UKULINGANA NGOKWESINI KUNYE NOMTHETHO KAMAKULINGWANE
INTSHAYELELO
Waphunyezelwa nto ni uMthetho kaMakulingwane?
UMthetho waphunyezelwa ukunika ifuthe lendlu yowiso-mthetho ilungelo lomakulingwane eliqulathwe kwicandelo 9 loMthetho siSeko. Iinjongo zawo gabalala, kukunciphisa ucalulo olungafanelekanga nokukhuthaza ukulingana ngokunika nokulungiselela inkqubo yokugqithisa izikhalazo.
Ngubani onemfanelo yokunika ubungqina bocalulo ngokuhambelana noMthetho?
Nje ukuba umfaki sicelo afake uluvo lokuqala lwetyala localulo, umthwalo wobungqina ukummangalelwa ukuba anike ubungqina bokuba khange kubekho calulo njengokuba kutyholwa njalo okanye into eyenzekileyo ayisekwanga nakomnye umhlaba okanye imihlaba engavumelekanga.
Nguwuphi umgaqo olandelwa lixhoba localulo ukuze kulandelwe ityala elo ngokoMthetho?
Mntu owenzela umdla wakhe;
Mntu omele omnye ongenakwenza ngegama lakhe;
Mntu owenza njengelungu elimele iqela okanye udidi lwabantu;
Mntu osebenzela ukunceda uluntu
Nawuphi na umbutho ngokomdla wamalungu awo;
IKhomishini yaMalungelo; okanye
IKhomishini yoLingano ngeSini.
Ummangali angaya kumabhalane weNkundla yezoLingano afake isikhalazo esebenzisa uxwebhu olukhethelwe ukusetyenziselwa oko. Inkundla yezoLingano iya kulincedisa ixhoba ekuhambiseni isikhalazo.
Ndidi zini zoncedo ezingayalelwa yiNkundla yezoLingano?
INkundla yezoLingano inegunya lokwenza uphando ngokumalunga nesicelo phantsi koMthetho nokunika umyalelo ofanelekileyo kwiimeko ezilandela uphando olulolo hlobo. Imiyalelo enokunikwa ibandakanya imiyalelo yexeshana naleyo inokubhengezwa, iyalela intlawulo yokoniwa, iyalele ukuba kucelwe uxolo olungenazimeko zibekiweyo nokwenza isigqibo sentlawulo phakathi kwamaqela sibe ngumyalelo wenkundla.
INKQUBO YAMALUNGELO OLUNTU
Imvelaphi yamalungelo oluntu
IsiBhengezo Jikelele samalungelo oLuntu ("isiBhengezo") esamkelwa saze sabhengezwa ngomhla we-10 kuDisemba ka-1948 ngeNtlanganiso kaWonkewonke yeZizwe eziManyeneyo siphawula isiqalo sokwenene sokuvunywa kwamalungelo oluntu ngumhlaba wonke. IsiBhengezo sikwaphawula isiphelo soluvo lokuba imibuso ephantsi kolawulo oluzimeleyo ingaphila ngokubelwa ecaleni ngokupheleleyo kwibandla nebandla lehlabathi liphela ze liqhubele phambili ububi okanye longamele ukophulwa kwamalungelo oluntu kungekho kwakuzikhathaza okukhe kwavakaliswa nanguwo nawuphi na umbuso ongomnye. IsiBhengezo sasilusabelo lwezembali kwiMfazwe yeLizwe kwaye ngokungqalene neenkohlakalo ezenziwa yiNazi Germany.
IsiBhengezo asijonganga nesiphumo somthetho osisibophelelo kumazwe asamkelayo. Ndaweni yoko simele ukuvakaliswa koluvo lukawonke wonke lwangemibuso evumelana nesiBhengezo. Seside saba sisixhobo ekunokulinganiselwa ngaso imithetho- siseko nekunokuvavanywa ngaso iintetho ezingenabungqina zokwaphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Saba sisandulela sokuzalwa koko kubizwa njenge"nkqubo yamalungelo oluntu" ngendlela abantu abangabantu nje ababhenela ngayo kwizimvo zehlabathi lonke zokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni amalungelo abantu?
Amalungelo oluntu zezinye iimpawu zenkululeko. Achazwe "njengeenkqubo zobulungisa" okanye "amalungelo okuziphatha kakuhle ehlabathi liphela angawabantu bonke ngokulinganayo kuba nje bengabantu"
Ilungelo kufuneka lohlulwe kwinkululeko nangona zombini ezi zinto, amalungelo nenkululeko zikholisa ukuba phakathi kuMthetho wamaLungelo. Ilungelo elinokunikwa, into umthetho oyamkela njengeyakho (umzekelo, ulingano, isidima). Inkululeko lilungelo ukulindela ukuba abo ezo zinto ezizezexabiso eziqatshelwa luluntu njengezintle, zibe azohluthwa kuwe.
UMthetho oyilwayo wamaLungelo
UMthetho waMalungelo usebenza kuyo yonke imithetho, kwaye uyayibophelela iNdlu yoWiso-Mthetho, IQumrhu eliphetheyo, iiJaji zelizwe nawo onke amalungu karhulumente.
Amalungiselelo omthetho abophelela umntu nje okanye umntu olilungu lolawulo kwezobulungisa ukuba ngaba kuthe kanti kufaneleke njalo kukhangelwe ubume belungelo kwanobume bawo nawuphi umsebenzi onyanzeliswe lilungelo elo.
Inkoliso yamalungelo kuMthetho oyilwayo waMalungelo akhusela wonke ubani.
Umntu olilungu lolawulo kwezobulungisa unelungelo kumalungelo akuMthetho oyilwayo waMalungelo kangangoko kufunwa sisimo samalungelo nasisimo salowo ulilungu lolawulo kwezobulungisa.
Ukuncitshiswa kwamalungelo
Amalungelo akuWiso-thetho lwaMalungelo angancitshiswa kuphela ngokuhambelana nomthetho wokusetyenziswa gabalala kangangokuba ube umthetho ufanelekile kwaye unokugwetyelwa kwintlalo evulekileyo nekhululekileyo esekwe kwisidima soluntu, ulingano nenkululeko, kujongwe iimeko ezifanelekileyo.
IMVELAPHI YOMTHETHO WOLINGANO
Injongo yoMthetho kukunika ifuthe kwicandelo 9 loMthetho-siseko ukwenzela ukunqanda ucalucalulo nokuxhatshazwa; ukukhuthaza ulingano nokunciphisa ucalucalulo olungafanelekanga; ukuthintela nokunqanda intetho yentiyano.
Umda woMthetho
UMthetho ubophelela urhulumente nabantu bonke. UMthetho awusebenzi nakowuphi umntu ekusebenza kuye uMthetho woBulungisa eNgqeshweni.
Ukuba ungquzulwano olunxulumene nokuhlangatyezwane nako kuMthetho woLingano luvela phakathi koMthetho namalungiselelo awo nawuphi umthetho ongomnye, ngaphandle koMthetho-siseko okanye ukuba uMthetho wePalamente ulungisa ngokucacileyo uMthetho, makulawule amalungiselelo oMthetho.
Yintoni ucalulo?
Ucalulo luthetha nasiphi isenzo okanye ukushiyelelwa, kubandakanya umgaqo nkqubo, umthetho, ulawulo, isenzo, imeko ethi ngokungqalileyo okanye ngokungangqalanga-
Inyanzelise uxanduva, iimbophelelo okanye isithintelo okanye
Ibambe amalungelo, amathuba emntwini kumhlaba omnye okanye imihlaba engaphezu kwesinye kuleyo ingavumelekanga
Ucalulo lungenziwa ngendlela yokuziphatha okubonakalayo( nasiphi na isenzo) okanye ngokungenzi/ngokungathathi manyathelo (ukungenzi/ukushiya)
Ucalulo lungavela kumgaqo nkqubo, umthetho, isenzo okanye kwimeko.
Lungalolungqalileyo okanye olungangqalanga. Ucalucalulo olungqalileyo lubandakanya impathp engafanelekanga okanye engafaniyo ngokuseka komnye wemihlaba edweliswe kwicandelo 1 loMthetho. Ucalucalulo olungangqalanga lucalucalulo olungehluli abantu ngokucacileyo ngokwemihlaba edwelisiwe (nangokwayiphi imihlaba ekunokwenzeka kuyo noxa ingadweliswanga kwicandelo 1 loMthetho) kodwa noxa kunjalo ibe nefuthe localucalulo kumaqela athile nabantu abathile.
Kwenza isithintelo ngokunyanzela ubunzima, izinyanzelo okanye isithintelo; okanye
Ukunciphisa inzuzo ngokubamba amancedo, amathuba neenzuzo.
Yiyiphi imihlaba yocalucalulo eyaliwayo?
Ubuhlanga ngokwebala
Iminyaka yobudala
Isini nezesondo
Ukukhulelwa
Iwonga lokutshata
Imvelaphi ngokobuhlanga nezithethe
Inkolo
Isazela neenkolelo
Inkcubeko nolwimi
Ukuzalwa
Eminye imihlaba eyongezelelweyo
Amaziko namaCandelo oMthetho woLingano
IKhomishini yoMzantsi Afrika yamaLungelo oLuntu igunyaziswe ngokoMthetho ka-1994 wamalungelo oLuntu ukuba amamele izikhalazo ezinxulumene nocalucalulo kwaye yamkelwa njengendawo eyenye yoMthetho woLingano.
IKhomishini yoLingano ngeSini igunyaziswe ngokoMthetho weKhomishini yoLingano ngeSini ukuba iphulaphule izikhalazo ezinxulumene nocalucalulo ngokwesini kwaye ivunywe njengeqonga elilelinye ngokoMthetho woLingano.
UMkhuseli woLuntu usekwe ngokwecandelo 110 nele-114 loMthetho-siseko noMthetho woMkhuseli woLuntu ka-1994 ukuphanda imibandela nokukhusela uluntu lonke kwimibandela enje:
Ngokusetyenziswa kakubi okanye ulawulo olubi ngokunxulumene nemicimbi karhulumente;
Ukuziphatha kakubi komntu owenza imisebenzi yoluntu;
Izenzo ezigwenxa ngokumalunga nemali yoluntu;
Ukuzityebisa okungafanelekanga nokungekho mthethweni komntu osebenzela urhulumente;
Isenzo okanye ukutyeshela komntu osebenzela uluntu/ urhulumente nto leyo eba nesiphumo esidala umonakalo ongafanelekanga komnye umntu.
INkundla yoMthetho-siseko igunyaziswe ukuba iphulaphule izikhalazo ngokwecandelo 9 (igatya lolingano) loMthetho-siseko.
INKundla ePhakamileyo yeZibheno igunyaziswe ukuphulaphula izikhalazo ngokwecandelo 9 (igatya lolingano) loMthetho-siseko.
INkundla ePhakamileyo igunyaziswe ukuphulaphula izikhalazo ngokwecandelo 9(igatya lolingano) loMthetho-siseko. INkundla ePhakamileyo ikwagunyaziswe ukuhlala njengeNkundla yaMatyala yoLingano ngokoMthetho.
IiNkundla zikaMantyi zigunyaziswe ukuphulaphula izikhalazo ngokwecandelo 9 (igatya lolingano) loMthetho-siseko. Amacandelo 1 no-16 oMthetho woLingano amisela ukuba iNkundla kaMantyi yiNkundla yoLingano.
INkundla yeziBheno zaBasebenzi inolawulo kwizigqibo zokugxothwa komntu ngenxa yocalucalulo.(ukugxothwa okungafanelekanga okuzenzekelayo) nezenzo zocalucalulo olungafanelekanga, ezenzeka emsebenzini.
INkundla yaBasebenzi inolawulo kwizigqibo zokugxothwa komntu ngenxa yocalucalulo (ukugxothwa okungafanelekanga okuzenzekelayo) nezenzo zocalucalulo olungafanelekanga emsebenzini.
INkundla yoXolelaniso nokuLamla inolawulo kwizigqibo zokugxothwa komntu ngenxa yocalucalulo (ukugxothwa okungafanelekanga okuzenzekelayo) nezenzo zocalucalulo olungafanelekanga emsebenzini woxolelaniso kuphela.
INKundla yamaBango eMihlaba isekwe ngokwecandelo 22 loMthetho wokuBuyekezwa kwaMalungelo oMhlaba necandelo 166 ( c) loMthetho-siseko ukulungiselela ukubuyekezwa kwamalungelo emihlaba ebantwini okanye kubemi ababohluthwe loo malungelo emva kwe-19 Juni 1913 ngenxa yemithetho neenkqubo zocalucalulo lwangaphambili ngokwebala.
INtshayelelo kwiKhomishini yoLingano ngeSini
IKhomishini yoLingano ngeSini (Commission on Gender Equality/CGE) yinxalenye yeSahluko 9 saMaziko kaRhulumente eXhasa iNkululeko evunywe kuMthetho-siseko ecamngcwe kwicandelo 181 loMthetho-siseko. egunya layo likukukhuthaza imbeko yolingano ngesini nokukhusela, ukuphuhlisa nokufikelela kulingano ngobuni.
ICGE iizimele kwaye iphendula kuphela kuMthetho-siseko nomthetho. Kufuneka ingabi namkhethe kwaye isebenzisa amagunya ayo nemisebenzi yawo yokwenziwa ingenaloyiko, ingenamkhethe okanye ukugweba ngolwazi onalo, Ilawulwa yiKhomishini yoMthetho woLingano ngeSini, ka-1996 ebeka amagunya nemisebenzi yayo ebanzi nezizintlu ngezintlu. Amagunya nemisebenzi yeCGE :
kukubeka esweni nokunika ixabiso lemigaqo nkqubo neenkqubo zikarhulumente kunye nezamaziko abucala/oshishino;
yimfundo nolwazi lukawonkewonke;
ukunika urhulumente iingcebiso zokukhulisa ulingano ngesini, kubandakanya nokucebisa ngeenguqu ezinokwenziwa kuwiso mthetho oselukhona nokuceba uwiso mthetho olutsha;
ukusombulula iingxabano ezimalunga nesini ngoxolelwaniso okanye ngothethwano;
ukuphanda ngentswela kulingana kwezesini; noku-
beka esweni ukuthobela imimiselo yehlabathi ekhuthaza ulingano ngesini.
ICGE inamagunya abonakalayo ahambelana nokuphanda ngentswela kulingana kwezesini. Ngokwalo mba , nelixa iCGE isenza uphando inga-
funa nakubani na iinkcukacha nolwazi olufunekayo;
funa nawuphi na umntu ukuba avele phambi kwayo avelise amanqaku athile okanye amaxwebhu;
buza nabani ukuba aphendule phantsi kwesifungo;
ngokomthetho wegunya elikhutshwe ngumantyi okanye ijaji ingaphanda nawuphi na umntu, ingene iphande iphengulule nayiphi na indawo ze ithimbe ithathe nantoni emntwini okanye endaweni enento yokwenza nophando.1
Amagunya eKhomishini axhaswa sisohlwayo sabaphuli mthetho nokungaphumeleli ukuhambisana nophando olwenziwa yiKhomishini, oko kungathathwa njengolwaphulo mthetho nemfanelo yesohlwayo okanye isigwebo entolongweni sexesha elizinyanga ezi-6.
IKhomishini ingaya kuPrezidenti welizwe okanye iPalamente nanini na nangayiphi imiba emalunga nokusetyenziswa kwamagunya ayo ukuqhutywa kwemisebenzi yayo. Ikhomishini kulindeleke ukuba qho ngonyaka yenze ingxelo yemisebenzi yayo kwanokuphumelela ekufezekiseni iinjongo zayo, kuMongameli/uPrezidenti welizwe ekulindeleke ukuba yena ayandlale ePalamente kwangexesha. IKhomishini inokunika nayiphina ingxelo eyenye nanini kuPrezidenti okanye ePalamente.
IKhomishini yoLingano ngeSini ingaqalisa imisele iinkqubo zokuKhuthazwa koMthetho woLingano noThintelo loCalucalulo Olungafanelekanga, ngokufezekisa umdla wayo , umdla woluntu gabalala okanye ngokumela omnye umntu okanye umdla walo naliphi na iqela lodidi labantu.
Ngaphaya koko, iCGE liqonga elilelinye lweenjongo zalo Mthetho. Oku kuthetha ukuba igosa elisesihlalweni seNkundla yoLingano ingawugqithisela kwiCGE umcimbi ukuze kujongwane nawo ngokwamagunya nemisebenzi..
ICandelo 13, uMthetho 39 ka-1996 weKhomishini yoLingano ngeSini.
