UMPHANDLE
UBOMI BAKHO
IMIBA
USHICILELO
IZALATHISO
URHULUMENTE
IITHENDA
IMISEBENZI
Malunga
Qhagamshelana
Uncedo
Funa nzulu
Umphandle
Ushicilelo
IiNkcukacha Zoluntu
Ugonyo Lukhuselekile
ISISHWANKATHELO
Eli phetshana lichaza ukuba ngawaphi na amacebo athatyathiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amachiza akhuselekile.
UGONYO LUKHUSELEKILE
Intshayelelo
Umthwalo Wesifo xa Uthelekiswa Nomngcipheko
Ukhuseleko Nomgangatho Wamachiza
Iphulo Lokuqinisekisa Ukhuseleko Lwamachiza
Iindima Noxanduva
Imiceli-mngeni
Iinkcukacha Zoqhagamshelwano
INTSHAYELELO
Xa iWorld Health Organisation yaqalisa ngeenkqubo zayo zogonyo ngo-1974, apho kwagonywa abantwana behlabathi abangaphantsi kwesihlanu seepesenti. Amashumi amabini anesithandathu eminyaka emva koko, eli nani lenyuswa laya kufikelela kumashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu eepesenti zabantwana behlabathi. Izigidi ngezigidi zobomi babantwana baye basindiswa ze kwancitshiswa kakhulu nomthwalo wezigulo ezithintelekayo ngamachiza. Ngelixa izifo ezininzi zithe zaduka eluntwini, ngokumangalisayo ingxoxo ngokhuseleko logonyo isemi ngeenyawo.
Iinkonzo zonxibelelwano lwehlabathi, ukwanda kolwazi lwabathengi, ulwazi olwandayo noluphangaleleyo kwinzululwazi kwakunye neengxoxo ezivulelekileyo ngemiba yempilo zibe negalelo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba koluntu kwimiba yononophelo lwempilo ze zakhokelela ekungathembakalini kwexabiso logonyo.
Ukugxininisa Kwiintshukumo Ezingalunganga Ezilandela Ugonyo endaweni yobomi obusindisiweyo kwakunye nomthwalo ocuthekileyo wezifo zibe negalelo ekuveleni kweempendulo ezisuka entliziyweni ngaphandle kokuza neenyaniso. Inani lamaqela ezikhangela iinkcukacha nolwazi ngeemveliso zamachiza lande kakhulu ngenxa yeentlekele ezehla mihla le kwicandelo loluntu lempilo.
Iintshukumo ezingalunganga nezayanyaniswa namachiza zifumane ukujongwa ngeliso elibi ze zagxekwa nokugxekwa luluntu. Kuyabonakala uluntu luyekile ukujongana nokoyika oobhubhane bezifo futhi kungoku nje lujongana nemiba engcno efana nomgangatho, ukhuseleko nokulingana.
Ukuba semngciphekweni wokosuleleka zizifo kwakunye nezigulo ezingumvuka wokungagonywa, kufuneka zixelelwe abazali kwanoluntu. Abasebenzi kunonophelo lwempilo nabo kufuneka bekhunjuziwe ngeenzuzo ezintle zogonyo.
Akukho mntwana kufuneka evinjwe ugonyo ngaphandle kokucingisiswa kweziphumo zoko, emntwaneni nakuluntu nje jikelele.
UKHUSELEKO NOMGANGATHO WAMACHIZA
Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo Mbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo kwakunye namahlakani awo baqhubekeke besenza iinzame benikezela nangezibonelelo zokuphucula ukhuseleko nogonyo. Ubuchule obutsha bokwenza oku obufana nesirinji esinokusetyenziswa kube kanye kuphela buye baveliswa.
Ilizwe ngalinye lineCandelo Lesizwe Elilawula obu buchule elivavanya umgangatho wamachiza, nokuba aveliswa kwelo lizwe okanye ngaphandle, ze ekugqibeleni ibe kwalelo candelo elamkela okanye elikhaba ukusetyenziswa kwelo chiza luluntu. UMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo ulibona ichiza lisemgangathweni owamkelekileyo xa livavanywe licandelo elizimeleyo lesiawe elijongana nomgangatho wamachiza ngokwemigawo ebekwe nguwo. Kufuneka kungabikoh zingxaki zisalayo zayanyaniswa nomgangatho welo chiza. Onke amachiza asetyenziswe kwinkqubo yesizwe yogonyo kufuneka, ngokwelona nqanaba lisezantsi, amelane futhi athobele izidingo zemigangatho yoMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo.
Amachiza aqala avavanyelwe ukhuseleko nokuba ayasebenza ngokwenene na kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi phambi kokuba abhaliswe ze athengiswe apha eMzantsi Afrika. Onke amachiza athi avavanywe nguMbutho Ojongene Nolawulo Lwamachiza weli lizwe, obizwa ngokuba liBhunga Elilawula Amachiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza, umgangatho nokhuseleko phambi kokubhalswa nokqwamkelwa ukuze athengiswe.
Onke amachiza asetyenziswa kwiNkqubo ye-EPI(SA) enziwa ngokwemigaqo eqatha yokhuseleko. La machiza ayamelana nemigangatho yomgangatho, yokhuseleko neyokusebenza kwala machiza ebekwe nguMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo.
ukwandisa ukwamkeleka kogonyo kuluntu; kwakunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na intshukumo efana naleyo ithatyathwa ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kwisigulana, abazali kwakunye nabo beza namachiza.
Iintshukumo Ezingalunganga Ezilandela Ugonyo zingaqala kububomvu nobuhlungu obuqheleke kakhulu kwindawo efakwe kuyo inaliti, ukuya kwizigulo ezinqabileyo ezifana nokuba sesichengeni sokungamelani namachiza okanye nezidlo ezithile 1:100 000 to 1:1 000 000 zokusetyenziswa kwechiza lemasisi. Ezi ntshukumo zingalunganga zilandela emva kogonyo:
Zibangelwe lichiza
Zizenzekele
Azaziwa
Ukuze ibe nokuhamba ngesantya esifanayo nenzululwazi entsha, ubugcisa obutsha kwakunye neenkxalabo zoluntu, uMbutho Wehlabathi Wempilo udale iPhulo Lokhuseleko Kogonyo, phulo elo liya kujolisa:
ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwamachiza olukhangelwa kwiimvavanyo zaseklinikhi ngokuthi asetyenziswe kuphando kwakunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo nezilula zokuhanjiswa kwamachiza ekwandiseni ukufikelela koluntu kubugcisa bokunikezela nokulahla la machiza obukhuselekileyo nobusebenzayo ekufumaniseni nasekunakulawulo lwemingcipheko ezayanyaniswa nogonyo
Kwiingxoxo ezishushu eziza nogonyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umlinganiselo wenkcaneko/wenzuzo kwanokubeka ezi Ntshukumo Zingalunganga Zilandela Ugonyo kwindawo eyiyo. Amachiza aziwa njengelona cebo lezononophelo lwempilo likhuselekileyo nelingatyabuli kakhulu emalini.
INDIMA EKUFUNEKA IDLALIWE NOXANDUVA
Luxanduva loorhulumente, amaqumrhu alawulayo, ishishini lamachiza, abanikezeli beenkozo zononophelo lwempilo kwakunye noluntu ukunikezela ingxelo ngazo naziphi na iintshukumo ezigatya nezisengela phantsi ugonyo. Kukho isidingo sokuphendula kunikezelwe neenyaniso kwiinkxalabo zabazali nezoluntu jikelele.
IMICELI-MNGENI
Iindlela zokumelana nemiceli-mngeni iquka ukuhlanganiswa kwendlela ekhathakayo kubazali nakwiintsana, ulwazi olutsha kwakunye nengqondo eyakhayo yokujongana nogonyo. Akukho sidingo sakulukhusela ugonyo. Yinyaniso eyaziwayo ukuba izifo ezithintelekayo ngamachiza zinobungozi futhi yaye ugonyo luyazithintela!
Imiceli-mngeni emitsha kwicandelo lophuhliso nokhuseleko lwamachiza isankqenkqeza phambili. Amachiza anzima ayadalwa ze avavanywe futhi oko kuya kudinga iinkqubo neendlela zokuwahlola zale mihla. Kwangaxesha-nye la machiza kufuneka acuthe iindlela zokuniwanikezela, enze lula ubugcisa bokuwanikezela ze awanikezele nangamaxabiso amahle ze futhi kubonakale neenzuzo ezizizo kwicandelo lononophelo lwempilo yoluntu.
Ngaphandle kwezindlu eziphuculweyo, izindlu zangasese kwakunye namanzi acocekileyo, amachiza la abe neempumelelo ezingenakuthelekiswa ekunciphiseni ukufa nokosuleleka zizifo. Kwelinye icala, le mpumelelo ingakhokelela ekugxininiseni ngendlela engenasihlahla kwezinye izigulo ezibangelwa ngala machiza.
Umngcipheko wonxibelelwano unikezela ngothotho lwezixhobo zokucacisa ukuba sesichengeni ngokuthelekiswa neenzuzo. Xa sithetha ngokhuseleko lwaso nasiphi na isiyobisi, sithetha ngokhuseleko olubonakalayo, olo ke lukhuseleko oluthelekiswa nokungawasebenzisi la machiza.
INkqubo ye-EPI iya kuqhubekeka isebenza nawo onke amahlakani ukuphucula zonke iinkalo zogonyo, ezifana nokhuseleko lwamachiza, uqeqeswho kwanokusebenza neli shishini ukuphucula ubugcisa bokunikezela ngala machiza.
Kungokuphucula umgangatho wononophelo lwempilo kwanokuhlala sizigcine engqondweni iinzuzo eziza namacebo okuthintela ukosuleleka zizifo apho ihlabathi langomso liya kuba yindawo enempilo engcono.
iSebe Lezempilo liya kuqhubekeka liphakamisa inzuzo zokugonywa kwabemi boMzantsi Afrika, bonke abasebenzi kwicandelo lononophelo lwempilo kwakunye nabo banikezela ngoncedo lwezempilo.
UKUZE UFUMANE EZINYE IINKCUKACHA, QHAGAMSHELANA:
neNkqubo Eyandisiweyo Yogonyo kwiSebe Lezempilo
Inombolo Yomnxeba: 012 312 0099
Ingaba kukho nto ungayiqondiyo kwiintetho zaseburhulumenteni
Isigama Esinokusetyenziswa uMgaqo-nkqubo Wemfihlelo
Ilungelo Lobunini
