Sprayers										Xhosa



Ulondolozo, ukucoca nokugcina izitshizi ze-boom



Imiyalelo: 

Folio strap: Ulondolozo

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yoPhuhliso yakwaGrain SA, kubandakanywa igalelo elixabisekileyo labalingane abasebenza naye abahluka-hlukileyo



Kwinqaku elimalunga nokutshatyalaliswa kokhula okungancomekiyo kwiPula-Imvula kaFebhuwari 2008, esinye sezisathu ezinokubakho ekuxoxwe ngazo kube yimeko yesitshizi se-boom. Kunokubonakala ngathi oku yingxaki ephantse ukuxhaphaka – yiloo nto sekukho neli nqaku. 



Ulondolozo olufanelekileyo neendlela zokugcina azaneli kulandelelana njengamalungiselelo aphambi kwexesha lonyaka kunyaka olandelayo kuphela, kodwa lomeleze ukusebenza kwesitshizi lo gama lusongezelela iminyaka kubomi balo bokuvelisa. Ukuba sesichengeni sezitshabalalisi ezininzi zezibulali zezityalo kwixesha elide ezigqitha kwisitshizi zinako ukutyabula zonakalise iindawo ezithile zesitshizi, ipeyinti kunye nemidibaniso yombane. Intlenge evela kwezi mveliso inokuba yingozi nakubani osebenza ngomatshini. Kwakhona, izixa ezincinci kakhulu zezitshabalalisi zezibulali zezityalo ezivingce kwiindawo zesitshizi zinako ukonakalisa izityalo ukuba zigqithele kwixesha lonyaka lokutshiza elilandelayo. 



Ukhuseleko lobuqu bakho nolosapho lwakho, olwabaqeshwa nezityalo zakho kwenza kubaluleke ukuba usicoce ngobunono ngokunjalo ususe naluphi ungcoliseko kwisitshizi sakho ngethuba lexesha lonyaka, phakathi kwezityalo naphambi kokuzigcinela ixesha lasebusika. Khumbula ukuba inkoliso yemichiza esetyenziswa kwezolimo iyingozi kwizityalo kunye/okanye kwizilwanyana ngoko ke makuthathwe yonke ingqalelo ukuziqonda iingozi ezibandakanyekayo ukuze emva koko kulawulwe imeko kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenziwa. 



Ukucocwa kwezixhobo zesitshizi

Inkqubo epheleleyo yolondolozo nokugcina inamanyathelo amahlanu. 



Inyathelo 1: Funda 

Phambi kokuqalisa ukucoca isitshizi sakho, qiniseka ukuba uphengulula ileyibhile yezitshabalalisi zezibulali-zityalo ozifakileyo. Ileyibhile iya: 

Kukuxelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokulahla imveliso eyintsalela. 

Kunika nayiphi imiyalelo yokucoca yohlobo olulodwa enokuba yimfuneko. 

Kucebisa ngeemveliso zokukhucula ungcoliseko. 

Kukunika iingongoma eziphambili ngeZixhobo zoKhuselo zoMntu ngoKwakhe (Personal Protective Equipment – PPE) ekufuneka ucoce ngokhuseleko isitshizi sakho. 



Inyathelo 2: Hlambulula ngamanzi 

Injongo yokuhlambulula ngamanzi kukususa naziphi iindawo zemveliso ezicukeneyo okanye ezezixa ezikhulu ezinokuba zisekwisitshizi. Izixhobo zokucoca isitshizi zibandakanya ukujikelezisa amanzi kwisixokelelwano siphelele kulandele ukufakwa kwaso kwisiza esidweliswe kwileyibhile yezitshabalalisi zezibulali-zityalo ozisebenzisileyo (ngamanye amazwi, ukutshiza ngamanzi/ngomxube wemichiza ongxengiweyo, ngoku obizwa ngokuba yi-rinstate, kwindawo enokhuseleko). 



Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyayicoca itanki ngokunjalo nemibhobho kunye neziphokozi, faka amanzi acocekileyo abe kwisiqingatha setanki ukuze uqhube itrektara kumgama omfutshane kwenye yeendlela zasefama – ukuxhumaxhuma kuya kushukumisa amanzi kuqinisekise ukuba atshiza wonke umphakathi wetanki. Amaxa aliqela ohlambululo ngamanzi amancinci (ukufikelela kwi-10% yesakhono sokuqulatha setanki yesitshizi) abhetele kunokusuka kuzaliswe nje itanki yesitshizi kanye ngamanzi acocekileyo. Kucetyiswa ukuphinda-phindwa kwenkqubo yokuhlaziya ngamanzi kathathu obona buncinci. 



Khetha indawo apho i-rinsate engenakwenza ungcoliseko lweenkxaso zamanzi, imiqukuqelo, izityalo okanye ezinye izityalo nalapho amachityana amakhulwana angenakuqokelelana khona, kuba oko kunokudala ingozi ebantwini, kwizilwanyana nakwimo ezingqongileyo. Unokusitshiza emngciphekweni wentsimi okanye endleleni yasefama.



Qiniseka ukuba uyawakhupha amanzi kwitanki yesitshizi ngendlela ehambelana ncam neyeleyibhile yesitshabalalisi sezibulali-zityalo. Musa ukusuka uvule iivalvu kuphela kuba kuya kuchithekela emhlabeni. Yongezelela iincam zeziphokozi ezikwazi ukuqulatha okuninzi ukuze kwenzeke indlela ekhawulezayo nesemthethweni yokuchitha i-rinsate yesitshizi. Umphandle wesitshizi nawo mawuhlanjwe. Kwakhona, xa uhlambulula isitshizi ngamanzi, musa ukudala amadanyana amanzi amileyo nanokufikelelwa ngabantwana, izilwanyana zasekhaya, imfuyo okanye impahla yasendle. 



Inyathelo 3: Khuphela ngaphandle

Ukuchitha i-rinsate yesitshabalalisi sezibulali-zityalo ngokwezikhokelo ezikwileyibhile, faka i-rinsate kwisiza apho iimveliso ziza kusetyenziswa khona ngokwentsusa yako (kwakhona, emngciphekweni wentsimi apho umchiza utshizwe khona kukholisa ukuba yindawo efanelekielyo). Phinda-phinda inkqubo yokukhuphela ngaphandle okungaphakathi emva kokususa ungcoliseko nokuphinda uhlaziye isitshizi. Qiniseka ukuba ukhuphela ngaphandle naziphi iitanki zokucoca zamanzi okuhlaziya phambi kokulondoloza ukuthintela umonakalo owenziwa kukujika kwamanzi abe ngumkhenkce ngaphakathi. 



Inyathelo 4: Ukuhlola 

Emva kokuhlaziya ngamanzi okokugqibela unako ukuhlola isitshizi sakho uze wenze ukukhanda nokuba luhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko. Nangona isitshizi sesicociwe, yiba soloko unxiba izixhobo zakho zokhuselo. Enye intlenge inokusalela ibe khona nakwisitshizi. 



Izinto ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngethuba lokucoca nasemva kwalo: 

Iziphokozi ezingangqamaniswanga kakuhle nezikrazukileyo; 

Izikrini zeziphokozi ezonakeleyo; 

Izikrini zezihluzi ezonakeleyo; 

Iintanda, neendawo ezivuzayo nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwempompo; 

Imeko yombhobho, ngakumbi ubunkumnkum okanye iintanda; 

Imeko yevalvu, ukuchonga naziphi iindawo ezivuzayo ezinokubakho, okanye iindawo apho imitywino ikhululwe khona, kananjalo; 

Isakhiwo se-boom, esichonga naziphi iintanda mazilungiswe. 



Inyathelo 5: Ulondolozo 

Njengoko ngoku sesicocwe ngocoselelo isitshizi, usenokunqwenela ukususa iindawo zayo ezinokonala ngethuba lokugcinwa. 

Susa izihluzi uzihlambe ngesandla ngamanzi anesepha (khumbula ukunxiba iiglavu ezimelana nemichiza), zihlambulule ngamanzi uze mhlawumbi uzigcine okanye uzibuyisele kwisitshizi. 

Qwalasela ngohlobo olulodwa iziphokozi, iziqu zeziphokozi uqwalasele neevalvu. Intlenge yemichiza inokwakheka kwezi ndawo ize ibe lukhuni ebusika, ngokwenza njalo inciphise ukusebenza kwesitshizi kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo. 

Susa iincam zeziphokozi, izikrini, qwalasela iivalvu, iziciko neziqu zeziphokozi kwizicuku zeziqu zeziphokozi. Faka eplagini ngokuqaphela izicuku ezo. 

Coca uze uhlaziye iincam zeziphokozi, iziqu zeziphokozi uze uqwalasele iivalvu. Zigcine kwisiphathi esiphawuliweyo. Gcina iivalvu kubushushu begumbi ebusika ukuthintela umonakalo onokwenziwa ngamaqondo obushushu bomkhenkce. 

Susa zonke iigeyiji zoxinzelelo uze ufake iziciko kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zesitshizi. Gcina iigeyiji apho zingenakuba sesichengeni somkhenkce okanye somonakalo. 

Ekugqibeleni, jikelezisa isichasi-mkhenkce kwisitshizi, nakwsixokelelwano samanzi kubandakanywa ii-boom, iivalvu, imiphetho, iimitha zomqukuqelo, izivuseleli/imizila yokubuyelela. Vumela isichasi-mkhenkce ukujikeleza kwimibhobho ye-boom. Oku kuya kufaka umaleko kwiimaleko zombhobho ukuthintela ukoma nokucandeka. Ukufaka iziciko kuzo zonke iziphokozi ze-boom kuya kunceda ekuvumeleni isichasi-mkhenkce kwisixokelelwano, kodwa kunokufuneka ukuba uvule isiphokozi esinye okanye nangaphezu kwesinye ukuvumela isichasi-mkhenkce ukujikeleza kwi-boom iphelele. Vala ngeziciko ezo ziphokozi xa isichasi-mkhenkce sesizalise isixokelelwano ngokupheleleyo. 

Apho kujoliswe khona ngebakala lokugcina kukuba isichasi-mkhenkce sityhilizele ngaphandle amanzi aseleyo anokuba asekwisixokelelwano kunye nokufaka umaleko kuzo zonke iinxalenye zesitshizi. Vumela isichasi-mkhenkce ukuhlala kwimpompo nakwiivalvu ukuthintela ukurusa nokonakala okunokwenziwa ngumoya ofumileyo ovaleleka kwisixokelelwano. Njengoko abanye bezisusa phambi kolondolozo, ukufakwa kweevalvu ezivalayo kwicala ngalinye lempompo kunokuyiphumeza le nkqubo. 

Isichasi-mkhenkce esenzelwa izithuthi zokuzonwabisa (RV’s) sikholisa ukusetyenziselwa ukugcina izitshizi zezolimo. Sona asifani nesichasi-mkhenkce sezithuthi ezihamba ngokuzenzekela ubukhulu becala, asiyotyhefu kangako kwizilwanyana. Nangona iimveliso ezininzi zezichasi-mkhenkce ziqina njengejeli phantsi kweemeko ezibanda kakhulu, azifanelanga kuba ngumkhenkce. Nokuba kutheni, yiba soloko ufunda iileyibhile zezichasi-mkhenkce ukuqinisekisa ukuba siya kuwenza umsebenzi waso naphantsi kweemeko ezibandayo zasebusika. 

Njengoko ngoku sesicociwe isitshizi, sihlanjululwe kungcoliseko saza salungiselelwa ubusika, ngoko ke silungele ukugcinwa. Enyanisweni, ukugcinwa kwangaphakathi, kude nokuxhatshazwa zizinto ngezinto, kuko okukhethwayo. Kodwa nasiphi isiza sangaphakathi osikhethayo masibe kude nezichumiso ezingamanzi nezomileyo. Uthuli nentlenge ephuma kwezi mveliso inokudla ipeyinti neenxalenye ezenza isitshizi. 

Ukuba akunamnqweno wokusebenzisa indlela yokugcina ngesichasi-mkhenkce, sisenzo esilungileyo ukususa impompo yesitshizi ukuze igcinwe eshedini de kube lixesha elizayo lonyaka. Kaninzi, amanzi asala empompini kuthi ngeenyanga ezibandayo zasebusika; ajike abe ngumkhenkce amanzi asempompini andule ukwenza amathanda empompini – ngokwenza njalo ingabi namsebenzi.



Ukulondoloza izixhobo zesitshizi

Ulondolozo lwezixhobo zokufaka isitshabalalisi sezibulali-zityalo lubandakanya ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwetanki yesitshizi, impompo, imibhobho, izihluzi zemigca, igeyiji yoxinzelelo, izixhobo zokufakela, iincam zeziphokozi nezihluzi. Qwalasela isitshizi phambi nasemva kokugcinwa ithuba eloluliweyo, naphambi kokusebenzisa ngexesha ngalinye. Khumbula ukusoloko unxiba izixhobo zokukhusela ubuqu bakho xa usebenza ngezixhobo zesitshizi.



Iitanki zesitshizi: Iitanki zesitshizi zenziwe ngentsimbi engarusiyo zagqunywa ngesinyithi, iglasi yemicu okanye iplastikhi, kubandakanywa i-polyethylene okanye i-polypropylene. Le michako ayifunxi nto kangako, ngoko ke makungashiywa ntlenge yezitshabalalisi zezibulali-zityalo kuzo emva kokucocwa. Nangona kunjalo, iimaleko zetanki yeglasi yemicu, xa zikrwentshiwe, ziya kufunxa izitshabalalisi zezibulali-zityalo. Iintanda nokucebuka kumaleko we-epoxy kwiitanki ezigqunywe ngesinyithi mazikhandwe ngomchako we-epoxy; ngaphandle koko, isimbiwa esivelileyo sinokukhuhleka. Rhoqo ngamaxesha athile khangela iintanda ezitankini, irusi okanye ukukhuhleka okuya kwenza itanki buthathaka ukuze ekugqibeleni kuphuhle kube yindawo evuzayo. Qiniseka ukuba itanki yesitshizi ibotshelelwe kwisitshizi. 

Impompo nemitywino yempompo: Impompo nazo zonke iinxalenye zayo mazibe kwimeko elungileyo yokusebenza. Imitywino yempompo, iiringi ze-‘O’ okanye ii-washer ezisabukomityi zesikhumba okanye zento eyenziwe ngumntu zisenokoma de zibune xa isitshizi singasetyenziswanga kwithuba eloluliweyo okanye xa sigcinwe ngendlela engafanelekanga. Izinyibilikisi kwimixube ethile yezitshabalalisi zezibulali-zityalo zinako ukonakalisa imitywino yempompo, ukuze oko kubange iindawo ezivuzayo empompini okanye ukumpompa okunganelanga.

Imibhobho: Faka eminye imibhobho endaweni yaleyo inamathanda okanye evuzayo. Khumbula, imibhobho esetyenziselwa ukufaka izitshabalalisi zezibulali-zityalo ayinakuze isuswe ungcoliseko ngokugqibeleleyo. Kuya kusoloko kukho intsalela yesitshabalalisi sezibulali-zityalo esele kuyo. Leyo ikhutshiweyo kwaza kwafakwa eminye endaweni yayo mayilahlwe kakuhle kwaye ingaze iphinde isetyenziselwe nantoni kwakhona. 

Izihluzi zemigca kunye nezikrini: Zisebenzise qho izihluzi nezikrini xa izixhobo zisetyenziswa. Ezi zixhobo zibuhluza buphume tu ubutyobo nezinto ezingafunekiyo ezinokuhlohleka kwiziphokozi kuze oko kucuthe isakhono somsebenzi wesitshizi. 

Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lolwelo kwisixokelelwano sesitshizi lulandelwa ngoqwalaselo ngegeyiji yoxinzelelo. Igeyiji ilinganisa uxinzelelo lwesitshizi ngeziphokozi xa ibekwe phakathi kwesilawuli soxinzelelo neziphokozi zezitshizi. Njengesiphumo, inguquko kuxinzelelo inokuthetha isakhono sokungasebenzi kakuhle. Qiniseka ukuba iigeyiji zoxinzelelo zikwimeko yokusebenza efanelekileyo kwaye amaqondo emilinganiselo achanekile. 

Izixhobo ezifakelweyo nezixhakamfuli: Izifakelelo eziyekeyeke okanye ezineentanda zikholisa ukuba yintsusa yeendawo ezivuzayo. Qiniseka ukuba izifakelelo nezixhakamfuli zibambelele kakuhle phambi kokubeka isixokelelwano phantsi koxinzelelo naphambi kokumpompa ulwelo. Sakuba siphantsi koxinzelelo isixokelelwano, khangela iindawo ezivuzayo.

Iincam zeziphokozi nezihluzi: Qwalasela iziphokozi rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba azivingcekanga. Iziphokozi ezikrazukileyo zithetha ukuba mininzi imichiza etshizwayo kanti oko kubanga isimbo sokutshiza esingalungelelani kuzo zonke iindawo ngokunjalo iziphumo ezingalinganiyo. Imingxuma yeziphokozi nayo inokuguquka, ngakumbi xa kusoloko kusetyenziswa imixube edlayo, efana nemigubo enesakhono sokumanzisa. Ukuba umqukuqelo wesiphokozi ungaphantsi kunalowo ulindelekileyo, coca iziphokozi uze uzame kwakhona. Iziphokozi kusenokwenzeka ukuba zivingcekile. 





