UKUZIKHETHELA ISINI OYA NASO KWEZESONDO KUNYE NOMTHETHO WOBULUNGISA NOLINGANO
Intshayelelo yokuzikhethela isini kwezesondo
Ukuzikhethela isini oya naso esondweni ngumtsalane ononyamezelo novakalelo, uthando, isondo nenkathalo komnye umntu. Ingohlulwa kweminye imiba yesini kubandakanya isondo, ukuzazi ngesini esithile kunye nemisebenzi eyabiwe ngokwesini entlalweni.
Ukuzikhethela isini oya naso kwezesondo kususela ekuthandaneni okukhethekileyo kwabesini esinye ukuya ekuthandaneni okukhethekileyo nesini esisesinye kukwabandakanya neendidi ezininzi zokuya esondweni naso nasiphi isini. Ukuzikhethela isini oya naso kwezesondo kohlukile kwindlela yokuziphatha kwezesondo kuba kusingisele kuvakalelo nendlela umntu azibona ngayo izinto. Iindlela abaziphethe ngayo abantu ingawubonakalisa okanye ingangawubonakalisi umkhethe wabo kwezesondo.
Ukuzikhethela isini oya naso kwezesondo luluvo olutselutsha kumthetho wamalungelo abantu nasekusetyenzisweni kwawo kwaye ilolunye lwezimvo ezidala ingxwabangxwaba kwezopolitiko. Ukhetho, ukuthath'izinto ngesiqhelo esigxekayo, ucalucalulo zendele kwinkqubo yethu yasentlalweni nakwiindlela zethu zokuziphatha.
Ukungalingani nocalulo ngokwesini kusendele nzulu kwimibutho, izenzo neembono zoluntu. Imithetho nemigaqo nkqubo neenkqubo zikarhulumente zinako ukucela umngeni kucalulo ze zikhuthaze ulingano. Zingomeleza ze zibethelele uloyiko olungenasihlahla okanye intiyo yabantu abanomtsalane ngokovakalelo nangesini kwabo basini sifana nesabo kwanocalulo olwenzeka ngenxa yoluvo olukhoyo ngesini.
Yintoni iHomofobhiya?
Ihomofobhiya luloyiko olungenangqiqo lwabantu abathandana nabo besini esinye nesabo. Olu loyiko alunangqiqo kuba lusekwe kwimbono yokuthath'izinto ngokoluvo lwesiqhelo nangolwazi olulahlekisayo, kuba lusekwe kwimbono yokuba amabhinqa athandana namanye amabhinqa kwanamadoda athandana namanye amadoda ngabantu abanento engaphelelanga ngabo. Oku kukhokhelela ekuhambiseni ngonaphakade intsomi ngokuthandana kwamanye amabhinqa namanye kwanangamadoda athandana namanye, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngaphezu koko kukudala imeko-bume apho amabhinqa athandana namanye kwanamadoda athandana namanye azifumanisa eziva esesichengeni kwaye engakhuselekanga. Ubume-meko obunje bube neziphumo zokuba amabhinqa athandana namanye namadoda athandana namanye:
Esiva ukuba ayifihle ngandlela zonke indlela akhetha ngayo kwezesondo;
Babethwe okanye bagxothwe emakhaya ngenxa nje yokukhetha ukuthandana nabesini esinye nesabo (udlakazeliso) ze;
Amaxesha amaninzi beve ngokunga ibafanele le mpatho inje.
Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokukhetha kwezesondo, ekucinezeleni amabhinqa / ukuthothisa amandla amabhinqa
Abantu babekwa amabala, boyikiswe xa benolawulo lwamalungelo abo kunye nolawulo ekukhetheni kwabo ezesondo. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni amabhinqa alahlekelwe ngamandla olawulo lokwenza izigqibo ngokuphathelele kubomi bawo nakwiimeko zentlalo nezopolitiko. Esi senzeko sibethelelwa kalukhuni xa abantu abanolawulo xa abantu abanolawulo kwindlela abakhetha ngayo kwezesondo ingamabhinqa.Ukhatho olwenziwa ngamabhinqa kwezesondo lulawulwa kwiintlalo neenkcubeko ngeenkcubeko kwihlabathi liphela kwaye kusetyenziswa usasazo lweendaba ukuba lubethelele lucinezele ngokuphindaphindeneyo imifanekiso yebhinqa eyamkelekileyo ngokwesithethe nenkcubeko. Xa amabhinqa ekhetha ukulubonisa ukhetho lwawo kwezesondo ngokungaphaya kwemida ebekwe luluntu nosasazo lwendaba, enziwa izigculelo, ajongelwe phantsi, atshutshiswe ze ekugqibeleni enziwe amakheswa, angahoywa ze aphungulwe amandla.
Uluntu luyicacise lwade lwayizoba indima yamabhinqa nokukhetha kwawo kwezesondo kwaye oku kuhambe kwada kwafikelela ekuboneni apho inkululeko iphela khona nalapho isinyanzelo siqala khona. Amabhinqa akhululekile ukuba avakalise indlela akhetha yona kwezesondo oko nje oko ekwenza ngaphakathi kwemida yobume-meko ebekiweyo ne"yamkelekileyo" yokuba yinkosikazi okanye isithandwa. Amabhinqa "angakhuselwanga" lumanyano ngomtshato nendoda angamalungu oluntu asesichengeni, akholisa ukungasiwa so angahoywa kwizinto ezenzeka entlalweni yoluntu kwaye aba ngamaxhoba okuchwethelwa bucala entlalweni nawodlakazeliso kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ezi ndlela zodlakazeliso kufuneka ngokunokwazo zibonwe njengolwaphulo lomthetho wamalungelo abantu.
UMTHETHO NESAKHELO SOMGAQO-NKQUBO
Imilinganiseo esetyenziswa Zizizwe Ukukhuthaza Amalungelo Amabhinqa Ngokuphathelele kwindlela Akhetha ngayo Isini Aya naso Kwezesondo
Ikomiti Yamalungelo Oluntu Ezizwe Ezimanyeneyo
Ngo1994, iKomiti yaMalungelo Oluntu eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yabhengeza ukuba ucalulo olusekwe kwindlela ubani akhetha ngayo isini aya naso kwezesondo lwaphula ilungelo lokungacalulwa nelungelo lweemfihlelo zobomi bakho eziqinisekiswe kwikuMnqophiso/Isivumelwano waMalungelo oLuntu nwoPolitiko.
Inkomfa Engokutshatyalaliswa Kwazo Zonke Iindlela Zocalulo Lwamabhinqa (CEDAW), eyamkelwa ngo-199 yiNtlangano Gabalala yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ikholisa ukuchazwa njengomthetho wezizwe oyilwayo wamalungelo amabhinqa. Iqulathe intshayelelo kunye namanqaku angama-30, ichaza ukuba yintoni ethathwa njengocalulo lwamabhinqa ze ibeke i-ajenda (uluhlu lwezinto ezifunwa ukuxoxwa) yentshukumo kazwe lonke yokuphelisa ucalulo olunjalo. Ngokwamkela iNkomfa (iNgqungquthela), Amazwe azibophelela ekuthatheni amanyathelo okuphelisa zonke iindlela zocalulo lwamabhinqa.
Isicwangciso SenkquboYokusebeza SeNkomfa Yamazwe onke, Engenani Labemi Kunye Nophuhliso (CAIRO, 1994)1
Kwavunywa ukuba kukho imfuneko yokwamkela umahluko okhoyo weendlela ezime ngayo iintsapho ehlabathini kule mihla.
Inkomfa Yesine Yehlabathi Yezizwe Ezimanyeneyo Engemibandela Yamabhinqa yabanjelwa eBeijing ngoSeptemba ka1995. Ubhengezo neqonga lokuthath'amanyathelo amkelwa ngesivumelwano eNkomfeni. IQonga Lokuthath'amanyathelo LaseBeijing limisela I-ajenda yokugunyazisa amabhinqa kwaye imemela oorhulumente, uluntu lwehlabathi kwanabahlali gabalala ukuba bathathe amanyathelo obuchule bokuphatha umcimbi kwimimandla eli-12 ebalulekileyo nefuna ingqwalaselo. Ubhengezo lujongene nemithetho siseko emithathu:
Ukugunyaziswa kwamabhinqa;
Ukukhuthazwa nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo amabhinqa; no-
Kuqinisekiswa kwakhona kwamalungelo amabhinqa njengamalungelo oluntu.
Inkomfa yabandakanya njengenye yemigaqo nkqubo esisiseko, ukuba uphuhliso, ukhuseleko, nomqondo wamalungelo amabhinqa kufuneka "abonise iintlobo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamabhinqa, zibonise ukuba amabhinqa ajongene nemiqobo engaphezulu ngenxa yemiba efana iyantlukwano yawo ngebala, intetho, ubuhlanga, inkcubeko, inkolo, indlela yokukhetha isini kwezocantsi, ukukhubazeka, ibakala ngokwasezimalini nomgangatho wasentlalweni, okanye umgangatho ngokwezinga lasentlalweni yemveli," ze akhokele oorhulumente ukuba babandakanye imibutho yabathandana nabesini esinye nesabo, ekuphuhlisweni nasekusekweni kweendlela zobuchule ekuqhutyelweni phambili kwamabhinqa.
Izixhobo ZoMmandla Ezikhuthaza Amalungelo Amabhinqa Anxulumene Nokuzikhethela Kwawo Isini Aya naso Kwezocantsi
Iphepha Lamalungelo (Itshatha) Lama-Afrika Ngamalungelo Oluntu
Itshatha ibethelela ngakumbi ukubambelela kwamaqela emibuso yase-Afrika kumgaqo nkqubo wamalungelo oluntu nabantu kwanenkululeko equlathwe kubhengezo, neengqungquthela nezinye izixhobo ezamkelwe nguMbutho weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, iNtshukumo yaMazwe Angamanyananga kunye neZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.
IsiBhengezo soPhuhliso LwaBemi (lweBandla) LwaMazantsi e-Afrika NgezeSini noPhuhliso, 1997
Isibhengezo lumisela ukuba "ulingano ngesini sisiseko samalungelo oluntu" kwaye isombulula uku"qinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwako konke ukungalingani ngesini emmandleni/kummandla.
UMgaqo-Siseko
Kuwo onke AMalungu oLuntu olusaKhulayo lwamaZantsi e-Afrika , nguMzantsi Afrika kuphela othembisa ngokucacileyo ukungahambelani nocalulo olusekwe kwindlela ubani akhetha ngayo aya naye ecantsini. Kukho ukwamkelwa okupheleleyo ngokwasemthethweni lokuba ngubani lwamaqela, nokuba akhetha ukulalana namabhinqa akugqiba ukuba ngawo ngokunokwawo okanye ukulalana namanye amadoda engamadoda ngokunokwawo, kwaye la maqela ahlqngqnisene ngentethwano ngamalungelo oluntu.
Kutsha nje, ucalulo ngokoqoqosho abajongene nalo abo bakhetha ukuya kwezesondo nabesini esinye nesabo lwamkeliwe, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiinzame zolwabiwo ngokutsha- umzekelo, ukunikwa kwamaqabane esini esinye iinzuzo zonyango neze-inshorensi ngokufanayo nabo bathandana baze batshate nesini esisesinye kunesabo.
Icandelo 9 loMgaqo-Siseko okukuqala nje lulungiselela umthetho siseko wolingano phambi komthetho. Likwaqinisekisa umthetho wokhuseleko ngokulinganayo nokuzuza komntu wonke kulo mthetho. Eli candelo likwathintela ucalulo olungafanelekanga kwimihlaba edwelisiweyo. Eli candelo lenza ukuba ukuthintelwa kocalulo olungafanelekanga malusebenze ngokuthe tyaba, oko kukuthi phakathi kwabantu. Indima yokugqibela yecandelo ithatha ngokuba alufanelekanga ucalulo nakuyiphi imihlaba edwelisiweyo.
INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko imisele ukuba naliphi na ilungelo lolingano lisekwe kuluvo lokuba wonke ubani unesidima sokuba ngumntu ngokulinganayo. ICandelo 9 ligxininisa ukupheliswa kocalulo olusekwe kwindlela umntu akhetha ngayo isini aya naso kwezocantsi.
UMgaqo-siseko ulungiselela ilungelo lokuba nokufikelela kuncedo lonyango kwicandelo 27 (a) elithi:
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokufikelela kwinkonzo zonyango, kubandakanya nonyango lezokuzala"
Ngokwesiqhelo iinzuzo zengqesho zibandakanya ubulungu kumalungiselelo onyango kwaye umqeshi anganika inkxaso engaphelelanga okanye epheleleyo kumrhumo wenyanga kulungiselelo lwezonyango lomsebenzi. Umntu usenokujoyina ukungiselelo lonyango ezimele yedwa. Umntu unokujoyina ulungiselelo lonyango ngendlela enye kwezimbini.: njengelungu, okanye njengoxhomekeke kwilungu, njengenxalenye yosapho lwelungu.
Imitshato yabesini esinye ayikamkelwa eMzantsi Afrika. IKhomishini yoMthetho yoMzantsi Afrika kungoku nje isawuqwalasela ngokutsha uMthetho woMtshato, ngenjongo yokufumana iindlela ongathi wamkele umtshato wabesini esinye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthandana kwabesini esinye kuyamkelw ukulungiselela iinjongo ezininzi emthethweni. Kubandakanya imihlala phantsi, imihlaba elilifa, amalungiselelo ezonyango neenzuzo zengqesho.
