Imali (Umbona) 								IsiXhosa





Ubucukubhede bokuboleka imali yomsebenzi wokufama 



Imiyalelo: 

Folio strap: Ulawulo Lomsebenzi Woshishino

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA Yophuhliso Lwamafama



UShakespeare wakha wathi, “Makungabikho mboleki nambolekisi, kuba ityala lizilahla ngokwalo lilahle nabahlobo”. Eli licebiso elilungileyo ekungekho bani onokuzisola ngalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungumlimi wanamhla, mhlawumbi kungafuneka ukuba uboleke imali ukuze ungene emsebenzini wokukhupha imveliso. 



Phofu kutheni abalimi kufuneka beboleke imali? 

Nokuba ungumnini womhlaba okanye akunjalo, okanye mhlawumbi unomhlaba nje owuqeshileyo okhuselekileyo, umsebenzi wokufama lishishini kwaye uya kufuna imali yokuliqhuba. Kananjalo akukhathaliseki ukuba ufikelele njani emhlabeni. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube ngumamkeli wokwabiwa ngokutsha komhlaba, okanye wohlaziyo lwemibandela yomhlaba, okanye mhlawumbi usebenzise imali yakho xa uthenga umhlaba, mali leyo oyifumene kwamanye amashishini – kodwa imali yona iyafuneka ukuze wenze umsebenzi wokufama. 



Umhlaba uduru, kanti abantu badla ngokuzibuza ukuba ingaba imali yokuthenga umhlaba baza kuyifumana njani. Ngelishwa, umhlaba yinxalenye nje yeli shishini. Ukuba ufuna nokufuya, kuya kufuneka ukuba uthenge imfuyo (mhlawumbi iinkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe, iihagu okanye iinkuku). Ukuba uza kuba ngumlimi wezityalo nokuba yimifuno, kufuneka uthenge iitrektara nezixhobo ukuze ukwazi ukulima umhlaba. Oku akuphelelanga apho, kusafuneka uthenge amagalelo emveliso (imbewu, isichumiso, imichiza, i-diesel njl.njl.). Asiyonto ingaqhelekanga ukwenza utyalo-mali lwamagalelo noomatshini oluneendleko ezingaphezu kwezomhlaba. 



Siqhutywa njani isigqibo? 

Ukuboleka imali lishishini – ukhona umntu owenze imali, afuna ukuyityala ukuze afumane imbuyekezo kwimali eyinkunzi. Ngamanye amazwi, umnini wemali ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba akazi kulahlekelwa yimali yakhe kwaye emva kwethuba lemali-mboleko, uya kuyibuyiselwa imali yakhe abebolekise ngayo. Konke oku kubandakanya umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yimali, ngokuba liba phezulu ixabiso olihlawulele ukuboleka imali, okanye masithi iya kuya ngokuba phezulu inzala oya kuyihlawula kuloo mali. 



Kwiziganeko ezininzi, xa uboleka imali, kufuneka unike ukhuseleko oluthile lwaloo mali-mboleko. Oku kwenzelwa ukuba xa ungakwazi ukuhlawula imali-mboleko, umbolekisi akwazi ukuthengisa loo nto unayo oyinikele njengokhuselo lokubuyisa imali yakhe. 



Umthetho Omiselweyo Wesizwe Malunga Namatyala

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abantu bebeboleka imali kwiziko elinye ukuze bathi xa bengakwzi kuyibuyisa loo-mali-mboleko, baye kwelinye iziko bayiboleke apho imali. Abantu babenganyanzelwa ukuba batyhile zonke iimali-mboleko zabo. Umthetho Omiselweyo Wesizwe Malunga Namatyala uyiguqule yonke loo nto, kuba kaloku iziko elibolekisayo lisenokutyholwa “ngokubolekisa okungalawulwayo” xa linokubolekisa emntwini ongenakukwazi ukubuyisa imali yetyala. Isiseko seenkcukacha siyafumaneka ngazo zonke iimali-mboleko, kwaye naxa umlimi engawatyhili onke amatyala akhe (nto leyo afanele ukuyenza), iziko elibolekisayo linako ukulufumana ulwazi malunga nomlimi, lize lingasamkeli isicelo semali-mboleko entsha. 



Abalimi bakholisa ukukhathazeka xa izicelo zabo zemali-mboleko zikhatyiwe, nangona kunjalo, xa umntu engenakukwazi ukubuyisa iimali azibolekiyo ekugqibeleni uya kubhengezwa njengomntu ongakwaziyo ukuhlawula amatyala kanti kuya kulandela izinto ezimbini. Iziko elibolekisa ngemali liya kulahlekelwa yimali, uze wena ufumane igama elibi kwiingxelo zamatyala, oko ke kuya kukuthintela ukuba ungaze ukwazi ukubolekisa ngemali kwixesha elizayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba nayiphi imali ebolekiweyo ifanele ukubuyiswa – iimali-mboleko ziimali-mboleko asizo zipho okanye iimali zobonelelo. 



Kutheni abalimi abatsha bokutya okuziinkozo betsala nzima ukufumana iimali-mboleko? 

Iliqela imibandela ephembelela ukuba kube lula ukuboleka imali: 



Isakhono sokubuyisa intlawulo ngokweemfunekozakho zomqukuqelo wemali esesandleni. Umntu okuboleke imali ufuna ukwazi ukuba ekupheleni kwexesha enivumelene ngalo uya kuba nayo imali yokuhlawula ityala. Xa sizekelisa ngokulinywa kwezityalo, ukulima isityalo esiyingqolowa, kuya kufuneka ukuba utyale imali amalunga ne-R5 000 ngehektare nganye. Ngexabiso langoku lengqolowa, (kwixesha elidlulileyo lonyaka, abalimi abafikelelanga kwiR2 000 ngetoni nganye), kuya kufuneka ukuba ufumane isivuno esiyi-2, 5 iitoni/iihektare ukuze ulungelelanise. Khumbula ukuba isivuno esiqheleke kwithuba elide kwiindawo ezininzi inganeno kwiitoni/kwiihektare ezi-2. Ukuba umlimi ufuna ukuboleka imali yokulima ingqolowa, umbolekisi uya kujonga kwizivuno zethuba elide, ixabiso elilindelekileyo lengqolowa, nakwiindleko zokuvelisa isityalo. Kweli banga, akukho mntu othakazelela ukubolekisa ngemali kubalimi abalima ingqolowa – kanti oku kwenzeka ngesizathu esilungileyo. Umsebenzi wokuvelisa ingqolowa akunanzuzo. 

Iimbuyekezo eziphantsi kwimali etyaliweyo yokuqalisa ishishini. Kwixesha langoku ishishini lengqolowa likwimo yonxunguphalo, kodwa kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwe ukuba xa kuthethwa gabalala, inzuzo efumaneka kwimveliso yokutya okuziinkozo iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Kukho intsalela phantse yemveliso nganye, egcina amaxabiso ephantsi, neendleko zemveliso ziphantsi ngokugqithiseleyo. Umsebenzi uphelele awunanzuzo kakuhle. Kwiziganeko ezilolo hlobo, iziko ezibolekisayo alikuthakazeleli kakhulu ukubolekisa ngemali njengoko umboleki engenakukwazi ukubuyisela umbokekisi imali entle kwimali etyalwe xa kuqalisa ishishini. 

Amava omlimi. Xa uqalisa ishishini okanye umsebenzi owuqeqeshelweyo, akunamava kwaye kulula ukwenza iimpazamo. Kuba njalo kubalimi abasaphuhlayo – abanaminyaka yamava nendima eqinisekisiweyo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuboleka imali. 

Ukhuselo lwemali-mboleko. Njengoko sekukhankanyiwe, umbolekisi ufuna ukwazi ukuba xa usilela ekuhlawuleni imali-mboleko angakwazi ukuthengisa izinto zexabiso ukuze babuyelwe yimali yabo. Kwiziganeko ezininzi, umlimi akakwazi ukunikela ngomhlaba njengokhuselo (lowo ngumgaqo wecandelo lokurhweba). Abalimi abaninzi abanamhlaba ongowabo (njengoko kunjalo kumhlaba odityanelweyo nomhlaba oqeshiweyo), okanye umlimi usenokuba nesibophelelo sokuqala esibhaliswe kuloo mpahla sokukhusela ukuthenga kwakhe impahla leyo. Xa umlimi engakwazi kunika ukhuselo, umbolekisi usenokwala ukumboleka imali, njengoko esoyika ukuba kungenzeka alahlekelwe lutyalo-mali lwakhe. 



Abalimi baphumelela njani kwinyaniso yokuba kufuneka ukuba banike ukhuselo ukuze bafumane ityala lemveliso? 

Utyalo-mali olufuneka xa kulinywa isityalo imalunga ne-R4 500 ngehektare nganye (iindleko ezisisiqhelo ngeenjongo zale ngxoxo). Ukuba umlimi kufuneka elime i-100 yeehektare, kufuneka eboleke ama-R450 000. Le yimali eninzi kakhulu. 



Xa sicingela ukuba umlimi unomhlaba olungileyo, kwindawo yemvula ephezulu, apho isivuno ekubhekiselelwe kuso siphezulu, nalapho amaxabiso esityalo enza ukuba kubekho inzuzo efumanekayo ngesityalo eso, umlimi angazidibanisa nebhanki yezemihlaba, okanye ibhanki yezorhwebo, okanye ishishini lezolimo, okanye imbumba yemali-mboleko yemveliso. 



Sicingela ukuba umlimi akanakukwazi ukunikela ngomhlaba wakhe njengokhuselo lwemali-mboleko kufuneke ke ukuba eze nolunye uhlobo lokhuselo. Kulapho kungena khona i-inshorensi yegalelo. I-inshorensi yegalelo yenzelwe ukukhusela “izenzo zikaThixo” ingezizo izenzo zokulima okusilelayo. Ngamanye amazwi, umlimi ufanele ukuthobela izenzo ezifanelekileyo zokulima imveliso, kwaye abe nesivuno esamkelekileyo esiqheleke kwithuba elide ukuze abenemfanelo ye-inshorensi. Iqumrhu le-inshorensi lilandela ngoqwalaselo inkqubela-phambili yomlimi ukususela ekuqaleni, kanti lisenokwala ukukhusela isityalo nangeliphi ibakala – bajonga uhlobo lomhlaba nobunzulu bawo, uhlalutyo lwesampulu yomhlaba, inkqubo yokutyala, ukukhethwa kwesityalo esingumhlanganisela, ukufakwa kwesichumiso, ingxelo yemo yonxunguphalo, ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula nezibulali-zityalo, kanti ke ngaphandle kokuba zonke ezi zinto zihamba ngokwemimiselo yab, abanakuvuma ukunika isityalo ukhuselo lwe-inshorensi.



“Izenzo zikaThixo” umlimi azinikelwa ukhuselo, ukuba i-inshorensi yamkelekile, zinokubandakanya imbalela, iqabaka, izikhukula, isichotho kunye nomlilo. Khumbula, abaluniki ukhuselo lweendlela zokulima ezisilelayo. Ukuba ufumene ukusilela kwesityalo ngenxa yempazamo yakho, akusayi kufumana khuselo lwe-inshorensi. 



Ukuba ufumene isamkelo seinshorensi yegalelo, iqumrhu linika isiqinisekiso seetoni ezithile okanye ingeniso (kukho imigaqo-nkqubo eyahluka-hlukileyo esebenza ngokwahluka-hlukileyo kancinci). Nangona kunjalo, i-inshorensi ikhusela kuphela ama-60-65% exabiso eliphantsi kwe-inshorensi. Masithi umzekelo isivuno sakho esiqheleke kwithuba elide kwindawo yombona eziitoni ezi-4/iihektare, enokuba nexabiso le-R1 500 ngetoni nganye (yiloo nto ixabiso eliphantsi kokhuselo liyi-R6 000 ngehektare), i-inshorensi iya kuqinisekisa ama-60% elo xabiso, eliyi-R3 600 ngehektare. Ngoku uya kukhumbula ukuba sithe iindleko zemveliso ziya kuba malunga ne-R4 500 ngehektare nganye. Ngamanye amazwi, uya kufumana ukhuselo lwe-inshorensi olunganeno kwiindleko zemveliso. Ukuba ubuliziko elibolekisa ngemali, ubungenakukuthakazelela ukubolekisa ngemali kumlimi, ube usazi ukuba xa kunokubakho isenzo sikaThixo umlimi lowo ebengenakukwazi ukubuyisa imali-mboleko –nangaphandle kokuba ene-inshorensi yegalelo. Enye into emayikhunjulwe kukuba i-inshorensi yegalelo iduru – kunyaka ophelileyo, abalimi abaphuhlayo kwiFree State eseMpuma ababetyale ingqolowa kuye kwafuneka ukuba bahlawule ngaphezu kwama-R850 ngehektare nganye nge-inshorensi yabo yegalelo. 



Ngawaphi amaziko abolekisayo afumaneka kubalimi abatsha ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo/imfuyo? 

Njengoko kunokubonwa kwingxoxo engasentla, ukubolekisa ngemali ngumngcipheko kwaye mininzi imibandela ekufuneka iqwalaselwe phambi kokufaka isicelo semali-mboleko. Kukho amaziko aya kubolekisa ngemali, xa enikwa isiqinisekiso sokuba imali yawo iya kubuyiswa. Yinto enokwenzeka ukuba abalimi bafake izicelo zemali-mboleko kwibhanki yezomhlaba, kumashishini ezolimo (Senwes, OVK, NWK, MGK, GWK), kwiimbumba zezolimo (VKB), kwiibhanki zezorhwebo, kumaziko ophuhliso (Mpumalanga Agricultural Development Corporation –MADC, Uvimba Bank eMpuma-Koloni) njl.njl. Iziko elibolekisa ngemali alinyanzelekanga ukukuboleka imali – onke anemiqathango yawo nemigaqo-nkqubo yokubolekisa. Unako ukuzidibanisa nale mibutho ngenjongo yokufumana iimfuneko zayo. 



Kwenzeka ntoni xa abalimi beshiye ityala?

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yenzuzo emsebenzini wokufama ephantsi koxinzelelo, kukholisa ukwenzeka ukuba abalimi basebenze unyaka wonke, bavelise isityalo abasithengisayo, kodwa ekupheleni kwexesha lonyaka, bangakwazi ukufumana imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula imali-mboleko yemveliso. Le yimeko eyenzakalisayo kuba ithetha ukuba umlimi usebenzele into engekhoyo unyaka wonke, kwaye okunokwenzeka kukuba angakwazi ukulima isityalo esilandelayo. Nangona ukulima isityalo esilandelayo kunokuba yiyo kuphela indlela yokubuyisa ityala elingahlawulekiyo kwisityalo sethuba elidlulileyo, amaziko abolekisayo kufuneka aqaphele ukuba bangazifumani benetyala lokubolekisa ngaphandle kwengqiqo. 



Lithini icebiso esinokulinika abalimi malunga nokuboleka imali? 

Yenza izibalo zakho ngokuqaphela okukhulu;

Musa ukuziqikelela ngaphantsi iindleko zemveliso;

Musa ukwenza ingqikelelo engaphezu kwesivuno esinokufumaneka;

Musa ukwenza ingqikelelo engaphezu kwexabiso elinokubakho ngetoni nganye;

Lima imihlaba yakho eyiyona ibalaseleyo;

Khetha isityalo esinomngcipheko ongowona uphantsi wokusilela;

Fumana icebiso elilungileyo;

Yenza konke kakuhle kakhulu;

Lima iihektare ezimbalwa kwaye uzilime kakuhle kangangoko – musa ukuzikrwitsha wena nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali yakho;

Ukuba ungumntu osaqalayo, qalisa kancinci wandule ukukhulisa ishishini lakho ungangxamanga (cutha umngcipheko wakho); 

Thenga amagalelo odidi olufanelekileyo kwindawo ezaziwa ngegama elihle;

Thenga ngamaxabiso angawona aphantsi anokubakho kodwa ungalibali ukuqaphela umgangatho;

Thengisa isityalo sakho ngelona xabiso liphezulu linokuba khona; kwaye

Qinisekisa ukuba wenza konke ithuba liselihle – musa ukurhoxisela izinto kumzuzu wokugqibela. 



Njengomlimi, uxabiseke kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika – yiba nebhongo lokuba abalimi ngabo abondla nabanxibisa ihlabathi! 

