February										IsiXhosa
UFebruwari – inyanga yokuqwalasela ixesha lehlobo
Imiyalelo:
Folio strap: Umsebenzi wemveliso
Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama
Isiphithiphithi sokusebenza esenzeka ngexesha ngalinye lehlobo lokutyala izityalo sifanele ukuba siyetha kwaye umlimi uyakwazi ngoku ukujonga emva kwizityalo ezimi entsimini. Kukho ithemba lokuba amanani ezityalo anele, nelokuba ibala lezityalo lelo linqwenelekayo eliluhlaza okunzulu, nokuba akukho lukhula olukhuphisana nezityalo – ngokufutshane, konke kukhangeleka kuza kunika inyhikityha yesivuno. 
Nangona kunjalo, kaninzi kufumaniseka ukuba asiyo yonke into ehamba ngokwesicwangciso kwaye izityalo ezisentsimini azilunganga ngendlela ebekulindeleke ngayo. Eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuphanda ngezinto ezinokuba azihambanga kakuhle. 
Amanani ezityalo – ingaba abaluleke ngenene? 
Xa etyala izityalo, umlimi makabe selenesicwangciso malunga namanani athile ezityalo anokufumaneka. Isityalo ngasinye sinesakhono esithile sokuvelisa iinkozo – imibandela ecutha isivuno bubukho bamanzi omhlaba, izondlo, ukukhanya nokufudumala. Inani lezityalo elinokufumana inkxaso ngendawo nganye yentsimi lixhomekeke, ubukhulu becala, kwisixa esikhoyo samanzi omhlaba. Amanani ezityalo ngendawo nganye abaluleke ngaphezu kobubanzi obuthile bemiqolo njengoko izityalo zikwazi ukufumana indawo ukufikelela kwiqondo elithile. Ububanzi bemiqolo phantsi kweemeko zomhlaba owomileyo bahluka ukusuka ku 0,9 m, ukuya ku 2,1 m okanye ku 2,3 m oko kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswayo nakwisixokelelwano sohlobo lokuhlakula esisetyenziswayo. Imiqolo enobubanzi obukhulu icetyiswa apho isivuno ekujoliswe kuso siphantsi, amanani ezityalo anqwenelekayo ephantsi, imvula iphantsi, apho kukho khona iingxaki malunga nokhukuliseko lomoya nalapho ukhula oluphakathi kwemiqolo luza kutshatyalaliswa ngoomatshini.
Ububanzi obucuthekileyo phakathi kwemiqolo bucetyiswa apho isivuno ekujoliswe kuso siphezulu, apho imvula ininzi khona, apho kukho ithambeka entsimini nalapho ukhula luya kutshatyalaliswa ngemichiza (akunakwenzeka ukutshabalalisa ukhula ngoomatshini kwimiqolo esondelelene kakhulu njengoko kungasayi kubakho sithuba sokuba itrektara ihambe phakathi kwemiqolo). 
Isivuno ekujoliswe kuso sinendima ebalulekileyo ekufumaniseni amanani ezityalo afunekayo. Amanani ezityalo aphantsi kakhulu acutha isakhono sesivuno kanti amanani aphezulu kakhulu akhokelela kuxinzelelo olwandileyo kwisityalo nto leyo nayo ecutha isivuno. Izityalo ezityalwe ngokusondelana zikholisa ukuba nomngcipheko owandileyo wezifo (njengokubola kwesikhondo) kanti nokuxinaniseka kuxhaphaka ngakumbi. 
Indawo nganye nomhlanganisela ngamnye unamanani ezityalo acetyiswayo. Ukuba akufikelelwa kumanani anqwenelekayo, sisuka sichaphazeleke kakubi isakhono sesivuno (ngokufutshane, akusayi kubakho zityalo zaneleyo ezinika isixa esinqwenelekayo seenkozo). 
Abangwa yintoni amanani angaphucukanga ezityalo? 
Iliqela imibandela enokubangela amanani angaphucukanga ezityalo kwaye ezo zizathu zinxulumene namabakala ahluka-hlukileyo kuphuhliso lwesityalo. 
Ukuntshula okungaphucukanga
Ukuntshula okungaphucukanga ngomnye woonobangela abakhulu besimo esingaphucukanga sasekugqibeleni. Ziliqela izizathu zokuntshula okungaphucukanga:
Imilinganiselo yamaqondo esixhobo sokutyala isenokuba ibingachanekanga nto leyo ebangele imbewu embalwa kakhulu ethe yatyalwa entsimini. 
Ubukhulu bembewu busenokuba bobungachanekanga ngokunxulumene neepleyiti zesixhobo sokutyala esisetyenzisiweyo. 
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba imbewu ibincinci kakhulu ngokunxulumene nesixhobo sokutyala, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iinkozwana zembewu ezimbini zizame ukungena emngxunyeni ngaxeshanye – zixinge kungabikho nto etyaliweyo. 
Ukusebenza “kwesipoqisi” esikwisixhobo sokutyala sisenokuba nemposiso size siqobe imbewu edlulayo. 
Kwizixhobo zomoya zokutyala, indawo elikhamte isenokungabi namandla aneleyo okubamba imbewu kwindawo echanekileyo de ityaleke.
Ngokubanzi ulondolozo olungagqibelelanga lwesixhobo sokutyala lubanga iingxaki ezimbalwa ezahluka-hlukileyo zokusebenza kukamatshini ezenza ukuba ibe mbalwa kakhulu okanye yaphuke imbewu etyalwayo. 
Udidi lwembewu lusenokuba aluphucukanga – yimbewu endala, okanye yimbewu enesifo enepesenti yokuntshula engaphucukanga. 
Phantsi kweemeko zemvula eninzi kakhulu, isithole esintshulayo sisenokungafumani mongomoya (oksijini) owaneleyo emhlabeni.
Phantsi kweemeko zokubalela okukhulu, imbewu isenokungafikeleli ngokwaneleyo ekufumeni komhlaba okunokubanga ukuntshula. 
Sakuba sityaliwe isityalo, imvula enkulu isenokwenza ukuba umhlaba undindane ukuze kuphuhle ukhoko oluqinileyo oluthintela izithole ukuba zingahlumi. 
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba bekukho imichiza eyintsalela emhlabeni ebulala isityalo esintshulayo. 
Kwixesha lokutyala elifika kwangoko, imbewu isenokuba ityalwe xa ubushushu bomhlaba bebusephantsi kakhulu bungakwazi kuvumela ukwenzeka kokuntshula. 
Imbewu isenokuba ityalwe nzulu kakhulu nto leyo eyenza ukuba isityalo singakwazi ukuhluma. 
Izinambuzane, iintaka okanye izilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo kunokwenzeka ukuba zitye imbewu ingekantshuli.
Ukulahleka kwezityalo ezincinci (izithole)
Enye yeengxaki ezixhaphake kakhulu emva kokuntshula kukonakaliswa zizinambuzane – ngakumbi imibungu esikayo esitya sonke isityalo apha ngaphezulu. 
Iintaka zingazitya ziphele izithole ezincinci (nangona oku kungafane kube yingxaki enkulu). 
Phantsi kweemeko zokubalela, zesanti, zokuvuthuza komoya (ukhukuliseko lomoya) izithole zisenokugqumeka zisazama ukuhluma.
Isichotho sinokwenza umonakalo kwizithole. 
Ubushushu obugqithisileyo (umsinga womoya oshushu) unokuzomisa khonkqo izithole. 
Iqabaka ekuqaleni kweli xesha lonyaka isenokuzibulala izithole. 
Kwiziganeko ezithile, njengoko kunjalo ngokunxulumene noojongilanga, sisiqhelo ukusebenzisa ierhe ekuqhekezeni ukhoko oluphezulu olusenokuba luphuhle ngenxa yemvula entsimini elinyiweyo Ierhe inako ukonakalisa izithole. 
Ukulahleka kwezityalo kwibanga lexesha elilandelayo
Ukutyisa impahla kuyingxaki enkulu kwiindawo ezininzi. 
Ukutshabalalisa ukhula ngoomatshini kukholisa ukubanga umonakalo kwizityalo – ukuba izikere zesikofolo azimiswanga kakuhle, ukuba umqhubi akawuthatheli ngqalelo ngokwaneleyo umsebenzi awenzayo (ukuba umsebenzi wokutyala awenziwanga kakuhle kwaye nemiqolo ayilungelelananga ngokunjalo ayithanga tye, ukulima kuba yingxaki kude konakale nezityalo).
Izifo zisenokubanga iilahleko kwizityalo. 
Ukhutshiswano olwenziwa lukhula olunobuzaza lunokubanga iilahleko zezityalo. 
Yintoni isisombululo samanani angaphucukanga ezityalo? 
Ukuba ixesha liyavuma, isityalo sisenokuphinda sityalwe (nangona oku ngokuqinisekileyo kubanga iziphumo ezixhalabisayo malunga neendleko). 
Xa kukho umqolo omnye ongekhoyo (ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesixhobo sokutyala) lo mqolo unokutyalwa kwangoko emva kokufunyaniswa kwengxaki. 
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba oonobangela bamanani angaphucukanga ezityalo bachongwe ukuze basonjululwe bangaphindi bazibonakalise kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo. 
