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Umphandle > Ushicilelo > IiNkcukacha Zoluntu > U &gt Ugonyo Lukhuselekile

Ugonyo Lukhuselekile



2005

Isebe Lezempilo (The Government of South Africa)



ISISHWANKATHELO

Eli phetshana lichaza ukuba ngawaphi na amacebo athatyathiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amachiza akhuselekile.



1


UGONYO LUKHUSELEKILE
Iphetshana Elichaza Nge-EPI(SA)

* Intshayelelo
* Umthwalo Wesifo xa Uthelekiswa Nomngcipheko
* Ukhuseleko Nomgangatho Wamachiza
* Amachiza e-EPI(SA)
* Iphulo Lokuqinisekisa Ukhuseleko Lwamachiza
* Iindima Noxanduva
* Imiceli-mngeni
* Iinkcukacha Zoqhagamshelwano


1. INTSHAYELELO

Xa iWorld Health Organisation yaqalisa ngeenkqubo zayo zogonyo ngo-1974, apho kwagonywa abantwana behlabathi abangaphantsi kwesihlanu seepesenti. Amashumi amabini anesithandathu eminyaka emva koko, eli nani lenyuswa laya kufikelela kumashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu eepesenti zabantwana behlabathi. Izigidi ngezigidi zobomi babantwana baye basindiswa ze kwancitshiswa kakhulu nomthwalo wezigulo ezithintelekayo ngamachiza. Ngelixa izifo ezininzi zithe zaduka eluntwini, ngokumangalisayo ingxoxo ngokhuseleko logonyo isemi ngeenyawo.

Ukungathembakali kweenkqubo zogonyo eluntwini kukhokelele ekwehleni ngokumandla kwemigangatho yamanani amachiza (kumazwe athile la manani ehle ngama-25% kwiminyaka yoo-1990 ephakathi).

Iinkonzo zonxibelelwano lwehlabathi, ukwanda kolwazi lwabathengi, ulwazi olwandayo noluphangaleleyo kwinzululwazi kwakunye neengxoxo ezivulelekileyo ngemiba yempilo zibe negalelo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba koluntu kwimiba yononophelo lwempilo ze zakhokelela ekungathembakalini kwexabiso logonyo.

2. UMTHWALO OSESI SIFO XA UTHELEKISWA NOMNGCIPHEKO WOKUHLASELWA SISO

Ukugxininisa Kwiintshukumo Ezingalunganga Ezilandela Ugonyo endaweni yobomi obusindisiweyo kwakunye nomthwalo ocuthekileyo wezifo zibe negalelo ekuveleni kweempendulo ezisuka entliziyweni ngaphandle kokuza neenyaniso. Inani lamaqela ezikhangela iinkcukacha nolwazi ngeemveliso zamachiza lande kakhulu ngenxa yeentlekele ezehla mihla le kwicandelo loluntu lempilo.

Iintshukumo ezingalunganga nezayanyaniswa namachiza zifumane ukujongwa ngeliso elibi ze zagxekwa nokugxekwa luluntu. Kuyabonakala uluntu luyekile ukujongana nokoyika oobhubhane bezifo futhi kungoku nje lujongana nemiba engcno efana nomgangatho, ukhuseleko nokulingana.

Ukuba semngciphekweni wokosuleleka zizifo kwakunye nezigulo ezingumvuka wokungagonywa, kufuneka zixelelwe abazali kwanoluntu. Abasebenzi kunonophelo lwempilo nabo kufuneka bekhunjuziwe ngeenzuzo ezintle zogonyo.

Akukho mntwana kufuneka evinjwe ugonyo ngaphandle kokucingisiswa kweziphumo zoko, emntwaneni nakuluntu nje jikelele.

3. UKHUSELEKO NOMGANGATHO WAMACHIZA

Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo Mbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo kwakunye namahlakani awo baqhubekeke besenza iinzame benikezela nangezibonelelo zokuphucula ukhuseleko nogonyo. Ubuchule obutsha bokwenza oku obufana nesirinji esinokusetyenziswa kube kanye kuphela buye baveliswa.

Ilizwe ngalinye lineCandelo Lesizwe Elilawula obu buchule elivavanya umgangatho wamachiza, nokuba aveliswa kwelo lizwe okanye ngaphandle, ze ekugqibeleni ibe kwalelo candelo elamkela okanye elikhaba ukusetyenziswa kwelo chiza luluntu. UMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo ulibona ichiza lisemgangathweni owamkelekileyo xa livavanywe licandelo elizimeleyo lesiawe elijongana nomgangatho wamachiza ngokwemigawo ebekwe nguwo. Kufuneka kungabikoh zingxaki zisalayo zayanyaniswa nomgangatho welo chiza. Onke amachiza asetyenziswe kwinkqubo yesizwe yogonyo kufuneka, ngokwelona nqanaba lisezantsi, amelane futhi athobele izidingo zemigangatho yoMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo.

4. AMACHIZA E-EPI(SA)

Amachiza aqala avavanyelwe ukhuseleko nokuba ayasebenza ngokwenene na kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi phambi kokuba abhaliswe ze athengiswe apha eMzantsi Afrika. Onke amachiza athi avavanywe nguMbutho Ojongene Nolawulo Lwamachiza weli lizwe, obizwa ngokuba liBhunga Elilawula Amachiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza, umgangatho nokhuseleko phambi kokubhalswa nokqwamkelwa ukuze athengiswe.

Onke amachiza asetyenziswa kwiNkqubo ye-EPI(SA) enziwa ngokwemigaqo eqatha yokhuseleko. La machiza ayamelana nemigangatho yomgangatho, yokhuseleko neyokusebenza kwala machiza ebekwe nguMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo.

Amaqela lamachiza enzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweli lizwe avavanywa kwiNational Control Laboratory (NCL) eBloemfontein, ngaphambi kokuba abe nokukhutshwa. Emva kokukhutshelwa kwinkqubo yogonyo kukho inkqub esaqhubayo yokukhangelisiswa kokhuseleko nokusebenza kwamachiza ngokweemvavanyo kwakunye nokuthengiswa ezenziwa leli Bhunga Lilawula Amachiza, yiNkqubo ye-EPI kwakunye nabavelisi bamachiza.

INkqubo ye-EPI apha eMzantsi Afrika ize nenkqubo yokuphicothwa nokujongisiswa Kweentshukumo Ezingalunganga Ezilandela Ugonyo, ngo-1995, kuwo onke Mphondo eli lizwe.

Injongo yale nkqubo ye-EPI kwiiNtshukumo Ezingalunganga Ezilandela Ugonyo:
* kukuphucula umgangatho weenkonzo zogonyo;
* ukwandisa ukwamkeleka kogonyo kuluntu; kwakunye
* nokuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na intshukumo efana naleyo ithatyathwa ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kwisigulana, abazali kwakunye nabo beza namachiza.


Iintshukumo Ezingalunganga Ezilandela Ugonyo zingaqala kububomvu nobuhlungu obuqheleke kakhulu kwindawo efakwe kuyo inaliti, ukuya kwizigulo ezinqabileyo ezifana nokuba sesichengeni sokungamelani namachiza okanye nezidlo ezithile 1:100 000 to 1:1 000 000 zokusetyenziswa kwechiza lemasisi. Ezi ntshukumo zingalunganga zilandela emva kogonyo:

1. Zisenokwayanyaniswa Nenkqubo
2. Zibangelwe lichiza
3. Zizenzekele
4. Azaziwa

5. IPHULO LOKUQINISEKISA UKHUSELEKO LOGONYO

Ukuze ibe nokuhamba ngesantya esifanayo nenzululwazi entsha, ubugcisa obutsha kwakunye neenkxalabo zoluntu, uMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo udale iPhulo Lokhuseleko Kogonyo, phulo elo liya kujolisa:
* ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwamachiza olukhangelwa kwiimvavanyo zaseklinikhi ngokuthi asetyenziswe
* kuphando kwakunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo nezilula zokuhanjiswa kwamachiza
* ekwandiseni ukufikelela koluntu kubugcisa bokunikezela nokulahla la machiza obukhuselekileyo nobusebenzayo
* ekufumaniseni nasekunakulawulo lwemingcipheko ezayanyaniswa nogonyo


Kwiingxoxo ezishushu eziza nogonyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umlinganiselo wenkcaneko/wenzuzo kwanokubeka ezi Ntshukumo Zingalunganga Zilandela Ugonyo kwindawo eyiyo. Amachiza aziwa njengelona cebo lezononophelo lwempilo likhuselekileyo nelingatyabuli kakhulu emalini.

Iingxelo ezayamanisa ugonyo neAEFI ekusoloko kufumaniseka ukuba azinabunyani nezingenasiseko ziyaqhubekeka zivela njalo. Ezi ngxelo zingenasihlahla nezingaphandwanga ngokupheleleyo, zinethemba elininzi lokonakalisa indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo. Iingxoxo ezilukhabayo ugonyo zisusela kwizoyikiso nokungaqondi kakuhle okungenasihlahla. Kubalulekile ke ukukhumbula ukuba UMNGCIPHEKO wokosuleleka SISIFO uphakame kakhulu kunalowo wokunikezela NGECHIZA.

6. INDIMA EKUFUNEKA IDLALIWE NOXANDUVA

Luxanduva loorhulumente, amaqumrhu alawulayo, ishishini lamachiza, abanikezeli beenkozo zononophelo lwempilo kwakunye noluntu ukunikezela ingxelo ngazo naziphi na iintshukumo ezigatya nezisengela phantsi ugonyo. Kukho isidingo sokuphendula kunikezelwe neenyaniso kwiinkxalabo zabazali nezoluntu jikelele.

7. IMICELI-MNGENI

Iindlela zokumelana nemiceli-mngeni iquka ukuhlanganiswa kwendlela ekhathakayo kubazali nakwiintsana, ulwazi olutsha kwakunye nengqondo eyakhayo yokujongana nogonyo. Akukho sidingo sakulukhusela ugonyo. Yinyaniso eyaziwayo ukuba izifo ezithintelekayo ngamachiza zinobungozi futhi yaye ugonyo luyazithintela!

Imiceli-mngeni emitsha kwicandelo lophuhliso nokhuseleko lwamachiza isankqenkqeza phambili. Amachiza anzima ayadalwa ze avavanywe futhi oko kuya kudinga iinkqubo neendlela zokuwahlola zale mihla. Kwangaxesha-nye la machiza kufuneka acuthe iindlela zokuniwanikezela, enze lula ubugcisa bokuwanikezela ze awanikezele nangamaxabiso amahle ze futhi kubonakale neenzuzo ezizizo kwicandelo lononophelo lwempilo yoluntu.

Ngaphandle kwezindlu eziphuculweyo, izindlu zangasese kwakunye namanzi acocekileyo, amachiza la abe neempumelelo ezingenakuthelekiswa ekunciphiseni ukufa nokosuleleka zizifo. Kwelinye icala, le mpumelelo ingakhokelela ekugxininiseni ngendlela engenasihlahla kwezinye izigulo ezibangelwa ngala machiza.

Umngcipheko wonxibelelwano unikezela ngothotho lwezixhobo zokucacisa ukuba sesichengeni ngokuthelekiswa neenzuzo. Xa sithetha ngokhuseleko lwaso nasiphi na isiyobisi, sithetha ngokhuseleko olubonakalayo, olo ke lukhuseleko oluthelekiswa nokungawasebenzisi la machiza.

INkqubo ye-EPI iya kuqhubekeka isebenza nawo onke amahlakani ukuphucula zonke iinkalo zogonyo, ezifana nokhuseleko lwamachiza, uqeqeswho kwanokusebenza neli shishini ukuphucula ubugcisa bokunikezela ngala machiza.

Kungokuphucula umgangatho wononophelo lwempilo kwanokuhlala sizigcine engqondweni iinzuzo eziza namacebo okuthintela ukosuleleka zizifo apho ihlabathi langomso liya kuba yindawo enempilo engcono.

iSebe Lezempilo liya kuqhubekeka liphakamisa inzuzo zokugonywa kwabemi boMzantsi Afrika, bonke abasebenzi kwicandelo lononophelo lwempilo kwakunye nabo banikezela ngoncedo lwezempilo.

UKUZE UFUMANE EZINYE IINKCUKACHA, QHAGAMSHELANA:

neNkqubo Eyandisiweyo Yogonyo
kwiSebe Lezempilo
Private Bag X828
ePitoli, 0001

Inombolo Yomnxeba: 012 312 0099
Inombolo Yefeksi: 012 321 9882





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Umxholo okweli phepha wagqibela ukuhlaziywa nge- 1 uAgasti 2005



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