ISIQULATHO
INTSHAYELELO EYENZIWA NGUMLAWULI OYINTLOKO WEENKONZO ZEELWIMI ZESIZWE
ULUHLU LWEZIFINYEZO
IMVELAPHI NOMXHOLO...
UKUCHAZA AMAZIKO OPHANDO NOPHUHLISO LWEELWIMI...
UKUDIBANA NENTSEBENZISWANO...9
UKUNYUSWA KWEELWIMI...10
UKUXHASA UPHANDO OLUNXULUMENE NEELWIMI...11
UKUNYUSA UKUFUNDA NOKUBHALA KWIILWIMI ZESINTU..13
IIMYUZIYAM ZAMAFA NEELWIMI...15
Isandla esifakwa ngamafa omlomo kwezembali...15
UKUFIKELELA KULUNTU...16
Uqeqesho kuncwadi...17
Izifundo ezisisiseko zeelwimi...17
Ukuphakamisa ukuFundwa kweeLwimi zesiNtu...18
ISIGABA SOKUPHUMEZA...19
ISIGABA SOKUQALA ...19
ISIGABA SESIBINI ...20
ISIGABA SESITHATHU (2006 NANGAPHAYA)...20
UHLAHLO-LWABIWO MALI...21
AMANQAKWANA OKUVALA...22
INTSHAYELELO NGUGQIRHA NOMSO MGIJIMA, UMLAWULI OYINTLOKO WENKONZO YEELWIMI YESIZWE
UMzantsi Afrika ujongene nemfanelo yokufumana izisombululo ezifana nemiba yokunyuswa koqoqosho lwabantu bawo, ukupheliswa kwentswela-ngqesho nobuhlwempu. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ke ukuba ulwimi ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ukulungisa le miceli mngeni. Ngaphaya koko kufuneka siqonde ukuba ulwimi lunendima enkulu oluyidlalayo kwimfundo, luqinisekisa ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo nolwazi, kuphuhliso lobuqu kunye nokuzivakalisa kubugcisa benkcubeko.
ISebe lezobuGcisa neNkcubeko likubona ukusekwa kwamaZiko oPhando kunye nokuPhuhlisa iilwimi (Language Research and Development Centres) (LRDCs) njengelinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni lemiba. Ngokwenza njalo, sizama ukujolisa kwezo lwimi bezihlelelekile ngaphambili, sizinika indima ephakathi kuphunyezo lomgaqo-nkqubo weelwimi zethu ezininzi.
Ingqiqo yee-LRDCs ikwathathela ingqalelo yokuba uluntu lweelwimi lunqamleze amaphondo. Ngesi sizathu, ziyakusekwa apho abantu abathetha ezo lwimi bahlala khona. Ukumiswa kwee-LRDCs kumaphondo, kufutshane nabagcini beelwimi zemveli, ikwasisicwangciso-qhinga njengoko sibona ubuqabane nentsebenziswano kwiiprojekithi ezibalulekileyo zeelwimi zisenziwa ukuqhubekisela phambili iilwimi ezininzi kwilizwe lethu.
ULUHLU LWEZIFINYEZO
IMVELAPHI NOMXHOLO
Ngokwesiseko seziphumo zophando, kugqitywe ekubeni ukusekwa kwee-LRDCs yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka ihlolwe ukunika amandla ekuphunyezweni kweNkqubo-sikhokelo soMgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe weeLwimi (National Language Policy Framework) (NLPF). Enye yeenjongo ezingundoqo zamaZiko eeLwimi iya kuba kukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zemveli njengeelwimi zoshishino, zopolitiko, zophando kunye nezikarhulumente kuMzantsi Afrika wonke.
I-DAC inoluvo lokuba utyalo-mali kwezi LRDCs aluyi kunyusa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zemveli kumacandelo ohlukeneyo karhulumente, nakwezopolitiko, njl. njl., kodwa luyakulumeka isiqalo seshishini leelwimi eMzantsi Afrika esiya kuba noncedo kuqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
Kucingelwa ukuba kuyawukwenziwa utyalo-mali olumalunga nama-R2 600 000 kunyaka wokuqala, ama-R2 900 000 kunyaka wesibini, kunye nama-R3 100 000 kunyaka wesithathu ngeZiko. Kwixesha leminyaka emi-3 kuzo zonke ii- LRDCs utyalo-mali olumalunga nama-R55 ezigidi luyawukwenziwa.
Utyalo-mali oluzinzileyo kwiilwimi zemveli lunobulungisa ukuba ngaba umntu uthathela ingqalelo imbali yokungaphuhliswa kunye nokungasiwa so, kunye nokuzibophelela kwangoku kukarhulumente kwiilwimi ezininzi. UMgaqo-siseko ubhengeza ukuba : "Ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa okuphelayo kunye nesikhundla seelwimi zemveli zabantu bethu, urhulumente kufuneka athathe amanyathelo anokwenzeka kwaye alungileyo ukunyusa isikhundla kwaye enze kuqhube ukusetyenziswa kwezi lwimi" (uMthetho 108 ka 1996, iphepha lesi-4). Ukusekwa kwee-LRDCs linyathelo elinokwenzeka kwaye elilungileyo.
Okuhle okuya kwenzeka ngokusekwa kwee-LRDCs iya kuba kukudalwa kwemisebenzi emitsha ezinzileyo okungenani eli-135 kwixesha leminyaka emi-3, oko ke kuphelisa intswela-ngqesho kunye nobuhlwempu kuluntu olufuna ungenelo lukarhulumente. Iimbono ezimbi ezijoliswe kwiilwimi zemveli ziyakutshintsha ngenxa yombono wokuba urhulumente unophuhliso oluhle kwezi lwiimi.
Kumbono omhle ngokwembali owenzekileyo kwisiNgesi nesiBhulu, akukho khuselo kufuneka lubekwe phambili olujoliswe kumandla kunye nezibonelelo ezinqongopheleyo kwiilwimi zemveli ezilithoba ezisemthethweni. Apho kufanelekileyo, ezinye iilwimi zemveli kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe ziyakuqukwa kumsebenzi wokuphuhlisa. Oku kuyakulungiselela iinjongo ezimbini zokuphakamisa iilwimi ezininzi ezisebenzayo kwelinye icala, kwaye zinyuse unxulumano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nentsebenziswano kwelinye icala.
Injongo enganeno yala maZiko iya kuba kukutshintsha iimbono ezondeleyo ezijoliswe kwiillwimi zemveli - iimbono ezinyanzela izenzo kunye nemibono yokungalingani (ngenxa yokunqongophala okanye ubunkenenkene bexabiso lezoqoqosho oluhamba nezi lwimi). Ngokuqhuba iiprojekithi zeelwimi ezinoncedo olunokusebenziseka kuluntu olubanzi, ii-LRDCs ziyakuba nako ukufaka isandla ngqo ekuphunyezwenikweenjongo ezibanzi zotshintsho luthelekiswa nokwakhiwa kwesizwe kunye nokudalwa kobutyebi busenzelwa bonke abemi.
UKUCHAZA AMAZIKO OPHANDO NOPHUHLISO LWEELWIMI
La maziko ngumongo wokwakhiwa kweziko ofunekayo ekuphunyezweni okunempumelelo kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yomgaqo-nkqubo weeLwimi weSizwe kunye nayo yonke imithetho enxulumeneyo, ingakumbi kumgangatho wamaphondo. Kwintsebenziswano enkulu ne-PanSALB kunye namasebe obugcisa nenkcubeko kumaphondo, i-NLS iyakuqinisekisa ukuba kukho indlela nentsebenziswano efanelekileyo yayo yonke imisebenzi eyenzelwe ukuba ixhase kwaye ifake isandla kuphunyezo lomgaqo-nkqubo weelwimi ezininzi kwilizwe lonke. Kucingelwa ukuba bonke abadlali bendima bayakuyamkela ngokuhlanganyelana imfanelo yokujonga ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo eyahlukeneyo yophando nophuhliso eyakufuna ukuphumeza iqondo eliphezulu leelwimi ezininzi ngendlela engabiziyo kwaye ngelona xesha lifutshane. Esekwe kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, amaZiko ayakuxhamla kubugcisa osele bukhona kumaziko angawodwa. Ayakudala kwakhona uthungelwano olubalulekileyo lwezinto ezizimeleyo ezabelana ngeenjongo ezifanayo ezingqinelanayo nezinto ezibalulekileyo njengoko kubekiwe kwi-NLPF.
Uthatha kwiimfanelo zomgaqo-siseko ngokunjalo nakwiinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezikhankanyiweyo kwi-NLPF, iinjongo zamaZiko eelwimi zezi:
Ukuphuhlisa ngokusebenzayo iilwimi ezisemthethweni zemveli ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo nguwonke-wonke kwimimandla ebalulekileyo efana nomthetho, urhwebo, inzululwazi, ezopolitiko, imfundo njl njl.
Ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa uphando olunxulumene neelwimi olubalulekileyo kwaye oluphendulayo kwiimfuno zabasebenzisi beelwimi kunye nabenzi zigqibo, ngokunjalo nedatabase efikelelekayo;
Ukufezekisa imisebenzi, ukunyusa imisebenzi kunye nokwandisa ulungelelwaniso kuzo zonke iiyunithi kunye neekomiti ezibandakanyekayo kumsebenzi wophuhliso lweelwimi ukuthintela uphinda-phindo kunye nokonakaliswa kwezibonelelo;
Ukubhexesha kunye nokukhulisa amalinge okuphakamisa ukubhalwa kweelwimi zemveli ngeendlela zokolula imibutho yababhali ethile, ukubhexesha iisemina kunye neentlanganiso zeengxoxo zababhali, njl. Njl;
Ukuveza iindlela nezixhobo eziyakusebenza ngemicimbi enxulumene nokukhusela ipropati kunye nelungelo lombhali lokushicilela;
Ukucebisa kwiinkqubo eziyakutsala abafundi abaninzi ukuba bafunde iilwimi zesiNtu, ngokukhombisa amathuba engqesho acacileyo, kuqukwa namathuba " uqeqesho lwamava", apho kukho khona imfuneko; kunye
Kucacile xa kujongwa kwiinjongo ezingasentla ukuba isikowupi somsebenzi we-LRDCs mkhulu, ufuna ukuyilwa ngocoselelo kunye nokubekwa kwezibonelelo zezakhiwo eziyakuvumela ukukhula nokwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokungqinelana nemimiselo eyenziwe kuMgaqo-siseko ngokweelwimi zemveli ezisemthethweni, amaZiko oPhando noPhuhliso lweeLwimi alithoba aya kusekwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziko elinye liyakunikezelwa ekuphuhliseni kolwimi ngalunye lwemveli olusemthethweni. Iziko ngalinye lolwimi liyakuba neeyunithana liyakuba nomthamo oya kuhambelana neenjongo kunye nemisebenzi yalo. AmaZiko aya kusekwa kwezo ndawo ngokwembali yamaziko ebehlelelekile (historically disadvantaged institutions) (HDI's) emfundo ephakamileyo kunye nokuguquka apho kucingelwa khona ukuba kukho imfuneko. Kucingelwa ukuba urhulumente uyakungena kubudlelwane namaziko apho ii-LRDCs zimiswe khona.
Okubalulekileyo ekwakheni sisimo solungiselelo lokwakhiwa kolungiselelo lwee- LRDCs ngumbono wokuba ukuphindeka kwemisebenzi kuya kufuneka kuphetshwe kangangoko. Imisebenzi iyakufezekisa kuphela leyo sele isenziwa kwenye indawo. Ingxoxo eneenkcukacha zemisebenzi iqulethwe kwicandelo lesi-6 ngasezantsi.
Kumabakala okuqala, iimfuno zesakhiwo seZiko ziyakuba ncinane kakhulu. Ngokwesitafu, ummiselo owenziwe ngasezantsi uthathwa njengokona kwakhiwa kusisiseko kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqalwe.
AbaLungelelanisi kwiyunithana nganye;
Abasebenzi abangesosigxina; kunye
Nabenkxaso e-Ofisini/kulawulo.
Ngokomzobo, oku kunokubekwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
Iya kuba luxanduva lomLawuli ulawulo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi yeZiko. UmLawuli uyakuzibika kwiKomiti eLawula iZiko enoMbhalisi ziFundo Academic Registrar, iNtloko yeSebe okanye yesiKolo seLwimi zesiNtu. iGosa eliyiNtloko leziMali leZiko, iSinethi/ilungu leBhunga, umhlohli omnye ophezulu okanye/kunye nonjingalwazi omnye ovela kwiSikolo seeLwimi/iCandelo lezobuGcisa/Humanities ngokunjalo neNtloko yeYunithi yeeLwimi yePhondo. IKomiti eLawula iZiko iya kuba phantsi kolawulo lweKomiti yeSizwe eCebisayo. Le komiti iya kuba nabameli abasuka kwiSebe lezobuGcisa neNkcubeko Department of Arts and Culture DAC, PanSALB, ne-SABC, iSebe lezoNxibelelwano, kunye namasebe esizwe nawamaphondo iiyunithi zeelwimi I-DAC iyakuchophela iintlanganiso zeKomiti kwaye isebenze njengequmrhu loonobhala kwiKomiti yeSizwe eCebisayo National Advisory Committee NACO.
UKUDIBANA NENTSEBENZISWANO
Ukubandakanyeka kaweNtloko yeYunithi yeeLwimi yePhondo kwiKomiti eLawula iZiko kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-MECs zephondo ziyaziswa ngemisebenzi yeZiko kunye nokuba umdla wephondo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo zivela kakuhle kwimisebenzi yeZiko. AbaLawuli bamaZiko bayawukwenza ingxelo ngezigaba zamaxesha kwiQumrhu leSizwe leeLwimi - iQumrhu elimele umthelelani elinawo onke amasebe esizwe kunye nawamaphondo kuqukwa ne-PanSALB. Eli qumrhu liyakucebisa iKomiti yobuGcisa (Technical Committee) ne-MINMEC kuyo yonke imigaqo-nkqubo yeelwimi kunye nemicimbi yokuphumeza.
AmaZiko aya kuba ziziqinisi zazo zonke iinkqubo zophando nophuhliso lweelwimi ngokuba anike impendulo kwiimfuno zoluntu oluntetho zahlukeneyo, ngexa kwangaxesha nye ayakunika amasebe karhulumente zonke izixhobo zokubhexesha zeelwimi ezifunekayo ukuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo ngempumelelo. Ukusuka kwisindululo esisisiseko sengxoxo sokuba amasebe amaphondo karhulumente yimfanelo yawo ukuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo, kuyabaluleka ukuqonda ukuba iiyunithi zeelwimi zikurhulumente ngeke zibe naso isikhundla, izakhono kunye nobugcisa bokuphuhlisa zonke iimveliso kunye nezixhobo zokufezekisa iinkonzo ngazo zoli-11 ilwiimi ezisemthethweni. Kwilizwe ngokubanzi, indima yeedyunivesiti ingakumbi iye yaziswa ekuxhaseni uphuhliso lokulungelelanisa izixhobo ezifunwa ngurhulumente ukuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo. Isikowupu sokusebenza ke ngoko siyakujolisa ekunyusweni kwelwimi, amafa, oovimba kunye neemyuziyam, iinkqubo zokufikelela kuluntu, uphando nolwakhiwo. Inye kwezi ixoxwe ngokweenkcukacha ngasezantsi.
UKUNYUSWA KWEELWIMI
njengayo yonke imisebenzi, ummandla wolwimi ufuna amagosa aqeqeshwe ngokupheleleyo anezakhono ezininzi, ulwazi nobugcisa. Oku ngundoqo apha luqeqesho kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo lwabasebenzi ngeelwimi ekufuneka bavele ngokubalasela kumacandelo awohlukeneyo, umzekelo, isigama, uguqulo, utoliko, ukuhlela kunye ne-human language technologies. Ukwenzela ukuvelisa iinkonzo ezinobulunga kula macandelo kwezo lwimi bezihlelelekile ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukolula isiseko solwimi kunye nezakhono kwabo basebenzi ngeelwimi sele besebenza ukuze babenako okwaneleyo kokusebenza ngamacandelo olwazi ebebethintelwe kulo ngenxa yokunqongophala kobugcisa okanye yimbali yaphambi kwedemokhrasi.
Ngokusetyenziswa kweelwimi zemveli ukuphucula ukufezekiswa kweenkonzo okukona kubalulekileyo kurhulumente, kukho imfuno eninzi yoguqulo, utoliko kunye neenkonzo zokuphuhlisa isigama. Iya kuba ngumsebenzi wee-LRDCs ke ukufumana ubugcisa obunjalo, ukwakha uthungelwano lweengcali ezinjalo ukuba zibhexeshe iinkqubo zangaphakathi zabasebenzi kunye nokuba bafake isandla kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zedyunivesiti ukwenza ukuba izifundo zibaluleke kwaye zifaneleke kwishishini leelwimi. Injongo kukuhlanganisa ubugcisa, izakhono, ulwazi kwiimfuneko zomsebezni yabasebenzi ngeelwimi.
Ukongeza ekwakheni isikhundla sokuqinisekisa ubulunga beenkonzo zeelwimi, amaZiko ayakudlala indima enkulu kummandla "ulwimi kuphuhliso lwengqiqo". Le iya kuba yiprojekithi yexesha elide ebandakanya uphando ekusetyenzisweni kweelwimi zemveli ngenjongo zokufunda. Isikowupu siyakusuka kumabanga aphantsi, siye kumabanga aphezulu ukuya kumgangatho wamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kwaye uphando luyakukhokelela kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo zokufunda kunye nokufundisa kunikwa ingqalelo ekuvelisweni 'kwezichazi magama ezikhethekileyo". Ukuphuhliswa kwesigama esisekelwe kwimimandla ebalulekileyo yekharityhulam nayo iya kwenziwa ukuba ibe yeyokuqala. Apho amaziko aneziFundo zoChola-cholo ndaba kunye noNxibelelwano, kuyakulindeleka ukuba iZiko labelane ngezibonelelo, okunokuqatshelwa ngokwemiqathango yokuveliswa kwezibonelelo zokushicilela, ukuveliswa kwevidiyo,i-edutainment, njl.njl. Iindleko kwiZiko ngokuphathelene noku ziyakuncitshiswa kuba ukuveliswa kwezibonelelo kunokwenza inxenye yeeprojekithi/ukufundiswa umsebenzi komfundi.
UKUXHASA UPHANDO OLUNXULUMENE NEELWIMI
La maZiko asekwe kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, aya kunxulumana namasebe karhulumente kumaziko agcinileyo apho asekelwe khona ngokuphathelene namaphulo ophando eelwimi amasebe abandakanyekayo kuwo kunye nalawo aceba ukuwaqhuba ngokuhlanganyelana neZiko.
Iiprojekithi zophando ziyakunxulumana kwiimfuno zamacandelo karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Umzekelo, uphando lunokwenziwa ukuqonda izinto ezibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwesigama. Ezinye zeelwini zesiNtu ebezingasiwa so ngaphambili zinokuba nemfuno engxamisekileyo yesigama kumamndla wezifundo othile ezifana nezolimo, apho ezinye iilwimi ezinkulu ezifana nesiZulu sele zisiphuhlisile isigama.
Uphando olunokuqhutyelwa icandelo labucala lunokuquka uphando lokuqonda ukuba ishishini labucala lingagqwesa kanjani na ukuphakamisa iimveliso zalo. Umzekelo, i-LRDC inokuqhuba uphando lokuqonda imigangatho yokufunda, kunye neendaba apho imarike eninzi ekujoliswe kuyo ifikelelayo. Ukuba kukho izinga elikhulu lokungafundi, umxhasi ke ngoko uyakucetyiswa ukuba apapashe kunomathotholo, kwaye ingakumbi kwezo zikhululo zoonomathotholo zichongiweyo.
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-LRDCs iya kuba kukumisa ifdatabase yophando. IZiko ngalinye liya kuqokelela ulwazi osele lufumaneka kwaye olubalulekileyo kulo, njengobalo lwengqokelela yamanani ento ethile, uphando ngolwabiwo lweelwimi kwilizwe lonke, njl.njl.. Ezi database zinokusetyenziswa ukuphendula izicelo ezikhawulezileyo ezifuna ulwazi ezivela kubaxhasi, kunye nokuphuhlisa iimveliso zophando ezinokusetyenziswa luluntu lololwimi olusetyenzelwa liZiko, amanye amaZiko kunye nabanye abasebenzi ngeelwimi.
UKUPHAKAMISA UKUFUNDA NOKUBHALA KWIILWIMI ZESINTU
Umkhwa wokufunda eMzantsi jikelele uyalambatha. Isimo siyothusa xa ujonga kwiilwimi zesintu. Iingxoxo ezininzi ziye zaqhutywa ukucacisa inghxaki. Ziqala kumathala eencwadi angenazixhobo zaneleyo, ukunqongophala kweencwadi ezikolweni, amaziko amathala eencwadi angafikelekiyo/angafumanekiyo, amazinga aphezulu okungafundi, iincwadi zoncwadi ezingenzi mdla/ezingenamtsalane, ukuya ekunqongophaleni kwezinto ezenza umtsalane/amabhaso kubabhali, kunye nomdla ophelayo nokungaziboni ngeliso elihle iilwimi zesiNtu.
Ngeenjongo ezingundoqo zamaZiko eeLwimi zokufuna ukutshintsha ukubona ngeliso elibi illwimi zemveli, esi simo ngeke sivunywe ukuba siqhubeke. Ngokwenyani, ungenelo olungamandla kufuneka lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezininzi . Ukusilela ukukwenza oko kuyakuphazamisana kwaye kubeke endaweni embi ukuphunyezwa koMgaqo-nkqubo weeLwimi weSizwe. Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala ekufuneka lithathwe ngamaZiko kukuseka intsebenziswano nemibutho yababhali kunye nayo nayiphi na eminye imibutho engekho ngaphantsi kukarhulumente esebenza kunye nemibutho yababhali okanye ababhali abangabodwa. Injongo iya kuba kukuqonda okukhona okufumanekayo kunye nokolula apho kukho khona imfuneko. Iintlanganiso zeengxoxo kunye neesemina zababhali ziya kuba ziindlela ezibalulekileyo zokuphumeza le njongo.
Ngamaphulo okwenza ukuba kuqondwe iilwimi, imisebenzi yokuchola-chola iindaba kufuneka nayo iukhuthazwe. AmaZiko kuyakufuneka ukuba asebenze ngokuhlanganyelana namaziko anika izifundo zokuchola-chola iindaba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi abaninzi abaneziqinisekiso kwiilwimi zesintu baqeqeshelwa ukubhala kunye nokwenza ingxelo ngeelwimi zesintu. umzekelo, ngokuphathelene namaphepha-ndaba abhalwayo, kwiilwimi zesiNtu ezilithoba, IsiZulu siso sodwa esinamaphepha-ndaba agcweleyo - apapashwa mihla le kuthethwa nge-Iso Lezwe kunye nakabini ngeveki xa kuthethwa nge-Ilanga lase Natala. IsiXhosa sinesihlomelo kwiphepha-ndaba lesiNgesi elipapashwa kuphela eMpuma-Koloni. Isihlomelo sesiXhosa siphuma kuphela kanye ngeveki kumaphepha-ndaba i-Daily Dispatch ne-Herald. Kule mizekelo kucacile ukuba abantu abaninzi eMzantsi Afrika abangakwaziyo ukusifunda okanye basiqonde isiNgesi abalunikwa ulwazi olubalulekileyo ngoba abakwazi ukufikelela kumaphepha abhalwe kwaye apapashwa ngeelwimi zabo.
Ngokuphathelene nokubhala, inani elininzi lababhali bagxile kakhulu kuveliso lwencwadi zesikolo. Kukho imfuno emandla yokukhuthaza ukubhala ngazo zonke iilwimi kubhalelwa abafundi abohlukeneyo. Njengento eyenza umtsalane abachola-choli (SABC namaphepha-ndaba ) banokubandakanyeka kuyilo nasekuququzelelweni kokhuphiswano, okulindelekileyo ibe kukuba oku kuyakukhuthaza ababhali ngokungaphaya. Iincwadi/amanqaku/izibongo eziphumelelayo, njl.njl. zinokudlalwa kwiinkqubo zedrama zikamabonakude, amabali kanomathotholo, amanqaku amaphepha-ndaba, Imisebenzi enjalo ingenza inkxaso yemali eninzi kumaZiko kwakhona isebenze njengomthombo obalulekileyo wengeniso yababhali namagcisa.
Uchola-cholo lwendaba ezibhalwa phantsi lungakhuthazwa ukuba lupapashe amaphepha-ndaba/amacandelo amaphepha-ndaba ngaphezulu kolwimi olunye ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kumagama abhalisiweyo. Izaziso zikarhulumente ingakumbi kufuneka zenziwe ngazo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni ezikhethwe ngamaphondo. Oku kungadala inani lamathuba emisebenzi kubaguquli nabahleli abafunde iiLwimi zesiNtu. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba mandundu malunga neelwimi ezininzi kwicala likarhulumente, ingakumbi kwimigangatho yamaphondo kunye noorhulumente beengingqi, ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi luyafikeleleka kubo bonke abemi boMzantsi Afrika. IiKomiti zeeLwimi zamaPhondo zinokudlala indima enkulu yokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho intsebenziswano kweli phulo. Kuyathenjwa ukuba lo mzamo uyakuzisa into ebambekayo kunye nento enokwenzeka kwiinzame zikarhulumente zokuphucula, ngoncwadi kubantu abaninzi, isikhundla sentlalo-qoqosho solo luntu belungasiwa so ngaphambili kumaphondo.
IIMYUZIYAM ZAMAFA NEELWIMI
Onke amaZiko kuyakufuneka ukuba abe neyunithi ezimiselwe ukushicilela amabali, iintsomi, amavo nezaci, njl.njl. Abasebenzi ngaphandle/abaphandi abangasebenzi xesha lisisigxina kunokufunwa ukuba bafune abantu abadala kuluntu abanokuba ngabagcini bezibonelelo ezinjalo ezityebileyo, kwaye bashicilele amagama abo ngeenjongo zokufunda kunye nokugcina Lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngaphandle kokulibazisa, njengoko iqhalo lesintu libeka " Qho umntu omdala esweleka ithala leencwadi liyatsha". Kweli lizwe, lihlazo into yokuba kusondela kwiminyaka eli-10 yedemokhrasi yethu akukabikho nanye imyuziyam yeelwimi zesiNtu. Oku kubonakalisa enye yentshabalalo yobukoloniyali kunye nocalu-calulo. Zonke ezi - amabali ase-Afrika, iintsomi, amavo, izaci, njl. Njl. bezisoloko ziyeyona ndlela yokudlulisa inkcubeko yethu, ubuntu, namasiko ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana. Ukuthintela ukuba abantu bemveli balahlekelwe kukuzazi kwabo ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo ngoko nagoko okuvuna olu lwazi kuluntu lwethu oluntetho zahlukeneyo.
Ukufaka isandla kwamafa omlomo kwimbali
Kwakhona, abasebenzi ngaphandle kuyakufunwa ukuba bakhangele abo Bantu badala kuluntu abasebenza njangabagcini bembali yomlomo. Imbali enjalo ifuna ukufundwa ize itolikwe ngaphandle kokuba yehliselwe kuso nasiphi na isikhundla esisezantsi, ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuba yeyomlomo. Kwisiphikiso, iindlela zangoku zomlomo kufuneka ziphuhliswe ezizakondla kwaye zolule inkcubeko yethu umbuzo wokutsha okuvelileyo kwinkcubeko yomlomo yileyo enokulungiswa ngomgangatho wokuba ifundwe ngamaZiko, kwakhona eya kuba sisiseko sexesha elide eya kugcina umzila wezinto ezintsha ezivelayo njengoko zisenzeka kwilizwe ngokubanzi.
Okubalulekileyo, amaZiko, ayakujonga kwakhona imiba yamalungelo okushicilela ombhali - ingakumbi kuncwadi lwamasiko omlomo. Ukubhalwa kweentsomi ngoku sele kulishishini kodwa ngelishwa, lishishini eliye laba nenzuzo kubantu abangazithethiyo iilwimi zemveli zesiNtu. Oku kuye kwenzeka njalo kuba ayingabo bonke abathethi beelwimi zesiNtu abakwaziyo ukubhala, ukuba banako, umdla wokupapasha ngowezithethi zezinye iilwimi. Iziphumo iye yaba kukuba amabali omlomo aye ashicilela kwizithethi zeelwimi zemveli ebezingakwazi nokubhala kwaye zange zibulelwe njengemithombo yolwazi lwemveli okanye babuyekezwe. Amalungelo okushicilela ombhali kwiintsomi esele zapapashwa anikwa abantu abangasizizo izithethi zeelwimi zemveli. Ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba amaZiko aqhube uphando kulo mba wolwazi lwethu lwemveli kwaye asebenze ngamalungelo okushicilela ombhali kunye neendlela zamalungelo epropati aya kukhusela ezi zibonelelo ekubeni zonakaliswe. Amalungelo okushicilela ombhali makasale eligunya elisemthethweni loMzantsi Afrika kusenzeka oko ngamaZiko eeLwimi. UmThetho wamaLungelo ombhali okushicilela, umThetho oyiNombolo yama-98 ka-1978, uyakuvuselelwa kwakhona ukukhusela imisebenzi yoncwadi, yomculo neyobugcisa kunye nokushicilelwa kwezandi zeentsomi ezibaliswayo.
UKUFIKELELA KULUNTU
Enye yeenjongo zamaZiko kukuphakamisa kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zemveli. Imeko yentlalo-qoqosho kunye neyopolitiko yangaphambili eMzantsi Afrika, ukusukela apho ilizwe lalilawulwa ligcuntswana labamhlophe kufake isandla kakhulu ekungasiweni so kweeLwimi zesiNtu kwimigangatho yoluntu eyahlukeneyo. NgeNkqubo-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo weeLwimi weSizwe omtsha, urhulumente uphakamise indlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula isikhundla kunye nokusetyenziswa kweelwimi zesintu. Esi sinokuba sisifundo esizoyisayo ukuba ngaba abantu beelwimi ababandakanyeki kwiziqalo zokuphuhlisa iilwimi.
Uqeqesho loNcwadi
Imfuno kunye nexabiso lokuqeqeshelwa uNcwadi eMzantsi Afrika igxininiswe ngokungaphaya. AmaZiko aya kuqala iinkqubo zokufikelela ukwenzela ukuzisa uncwadi kuluntu. Uqeqesho lunokohlulwa ngezigaba ezithathu, i Uqeqesho olusisiseko loncwadi, ii oluphakathi, kunye iii noqeqeshe oluphezulu loncwadi.
Izifundo ezisisiSeko zeelwimi
Njengoko amaZiko eeLwimi eza kumiswa kumaZiko emfundo ephakamileyo, baya kuba nako ukuthethathethana namaziko abakuwo kwaye badibanise imizamo yabo ekunikeni izifundo ezingundoqo zeelwimi kubantu abangathethi ziLwimi zesiNtu. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba ukusetyenziswa kweeLwimi zesiNtu kufuneka kukhuthazwe hayi nje phakathi koluntu olumnyama kodwa nakubantu baseNtshona, Asia akunye nolunye uluntu eMzantsi Afrika.
Esi siqalo siyakukhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweelwimi zemveli eMzantsi Afrika kunye nalapho kukho khona imfuneko, naphesheya. Umzekelo, i-US inamakhonkco nezinye iiDyunivesiti eMzantsi Afrika ekunyuseni ekufundweni kunye nakuphando lwesiZulu. Abafundi bachitha amaxesha kula maziko kwaye bade baqonde iinkcubeko ngokunjalo. Iinkqubo zotshintshiselwano ezinjalo zinokolulwa kwaye zandiswe ngendlela emiselweyo.
Kumxholo wosondelelwano lwamazwe, uMzantsi Afrika ngokukhawuleza nje udlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba aBemi boMzantsi Afrika ngokobuninzi babo bafunde iilwimi "zangaphandle/zamazwe ngamazwe", hayi nje ukuba kutolikwe ekhaya kodwa kunikwe amathuba anentsingiselo phesheya, kwiimishini zethu zangaphandle, oorhulumente abasebenzisanayo, njl. Njl.. ISebe leMicimbi yangaPhandle lelona sebe ekukuphela kwalo eliqeqesha amagosa kwiilwimi zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ke kusekwakho imfuno enkulu yezakhono zeelwimi ezinjalo, umzekelo, iSebe leMicimbi yezeKhaya:uRhwebo neMveliso; SANDF; iMicimbi yoKhenketho nokusiNgqongileyo. Iinkqubo zemfundo ezingaphaya kufuneka zifikeleleke kuBemi boMzantsi Afrika ngokuphathelene noku kwaye amaziko ahlanganise izibonelelo kunye nobugcisa ukwenza ukuba oku kufezeke.
UkuPhakamisa ukuFundwa kweeLwimi zesiNtu
Amaziko emfundo ephezulu axela ukwehla kwinani labafundi ababalasela ngelwiimi zesiNtu. Ukuzama ukuhlangabezana noku, ii- LRDCs zinokudlala indima ekukhuthazeni abafundi ukuba bafunde iilwimi zesiNtu ngenjongo yokwenza imisebenzi abafuna ukuyilandela efana nokufundisa iilwimi (ukusuka kumabanga asezantsi ukuya kumaziko emfundo ephezulu); uguqulo notoliko, izifundo zonxibelelwano (kuqukwa ukupapasha kunye nokuchola-chola iindaba), kunye nezobugcisa nokuzonwabisa (umzekelo. Ababhali bemidlalo yeqonga, unomathotholo, kunye nemidlalo kamabonakude). Kuba amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo sele ezifundisa ezi zinto ii- LRDCs ngeke zibe nako ukuzifundisa ngokwazo, zinokudibana namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo ngokunika inkxaso (imali yokuxhasa okanye imali yokufunda) kubafundi abanqwenela ukufunda kule mimandla. Inkxaso enjalo inokudityaniswa ekwakhiweni kwamathuba oqeqesho olungumfuniselo (ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi) olwenza ukuba abafundi bakwazi ukufumana amava okusebenza afunekayo kwimimandla yabo abayikhethileyo mhlawumbi kwii- LRDCs kunye nakumaziko aphakamileyo bekwenza oko nge-LRDCs, kwiiprojekithi ezisekelwe kuluntu kunya nakwicandelo labucala. Izifundo ezinxulumene nolwimi zinokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezibonelelo zokufunda kunye nokufundisa kwiilwimi zesiNtu ukuphakamisa ukufundisa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ezi zibonelelo zinokuveliswa kwakhona ngokuqhuba kwezi zifundo.
ISIGABA SOKUPHUMEZA
Inkqubo yokuseka amaZiko oPhando kunye noPhuhliso lweeLwimi iyakwenzeka ngezigaba ezithathu:
ISIGABA SESITHATHU 
Phakathi kwezinto ezibalulekileyo iya kuba kukwakha izakhiwo kunye nokufuna izibopelelo zoluntu namandla aifunekayo, kuqukwa nezakhiwo zonxibelelwano nezedatabase. Uthotho lophando olulingwayo luyawukwaziswa kummandla waMafa, uNyuso loLwimi kunye nokuFikelela kuluNtu. AmaZiko aya kukhokelwa lucebiswano kwimigangatho yamaphondo ukuqonda izinto ezibalulekileyo, iimfuno nomdla wabantu abadlala indima, ingakumbi kurhulumente wengingqi. Injongo yophando olulingwayo iya kuba :
Ukuyila inkqubo mgomo yawo yonke imimandla ekujoliswe kuyo (iindlela zohlobo nezinobuninzi).
Ukuqhuba umsebenzi wangaphandle, ukucalula nokutolika idata.
Ukuphuhlisa iiprojekithi ezifikelelekayo, ezichazwe ngokucacileyo, ezinenkqubo migomo echaziweyo/ ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuxatyiswa.
Ukucela iiprojekithi kwiSebe lezobuGcisa neNkcubeko ukuba zenziwe ezibalulekileyo ukuba kuqalwe ngazo, zamkelwe kunye nenkxaso.
Ukukhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa komsebenzi wesigama osele usendleleni.
ISIGABA SESIBINI 
Ixesha ngumongo xa kujongwa indima yamaZiko. Ngo-2005 umsebenzi uyakuhamba ngesantya:
Ukufuna abaxhasi kunye nokuxhaswa kunatyiswa iiprojekithi kweminye iminyaka yamaphondo.
Ukuphuhlisa i-database ebanzi kumsebenzi wokunyusa/wokuphuhlisa. Le database iyawukwenziwa ukuba ifumaneke kwamanye amaqabane anokubakhona afana namasebe karhulumente, iinkokheli zoluntu, ii-NGO, kunye namanye amaziko. Kubonakala ngathi i-database ayiyi kuba naxabiso kuhlolo olungaphaya kuhlolo olungaphaya, ukwenziwa kweeprojekithi ezintsha kunye nolungiselelo lwe-data echanekileyo apho umgaqo-nkqubo owazisiweyo kwingingqi kunye, nokunganeno, kumgangatho wesizwe inokuphuhliswa.
ISIGABA SESITHATHU (2006 NANGAPHAYA)
Ngezakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezikhundla ezisekiweyo, imisebenzi iyakukhutshwa ngesantya esikhulu kunye nokwanela. Oku kuthetha ukuba:
Ukunabisela imisebenzi kunye neeprojerkithi emaphandleni. Oku kuya kwenza ukusekwa kwamazikwana apho iiprojekithi zemimandla ethile ziyakwaziswa kwaye zigcinwe khona.
Ukwenzela ukulawula kunye nokugcina amazikwana anjalo, amaZiko ayintloko kuyakufuneka olulwe/andiswe. Ubunjani kunye nobungakanani bolwandiso olunjalo, luyakucaca kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kuyawukwaziwa ngeziphumo zophando, izinga lokuphumelela kweprojekithi kunye nokuvunywa kwangaphambili lisebe lezobuGcisa neNkcubeko kunye namaqabane alo kumaphondo.
UHLAHLO-LWABIWO MALI
Iindleko ezithelekelelwayo ngeZiko ngalinye zisekelwe kubasebenzi,izakhiwo kunye neendleko zeprojekithi:
Inqaku
Unyaka woku- 1
UNyaka wesi-2
Ukunyuka ngeepesenti ezili-10 kuNyaka woku-1
UNyaka wesi-3
Ukunyuka ngeepesenti ezili-10 kuNyaka wesi-2
Abasebenzi
umLawuli
AbaLungelelanisi x5 @ R150 000
AbaPhandi x 5 @ R70 000
Abasebenzi bangaphandle (amazinga eyure)
Izakhiwo
Iindleko zokuqhuba
Izixhobo zokubhala
Izixhobo zokushicilela
UkuNyuswa kweeLwimi nophuhliso lweelwimi
AmaFa neeMyuziyam zeeLwimi
Ukufikelela kuluntu
KUPHELELE
AMANQAKU OKUVALA
Ukusekwa kwee-LRDCs kuya kuba lixabiso elikhulu ekuqhubeleni phambili iinjongo zomgaqo-siseko ngokuphathelene nokuphumeza injongo yokulingana kweelwimi eMzantsi Afrika. Ekuzimiseleni ukutshintsha isikhundla sentlalo seelwimi zolo luntu ngokweelwimi beluhlelelekile ngaphambili ukwenzela ukuba zilingane nesiNgesi nesiBhulu okanye nezinye iilwimi esele zizinze kumazwe ngamazwe, amaZiko oPhando noPhuliso lweeLwimi njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo aya kuba ngumthombo omkhulu wokwazisa.
