Ukhula (Maize) 	 								IsiXhosa



Indlela yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngempumelelo



Intshayelelo: 

Folio strap: Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama

Photos	

Photo 1: Isityalo sombona esingalunganga: khangela indlela ukhula eliphumelele ngayo edabini.

Photo 2: Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula okusileleyo, qaphela indlela ongayo umbona otyheli nobuthathaka.

Photo 3: Ihabile (i-oats) ezikhulela ingalinywanga engqoloweni. Khangela ihabile ezikhulelayo emhlophe nevelileyo ngobude uze ujonge isityalo esifutshane esigolide ngombala. 

Photo 4: Ingca eyinqoboka etyheli efumaneka entsimini yombona.



Umsebenzi wokufama usengumceli-mngeni kanti ndithe kanye xa ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu seleve ngokwaneleyo ngokutshatyalaliswa kokhula, ndandwendwela amasimi endifumanise kuwo eyona ngxaki inkulu malunga nokhula, ngakumbi Ingca Eyinqoboka Etyheli (Yellow Nut Sedge), i-Uintjies kunye no-Monakaladi. 



Ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kokhula okupheleleyo akusayi kukwazi ukuvelisa izityalo ngendlela enika inzuzo nelondolozekayo. Ukhula lutshaba lwakho – ukhula lukhuphisana nezityalo zakho malunga namanzi, izondlo, isithuba kunye nokukhanya. Iindleko zokuvelisa izityalo ziphezulu kangangokuba akunakukwazi ukuvumela ukhula lusebenzise isichumiso osilungiselele ukuba sisetyenziswe sisityalo sakho. 



Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ofanele ukuyikhetha kukunqanda ukhula ukuba lungaze lukhule. Xa wolule ubude bexesha olithathe phambi kokulutshabalalisa kananjalo ngokuya lukhula ukhula phambi kokuba ulubulale, uba mkhulu nawo kangako umonakalo olusukuba luwenze kwisityalo sakho. Impumelelo enkulu yomsebenzi wokulima izityalo ixhomekeke kwimpumelelo yokutshabalalisa ukhula. 



Lwazi ukhula lwakho 

Xa ungalwazi utshaba lwakho, akunakuze ukwazi ukulwa nalo ngempumelelo. Xa ufumana amasimi amatsha ongawaziyo, maxa wambi kunzima ukucingela ngethuba elingaphambili uhlobo lokhula oza kulufumana. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha lokuqala lonyaka ukuyo nayiphi intsimi, uya kulwazi uhlobo lokhula olukhoyo kwaye ufanele ukukwazi ukuluthintela ukuba lungakhuli. Kufuneka wazi ukuba ingaba ukhula olo lolwamagqabi abanzi na okanye amxinwa. Kulungile kakhulu xa uwazi amagama alo lonke ukhula olufumaneke kwintsimi ethile, kuba uya kukwazi ukufumana icebiso ngendlela onokulawula uhlobo ngalunye. 



Yenza isicwangciso sakho sokutshabalalisa ukhula kuselithuba elide phambi kwexesha lonyaka lokutyala

Ukuba uthembele ekulutshabalaliseni ngoomatshini, qiniseka ukuba ngelixa ngalinye lokusebenza (ukulima okwenziwa kuqala okanye okulandeliswayo) kulutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo lonke ukhula. Qaphela ukuba amazinyo esixhobo angenelelana ngokuchanekileyo ukuze ungashiyeleli imicu yokhula. Ukuba intsimi imanzi kakhulu xa uhlakula ngenjongo yokususa ukhula, khumbula ukuba lusenokuphinda luzityale emhlabeni ofumileyo ukuze luphinde luqhube ngokukhula. Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa ziphi izitshabalalisi zokhula kuselithuba elide phambi kokutyala. Kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba isitshizi sakho sikwisimo esilungileyo sokusebenza, sine-PTO yokusebenza ngetrektara, igeyiji yoxinzelelo kunye nemilomo engqinelanayo. 



Fumana icebiso kwiingcaphephe 

Kukho abantu abawucwaba ngenene umsebenzi wokutshabalalisa ukhula kwizityalo. Khumbula ukuba olona hlobo luduru kakhulu lokutshabalalisa ukhula lolona lusebenzayo. Usenokungahlawuli mali, kodwa khumbula ukuba uya kulahlekelwa yingeniso eninzi. 

 

Phambi kokutyala

Isitshabalalisi-lukhula esisebenza ngokubanzi nesingakhethiyo sinokusetyenziswa (esinjengeRoundup okanye iGramoxone), okanye intsimi inokucocwa ngoomatshini. Khumbula ukuba xa sithetha ngesitshabalalisi-lukhula esingakhethiyo, sitsho eso sibulala yonke into esisityalo entsimini. Qaphela kangangoko ukuba xa usebenzisa ezi zitshabalalisi zokhula, uthi wakutshiza ngazo, akusekho nto unokuyisebenzisa emva koko yokususa umchiza lowo. 



Emva kokutyala

Emva kokutyala, kusenokusetyenziswa isitshabalalisi sokhula saphambi kokuhluma esibhaliselwe ngokungqalileyo ukutshatyalaliswa olo hlobo lokhula kolo hlobo lwesityalo. Ingca eyinqoboka isenokuba yingxaki enkulu kwaye akululanga ukuyitshabalalisa. Ngethamsanqa, ingca eyiNqoboka eTyheli inako ukutshatyalaliswa ngempumelelo emboneni nasemazimbeni ngokusebenzisa i- Servian (imveliso ekuluhlu lwe-Syngenta). Kwiiveki zokuqala ezintandathu zobomi bezityalo lolona hlobo lubalulekileyo lokutshabalalisa ukhula – ukhutshiswano olunikwa lukhula kumabakala okuqala luneempembelelo ezimbi kakhulu kwisivuno sasekugqibeleni.



Ixesha lokufaka izitshabalalisi zokhula

Ukhula malutshatyalaliswe luselula, lusakhula ngokukhawuleza kananjalo phambi kokuba lumilisele imbewu. Emva kokuba ukhula lumilisele imbewu, luya kuntshula luze lubange iingxaki ezimandundu. Ukhutshiswano olunikwa lukhula luchaphazela isivuno sesityalo. Ngethuba lefusi, nalapho amasimi mawagcinwe engenalukhula. Imbewu yokhula iyakwazi ukugqwesa emhlabeni kumathuba amade ukuze intshule xa iimeko zilungile.



Ukutshatyalalisa kokhula ngemichiza

Ziliqela izinto eziluncedo malunga nokutshabalalisa ukhula ngemichiza.

Isebenza ngokukhawuleza – msinyane kakhulu kunokusebenzisa oomatshini. 

Xa intsimi imanzi, itrektara etsala isitshizi inokufikelela entsimini kuselithuba elide phambi itrektara etsala isixhobo sokulima ifike. 

Unako ukutshabalalisa ukhula phambi kokuba luhlume ukuze ukhusele naluphi ukhutshiswano. 

Isitshizi sinako ukufikelela kulo lonke ukhula silubulale lonke, kanti ukhula olukwimiqolo yesityalo lukholisa ukushiyeka lungaphazamisekanga emva kokuhlakula. 

Njengesenzo sokucutha umsebenzi – kwiindawo ezininzi zaseMzantsi Afrika, ukususa ukhula kwenziwa ngesandla. Lowo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Enye ingxaki esinayo kukuba ixesha lethu lonyaka elibi malunga nokhula leleKrisimesi neloNyaka Omtsha, xesha elo abantu bangazimiselanga kusebenza ngalo. Xa sekugqithe iiholide, ukhula lufumaneka selungasalawuleki kwaye selwenze umonakalo. 



Masisebenze kunye ekwenzeni ukuba u-2010 ube “Ngunyaka ongenalukhula” Xa sijolise kulo mba mnye, ndiqinisekile ukuba siya kuphumelela. 

