Umhlaba (umbona)									IsiXhosa

Ndifikelela njani emhlabeni?

Imiyalelo: 

Folio strap: Ukwabiwa komhlaba

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA yoPhuhliso lwamaFama



Esinye sezicelo ezixhaphake kakhulu esizifumana ebantwini sesi – “Ndifuna umhlaba. Ningandinceda?” Impendulo yokuqala ithi “Hayi”. Njengecandelo leNkqubo yaseGrain SA yoPhuhliso lwamaFama, asibandakanyeki ekufuneleni abantu ufikelelo emhlabeni.

Ukuba besinako ukukwenza oku, besingenako ukuba nexesha lokwenza nayiphi enye into kuba wonke umntu unephupha lokuba nomhlaba nokuba ngumlimi. Kwinkqubo yethu sinika inkxaso ebantwini asebenofikelelo emhlabeni nakwizixhobo. 

Emva kowe-1994, isebe elisekwe ngokutsha leMibandela yezeMihlaba liqalise inkqubo lwenguquko kwezemihlaba ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ngeenkqubo. Malunga nale ngxoxo, siza kuphelela kwinguquko kwezemihlaba ngokwabiwa kwawo ngokutsha asizi kuxoxa ngemibango yemihlaba nokubuyiselwa kwayo. Khumbula, kaloku inkqubo yethu ifuna ukumisela abalimi abaxhotyiswe ngamandla okurhweba ngoko ke ugqaliselo lwethu lusekufumaneni umhlaba oza kukhupha imveliso ngokuncedisa umlimi osemtsha, kunokuncedisa abo bafuna ukuba ngabanini bomhlaba ngezinye izizathu. 

Ubonelelo Lokufumana Umhlaba Wokuhlala (Settlement Land Acquisition Grant -SLAG) 

Inkqubo yokuqala yeMibandela yezeMihlaba ibe luBonelelo Lokufumana Umhlaba Wokuhlala (SLAG). Oku kuye kwahambelana kakhulu nobonelelo lwezindlu apho umzi ngamnye uye wanemfanelo yobonelelo lwe-R15 000. Ngelishwa, akukho fama ethengiswa nge-R15 000, ngoko ke abantu ababefuna ukuthenga ifama kwafuneka ukuba badibane ngokwamaqela bayithenge kunye ifama. 

Zininzi izizathu ezenze ukuba esi sixokelelwano singasebenzi: 

Ukubeka abantu ngokwamaqela kudala ungquzulwano ngaphandle kokuba banenjongo efanayo; 

Ezinye iindlalifa zilindela izinto ezingenakwenzeka ngomsebenzi wokufama kuba zicinga ukuba umsebenzi wokufama yindlela ekhawulezayo eya kuchulumanco nobutyebi;

Iindlalifa bezinamava amancinci okanye angekhoyo kwaphela ngomsebenzi wokufama. Ukuba ukhe wasebenza efama, oko akuqinisekisi ukuba uxhobile ngokuba ngumlimi ozimeleyo;

Akubangakho bonelelo lwenziweyo lokuphonononga ngemali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini nophuhliso lwesakhiwo esisisiseko;

Bekukho inkxaso encinci okanye ingekho kwayona evela kwiSebe lezoLimo;

Beluluncinci uqeqesho olufanelekileyo okanye lungekho;

Asizizo zonke iindlalifa ebezinomdla ngokulinganayo ekuzinikeleni ngokwenza umsebenzi wokufama ube yimpumelelo;

Bekungekho miqathango yokukhetha iindlalifa; kananjalo

Iindlalifa bezinganyanzelekanga ukuba zihlale efama.



Ukwabiwa Komhlaba ngenjongo Yophuhliso Lwezolimo (Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development - LRAD) 

ISebe leMibandela yezeMihlaba liqondile ukuba esi sixokelelwano asisebenzi kakuhle saza sakhutshwa ngokufaka isicwangciso Sokwabiwa Komhlaba ngenjongo Yophuhliso Lwezolimo (LRAD). Oku kube kukuphuculwa kwe-SLAG ngolu hlobo:

Ibe lubonelelo lwabantu ngabanye (ayibanga saphinda ibe lubonelelo lwemizi) nto leyo ethethe ukuba amalungu amaninzi osapho olunye angaphezulu kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala ebe nayo imfanelo yokufumana ubonelelo;

Olona bonelelo luncinci lube ngama-R20 000 (obeluthe chatha kunobonelelo lwe-SLAG lwe-R15 000); 

Ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo kungangqamaniswa ngokunyusa ubonelelo (lude lube lolona bonelelo luphezulu lwe-R100 000 ngegalelo lomntu lama-R400 000). Le ibiyindlela yokutsala abantu asebephumelele ukuzuza imali ethile eyinkunzi, (nalapho kuba bebekhe baqhuba amashishini okanye amanye amashishini). 



Uninzi lwezi zicwangciso nazo aziphumelelanga, ngezizathu ezilandelayo: 

Iindlalifa bezisakhuthazwe ukuba zenze amaqela njengoko ubonelelo lwabantu ngabanye belungakulingenanga ukuthenga ifama;

Iziphumo ebezilindelwe ziindlalifa bezisakholisa ngokuba zizinto ezingenzekiyo;

Iindlalifa bezinamava amancinci okufama okanye zingenawo kanti nawokulawula zingenawo; 

Beluluncinci kakhulu ulungiselelo olwenziweyo lokuphonononga ngemali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini nophuhliso lwesakhiwo esisisiseko;

Bekukho inkxaso encinci okanye ingekho kwayona evela kwiSebe lezoLimo;

Beluluncinci uqeqesho olufanelekileyo okanye lungekho;

Asizizo zonke iindlalifa ebezinomdla ngokulinganayo ekuzinikeleni ngokwenza umsebenzi wokufama ube yimpumelelo;

Ngelishwa, ibingekabikho imiqathanga yokukhetha; kananjalo 

Iindlalifa bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba zihlale efama.



Isicwangciso Sokuzibonakalisa Ngokufumana Umhlaba Phambi Kwenkathazo (Proactive Land Acquisition Scheme -PLAS) 

Ngokubona ukuba esi sixokelelwano besingakwazanga ngokwaneleyo ukuphumelela, iSebe leMibandela yezeMihlaba liphinde kwakhona lazama isicwangciso esitsha – Isicwangciso Sokuzibonakalisa Ngokufumana Umhlaba. Ngokwengcingane ekhoyo esi sixokelelwano ibisesokunika iindlalifa ezinomdla ithuba lokuzibonakalisa, phambi kokunikwa ifama. 



I-PLAS isebenza ngesixokelelwano sokuba uRhulumente uthenga umhlaba owabiwayo. Le fama iyabhengezwa ukuze amaqela anomdla anike izizathu ezifunekayo zokuba kutheni efuna ukunikwa ithuba lokufama. Ithuba lokuqeshisa lalicwangciselwe iminyaka emithathu, ukuze emva koko “umgcini” akwazi ukuyithenga ifama xa ezibonakalise njengofaneleke ukuba abe ngumnini womhlaba, okanye umgcini ebeya kukhutshwa kufakwe omnye “umgcini” ongumlimi oonolangazelelo. Esi sicwangciso senguquko kwezemihlaba siveze enye iseti yeengxaki. Uninzi lwezi ngxaki bezifana nezamathuba adlulileyo, kodwa ezinye ibizezintsha: 

Iziphumo ezilindelwe ziindlalifa bezisakholisa ngokuba zizinto ezingenakwenzeka;

Iindlalifa bezinganyanzelekanga ukuhlala efama;

Iindlalifa bezinamava amancinci okufama okanye zingenawo kanti nawokulawula zingenawo; 

Ibingekabikho imiqathango yokukhetha; 

Beluluncinci kakhulu ulungiselelo olwenziweyo lokuphonononga ngemali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini nophuhliso lwesakhiwo esisisiseko;

Bekukho inkxaso encinci okanye ingekho kwayona evela kwiSebe lezoLimo;

Beluluncinci uqeqesho olufanelekileyo okanye lungekho;

Abagcini baqhuba ngenkxalabo eseyikhona, kodwa kaninzi abanalufifi ngomsebenzi weshishini lasefama. Abanamava emfuyo, okuvelisa izityalo endlela yokusebenza efama ngenxa yoko unobangela wentsilelo epheleleyo sukuba selekhona kakade;

Kwiziganeko ezithile, iitrektara nezixhobo zokusebenza ezisefama bezikwimeko egxekeka kakhulu, okanye zaphukile. Ngaphandle kolwazi namava naphandle kwemali efunekayo yokuzikhanda, umgcini akakwazi kuzisebenzisa izixhobo; 

Malunga nokuvelisa izityalo, iindleko ngehektare nganye yemveliso imalunga ne-R5 000. Ukuba umlimi ufuna ukulima ama-200 eehektare, (engeyondawo enkulu ngokwemveliso yokurhweba), Oku kubandakanya utyalo-mali lwesigidi esinye seerandi nje sokufaka isatyalo emhlabeni (oko akuquki imali efunekayo yokunika inkonzo nokukhanda iitrektara nezixhobo). Umlimi akangomnini-mhlaba, kwaye akanamava ethuba langaphambili okwenza umsebenzi wokufama. Oku kuthetha ukuba akanako ukufikelela kwimali-mboleko yemveliso. Ngaphandle kwemali-mboleko yemveliso, akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba lo mlimi abe nesigidi seerandi esifunekayo sokulima iihektare ezingama-200; 

Masithathe ngokuthi umlimi unemali yokukhanda iitrektara nezixhobo nokulima isityalo. Ingaba bubulumko ukuchitha imali yakho emhlabeni nakoomatshini?; 

Kwifama yezityalo, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ezahluka-hlukileyo zezixhobo – ukususela kwikhuba, ikhuba lezikotile, isikrazuli, ierhe, ikhuba lokutshweza, isikofolo, iphiko lokujikelezisa, xa sibala ezimbalwa kuphela. Ngaphandle kwamava aneleyo, umlimi akawazi nomahluko phakathi kwazo zonke izixhobo kwaye phantse ngokuqinisekileyo akasayi kuyazi indlela yokuziseka ngokufanelekileyo, okanye indlela yokuzisebenzisa ngendlela enokunika okona kwaneliseka kuphezulu; kananjalo

Elinye lamagatya akubhambathiso phakathi komgcini neSebe leMibandela yezeMihlaba lithi umgcini akanako ukuqeshisa umhlaba awuqeshiselweyo kumlimi orhwebayo, okanye angene kwimvumelwano yolwabelwano ngezityalo nomnye umlimi. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali-mboleko yemveliso, nokungavunyelwa ukufama nomnye umntu, lo mlimi uya kufunda njani ukuze afikelele ekukhupheni imveliso ngokupheleleyo? 



Kunokubonakala ngengxoxo engentla ukuba amalinge ethu enguquko yezemihlaba inemiceli-mngeni exhalabisayo. Uninzi lweengxaki azibonakalanga kwithuba langaphambili kodwa amalinge okuguqula icandelo lezolimo ebeneenjongo ezilungileyo. 



EMzantsi Afrika, besinethuba elilusizi kakhulu elidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sijongane neenyaniso ezikhoyo. Ngethuba lombuso wangaphambili, ezolimo bezisezandleni zabamhlophe kwaye ngenxa yoko, kufuneka sikhuthaze ukubandakanyeka kwecandelo lokufama okurhwebayo kwimizamo yethu yokuguqula icandelo. 



Inguquko enempumelelo kwezemihlaba ifuna iqela lezinto ezisebenza kunye: 

Icandelo malibe nako ukuzisa inzuzo (lingafani nosebenzi wokulima ukutya okuziinkozo kweli xesha langoku); 

Iindlalifa mazikhethwe kwaye ziqeqeshwe;

Mayibe nako ukufumaneka imali eyinkunzi yokuqalisa ishishini ukwenzela imveliso nophuhliso nophuhliso lwesakhiwo esisisiseko; 

Amaqumrhu empahla ekusetyenzwa ngayo mawazibandakanye kuphuhliso lwabalimi kwicandelo labo; kananjalo

Imizamo karhulumente mayinxulunyaniswe kwaye ixesha lichaneke.



Iiprojekthi ezingaphumelelanga

Ngenxa yesiphumo semigaqo-nkqubo neenkqubo zethuba langaphambili, ziliqela ezinye iiprojekthi ezingaphumelelanga. Zisilele ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi (njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla). Yinto eqondakala ngokupheleleyo ukuba iSebe elitsha elisandula ukwakhiwa loPhuhliso lwamaPhandle neNguquko kwezeMihlaba linqwenela ukuvuselela ezo projekthi lize libuyisele umhlaba umva kuphuhliso phambi kokuqalisa ngeeprojekthi ezintsha. 



Ukuba ukunikwa kwempilo kwezi projekthi kufanele ukuba nempumelelo, kubaluleke kangako ukuba unobangela wentsilelo uqondeke – kwaye oku kuya kwenza ukuba ingxaki nganye ifane yodwa. Kulula kakhulu ukuthi iprojekthi isilele ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali. Ewe, kwiziganeko ezininzi, unqongophalo lwemali lube yenye yeengxaki, kodwa ukujula imali kwiprojekthi akusayi kusombulula nto kwaye kuya kudla ungquzulwano olutsha njengoko iindlalifa ebezilahlekelwe ngumdla zayishiya iprojekthi ziya kubuya, ngethemba lokufumana imali kwiprojekthi evusiweyo. 



Kufuneka senze oku: 

Ukuhlalutya oyena nobangela wentsilelo;

Ukuchonga iindlalifa ezizinikele ngokupheleleyo nezisafuna ukufama;

Ukunceda kuphela iindlalifa ezinothakazelelo lokuhlala efama. Umsebenzi wokufama asiloshishini elinokwenziwa ngexesha elingaphelelanga. Abalimi abaphumeleleyo bahlala emhlabeni lowo baze bachithele i-100% yexesha labo emsebenzini wokufama; 

Ukusebenzisa abantu abanamava enene ekuhlalutyeni ifama nokuncedisa iindlalifa ngesicwangciso esisebenzisekayo ukuze ifama inike imveliso; kananjalo

Ukubandakanya iindlalifa kwinkqubo yoqeqesho neyophuhliso lwezakhono nelawulwa liqumrhu lempahla esetyenziswayo lombutho wabalimi bendawo leyo, ukuze abalimi abatsha baqhagamshelaniswe kwicandelo labarhwebi ukususela ekuqaleni. 



Xa besinokwenza ukuba umsebenzi wenguquko kwezolimo usebenze eMzantsi Afrika, kufuneka sibambane ngezandla, sifunde ukuthembana, sibumbe icandelo ukuze silenze ezolimo icandelo elithatha indawo yalo efanelekileyo njengentsika yoqoqosho lwasemaphandleni. 

