Measure										Xhosa



Ukulinganisa kukwakha ulwazi



Instructions:

Folio strap: Ulawulo

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yakwaGrain SA yenkqubo yoPhuhliso

Kudala-dala, phambi kokuba ezolimo zibe lishishini lorhwebo elibalaseleyo, abalimi babengayenzi kangako imilinganiselo. 



Babesebenzisa umgquba emasimini abo – kangangoko banako, okanye kangangoko babenokuwusasaza phambi kokufika kwexesha lokuvuna. Babesebenzisa izilwanyana ukuze batsale ikhuba liye nzulu – njengehashe, idonki okanye inkabi yenkomo ibikwazi. Imbewu bebeyihlwayela ngesandla beyikha engxoweni ababeyiqhoboshela ecaleni kubo – bayisasaze kangangoko isandla sinokwenza. Ukhula babeluncothula ngesandla, betshabalalisa izibulali zezityalo nangayiphi indlela ababenokwenza ngayo kananjalo babevuna ngezandla – bengazi ncam nokuba zingaphi iihektare abazilimileyo, kwaye bengazi nokuba zingakanani iinkozo abazivunileyo. Inye kuphela into ababeyazi yayikukuba ingaba isivuno sabo siya kulingana na njengesondlo seentsapho zabo nesemfuyo yabo kunyaka ozayo. Khangela ke indlela eziguquke ngayo izinto ngoku…



Namhla kufuneka silinganise – kuba ngokuya silinganisa sibala, sifumana okuchaneke ngokuthe chatha ngokunjalo imeko siyilawula kakuhle ngaphezulu kumsebenzi wokufama. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngezinto ezithile thina mafama esifanele ukuzilinganisa. 



Intsimi

Kufuneka sibazi ubukhulu bamasimi esiza kuwalima. Zonke izibalo zezixa zamandla etrektara, i-diesel, imbewu, isichumiso nemichiza esiza kuyisebenzisa ngexesha lonyaka zisekwe kubukhulu bentsimi. 



Umhlaba 

Imihlaba ineeyantlukwano ezininzi kakhulu, malunga nobunzulu obufunekayo nangokwesimo. Kufuneka silwazi uhlobo nobunzulu bomhlaba kwintsimi nganye esiyilimayo – musa ukucinga ukuba imihlaba iyafana! Uhlobo kunye nobunzulu bomhlaba budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizigqibo ngesityalo esinokutyalwa – ezinye zezityalo azinakulinywa kwimihlaba engekho nzulu. Ukuba kuyenzeka ukuba kuthi kanti unemihlaba engekho nzulu, asiyontlekele leyo - oko kuthetha kuphela ukuba kuya kufuneka wenze isigqibo ngezityalo onokuzilimela inzuzo kuloo mhlaba (kungenjalo, amadlelo onokuwalima ukuze usebenzise amasimi angachumanga ngendlela ezisa inzuzo). 



Isimo sezondlo kunye nesobumuncu (pH) bomhlaba

Zonke izityalo zitsala izondlo emhlabeni ukuze zikhule ziphuhle. Eminye imibandela efana nemvula namanzi aqukuqela emhlabeni ineempembelelo kwizondlo ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Ngokuthatha iisampulu zomhlaba, umlimi uyakwazi ukuhlalutya isimo sezondlo ezisemhlabeni, ngokunjalo nesimo se-pH yomhlaba (lo ngumlinganiselo wobumuncu bomhlaba). Ukuba umhlaba umuncu kakhulu, nangona izondlo zisenokuba khona emhlabeni, azisayi kufumaneka kwizityalo. Ngaphandle kokwazi isimo somhlaba, asisayi kukwazi ukubala uhlobo nesixa sesichumiso esifunekayo sokuvelisa isityalo. 



Amaqondo obushushu

Zonke izityalo zinemida ethile yobushushu ezinokuyinyamezela. Kufuneka siwazi amaqondo obushushu angawona asezantsi nangawona aphezulu esinokuwalindela kunyaka uphelele, nethuba esinokulindela kulo iiqabaka zokuqala. Sakuba sifumene olu lwazi, siya kukwazi ukubona ukuba sesiphi isityalo esinokusilima, isityalo esingumhlanganisela esiwafanele kakhulu amaqondo ethu obushushu ngokunjalo nobude bexesha lethu lonyaka. (Khumbula ukuba ixesha lonyaka lokukhula lixesha elisuka ekutyalweni kwesityalo ukuya kwithuba lokuvuthwa kwesityalo – umhla weqabaka yokuqala elindelekileyo kummandla othile ubonisa ubude bexesha lonyaka lokukhula). 



Imvula

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba ingakanani imvula yonyaka yendawo yakho nokuba amathuba omileyo anokulindeleka nini. Sonke siyazi ukuba asinalulawulo phezu kwemvula, kodwa sinako ukusebenzisa ubalo lwamanani asisiqhelo ngezizathu zocwangciso. Namhla, iingqikelelo zemozulu zichaneka kakuhle kakhulu kananjalo amathuba aqubulisayo okoma namanzi aqikelelwa kwiinyanga ezingaphambi kokuba oko kwenzeke. – olu lwazi kufuneka ulusebenzise ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ukulinganisa imvula akunzimanga (izilinganiso zeplastikhi ziyafumaneka kwaye zinokusasazwa kuyo yonke indawo yefama yakho). Emva kwemvula nganye enileyo unako ukulinganisa ukuba ingakanani imvula enileyo uze uyibhale phantsi. Imilimitha nganye yemvula ewa emhlabeni ize iwumanzise nje kancinci – kufuneka uyilinganise imvula ukuze ube nengqikelelo yokuba ingaba umhlaba ufumene ukufuma ukufikelela phi. 



Amanani ezityalo

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutyala inani elichanekileyo lembewu ngehektare nganye ukuze ufumane inani elifanelekileyo lezityalo kwihektare nganye. Elona nani lifanelekileyo lezityalo ngehektare nganye liyahluka ngendawo nganye ngokunjalo nangemihlaba eyahlukahlukileyo kwindawo enye. Isizathu sokuqatshelwa kokubaluleka kwamanani ezityalo kukuba isityalo sifuna isixa esithile samanzi nezondlo ukuze sikwazi ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo – ukuba zimbalwa kakhulu izityalo isityalo ngasinye asinako ukuvelisa okwaneleyo ngesivuno esinqwenelekayo kanti ukuba izityalo zininzi kakhulu ziyakhuphisana zizodwa zifuna amanzi nezondlo kwaye azinakuvelisa isivuno esinqwenelekayo. Umfama kufuneka abazi ububanzi bemiqolo nokuba kufuneka imbewu iqelelane kangakanani emqolweni - oku ngumbandela obaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yezityalo eziziinkozo. 



Isantya sokufaka isichumiso

Izityalo zifuna izondlo ukuze zikhule kwaye zivelise izityalo eziziinkozo. Isixa sezondlo ezifunekayo salathwa sisivuno ekujoliswe kuso (isivuno esisiso umfama ajonge kuso kwintsimi ethile ngesityalo esithile). Iziphumo zesampulu yomhlaba ziya kunika isimo sangoku sezondlo ezisemhlabeni, kwaye ngokunxulumene noku, isixa sezondlo ekufuneka songeziwe sinokubalwa. Isichumiso siyimfuneko enkulu ukwenzela imveliso yesityalo, kodwa sikwalixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu, yiloo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukubala esona sixa sithe ncam sesichumiso esifunekayo ukuze ke ufake eso sixa ncam. 



Ukufakwa kwemichiza (ebulala izinambuzane kunye nokhula)

Nanku omnye umba ofuna umsebenzi wokulinganisa ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Yonke le michiza iza neengcebiso zesantya sokuyifaka. Oku kubalwa ngokuqaphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba umfama uyayiphumeza injongo yokutshiza ngaphandle kokonakalisa isityalo okanye imo engqongileyo. Isantya sokufaka imichiza sikholisa ukubandakanya isantya samanzi ekufuneka sisetyenziswe ngehektare nganye ngokunjalo – umzekelo, ilitha e-1 yomchiza kwiilitha ezingama-250 zamanzi ngehektare nganye (nako oku ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokulinganisa). Imichiza esetyenziswa kumsebenzi wokuvelisa izityalo iyingozi kwaye inexabiso eliphezulu ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba isetyenziswe ngokwamacebiso anikiweyo. Ukuphawulwa kwemilinganiselo kwisitshizi lelinye ikhonkco elibalulekileyo kwityathanga lomsebenzi wokuvelisa izityalo). 



Ukulinganiswa kwesivuno 

Emva kwawo wonke umsebenzi onzima uzuze isivuno esingakanani kwihektare nganye? Mninzi kakhulu umsebenzi ongathandekiyo ofunekayo ukuze kuveliswe isityalo kanti ekupheleni kwakho konke, kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ncam indlela obe nempumelelo ngayo. Uqale ngomhlaba – waza wawuhlakula umhlaba, waza ke ngoko wenza isigqibo ngesityalo oza kusityala, umhlanganisela oza kuwusebenzisa, isixa sesichumiso ofanele ukusifaka, imichiza oza kuyisebenzisa nesixa somchiza ngamnye – konke oku kuthathe ithuba, amandla kunye nemali eninzi. Kodwa ekugqibeleni uba nesityalo osivunayo nosithengisayo – kufuneka ubale ukuba ingaba itoni nganye ikunike iindleko ezingakanani ngokunjalo nengeniso oyifumeneyo ukuze ubone ukuba ingaba imizamo yakho ikunike inzuzo engakanani nokuba ayibanga khona na inzuzo. 



Kwinkqubo yethu yoPhuhliso lwamaFama, sidibana neqela lamafama angaqinisekanga ngobukhulu bamasimi abawatyalayo, uhlobo nobunzulu bomhlaba, isimo sezondlo zomhlaba, isichumiso abanenjongo yokusisebenzisa, inani lezityalo abalinqwenelayo okanye isixa semichiza abanesicwangciso sokuyifaka. Amafama kufuneka alinganise – alinganise intsimi, umhlaba, izondlo, imvula, amaqondo obushushu, inani lezityalo, isantya sokufaka isichumiso, ukufakwa kwezitshabalalisi zokhula nezinambuzane nesivuno. Ngale ndlela uya kuba usendleleni yokuba ngumfama ongumrhwebi. 





