

Bio ethanol									Xhosa



I-ethanol yendalo – kwenzeka ntoni kwezopolitiko?



Instructions: 

Folio strap: I-bio ethanol

Byline: nguJenny Mathews, usihlalo wenkqubo yophuhliso lwamafama yaseGrain SA



Ukuba ubunika ingqalelo kuphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo olungqonge ingxoxo-mpikiswano ngezibaseli eziyindalo, uya kukhumbula ukuba kukho ixhala elikhulu malunga nokusetyenziswa kombona, umthombo obalulekileyo wokutya, ekwenzeni isibaseli! Ngaxeshanye kukho abenzi bezigqibo ezenziwa phezu kolwazi abakholelwa ukuba umbona xa usiwa kwishishini le-ethanol unokuba namandla eempembelelo anika ithemba kumba wokhuseleko lokutya.



Amafama ombona asesichengeni samaxabiso ahlawulwayo emveliso yawo ahla enyuka ngendlela emangalisayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba izivuno zixhaphakile na nokuba akunjalo. Kuthe kweli xesha lonyaka lendyebo apho ixabiso lombona lasuka lasezantsi kumaxesha amabini adlulileyo onyaka odlulileyo baza abavelisi bombona abaxhalabileyo baqalisa ukukhangela eminye imimandla yentengiso emitsha ukwenzela izityalo zabo zeenkozo.



UWessel Lemmer, ingcali yezoqoqosho ekwisikhundla esiphezulu: eGrain SA, uthe uMzantsi Afrika uvelisa izigidi zeetoni ezisi-8,6 zombona ngonyaka ngamnye, kanti unesakhono sokuvelisa izigidi zeetoni ezili-12. Zingaphezulu kwesigidi iihektare zomhlaba okhoyo ezizihlalele nje ngenxa yemimandla yentengiso ebuthathaka kumashumi amabini eminyaka edlulileyo. Amafama kuye kwafuneka ukuba amelane neendleko ezinyuka ngokukhawuleza zegalelo lo gama ixabiso lombona lingathembakali kwaye liguquguquka nto leyo engawenzi umsebenzi wemveliso yombona ukuba ube yinto ephilayo okanye enokuthenjwa. ‘Xa sinokuba nommandla wentengiso onesakhono seetoni zezigidi ezithathu,” uthethe wathi, “singaba sifaka igalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni koqoqosho kweli lizwe.”



Kodwa bakhona abanye abadlali bendima aboyikayo ukusebenzisa umbona njengomthombo ongomnye wamandla ngengqiqo yokuba oko kuya kuwanyusa kakhulu amaxabiso okutya okungundoqo kuze kubeke esichengeni ukhuseleko lokutya kwisizwe esixhomekeke kwinkxaso yombona ekunikeni abantu baso ukutya okusisiseko. NgoJulayi 2007, umphathiswa wezeNzululwazi nezoBugcisa, uMosibudi Mangena, wathi abaphathi baqalisile ukuthandabuza ubulumko bokusebenzisa umbona njengomthombo ongundoqo wamandla ahlaziyekayo.” Eminye yemibuzo ebuzwayo yile: “Ukuba sivelisa i-ethanol kwiswekile nasemboneni, oku kuya kuthetha ntoni malunga nokhuseleko lokutya?” utshilo.



NgoAgasti 2007, umlawuli webhanki esentloko yaseMzantsi Afrika, uTito Mboweni, unike isilumkiso sokuba umkhwa osehlabathini wokusebenzisa umbona njengomthombo we-ethanol wenze ukuba amaxabiso okutya anyuke kakhulu. Ucebise urhulumente ukuba nangona ivakala imfuneko yokuvelisa izibaseli zendalo, umba wombona-owenziwa–iethanol uyaxhalabisa wabe esithi ukujika iswekile ibe yiethanol yeyona ndlela ngeyilandelwa leyo.



AbakwaGrain SA, bekunye neAgribusiness Chamber, iBhunga leNtengiso yeZolimo lweSizwe (National Agricultural Marketing Council) nabameli boMbutho weZibaseli zeNdalo zaseMzantsi Afrika (SA Biofuels Association – SABA) baye badibana noMnu Mboweni bamnika ingxelo ekhanyisa iimpembelelo ezinika ithemba ezinokubakho zemveliso yombona-owenziwa-iethanol kumsebenzi wemveliso yombona nakukhuseleko lokutya. 



UAndrew Makenete, umongameli we-SABA, ukholelwa ekubeni ishishini lezibaseli eziyindalo liya kunika ithuba ngezizathu ezininzi. Liya kutsala ulwandiso-mali kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni lize likhuthaze uphuhliso kwezolimo olunqweneleka kangako noluya kuba neempembelelo ngendlela enika ithemba kubalimi abaninzi abatsha kweli lizwe. I-SABA iyalukhuthaza uluvo loMzantsi Afrika lokuthatha ukutya kweentlobo ngeentlobo okuya kubandakanya umbona, kodwa nommoba ngokunjalo, isityalo seswekile, amazimba aswiti naweenkozo phakathi kwezinye.



Elinye ilizwe elinika inkxaso kwishishini lombona-ukuya-kwiethanol lelikaKobus Lindeque, Umbhexeshi Olawula kwiMonsanto ukwenzela iAfrika esezantsi kweSahara. Ukholelwa ekubeni nawuphi umsebenzi oyilwayo we-ethanol-ukuya-emboneni wona nemfuno enkulu yawo yombona uya kunika ithuba elihle kurhulumente lokuhlalisa abalimi abamnyama kwiifama njengenxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo woqulunqo olutsha lwezemihlaba. 



Emva kokubambezeleka ithuba elide, urhulumente wazise ngeSicwangciso sobuchule Bezibaseli Zendalo ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 2007. Nazi izicatshulwa ezibalulekileyo:

“Inguquko ebalulekileyo kwisicwangciso sobuchule esiluyilo kukusebenzisa ukujolisa kwethuba elifutshane (leminyaka emi-5 lokululinga) ukuze kuphunyezwe inqanaba lokutyhutyha le-2% lezibaseli zendalo kwinkxaso yezibaseli ezilulwelo zesizwe, okanye iilitha ezizigidi ezingama-400 ngonyaka. Inqanaba ekujoliswe kulo kubuyelelwe ukusuka kwebekujoliswe kulo le-4,5% elalisungulwe kuqala kuxwebhu eliyilwayo lwesicwangciso sobuchule. Izityalo ezilandelayo zindululwe ngenjongo yemveliso yezibaseli zendalo kweli lizwe: malunga neethanol eyindalo, ibe ngummoba nesityalo seswekile kanti malunga nojongilanga we-diesel yendalo, ibe yi-canola neembotyi zesoya. Ukushiywa ngaphandle kwezinye izityalo ezifana nombona ne-Jatropha kusekwe kwiinkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko lokutya.



“Abandisi-mali abaliqela babonise umdla wabo ngophuhliso lwezibaseli eziyindalo. Abanye abadlali-ndima bamashishini sebevelisa iethanol yendalo ukwenzela imimandla yentengiso ephatheka esandleni nethumela ngaphandle utywala (alcohol) kwaye baphuhlisa isakhono se-ethanol esisibaseli kumazwe angqonge eli. Abanye abalimi bombona, bedibene nabandisi-mali babucala, bazise ngenjongo yabo yokwakha iifektri zombona-ukuya-kwiethanol eziliqela. Lo msebenzi ke kodwa awuqhubanga kakuhle ngenxa yeentandabuzo malunga nemithetho nezinto ezikhuthazayo nangenxa yokunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso ombona kweli lizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ixabiso lombona lande ubukhulu becala ngenxa yeUSA, evelisa malunga nama-50% ombona worhwebo lwehlabathi, ze malunga nama-25% yesityalo sabo isijikele kwimveliso ye-ethanol, kananjalo oko kuthobe inkxaso yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwezolimo. Ixabiso lombona wehlabathi liyanda kananjalo nonqongophalo lwezidlo ezisisiseko eMexico, zinto ezo ebezinxulumene ngokungqalileyo nezenzo zolwandiso-mali ngezibaseli eziyindalo, zibe neempembelelo kuMzantsi Afrika zokukhuphela ecaleni ukusetyenziswa kombona kumabanga awo asekuqaleni ukwenzela uphuhliso lwezibaseli eziyindalo.”



Ukushwankathela, urhulumente udandalazise iinkxalabo zakhe ngokhuseleko lokutya xa ebevakalisa isigqibo sakho sokususa umbona kuludwe lwezityalo ezinokusetyenziswa kwibakala lokuqala lesicwangciso sobuchule ngezibaseli zendalo ekukudala zilindile, kodwa isicwangciso sobuchule sangoku sindulula imveliso yezibaseli zendalo ze-2% ngo-2013.



UMphathiswa Lulu Xingwana uye wamema abakwaGrain SA kwingxoxo ekuthe emva kwayo kwakhutshwa ingxelo elandelayo:



Awuvalwanga umnyango ngemveliso ye-ethanol yendalo eyenziwe ngombona

Ngokusabela kwisimemo esenziwe nguMphathiswa weZolimo neMibandela yeMihlaba, uNks. Lulu Xingwana, kwabanjwa ingxoxo ngoLwesine umhla we-13 December 2007, phakathi kwesebe lakhe, abakwaGrain SA, i-Agri SA ne-NAFU. Ingxoxo ibijoliswe kwisigqibo esenziwe yiKhabhinethi sokukhuphela ngaphandle umbona kwisicwangciso sobuchule seshishini lwezibaseli zendalo. Wazise intlanganiso ngokuba isigqibo seKhabhinethi sisekwe kwinkxalabo yabo yokuba akusayi kubakho nkxaso yeshishini le-ethanol yendalo elilondolozekayo ngaphandle kokhuselo lokutya oluya kuba sisithintelo.



Wongeze ngelithi asiyonjongo yeKhabhinethi ukukhuphela ngaphandle umbona xa uveliswa ngezixa eziba nentsalela kananjalo utshilo ukuba yinto eza kwenzeka ukuqhuba ngeengxoxo malunga nalo mba noMphathiswa weZimbiwa naMandla, uNks. Buyelwa Sonjica neKhabhinethi. Iziganeko ezongezelelweyo zophando liqela elisebenza ngezibaseli zendalo zamkelekile, ngaphandle kokuba uMzantsi Afrika unokuvelisa umbona othe chatha kunalowo unokusetyenziswa emakhaya. 



Ukuqhubela phambili lo mba kweli banga, luxanduva lweShishini ukuvelisa umbona othe chatha ukuze uMphathiswa anikwe amanqaku engxoxo-mpikiswano ayimfuneko ekuboniseni iKhabhinethi imfuneko yokubandakanya umbona kwisicwangciso sobuchule seshishini. Elona nqaku libalulekileyo elithunyelwa ebantwini kukuba ukudalwa kwemimandla yentengiso emitsha ebonisa isakhono esibonakalayo semveliso ethe chatha kunaleyo eyimfuno yangoku kuya kuba negalelo ngendlela enika ithemba kukhuselo lokutya. 

