Sikuvuyela kakhulu ukuninika le ncwadi. Siyathemba ukuba niyakuyifunda ngononophelo kuba inixelela ngamalungelo enu njengabantwana.
Ngo-1995, urhulumente wethu wasayina iMvumelwano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo omNtwana. Oku kuthetha ukuba sivumile ukuthobela imitehtho ekhethekileyo emalunga nokuba kufuneka baphathwe njani na abantwana kwilizwe xa lilonke. Ukuba ngaba asiyithobeli le mithetho, siyakuba sengxakini enkulu kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo!
Kodwa into enye esiyiqapheleyo eMzantsi Afrika kukuba, iMvumelwano imalunga nabantwana, kodwa ayibhalwanga ngendlela abantwana abanokuyiqonda ngokulula ngayo, Kunceda ntoni ke oko, siyazibuza. Ngokuqinisekileyo abantwana kufuneka babe nako ukuwaqonda amalungelo abo?
Yiloo nto ke sigqibe ekubeni siyibhalele wena.
Amalungelo akule ncwadi ngamalungelo akho. Ngawontwana ngamnye woMzantsi Afrika kunye nomntwana ngamnye kwilizwe lonke. Akukho mntu ungawathatha la malungelo kuwe.
Ngoko ke qiniseka ukuba uyawazi!
Wahloniphe amalungelo abanye!
Sincede ekwakheni ikamva lelizwe lethu!
Kwaye qiniseka ukuba wonwaba kakhulu kwangaxesha nye!
uMphathiswa wezobuLungisa uSekela Mphathsiwa wezobuLungisa noPhuhliso loMgaqo-siseko noPhuhliso loMgaqo-siseko
Kudala-dala ndandingumntwana.
Ndinabantwana abangabam. Ngoko ke ndiyazi ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo emntwaneni kukuziva ekhuselwe kwaye ekhuselekile. Le ncwadi imalunga namalungelo abantwana ukuba bazive bekhuselekile kwaye bekhuselwe kwilizwe lethu. Ndizibophelele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uyawazi amalungelo akho kunye nokuba wonke umntu kwisebe lam usebenza nzima ukuba akhusele wena, usapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo.
UMlawuli-Jikelele
KwiSebe lezobuLungisa noPhuhliso loMgaqo-siseko
Ndiyazi ukuba ningabantu abadala bexa elizayo belizwe
Ndiyaqonda kwakhona ukuba njengabantwana eningabo ngoku, ninemfuno enkulu yokuba nizive nikhuselekile, nikhuselwe, nixatyisiwe kwaye nikhathalelwe. Ndiyaqonda kuba nam ndake ndaba ngumntwana. Ngumsebenzi wam ke ngoko owokuqinisekisa ukuba abo benza amatyala olwaphulo mthetho abhekiselwe ebantwananeni bayatshutshiswa kwaye bohlwaywe ngokufanelekileyo. Ndiwuthatha ngondileko umsebenzi wam kwaye ndizibophelele ekugcineni ubomi obukhuselekileyo nobunentlonipho benu. Le ncwadi yeyenu kwaye iyakuninceda nazi ukuba kokuphi na ukuziphatha okungamkelekanga kwaye nixele abo bantu badala kunye nabantwana abaphazamisa amalungelo enu. Bonke abantwana belizwe mabawonwabele la malungelo.
BULELANI NGCUKA
Umlawuli weSizwe
UTshutshiso loluNtu
Sonke singabosapho olukhulu lwabantu
Sonke singabosapho olukhulu kakhulu lwabantu. Sinoobhuti noosisi kwilizwe xa lilonke.
Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, phambi kokuba uzalwe, bonke oorhulumente belizwe baye bahlangana ukuze baseke urhulumente welizwe lonke ekuthiwa ziZizwe eziManyeneyo. Aba rhulumente bavumelana ukuba ilungu ngalinye losapho lwethu lwabantu linelungelo lenkululeko, ubulungisa kunye noxolo elizweni.
Kwaye wonke umntu uthetha wonke umntu ngokugqibeleleyo. Nokuba sivela phi na okanye singobani na. Nokuba sizizityebi okanye singamahlwempu okanye siphakathi. Nokuba singumbala onjani na, uhlanga okanye inkolo. Nokuba singamadoda okanye abasetyhini okanye amantombazana okanye amakhwenkwe.
Kodwa kucacile ukuba abantwana bafuna ukhathalelo kunye noncedo olungaphaya kunolo lufunwa ngabantu abakhulileyo. Yiloo nto iMvumelwano (isivumelwano) kumaLungelo omNtwana kwavunyelwana ngayo ziZizwe eziManyeneyo ngowama-20 Novemba 1989.
IMvumelwano kumaLungelo umNtwana
Zininzi izizathu ezenza ukuba iZizwe eziManyeneyo zizikhathaze ngamalungelo abantwana kwaye zibe nemvakalelo yokuba amalungelo akhethekileyo ayafuneka.
Okokuqala, iZizwe eziManyeneyo ziqinisekile ukuba abantwana bakhula ngcono kusapho okanye ekhaya apho banokonwaba khona, bathandwe kwaye baqondwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintsapho kunye nabo bajonga abantwana kufuneka bakhuselwe ukuze babe nako ukunakekela abantwana babo kwaye babancede ukuba bakhule.
Okwesibini, abantwana kufuneka bakhule ngendlela eyakubenza ukuba ibe ngabantu abadala abathathela kubo uxanduva kwaye babe ngamalungu oluntu lwabo. Kufuneka ukuba bafundiswe ukuhlala elizweni ngoxolo, isidima, ukunyamezela, inkululeko, ukulingana kunye nangokumanyana.
Okwesithathu, amaxwebhu kunye nezibhengezo ezininzi ezohlukeneyo zamazwe ngamazwe ziphakamise ukhathalelo, intlalo-ntle, ukuphathwa kunye nokukhuselwa okukhethekileyo kwabantwana. Kuyavakala ukubhalwa kwawo phantsi kuxwebhu olunye - uxwebhu lwabantwana kuphela.
Okwesine, nangona wonke umntu efuna ukuba bonke abantwana bakhule bonwabile kwaye bonelisekile, iZizwe eziManyeneyo ziyazi ukuba, kumazwe kwilizwe lonke, abantwana baphila phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ngezi zizathu kunye nezinye ezininzi, yinto entle ukuba neMvumelwano eKhethekileyo kuMalungelo omNtwana. Le Mvumelwano ithetha ngabo bonke ubunzima kunye neengxaki abantwana belizwe abanokujongana nazo kuqukwa nawo onke amalungelo akhethekileyo abantwana ekufuneka babe nawo.
Le yimvumelwano yakho
Le yimvumelwano yakho kwaye kubalulekile ukuba wazi ngayo nokuba imalunga nantoni na. Yenziwe ngeenxenye ezahlukeneyo (iZizwe eziManyeneyo ezibiza ngokuba "ngamanqaku").
Ibhalwe ngolwimi lomthetho ukwenzela ukuba isetyenziselwe ukhuselo lwakho ezinkundleni. Kodwa oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Yiyo loo nto sibhalele wena le ncwadi ngolwimi olulula.
Kodwa kuqala, kufuneka sikucacisele ukuba yintoni iMvumelwano kwaye yenzeke njani.
Njengoko sicacisile, iZizwe eziManyeneyo luhlobo lukarhulumente wehlabathi. Lo rhulumente udibana kwindlu enkulu kwizakhiwo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo e-New York. Kulapha ke apho baxoxa imicimbi ebalulekileyo elizweni njengeMvumelwano kumaLungelo omNtwana. Khumbula ukuba iMvumelwano sisivumelwano esiphakathi kwamazwe omhlaba.
Bakube bevumelene ngeMvumelwano, ilizwe ngalinye maliye kwiPalamente yalo kwaye livumelane ngeMvumelwano apho. Oku kuthiwa kukuqinisekiswa kweMvumelwano. IPalamente kufuneka ivotele ukuba iyakuyithobela imithetho yeMvumelwano. Yakube iPalamente yelizwe ivumile (ukuqinisekisa) iMvumelwano, urhulumente welo lizwe kufuneka athobele imithetho yayo.
Masikhumbule ukuba ayingawo onke amazwe avumela yonke iMvumelwano.
Ngo-1995, uRhulumente woMzantsi Afrika wavuma (ukuqinisekisa) iMvumelwano kumaLungelo omNtwana. Oku kuthetha ukuba urhulumente wethu makathobele imithetho yeMvumelwano.
IZizwe eziManyeneyo zinekomiti ekhethekileyo yabantu ekufuneka ibuze amazwe ukuba iwaxelele ukuba enzani ukuthobela le mithetho.
Xa uMzantsi Afrika wawusayina iMvumelwano, senza isithembiso esikhethekileyo kubantwana boMzantsi Afrika sokuba siyakubeka abantwana phambile kuyo yonke into oyenzayo.
INQAKU LOKU-1
Ilungelo lokuba ngumntwana
Imvumelwano ithi umntwana ngumntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ilizwe linokuba nomthetho ovumela umntwana ukuba abe ngumntu omdala kwangoko.
Ungacinga ngesizathu esinokwenza ukuba kutheni ilizwe linokuvumela ukuba umntwana abe ngumntu omdala engaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18? Umzekelo, kwamanye amazwe abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 bayavunyelwa ukuba batshate. Ingaba ucinga ukuba umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 kodwa etshatile kufuneka aphathwe njengomntwana?
INQAKU LESI-2
Bonke abantwana banamalungelo
Ilizwe ngalinye kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba onke amalungelo kule Mvumelwano asebenza kumntwana ngamnye kwelo lizwe.
Akukho mntwana makangabandakanywa ezintweni ngenxa yohlanga lwakhe, umbala, isini, ulwimi okanye inkolo.
Akukho mntwana makangabandakanywa ezintweni ngenxa yokuba iyintoni ayicingayo okanye ayithethayo okanye ngenxa yendawo asuka kuyo.
Akukho mntwana makangabandakanywa ezintweni ngenxa yokuba ehluphekile okanye esisityebi okanye ekhubazekile ngayo nayiphi na indlela.
Akukho mntwana makangabandakanywa ezintweni ngenxa yokuba ohlukile okanye ngenxa yokuba abazali bakhe okanye usapho lwakhe okanye abo bamkhathalelayo bebonwa njengokuba bohlukile okanye babi okanye abaqhelekanga.
Oorhulumente kufuneka bathabathe amanyathelo angqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abacalulwa okanye bohlwaywe ngenxa yento eyenziwe, ethethwe okanye ekukholelwa kuyo ngabazali babo, amalungu eentsapho okanye ngabo babakhathalelayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, umntwana kufuneka angasolwa ngenxa yento eyenziwe lilungu lelingumntu omdala okanye lusapho lwakhe kwaye apho umntwana ebengenakuyinceda into leyo.
Ingaba kukho nabaphi na abantwana obaziyo abamalungelo abo anokuba sengozini kuba bohlukile kwabanye abantwana? Cinga ngoku umzuzwana. Kutheni kunje oku? Yintoni ongayenza ukuthintela oku ukuba kwenzeke? Yintoni ongayithetha ukuthintela abanye abantu ekonzakaliseni aba bantwana?
INQAKU LESI-3
Ilungelo lokukhathalelwa
Onke amaziko entlalo-ntle, iinkundla kunye namanye amaqumrhu kunye nabantu abasebenza okanye abasebenzela abantwana kufuneka babeke kuqala oko kulungele ngcono umntwana.
Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abantwana banokhuselo kunye nokhathalelo abalufunayo. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba maba ngabahoyi abazali kunye nabanye abantu eyiyimfanelo yabo ukujonga abantwana.
Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise iindawo kunye neenkonzo abazinikayo zokuba kujongwe okanye kukhuselwe abantwana ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye zinempilo. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba kusoloko kukho abantu aboneleyo abaqeqeshwe kakuhle kunye nabafanelekileyo ukuba bakhathalele abantwana kunye nabantu abalungileyo abaphetheyo ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho nto ihamba ngokungalunganga.
Oorhulumente banemfanelo yokunika abantwana uncedo abalufunayo. Hlobo luni lwabantu ekufuneka baqeshwe ukuba banike olu ncedo? Kufuneka babaphathe njani abantwana? Ukuba ngaba abantwana kufuneka bahlale ezindaweni ezikude namakhaya, kufuneka zijongeke njani ezi ndawo? Khumbula ukuba aba bantwana banokuba banesithukuthezi kwaye bayoyika. Banokuba nomsindo kuba benokuziva bonzakele okanye belahliwe.
INQAKU LESI-4
Bonke oorhulumente mabenze okona kungcono banokukwenza
Oorhulumente abatyebileyo kunye nabahluphekayo kufuneka benze okona kungcono banokukwenza ukufumana iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo akule mvumelwano asebenza kubo bonke abantwana. Ukuba, ngazo zonke iinzame zalo, ilizwe alinayo imali eyoneleyo yokuhlawulela yonke into efunwa ngabantwana balo, kufuneka licele amanye amazwe ukuba alincede.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukluba amazwe enze zonke iinzame zokubeka okulungele abantwana kuqala?
INQAKU LESI-5
Abazali kunye nabakhathaleli kufuneka babakhokele abantwana babo
Oorhulumente kufuneka bayihloniphe into yokuba abazali kunye nabanye abakhathalela abantwana banemfabelo kunye nomsebenzi wokukhokela abantwana ekubeni bawasebenzisa njani amalungelo abo. Ngamanye amaxesha isikhokelo sinikwa lisiko lengingqi okanye yinkcubeko.
Okukhona umntwana aya esiba mdala okanye evuthwa, kokukhona aya kubandakanyeka kwizigqibo zolu hlobo.
Cinga ngoku. Ucinga ukuba umntwana kufuneka abe neminyaka emingaphi phambi kokuba aqonde kwaye asebenzise amalungelo akhe? Xa sithetha ngamanye amalungelo kamva kule ncwadi, inokukwenza ube nomdla eyokuthetha ngamanye awo nabazali bakho okanye abantu abakukhathalelayo. Ngaphaya koko, abantwana abancinane kakhulu kufuneka bakhokelwe kakuhle ngabantu abadala. Abantwana abadala bayaqala ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwamalungelo neemfanelo.
INQAKU LESI-6
Ilungelo lokuphila
Umntwana ngamnye unelungelo lokuphila.
Oku kuthetha ukuba oorhulumente kufuneka benze ngako konke abanako ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ngamnye uyaphila kwaye akhule (akhule esempilweni kwaye omelele).
Abantwana abazalelwe kwiindawo ezihlupheka kakhulu apho kukho khona izigulo ezininzi ezibajikelezileyo, kungekho manzi acocekileyo kwaye kukho uncedo oluncinane lwezonyango basweleka besebancinane. Oku kwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uncedo lunikwe oomama kunye neentsana zabo kweli bakala lobomi babo. Ingaba ungacinga ngezinye zezinto ezinokwenza ukuba ubomi bube ngcono koomama kunye neentsana kwaye zinike iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinane isiqalo esisempilweni ebomini?
AMANQAKU ELESI-7 NELESI-8
Ilungelo lokuba nguwe
Ukuzalwa kwabo bonke abantwana kufuneka kubhaliswe ngoko nangoko emva kokuba bezelwe. Abantwana banelungelo lokuba negama kunye nelungelo lokuba babe ngabamazwe (njengoMzantsi Afrika). Urhulumente ngamnye kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba oku kuyenzeka.
Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, abanatwana kufuneka babe nelungelo lokukhathalelwa ngabazali babo kwaye bazi ukuba ngoobani abazali babo.
Oorhulumente bayavuma ukuhlonipha ilungelo labantwana lokugcina kokuba ngubani kwabo.
Ukuba negama kunye nobuzwe (ukuba ngummi welizwe) kuthiwa kukwaziwa ukuba ungubani. Enye yezinto zokuqala ukuyifunda ebomini bakho kukuba ngubani igama lakho. Into elandelayo oyifundayo kukuba ongowoluphi na usapho kunye nokuba mingaphi iminyaka yakho. Xa ukuzalwa kwakho kubhaliswa unikwa igama lokuqala kunye negama losapho kunye nomhla wokuzalwa kwakho. Ubuzwe bakho nabo bubhalwa phantsi. Oku kuxela ukuba ungubani.
INQAKU LE-9
Ilungelo lokuba yinxenye yosapho
Abantwana banelungelo lokuba bangohlukaniswa nabazali okanye usapho lwabo bengafuni. Ngamanye amaxesha, nakuba, iinkundla zinokwenza isigqibo sokuba ukwahlukaniswa kokona kungcono emntwaneni. Mhlawumbi abazali bebemonzakalisa umntwana okanye bengamkhathaleli ngokufanelekileyo umntwana. Okanye mhlawumbi abazali bebengahlali kunye nokuba inkundla mayenze isigqibo sokuba ngowuphi umzali omakahlale nomntwana.
Phambi kokuba inkundla yenze isigqibo, wonke umntu kufuneka abe nako ukutsho ukuba uziva njani na malunga noku.
Oorhulumente kufuneka balihloniphe ilungelo lomntwana owohlukaniswe nomzali omnye okanye nabo bobabini ukuba aqhube ebabona bobabini abazali rhoqo (ngaphandle kokuba oku akulungelanga umntwana).
Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, isizathu soku kohlukaniswa inokuba kukuba urhulumente ubambe, uvalele, use elubhacweni, ugxothe elizweni okanye ubulele umzali okanye bobabini abazali bomntwana. Kwiimeko ezinjalo urhulumente kufuneka anike abazali ulwazi olumalunga nomntwana kunye nomntwana ulwazi olumalunga nabazali ngaphandle kokuba kuyakumenzakalalisa umntwana ukwenza njalo. Ukucela ulwazi makungabangi ngozi kulo naliphi na ilungu losapho.
Zama ukucinga ukuba oku kunokuba njani na. Mhlawumbi ungabhala ibali okanye wenze umdlalo wasegumbini lokufundela omalunga nomntwana abazali bakhe abafakwa entolongweni ngexesha lovukelo mbuso kunye nokuba umntwana waya njani kurhulumente eyokubuza ukuba baphi na . Lo mntwana wayesazi ukuba iMvumelwano ithi unelungelo kolu lwazi. Ingaba walufumana ulwazi? Ingaba wabafumana abazali bakhe?
INQAKU LE-10
Oorhulumente mabancede iintsapho zihlale kunye
Ukuba ngaba umntwana nabazali bakhe bakumazwe awohlukeneyo kwaye bafuna ukudibana njengosapho, oorhulumente ababini kufuneka benze yonke into abanokuyenza ukuze oku kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngeyona ndlela inesisa.
Umntwana obazali bakhe bahlala kumazwe awohlukeneyo makabe nelungelo lokubabona rhoqo bobabini abazali. Oku kuthetha ukuba oorhulumente bala mazwe kufuneka balihloniphe ilungelo lomntwana kunye nelabazali ukuba omnye atyelele omnye.
INQAKU LE-11
Oorhulumente mababathintele abantu ukuba bathathe abantwana bahambe nabo kwilizwe
Oorhulumente mabenze konke abanako ukukwenza ukuthintela ukuba kuthathwe abantwana elizweni abahlaal kulo ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye bangabuyiswa.
Oku kuthetha ukuba oorhulumente kufuneka bafikelele kwizivumelwano omnye nomnye ukuqinisekisa ukuba, ukuba abantwana bathathwa ngale ndlela , bayakubuyiswa msinyane.
Into elolu hlobo inokwenzeka xa umzali efuna umntwana ahambe naye komnye umzali, nokuba inkundla sele ithe ngeke amthathe. Ifana nokweba umntwana.
INQAKU LE-12
Ilungelo lokuthetha kunye nelokuba umanyelwe
Abantwana banelungelo lokuyithetha intoi abayicingayo kwimicimbi abanemvakalelo kuyo. Izimvo zabo mazimanyelwe.
Eli lithuba lakho lokuthetha into oyicingayo. Ingaba ucinga ukuba unako ukwakha uluvo kwimicimbi echaphazela wena? Ngamanye amaxesha zizinto ezincinane ezi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zibaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, ubuza kuziva njani ukuba ubuza kuhlala nomzali omnye okanye omnye? Okanye, ubuza kuziva njani ukuba bekukho umntu omoyikayo obekwenzakalisa ngandlela thile?
Kukwabalulekile ukuqonda ukuba abantu abadala ngamanye amaxesha abazi ukuba abantwana banento ebalulekileyo abafuna ukuyitsho. Ukokuba ngaba abamameli, kusoloko kukho umntu oyakumamela.
Iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zakho zibalulekile. Kufuneka uthethe ngazo. Ukuba kuyenzeka, yiba neengxoxo egumbini lokufundela okanye nabahlobo bakho ngoku.
Kubalulekile ukuba abantwana banikwe ithuba lokuba baviwe enkundleni okanye kuyo nayiphi na indawo apho ikamva labo lixoxwa khona. Ngokuxhomekeke kumthetho welizwe elibandakanyekayo, abantwana kufuneka bavunyelwe bathethe okanye omnye umntu kufuneka athethele umntwana.
INQAKU LE-13
Ilungelo lokuthetha into oyithandayo
Abantwana banelungelo lenkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo zabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana mabavunyelwe bathethe into abayicingayo okanye beve okanye bafunde into ecingwa ngabanye abantu. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ngokumamela nokuthetha; ngokubhala nokufunda; ngokuzoba nangokupeyinta; okanye ngenye indlela umntwana ayikhethayo.
Kunokubakho imithetho ethile enyina eli lungelo. Eminye yale mithetho inokukhusela amalungelo abanye abantu okanye igcine uxolo.
Ingaba uyakholwa ukuba izinto ozithethayo zingabonzakalisa abanye abantu? Ukuba kunjalo, njani? Ingaba ungakhumbula naziphi na izinto abantwana amabangavunyelwa ukuba bazifunde okanye bazibone? Ungacinga ngomzekelo?
INQAKU LE-14
Ilungelo lokucinga kwaye bakholelwe yinto abayithandayo
Abantwana banelungelo lokucinga kwaye bakholelwe yinto abayithandayo. Bakwanalo nelungelo lokukhetha inkolo yabo.
Kodwa, kwangaxesha nye, abazali banelungelo nomsebenzi wokukhokela abantwana ngexa bekhula.
Kuba unelungelo lokukholelwa yinto oyithandayo, nakwabanye abantu kukwanjalo. Oku kutehtha ukuba kufuneka ukuhloniphe ukuba sineenkolo neenkolelo ezahlukeneyo.
Abanye abantu banokukhetha ukungakholelwa kuyo nayiphi na inkolo. Kufuneka sonke sifunde ukuhloniphana kunye nento esikholelwa kuyo.
Ukuba ngaba ucinga ngayo, yintlonipho yethu omnye komnye kunye nokuba simphatha njani na omnye umntu. Okubalulekileyo.
Ziinkolo ezingaphi onokucinga ngazo? Ingaba kukho abantu obaziyo abangakholelwa kuye nawuphi na uthixo? Ingaba ukuba lilungu lenye inkolo kwenza abantu ukuba babe babi okanye bohluke nje? Izinto ezininzi ezinosathana emhlabeni zenzeka kuba abantu belibala ukuba sonke singoobhuti noosisi kusapho olukhulu lwabantu. Njengabantwana, singakhula silitshintshe eli lizwe.
INQAKU LE-15
Ilungelo lokuba ngumhlobo naye nabani na omthandayo kwaye nihlangane ngoxolo
Abantwana banelungelo kwinkululeko yonxulumano kunye nenkululeko yokuhlangana ngoxolo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana banelungelo lokubakhetha abahlobo babo kwaye baye nakweyiphi na intlanganiso, umngcelele okanye uqhankqalazo, ukuba ngaba lunoxolo.
Idemokhrasi ithetha ukuba abantu banelungelo lokukhalaza malunga nezinto esidlangalaleni (uqhankqalazo), ukuba ngaba bakwenza oko ngoxolo. Oorhulumente kufuneka bakuvumele ukuba kwenzeke oku.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, oorhulumente abangenayo idemokhrasi bayaluthintela uqhankqalazo olunoxolo. Abo benu babukela umabonakude banokuba bakubonile oku kusenzeka. Ukuba ngaba ubuza abazali bakho, bayakukuxela oko bekusenzeka eMzantsi Afrika.
Koko, ukuba ngaba ugqiba ekubeni uhambe uyokophula ifestile yevenkile okanye ugibisele ipolisa ngesitena okanye ubulale umntu, awuqhankqalazi ngoxolo kodwa uphazamisa amalungelo omnye umntu. Ukuba ngaba wenza oku, oorhulumente banelungelo kunye nomsebenzi wokuluthintela uqhankqalazo olu lolu hlobo.
INQAKU LE-16
Ilungelo lobomi obubobakho nentlonipho
Njengaye nawuphi na omnye umntu, abantwana banelungelo lobomi obubobabo. Akukho mntu unokukhangela ikhaya, iimpahla okanye afunde iileta zaye nawuphi na umntwana ngaphandle kwesizathu esivakalayo, abantwana banelungelo lokuhlonitshwa.
INQAKU LE-17
Umabonakude, iincwadi nonomathotholo (izinto zokusasaza iindaba)
Oorhulumente bayavuma ukuba umabonakude, unomathotholo, abashicileli beencwadi kunye nabanye kufuneka bavelise iinkqubo kunye neencwadi eziyakunceda kwaye zifundise abantwana kwilizwe xa lilonke.
INQAKU LE-18
Imfanelo yabazali kunye norhulumente
Oorhulumente kufuneka benze yonke into abanokuyenza ukwenzela ukuba abantu baqonde ukuba bobabini abazali imfanelo yabo iyalingana ekukhuliseni nasekuphuhliseni abantwana.
Abantu abanemfanelo enkulu ekuphuhliseni kunye nasekukhuliseni abantwana ngabazali babo okanye abo babakhathalelayo.
Ingaba uyavuma ukuba bobabini abazali imfanelo yabo iyalingana ekukhuliseni abantwana babo? Oku kwenzeka kaninzi kangakanani? Ingaba umzali omnye kufuneka ashiywe nawo wonke umsebenzi ngexa omnye engenzi nto? Ingaba kufanelekile oko? Ingaba uyayivuma eyokuba ukuba abazali bazisa abantwana emhlabeni, kufuneka bathathe uxanduva lwabo bantwana?
Oorhulumente kufuneka bancede abazali kunye nabakhathaleli ukuba bakhathalele abantwana ngeyona ndlela igqwesileyo.
Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise kwakhona ukuba kukho amaziko, izibonelelo kunye neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo zokukhathalela abo bantwana bafuna uncedo olungaphaya.
Oorhulumente kufuneka benze yonke into abanako ukuyenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana babazali abasebenzayo bayaxhamla kwiinkonzo nakwizibonelelo zokhathalelo lwabantwana abafanelekileyo ukuba bazifumane.
Ucinga ukuba oorhulumente kufuneka benzeni ukunceda abantwana?
IMvumelwano icebisa ukuba abanye abazali kunye nabantu abakhathalela abantwana bafuna uncedo kwaye abantwana babazali abasebenzayo nabo kufuneka baxhamle.
Kukwakho nabanye abantwana abafuna ezinye iintlobo zoncedo. Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba kukho abantu abalungileyo kunye neendawo zabantwana abangenawo amakhaya kunye neentsapho zokubakhathalela. Zindawo ezinjani kunye nabantu abanjani enicinga ukuba kufuneka ibe ngabo?
INQAKU LE-19
Abazali kunye nabanye abantu abonzakalisa abantwana
Urhulumente kufuneka enze yonke into anokuyenza ukukhusela abantwana kubazali kunye nabanye abantu ekubeni babonzakalise. Urhulumente kufuneka ukuba azame ukukhusela abantwana kuzo zonke iintlobo zobundlobongela basemzimbeni nobasengqondweni, ukwenzakala kunye nokuphathwa gadalala (kuqukwa nodlakathiso ngokwesondo), ukuphathwa kakubi okanye ukonakaliswa.
Oku kuthetha ukuwiswa kwemithetho kunye nokwenziwa kwamacebo okuthintela oku ukuba kwenzeke.
INQAKU LAMA-20
Ilungelo labantwana abanyanzelwayo ukuba bashiye amakhaya
Ngamanye amaxesha kukho izizathu zokuba kutheni abantwana bengasenako ukuhlala neentsapho zabo. Oku kunokuba kokwexesha elifutshane okanye ibe ngumphelo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kokona kungocno emntwaneni.
Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, urhulumente kufuneka athathe amacebo akhethekileyo okukhathalela umntwana.
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokwenziwa. Abantwana banokubekwa kukhathalelo logcino kwikhaya lomnye umzali, athathwe ngomnye umzali amenze owakhe umntwana okanye abekwe kwikhaya kunye nabanye abantwana.
Nokuba kokuphi na okwenziwayo, kubalulekile ukuba iimfuno zomntwana kunye nemvelaphi kunye nolonwabo zithathelwe ingqalelo.
INQAKU LAMA-21
Amalungelo abantwana abazali ababenze ababo ngokusemthethweni
Oorhulumente mabaqiniseke ukuba ukuthathwa kwabantwana ngabantu ababenze ababo kwenzeka ngeyona ndlela ingcono esemdleni womntwana. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abantu abanemfanelo ngabo abakuphetheyo oku. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abantu abalungileyo nabanobubele bayakhethwa ukuba umntwana bamenze owabo. Kwaye kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umzali okanye abazali abanikezela ngomntwana ukuba aye kwabanye abazali bamenze owabo ngokusemthethweni baqinisekile ukuba bayafuna ukukwenza oko.
Oorhulumente kufuneka baqonde kwakhona ukuba, ukuba ngaba umntwana akanakuthathwa ngabanye abazali bamenze owabo okanye baye kukhathalelo kwelinye ikhaya okanye bakhathalelwe kwilizwe labo, umntwana unokuthathwa ngabanye abazali bamenze owabo kwelinye ilizwe.
Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise kwakhona ukuba abantu abathathi imali koku kuthathwa ngokusemthethweni kwaba bantwana ngabanye abazali. Ukuthintela oku ukuba kwenzeke, kufuneka benze izivumelwano nabanye oorhulumente ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunika umntwana abanye abazali ngokusemthethweni phakathi kwamazwe kwenziwa ngononophelo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantwana baye kumakhaya anothando kwaye bahoywe ngokufanelekileyo.
Abantu abaninzi bayavuma ukuba abantwana mabangathengwa okanye bathengiswe. Ngaphaya koko, ngabantu, hayi iibhayisekile okanye oonodoli. Akwenzeki kodwa ukuba abantu bahlawule imali beyihlawulela abantwana.
Ucinga ukuba makwenziwe ntoni malunga noku?
INQAKU LAMA-22
Ilungelo labantwana abaziimbacu
Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abantwana abaziimbacu bakhuselwe kwaye bayancedwa.
Oku kubhekiselele kubo bonke abantwana abaziimbacu ababodwa kunye nabantwana abaziimbacu abanabazali babo okanye abanye abantu ababakhathalelayo.
Imbacu ngumntu oshiye ikhaya lakhe, kaninzi iba kukuba unyanzelwe ukuba ahambe ngenxa yemfazwe, kwaye uzama ukufumana imvume yokuba ahlale kwelinye ilizwe.
Iimbacu sube zilahlekelwe yiyo yonke into ezazinayo kwaye zohlukanisiwe kwamanye amalungu eentsapho zawo. Ezininzi zazo ngabantwana.
IZizwe eziManyeneyo zinenkqubo esebenza ngeembacu kwilizwe xa lilonke. Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenzisane neZizwe eziManyeneyo okanye eminye imibutho esebenza neZizwe eziManyeneyo ukukhusela kunye nokunceda abantwana abaziimbacu ababodwa.
Ukuba ngaba iintsapho okanye amanye amalungu osapho awafunyanwa, umntwana kufuneka aphathwe ngqo ngendlela efanayo enjengeyakhe nawuphi na umntwana ongasenako ukuhlala nosapho lwakhe (Jonga kwiNqaku lama-20 kwakhona ubone ukuba kuthetha ntoni oku).
Zama ukucinga ngokuba inokuba kunjani ukuba ngumntwana oyimbacu, ube wedwa kwilizwe elingaqhelekanga. Mhlawumbi awukwazi nokuthetha ulwimi olufanayo nolwalapho. Mhlawumbi kukho imfazwe embi kakhulu elizweni lakho kwaye awukwazi ukubuyela okwangoku. Uyakufuna lonke uncedo onokulufumana. Kukho abantwana abaninzi abanale ngxaki. Nokuba awunakukwazi ukubanceda, kulungile ukucinga ngabo ngamanye amaxesha kwaye uqonde ukuba ubomi bunzima kangakanani na kwamanye amalungu osapho lwethu lwabantu.
INQAKU LAMA-23
Ilungelo labantwana abakhubazekileyo
Abantwana aabkhubazeke ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni banelungelo lokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobuphucukileyo. Abantwana abanjalo kufuneka bavunyelwe ukuhlala ngesidima nangeqhayiya. Kufuneka banikwe yonke into abayifunayo ukwenzela ukuba bazincede kwaye bazimanye ngokusebenzayo nobomi boluntu.
Cinga ngoku umzuzwana. Ungahlali kanjani ngesidima ukuba ngaba awukwazi ukujikeleza kuba ungakwazi ukuhamba kwaye akukho mntu ukunike isitulo esinamavili esihambayo? Ungazinceda njani ukuba ngaba ufuna ukuya esikolweni kwaye awuyiboni into ebhalwe encwadini? Ungaba yinxenye yobomi njani kuluntu ukuba wonke umntu uyahamba kwaye akushiye kuba ungeke uzimanye noko bakwenzayo?
Abantwana abakhubazekileyo banelungelo lokhathalelo olukhethekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba urhulumente makanike nokuba loluphi na uncedo anokuba nalo kumntwana okhubazekileyo. Ukuba luncedo olungakanani olunikwayo luxhomekeka ekubeni yintoni efunwa ngumntwana nabazali okanye nokuba ngubani na okhathalela umntwana.
Ngamanye amagama, abantwana abangakwaziyo ukuhamba banokufuna uncedo lwesitulo esinamavili esihambayo okanye olunye uhlobo loncedo. Abantwana abangaboniyo banokufuna iincwadi ezikhethekileyo zoMbhalo wamaQhuqhuva (Braille) njalo njalo. Umzekelo sizakuyishicilela ngoMbhalo wamaQhuqhuva le ncwadi ukwenzela ukuba abantwana abangaboniyo bakwazi nabo ukuyifunda.
Apho kwenzekayo, olu ncedo kufuneka lunikwe ngaphandle kwentlawulo, ngokuxhomekeke kwabanako ukufikelelela kuko abantu abakhathalela umntwana.
Urhulumente kufuneka azame ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abakhubazekileyo bafumana imfundo, uqeqesho, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ululeko (ukwakha amandla abo kunye nokuchacha kangangoko kunokwenzeka), ulungiselelo lomsebenzi kunye namathuba okusebenza. Abantwana abakhubazekileyo kufuneka banikwe lonke ithuba lokuba bakhule njangabantu ababodwa kunye namalungu oluntu.
Mhlawumbi ungumntwana okhubazekileyo. Mhlawumbi wazi umntwana okhubazekileyo. Mhlawumbi awumazi. Nokuba ungubani na, zama ukucinga kwaye uthethe ngezi zinto.
Ukukhubazeka ayiyongxaki abantu abakhubazekileyo mabajongane nayo. Ngumceli mngeni sonke ekufuneka sijongane nawo. Ngaphaya koko, sonke singamalungu osapho lwabantu, akunjalo?
Kwakhona, kukho ulwazi oluninzi kwilizwe lonke. Amazwe kufuneka abelane ngolu lwazi. Ngale ndlela singafunda ukukhathalelana kwaye sakhe ilizwe elingcono losapho lwethu lwabantu.
INQAKU LAMA-24
Ilungelo lempilo eyiyo
Abantwana banelungelo leyona mpilo ingcono.
Bakwanalo nelungelo lokunyangwa kwaye benziwe ngcono xa begula.
Oorhulumente kufuneka bazame baqinisekise ukuba abantwana abalivinjwa ilungelo labo lokhathalelo lwempilo. Mabasebenzele ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantwana banalo eli lungelo.
Zininzi izinto ezifuna ukwenziwa ukwenza oku ukuba kwenzeke:
Oorhulumente mabathintele iintsana kunye nabantwana ekubeni basweleke.
Oorhulumente mabazame ukugcina abantwana besempilweni kwaye bephilile ngokunika ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukulwa izifo nokungondleki (ukungatyi kakuhle) kunye nokunika ukutya okunempilo kunye namanzi okusela acocekileyo.
Oorhulumente kufuneka bafundise wonke umntu ngempilo yomntwana kunye nokutya ngempilo, ukucoceka, ezococeko kunye nokuthintela iingozi. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali nabantwana bazi ngezi zinto.
Oorhulumente mabafundise abantu ngokuba bangakuthintela njani na ukuba bagule kunye nokubonisa abantu ukuba bayeke ukuba nabantwana abaninzi kunabo babafunayo okanye kunabo banokukwazi ukubajonga.
Oorhulumente kufuneka kwakhona kubekho into abayenzayo ukususa izenzo zemveli ezonakalisa impilo yabantwana.
Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenze nabanye oorhulumente elizweni ukuzisa la malungelo abalulekileyo. Ugqaliselo olukhethekileyo kufuneka lunikwe iimfuno zamazwe asaphuhlayo.
Ingaba ungacinga ngeendlela uMzantsi Afrika ozama ukwenza ngawo ezi zinto?
INQAKU LAMA-25
Ilungelo lokuba ukhathalelo lomntwana luphinde lujongwe kwakhona
Oorhulumente kufuneka bakhangele izimo zabantwana ababekwe kumakhaya abazali ababakhathalelayo okanye kolunye ukhathalelo ixesha nexesha.
INQAKU LAMA-26
Abantwana banelungelo lokufumana amalungelo enkxaso yentlalo-ntle (inkxaso yemali). Oorhulumente mabenze yonke into abanokuyenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba bawafumana ngoko nangoko la malungelo.
Abokuqala ukufumana la malungelo mayibe ngabantwana abanemfuno kunye nabo babakhathalelayo
INQAKU LAMA-27
Ilungelo lokukhula
Abantwana banelungelo lophila okusemgangathweni okwenza ukuba babenako ukuphuhlisa iingqondo kunye nemizimba yabo.
Abona bantu babalulekileyo abanokunika lo mgangatho wokuphila ngabazali okanye abo bakhathalela abantwana.
Uxhomekeke kakuhle kanjani umsebenzi abaya kuwenza kulowo banokufikelela kuwo kunye nokuba bayakuba nako njani ukukhathalela abantwana.
Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, oorhulumente kufuneka bancede abazali kunye nabanye abakhathaleli ukuba babe nako ukulungiselela uphuhliso lomntwana. Apho kukho khona imfuneko, oorhulumente kufuneka banike uncedo nenkxaso, ingakumbi apho kukho khona imfuno yokutya, impahla nendawo yokuhlala.
Abanye abazali banemali ukodlula abanye. Kodwa abantwana kufuneka bangahlupheki ngenxa yoku. Abantwana abaziceleli ukuba bazalelwe kwiintsapho ezihluphekayo. Banelungelo kwithuba elifanayo nelawo wonke omnye umntu.
Yiloo nto iMvumelwano isithi oorhulumente kufuneka bancede iintsapho, ingakumbi iintsapho ezihlupheka kakhulu ukuba zithenge ukutya, iimpahla kunye namakhaya abantwana babo.
Oorhulumente kufuneka kwakhona benze yonke into abanako ukuyenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba abazali eyiyimfanelo yabo ukuhlawula inkxaso yabantwana babo bakwenze oko. Apho umzali angamhlawuleliyo umntwana ohlala kwelinye ilizwe, oorhulumente kufuneka bafikelele kwizivumelwano omnye nomnye ukwenzela ukuba imali ibangwe egameni lomntwana
Kubuhlungu kakhulu kuba abanye abazali bayala ukondla abantwana babo. Oku kusoloko kushiya umzali omnye nomthwalo wokukhathalelal umntwana kwaye asebenzele ukondla umntwana ngokunjalo. Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bobabini abazali yimfanelo yabo eyabantwana babo. Le yinto abantwana ekufuneka bacinge kwaye bathethe ngayo. Ngenye imini, niya kuba ngabantu abadala kwaye kuyakubakhona enikukhethayo malunga nobomi benu. Ukuba ngaba wenza isigqibo sokuba nomntwana, loo mntwana uya kuba luxanduva lwakho iminyaka eli-18. Inokuba lukhetho olubaluleke kakhulu oyakube ulwenzile.
INQAKU LAMA-28
Ilungelo kwimfundo
Umntwana ngamnye unelungelo kwimfundo. Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenzele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abantwana banalo eli lungelo.
Phambi kokuba abantwana bonke babe nemfundo elinganayo izinto ezininzi kufuneka zenziwe:
Oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba yonke imfundo yamabanga aphantsi ayihlawulelwa kwaye bonke abantwana baya esikolweni.
Oorhulumente kufuneka babanike ukhetho bonke abantwana kunye nofikelelo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo yamabanga aphezulu kwaye bayenze ingahlawulelwa okanye banike uncedo (imali)
Oorhulumente mabenze oko banako ukukwenza ukwenza ukuba imfundo yamaziko aphezulu ifumaneka iyunivesiti okanye itekhnikhoni.
Oorhulumente mabanike bonke abantwana ulwazi kunye nesikhokelo (icebo) malunga nemfundo kunye nemimandla enokulandelwa (imisebenzi).
Oorhulumente kufuneka bakhuthaze abantwana ukuba baye ezikolweni rhoqo kwaye babacenge ukuba bangayeki kwangoko ukuya esikolweni.
Oorhulumente kufuneka benze kangangoko banokwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abohlwaywa ngendlela eyonakalisa isidima sabo sobuntu (ukwenza ukuba bazive kakubi ngeziqu zabo).
UmThetho weziKolo woMzantsi Afrika ngumthetho othi makwenzeke ntoni na ezikolweni zethu. Lo mthetho awuvumeli ukuba abantwana babethwe ezikolweni. Oku kwenziwa kukuba ukubetha kubonwa njengesohlwayo esikhohlakeleyo esingenabuntu esonakalisa isidima sobuntu sabantwana. Ingaba uyavumelana noku? Ucinga ukuba abantwana kufuneka bohlwaywe njani ukuba abaziphathanga kakuhle?
Oorhulumente kufuneka bakhuthaze intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwimfundo. Kubalulekile ukuba ilizwe lisebenze kunye ukunceda wonke umntu ukuba afunde ukufunda kwaye afunde ngezinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe kunye neendlela zangoku zokufundisa.
INQAKU LAMA-29
Yintoni Imfundo?
Oorhulumente bayavuma ukuba abantwana kufuneka bafunde ngezi zinto zilandelayo. Le yinto ekufuneka ukuba imfundo ibe yiyo:
Imfundo kufuneka yenze okona kungcono kobuqu babantwana, iitalente kunye nokuba nako ngokwengqondo kunye nangokomzimba.
Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngelungelo lokufunda, ungenza okona kungcono ngesiqu sakho kwaye usebenzise zonke iitalente zakho kunye nezinto onako ukuzenza ngokupheleleyo. Njengedayimani erhabaxa eyembiwa emhlabeni, unokupolishwa uze ube lilitye elinqabileyo elibengezelayo nelinexabiso. Cinga ngokuba ungubani kunye nokuba ugqwesa phi kunye nokuba ingakunceda njani imfundo yakho ukuba usebenzise ezi talente ngokugcweleyo.
Imfundo kufuneka iphuhlise intlonipho yabantwana kumalungelo oluntu kunye neenkululeko kunye nento iZizwe eziManyeneyo eziyikholelwayo.
Imfundo inceda wena ukuba ufunde ukuhlonipha usapho loluntu esingebantu balo. Imithetho yolo sapho kukuba onke amazwe kunye nabantu kufuneka bahlale ngokobuhlobo, ngoxolo nangokuqondana.
Imfundo kwakhona kufuneka iphuhlise intlonipho yabantwana kubazali babo, ukwaziwa kwenkcubeko, ulwimi kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni, kwiinqobo zesizwe ezisemgangathweni zelizwe umntwana ahlala kulo kunye nelizwe umntwana asuka kulo. Kufuneka kwakhona iphuhlise intloniphjo yomntwana kubantu abohlukileyo kwaye abavela kwiinkcubeko kunye nezizwe ezahlukileyo.
Ngoko ke ngexa imfundo ikunceda ukuba uhloniphe usapho lwakho , inkcubeko nelizwe, ikwakunceda ukuba uhloniphe ezinye iinkcubeko nezizwe. Oku kokona kubalulekileyo ukuba ngaba siya kuba ngamalungu osapho lwabantu.
Imfundo kufuneka ibalungise abantwana ukuba baphile ngokuthembekileyo kuluntu olukhululekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sibe nokuqonda, kufuneka sibe noxolo kwaye kufuneka sibe nonyamezelo. Kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sisebenzele ukulingana phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini kunye namakhwenkwe namantombazana. Ikwathetha ukuba kufuneka sisebenzele ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo bonke abantu.
Imfundo kufuneka iphuhlise intlonipho yabantwana kwilizwe abahlala kulo -kokusingqongileyo kwendalo.
Ngoko ke, njengoko ubona, imfundo ingaphezulu kunokuhlala nje kwigumbi lokufundela okanye ukwenza umsebenzi wasekhaya okanye ukubhala iimviwo.
Imfundo ithetha ukuba ngumntu opheleleyo. Yiba nengxoxo malunga noku kwigumbi lokufundela okanye nabahlobo bakho.
INQAKU LAMA-30
Ilungelo loluntu oluligcuntswana
Kumazwe amaninzi, kukho amaqela abantu angathethi lwimi lufanayo okanye abangaweli phantsi kweqela lohlanga olufanayo okanye bathethe ulwimi olufanayo nolweqela elingundoqo.
Abantwana abawela phantsi kwala maqela mancinane (igcuntswana) kufuneka bavunyelwe ukuba bonwabele inkcubeko yabo, benze inkolo yabo kwaye bathethe ulwimi lwabo.
INQAKU LAMA-31
Ilungelo lokudlala
Abantwana banelungelo lokuphumla kwaye baziphumze kunye nokudlala ngeendlela ezifanele iminyaka yabo. Abantwana bakwanelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokukhululekileyo kubomi benkcubeko kunye nobobugcisa.
Oorhulumente kufuneka balihloniphe kwaye balikhuthaze ilungelo lomntwana lokuthabatha inxaxheba kubomi benkcubeko nobobugcisa kwaye baqinisekise ukuba kukho amathuba afanelekileyo nalinganayo enkcubeko, ubugcisa, ukudlala nokuphumla.
Ngawaphi amathuba akhoyo okudlala nokuphumla kummandla wakho, kuluntu okanye esikolweni? Zingaphuculwa njani ezi zinto?
Ungathanda ukwenza ntoni ongenakuyenza okwangoku? Imidlalo? UbuGcisa? uMdlalo weQonga? iziBongo? uMculo? Mhlawumbi abanye babazali okanye abafundisi-ntsapho esikolweni sakho banokukuncedisa ukuba uqale into entsha.
Sebenzisa amandla ezimvo zakho!
Ilungelo lokungasebenzi
Abantwana banelungelo lokukhuselwa ekubeni banyanzelwe ukuba basebenzele ukwenzela imali abanye. Abantwana bakwanalo ilungelo lokukhuselwa ekwenzeni umsebenzi oyingozi okanye oya kubathintela ukuba baye esikolweni okanye oyakwenzakalisa impilo yabo okanye ukukhula kwabo.
Oorhulumente mabenze yonke into abanako ukuyenza ukuqinisekusa ukuba eli lingelo likhuselwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba mabamisele iminyaka ngaphantsi kwayo abantwana abangavunyelwayo ukuba basebenze. Mabenze imithetho emalunga nokuba ziiyure ezingaphi kwaye ziimeko ezinjani abantwana abanokusebenza phantsi kwazo. Mababohlwaye abo bophula le mithetho.
Yinto embi kakhulu eyokuba abantwana kwilizwe lonke benyanzelwa ukuba basebenzele ukuphila. Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zenza imali eninzi ngokuthengisa iimveliso ezenziwe ngabantwana. Abanye abazali bahlupheke kakhulu kwaye baye bazive bengenayo enye indlela. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngoorhulumente ukuzama ukunqanda oku ekubeni kwenzeke?
INQAKU LAMA-33
Ilungelo lokukhuselwa kwiziyobisi
Oorhulumente kufuneka benze yonke into abanokuyenza ukukhusela abantwana ekuthatheni iziyobisi eziyingozi. Kwakhona kufuneka bakhusele abantwana abasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa kunye nokuhambisa ezi ziyobisi.
Siyazi sonke ukuba iziyobisi ziyingozi kakhulu. Kwezinye iinxenye zelizwe, bayasetyenziswa ukuba bancedise okanye bangenise iziyobisi. Oku kubeka abantwana engozini kwaye kubatsHintsha kubenze abophuli-mthetho besebancinane. Ingaba ucinga ukuba iziyobisi ziyingxaki kwilizwe lethu?
INQAKU LAMA-34
Ilungelo lokukhuselwa kudlakathiso ngokwesondo
Oorhulumente kufuneka bakhusele abantwana kuzo zonke iintlobo zokonakaliswa ngokwesondo kunye nodlakathiso ngokwesondo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba oorhulumente basebenze kunye ukuthintela ukuba abantwana bahlawulwe okanye banyanzelwe ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yesondo engekho mthethweni okanye bonakaliswe njengabathengisi bemizimba okanye eminye imisebenzi engekho mthethweni yesondo, okanye ukwenza ibhayaskopu zabantu abahamba ngaze (pornographic) kunye nezinye izinto.
Udlakathiso ngokwesondo yinto embi kakhulu. Into yokuqala abantwana ekufuneka bayazi malunga nodlakathiso ngokwesondo kukuba ayiso siphosiso sabo ukuba luyenzeka.
Yinto ebinokwenzeka. Umntu angakuphatha endaweni ongafuniyo ukuba akuphathe kuye. Umntu unokukucela ukuba umphathe. Umntu unokukubonisa iifoto zabantu bephathana ngale ndlela.
Umntu owenza le nto inokuba ngumntu omazi kakuhle. Inokuba ngumama wakho, utata wakho, umalume wakho okanye ummelwane wakho. Unokuba mdala kuwe kwaye abe nobubele kuwe.
Nokuba ngubani na, into ayenzayo ayilunganga. Kuba ayilunganga, bayakukucela ukuba uyigcine iyimfihlo. Bayakuzama ukukoyikisa okanye bakusongele. Fumana umntu onokumxelela. Ungayigcini iyimfihlo. Ukuba ngaba wenza oko, soze bayeke.
Kwaye soloko ukhumbula! Ayisosiphosiso sakho.
Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bahlupheka kakhulu kwaye balambe kwaye banokucengwa ukuba benze izinto abangaziqondiyo kutshintshiswa ngemali okanye ngokutya. Ngamanye amaxesha bayatshixelwa babethwe benyanzelwa ukuba benze ezi zinto bengafuni.
Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya ukwabelana ngesondo nabantu abadala okanye ukudlala kwiibhanyabhanya okanye imidlalo okanye iifoto ezibonisa izinto ezinjalo.
Bonke aba bantwana bakhathazekile kwaye bayoyika kwaye bafuna uncedo.
Bonke abantwana kufuneka bazi ngezi zinto ukwenzela ukuba balumke bangathethi nabantu abangabaziyo kwaye baze ukuba KULUNGILE ukuthi HAYI ukuba ngaba umntu ufuna ukubaphatha.
INQAKU LAMA-35
Ilungelo lokungebiwa, uthengwe okanye uthengiswe
Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenze kunye ngazo zonke iindlela abanokuba nako ngazo ukukhusela abantwana ekubeni baxhilwe (ukwebiwa), bathengwe kwaye bathengiswe (kurhwetywe) ngaso nasiphi na isizathu okanye nayiphi na indlela.
Sibonile ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abantwana basetyenziswa ngabantu ababi kakhulu. Ngesi sizathu, ngamanye amaxesha bayebiwa okanye bathengwe okanye bathengiswe njengamakhoboka. Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenze kunye ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kuyathintelwa. Cinga ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo abantu abanokuthatha ngazo abantwana bahambe nabo elizweni kunye nokuba kungathintelwa njani na oku. Esi sisihloko esichanekileyo somdlalo kwigumbi lokufundela. Cinga ngokuba uligosa lomda kwaye itraki enkulu iyavela. Uva umntwana ekhala ngaphakathi...
INQAKU LAMA-36
Ilungelo lokungasetyenziselwa inzuzo yomnye umntu
Oorhulumente mabakhusele abantwana kuzo zonke iintlobo zokusetyenziselwa inzuzo yabanye abantu enokubonzakalisa okanye ibonakalise.
Ukusetyenziselwa inzuzo yomnye umntu kuxa abantu besebenzisa abantwana okanye abanye ukuze kuxhamle bona. Umzekelo, benza ukuba basebenzele imali encinane. Cinga ngeendlela ezinininzi abantu abasetyenziselwa inzuzo yabanye kobu bomi. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana basetyenziselwa inzuzo yabanye abantu kuba bebancinane kakhulu ukuba bazikhusele.
INQAKU LAMA-37
Amalungelo abantwana abasenkathazweni nomthetho
Abantwana abasenkathazweni emthethweni banelungelo lokhuselo olukhethekileyo.
Kukho izizathu ezininiz ezenza ukuba oku kubenje. Ngokucacileyo abantwana abancinane kufuneka baphathwe ngokwahlukileyo kubantwana abadala kwaye abantwana abophula umthetho okokuqala kufuneka banikwe ithuba lokubuyisela ubomi babo kwindlela echanekileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abalahliweyo okanye abebephethwe gadalala baneengxaki ezikhethekileyo ekufuneka kusetyenzwe ngazo.
Intolongo ayiyo ndawo ilungileyo yabantwana. Ibafundisa ukuba babe ngabophuli-mthetho kwaye bazibandakanye namaqela emigewu.
Kwakhona kunzima ebantwaneni ukuba bohlukaniswe neentsapho zabo.
Abantwana abasenkathazweni nomthetho banamalungelo akhethekileyo.
Akukho mntwana makangcungcuthekiswe okanye aphathwe kakubi okanye ohlwaywe ngendlela ekhohlakeleyo, engenabuntu okanye ethoba isidima.
Akukho mntu ungaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 owenza ulwaphulo-mthetho makanikwe isigwebo sentambo okanye ubomi entolongweni kungabikho ndlela yokuba angakhululwa.
Isigwebo sentambo sithetha ukuba ubulawelwa ulwaphulo-mthetho olubi olufana nokubulala. EMzantsi Afrika asisekho isigwebo sentambo
Akukho mntwana makavalelwe okanye afakwe entolongweni ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ngaphandle kwesizathu esivakalayo.
Umntwana kufuneka abanjwe, avalelwe okanye afakwe entolongweni kuphela ukuba ngaba asikho esinye isisombululo esinokuba khona kwaye kufuneka bagcinwe elona xesha lifutshane.
Nawuphina umntwana ovalelweyo okanye ovalelwe entolongweni kufuneka aphathwe ngobuntu nentlonipho kunye nesidima.
Umntwana makaphathwe ngendlela ekucingelwa ukuba ilungile kwiimfuno zeminyaka yakhe.
Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana angadityaniswa nabantu abadala (ngaphandle kokuba ngesizathu esithile akumlungelanga umntwana oko).
Umntwana unelungelo lokutyelelwa kunye neeleta ezivela kusapho lwakho, ngaphandle kokuba kukho isizathu sokuba oku ngeke kube yinto entle.
Nawuphi na umntwana ovalelweyo okanye ofakwe entolongweni makanikwe uncedo olukhawulezileyo lomthetho okanye olunye uncedo. Kufuneka naye abe nalo ilungelo lokuya enkundlelni ayokubuza ukuba ingaba ukuvalelwa kwakhe okanye ukubanjwa kwakhe kufanelekile na kwaye unelungelo lempendulo ekhawulezileyo kumbuzo wakhe.
Yintoni ocinga ukuba inokukhokelela umntwana ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho? Ingaba wake wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho? Ucinga ukuba ubomi basentolongweni bungenza ntoni kumntu osemncinane? Yintoni engenziwa ukunceda abantu abancinane bangayi kulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye baphile ubomi obulungileyo?
INQAKU LAMA-38
Amalungelo abantwana abasezimfazweni
Kukho imithetho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nabantwana abahlala kwiindawo ekukho kuzo iimfazwe kunye nokulwa ngezixhobo. Oorhulumente bayavuma ukuhlonipha le mithetho kunye nokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba abanye bayayihlonipha.
Enye yezinto oorhulumente ekufuneka bayenze kukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 abalwi ezimfazweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba abayi kuvumela nabaphi na abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuba bazimanye nemikhosi.
Ukuba ngaba ubukela umabonakude, inokuba uwabonile amajoni angabantwana kwezinye iinxenye zelizwe. Aba bantwana balahlekelwe bubuntwana babo. Abayi ezikolweni. Abadlali. Bohlulwe kwiintsapho zabo. Imikhosi ebabizileyo ukuba bazimanye ayiyihoyi iMvumelwano kunye nayo yonke imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe.
Xa ubiza abantwana ukuba bazimanaye abaphakathi kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kunye neshumi elinesibhozo, oorhulumente mabazame babize abantwana abadala (abo bakufutshane kwiminyaka eli-18) phambi kokuab babize abancinane (abo bakufutshane neminyaka eli-15).
Oorhulumente mabenze yonke into abanokuyenza ukukhusela kunye nokukhathalela abantwana apho kukho khona iimfazwe kunye nokulwa ngezixhobo.
Ingaba uyakucinga ukuhlala kwindawo ekuliwa kuyo? Abanye babazali benu inokuba bake bahlala kwiintlobo zezimo ezinjalo ngaphambile. Abanye benu banokuzikhumbula ukusukela kwixesha enanibancinane kakhulu ngalo. Jonga ukuba ungafumana umntu ongakhumbula isimo esifana nesi ngeminyaka yoo-1980 okanye ekuqaleni ko-1990 kwaye ubacele ukuba bakuxelele ukuba kwakunjani na. Kubantwana, ezi ntlobo zezimo ziyoyikisa kuba abazi ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni.
INQAKU LAMA-39
Oorhulumente kufuneka benze yonke into abankoyenza ukunceda amaxhoba angabantwana abachachayo ekonzakalisweni. Ngamanye amaxesha yimizimba yabo eyonzakalisiweyo ngamanye amaxesha ziingqondo zabo. Kufuneka bancedwe kwakhona ukuba bazimanye noluntu.
Zininzi iindlela abantwana abonzakaliswa ngazo. Ngamanye amaxesha abahoywa okanye abantu babasebenzisela inzuzo yabo okanye baphathwe gadalala. Ngamanye amaxehsa bayangcungcuthekiswa okanye bohlwaywe ngendlela ekhohlakeleyo (njengezilwanyana). Ngamanye amaxesha bonzakala ezimfazweni okanye xa kusiliwa ngezixhobo.
Abantwana kufuneka bavunyelwe ukuba babe ngcono ngendlela eyakubuyisela esimeni impilo yabo, ukuzihlonipha nesidima.
Cinga umzuzwana ukuba uziva njani na xa wonzakele. Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba wakho uba buhlungu nyhani. Ngamanye amaxesha imvakalelo yakho yonzakaliswa kakubi. Ngamanye amaxesha ukhathazeka nyhani, nyhani. Abanye abantwana baye bakhathazeke okanye babone izinto ezimbi bade banganqweneli nokuthetha. Abanye baba namaphupha amabi. Abanye bade bazonzakalise bonzakalise abanye. Aba bantwana bafuna uncedo olukhulu. Bafuna indawo ethulileyo kunye nabantu abanobubele kunye nexesha elininzi ukwenzela ukuba babe ngcono kwakhona.
INQAKU LAMA-40
Amalungelo abantwana abasolwa ngokophula umthetho
Abantwana abasolwa ngokophula umthetho okanye ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho banelungelo lokuphathwa ngendlela ebanika imvakalelo yesidima nexabiso.
Indlela abaphathwa ngayo kufuneka ibanced e bawahloniphe amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko yabanye.
Bakwanalo nelungelo lokuphathwa ngendlela efanele iminyaka yabo kwaye ebanceda ukuba beve ukuba bayakuba nako ukuzibandakanya noluntu kwaye kubhekho indima abayidlalayo kuluntu kwixa elizayo.
Kubalulekile ukuba sicinge ngoku. Khawucinge xa usolwa ngokwaphula umthetho. Ingaba kungcono ukuba uphathwe njengomntwana ombi ongeke alunge kuye nakowuphi na umntu? Okanye abantu kufuneka bazame ukukubonisa ukuba ungazisombulula njani na izinto kwaye wenze ngcono kwixa elizayo? Ukuba ngaba abantwana baphathwa ngentlonipho kwaye banikwa uncedo, abaninzi babo baya kuba nako ukufumana indlela yabo babuyele kuluntu lwethu. Ngalo ndlela singakha uluntu olungcono kunye nabantwana abonwabileyo. Esi sesinye isihloko esilungileyo kumdlalo wasegumbini lokufunda. Cinga ngokuba abantwana ababini kwigumbi lakho lokufundela bophula umthetho. Omnye uphathwa kakuhle, omnye kakubi. Yintoni eyenzekayo kubo?
Okungenani okuncinane, oorhulumente mabaqinisekise ukuba abantwana abasolwa ngokophula umthetho kufuneka:
Kucingwe ngokuba bamsulwa de bafunyaniswe benetyala.
Baxelelwe msinyane ukuba yintoni abangaba bayenzile
Bancedwe ligqwetha okanye omnye umntu omdala enkundleni.
Ityala labo lixoxwe ngokufanelekileyo enkundleni. Abazali kunye nabagcini abasemthethweni kufuneka nabo babekhona.
Banganyanzelwa ukuba bathethe enkundleni okanye bathi banetyala.
Bavunyelwe bababuze abantu abanika ubungqina ngabo.
Bavunyelwe ukuba bacele abantu ukuba banike ubungqina egameni labo.
Bavunyelwe ukuba babhenele nasiphi na isigqibo enkundleni.
Bavunyelwe ukuba bacaciselwe into ethethwayo enkundleni ngolwimi abaluqondayo.
URhulumente kufuneka abeke ubuncinane beminyaka ngaphantsi kwayo ekungekho mntwana uyakugwetyela ulwaphulo-mthetho
Ucinga ukuba kufuneka ibe yeyiphi loo minyaka? Ingaba umntwana unako ukuqonda ukuba wenze ulwaphulo-mthetho kwiminyaka esi-7, eli-10, okanye kweli-14? Luthini uluvo lwakho?
Urhulumente kufuneka ajonge iindlela zokusebenza ngabantwana ngaphandle kweenkundla.
Ingaba ungacinga ngeendlela abantwana abanokulungisa ngazo izinto ngaphandle kokuba baye enkundleni okanye ejele.
Ingaba sisiphelo okanye sisiqalo esi?
Ngumbuzo omhle lo.
Incwadi nganye inesiphelo.
Kodwa ngoku kuba usazi ngamalungelo akho, unokulungela into entsha ebomini bakho.
Phambi kokuba uyifunde le ncwadi, ingaba ubusazi ukuba ungowosapho lwabantu olunaba ukunqumleza ilizwe?
Phambi kokuba uyifunde le ncwadi, ingaba ubusazi ukuba amalungelo abantwana axhomekeke ekubeni usapho lwabantu lubajonga kakuhle njani oobhuti noosisi balo, nokuba bangobani na kwaye bahlala phi?
Into ekufuneka wenze isigqibo sayo ngoku kukuba ingaba le ncwadi inesiphelo esibuhlungu okanye isiphelo esimnandi.
Singalusebenzela uxolo?
Singabusebenzela ubuhlobo?
Singazama ukuqondana?
Singaba nobubele?
Ukuba omnye wethu uzama okuncinane suku ngalunye lobomi bethu...
Kunokubakhona isiphelo esimnandi phaya ndaweni ithile.
Kodwa le yincwadi yakho...
Ucinga ntoni?
Amanye amanqakwana abafundisi-ntsapho
IZIZWE EZIMANYENEYO
IZizwe eziManyeneyo zasekwa emva kweMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi. Ngowama-24 Oktobha 1945, izizwe ezinagam-51 zaye zahlangana kunye kumzamo wokukhusela uxolo ngentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokhuseleko oluhlanganyelweyo lwabo bonke. Namhlanje, phantse isizwe ngasinye ehlabathini sikwiZizwe eziManyeneyo.
Xa amaZwe esiba ngamalungu eZizwe eziManyeneyo, ayavuma ukwamkela iimfanelo zeTshatha ye-UN, imvumelwano yamazwe ngamazwe emisela imithethosiseko esisiseko sonxulumano lwamazwe ngamazwe. NgokweTshatha i-UN ineenjongo ezine: ukugcina uxolo nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuphuhlisa unxulumano olunobuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe, ukusebenzisana ekusombululeni iingxaki zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokunyusa intlonipho kumalungelo oluntu, kunye nokuba phakathi ekufaniseni izenzo zezizwe.
Amalungu e-UN ngamazwe azimeleyo kwaye azilawulayo. IZizwe eziManyeneyo ayingorhulumente wehlabathi, kwaye azenzi umthetho. Kodwa, zenza iindlela zokunceda ukusombulula impixano yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zenze umgaqo-nkqubo kwimicimbi echaphazela thina sonke. Kwi-UN, zonke iZizwe ezingamaLungu - ezincinane nezinkulu, ezityebileyo nezihluphekayo, ezineembono zepolitiki ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zentlalo - zinelizwe kwaye ziyavota kule nkqubo.
IMVUMELWANO
IMvumelwano sisivumelwano phakathi kwezizwe ekuvunyelwene ngaso luWiso-mThetho Jikelele lweZizwe eziManyeneyo.
Ngo-1948, iZizwe eZimanyeneyo zamemezela iSibhengezo seHlabathi samaLungelo oluNtu. ISibhengezo seHlabathi sibeka amalungelo angundoqo kunye neenkululeko apho bonke abasetyhini namadoda kunye nabantwana banelungelo lwawo - phakathi kwawo ilungelo lolkuphila, inkululeko kunye nobuzwe, ukuya kwinkululeko yokucinga, isazela nenkolo, lokusebenza, lokuba ufunde, lokuba uthabathe inxaxheba kurhulumente.
La malungelo ayabophelela ngokomthetho ngenxa yeminqophiso emibini yamazwe ngamazwe, apho amaZwe amaninzi angamaqela. Omnye umnqophiso usebenza ngamalungelo oluntu kunye nawepolitiki. Kunye neSibhengezo, amisela umQulu wamaZwe ngamaZwe wamaLungelo oluNtu
Isibhengezo esibekwe ngumsebenzi osezantsi kwiimvumelwano kunye nezibhengezo ezingaphezulu kwama-80 kumalungelo oluntu, kuqukwa neemvumelwano zokuphelisa ucalulo ngokobuhlanga kunye nocalulo olujolise kwabasetyhini; imvumelwano kumalungelo abantwana, ubume beembacu kunye nokuthintelwa kokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi; kunye nezibhengezo kunye nokuzimela, ukulahleka okunyanzeleswayo kunye nelungelo lokukhula.
IMvumelwano ekuvunyelwene nganyo kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo kufuneka iqinisekiswe yiPalamente/uRhulumente welungu ngalinye leZizwe eziManyeneyo. Kwakube kwenziwe oku, loo rhulumente kufuneka athobele imithetho yeMvumelwano.
UKUCHAZA URHULUMENTE
KwiMvumelwano ngokwayo, igama elisetyenziselwa urhulumente onemfanelo ngu "iQela likaRhulumente". Kuthetha ukuba urhulumente oliqela kwisivumelwano okanye imvumelwano. Ukwenza oku kube lula ebantwaneni, sisebenzise igama elithi "rhulumente".
Ekusebenziseni eligama, sifuna kucace ukuba urhulumente uquka icandelo lonke loluntu. Ngamanye amazwi, urhulumente uquka wonke umntu eyiyimfanelo yakhe ukuqhuba izinto elizweni: abafundisi-ntsapho bethu, abongikazi bethu, ulawulo lwethu, oonontlalo-ntle bethu kunye naye wonke omnye umntu onendima ayidlalayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izinto ziyasebenza. Kucacile ukuba, ubunkokheli kufuneka buvele phezulu. Izibonelelo kufuneka zenziwe zifumaneke kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe umzekelo. Kodwa thina, njengesizwe, sizibophelele ekubekeni abantwana kuqala. Kwaye oku yinto ekufuneka siyenze sonke.
Nangeyiphi na indlela encinane esinokwenza ngayo.
IPhulo leSebe lezobuLungisa kunye noPhuhliso loMgaqo-siseko: iCandelwana labaNtwana kunye neMicimbi yoluTsha kunye neCandelwana leSizwe loTshutshiso loluNtu: AmaTyala oKwabelana ngeSondo kunye neYunithi yeMicimbi yoluNtu
