NGOKUBHEKISELE KUPHENGULULO LWEMINYAKA ELISHUMI ELINESIHLANU
Inkqubela ukusukela kwidemokhrasi - Ukujonga Phambili 
Xa yayiqala inkululeko ngo-1994, abantu boMzantsi Afrika bagunyazisa urhulumente wabo wokuqala ukuba kubekho into oyenzayo ngocalulo – ingakumbi ukungalingani, ubuhlwempu kunye nokucalulana. Kwakufuneka ukuba uthathe ilizwe ulibuyisele kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe olwaluwubeke bucala uMzantsi Afrika onocalulo.
Ngokuhambelana noMgaqo-siseko omtsha wedemokhrasi kunye neNkqubo yoKwakha ngokutsha noPhuhliso (RDP), urhulumente wazisa imigaqo-nkqubo ukuba: 
•	zihlangabezane neemfuno ezisisiseko
•	zakhe uqoqosho
•	zenze ilizwe kunye noluntu ukuba lube nedemokhrasi
•	ziphuhlise izibonelelo zoluntu
•	zakhe isizwe.
Emva kweminyaka eli-10 yenkululeko
Ngo-2004, emva kweminyaka eli-10 yedemokhrasi, bekukho inkqubela enkulu, kodwa kuninzi ebekufuneka kwenziwe. Nakuba kuye kwakho esikwenzayo ngelifa localulo, utshintsho kuluntu lwethu luze nemiceli mingeni emitsha.
Ekuqaleni kweShumi lemiNyaka lesiBini leNkululeko, abaninzi babesakhutshelwe ngaphandle kuqoqosho lelizwe kunye nasekufumaneni isabelo esifanelekileyo seziqhamo zokukhula. Ngexa okuninzi kwakuphucukile apho wayenolawulo khona urhulumente – okufana neenkonzo zentlalo – izinto zahamba kancinane apho urhulumente wayexhomekeke kwakhona kwizenzo zabanye, ezifana nokudala imisebenzi. Urhulumente ngokwakhe kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze ngokungaphaya kwaye anike inkonzo engcono.
Ukhetho luka 2004 lwagunyazisa urhulumente ukuba aphumeze iinkqubo zokulondoloza – kunye nokukhawulezisa – uphuhliso oluhle kwaye kulungiswe imiceli mngeni. Ukumema ukubambisana koluntu lonke, kwamisela injongo yokunciphisa ngesiqingatha ubuhlwempu nentswelangqesho ngo-2014. Ukuphumeza oku, wazibekela oku kuza kuqala ngokubaluleka:
•	ukukhulisa uqoqosho, njengowona mmandla ungundoqo wongenelo
•	amanyathelo amatsha okunceda abahluphekayo ukuba bangene kuqoqosho ukuze baphume ekuhluphekeni
•	ukuphucula ukusebenza kukarhulumente, iphulo elichasene nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nonxulumano loMzantsi Afrika kunye namanye amazwe.
Kwaye ngoku, emva kweminyaka eli-15?
Isiseko sabekwa liShumi lemiNyaka lokuQala leNkululeko kwaye amaphulo amatsha ukusukela ngo-2004 awubeke uMzantsi Afrika kwindlela yokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwangaxesha nye, eminye imiceli mngeni iye yazinga. Emitsha iye yavela ngotshintsho kuluntu lwethu kunye nakwilizwe esiyinxenye yalo.
Njengoko sisiya phambili, kufuneka sifunde izifundo zexa elidlulileyo.
Ngexa iliphantse libe yiminyake eli-15 yenkululeko, yintoni eye yaba yimpembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ekuncedeni uMzantsi Afrika ukuba uye kuluntu olusekelwe kubulungisa, ukungacaluli ngokobuhlanga kunye nokungacaluli ngokwesini? Uye waphumelela njani urhulumente ekwenzeni into obumiselwe ukuba uyenze, kwaye kunophuculwa njani oku? 
Le yimibuzo ebuzwe ngurhulumente njengoko ubusenza uHlolo lwemiNyaka eliShumi elinesiHlanu. 
Uphando lwenziwa phakathi kurhulumente kunye nangabantu bangaphandle. Iziphumo zipapashwe  njengoxwebhu lwengxoxo.
Injongo kukukhuthaza wonke umntu ukuba axoxe ngale miba njengoko ilizwe lethu lisiya phambili ekwakheni uluntu olutsha.
Indlela elinokusetyenziswa ngayo eli phetshana
Kubumelwane kunye noluntu ngalunye, kwicandelo ngalinye loluntu okanye lombutho, inokubuzwa imibuzo:
•	Izinto ziphucuke ngeziphi iindlela? Zeziphi izinto ezingaphucukanga?
•	Ngowuphi umahluko owenziwe luluntu kunye nabantu ngabodwa? Yeyiphi indIela esingasebenza ngayo kunye ukuze sithathe izinto sizise phambili?
Olu xwebhu sisishwankathelo soHlolo lweMinyaka eliShumi elinesiHlanu lukarhulumente. Ingxelo ecazululiweyo iyafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kaRhulumente woMzantsi Afrika  (www.gov.za).
UKUHLOLA IIMPEMBELELO ZEZENZO ZIKARHULUMENTE 
Umsebenzi wamasebe karhulumente
1. ULawulo
Ukusukela ngo-2004, ujoliso beludibanisa idemokhrasi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kukarhulumente.
UTshintsho lwedemokhrasi 
•	IDemokhrasi yoMgaqo-siseko – amaziko aluqilima angabameli kunye nowiso-mthetho oluzimeleyo ziye zasekwa. 
•	IDemokhrasi eba nzulu – inkqubo ezintsha ziye zadalwa: 
	– ukudibana noluntu ngoyilo lophuhliso oluhlanganisiweyo
	– izimbizo, ukudibana ngqo phakathi kukarhulumente kunye noluntu
	– iikomiti zeewadi, ngoku zime kuma-96% eewadi
	– AmaZiko eNkonzo ye-Thusong – i-125 yamaziko ngo-2008
	– abasebenzi bophuhliso loluntu – ngaphezulu kwama-3 000 abaqeqeshiweyo.
•	Ukwenza bube bobedemokhrasi ubunkokheli bemveli – imithetho kunye namaziko amatsha anika ubunkokheli bemveli indima kwinkqubo yethu yedemokhrasi.
Ukuphakamisa ulawulo olulungileyo
•	Okubhekisele kurhulumente ovulelekileyo nongafihliyo: – UmThetho wokuPhakanyiswa koFikelelo kuLwazi (Promotion of Access to Information Act), 2000 unika abemi ufikelelo kulwazi ingakumbi kwizinto zikarhulumente. 
	– I-Batho Pele ibeka “abaNtu kuQala” njengomthetho-siseko okhokelayo weNkonzo kaRhulumente.
•	Ukulwa urhwaphilizo – urhulumente usolulile isandla sakhe ngokuqinileyo ukuze amelane norhwaphulizo ngeeYunithi eziKhethekileyo zoPhando kunye nangomThetho weeNkundla zamaTyala eziKhethekileyo, 1996, IsiCwangciso esiChasene noRhwaphilizo kwiNkonzo kaRhulumente (2002) kunye nomThetho wokuLwa nemiSebenzi yoRhwaphilizo, 2004:
	– iintlanganiso ezintathu ezichasene norhwaphilizo phakathi kuka-2001 kunye no-2008 ziye zawolula umlo   
       ochasene norhwaphilizo kulo lonke uluntu.
Amandla enkonzo karhulumente kunye norhulumente wengingqi
•	Ukutshintsha iNkonzo kaRhulumente – iminyaka eli-10 yokuqala ibone inkqubela emangalisayo ekudibaniseni iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo zabantu abangabodwa ukuba zibe yinkonzo karhulumente ehlanganisiweyo. INkonzo kaRhulumente ngoku imelwe ngokungaphaya luluntu.   
	– UmThetho woLawulo lweMali kaRhulumente, 2003 uphucula ulawulo lwezimali.
•	Uphuhliso lwezakhono – ujoliso olukhethekileyo ukusukela ngo-2004:
	– Uyilo, ukujonga nohlolo ziyolulwa. Kukho uyilo lolawulo olungcono kunye nenkonzo karhulumente enye.
	– ukuphakanyiswa okukhulu kuqeqesho kuqale ngexa i-akhademi yoqeqesho lwabasebenzi  
           bakarhulumente yaqaliswa ngo-2008.
	– Ukusukela ngo-2004, ukuDityaniswa kweProjekithi (Project Consolidate) kwaphuhlisa izakhono 
          koomasipala abali-136 abaneengxaki ezikhethekileyo. Ngo-2006, le ndlela yokubandakanyeka ngqo 
          yathathwa yasiwa kwi-Ajenda yesiCwangciso sikaRhulumente weNgingqi wemiNyaka emiHlanu.
Eminye imiba engundoqo yothathelo ngqalelo olukhethekileyo
• Umzabalazo onyukayo ubonisa imfuno yokolula iindlela zokudibana rhoqo phakathi kwabameli kunye  
    nabemi.
•  Iinkonzo kuluntu zifuna uphuculo olungaphaya kwimimandla emininzi.
•  Ubuthathaka bokuphumeza bumisela umda ukusebenza kwamaphulo achasene norhwaphilizo.
• Urhulumente, ingakumbi oomasipala, unemiceli mngeni ekufumaneni kunye nasekugcineni abantu 
    abafunayo. 
2. EzeNtlalo
Iinkqubo zentlalo zenze okuninzi ukuphucula ubomi babantu, kodwa izisombululo zexesha elide ziyafuneka.  
Ukonyusa ingeniso yabantu abahluphekayo
•	Inkqubo yenkxaso yentlalo – le yimeko engundoqo ekwehliseni inani labantu abanengeniso esezantsi kakhulu. Yayingabaxhamli abazizigidi ezi-2,5 ngo-1999 – ngoku bangaphezulu kwe-2 sezigidi.
Ubuhlwempu bengeniso obehlayo
IPesentu kubantu aba:
1995
2005
Ngaphantsi kwe-R322 ngenyanga
53%
48%
Ngaphantsi kwe-R174 ngenyanga
31%
23%
Ukwandisa ufikelelo kwiinkonzo  
•	Iinkonzo ezisisiseko – inkqubela iyenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unofikelelo kumanzi okusela, ezothutho lwelindle kunye nombane. 
imizi ehluphekayo ifumana iinkonzo ezisisiseko simahla: ama-6 000 eelitha zamanzi kunye nama-50 kwh ombane ngenyanga.
Eminye imiba engundoqo yothathelo ngqalelo olukhethekileyo
•  Ubulunga beenkonzo zentlalo bufuna ukuphuculwa.
•  Ngaphandle kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu kwimfundo, inkqubo iveza imveliso ebuthathaka xa kukonke.
• Urhulumente ujolise ekutshintsheni i-24,9 yezigidi zeehektare zomhlaba wokulima uye kubantu abamnyama  
   ngo-2014 – okwangoku kuphela yi-4,8 yezigidi zeehektare esele itshintshiwe.
• Ngaphandle kobuhlwempu obehlayo kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho, ukungalingani 
    kwengeniso akukhange kwehle kwaye kwamanye amacandelo kuye kwenyuka. 
• Ukwenyuka okukhawulezayo kwinani lemizi kukhokelela kwimfuno ephezulu yeenkonzo ezisisiseko kunye  
   nenkxaso yentlalo.
Ukunabisela ufikelelo kwiinkonzo
•	Imfundo – amanyathelo okuphakamisa imfundo anyuse ukuba nokuyiwa ezikolweni. 
	–  Okuninzi kuchithwa kwizikolo zikarhulumente, uPhuhliso lobuNtwana lwakwaNgoko, iMfundo noQeqesho  
        olusiSeko lwabaDala kunye neMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekayo (FET). 
	–  Inani labafundi abakwiMfundo ePhakamileyo likhule ukusuka kuma-300 000 ngo-1986 ukuya kuma-750  
        000 ngo-2005. Ukubhalisa kwikholeji ye-FET kukhule ngama-34% ukusuka ku-1998 ukuya ku-2002.
•	Impilo – iinkqubo zokwakha iikliniki, izibhedlele kunye namaziko okhathalelo lwempilo zithetha ukuba ama-
    95% abemi boMzantsi Afrika ahlala kwiikhilomitha ezi-5 zesibonelelo sempilo.
	–  Izehlo zeCesina (malaria) zehlile ukusuka kwezingaphezulu kwezingama-50 000 ekupheleni koo-1990 
        ukuya kuma-5 000 ngo-2007. Amazinga empumelelo yonyango lwe-TB amalunga nama-70%. 
	–  Ngoo-1990s, usulelo lwe-HIV lwenyuka ngokukhawuleza kodwa ngoku luyehla. Phakathi kwabasetyhini 
       abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 yobudala abaya kwiikliniki zaphambi kokubeleka, i-HIV yehle 
       ukusuka kwi-16% ngo-2004 ukuya kwi-13,5% ngo-2006. Phakathi ku-2008, ngaphezulu kwabantu 
       abangama-480 000 baqalwe ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral.
Ukwandisa ubumnini bee-asethi
•	IziNdlu – ngo-2008, 3 132 769 yeenkxaso zezindlu yavunywa, kwaye iiyunithi ezizi-2 358 667 zagqitywa.  
    Oku kwazisa izindlu kubemi abazizigidi ezi-9,9. 
Umhlaba – inkqubo yembuyekezo yomhlaba idlulisele ii-asethi ezixabisa i-R12,5 yezigidi zezigidi kubaxhamli abayi-1,4 yezigidi kunye nezibonelelo zenkxaso ezixabisa i-R15,2 yezigidi zezigidi.
Imizi enofikelelo ku:
1996
2007
Mbane wokulayita
58%
80%
Amanzi (okungenani akwiimitha ezingama-200 ukusuka endlini)
62%
88%
Amanzi kwindawo yokuhlala
61%
70%
Ezothutho lwelindle
50%
71%
Abantwana abaneminyaka emihlanu abasesikolweni
23%
81%
Abantwana abaneminyaka emithandathu abasesikolweni
49%
91%
3. Ezoqoqosho
Emva kokuzinzisa uqoqosho, ujoliso luye lwashenxa lwaya ekukhuleni okukhawulezayo nokwabelwana ngako.
Ukukhula nokudalwa kwendyebo
•	IPhulo lokuKhula okuKhawulezayo neKwabelwana ngako loMzantsi Afrika (i-AsgiSA) – ukubeka kwisiqingatha ubuhlwempu kunye nentswelangqesho ngo-2014, ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kufuneka kube yi-avareji ye-4,5% ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-2004 de ibe ngu-2009 kunye ne-6% ukuya ku-2014. I-AsgiSA ijolise ekoyiseni izinto ezinqanda uqoqosho ukuba lukhule ngokukhawuleza.
•	Ukukhula – uqoqosho lukhule kunyaka ngamnye ukusukela ngo-1994, lukhawuleza ukusukela ngo-2006. Lungaphezulu kwe-4,5% yokujoliswe kuko kuka-2004-2009.
	– Kukhule ngokukhawuleza kunabemi belizwe, ngoko ke ingeniso eyi-avareji ngomntu ikhule nge-1% 
        ukusuka ku-1994-2003 kunye ne-4% ukusuka ku-2004-2007.
•	Ingqesho – intswelangqesho inyukile emva ko-1994, yaya kuma phezulu kuma-31% ngo-2003. Emva koko   
    iye yehla, kwaye yaba ngama-23% ngo-2007.
Uzinzo lwe-macroeconomic
•	Ityala nokwehla okanye ukwenyuka kwamandla emali – urhulumente ulehlisile ityala lakhe ukusuka 
    phantse kwisiqingatha semveliso yonyaka yelizwe ngo-1994 ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-20%. 
	– Ukwehla okanye ukwenyuka kwamandla emali yayiyi-19% ngo-1991. Ukusukela ngo-1994, kwahlala 
        kungaphantsi kwe-10% de yaba ngu-2008.
•	Utyalo-mali nolondolozo – utyalo-mali lunyukile kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Urhulumente wenze utyalo- 
    mali ngama-482 ezigidi zezigidi kwizakhiwo phakathi kuka-2008 kunye no-2011. Utyalo-mali lwecandelo   
    labucala luphezulu kakhulu kunokuba lwalunjalo. 
Utshintsho lwe-microeconomic – ukutshintsha uqoqosho
•	Umgaqo-nkqubo woshishino – iNkqubo-siKhokelo yoMgaqo-Nkqubo weSizwe woShishino kunye noYilo 
    lweZenzo zoShishino luka-2007 iyakukhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwamandla ezoqoqosho okubonelela 
    ngempahla neenkonzo
•	Ukhuphiswano – ukusukela ngo-2003, iKomishini yoKhuphiswano ithathe amanyathelo aluqilima 
    ukuqinisekisa ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo kunye nokuxabisa kweefemi ezinkulu ezizezona eziphezulu  
    kuqoqosho lwethu.
•	Ukunikwa ulwazi – umThetho wokuNikwa amaNdla ezoQoqosho kwabo babeHlelelekile wamkelwa ngo-
    2003 kunye neeKhowudi zeZenzo eziLungileyo ngo-2007. 
	– Umelo lwabamnyama lwafikelela kuma-22% kunye nama-27% kubaphathi abaphezulu ngo-2006.         
•	Uphuhliso lwezakhono – oogunyaziwe bemfundo kunye noqeqesho lwecandelo kunye neNgxowa-mali    
    yezaKhono zeSizwe baqale ungenelo lophuhliso lwezakhono ukunceda ulutsha, olungasebenziyo kwaye 
    olunezakhono ezingephi.
	– IPhulo eliHlanganyelweyo lokuFunyanwa kwezaKhono eziza Phambili (i-Jipsa) likhokele kwabanezidanga  
       kubunjineli abaninzi kunye nokubhaliswa kwamagcisa kwaye labeka i-15 000 yabanezidanga  
       abangasebenziyo kwiinkampani.
•	UQoqosho lwesiBini – iNkqubo eyaNdisiweyo yeMisebenzi kaRhulumente (i-EPWP) idale isigidi esinye samathuba emisebenzi – ngaphambili kunyaka ebijolise kuwo ka-2009.
	– Urhulumente wandise kwaye wafezekisa inkxaso yamashishini amancinane.
	– IsiCwangciso esiHlanganisiweyo soKhuselo lokuTya kunye neenkqubo zamaphondo zokuxhasa ulimo 
        lokuphila sibonakalise ukuphucuka okungaguqukiyo. 
	– Uluhlu lweenkqubo ludibanisa abanini abancinane lubase kwixabiso le-agro-processing yokuhlangana 
        kwezamahlathi, iswekile nee-biofuels.
Eminye imiba engundoqo yothathelo ngqalelo olukhethekileyo
• Iminyaka emihlanu yokukhula ngokukhawuleza iveze ubuthathaka kuqoqosho lwethu obuthintele ukukhula 
   ngokukhawuleza ngokokufuna kwethu. I-AsgiSA izichongile iingxaki kodwa kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe 
   ukuze kumelwane nazo.
• Intswelangqesho isahleli ingumceli mngeni kwaye bambalwa abantu abasemsebenzini okanye abafuna 
   umsebenzi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe asaphuhlayo. 
•  Icandelo lethu elincinane lezoshishino lincinane xa lithelekiswa namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo.
• Kufuneka sifumane iinkqubo zoqoqosho lwesibini ezineempembelelo yesambuku esinye kunezo zininzi 
   zesikeyile esincinane.
4. Ubulungisa, uthintelo lolwaphulo-mthetho nokhuselo
Emva kokutshintsha amaziko obulungisa kunye nawolwaphulo-mthetho, ugqaliso ibikukuwenza ukuba asebenze ekwehliseni ulwaphulo-mthetho.
UTshintsho
•	Ukutshintsha nokwandisa amasebe – INkonzo yamaPolisa oMzantsi Afrika (i-SAPS), iinkundla kunye 
     neejele zitshintshile ukusuka kwizixhobo zocalulo zaya ekunikeni ukhuselo kunye nokhuseleko kubo bonke.
	– Ukonyuswa kobuchwepheshe kunye nabasebenzi abandisiweyo kubanceda ukuba basebenze kakhulu. 
         Ngo-2010, i-SAPS iya kuba namalungu angama-193 240.
	– Ukujongwa kwakhona kwenkqubo yobulungisa ngurhulumente kunye noluntu lwezoshishino kukhokelele 
         ngo-2008 kumanyathelo angaphaya okolula indlela. 
•	Utshintsho lwejaji zelizwe jikelele – phakathi ku-2007, ama-52% ejaji kunye noomantyi babemnyama kwaye ama-30% ingabasetyhini. 
	– Izigwebo zeNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko zenziwe ukuba zihambelane noMgaqo-siseko wedemokhrasi. Iinkundla ezintsha zisekiwe ukuze ziphucule ukufikelela kubulungisa, njengeenkundla zokulingana. Iinkundla zamabango amancinane, kunye neenkundla zokusingqongileyo.
Ukwehlisa ulwaphulo-mthetho nokwenyusa ukhuselo
•	Intsingiselo xa iyonke – ulwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi luyazinza okanye luyehla xa luthelekiswa no-1994. Kodwa kuye kwakho ukushenxa ngokubhekisele kubundlobongela obungaphaya kulwaphulo-mthetho.
	– ukujongana nokugcwala kakhulu kweejele, iinzame ezifana nokwakha iijele ezintsha, enye indlela   
          yokugweba, ukonganyelwa koluleko, iphulo labalindele ityala; kunye nengqawule - kodwa ingxaki 
          ikhulile.
	– Ubambiswano kunye norhulumente njengamaqumrhu amapolisa oluntu kunye noShishino oluChasene 
         nolwaPhulo-mthetho lukhulile - kodwa kusekuninzi ekusafuneka kwenziwe.
•	Ulwaphulo-mthetho lobundlobongela obubhekiswe kwabasetyhini nabantwana – ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho 
     olunjalo kube yinto eza kuqala. Iinkundla ezikhethekileyo ezingamashumi amathandathu anesithathu kunye   
     namaZiko Okhathalelo eThuthuzela okuxhasa amaxhoba aye asekwa. 
	– Obona buncinane bezigwebo kunye nohlaziyo lwakutsha nje kumThetho wamaTyala eSondo kunye 
         nomThetho wabaNtwana kolule isandla sikarhulumente ekulweni uphatho gadalala. 
	– IPhulo lokuZabalaza iiNtsuku ezili-16 lokuba kungaBikho buNdlobobgela obuBhekiselwe kwabaseTyhini 
         nabaNtwana lincede ukuhlanganisa uluntu ngokuchasene nobundlobongela.
•	Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluququzelelweyo – iiyunithi ezikhethekileyo zasekelwa ukuba zilwe ulwaphulo-mthetho 
     oluququzelweyo: 
	– ngo-2007, iYunithi yolwaPhulo-Mthetho oluQuquzelweyo yadumaza ii-syndicates ezingama-738  kwaye 
        iCandelwana: ImiSebenzi eKhethekileyo (i-DSO) laqala utshutshiso olungaphezulu kwe-1 000 ngezinga 
        lokugweba lama-85% 
	– ngo-2008, kwaziswa umthetho wokudibanisa i-DSO neYunithi yoLwaphulo-mthetho oluQuquzeleweyo ye-
        SAPS yaba yi-arhente enye kwi-SAPS.
•	Imipu engekho mthethweni – i-SAPS itshabalalise ngaphezulu kwemipu engama-500 000 ukusukela ngo-
     2000. Umthetho ongqongqo ngeemvume uphucule ulawulo lwemipu.
Ukhuselo
•	Ubundlobongela bezepolitiki – ubundlobongela bezepolitiki behla kwiminyaka yokuqala yedemokhrasi. 
     iKomishoni yeNyani noXolelwaniso yanceda ukujongana nokugxojwa kwamalungelo oluntu phantsi 
     kocalulo.
•    Ulawulo lwemida – ikomiti ephakathi kwamasebe kunye nobuchwepheshe obungcono iyiphucule imida    
      yelizwe.
Eminye imiba engundoqo yothathelo ngqalelo olukhethekileyo
•  Amapolisa, iinkundla kunye neejele zifuna izibonelelo ezingaphaya, ukusetyenziswa okungcono kwazo   
   kunye namanyathelo ahlanganise ngokungaphaya.
•  Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela noluququzelelweyo yimiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo. 
•  Ukunqongophala komgaqo-nkqubo wemfuduko kuthathela phantsi ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo. 
•  Ukuhlangana okukhulu koluntu ukuze luthabathe inxaxhaba ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho kuyafuneka.
•  Ukuba semthethweni kwamanye amaziko olwaphulo-mthetho obulungisa avavanywa ngentsingiselo  
   kwiingxelo zikarhulumente kunye namanyathelo kumagosa aphezulu.
5. Unxulumano lwazwe ngamazwe, uxolo nokhuselo
UMzantsi Afrika uye waba yinxenye yoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, usebenzela okusemdleni welizwe, we-Afrika kunye nehlabathi elisaphuhlayo.
Ukwenza kuqheleke unxulumano nehlabathi
•	Unxulumano lozakuzo – ngo-1994, uMzantsi Afrika wawuneemishini ezingama-65 kuphela ngaphandle – ngo-2008 zazili-121. IiMishini e-Afrika zikhule ukusuka kwi-17 ukuya kuma-45. 
•	Iminyhadala yamazwe ngamazwe – uMzantsi Afrika ubambe iminyhadala emininzi emikhulu ukusukela ngo-1994, njengeNdebe yeHlabathi yoMbhoxo (1995), i-Non-Aligned Movement Summit (1998), iNtlanganiso yeHlabathi yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (2002) kunye neNkomfa yeHlabathi yoMbutho wabamaPhepha-ndaba (2007), kwaye iphumelele ukuba ibambe iNdebe yeHlabathi ye-FIFA. 
Ukuhlanganisa i-Ajenda ye-Afrika
•	Amaziko elizwekazi – uMzantsi Afrika ufake isandla kutshintsho olusuka kuMbutho weManyano ye-Afrika ukuya kwiManyano ye-Afrika, ibambe iPalamente ye-Afrika waze wanceda ukwenza kusebenze iBhunga loXolo noKhuselo lweManyano ye-Afrika.
•	UBambiswano oluTsha loPhuhliso lwe-Afrika – i-Nepad iye yaba yinkqubo-sikhokelo yokubandakanyeka kwehlabathi lonke e-Afrika.
•	I-African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) – uMzantsi Afrika lelinye lamazwe asixhenxe adlule kwi-Peer Review. Yanconywa ngezenzo ezili-18 ezigqwesileyo kwaye wamkele iNkqubo yeSenzo ebanzi ye-APRM ukuze ilungise ubuthathaka obuchongiweyo kuphengululo.
•	Uxolo – uMzantsi Afrika udlale indima ekugcineni uxolo kunye nasekusonjululweni kwempixano kwi-Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Sudan, Ethiopia-Eritrea, Côte D’Ivoire, Liberia, e-Comoros naseZimbabwe.
•	Utyalo-mali norhwebo kunye namazwe ase-Afrika – I-Afrika ngoku yeyona ndawo yethu sithumela kuyo ingaphandle iyeyesine ngobukhulu.
•	UKwandisa uluNtu loPhuhliso lwamaZantsi e-Afrika (i-SADC) – urhulumente usebenza namazwe e-SADC kuhlanganiso olukhulu. Ukwaziswa koMmandla woRhwebo oluKhululekileyo lwe-SADC ngo-Agasti 2008 kuyakukhokelela kwi-customs union nemarike eqhelekileyo. Intsebenziswano kukhuselo yonyukile, ngoMbutho kuXolo noKhuselo, iNdlela yokuLumkisa kwaNgoko yoMmandla, iZiko loQeqesho loGcino Xolo kuMmandla kunye ne-SADC Brigade.
Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kummandla wamazwe ngamazwe
•	Ukwakha unxulumano lophuhliso kunye nelizwe elingcono – uMzantsi Afrika usebenzele ukolula intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe asaphuhlayo, useka ubudlelwane obutsha besicwangciso namazwe afana ne-Brasil, i-Ndiya ne-China. 
	– Unxulumano namazwe aphuhlileyo luyatshintshwa ukuphakamisa uMzantsi Afrika kunye ne-Afrika kunye  
        nokuqhubela phambili ngokubhekisele kwindlela yamazwe ngamazwe engcono. 
	– UMzantsi Afrika waye waba lilungu elingesosigxina leBhunga loKhuselo leZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UN) 
       ngo-2007 iminyaka emibini. Wasebenza ukuze wakhe umkhanyo kwiTshatha ye-UN,    
        ubudlelwane obumacala maninzi nobuqinileyo phakathi kwe-UN ne-AU. 
•	Ukuthengisa uMzantsi Afrika kunye ne-Afrika – kubekho iphulo ukusukela ngoo-1990 lokunyusa uMzantsi Afrika. Ukhenketho lukhule ngokukhawuleza, ludala imisebenzi ngqo engama-400 000.
Ukukhula kwezokhenketho
1998 
2001 
2004 
2007
Ukufika kwabantu bangaphandle 
5,73m 
5,79m 
6,68m 
9,10m
– INdebe yeHlabathi yeBhola ka-2010 lithuba elikhulu lokuthengisa ilizwe kunye, nokusebenza   
    ne-Afrika xa iyonke, ukuphucula umfanekiso welizwekazi.
Eminye imiba engundoqo yothathelo ngqalelo olukhethekileyo
• Ukuphunyezwa ngokukhawulezileyo kwe-Nepad kunye nemozulu engcono yemimandla kusahleli kungumceli  
  mngeni.
• Kukho imfuno yolungelelwaniso olungcono lozakuzo lwezopolitiko noqoqosho kunye nonxibelelwano   
  olungamandla lomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle ngaphakathi eMzantsi Afrika naphesheya.
Amaqela ekujoliswe kuwo 
Ujoliso olukhethekileyo kumacandelo achatshazelwa kakhulu lilifa localulo luncede ukuphucula ubomi babo.
UJoliso kwabasetyhini, abantwana, ulutsha kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo
•	Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo – umthetho, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo ziye zaphuhliswa. Kukho imibutho elungelelanisayo kwi-ofisi kaMongameli kunye neyenkulumbuso ukuze kuqhutywe ezi nkqubo. Imibutho ephakamisa okusemdleni wamaqela ekujoliswe kuwo iquka iKomishini yoLingano ngokweSini, iBhunga eliCebisa ngamaLungelo abaNtwana, iikomishini zesizwe nezamaphondo kunye ne-Umsobomvu Youth Fund.
Iimpembelelo zeenkqubo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo
•	Ingqesho nokwenziwa kwezigqibo – ngo-2004, iKhabhinethi yayinama-40% abasetyhini. Umelo lwabasetyhini kumaphondo kunye nakoorhulumente bengingqi kunyukile. Ngaphezulu kwama-30% abaphathi abaphezulu kurhulumente ngabasetyhini, kodwa icandelo labucala lisasalele ngasemva ngokuphathelene noku. 
•	Iinkonzo ezisisiseko – ukujolisa iinkonzo ezisiseko kwabo bahluphekayo kuthetha ukuba abasetyhini abaninzi kunye nabantwana bayaxhamla. Ufikelelo emanzini, umbane kunye nothungelwano kwenza umahluko omkhulu kwabasetyhini kunye nabantu abasebatsha.
•	Iinkxaso – kubantu abali-12 lesigidi abafumana iinkxaso zentlalo ngo-2007, izigidi ezisibhozo zafumana iNkxaso yokoNdliwa kwabaNtwana. Ama-53% eenkxaso zezindlu aya kwimizi eyonganyelwe ngabasetyhini.
•	Impilo – ufikelelo olukhulu kwiinkonzo zempilo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo lokuqala lwasimahla luxhanyulwe ngamaqela ebekujoliswe kuwo.
	– Ukungondleki okumandundu phakathi kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu kwehlile, 
       ukusuka kwizehlo ezingama-88 971 ngo-2001 ukuya kuma-28 165 ngo-2007. Inani labantwana abalele    
       bengatyanga kunyaka ophelileyo lehlile kuma-31% ka-2002 laya kwi-16% ngo-2006.
•	Imfundo – imfundo enyanzelwayo kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka esixhenxe kunye neli-15 yobudala   
     yenze ukuba abantwana abaninzi baye ezikolweni – phantse ibe li-100% lobhaliso.
	– amaziko e-FET asekwa ngo-1998, anceda abantu abasebatsha ukuba baphuhlise izakhono. Ngo-2007, 
     R1,3 yezigidi zezigidi yaya kwiSikim seSizwe seMali yabaFundi.
•	Uqoqosho – abasetyhuni, ulutsha, kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo babe ngabaxhamli abaziintloko  zokusebenza ngenjongo zokufunda (internships), ubufundi, iinkqubo zenkonzo yolutsha, i-EPWP, ubusomashishini kunye namaphulo amashishini amancinane. 
Ungenelo olufana ne-AsgiSA ne-Jipsa lubeke ugqaliso kuphuhliso lwabasetyhini kunye nabantu abasebatsha.
Eminye imiba engundoqo yothathelo ngqalelo olukhethekileyo
• Ulwaphulo-mthetho lobundlobongela olubhekiselwe kwabasetyhini nabantwana lusahleli lungumceli mngeni   
   ongundoqo. 
• Ukuqeshwa kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kumacandelo karhulumente nawabucala kuncinane kunoko 
     bekufanele ukuba kubenjalo.
•  Intswelangqesho iphezulu ngakumbi phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye nabantu abatsha. 
UKUJONGA PHAMBILI
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kwidemokhrasi yethu, kuninzi okwenziweyo ukuphelisa ilifa localulo kwaye kwakhiwe uluntu olutsha, nolufanelekileyo. Phakathi kwiShumi leMinyaka lesiBini leNkululeko, uMzantsi Afrika unyukele phezulu waya kwizinga elikhawulezayo lokukhula kunye nophuhliso. 
Kodwa akukoneli okwangoku.
Yeyiphi indlela ebanzi eya kwenza ukuba urhulumente kunye nelizwe ukuba bahambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye bagcine izinga elisakhawulezileyo lokukhula nophuhliso, kunokuqhuba kwindlela eseyikhona?
Ingaba kungahlangatyezwana nayo imiceli mngeni ngomzamo wesizwe onyukileyo osekelwe kuhlanganyelwano olubanzi lukarhulumente kunye nabantu kuze kujoliswe kokubalulekileyo okumbalwa?
Nokuba yintoni eyenziwayo, ukuya phambili kuyakufuneka ijikeleze kweminye imiba engundoqo, efana: nokukhawuleziswa kokukhula kunye nokutshintshwa koqoqosho, ukulwa ubuhlwempu, ukwakha unamathelwano ngokwezentlalo, intsebenzisano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokwakha ilizwe lophuhliso olusebenzayo.
Ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kunye nokutshintsha uqoqosho
Ukukhula okukhawulezayo nekwabelwana ngako kuyimfuneko ekwehliseni intswelangqesho nobuhlwempu. Ngenye indlela iimfuno zokuvelisa kwelizwe kufuneka ziphuculwe ukuze sikhule ngokukhawuleza, sithathe umsebenzi ongaphaya, kuqukwa nabantu abanezakhono ezincinane, ukuqinisekisa ukhuphiswano, ukunyusa izinto ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle nokuqinisekisa iimeko zokuzama kwamashishini amancinane nabolekisa ngemali encinane. Kukwakho nemfuno yokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zoqoqosho lwesibini ezineempembelelo ezininzi.
Kuyakubakhona imfuno yokuthathela ingqalelo yetshintsho kwiindleko zombane kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
Ukulwa ubuhlwempu
Amanyathelo okoyisa ubuhlwempu angundoqo kwisicwangciso esibanzi esichasene nobuhlwempu urhulumente asiphuhlisayo. Ukwehlisa intswelangqesho inyathelo elingundoqo elichasene nobuhlwempu. Sifuna ukuba kusuke nayiphi na imiqobo engunobangela wokuba ilizwe libe necandelo elincinane lezoshishino kunye nelibuthathaka kwaye abantu abaninzi abanako ukusebenza bayatyhafiswa ekufuneni imisebenzi.
Ukulwa ubuhlwempu kufuna umzamo okhethekileyo ngokubhekisele ekunyuseni amathuba abantu okungena kwimarike yemisebenzi kwaye bazisekele awabo amashishini. Imfundo inako ukuwophula umjikelo wobuhlwempu.
Ukwakha unamathelwano lwezentlalo kunye nokuba semthethweni kukarhulumente
Ukuqinisekisa uluntu oluhleli kamnandi kufuna ukwehla ekungalingani, ngofikelelo kumathuba ezoqoqosho kubo bonke ngokunjalo nokugcina inkcitho karhulumente egcina abahluphekayo.
Undoqo ekunamathelaneni ngokwezentlalo ngamaziko karhulumente aqinileyo nasemthethweni. Oko kufuna inkonzo engcono kurhulumente, iindlela eziphuculiweyo zokuthabatha inxaxheba koluntu kunye nokwehliswa kowaphulo-mthetho norhwaphilizo. Ngokufanayo, uluntu lunemfanelo yokuhlonipha kunye nokukhusela ukuba semthethweni kunye nengunya lamaziko karhulumente.
Ukwakha uluntu olunamatheleneyo nako kukwafuna ukuphakanyiswa kwembumba yamanyama kunye nokukhathala phakathi kwabo bonke abemi boMzantsi Afrika kuneenqobo ezisemgangathweni zomntu ngayedwa. Urhulumente kunye noluntu kufuneka basebenze kunye ekuphuhliseni indlela entsha exabisekileyo.
Ukulandela iinqobo ezisemgangathweni zentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe
Mninzi umsebenzi owenziweyo wokolula ukubambisana kwilizwe xa lilonke, ingakumbi e-Afrika kunye nakuMzantsi. Oku kufuneka kuqhubeke, kusabekwa phambili i-Afrika kunye namazwe akuMzantsi ngexa kugcinwe ubudlelwane namazwe anoshishino. Ubambiswano lwesicwangciso sokolula ukunceda ukuqhubela phambili umdla wethu wesizwe, kunye nokumiselwa kwezibonelelo zethu ukuba ziqhubelise phambili uphuhliso lwe-Afrika.
Ukwakha ilizwe lophuhliso
Ukwenza izinto ezichazwe ngasentla, urhulumente kuyakufuneka ukuba abe neempawu eziquka oku kulandelayo: 
•  kuyakufuneka ukuba ujikelezwe ngabantu kwaye uqhutywe ngabantu 
• kuyakufuneka ukuba ube nako ukukhokela ukuhlangana kwawo onke amacandelo oluntu ngokubhekisele  
   kwi-ajenda yesizwe efanayo 
• kuyakufuneka ukuba ube nako ukuphumeza iinkqubo ngokusebenzayo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba unamaziko  
   kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zamanyathelo alungelelanisiweyo.
• kufuneka ukuba abe nako ukutolika iinjongo ezibanzi kunye nokujoliswe kuko kuMgaqo-siseko kunye negunya lokonyula zibe ziinkqubo kunye neeprojekithi ezinokwenziwa.
• ukwafuna neendlela zokwandiswa kokudibana rhoqo phakathi kwabemi kunye nabameli babo boluntu.
Zeziphi ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ocinga ukuba urhulumente angazenza esebenza kunye nawe?
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