Shortcuts (Maize)									IsiXhosa
Azivumelekanga iindlela ezinqumlayo kwezolimo ngolondolozo
Folio strap: EzoLimo ngoLondolozo
Byline: NguPhonnie du Toit (Arc-Grain Crops Institute Potchefstroom)
Photo 1: Isixhobo esingalimiyo esisetyenziswayo sokutyala imiqolo emibini ngexesha. Qaphela umhlaba ongalinywanga.
Photo 2: Ukuseka umaleko wentsalela yezityalo kumphezulu womhlaba ngumba obalulekileyo kwezoLimo ngoLondolozo (CA). UTheo Msimanga, umlimi waseDiekeng eMpumalanga uhlola iplothi ekuqhutywa kuyo uvavanyo phambi kokutyala. Qaphela indawo engenalukhula kunye nentsalela yesityalo kumphezulu.
Photo 3: Umzekelo wesixhobo esidala sokutyala esijikiweyo ukuze sityale ngaphandle kokulima.
Photo 4: UJohannes Simelane wenza umsebenzi wokufama kwisithili saseBalfour eMpumalanga kwaye ulima iihektare ezingama-300 zombona. Selesenza iimvavanyo ezizezakhe ngemiba ethile yezoLimo ngoLondolozo (CA).
Grabber 1: EzoLimo ngoLondolozo zijoliswe ekugcineni umlimi emasimini.
Grabber 2: EzoLimo ngoLondolozo (CA) yinkqubo efuna inqanaba eliphezulu lolawulo kanti ukuguqukela kwenye inkqubo entsha yokulima, ngokuqinisekileyo, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamagingxi-gingxi.
Ezolimo ngolondolozo (Conservation agriculture – CA) ngumba omtsha kubalimi abaninzi bezityalo eziziinkozo eMzantsi Afrika. Funda kweli nqaku okuthethwa ngabalimi abasaphuhlayo ngezolimo ngolondolozo nangemigaqo efanele ukulandelwa ngabalimi ukuze bagcine umkhondo wale ndlela intsha yokulinywa kwezityalo. 
Kuphathelene nantoni ukulima ngolondolozo (i-CA)?
Yinto eyaziwa cacileyo into yokuba uninzi lwabalimi lusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulungisa umhlaba kwaye ikhuba elinenkcenkce lisesisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifama. Kwiziganeko ezininzi abalimi batyala umbona njengesityalo esihamba sodwa ngaphandle kokuwubandakanya kujikeleziso lwezityalo ezifana neembotyi okanye ujongilanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhuba lenkcenkce kwiminyaka emininzi kubonwa namhlanje njengonobangela omkhulu wokwetha komgangatho womhlaba. Ukwetha komgangatho womhlaba kwenzeka kumanqanaba amathathu:
Ukulima okunganqunyanyiswayo kutshabalalisa isakhiwo somhlaba;
Ukulahleka kwesakhono somhlaba sokugcina amanzi; kananjalo
Ukuhla kwamanani ezidalwa ezincinanana eziluncedo emhlabeni. 
I-CA yinkqubo ephuhliselwe ukukhusela umhlaba, ukuphucula umgangatho wemihlaba nokubuyisela umhlaba kwisimo sawo sentsusa sokuchuma nesempilo entle. Kwakhona kwi-CA umlimi usebenzisa ixabiso lezityalo ezahluka-hlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokujikelezisa izityalo nombona. Xa umlimi elima izityalo ezithe chatha ngobuninzi oko kunceda ekucutheni iimeko eziyimingcipheko. Khumbula intetho ethi “ungabokusigcina kwisisele esinye isivuno sakho”. 
Wonke ubani makaqonde ukuba ezoLimo ngoLondolozo zithetha ukungawuphethuli umhlaba okanye ukulima ngenjongo yolondolozo kuphela. Inkqubo yezoLimo ngoLondolozo yakhiwe ubukhulu becala phezu kweentsika ezintathu:
Umhlaba mawuphazanyiswe kancinci kangangoko. Oku kuthetha ukuba mawungalinywa kwaye ungakrazulwa ukuze ukutyala kwenziwe ngesixhobo sokutyala kuba sona sikwazi ukutyala ngqo emhlabeni ongaphazanyiswanga. 
Intsalela yezityalo ihlala iphezu komhlaba. Ngale ndlela intsalela yezityalo inceda ekugqumeni umhlaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukujikelezisa izityalo, kubandakanywa izityalo ezifana neembotyi nee-ertyisi, ziyinxenye yenkqubo yokulima.
Bathini abalimi malunga nezoLimo ngoLondolozo (CA)?
Kuphengululo olwenziwe phakathi kwamaqela amathathu abalimi abasaphuhlayo eMpumalanga, eLimpopo nakwiphondo laseMntla-ntshona abalimi bebenethemba ngoncedo lezolimo ngolondolozo kodwa neentsilelo zezoLimo ngoLondolozo ziye zabacacela nazo ngokwendlela abayibona ngayo le nkqubo. 
Okunye okuluncedo malunga nezoLimo ngoLondolozo okuchongwe ngabalimi naku:
UkuLima ngoLondolozo kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.
UkuLima ngoLondolozo kunokunceda ekucutheni iindleko zoomatshini. 
Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kunokufaka igalelo ekucutheni ixesha neendleko zabasebenzi. 
Ubukho bemihlanganiselwa eLungele ukuJikeleziswa bunokwenza kube lula ngakumbi ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula. 
Ukuqukwa kwezityalo eziziinkozo zemidumba ezifana nee-ertyisi okanye iimbotyi zesoya kunokunceda ekuphuculeni ukuchuma komhlaba. 
Phakathi kwezinye izithintelo ezininzi malunga nezoLimo ngoLondolozo ezichongwe ngabalimi nazi ezinye:
Isidingo semali yokuqalisa kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokufumana oomatshini 
Ukungabikho kwemali yokuqalisa ngale nkqubo, umzekelo, ukuthenga isixhobo sokutyala esingawulimiyo umhlaba endaweni yesixhobo esiqhelekileyo, kuseyingxaki enkulu kubalimi abaninzi. Ixabiso langoku lezixhobo zokutyala imiqolo emibini ezingalimiyo liphakathi kwama-R50 000 nama-R80 000 ngesixhobo esinye. 
Ubunzima bokulawula isigqumathelo somhlaba ngesigcina-kufuma
Abalimi abaninzi baxhomekeka kwiintsalela zezityalo ukuba zisetyenziswe yimfuyo kanti namadiza ombona asisondlo esixabiseke ngakumbi. Kwakhona abalimi bebexhalela ukufumaneka kwesigqumathelo somhlaba esifanelekileyo ngakumbi kumaxesha onyaka abaleleyo xa izivuno ziphantsi. 
Umngcipheko wokuhla kwesivuno sezityalo
Abalimi baxele ngokucacileyo ukuba abanakukwazi ukuba sesichengeni sokuhla kwezivuno zezityalo ngenxa yempumezo yenkqubo entsha yokukhupha imveliso. Zisenokuba khona iilahleko kwithuba elifutshane, nto leyo eya kutyhafisa abalimi ekulandeleni inkqubo yezolimo ngolondolozo. 
Bangayinikwa njani inkxaso abalimi abafuna ukulandela ezoLimo ngoLondolozo (CA)?
Kwiimvavanyo zasezifama ukuze kulingwe ezoLimo ngoLondolozo 
Ngenxa yayo yonke imingcipheko abanokudibana nayo abalimi kufuneka baqinisekiswe ngenkqubo entsha ukuba inako ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo. Iimvavanyo ezikwiifama ezikufutshane ezenziwa nabalimi ziya kunika umoya “wegumbi lokufundela” ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nezoLimo ngoLondolozo bakwazi nokuzithelekisa nenkqubo yesiqhelo.
Ukuqhelanisa izixhobo zokusebenza ezikhoyo
Abalimi mabakhuthazwe ukuguqula izixhobo zabo zokusebenza abanazo ezifana nezixhobo zokutyala ukuba zibe zeziwulima kancinane umhlaba okanye zingawulimi kwaphela. Umzekelo, eBrazil, uninzi lwabalimi asebephambili kule nkqubo babengenazo iintsiba zokuthenga oomatshini abaphucukileyo. Njengesiphumo soko baqalisa ngokujika izixhobo zokutyala zesiqhelo zaba zizixhobo zokutyala ezingawulimiyo umhlaba. Esi saba sisiqalo “Senguquko Yokulima Okungekhoyo” seminyaka yee-1970 kwelo lizwe.
Ukwazisa abalimi ngezixhobo zezoLimo ngoLondolozo 
Kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukuze kuvaleke isithuba esikhoyo phakathi kwabalimi abasaphuhlayo kunye namashishini ezolimo agqalisele kwezoLimo ngoLondolozo. 
Ukuphucula iimeko ukuze kwandiswe imveliso yezityalo eziyimidumba
Nangona abalimi bebonise ukuba izityalo eziyimidumba zinako ukuphucula iinkqubo zabo zokulima izityalo, basasilela ekwandiseni ukulinywa kwemidumba. Oku kwenziwa lufikelelo olungephi kubaboneleli ngembewu kanti malunga nee-ertyisi kusuka kungabikho mmandla wentengiso uthembekileyo wazo. Eyona ndlela iphucukileyo yokunika abalimi inkxaso ukuze baxhamle ngokupheleleyo kwixabiso lezityalo eziyimidumba kujikeleziso lwezityalo kukuphucula inkqubo yobonelelo lwembewu nokudala amathuba aphucukileyo ommandla wentengiso wabalimi. 
Ukukhuthaza imveliso eyongezelelweyo yefula
Abalimi mabakhuthazwe ukutyala izityalo zefula emasimini ahlukileyo. Amazimba aswiti ohlobo lwefula alinywe ehlotyeni okanye iradishi yamaJapani nehabile (i-oats) ezilinyelwe ukutyisa ebusika zinako ukunceda kakhulu ekunikeni ifula enokugcinwa. Ngale ndlela abalimi baya kukwazi ukugcina umhlaba ugqumekile njengoko beya kuba bengaxhomekekanga kangako kwintsalela yezityalo njengomthombo wefula. 
Khumbula ukuba iziseko zokulima izityalo mazisoloko zisenziwa ngokuchanekileyo ngawo onke amaxesha. Phambi kwalo naliphi ilinge lokuguqukela kwinkqubo yezoLimo ngoLondolozo, abalimi mabaqinisekise ukuba baya kuqhekeza umhlaba olukhuni ongaphantsi onokuba khona kwaye batshabalalise nayiphi ingxaki yokuhlaselwa lukhula enokuba khona enjengeentlobo ezithile zengca. Mabenze ilinge lokufuna amacebiso kubalimi abanamava nesixokelelwano sezoLimo ngoLondolozo. Okokugqibela, umlimi makazidibanise nabo bazimiseleyo ukunika inkxaso kubalimi nababona ezoLimo ngoLondolozo njengenkqubo enokukhethwa. Ngale ndlela uya kufumanisa ukuba ezoLimo ngoLondolozo zisentloko kwikamva eliphucukileyo lomsebenzi wokufama. 
