NgoMatshi (Maize)									IsiXhosa
Ithuba elizayo lelixakekileyo malunga nemfuyo yakho 
Imiyalelo:
Folio strap: Ukongeza ixabiso
Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA yeNkqubo loPhuhliso lwamaFama
Ixesha likaMatshi aliphithizeli malunga nokulinywa kombona kodwa lixesha elixakekileyo ngokuphathelene nomlimi onempumelelo. Malunga nomlimi wombona ixesha lonyaka lasehlotyeni lokusebenza ngokuxhabasha lidlulile kwaye ngoku lixesha elifutshane lokuphumla ngakwicala lombona. 
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabalimi bombona bakwanalo necala lemfuyo elinegalelo ekusexhamleni okufanelekileyo kwazo zonke izinto ezisetyenziswayo zendalo ukuze ngokwenza njalo kuphunguleke imingcipheko enxulunyaniswa nokulinywa kwezityalo. 
Iliqela imiba ebalulekileyo enxulunyaniswa nokufama ngeenkomo zenyama, eluhlobo oluxhaphake kakhulu lokufama ngemfuyo oluqhutywa ngabalimi bezityalo eziziinkozo. Yonke le miba isondelelene kakhulu kwisimo nempilo yenkomo.
Ubudala ngethuba lokufumana inkonyana okokuqala 
Ukukhulisa amankonyana ukuze andise iinkomo kwixesha elizayo kuneendleko eziphezulu, kaloku kufuneka inkomo ide ibe nenkonyana okokuqala ukuze ibe ifaka ingeniso. Abalimi abavumelani bonke malunga nobona budala bufanelekileyo bokufumana inkonyana okokuqala, kodwa kukhuselekile ukuthi kunqweneleka mhlawumbi kwiminyaka emibini nemithathu yobudala. Ukuba inkonyana belingondliwa ngokwaneleyo, liya kuba lincinci kakhulu (khaphu-khaphu) ukuba lingamitha ukuze oko kubambezele umhla wokufumana inkonyana okokuqala. Kumnxeba wobomi bemazi yenkomo, injongo kukufumana inkonyana yayo qho kwiintsuku ezingama-365 (ngonyaka ngamnye kwinyanga leyo). Xa imazi yenkomo ifumene inkonyana layo lokuqala selilidala, oko kuthetha ukuba iya kuba namankonyana ambalwa kumnxeba wobomi balo bokwandisa. 
Amathuba okufumana inkonyana
Imazi yenkomo inokubonwa njengefektri yokufumana amankonyana. Ithuba lokumitha kwemazi yenkomo ziinyanga ezilithoba kwaye iyasuswa kufutshane nenkunzi kwiinyanga ezimbini ezilandelayo ukuze umzimba wayo uphumle ngethuba lokondla inkonyana ngobisi (lona lixhomekeke kwaphela elubisini kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa zobomi balo). Okunqwenelekayo kukuba imazi yenkomo imithe kwakhona kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokufumana inkonyana ukuze kwangayo inyanga ezele ngayo iphinde yenze njalo kunyaka ozayo kunyaka ngamnye. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngonyaka ngamnye kufumaneka imveliso yenkomo, ngaphandle kokwaphuka kwempilo yenkomo. Xa inkomo ingondliwa kakuhle, ayinakukwazi ukumitha nokuthwala inkonyana ngonyaka ngamnye.
Ipesenti yokufunyanwa kwamankonyana
Ngokuya sinyuka isantya sokufumaneka kwamankonyana, linyuka njalo inani lamankonyana anokuthengiswa ekupheleni kwexesha elo lonyaka. Bukhona bona ubuchule bokuba ibe yinto eyenzekayo ukuba imazi yenkomo nganye ifumane inkonyana ngonyaka ngamnye. Iliqela imibandela ephembelela ipesenti yokufunyanwa kwamankonyana, kodwa imeko yenkomo ngomnye wemibandela ephambili (eminye imibandela inokubandakanya impilo yomhlambi, inani leenkunzi xa lithelekiswa neleemazi, ukuchuma kweenkunzi njl.njl.) Iimazi zeenkomo ezingazali qho ngonyaka mazingagcinwa emhlambini – zingabahambi kwaye aziyihlawuleli indlela yazo kananjalo azinagalelo kwingeniso yefama. 
Ipesenti yokulumla 
Inkonyana eliphilileyo, elinempilo entle sisiqalo esihle eso, kodwa ukuze kubekho ingeniso kufuneka likhuliswe lide lifikelele ekulunyulweni nasekuthengisweni. Inkonyana malizalwe lilikhulu kwaye lomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze likwazi ukuma nokwanya kunina ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ukuze liqalise ukukhula. Isimo sokondleka kukanina sibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba imazi yenkomo ikwimeko entle kwaye yondlekile, iya kukwazi ukumitha, ukuzala nokukhulisa inkonyana elinempilo. Amankonyana afa phambi kokulunyulwa ayilahleko kumlimi. Makwenziwe onke amalinge okulumla amankonyana ali-100% athe azalwa. 
Ubunzima bomzimba ngethuba lokulumla 
Uninzi lwamankonyana alunyuliweyo athengiswa ngokweekhilogram ngoko ke xa buphezulu ubunzima bomzimba, nexabiso layo liya kuphakama. Ubukhulu bamankonyana bukholisa ukunxulunyaniswa nesimo sokondleka kwenkomo nenkonyana kwithuba lonyaka kanti kuqwalaselwa nohlobo lwenkomo. Xa lilikhulu inkonyana elilunyuliweyo ngenkomo nganye, ngokunjalo iyaphucuka ingeniso yeshishini.
Njengoko kuxoxiwe, abalimi abaninzi abanempumelelo bakwanalo necala lemfuyo eninzi kwimisebenzi yabo yokulima – iinkomo (okanye enye imfuyo) zisebenzisa amathafa endalo, amadlelo (natyalwe kwimihlaba yesakhono esiphantsi), nakwiintsalela zombona (izikhondwana zamadiza). Ukuba ngumlimi onempumelelo ofuyileyo kunxulunyaniswa ngakumbi nokunika isondlo esaneleyo, sodidi olulungileyo kunyaka uphelele. Ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni abalimi abaninzi bayakwazi ukuthembela emathafeni nasemadlelweni ukuze bondle imfuyo yabo, kodwa abalimi abalungileyo bayayilungiselela imfuyo yabo ukwenzela iinyanga zasebusika ezibandayo nezibaleleyo. 
Xa seliza kuphela ihlobo, abalimi abaninzi balima isondlo esiluhlaza (sikholisa ukuba yihabile) phakathi kwemiqolo yombona. Emva kokuvuna umbona, iinkomo neegusha ziyavunyelwa ukutyisa emasimini apho zikwaziyo ukusebenzisa izikhondwana zamadiza, izikhwebu zombona eziwileyo, kunye nesondlo esiluhlaza. Abanye abalimi balima i-seradella phakathi kombona. Yona isisityalo esingumdumba esinencasa nesinesondlo esiphucuke kakhulu esinganiki isondlo sodidi oluphezulu kakhulu kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni yakha i-nitrogen enokusetyenziselwa isityalo esilandelayo. Inyanga kaMatshi isemva kwexesha lokulima ihabile (i-oats) ne-seradella, kodwa lisekhona ixesha lokulima i-rye. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba i-rye ungayityali yonke ngexesha elinye, njengoko ikhula msinyane kakhulu kwaye ngebakala elithile, uya kuba nefula eninzi ngokugqithisileyo, kulandele ithuba elicuthekileyo apho ingasayi kwanela ifula. I-rye ayimnandanga xa ikwimbewu njengoko uboya bayo buhlaba emlonyeni, empumlweni nasemehlweni empahla. 
Xa unamadlelo atyalwe i-eragrostis, inyanga kaMatshi lixesha elihle yokuwacheba okokugqibela. Umgangatho wengca (ifula) awusayi kuba mhle kweli xesha, ngaphandle kokuba usifake kakuhle isichumiso, kodwa ke noko uya kuba naso isintlaka-ntlakiso sokusebenzisa ngeenyanga zasebusika. Khumbula ukuba unako ukusoloko usongeza isikhothwa esilungileyo ukuze iinkomo zikwazi ukudibanisa nesintlaka-ntlakiso somgangatho ongaphucukanga, nangona kunjalo, xa ungenaso isintlaka-ntlakiso, akusayi kukwazi ukuzigcina izilwanyana kwixesha lasebusika zikwisimo esilungileyo. Ngokusika ingca uyibeke ngokwezithungu, uya kukwazi ukuchumisa amasimi kwixesha lasentlakohlaza uze ukwazi ukufumana isityalo esilungileyo sengca kwangoko kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, khusela izithungu kwiimozulu ngokuzigcina phantsi kophahla, okanye obona buncinci, zibekelele ngendlela eya kunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni semvula. 
Kwiinyanga zasebusika, ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba wondla izilwanyana zakho kuphela. Akufuni zinto ezidla emhlambini wakho. Eli lixesha elihle lokunyanga imfuyo yakho ngaphakathi (kwiintshulube) nangaphandle (kumakhalane). Xa ufuna icebiso malunga noku, nceda zidibanise neshishini lezolimo lendawo ohlala kuyo, imbumba okanye ugqirha wezilwanyana (baya kuba nazo iidiphu nemithamo ekhoyo). Ukuba usebenzisa amadlelo adityanelwayo, kuya kunceda wonke umntu xa abanini bemfuyo benokunyanga izilwanyana zabo ngaxeshanye; oku kuthintela izilwanyana ezidla emhlambini ezisuka kwezinye izilwanyana ezinganyangangwa zibuyele kwizilwanyana ezinyangiweyo. 
Emva kwexesha lonyaka elinemvula, kusuka kubekho ukongezeka kwezinambuzane, inkoliso yazo ngabathwali bezifo zemfuyo. Nceda qiniseka ukuba ufumana icebiso elihle malunga nenkqubo yokugonya iinkomo neegusha. Kuphucukile ukuchitha imali kugonyo nasekuthinteleni izifo kunokulahlekelwa sisilwanyana okungeyomfuneko. Xa uzikhathalela izilwanyana zakho kakuhle kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba zisoloko zisondliwa kakuhle, nazo ziya kukukhathalela zizise ingeniso eya kuzinzisa umsebenzi wokulima izityalo eziziinkozo. 
