I-HIV intsholongwane ebanga i-AIDS. I-HIV ifumaneka egazini nakwezinye izinto ezimanzi emzimbeni (ngakumbi amadlozi, ubumanzi belungu langasese lebhinqa, nobisi lwamabele) lwabantu abosulelwe yintsholongwane.
I-AIDS yimeko eyenzeka xa ukosuleleka yi-HIV sele kwenzeke kakhulu. Yenzeka xa amandla okulwa izifo ephelile ngenxa yokosuleleka yi-HIV, into eyenza umzimba ungakwazi ukulwa okunye ukosuleleka nezifo. I-AIDS ayikokugula okunye, kodwa ligama elinikwa ukugula okuninzi abanokuba nako abantu (ezifana neTB nenyumoniya).
Ingaba umntu uyifumana kanjani na iHIV?
Ukosulelwa yiHIV kusasazeka egazini nakwezinye izinto ezimanzi (ngakumbi amadlozi, ubumanzi belungu langasese lebhinqa nobisi lwamabele) lwabantu abasulelekileyo. Awungeze umbone umntu one-HIV nje ngokumjonga. Inokosulela abanye:
ngokuhlangana ngesondo (ngakumbi ukulalana esifazaneni okanye empundu ungazikhuselanga) Ungosuleleka ngokulalana emlonyeni, kodwa noko awukho semngciphekweni kakhulu:
ngegazi nangobunye ubumanzi bomzimba:
ukusebenzisa iinaliti ezinye, IV iziyobisi, kunye neparaphernalia;
ukufakwa igazi elosulelekileyo okanye iimveliso zegazi kunye/okanye ukufakelwa ilungu lomzimba elosulelekileyo;
ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlaba ufele (iinaliti, izarinji, ireyisara, iinaliti zokuhombisa ukuzimba, okanye izixhobo zokwaluka);
ukwenzakala ngenxa yeenaliti ezimdaka okanye ezinye izinto ezibukhali;
ukuchatshazelwa ligazi elosulelekileyo okanye ubumanzi bomzimba kwiindawo ezinomkhunyu(ezifana namehlo);
ngokudluliselwa ngumama elusaneni ngexesha lokumitha, lokuzala, okanye lokuncancisa.
Yokuhlala kunye nje okanye ukudibana;
Yokuphathwa;
Yokutya kunye, yezitya, okanye amacephe okutya
Yokugonwa;
Ukuxhawulana;
Yokulunywa zizinambuzane;
Ukuphulula omnye umntu;
Yeenyembezi, amathe nombilo;
Indlela yokuziphatha ngendlela ethile kubeka abantu emngciphekweni wokosulelwa yiHIV. Izinto ezingundoqo ekosulelweni yiHIV zibandakanya ukuziphatha neemeko ezifana nezi:
Ukulalana ungazikhuselanga;
Ukulala nabantu abangaphezulu kwesinye okanye neqabane elinamaqabane angaphezulu okanye obe elala namaqabane angaphezulu kwesinye okanye osebenzisa okanye obe esebenzisa iziyobisi iv;
Ukuthiwa igazi okanye unyango olunegazi elosulelweyo okanye izinto zegazi;
Ukwenziwa umvambo okanye ukugqojozwa ngezixhobo ezithwele isifo nezinto;
Ukuba nomsebenzi (ofana nokuba ngunompilo) ekubeka esichengeni segazi okanye olunye ulwelo bomzimba.
Ukuba nesifo esosulelwa ngokulalana nako kuyawandisa umngcipheko wokosulela okanye wokufumana iHIV. Umzekelo, ezi zifo ezenza izilonda zenza indawo yokungena yentsholongwane egazini nasemzimbeni.
Sebenzisa iikhondom zamadoda okanye ezabafazi kunye nohlobo lokuthintela olukhethayo;
Linciphise inani labantu olala nabo;
Lumkela ukubolekisana ngeenaliti, iv iziyobisi kunye neparaphernalia;
Musa ukulala nabantu abaziphethe ngendlela esemngciphekweni;
Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlaba umzimba ezingabulawanga izifo;
Abasebenzi bezempilo mabaziqhelise inkqubo emiselweyo yokuzikhusela ngawo onke amaxesha.
Kuwo onke amaqela abantu abadala bekukho abafazi abaninzi kunamadoda abaphila neHIV/AIDS. Oku kungqinelana kwezini kulusizi phakathi kolutsha oluminyaka ingama 15-24 apho bekukho malunga nabafazi abane ngendoda nganye eyosulelweyo.
Kutheni abafazi besengozini nje?
Abafazi basemngciphekweni ngenxa:
Izizathu ngokwakheka komzimba - abafazi bakhiwe ngendlela ebabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yiHIV kunamadoda ngenxa yokulala nabesinye isini. Ukungalingani ngokwesini kwandisa ukuba lixhoba lokosulelwa yiiHIV kumadoda nabafazi. Amadoda awakho semngciphekweni kakhulu wokosulelwa njengabafazi kodwa batshatshele ekuyisasazeni kunabafazi. Ukudlwengulwa kuno kwandisa amathuba okuba abafazi namantombazana bosulelwe yiHIV kuba ukudlwengullwa akwenzeki kwimeko apho kusetyenziswa ikhondom. Ubundlobongela bokudlwengulwa kwenza umngcipheko ophezulu wokwenzakala kumalungu esini nokopha (loo nto isandisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka yiHIV). Kanti kwimeko yokudlwengulwa liqela labantu ukuhlangana nabantu abaninzi nako kuyawandisa amathuba omngcipheko wokosuleleka.
Izizathu zoQoqosho - esinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo ngokwanda kokwasuleleka yiHIV phakthi kwabafazi yindima esezantsi enikwa abafazi kusapho nakubomi boluntu. Ukuxhomekeka kwabafazi emadodeni kwezoqoqosho, okubandakanya umgangatho ophezulu wobuhlwempu babo nokungabi nakufikelela kumathuba nezinto ezithile, kunegalelo ekubeni babe ngamaxhoba okosulelwa yiHIV/AIDS. Isizathu soku kukuba amadoda anokurhoxisa inkxaso yemali ukuba umfazi uyala ukwenza into abayithandayo. Abafazi abangamahlwempu asemngciphekweni kunezinye iindidi zabafazi ngenxa yokungabi namandla kwezoqoqosho.
Izizathu ngokwasekuhlaleni - isini sinyenwe njengeyona nto enegalelo elikhulu kobu buninzi beHIV/AIDS kwaye iyagxekwa ngoku kuphakama kweqondo leHIV/AIDS kummandla osezantsi kweSahara e-Afrika . Amadoda athandana nabantu abaninzi athathwa njengesithethe ekuhlaleni nawo anegalelo ekusasazeni iHIV/AIDS. Abafazi basemngciphekweni wokosulelwa ngamadoda abo kuba abanamandla wokucebisa ukulalana nabo bekhuselekile kwaye basemngciphekweni wokosulelwa ngodlwengulo. Ukudlakazeliswa kwabafazi eMzantsi Afrika kuyenyuka kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba nanini na kwimizuzwana engama-83 kukho umfazi odlwengulwayo. Nakuba abantu abadlwengulweyo kudala bebesemngciphekweni nemeko yokuba umntu angakhulelwa okanye afumane izifo zokulala ezosulelayo ngoku bakwasemngciphekweni wokosulelwa yiHIV/AIDS. Umahluko kwindlela abakhuliswa abafazi namantombazana kwenza bangakwazi ukulawula imeko yabo yokulala. Loo nto yenze babe ngamaxhoba odlakazeliso ngowesini nokunyanzelwa ngokulala.
Umfazi kanjalo akanakunyanzelwa ukuba akhuphe isisu kuba ene-HIV. Umfazi akadingi ukuvunyelwa yindoda yakhe ukuze akhuphe isisu. Intombazana engaphantsi kweminyaka eli 18 ingasikhupha isisu ngaphandle kokukuvuma okanye ukwazi kwabazali bakhe.Umfazi one-HIV/AIDS kanjalo akanakunyanzelwa ukuba atshitshiswe angazali xa engafuni.
Ii-Anti-retrovirals ezinikwa oomama abakhulelweyo phambi kokuba bazale abaneHIV ziyawunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka kosana (ukosulelwa komntwana ngumama) inkundla yoMgaqo-siseko igwebe ukuba urhulumente wesizwe makenze kubelula ukuba bonke oomama abakhulelweyo bakwazi ukufikelela kumachiza aya kuthintela ukosulelwa komntwana ngumama nge-HIV.
Kucingwa ukuba indima ngokwezini nesimo sentlalo zibeka abafazi emngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yiHIV/AIDS ngamaqabane abo.
I-HIV/AIDS inegalelo elohlukileyo nelilusizi ebafazini kunasemadodeni ngenxa yokungalingani ngokwesini. Isini sinokuthathwa njengento yasekuhlaleni yesimo sentlalo esahlula abafazi kumadoda kwaye ilawula indlela abafazi namadoda abanxibelelana ngayo. Ezi ndima neemeko ezilindelekileyo ziyafundwa kwaye zinokutshintsha emva kwexesha kwaye zahluke ngokwesimo zentlalo ezahlukileyo. Isini sixhomekeke kwisimo sentlalo kwaye kukho umahluko kwizinto abafazi namadoda abazenzayo okanye abangenakuzenza kwesinye isimo sentlalo xa kuthelekiswa nesinye.
Imithetho yamasiko nezithethe eMzantsi Afrika amaxesha amaninzi zivela kootata kwaye zinocalucalulo ebafazini. Ngenxa yoku, abafazi basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV kuba abanamandla oqoqosho nasekuhlaleni njengamadoda ngoko ke kunzima ebafazini ukuzikhusela ekubeni bosulelwe yi-HIV.
Ukudlwengulwa nokudlakazeliswa kwabafazi
Ukudlwengula kusetyenziswa ngamadoda njengesixhobo sokudlakazelisa abafazi;
Enye intsomi enobungozi eMzantsi Afrika, eqhubela phambili udlwengulo, yeyokuba ukulala nentombi engekalalwa kuya kuyiphilisa i-AIDS. Le nto yenza ukuba iHIV/AIDS iye isanda ngokwanda ngamandla kweli candelo labahlali;
Abadlwenguli nabo bafuna amantombazana amancinane ngenkolo yokuba abalali kakhulu noko ngoko ke abangeze bafane babeneHIV/AIDS.
Ukudlakazeliswa emakhaya kubandakanya ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokwaphulwa umphefumlo. Amaxhoba amaninzi okudlakazeliswa ekhaya ngabafazi nabantwana;
Abafazi abadlakazeliswayo badla ngokungakwazi ukulawula ubuhlobo babo kwaye abakwazi ukunyanzelisa ukulalana nizikhusele. Le nto ibabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV. UMthetho wobuNdlobongela baseKhaya (iDomestic Violence Act) ukhusela abafazi ngokubanika indlela elula yokwenza isicelo sokukhuselwa ukuyekisa indoda yakhe ekumxhaphazeni. Ukudlwengulwa emtshatweni kukulala emtshatweni umfazi yena engakuvumeneli ukulala nawe. Umfazi angammangalela umyeni wakhe ngokumdlwengula ngokwalo Mthetho wobuNdlobongela baseKhaya.
Isikhokelo somthetho nomgaqo-nkqubo
IZIXHOBO ZEHLABATHI ZOKUKHUTHAZA AMALUNGELO ABAFAZI ANXULUMENE NENDLELA ISINI SABO ESITYEKELE NGAKHONA
INKomfa yokuPheliswa kwazo zonke iiNdlela zokuCalucalula abafazi
Isingeniso jikele iNombolo ye- 15 (icandelo lethoba, 1990);
INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yesiNe yeHlabathi yabaFazi (IsiSeko sokuThatha amaNyathelo sase-Beijing)
IZIXHOBO ZOMMANDLA EZIKHUTHAZA AMALUNGELO ABAFAZI NGOKUSINGISELE KWINDLELA ESIBABHEKISA NGAKUYO ISINI SABO
ITshata yaseAfrika yamaLungelo abaNtu noLuntu.
UMmiselo woPhuhliso lweendawo zokuhlala saseMzantsi Afrika malunga neSini noPhuhliso 1997
UMTHETHO WASEMZANTSI AFRIKA NEMICIMBI UBUNI ESIJONGWA NGAYO
UMthetho woMgaqo-siseko waseMzantsi Afrika 108 wowe 1996 (UMGAQO-SISEKO);
