexesha lokuhanjiswa kwefayile yengxelo efungelweyo enjalo kwaye kuhanjiswe nesaziso sesindululo kwaye kwisaziso esinjalo kuyakufunwa idilesi ekwiikhilomitha ezisi-8 ze-ofisi yombhalisi okanye umabhalane wenkundla apho onke amaxwebhu angaphaya kwiinkqubo ezinjalo ayakuhanjiswa khona; kwaye b kwiintsuku ezili-15 emva koko uyakufayila kwaye ahambise naziphi na iingxelo ezifungelweyo iqela elinokufuna ziphendulwe kwizityholo ezenziwe ngumfaki sicelo.
Kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokuhanjiswa kwayo nayiphi na ingxelo efungelweyo ngokwemigqaliselo yomthetho we-37b umfaki sicelo unokufayila kwaye ahambise ingxelo efungelweyo ephendulayo. Inkundla ngokwengqiqo yayo inokuvumela ukufayilwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kweengxelo ezifungelweyo ezingaphaya.
Apho kungekho saziso okanye ingxelo efungelweyo ehanjisiweyo kwixesha elinikiweyo ngokwemigqaliselo yomthethwana 7 okanye apho ingxelo efungelweyo ephendulayo ihanjisiweyo okanye ixesha lokuhanjiswa kwengxelo efungelweyo enjalo ngokwemigqaliselo yomthethwana 8 liphelileyo, umfaki sicelo kwiintsuku ezi-5 emva koko unokufaka isicelo kumbhalisi okanye umabhalane wenkundla, njengoko kunokufuneka njalo kwimeko, ukuba anike umhla wokuxoxwa kwesicelo: ngaphandle kokuba umfaki sicelo uyasilela ukufaka isicelo ngelo xesha nawuphi na ummangalelwa unokukwenza oko ngoko nangoko ekupheleni kwelo xesha leentsuku ezi-5. Isaziso ngokubhaliweyo somhla onikwe ngumbhalisi okanye umabhalane wenkundla siyakunikwa umfaki sicelo okanye ummangalelwa, njengoko kunokufuneka kwimeko, kuwo onke amanye amaqela.
Xa isicelo kungenakugqitywa ngaso ngokufanelekileyo ngengxelo efungelweyo inkundla inokwenza umyalelo onjalo njengoko ihlangabezana nombono wokuqinisekisa isigqibo esifanelekileyo nesikhawulezayo. Ingakumbi, singasuswa kumthetho jikelele obuqhuba ngaphambile, kunokuyalelwa okokuba kuviwe ubungqina bomlomo kwimiba ebaluliweyo ngombono wokusombulula nayiphi na imbambano eyinyani kwaye isiphelo sinokuyalela naliphi na ingqina ukuba livele buqu okanye linike ikhefu naliphi na ingqina okanye nawuphi na omnye umntu ukuba abizelwe enkundleni azokuvela abuzwe imibuzo njengengqina okanye inokuwubhekisela ematyaleni umcimbi nemiyalelo efanelekileyo ngamatyala okanye inkcazelo yemiba okanye ngenye indlela.
Nangona imithethwana iqhubile ngaphambile, ukuthatyathwa kwenxaxheba kwiingxoxo kunye nokunye okwenziwayo kwisicelo esisalindelweyo sophengululo lobulungisa sesenzo solawulo sinokuziswa ngesaziso esixhaswa ziingxelo ezifungelweyo ezinjalo njengoko iimeko zinokufuna njalo kwaye zibekelwe ixesha elinikwe ngumbhalisi okanye umabhalane wasenkundleni, njengoko imeko inokuba njalo, okanye njengoko kuyalelwe yijajji okanye umtshutshisi.
Inkundla kumyalelo wokusebenza inokuyalela ukuba kuyo nayiphi na ingxelo efungelweyo kususwe nawuphi na umcimbi okhubekisayo, ocaphukisayo okanye ongabalulekanga, nomyalelo ofanelekileyo ngokumayela neendleko, kuqukwa neendleko eziphakathi kwegqwetha nomxumi. Inkundla ayiyikusinika isicelo ngaphandle kokuba yanelisekile ukuba umfaki sicelo ngokukhupha umyalelo uyakuqala agwetywe ekuqhutyweni kwetyala ukuba ngaba asinakunikwa. Isicelo esinjalo kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo sinokwenziwa phambi kokuhanjiswa kwayo nayiphi na impendulo okanye ukuphendulwa kwengxelo efungelweyo.
Ukuba kuzo naziphi na iinkqubo kwiNkundla ePhezulu, ukuba semthethweni komgaqo-siseko womthetho kucelwa umngeni kuko, iqela elicela umngeni ekubeni semthethweni komthetho liyakuzimanya neziphathamandla ezilawulayo zephondo okanye zesizwe eyiyimfanelo yazo ulawulo lomthetho obandakanyekayo kwiinkqubo.
Nawuphi na umntu onelungelo lokuzimanya njengomfaki sicelo kuso nakwesiphi na isicelo sophengululo lwesenzo solawulo okanye nawuphi na umntu ofuna ukuvela njenge-amicus curiae ngesaziso esiya kuwo onke amaqela kwaye kulo naliphi na ibakala leenkqubo afake isicelo sekhefu ukuba angenelele njengomfaki sicelo, ummangalelwa okanye i-amicus curiae njengoko imeko inokufuna. Inkundla ekufumaneni isicelo esinjalo yenze umyalelo onjalo, kuqukwa nawuphi na umyalelo kwiindleko, kunye nokunika imiyalelo enjalo kwinkqubo engaphaya kwisicelo njengoko kunokubonakala kunokuhlangabezana.
Akukho nanye into kulo mthetho eyakutshayelela nawuphi na umfaki sicelo kuphengululo lwesenzo solawulo ekubeni kuqhubeke kuyo nayiphi na inkundla ngokuvumelana nemimimiselo yomthetho wesi-6 yemiThetho eFanayo yeNkundla: Ngaphandle kokuba apho naphina isicelo esinjalo siziswa kwiNkundla kaMantyi nasiphi na isingqinisiso kulo mthetho esiya kumbhalisi siyakwenziwa njengesingqinisiso kumantyi
Izicelo zesiqabu sexeshana ngokwemigqaliselo yecandelo lesi-8 lomThetho
Isicelo kwiNkundla ePhezulu sesiqabu sexeshana ngokwemigqaliselo yecandelo lesi-8 lomThetho, ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uthabatho nxaxheba kwiingxoxo okanye ezinye izicelo ngokwemigqaliselo yomthetho 3 , ziyakuziswa ngokuvumelana nemimiselo yomThetho wesi-6 wemiThetho eFanayo yeNkundla kwaye ngokuvumelana nayo nayiphi na imithetho esebenzayo yokusebenza kwelo candelo leNkundla ePhezulu.
Isicelo kwiNkundla kaMantyi sesiqabu sexeshana, ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uthabatho nxaxheba kwiingxoxo okanye ezinye izicelo ngokwemigqaliselo yomthetho
 , ziyakuziswa ngesaziso sesindululo esiya kummangalelwa kunye nomabhalane wasenkundleni, zixhaswa yingxelo efungelweyo emayela nezinto umfaki sicelo athembele kuzo ngesiqabu.
Isicelo ngasinye siyakuziswa ngesaziso sesindululo ngokobufutshane obunokuvumelana neFom yesi-3 kunye neekopi ezingakhutshelwanga zesaziso kwaye zonke izihlomeloziyakunikwa iqela ngalinye isaziso esiza kunikwa lona.
Kwisaziso esinjalo umfaki sicelo uyakufuna idilesi ekwiikhilomitha ezisi-8 zenkundla apho umfaki sicelo ayakwamkela inkonzo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwawo onke amaxwebhu kwiinkqubo ezinjalo kwaye uyakumisela usuku, olungekho ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-5 ezisemva kwenkonzo eya kummangalelwa, apho okanye ngaphambili kufuneka ummangalelwa ngokubhalwe phantsi achaze ukuba uzimisele ukusichasa na isicelo, kwaye uyakuxela ngokungaphaya ukuba, ukuba akukho kwaziswa kunjalo kunikiweyo isicelo siyakubekelwa ukuba sixoxwe ngosuku oluxeliweyo, ntsuku ezo ezingekho ngaphantsi kwezili-10 emva kwenkonzo esiwe kummangalelwa ngesaziso sesindululo.
Ukuba ngaba ummangalelwa ngomhla okhankanyelwe loo njongo kwisaziso esinjalo, akamazisi umfaki sicelo ukuba baceba ukusichasa isicelo, umfaki sicelo unokuwubeka umcimbi kwiroli ukuba uxoxwe ngomhla ovunyiweyo ngumabhalana wenkundla.
Nawuphi n a umntu ochasa ukunikwa komyalelo ofunwayo kwisaziso sesindululo uya:
a kwixesha elimisiweyo kwisaziso ekuthethwa ngaso, anike isaziso, ngokubhalwe phantsi baxele ukuba baceba ukusichaza isicelo kwaye kwisaziso esinjalo afune idilesi engekho ngaphaya kweekhilomitha ezisi-8 ukusuka enkundleni apho bayakwamkela khona ukuhanjiswa kwamaxwebhu;
b kwiintsuku ezili-15 zokwazisa umfaki sicelo ngenjongo yabo yokuchasa, bafayile kwaye bahambise nayiphi na ingxelo efungelweyo ephendulayo kunye nawo nawaphi na amaxwebhu abalulekileyo.
Kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokufayilwa nokuhanjiswa kwayo nayiphi na ingxelo efungelweyo ekubhekiselelwe kuyo kumthethwana 6b umfaki sicelo unokuhambisa nayiphi na ingxelo efungelweyo ephendulayo. Inkundla ngokwengqiqo yayo inokuvumela ukufayilwa kweengxelo ezifungelweyo ezingaphaya,
Apho kungeko khona saziso okanye ingxelo efungelweyo ehanjisiweyo kwixesha elinikiweyo ngokwemigqaliselo yomthethwana 6a okanye apho ingxelo efungelweyo ephendulayo ihanjisiweyo okanye ixesha lokuhambisa ingxelo efungelweyo enjalo ngokwemigqaliselo yomthethwana 7 liphelile, umfaki sicelo kwiintsuku ezi-5 emva koko unokufaka isicelo kumbhalisi okanye umabhalana wenkundla, njengoko kunokufuneka kwimeko, anike usuku lokuxoxwa kwesicelo: ngaphandle kokuba umfaki siceli uyasilela ukufaka isicelo kwelo xesha nawuphi na ummangalelwa angakwenza oko ngoko nangoko ekupheleni kwexesha leentsuku ezi-5. Isaziso esibhalwe phantsi somhla onikwe ngumbhalisi okanye umabhalane wasenkundleni siyakunikwa kunye nesinikwe ngumfaki sicelo okanye ummangalelwa, njengoko kunokufuneka kwimeko, kuwo onke amaqela.
Kwizicelo ezingxamisekileyo umantyi unokukhupha iifom kunye nenkonzo elungiselelweyo kule mithetho ngaphandle kokuba isaziso esonelisayo sinikwe nawuphi na umntu ochatshazelwa ngumyalelo ofunwayo kwaye unokulahla umcimbi onjalo ngexesha elinjalo kunye nendawo kwaye ngendlela enjalo kunye nangokuvumelana nenkqubo enjalo eyakuthi kangangoko ivumelane nale mithetho njengoko umantyi enokubona kufanelekile.
Izenzo zodidi
Apho uphengululo lobulungisa lwesenzo solawulo lubangwayo ngokuphathelene neqela okanye udidi lwabantu, njengoko kunikiwe licandelo lama-38 loMgaqo-siseko weRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika, umThetho we-108 ka-1996, umfaki sicelo kufuneka enze isicelo sokuqala enkundleni se-
a sekhefu ukumisela iinkqubo zophengululo egameni leqela okanye lodidi; kunye b nemiyalelo yendlela umcimbi ekumele uqhutywe ngayo.
Ekuviweni yinkundla kwesicelo ngokwemigqaliselo yalo mthetho inokuthathela ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo ukuze yenze isigqibo sokuba isivumele na isicelo ukuba simiselwe egameni leqela okanye lodidi-
a mhlawumbi kukho ubungqina bobukho bodidi olunikwaziswa;
b mhlawumbi udidi luninzi kakhulu ukuba ijoyinda yamalungu ayo ingenzeki;
d mhlawumbi kukho imibuzo yomthetho kunye nento eqhelekileyo kudidi;
e mhlawumbi umfaki sicelo uyakumela ngokufanelekileyo nokwaneleyo imidla yodidi
Inkundla mayithatyhele ingqalelo yokuba mhlawumbi kuyimfuneko na ukuyalela umfaki sicelo ukuba anike isaziso sesicelo kumalungu odidi kwaye, ukuba yenza isigqibo sokuab eso saziso siyimfuneko, kufuneka iyalele umfaki sicelo ukuba mhlawumbi isaziso esinjalo kufuneka sicebise amalungu odidi ukuba-
a kufuneka afake isaziso kumbhalisi okanye umabhalane wenkundla ngomhla obaluliweyo abafuna ukuzibandakanya nawo kudidi kwaye ngako oko babotshelelwe siso nasiphi na isigqibo inkundla esinikayo; okanye b bayakubotshelelwa sisigqibo senkundla ukuba ngaba abaniki saziso kumbhalisi okanye umabhalane wenkundla ngomhla obalulweyo sokuba abanqweneli ukubotshelelwa sisigqibo.
Inkundla eyenza isigqibo sokuba isaziso siyimfuneko inokuyalela ukuba isaziso sinikwe:
a ngenkonzo okanye ngokuba sihanjiswe kwilungu ngalinye lodidi, apho oku kunokwenzeka;
b sipapashwe kwabeendaba abafanelekileyo; okanye c nayiphi na enye indlela inkundla enokucingela
Ekwenzeni isigqibo sokuba isaziso kumalungu odidi siyimfuneko kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lwesaziso emalunikwe, inkundla kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo-
b ukuba nokwenzeka kokwaziswa kwelungu ngalinye lodidi kunye nokufumana idilesi yenkonzo okanye ukuhambisa ngokunxulumene nelungu ngalinye;
c ubunjani bomyalelo ezakubangwa egameni lodidi; kunye d nezinga lokuqala ugwetyelwe elinokwehlela ilungu lodidi elibotshelelwe sisigqibo kumcimbi elingenalwazi ngawo.
ImiThetho
Le mithetho iyakwaziwa njengemiThetho yoLawulo yobuLungisa
Ukuqala
