UYILO LOKUPHAMBA LOLIMO LASEMZANTSI AFRIKA
Ishicilelwe yapapashwa liSebe loLimo
Iziqulatho
Uluhlu lwenkcazelo... i
Intshayelelo... 
Intshayelelo... 1
Umbono wezolimo eMzantsi Afrika... 3
Ubunyaniso obusetyenziswayo kwezolimo eMzantsi Afrika... 4
Imiphamba engundoqo... 7
Ukhuphiswano lelizwe jikelele nongeniselo... 11
Ulawulo lobutyebi obugciniweyo... 17
Imiphambo efezekisiweyo... 18
Ulawulo olulungileyo... 18
Uphuhliso lwamaphandle olumanyeneyo nolugciniweyo... 20
Intsebenziswano yezizwe... 22
Ukhuselo nokhuseleko... 23
Uluhlu lwenkcazelo
AGIS Izixokelelwano zolwazi lolimo ngokwejografi
Agri SA Ulimo eMzantsi Afrika
DA Isebe lolimo
ISRDS Umanyano nogcino lobuchule bokuphuhlisa amaphandle
LRAD Uphindo lwabiwo lomhlaba nenkqubo zokuphuhlisa ulimo
MAP Uyilo lokufumana kwakhona isigaba sexesha sewaka leminyaka e-Afrika*
NAFU Umanyano lwamafama esizwe sase-Afrika
NOCOC Ikomiti yokulungelelanisa esebenzayo yesizwe
OIE Umbutho wempilo wezilwanyana wezizwe
SADC Ibandla lophuhliso lwaMazantsi e-Afrika
SARS Inkonzo yengeniso yoMzantsi Afrika
SAPS Inkonzo yamapolisa oMzantsi Afrika
SANDF Umkhosi wokhuselo wesizwe woMzantsi Afrika
USAID Ishishini lomenzeli lamazwe amanyeneyo okuphuhlisa ezizwe
Icandelo loyilo lokuphamba ulimo lubaluleke ngokukhwencayo kuba yimveliso kaRhulumente namashishini. Ngenxa yoko, ndifuna ukucacisa umbulelo onyanisekileyo nokuxabisa uMongameli, uMnumzana Thabo Mbeki, kubunkokheli bakhe xa ebemema abameli boshishino bakwa-Agri-SA (bolimo eMzantsi Afrika) nomanyano lwamafama esizwe sase-Afrika(NAFU) ukuba bahlangane noRhulumente ekuzobeni ingqikelela-mgama wabo bonke abalimi apho uRhulumente noshishino beza kubophelela imizamo yabo nobutyebi ekuzalisekisweni kwayo.
Urhesho kolu thelelwano kukuba uRhulumente noshishino kungoku babelana ngengqikelela-mgama yabo bonke kwicandelo lemicimbi yokuphamba; bangakha uthelelwano kwisakhelo senkqubo sabo bonke; baza kwabelana ngomthwalo woGunyaziso loQoqosho lwabaMnyama bakhulise inzuzo zamashishini olimo ngexesha elinye; yaye ukususela ngoku kuye phambili kuza kubakho imiyalezo engundoqo yabo bonke ukunika uwonke wonke, icandelo, ilizwe lethu, ilizwekazi lase -Afrika nehlabathi.
Umbono womanyano, ongenabuhlanga necandelo lolimo olunempumelelo olusekwe kwinjongo zeziphamba ezithathu zendlela nokuthabatha inxaxheba, ukhuphiswano nenzuzo nokugcinwa kolawulo lobutyebi. Lo ngumbono omde oza kulandelwa phantse yonke lenkulungwane ukuzisa inkqubo entsha, enomahluko nengaphezulu yolimo kunale ikhoyo.
Icandelo elitsha elicingwayo liza kulungelelaniswa ukuba ludlale indima yalo kwimbali yokunikezela ngokutya nemveliso yolimo neenkonzo kwilizwe lethu, kwilizwekazi lethu nehlabathi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iSebe loLimo lichonge izenzo ezicetywayo ukuba uRhulumente ulindeleke ukuba enze, yaye ubandakanye ezo zinokusetyenziswa kuyilo lokuphamba lweminyaka emithathu ezayo. Isebe likwabandakanya kwa-ezi zenzo zicetywayo kuyilo lomsebenzi lequmrhu lonyaka walo ukususela ngo-2002 kuye phambili.
Kwinqanaba lobumbano kuRhulumente, iSebe lizibophelele yaye liza kuqhubekeka lizibophelela kumaSebe oLimo amaphondo nakwizinto ezikhoyo kulimo lukawonke wonke, ukwamkela icandelo loyilo lokuphamba njengesakhelo -senkqubo somgaqo -nkqubo ekuyileni uphambo olulolwabo noyilo lomsebenzi lequmrhu.
Kwinqanaba lasebuRhulumenteni lesizwe, iSebe libeke icandelo loyilo lophambo kuluhlu lwezinto eziza kuxoxwa yesixokelelwano yeqela lesigqeba sombuso ukuzuza inkxaso kwamanye amasebe ukuzalisekisa ngokuyimpumelelo uyilo. ISebe kwakhona liza kufuna isigqeba sombuso uxhase ubandakanye izenzo ezicetywayo kwiSakhelo -senkqubo sokuPhamba esiPhakathi seGama sikaRhulumente ngokubandakanya iSakhelo -senkqubo yeNkcitho esiPhakathi seGama.
Ngesi sithuba, iSebe liphinda liyenza indawo ephambili uqingqo -mali lwayo ngokunjalo ukuzuza imali ukunxibelelana necandelo loyilo lokuphamba elizweni, ibandakanya nePalamente, amaphondo, ooRhulumente basekhaya, amashishini ezolimo nemibutho yasekuhlaleni. Uze kuzokuthi ga ngoku, iSebe kuthembela koomahlulelane wayo ukuthabatha inxaxheba ikhokele kwiindawo ezizezayo.
Ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwiQela eliSebenzayo ngokuqinisekileyo yayingamava okutyetyiswa kwelungu ngalinye kula alandelayo:
Umbulelo wam wokugqibela uya kwiShishini loMenzeli lamaZwe aManyeneyo okuPhuhlisa eziZwe (USAID) ngokunikela ngemali ngobubele kulo msebenzi.
Ingxelo enenyameko
ULimo, olubandakanya yonke imisebenzi yoqoqosho ukusukela kumalungiselelo wezinto ezifakwa phakathi ekufamisheni, ukongeza ixabiso nasekufamisheni, kusashiyeka kulicandelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho loMzantsi Afrika nangona inesabelo esincinane esithe ngqo yemveliso ekrwada yasekhaya (GDP) xa iyonke.
ULimo lubonelela ngokutya nokwakhiwa ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ezisisiseko ezimbini zomntu, Ibe nempumelelo ekuhlangabezeni ezi mfuno ngokwanda kwemveliso xa abantu beli lizwe babe yingxenye yezigidi eziyi-4 ukujika kwenkulungwane ye-20 kwezi zigidi zingamashumi amane akhoyo ngoku. Abasebenzi basefama, amafama neentsapho zawo bancedisile kuqoqosho xa bebechitha imivuzo yabo ekusebenziseni izinto ezithengwayo neenkonzo, okanye xa bethenga izinto ezifakwa phakathi ukulungiselela imveliso kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo. Ngoluhlobo ulimo luba ngumqolo wokwanda nokuphuhlisa. Impembelelo yalo kuqoqosho ibonakaliswe zizantyalantyala zeemvula ezisandula kubakho ezonakalise iindawo zamaphondo elaseMntla nelaseMpumalanga ngeyomDumba ka-2000, xa isantya sokwanda kwe-GDP yelizwe kusehla ngepesenti enye.
Ii-akhawunti zokuqala zolimo ze-4,5% ze-GDP yoMzantsi Afrika xeshikweni indawo enkulu yomhlaba nokutya ii-akhawunti zintsokothile ngenye i-9%. Kuna malunga ne-50 000 ububanzi bamafama orhwebo ongamayo, kodwa engazikhethanga, ezitsalwe kubantu abamhlophe. Ngo-2000 bathumela kwelinye ilizwe kangange sigidi sezigidi ezilishumi elinesithandathu seeRanti samaxabiso emveliso, okanye phantse ipesenti ezilishumi zoMzantsi Afrika xa zizonke izinto ezithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe. Baqesha isigidi esinye sabasebenzi, okanye kangangepesenti ezilishumi elinanye xa zizonke zengqesho emiselekileyo yoMzantsi Afrika. Abasebenzi basefama abaninzi bahlala kwiifama zorhwebo yaye abantwana babo bafumana imfundo kwizikolo zasezifama. Iifama zorhwebo ngoko zinikezaimpiliso nezindlu kumalungu eentsapho ezingange zigidi ezithandathu zabaqeshwa abasigidi esinye banikeze neemfuno zabo zemfundo.
Kukwakho neefama ezincinane eziyi-240 000 ezinikeza impiliso kumalungu eentsapho ezingaphezu kwesigidi esinye nengqesho yethuba elithile kwabanye abantu abayi-500 000. Babonelela iimakethe zabemi nezemimandla apho amanani amakhulu abarhwebi abangamiselekanga lisenza ukuphila. Ngaphezu koko, kukho amafama azizigidi ezithathu athelekelelwayo, ikakhulu kwindawo zabo bonke wendawo ezazisa kuba ngamaphandle, abavelisa ukutya kuqala ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentsapho zawo.
Ekugqibeleni, imisebenzi evelisayo neyasekuhlaleni yedolophu zasezilalini namaziko enkonzo zijongiswe endaweni kwinkxaso yabo ekuqaleni ukulima nakwimisebenzi enxulumeneyo njengolimo- lokhenketho nokufuya izilwanyana. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samaphondo nakangangeepesenti ezingamashumi amane yoluntu luphela lelizwe, ngoko ke axhomekeke ikakhulu kulimo namashishini anxulumeneyo.
Ngenxa yale ndima imandundu yecandelo elibanzi lolimo, uMongameli uThabo Mbeki uyithathe njengokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba neentlanganiso rhoqo neqela elisebenzayo elivela kumalungu ombutho wolimo ukumisela iimfuno zecandelo nendawoeziphathelele kwimicimbi yesizwe. Ngexesha lenye yezintlanganiso ngeyoKwindla ngo-2001 uMongameli waxelelwa ukuba icandelo llakhathazwa yinyambalala yemigaqo- nkqubo nazinzima zeziko ezizinqandayo ukuba zisebenze ngokuzinikela ngokugcweleyo yaye ngoko ke incedisa okona kulunga kwinjongo zesizwe zokukhulisa, ukukhuphisana nobulunga. UMongameli ucele indima zabadlali abohlukeneyo ukuchonga uphambo olufana macala oluza kunika ugqaliselo olwaneleyo ukumanyanisa nokukhulisa icandelo. Uthe, lembono kwabelenwe ngayo fanele ibe neenjongo, imigaqo-nkqubo nezenzo ezinokukhokelela kukhuliso nophuhliso olululo ukulungiselela indima zabadlali bonke kwicandelo vii
Olu xwebhu lugqabaza ngoyilo lwecandelo lokuphamba lolimo loMzantsi Afrika luncedise ngokubhekiselele ngasekuphileni kwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika xa bebonke. Yayilwa kwinkqubo eyayicebisa ngoluhlu olubanzi lwabathelelani babehlulelani abangundoqo bokuphamba, ibizwa ngokuba luBumbano lwamaFama ase-Afrika eSizwe, uLimo laseMzantsi Afrika (Agri SA) neSebe loLimo.Uyilo lwecandelo lokuphamba lunoku kulandelayo njengeezinjongo:
Yakha imbono yabo bonke ukulungiselela abathelelani abangundoqo
Iyila izalisekise isakhelo senkqubo yokuphamba ukukhokela umgaqo-nkqubo nokuzalisekisa kwixa elizayo
Yenza intetho ngemicimbi etyhafisa umntu othembele ekuzaliseni imali nakulwakhiwo lokuqonda ngcono nakunxibelelwano olulungileyo ekuhlaleni
Qinisekisa ukwandiswa kwendlela nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwicandelo ngenkqubo nodweliso lwenkqubo zokugunyazisa ezilwe kakuhle.
Dibanisa,wabelane ube nethemba lobutyebi namancedo phakathi koomahlulelane
Khuthaza ukhuphiswano lelizwe jikelele, ukhuliso nongeniselo kwicandelo ukwenzela ukutsala umdla wokuzalisa imali ngokutsha
Qinisekisa uphuhliso olugcinakeleyo
Yakha uthelelwano olungapheliyo nabathelelani bakawonke wonke, babucala nabasekuhlaleni kunye neNGOs
Umbono wecandelo lolimo ngulo:
Icandelo lolimo elimanyeneyo nelinempumelelo
Lo mbono uquka uthabatho nxaxheba olunenzuzo olugciniweyo kuqoqosho lolimo eMzantsi Afrika ngabathelelani, benakana imfuno yokugcina wandise imveliso yorhwebo, ukwakha ukhuphiswano lezizwe nokuchaza imbali zamafa nemitsalane yabucala ethe iziphumo zayo zaba kwindlela nomelo olugoso.
Ukuxhasa imbono yolimo, ugqaliselo oluphakathi ukulungiselela ukuphamba luza kuba kwezinjongo zophambo zilandelayo:
Ukudala iindlela nothabatho nxaxheba olunobulungisa kukhuphiswano lezizwe, inzuzo nogcino kwicandelo lolimo luncedisa kubomi obungcono kubo bonke"
Umbono unika umfanekiso ocacileyo apho ulimo eMzantsi Afrika lufuna ukuba kwixesha elide. Esona sithintelo singundoqo kwimpumelelo yokuzalisekisa olu phambo lukhoyo kodwa lungekasetyenziswa yintlaninge yokuba nako elele ebantwini nakwizixhobo zobutyebi, nenzuzo ephantsi nokhuphiswano olunyanzela uthabatho nxaxheba ububanzi obugcweleyo bezinto ezikhoyo zabantu noqoqosho. Le ngxaki icacile kwinani leengxakana -ingxaki nganye inikeza imiceli mngeni yayo.
UNYANZELO LOKHUPHISWANO NENZUZO EPHANTSI
Imiboniso yeyokuba icandelo lolimo eMzantsi Afrika luphendula ngemo evumayo kumceli mngeni wokwandiswa kokhuphiswano. Nangona , kukwakho ubungqina ukuba amanye amacandelwana olimo nemisebenzi eyongeza ixabiso awakhuphisani kwimarike zasekuhlaleni nezamazwe. Oku kunezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amaxabiso aphezulu ezinto ezifakwe phakathi ezidityaniswe nemveliso ephantsi, imiphambo engemihlanga yoshishino nokungasebenzi kakuhle, nokuziqhelanisa norhwebo olungalunganga ngabo bakhuphisana nathi, njl-njl. Ukuswela ukhuphiswano nezizwe nako kukhokelela kwinzuzo ephantsi nangaphantsi kwezinto ezibuyiswayo eziqhelekileyo kwicandelo, neziphinda kwakhona zithembakale kuzaliso mali oluphantsi kumashishini athile. Le inokuba ngowona wona mceli mngeni ungundoqo ofuna ukucaciswa ukubeka ulimo kwindlela yokhuliso oluphezulu ecetywayo.
Ngenxa yelifa lokuthinta nokucalulwa kulimo laseMzantsi Afrika, umceli mngeni ngoku kukuphucula uthabatho nxaxheba kuwo onke amacala ecandelo siwakhulule kubekanye yaye kwemininzi imiqobo yamangenelo awo onke antsusa yawo ikwimbali isekukholelweni kabini. Umceli mngeni ikakhulu usekubeni kuchongwe uluhlu lweenkqubo eziza kukhuthaza imingeni emitsha -abamnyama nabamhlophe; abancinci nabadala; amadoda nabafazi; amashishini amancinane naphakathi ekungeneleni icandelo. Kubalulekile ukufumana iindlela zokuqinisekisa zonke eziyantlukwano zibalulekileyo ziviwa ngokuyinyani licandelo sizibone njenge zinto ezifanel'ukuba zikwindawo enye.
Ukuthembela kuzaliso mali oluphantsi kwezolimo lungenanto lwenziwa yimbuyiselo ephantsi kwakunye nokuqiniseka kunye noqoqosho oluphakathi olunzima neengxaki zasekuhlaleni zongquzulwano ekuzaliseni imali nemveliso efana negalelo lababulali bamafama, ukukhutshwa nokuhlala ngaphandle kwevume. Ukuthembela kokuzalisa imali kuyimfuneko ukuphumelelisa intlokomo nokukhula kwecandelo lolimo.
UKUNGONELI, UKUNGASEBENZI KAKUHLE NENKXASO ENGENASIPHUMO KUNYE NEZIXOKELELWANO ZOKUHAMBISA
Ukusalela kokuhambisa nokuzalisekisa uluhlu olubanzi lwemilinganiselo, imimiselo noluhlu lweenkqubo kwakunye nezixokelelwano zokuxhasa okungonelanga kukaRhulumente -zonke zinobunzima ukuqinisekisa kokusingqongileyo okuncedayo kwezolimo -kwenza elona xhala nomceli mngeni kuwo onke amashishini omenzeli karhulumente axhasa icandelo lolimo. Iimbonakalo ezincedisa kule ngxaki kukuqhekezwa kweenkonzo ezithile,ubutyebi obungenelanga, ulawulo olungaqinanga nokumela kwakunye nezigqibo ezithobekileyo zabalawuli nokusoloko kumane kulityaziswa ixesha elide ukuthatha izigqibo.
UKUTHOBEKA NOKUNGACINGWA KOLAWULO LOBUTYEBI BENDALO
Umhlaba ongasetyenziswayo onokubakho phezulu naphakathi awuxhaphakanga eMzantsi Afrika, yaye kukho unyino ekwandisweni ukuthi tyaba kwemveliso yezolimo. Ukongeza, amaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza neenkonzo ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ocingwayo awonelisi. Uluhlu lweenkqubo zikaRhulumente (o.k.t. Ukhathalelo-mhlaba noSebenzela aManzi) zijonge ekukhuseleni isiseko sobutyebi
Obuphumelelayo kodwa bungasebenzi kakuhle. Ukuthotywa komhlaba kushiyeka kuyingxaki kwimihlaba elungileyo nengenamsebenzi. Ukwandiswa koxinezelelo kwezolimo ukwandisa imveliso kwiyunithi nganye yomhlaba, ngumceli mngeni ongundoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ayenzeki ukonakalisa umhlaba wesiseko sobutyebi bethu bendalo.
Ekuchazeni imiceli mingeni nasekuphumeleleni injongo, uyilo lophambo luza kuba nezinto ezintathu eziphakathi zophambo, ukutsho oko:
Ikhulisa indlela yobulungisa nothabatho nxaxheba kwicandelo lolimo
Iphucula ukhuphiswano nenzuzo elizweni jikelele
Iqinisekisa ukucingwa kolawulo lobutyebi
Ezinye izinto eziphakathi zophambo ziyancomeka yaye ziza kuncedisela ngasekubumbeni nasekubuyiseleni ukuzithemba kulimo. Xa ngaba unale nto engqondweni, Oluphambo lufunekayo lokuxhasa noluncedayo luyalandela, ethi ingqumle kwizinto eziphakathi kophambo, zichongiwe:
Ulawulo olulungileyo
Uphuhliso lwamaphandle olumanyeneyo nolucingiweyo
Ulwazi nokungenisa izinto ezintsha
Uthelelwano lezizwe
Ezi zincomo zenjongo zophambo zibalulekile kuba zinikeza ukusekwa okunzima ngaphandle kokuba injongo yophambo yokukhuphisana, ukubandakanya nolimo olucingiweyo alunakuqondwa. Bakwa gxininisa uxhomekeko lecandelo kuxhaso lwamanye amasebe namashishini angamaqela kaRhulumente.
Umbono wecandelo lolimo olumanyeneyo nolunempumelelo lufuna omahlulelane ukuba babe noyilo olusebenzayo, imiqondiso engundoqo esebenzayo, amanqanaba enkonzo yothutho, ukongamela nokuvavanya izixokelelwano namaxesha ezakhelo ukwenzela siqonde iinjongo zecandelo lokuyila lokuphamba. Ikwafuna ukuba uRhulumente enze izinto ngokwahlukileyo -ngokukhawuleza okukhulu okudibene nokugxama athelelane namafama, amashishini olimo, i-NGO namanye amasebe kaRhulumente.
Inkcukacha zoyilo lokusebenza lolu yilo lokuphamba luza kuveliswa ngabo bonke abo bathelelani abazityhole ngokwabo ngemfanelo yokuzalisekisa. Izintoni ezicaciswe kolu xwebhu zizakhelo zenkqubo yophambo, uluhlu lweenkqubo eziphambili, ilungu elidibeneyo lokuzalisekisa namalungiselelo kubahlali -uwonke wonke -abathelelanisi babucala. Ukuya ekugqibeleni, abathelelani abakhokeleyo, ukutsho oko iSebe loLimo, uLimo eMzantsi Afrika (Agri -SA) neNAFU -aza kuzinzisa ikomiti esisigxina. Imizamo isendleleni ukuba babandakanye umsebenzi oqondakalayo, ii-NGO, imibutho esekelezelwe ekuhlaleni nemibutho yamanye amazwe.
Njengenqanaba lokuqala ukuhambisa uyilo lokuphamba kufutshane nozalisekiso, abathelelani abaphambayo bachonge uluhlu lweenkqubo eziphambili ezilandelayo neentshukumo:
Ukuzalisekisa uphamboolusekwe banzi lokhuseleko nokhuselo olulungele ukusebenza nozinzo lwasekuhlaleni, intembeko nokuthembela
Ukukhuthaza imbono eyabiweyo kulimo, ulawulo olulungileyo nothelelwano lasekuhlaleni
Ukukhawulezi ufumane uluhlu lwenkqubo yolabiwo lomhlaba kuphuhliso lolimo neenkqubo zokugunyazisa amaqela ekujoliswe kuwo
Ukuguqula uphengululo lolimo, ukutshintsha kolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele, imfundo nokwandiswa ukwenzela lube loluphendulayo ngakumbi kwiimarike
Ukuphinda kuchazwe igunya lemarike zolimo norhwebo lezizwe emva xesha lebhodi yolawulo ngokuchasene nokhuphiswano lelizwe jikelele ngokubanzi nemfuno zendlela zemarike, amaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza nolwazi
Ukwakha amanani aqokelelweyo olimo oluthembekileyo nokucacisaizixokelelwano zoqoqosho eziza kufumaneka kuwo onke amafama namashishini
Ukuzinzisa isixokelelwano seenkonzo zemali kwilali ezimanyeneyo ezichazwa yiNgxelo yeKhomishoni kaStrauss
Ukuphuhlisa ingozi yolawulo yesixokelelwano esebenzayo nemanyeneyo kwizixokelelwano zempilo yezityalo nezilwanyana, ixabiso nezixokelelwano zengeniso nentlekele zendalo
Ukujolisa ekuzaliseni imali kwindibano-malungu yophuhliso lwasezilalini ukunikeza impiliso, amaziko akhoyo ukuze ube nokusebenza, unkcenkceshelo, umbane,unxibelelwano ngeemfonomfono, uqeqesho nobuchule bophuhliso
Ukuzinzisa uluhlu lwenkqubo yokusebenzisana yolimo kwi-Afrika ukukhokela inyathelo lokuqala le- Afrika eNtsha kwezolimo
Ukuthoba ixabiso lemveliso xa lilonke, lubandakanye noncitshiso kwiirhafu nemisebenzi kwidizile nakwezinye izinto ezifakwa phakathi.
Kuyo yonke lento indima exabisekileyo yecandelo labucala ekuphumeleleni iinjongo zothabatho nxaxheba, ukukhuphisana nogcino inakaniwe. Ngoko ke, yonke into iza kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa intsebenziswano engaphaya nokulungelelanisa phakathi kukaRhulumente necandelo labucala -kuqukwa amafama, imibutho yamafama namashishini olimo -ukwenzela kuphunyelelwe umbono omtsha womanyano nempumelelo kwicandelo lolimo.
Ezi ziphumo zilandelayo zilindeleke kwimpumelelo yomsebenzi wezinjongo zokuphamba:
Ukwandisa ulakhiwo lobutyebi kwezolimo nakwindawo ezisezilalini
Ukwandisa ugcino lengqesho kwezolimo
Ukwandisa imivuzo nokwandisa kwemivuzo yotshintshiselwano yelinye ilizwe
Ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu nokungalingani emhlabeni nasekubeni neshishini
Ukuphucula inkuthalo ekulimeni nasekufuyeni
Ukuphucula isizwe nokhuseleko lokutya endlwini
Ukuzinza nokukhuseleka kwabahlali ezilalini, unciphise amanqanaba obundlobongela nobugebenga, ucinge ngophuhliso lasezilalini
Ukuphucula ithemba lomzalisa ngemali nekhaya ngokubanzi kwakunye nozaliso ngemali lelinye ilizwe kwimisebenzi yolimo nakwindawo zasezilalini
Iqhayiya nesidima kulimo njengomsebenzi necandelo
Abathelelani bayazibophelela ngokwabo ukunikeza ixesha elifunekayo nemali kwakunye nezixhobo zobutyebi ukubona kwimpumelelo yokuzalisekisa uyilo lokuphamba. Kukho ukuqonda okucacileyo nokuxabisa ukuba isihloko esitsha siza kuvulwa sivulelwa ulimo eMzantsi Afrika, kummandlana we-SADC nakwilizwekazi i -Afrika.
UMPHATHISWA: ULIMO NEMICIMBI YOMHLABA
Intshayelelo
Kwintetho yakhe yeSizwe yasebuRhulumenteni ngomhla we-9 kweyoMdumba 2001, uMongameli Thabo Mbeki ubonise ukuba xa ulingano nozinzo lwaluphunyelelwa kwinqanaba lendawo yonke, isantya sokukhula koqoqosho sasisephantsi kakhulu. Entethweni yakhe uMongameli ubhengeze uyilo lokwenza uku:
Ukuhambisela ezoqoqosho kwindlela ephezulu yokukhula
Ukwandisa ukhuphiswano nenkuthalo
Ukukhulisa amanqanaba engqesho
UMongameli ubonise ukuba ezi njongo zingaphunyelelwa ngcono xa zinokuthathelwa ingqalelo eyodwa phakathi keSakhelo-senkqubo yokuYila kaRhulumente eManyeneyo ukuya kumacandelo oqoqosho abonisa ukuba nacho okuphezulu kukhuliso nasekwakheni amathuba emisebenzi. Ukhankanye ulimo, ezamandla, ukhenketho, namashishini enkcubeko, namanye amacandelo okuthumela ngaphandle (kubandakanywa nenkqubo yolwazi ngomhlaba), nolwazi nonxibelelwano ngemfonomfono namashishini.
Icandelo lolimo, luchazwa njengayo yonke imisebenzi enxulumene nezinto ezifakwa phakathi kulungiselelo lolimo, ukulima nokufuya kwakunye nenkqubo nolwabiwo lemisebenzi eyongeza ixabiso kwimveliso zokulima nokufuya, nangona ubuncinane bolwabelwano olungqalileyo luphela lwemveliso ekrwada yasekhaya lusyiyeka kulicandelo elibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho loMzantsi Afrika (GDP).
Inikeza ababini kwimfuno zoluntu, ukutsho oko ukutya nokwakhiwa, yaye inoqoqosho olomeleleyo namakhonkco engqesho namanye amacandelo oqoqosho, ngokunikela kakhulu kukhuliso loqoqosho.Ibe nempumelelo ekuhlanganiseni ezi mfuno ngokwandisa imveliso xa abemi beli lizwe babe zizigidi nje ezine xa kwakujika inkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunamashumi amane ezigidi kungoku nje. Kungoko ke ingumqolo wokukhula nophuhliso eMzantsi Afrika kuba inikeza isiseko esomeleleyo nenkxaso kwamanye amacandelo oqoqosho. Impembelelo yayo kuqoqosho isoloko iboniswa zizikhukhula zakutsha nje ezonakalise iindawo zePhondo laseMntla naseMpumalanga ngeyoMdumba ka-2000, xa isantya sokula kwe-GDP sisehla kangange pesenti enye.
Ulimo olusekuqaleni, olunemveliso phakathi kwemida yamasango efama, lwenza ingxelo engaphantsi kweepesenti ezintlanu ze-GDP yoMzantsi Afrika. Ukuntsokotha kokutya kolimo, okunemveliso esekuqaleni kunye nezinto ezifakwa phakathi kunye namacandelo enkqubo zolimo, zinika ingxelo kangangepesenti ezilishumi elinesine ze-GDP. Kukhona kangange 50 000 yamafama orhwebo ongamayo, kodwa enganqabanga , ekhutshwa kuluntu olumhlophe. Ngo-2000 bathumele kangangamashumi amathandathu esigidi sezigidi seranti samaxabiso emveliso, okanye phantse neshumi leepesenti lezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle xa zizonke zaseMzantsi Afrika. Baqesha kangange sigidi sabasebenzi, ntoleyo ethetha ukuba kangangeshumi elinanye leepesenti lecandelo elililo lokuqeshwa kwilizwe liphela. Abaninzi kwaba basebenzi bahlala kwifama zorhwebo nabantwana babo bazuza imfundo kwizikolo zasezifama. Zifama zorhwebo ezinikeza impiliso nezindlu kumalungu osapho angange zigidi ezithandathu kwaba baqeshwa basisigidi bebanikeza neemfuno zabo kwezemfundo.
Kukwakho namafama amancinci ayi-240 000 anikeza impiliso kumalungu osapho ngaphezu kwesigidi esinye, nabaqeshwa bethuba elithile kubantu abayi-500 000. La mafama abonelela imarike zasekuhlaleni nezemimandla apho amanani amakhulu abarhwebi abangekho mthethweni bephila ngako. Ukuhambela phambili, izigidi ezithathu ezithelekelelweyo zezindlu zamafama ahlaliswe ikakhulu kwindawo zabo bonke zendawo ezazisa kuba ngamaphandle, avelisa kakhulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zosapho ezizezabo ziphela. Ekugqibeleni, phantse zonke imveliso nemisebenzi yasekuhlaleni yedolophu zasezilalini namaziko enkonzo axhomekeke kulimo lokuqala nemisebenzi enxulumeneyo. Le nto ibandakanya ukwandiswa kokwaziwa nokubaluleka koqoqosho kukhenketho lolimo nakwimisebenzi yokufuya izilwanyana zasendle. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samaphondo kangangeepesenti ezingamashumi amane zoluntu luphela belizwe baxhomekeke kulimo ikakhulu nakumashishini anxulumeneyo.
Olu yilo lokuphamba liphuhliswe liSebe loLimo, yi-Agri SA ne-NAFU ngesicelo sikaMongameli ukuguqula isimo sokusingqongileyo sibe ziinjongo, imigaqo-nkqubo nezenzo eziza kukhokelela kukhuliso nasekuphuhliseni kwabo bonke abadlali abanendima kwicandelo. Esi sicelo ibisisiphumo ngqo sentlanganiso saBongameli beqela lokusebenza lolimo ngeyoKwindla ngo-2001, apho uMongameli wacela umngeni kubathelelanisi ukuchonga uphambo oluxhaphakileyo oluza kugqalisela kumanyano nokukhula kwecandelo.
Inani loomahlulelani bokuphamba belusoloko lubandakanywa kuphuhliso nasekuzalisekiseni uyilo lokuphamba lecandelo. Ezi zibandakanya uRhulumente, amafama, amashishini olimo, imibutho yenkonzo zolimo, abasebenzi abalungiselelweyo, imibutho esekelwe ekuhlaleni nemibutho yangaphandle. Zonke ezi ngabadlali abanendima ebaluleke kakhulu nabaxumi boyilo lokuphamba oluyilelwe ukusebenzela umxumi wokugqibela, abantu baseMzantsi Afrika ukuphumeza injongo yobomi obungcono babo bonke.
Nangona ukugweba kwimpumelelo yolimo, umcimbi wokulungelelanisa umsebenzi wawu ngachazwanga wodwa exwebhini kuba uninzi lwalo micimbi yachazwa kule isandula ukugqitya "Imbono exhaphakileyo kumsebenzi wasefama". Imicimbi koluxwebhu yenza indawo ephakathi yokuzalisekisa olu yilo lokuphamba lecandelo.
Inkqubo yokuphuhlisa uYilo lokuPhamba belusandulelwa linani lamaxwebhu kaRhulumente nazezinye iziphambo. Zonke ezi zinto zenze isakhelo senkqubo esinokusetyenziswa phakathi apho uphambo lwecandelo lolimo lumilileyo yaye lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
Inyathelo lokuqala le-Afrika eNtsha ( ebisakuba luYilo lokuFumana kwakhona iSigaba sexesha sewaka leminyaka eAfrika) apho iinkokheli zase-Afrika zithembise ngombono wabo bonke nowomelezayo nogweba ngokufanayo ekwatshabalalisa ubuhlwempu ubeke amazwe abo endleleni ecingwa ngokukhulisa nokuphuhlisa
UPhambo oluManyeneyo oluCingwayo ukuPhuhlisa amaPhandle ngoyilo olunenyameko ukutshintsha iphandle elinguMzantsi Afrika lube kwimeko yoqoqosho luzinze entlalweni nakwicandelo elifanelekileyo elenza umnikelo obalulekileyo kwi-GDP yesizwe
Ukuphinda kwbiwe umhlaba kusenzelwa uluhlu lwenkqubo zokuPhuhlisa uLimo [LRAD], uluhlwana lwenkqubo yoluhlu lwenkqubo yokwabiwa kwakhona komhlaba. Uluhlu lwenkqubo luyilelwe ukunikeza ngamancedo avunyiweyo kubahlali ebebe soloko behlelelekile eMzantsi Afrika babenelungelo emhlabeni ngokukodwa kwinjongo zokufuya nokulima.
Umbono nomgaqo wokuziphatha wobudlelwane basemsebenzini kwezolimo" oyilwe lulimo olulungiselelweyo, iimanyano zabasebenzi neSebe lezemiSebenzi. Ulwabelwano olufanayo lwembono ekubunjweni ngokutsha komhlaba kungoku nje kukwinkqubo yokuba luyilwe.
ISakhelo senkqubo yokuYila kaRhulumente oManyeneyo
Iphepha lengcaciso-nkqubo lika-1995 kwezoLimo noXwebhu leNgxoxo lika-1998 kuMgaqo-nkqubo wezoLimo.
Kwicandelo elilandelayo umbono wecandelo lezolimo uyaphuhliswa yaye ucaciswe.
Icandelo lesithathu kamva livelisa ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kungokunje kwicandelo, elincedisayo ekuchongeni kwicandelo lesine, kwimiceli mingeni ekuphumeleliseni umbono. Imiceli mingeni yecandelo ikhokelela ekuphambeni kathathu okuphakathi, ekuxoxwa ngokucacisa ngeenkcukacha kwicandelo lesihlanu. Ezi ziphambo zithathu ziphakathi azinakho ukusebenza zodwa, yaye zixhomekeke kwiziphambo ezihlanu ezifezekeisayo ezixoxwe kwicandelo lesithandathu, ezithi ngenene zenze isiseko sokuphumelela injongo yophambo. Icandelo lesixhenxe lixoxa "ukuba njani" koyilo lokuphamba ngokucacisa ukubaluleka koluhlu wenkqubo zokuqala nolwakhiwo nenkqubo yokuzalisekisa.
Umbono wolimo eMzantsi Afrika
Imeko nemiceli mingeni enikwe nguMongameli kunye neziseko sezindululo namancedo wesizwe soMzantsi Afrika omtsha ayalela umbono wecandelo lezolimo. Lo mbono ngu:
Icandelo lolimo elimanyeneyo nelinempumelelo
Lo mbono ucacisa icandelo elimanyeneyo elincedwe sisakhelo senkqubo somgaqo nkqubo wendlela eyenziwa ngayo emanyeneyo yokuyila ukoyisa ububini bemvelo nokwenza elona likhulu ekuncediseni icandelo ekukhuleni nakuphuhliso loqoqosho.
Umbono uquka ixabiso lokuthabatha inxaxheba elicingiweyo kuqoqosho lolimo loMzantsi Afrika ngobubanzi bezinto ezikhoyo zoqoqosho, ukuyithathela ingqalelo ezeleyo yokubaluleka kwemveliso yorhwebo oluqhubekekayo kunye nobunyani beembali zamafa nemitsalane yabucala ebangele ubugoso endleleni nasekubonisweni. Umbono uyakuvuma ukungafani kwecandelo neenjongo zokuqinisekisa indawo nendima yawo onke amafama kwicandelo elimanyeneyo. Ugqaliselo olunjalo luthatyathwa ngokuthe ngqo kuphuhliso olukhoyo lukarhulumente wesizwe soMzantsi Afrika yaye luza kwakha umtsalane bucala ukuhlalisa nokunika amandla onke amaqela esi sizwe sahlukeneyo ngokweembali, ukutsho oko, ncinci, phakathi namashishini amakhulu namaqela abenganakwanga ngokwembali [kubhekiselelwe kubuhlanga, isini, neentlobo zolutsha].
Ukuxhasa umbono wezolimo, ugqaliselo oluphakathi wecandelo lokuyila uphambo luza kugqalisela kwezinjongo zokuphamba zilandelayo:
Ukukhulisa indlela enobulungisa nentatho nxaxheba kukhuphiswano lehlabathi, kwinzuzo necandelo lolimo eligciniweyo kubomi obungcono babo bonke"
Le njongo yoluphambo iza kukhokelela bonke omahlulelane abanxulumene nasekuhlaleni kwizicelo zabo zokuhambisa uluhlu lweziphambo neenkqubo zoluhlu. Ezi nkqubo zoluhlu ziza kukhuliswa zizalisekiswe ngokungqinelana nezi ziseko sezindululo silandelayo kunye neengxelo ezixabisekileyo:
Ukuvuzwa ngokulungileyo kwinzame, ingozi nasekwenzeni inguqulelo
Ukhuseleko lwengqesho yangoku neyabaxhasi bexesha elizayo
Indlela enobulungisa kubutyebi nakwiimeko zemveliso
Ukugcinwa kokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo nobebhayoloji
Uphengululo oluvakalayo, inzululwazi, ulwazi nezixokelelwano zolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele
Iimarike zinyanzelisa ukungqalisa imisebenzi yamashishini nolwabiwo lobutyebi
Isakhelo senkqubo esimiswe kakuhle esicacileyo neenkonzo zikaRhulumente ezisebenzayo
Umgaqo-nkqubo ongaguquguqukiyo nonokuba nokuxelwa kwangaphambili
Oomahlulelane abanokuphendula phakathi kwecandelo labucala nelikawonke wonke ekwenziweni komgaqo-nkqubo nokuhanjiswa kwenkonzo.
Iziphumo ezilandelayo zilindeleke ukuba zivele ukusukela kumsebenzi onempumelelo weenjongo zokuphamba:
Ukwandiswa kolwakhiwo lobutyebi bezolimo neendawo ezisemaphandleni
Ukwandiswa kogcino lengqesho
Ukwandiswa kwemivuzo nokwandiswa kwemivuzo yotshintshiselwano nelinye ilizwe
Uncitshiso lobuhlwempu nokungalingani emhlabeni nobunini beshishini
Ukuphucula inkuthalo yokufuya nokulima
Ukuphucula isizwe nokukhusela ukutya endlini
Ukuzinza nokukhusela amabandla asemaphandleni, ukunciphisa amanqanaba obundlobongela nobugebenga, nophuhliso lwamaphandle olugciniweyo
Ukuphucula ithemba lomntu ozalisa imali elikhokelela kulwandiso lwasekhaya nokuzalisa imali yelinye ilizwe kwimisebenzi yezolimo nakwindawo zasemaphandleni.
Iqhayiya nesidima kwezolimo njengomsebenzi necandelo
Ubunyani obukhoyo bezolimo eMzantsi Afrika
UMzantsi Afrika uphawulwe ngamanqanaba aphezulu obuhlwempu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni apho malunga namashumi asixhenxe eepesenti yabantu abahluphekileyo eMzantsi Afrika bahlala khona. Imivuzo yabo iyanyanzelwa kuba uqoqosho lwasemaphandleni aluzelanga ludlamko ngokwanelisayo ukubanikeza imisebenzi eyamkelisayo okanye amathuba okuba baziqashe ngokwabo.
Kukhona izizathu ezinnzi kulemeko yale micimbi. Kodwa uninzi lwazo lusuka kwimigaqo-nkqubo ezalisekiswe kwixesha eladlulayo. Nangona iimeko zendalo ezinjengeyantlukwano kwimozulu ziyaqapheleka njengengozi nezinto ezikhoyo zexabiso ekulimeni nasekufuyeni, imigaqo-nkqubo engalungelelaniswanga neziphumo ezingafunwanga zemigaqo-nkqubo ebikhona kwixesha eladlulayo enikele kukhuliso lokona kulungana nakuzaliso mali kwicandelo ngokunjalo. Ukuba iindawo ezisemaphandleni bezinesiseko esingaxhasa imivuzo emikhulu nenkcitho mandla, uqoqosho lwasemaphandleni belunokomelela, lukhule lwakhe amathuba amaninzi omvuzo nokuziqesha ngokwabo. Ngoko ke, ingaxoxisa ukuba kuba uqoqosho loMzantsi Afrika lulandele uphuhliso olwahlukileyo, olusebenza nzulu, olubandakanyayo nolungenamkhethe nendlela yokuhlalisana eyadlulayo, ubuhlwempu basemaphandleni bebungenakude bube luphawu olutyhutyhayo lwentlalo yethu yangoku noqoqosho.
Uqoqosho jikelele lukhula ngokutshintsha umntu nenkunzi yobutyebi ngaphandle kwamacandelo aqalayo [ulimo, nokomba umgodi], kuqala kwicandelo loshishino ize kamva kwicandelo leenkonzo. Oku kwakho kusoloko ilityala eMzantsi Afrika, apho uguqulo loshishino lwakudala selulungele ukuba sendleleni. Kanti kukho ubungqina bokuba kule nkqubo amacandelo aqalayo [njengolimo] nokuba leliphi aliphumelelanga ukufikelela ukuba nako ngokugcweleyo okanye lukwenzile oko ngendlela ebaxayo ekhokelele kumanani amakhulu abantu abazifumana bekhutshelwe ecaleni kumancedo okwenza ilungelwe kumaxesha angoku.
Urhwebo lolimo eMzantsi Afrika lulandele eyona ndlela yenkunzi-yokhuliso olunzulu, xeshikweni ubutyebi bolimo obubalulekileyo [komntu nezixhobo] zihleli zingasetyenziswa okanye isetyenziswe nganeno kwiindawo ezazingamaphandle ngoko. Zombini ezi zenzeko zosulele oku kubanakho kwenzuzo-engenayo yoluntu lwasemaphandleni. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba nako ukurhweba kwamafama aMnyama kwakucinezelekile, kuqala ngokungabandakanywa kwimarike zomhlaba zorhwebo ize emva koko kuba urhwebo lunokuphila kumhlaba ongowakho wokufuya nokulima kwakungaqinisekwanga ngawo kwiindawo ezasisakuba ngamaphandle. Amathuba engqesho kurhwebo lolimo ayesakuba yaye nangoku anyinwe ngokubanzi kubasebenzi abangenabuchule abafumana imivuzo ephantsi, nabfumana isabelo esikhulu sengqesho xa iyonke kurhwebo lolimo njengoko ilolwamaxesha onyaka yaye ngokwendalo yawo ikokwexeshana kuphela. Ngaphezulu nangaphezu koko, le ndlela ikhulayo inentsingiselo yokuba ukuba semantla omlambo [izinto ezifakwa phakathi kwindibano zabarhwebi abaqhuba amashishini] nabasezantsi [abaqhubekekisi zinkqubo zokutya nomcu] kwamashishini anxulumene kulimo oluthintela ukukhula, ngoko ke lohluthela abantu basemaphandleni amathuba oqoqosho.
Ezi meko bezithembekile ngokubanzi ukudala ububini obungaphaya nokungalingani kwezolimo. Obu bubini budale ubumpondo-mbini 'kuthi' na 'kubo' phakathi kwbathathi nxaxheba zaze zabangela indlela yokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo nenkonzo yokuhambisa egqalisela kulimo olubini ngaphandle kokuba lube licandelo elinye olumanyeneyo -olunye lwamafama orhwebo nolunye olunokubizwa 'amafama asahlumayo'. Ngoko ke, kukho ukusalela okugqibeleleyo kwento efumaneka kubo bonke ('thina/thina/yethu') umbono nokuqonda kulimo namanakanibe okuba kunye nokuba ngamalungu. Eli candelo lokuyila lokuphamba lifuna ukuphelisa le yantlukwano nalendlela yenzakalisayo.
Ukusukela ngo-1990, iinkqubo eziliqela zithabathe indawo ukubuyisela umva iyantlukwano yowiso-mthetho iphucule intatho nxaxheba, xeshikweni ngaxeshanye ezinye iziqalo eziliqela zizalisekisiwe ukungalawuleki nokukhulwa kwecandelo kwingqinga. Ezinye zezi zenzo zibe neziphumo ezizizo xeshikweni ezinye zibe neziphumo ezingenanjongo. Undoqo wokutshintshwa komgaqo-nkqubo kolu nanzo ubandakanya:
Ukungalawuleki kwemarike zemveliso yolimo
Utshintsho kwimpatho mali yolimo, kubandakanywa ukupheliswa kwamanye amalungelo erhafu avumelana necandelo
Ubuyiselo ngokutsha lomgaqo-nkqubo yezorhwebo, ebandakanya uluhlu lwerhafu zamafama kwimpahla zorhwebo nokukhululwa jikelele korhwebo lolimo lubandakanya izigqibo zorhwebo olukhululekileyo
Ukusetyenziswa kowiso-mthetho labasebenzi kwicandelo lolimo.
Olu tshintsho lube neziphumo ezikhulu ezikhokelela kumgangatho ophakathi ukwandisa imveliso nakukhuphiswano lolimo olubanzi, nangona amafama amaninzi abuye anokwenzakaliswa zizinto ezimbi zelizwe jikelele, ukuguquguquka kweemeko zemozulu, ukwenziwa kwendawo zamatyala zibe mandundu zibe mandundu ngoko rhwebo. Oku kunye nomsebenzi omtsha, amanzi nowiso-mthetho lokubuyiselwa ngokutsha komhlaba, kukhokelela kwimbono ezigoso ngokuphathelelene nenjongo zolu wiso-mthetho, ziphakamisa izinto ezilindelweyo zomsebenzi, neengxelo zikawonke wonke ngamaqela axinenezikeleyo ohlukeneyo, ancedise ekungaphendulini kakuhle phakathi korhwebo lamafama nakuncitshiso kwinani labaqeshwa abaqeshwe okusigxina ezifama.
Inkqubo ekhawulezileyo yokungalawulwa kakuhle neyokukhululwa kwingqinga kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo ikwavelise isikhundla esinyiniweyo samafama amaninzi ukulungisa kumgaqo-nkqubo notshintsho lwemarike. Ukuphuhla ngakumbi kukhuphiswano lamazwe jikelele kube nesiphumo esingesihlanga kukhuphiswano lwabo, lubangela amafama amaninzi alushiye ushishino. Koku ukhuphiswano olongeziweyo noqoqosho oluvulekileyo, izixokelelwano ezincinane zokuba ngumfama nazo aziphumeleli okanye zifumana ubunzima ukuba zibe yinxalenye yentsingiselo eyintloko yolimo.
Nangona inani leenzima neendawo eziyingxaki zinqanda icandelo lolimo ekusebenzeni kangangoko linakho, yindawo eyiyo kuphela emfanekisweni. Kukho imiboniso elungileyo ebonisa ukuba amanye amafama enza kakuhle phantsi kwezi meko zikhoyo. Ikwacacile into yokuba kukho isiseko esilungileyo noluvo olulungileyo nentumekelelo phakathi kwamafama, amashishini oshishino lolimo norhulumente ukuzama imiceli mngeni elandelayo iyitshintshe ibe ngamathuba.
Ukusukela kwingxoxo zangaphambili kungakuko ukuchonga iingxaki ezingundoqo nemiceli mngeni kwicandelo. Owona mceli mngeni ungundoqo wolimo eMzantsi Afrika kukungavaleli ukuba nako kokunikwa kwento engekasetyenziswa ekubaniniyo kunye nenzuzo ephantsi nokhuphiswano olwenza unyanzelo lothatho nxaxheba kuluntu ngokubanzi nakwizinto ezifakwa kuqoqosho. Le ngxaki iboniswa kwinani lee ngxakana ezimbalwa -inye inikeza imiceli mngeni yayo.
UKUNYANZELWA KOKHUPHISWANO NENZUZO EPHANTSI ELIZWENI JIKELELE
Imiqondiso yeyokuba icandelo lolimo eMzantsi Afrika liphendula ngokuqinisekileyo kwimiceli mngeni yokwandiswa kokhuphiswano. Kanti ke, inkqubela-phambili ishiyeka ikhethekile, yaye kukho ubungqina bokuba amanye amacandelwana olimo nemisebenzi eyongeza ixabiso awakhuphisani kwimarike zasekuhlaleni nezezizwe. Le nto ibangelwa ziimeko ezinjengezinto ezifakwa phakathi kumaxabiso aphezulu edityaniswe nemveliso ephantsi, okona kulunga kungephi kophambo lweshishini nokungabinampumelelo, nokungalungi kokuziqhelanisa norhwebo. Ukusilela kokhuphiswano lezizwe nalo lukhokelela kuzaliso mali oluphantsi kumacandelwana athile. Mhlawumbi lo ngowona mceli mngeni ungundoqo ofuna ukucaciswa ukubeka ulimo kwingcinga zokukhulisa nokuphuhlisa indlela.
Unikiwe ilifa lokuzikhetha nokuzicalula, umceli mngeni kungoku nje uza kuvulela izakhono nolwakhiwo lwamandla abantu liphucule intatho nxaxheba yabo kuwo onke amacala amacandelo akhululeke kube kanye nako konke kwemiqobo yengeniso ezininzi ezimile kwimbali yayo yobubini. Umceli mngeni kukuchonga uluhlu lwenkqubo ukukhuthaza abangeni abatsha: abamnyama nabamhlophe; abancinci nabadala; amadoda nabafazi; amashishini amancinci naphakathi ngokomlinganiselo, ukungena kwicandelo. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukufumana iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba onke lamaziko onyulo ohlukeneyo ecandelo aziva ngenyani yaye azibona efanel'ukuba ngawento ekhoyo enye.
Uthembelo kuzaliso mali olubhetyebhetye kwezolimo lubangelwa yimbuyekezo ephantsi exeliweyo kunye nokugqibelela noqoqosho oluqinileyo phakathi nokungqubana kwentlalo kuzaliso mali nakwimveliso njengababulali bamafama, ukukhutshwa nokuhlaliswa ngokungekho mthethweni. Ukongeza kukho imibono engalunganga yolimo, icaphukisa imeko. Uthembelo kuzaliso mali luyafuneka ukuphumelelisa icandelo lolimo olungcangcazelayo nolusakhulayo.
UKUNGONELI, UKUNGASEBENZI KAKUHLE NENKXASO ENGENASIPHUMO KUNYE NEZIXOKELELWANO ZOKUHAMBISA
Le nkangeleko yenye yeendawo eziyingxaki ebalulekileyo eziphawula iimeko nganye ezichaziweyo. Ububhetyebhetye bokuhambisa nokuzalisekisa koluhlu olubanzi lokulinganisa kukaRhulumente, imimiselo nezintlu zenkqubo kunye nezixokelelwano ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwinkxaso - zonke phofu zimandundu ukuqinisekisa ukunceda okusingqongileyo kusenzelwa ulimo -iyeyona nto ithathelwe ingqalelo nengumceli mngeni kuzo zonke izinto ezifakwayo zikaRhulumente ezixhasa icandelo lolimo. Iinjongo ezincedisa kule ngxaki kukuqhekeka kweenkonzo ezithile, ukungoneli kobutyebi, ukuba bhetyebhetye kolawulo nokumela kwakunye nezigqibo zabaphathi ezithobekileyo nokusoloko kuthathwa ixesha elide ukuthabatha izigqibo.
UKUTHOBEKA NOKUCINGWA KOLAWULO LOBUTYEBI BENDALO
Umhlaba ongasetyenziswanga onokuba nakho olungileyo unqabilile eMzantsi Afrika, yaye kukho unyino kulwandiso oluthe tyaba kwimveliso yolimo. Ukongeza, amaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ubenako ukusebenza neenkonzo ukuxhasa usetyenziso lomhlaba olucingiweyo, awonelanga. Izintlu zenkqubo zikaRhulumente zijolise ekukhuseleni isiseko sobutyebi (o.k.t Ukhathalelo-Mhlaba nokusebenzela amanzi) zinempumelelo kodwa azonelanga. Ukuthotywa komhlaba kushiyeka kuyingxaki kwimihlaba elungileyo nengenamsebenzi. Kulandiso loxinezelelo kwezolimo kukhulisa imveliso kwiyunithi nganye yomhlaba, ngowona mceli mngeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ayenzeki de yonakalise isiseko sobutyebi bethu bendalo.
Imiphamba engundoqo
Imiceli mngeni ichonge imfuno yokucaciswa ngokungxamiseke kakhulu ukwenzela icandelo lolimo libe nakho ukushenxa kubukho bayo bangoku liye kwinjongo yophambo "yendlela yobulungisa nothatho nxaxheba kukhuphiswano lelizwe jikelele, inzuzo necandelo lolimo elicingwayo elincedisa kubomi obungcono kumntu wonke" Le njongo funeka iphunyelelwe luyilo lokuphamba lulimo loMzantsi Afrika lune zizinto ziphambili zintathu zifunekayo, zibizwa ngokuba: indlela yobulungisa nothatho nxaxheba, ukhuphiswano lezizwe jikelele nenzuzo kunye nolawulo lobutyebi olucingwayo.
Iinjongo zolu phambo kukukhulisa indlela yobulungisa nothatho nxaxheba kumathuba olimo; ukuphelisa ubuhlanga emhlabeni nobunini mashishini; nokuvulela ukuba nako korhwebo oluzeleyo kwicandelo. Ugqaliselo lwayo izakuba sekubuyiselweni komhlaba ngokutsha, ukundulula inkxaso yeepakethe yemingeni emitsha ekufuyeni nasekulimeni, umahlulelane nokuphuhliswa kwecandelo.
Olu phambo licacisa imbali yobubini neenkqubo zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, yaye ikhuthaza intatho nxaxheba eqhubekekayo yabo selebe yinxalenye yecandelo. Ikwaphuhlisa uphuhliso lwembono ekwabelenwe ngayo nophambo oluqhelekileyo lolimo olubandakanyiweyo nolwahlukeneyo oluza kugquma ububanzi xa bubonke bamashishini nobungakanani befama, ukusukela kweyona incinane ukuya kweyona inkulu. URhulumente kule nyewe uza kuzinzisa isakhelo -senkubo elungiselela oomahlulelane ukuzalisekisa olu phambo lungundoqo. Ubungqina bomahlulelane obuqinileyo obulungileyo nokunika uncedo okukhulayo phakathi korhwebo lwamafama olukhoyo nemingeni emitsha liza kukhuthazwa.
Inkxaso egciniweyo kwicandelo liya kuqinisekiswa kuphela ukuba sichitha imbono engalunganga yolimo njengoko iphawulwe yinzuzo ephantsi, ukuba netyala, iingxaki zokhuseleko, inxalabo yabathengi ngokhuseleko lokutya, imicimbi esemthethweni notshintsho olucothayo -ngoko ke, necandelo apho abantu bengenathemba naqhayiya. Ukufuya nokulima sisoloko sisetyenziswa njalo njengengcinga njengoko silawulwa ngamadoda amaBhulu ngoluvo olubaxiweyo lokusongela, bengenamsebenzi yaye bengawakhathaleli amafama akhoyo nalindelweyo. Okunye ukufuya nokulima okusoloko kusetyenziswa njalo njengengcinga kukuba abantu abamnyama abanako okanye akufanelekanga babe zizinto eziphezulu ngaphandle kokuba babe kwiklasi yasekuhlaleni yamafama aphila ngobuhlwempu. Ezi mbono zichasana kuphela xa ngaba iimbono eziphakathi nezingolimo ziyatshintsha ziphinde zisuswe yingqiqo ezele ludlamko, enempumelelo nemele ulimo ekwacacisa okusingqongileyo nokhuseleko lokutya okunxulunyaniswe ngabathengi.
Ukunyusela abangeni abatsha kwicandelo lolimo, ugqaliselo liza kufuneka lube sekuqalweni kogunyaziso loqoqosho: kubantu abamnyama, abafazi, kwabalimeleyo nakubantwana bazo zonke iintlanga. Inkqubo yokunceda abamnyama baseMzantsi Afrika ukuba baphumelele kurhwebo lokulima nokufuya nakumashishini olimo liza kufuna imizamo eyilwe kakuhle nekujoliswe kuyo unyusa inqanaba nokuzisa abameli abanliqela kwahlulwe icandelo. Ngaphaya koko, inikwe ingqwalasela ukuba abantwana bazo zonke iintlanga banekamva yaye funeka bakhuthazwe bazibandakanye nemisebenzi yezolimo. Le mizamo iza kuyilwa ukuvelisa icandelo lolimo lenziwe lingabi yinto enye yaye libe licandelo lolimo elisebenzayo kakhulu, elizakunikeza amandla okuqhubela phambili ekukhuliseni uqoqosho lasemaphandleni ngaphandle kokohlwaya urhwebo olukhoyo lwamafama.
UKUBUYISELWA NGOKUTSHA KOMHLABA
Njengenqanaba lokuqala, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana ngobuchule nokubuyiselwa ngokutsha komhlaba ukuqinisekisa uzinzo emaphandleni nengqiniseko yemarike. Inkqubo yokugunyazisa uqoqosho kulimo eMzantsi Afrika iqala ngokuphucula ilungelo emhlabeni nokugunyazisa ukhuselo kumalungelo engqesho ebantwini nakwiindawo apho ezi zinto zingekho.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana kakuhle nokubuyiselwa ngokutsha komhlaba kuba zonke iindlela zokubanelungelo lomhlaba ezinjengembuyekezo, ukuphinda kwabiwe nembuyiselo yengqesho fanele zinikwe ingqalelo eyaneleyo. Ezi nkqubo ziza kubandakanywa, kodwa aziz'kuba lugqaliselo kwelicandelo loyilo lokuphamba, labasebenzisi bomhlaba bengenanjongo zolimo njenge zindlu, njl-njl
Ukulandela inkqubo ecothayo ezalisekisa ulwabiwo lomhlaba kwakhona kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva ko-1994, uluhlu lwenkqubo luphinde lwayilwa. Uluhlu lwenkqubo ezintsha zophindo lwabiwo lomhlaba nenkqubo zokuphuhlisa ulimo (LRAD) ziphinde zayilwa ukwandisa uluhlu lwezilinganiso zokuxhasa eziyakubakho kubahlali ebebesoloko bengajongelwe nto baseMzantsi Afrika kuqala babe nelungelo emhlabeni ingakumbi ngenjongo zolimo. Inika amandla kwizimvo zorhwebo oluncedisa uphindo lwabiwo lomhlaba kwasekuqaleni koluhlu lwenkqubo yembuyekezo ngokutsha komhlaba. Amava ezizwe abonise ukuba izintlu zeenkqubo ezisekelwe kwimarike zikaRhulumente ezilawula ukuphinda kwabiwe umhlaba zidla ngokusebenza ngcono kune zintlu zeenkqubo ezisetyenziswa kuphela licandelo likawonke wonke. Uluhlu lwenkqubo oluphindw lwayilwa linakho ukukhawulezisa uhambiso lomhlaba, kuba luluhlu lwenkqubo emanyeneyo nelula yaye luqhutywa ngabantu abafuna uncedo abanokuwusebenzisa ngeendlela ezithambileyo ngekwenjongo zabo kwanobutyebi.
URhulumente uzibophelele ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yolu luhlu lwenkqubo nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba abantu ababodwa abavela kumaqela ahlelelekileyo afumana ilungelo emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza nangendlela eyiyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba usetyenziswe uvelisa. Oku kuyakuqhubeka kuphela ukuba ezinye iinkonzo ezixhasayo kwakunye nezintlu zenkqubo zoqeqesho ziyanikezwa. Kungoko ke, kusaziswa ukuba ubuyiselo ngokutsha komhlaba nokuhlaliswa komfama alunakuthatha ndawo esithubeni nje yaye futhi ukuba amasebe amaphondo ezolimo nawasekuhlaleni karhulumente funeka edlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni abantu abafuna uncedo. Oku kuza kufuna ukuba umlinganiselo weengxaki zephondo nooRhulumente basekuhlaleni bayicacise njengenyewe engxamisekileyo.
Onke amacebo alungileyo ukukhusela ukukhawuleza nokucingwa kobuyiselo ngokutsha komhlaba funeka elandelwe. Oku kuza kufuna ukuba selungelweni lokuba nomhlaba kawonke wonke wolimo njengendawo yakhe yokuqala yokugqalisela ingqalelo. Ezi ziza kufezekiswa yimilinganiselo enjengolungiselelo lolwabelwano lobulungisa , ulimo nofuyo olufinyeziweyo, ulimo nofuyo olurhafelwayo, ukubuyiselwa kwengqesho kwiindawo zabo bonke nasekufunweni komhlaba wabucala.
Ngenxeni yokuba uninzi lwabantu abahlwempuzekileyo emaphandleni ahlala ekwafuya alime kwiindawo ezizezabo bonke, imicimbi yokhuseleko lwengqesho funeka lukhawuleziswe lwacaciswa. Kuyingqiqo ukunikela ngenkuthazo ephucukileyo nangamathuba okuzalisa imali kwezi ndawo. Yaye futhi kuba le yinyewe ebuthathaka, inkqubo efanelekileyo eqhubekekayo nesithethe sabasemagunyeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo yale nkqubo iza kusetyenziswa. Le iza kukhatshwa kukuvuselelwa kwamalungiselelo okunkcenkceshela kwindawo ezazisakuba ngamaphandle azimeleyo nokutshintshwa kwabalawuli bazo nobunini zinikwe amafama namabandla aqinisekisiweyo.
Nangona ubuyiselo ngokutsha komhlaba kuyindawo yengqiqo yokuphuma ekuqinisekiseni isiseko esibanzi sothatho nxaxheba kwintsingiselo eyintloko kulimo, inani leenkonzo zokuxhasa zifuna ukucaciselwa ngaxesha linye ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yelungelo neyokugunyaziswa ziyimpumelelo yaye ziyacingwa.
IINKONZO ZOKUXHASA
Xa amaziko amandla amaninzi nemali esetyenzisiwe ekunikeleni ilungelo emhlabeni kwimingeni emitsha ukufuya nokulima kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo, inyameko encinane inikwe izintlu zeenkqubo zokuxhasa umfama. De kube namhla, ukuhlaliswa emhlabeni kwakudala kuxhasa ukuthathwa kwenxaxheba kwizintlu zeenkqubo zokubuyisela ngokutsha umhlaba ezilungiselelwe kwisiseko esithile, ngesiphumo sokuba ungquzulwano lwalo beluyinxalenye iyeyona ilungileyo. Ngaxeshanye, iinkonzo zokuxhasa kumafama kwiindawo ezasisakuba ngamaphandle anazo zonke kodwa sele aphelelwa.
Kukho imiceli mngeni emibini ngokuphathelele kwiinkonzo zokuxhasa uhlaliso emhlabeni lwakudala. Okokuqala, ukuba amafama amatsha agunyaziswa ukuba adlale indima eyakhayo kuphuhliso lolimo, kuyimfuneko ukuba babe nelungelo kwiinkonzo zokuxhasa. Kanti amava avela e-Afrika abonise ukuba oku akufanelekanga kwenziwe kulungiselelwe injongo ethile nakwisiseko sokucalulana.Uphengululo nalo lubonise ukuba iinkonzo zokuxhasa kwigcuntswana lamafama asemancinci naphakathi fanele lingohlulwa kulawo anikezwa kakhulu kushishino lamafama. Ngoko ke, umceli mngeni wokuqala kukuphucula nokwandisa iinkonzo zokuxhasa ezikhoyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zawo onke amafama. Le nto ibandakanya ukuqhubekeka koluhlu lwemisebenzi eqhubekekayo njengokomeleza inkonzo zokuhambisa amaziko ophengululo, iinkonzo zemali, ilungelo lemarike nophuhliso, uqeqesho nophuhliso lobuchule kunye namaSebe amaPhondo ezoLimo.
Umceli mngeni wesibini kukunikeza inkxaso kumafama amatsha ekujoliswe kuwo. Amanyathelo okuqala amathathu angundoqo aza kwamkelwa kule ntlonelo:
Ulungiselelo lokuxhasa indawo yokuhlala kudala kumafama ancedakala kwimbuyekezo yobuyiselo ngokutsha kwemihlaba, ukuphindwa yabiwe nokubuyiselwa ngokutsha kwengqesho. Uhlaliwo lwemihlaba kudala kude kube ngoku lufuna intsebenziswano engcono kuqala phakathi kweSebe loLimo neMicimbi yezeMihlaba, phakathi kwezwelonke nooRhulumente bamaPhondo, kwakunye nabasemagunyeni ekuhlaleni nemibutho yamafama namashishini olimo.
Ukuchongwa kwamafama amatsha kumaqela ngokwembali ayesakujongelwa phantsi afumene ilungelo emhlabeni ngokuwuthenga bucala, ukuwurhafa, imiyolelo njl-njl. Iimfuno zokuvavanya ukuzinzisa iimfuno zabo ngokwamalungelo kwiinkonzo zokuxhasa ezizakuqhutywa, neendawo ngokwejografi neentlobo zenkonzo apho iimfuno zabo zizezona zinkulu kuza kujongwa kuzo ukulungiselela inkonzo zokuxhasa khethekileyo.
Ukuqalisa ukwenza inguqulelo yezintlu zenkqubo zophuhliso usenzela amafama kumhlaba wawo onke. Ugxinisiso luyakuba sekusombululeni iindawo ezinegxaki nakumanqanaba ukuncedisa la mafama ukuba abe ngabavelisi abanempumelelo kwixesha elifutshane. Oku kuza kufuna ilungelo kwimarike, uqeqesho, ubuyiselo ngokutsha kwingqesho, amaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza neenkonzo zokuxhasa ekujongwe kuzo. Izintlu zenkqubo ngokusebenzisana nemibutho yempahla zorhwebo, amashishini olimo nomanyano lwamashishini iza kuqalwa ukunika inkuthazo elungileyo ukuqinisekisa intatho nxaxheba yawo.
Abathelelanisi abazintloko kwicandelo fanele bazinikele ekugqaliseleni ingqalelo yabo kwezi zintlu zenkqubo zokuxhasa amafama ukwakha ubuthina/ thina/ wethu obubandakanyiweyo ukuziihelaniseni ulimo, phakathi kwabanye, ngokuphucula izintlu zenkqubo zomahlulelane, ngokomsebenzi wemihlangano yophambo nendibano zakunye kwezi ndawo zizodwa zilandelayo:
Ukuphucula ilungelo lemarike nokususwa kwemiqobo yemarike kubangeni abatsha
Ukwandisa utshintsho kulwazi ngobugcisa jikelele kumafama amatsha ngokusebenzisa amaziko enkxaso kumanqanaba asekuhlaleni
Ukuzalisekisa uyilo lophuhliso lobutyebi bomntu, olubandakanya uphuhliso lwabarhwebi abaselula neenkqubo zexeshana zabacebisi
Ukuphuculwa kwelungelo ibe luluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo zemali emaphandleni agqithe uluhlu lwenkqubo noyilo oluzama ukufumana abantu abafuna uncedo oanye ingcebiso kunokuba balindele abo Bantu ukuba beze bacele uncedo nokusebenza kwamaziko ezemali emaphandleni
Ukuphucula ugqaliselo, intsebenziswano nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamaziko kaRhulumente, ulimo olulungiselelweyo, imibutho engengomibutho kaRhulumente namadlelana abemi besixeko abandakanywe nezintlu zenkqubo zophuhliso zamafama kwindawo zembutho kwilizwe lonke, nakwinqanaba lamaphondo nasekuhlaleni. Iindawo zembutho ezinjalo zingasetyenziswa ukuchonga iimfuno neezintlu zenkqubo ezifaneelkileyo ezifanele ukufumana uhoyo kuqala, ukuxoxwa zisombulule iindawo ezizingxaki ngezintlu zenkqubo ezikhoyo, zihlole imfuno ukwenzela inkuthazo nomahlulelane babucala bakawonke wonke ukuphucula ukuba nokuphila kwezintlu zenkqubo nokwenza izinto ezifakwa phakathi ngembeko kwimigaqo -nkqubo nakwizixhobo zomgaqo -nkqubo .
Ukuphucula ukuba nako nokusebenza kokwandiswa kwabaqeshwa kwicandelo labucala nakwiSebe lezoLimo lamaPhondo.
Ukwandiswa kothatho nxaxheba kwezolimo kuza kuxhaswa zizintlu zenkqubo ukuncedisa abangeni abatsha nokufuya nokulima kwamaziko akhoyo asebenzayo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza. Imizekelo iquka ukuxhaswa kokubiyelwa, amatanki ediphu, iikhonto, imisebenzi yolondolozo lomhlaba, ukunikeza imali kuthengiso lwemihlambi nemingxuma yezitsala -manzi.
Isenzo esiqokeleleneyo singqinelana nendlela yokuqiqisa ngendlela ezininzi ukugunyazisa amafama. Ngokusebenza kunye, amafama achonga iimfuno zamalungu aqinise iimbango zawo, ingqokelela yamandla oqoqosho abo nokucacisa imbangi zokungaphumeleli kwabo kwimarike. URhulumente uza kuxhasa imibutho yamafama ukwakha umbilini wawo nokuphuhlisa iindlela zokunxibelelana kwangaphakathi. Kule nyewe umahlulelane owomeleleyo phakathi kwe-NAFU ne-Agri SA uza kukhuthazwa njengengqwelo enamandla ukugunyazisa onke amafama.
Iimanyano zamashishini olimo eMzantsi Afrika lulakhiwo olubalulekileyo ukuxhasa amafama amatsha. Iimanyano zamashishini ezikhoyo zingadlala indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu, kodwa uzinziso lweemanyano zamashishini kumabandla asemaphandleni ahlwempuzekileyo fanele nawo akhuthazwe. Imizamo ekuqalwe ngayo kule nyewe ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yemikhwa esesikweni yobuhlwempu nenqobo ezisemgangathweni phakathi kwamalungu nabalawuli kananjalo ngenxa yokuswela ingqondo yokulawula nobuchule, ibangela ubuhlwempu bokuziqhelanisa kumashishini. Imilinganiselo emitsha ukuqalisa uphuhliso lweemanyano zamashishini ngokwakhana ngenqobo ezisemgangathweni nokuthembeka kwemilinganiselo yenkxaso mali ezakuthatyathwa.
Kukho ukuswela jikelele kumaziko akhoyo khon'ukuze umbuso usebenze kwiindawo ezazisakuba ngamaphandle azimeleyo, ekubeni izimemo zisiba ninzi ukuphucula nokugcina kwiindawo ezazisakuba ngamaphandle abamhlophe. Oku kunesiphumo sokwenza ezindawo kungabikho khuphiswano. Ukwenzela ukukwazi ukuchaza oku kungalingani kwamaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso usebenze nezi zimemo ukuphucula amalungiselelo enkonzo, amaSebe oLimo amaPhondo namagunya asekuhlaleni azakucelwa ukuba aphinde abone izithuba kumaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso usebenze nokuqinisekisa ukuba uludwe olulungeleleneyo luyanikezwa kuYilo loPhuhliso olumanyeneyo kusenzelwa uphuhliso lwamaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso usebenze. Oku kuza kubandakanya ukuba kunikelwe ingqalelo kwiidolophu zasemaphandleni nakumaziko enkonzo. ULimo luza kubandakanywa koluqgaliselo lokuchongwa okokuqala kwendibano -malungu zasekuhlaleni.
Ufuyo nokulima kwelixesha langoku lutshintshile ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho. Amafama asebenzisa ulinganiso lwendleko zoqoqosho njengokutshintsha, ukwandisa nokongeza ixabiso njengeendlela ukuchaza ukwehla kwengeniso yomahluko phakathi kwexabiso lokuthenga nelokuthengisa. Ezi ziphambo zidla ngokuquka utshintsho lube kwimisebenzi emikhulu. Ukutshintsha kwendalo yokufuya nokulima ikwathetha ukuba kukho ukungathandabuzeki kwesithintelo songeniso kwabaninzi abaqala ukungena abanganakho ukufuya nokulima. Ukucacisa le miceli mngeni yoqoqosho, imilinganiselo emitsha yokwenza inguqulelo iza kuyilwa ukuyenza ibe nokufikelela ebantwini khon'ukuze bangenele ushishino phantsi kweemeko ezikhoyo.
Nangona iindima eziliqela ziphawulelwe uRhulumente kwilungelo nophambo lothatho nxaxheba, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba icandelo labucala -liquka ushishino lolimo, amafama, umanyano lwamashishini,imibutho yamafama -linendawo ebaluleke kakhuluekufuneka liyidlale ekukhuthazeni ugunyaziso nothatho nxaxheba. Kungoku nje ingxamisekile yaye iyafuneka kuba icandelo labucala lithathele phezulu lo mceli mngeni wokugunyazisa nokuphucula ubulungisa. Inkuthazo iza kuphuhliswa ukuqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka kwecandelo labucala kuphuhliso lolimo nakwiinkqubo zogunyaziso.
Injongo yoluphambo kukwandisa ingeniso ngokuthi kugcinwe ukhuphiswano lelizwe jikelele kwicandelo lolimo oluthi lubonelelwe ngezinto ezifakwa ngaphakathi, imveliso yokuqala, inkqubo zokulima, namashishini okhenketho lolimo. Iimeko ezintandathu zimisela zakhe okusingqongileyo apho icandelo likhuphisanayo liphucule ulwakhiwo loncedo lokhuphiswano. Ezi zezi:
Iimeko zezinto ezinesiphumo
Iimeko eziyimfuneko
Uluvo lukaRhulumente nomgaqo -nkqubo
Indima yethuba
Imeko nganye kwezi kungoku nje ichaziwe ngemisebenzi ethile yokuphamba ukuphucula ukhuphiswano kumashishini.
IIMEKO ZEZINTO EZINESIPHUMO
Iimeko zezinto ezinesiphumo zibhekiselele kwimeko zemveliso, ukufumaneka nempawu zobutyebi bendalo, inqanaba lamaxabiso ezinto ezifakwa phakathi ezinjengokusebenza, idizile, amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, izixhobo, ulwazi namaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza. Ezi meko ziyimfuneko kwicandelo ukwenzela ukhuphiswano nokuzuza kwilizwe jikelele.
Izifundo zakutsha nje zibonise ukuba iimeko zezinto ezinesiphumo eMzantsi Afrika zinyanzela ukhuphiswano kwezolimo nakwicandelo lenkqubo zolimo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule nyewe ngamaxabiso ezinto ezifakwa phakathi, imveliso yesiseko sobutyebi bendalo, ixabiso nempawu zabasebenzi abangena buchule, impawu zabasebenzi abanobuchule, iimpawu zolawulo ezimanyana nokuqesha nokulawula umsebenzi, impawu zamaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso usebenze, ixabiso lemali nexabiso nokufumaneka kolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele.
Xa uthelekisa neemveliso zenkozo ezinkulu zehlabathi ezinjenge-US, i -EU, i -Argentina neBrazil, uMzantsi Afrika unomhlaba onokubanakho osezantsi, owomileyo nonemozulu eguquguqukayo, kunye nokuxabisa okuphezulu koqoqosho. Ezi meko zenza kube nzima kakhulu kulimo laseMzantsi Afrika ukukhuphisana nala mazwe. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela babenokukhuphisana, amalungelo okuthenga agqutyiweyokumafama ekungabikhoni kwenkxaso yombuso iza kuba nokusebenza ngakumbi inciphise amaxabiso emveliso ingakumbi ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifakwa phakathi kambalwa zisebenze ngakumbi.
Amafama amaninzi namashishini olimo aphumelele ekuzalisekiseni izintlu zenkqubo zokuqoqosha, ukuthoba amaxabiso, ukuphucula ulawulo lomsebenzi nokusebenzisa amaxabiso njengelungu lophambo ukunciphisa imveliso yamaxabiso. Kanti, oku kunikeza kuphela inxalenye nempendulo zexeshana kumafama amaninzi amancinci naphakathi ngobukhulu nemigudu yamashishini olimo . Izintlu zenkqubo zikaRhulumente ezingquzulanayo ekuthobeni amaxabiso xa ewonke emveliso ngako oko ayafuneka ukwenzela abe lilungu elibalulekileyo lophambo lokukhuphisana.
Ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo zizibaso, uthutho namaxabiso emali. Amaxabiso othutho aphenjelelwa ikakhulu kukungalingani nokuhlwempuzeka kolawulo lothutho kumaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza. Imizekelo yezi zinto ibandakanya ukungafumaneki kwamakhareji ukuthutha izambuku, ukuswela ukhuphiswano langaphakathi eziporweni nakwinkonzo zezibuko ezibangela ukungathembeki neenkonzo eziduru, ezinyiniweyo nezinendleko yentlawulelo yothutho yomoya kulungiselelwa imveliso yolimo, ezonakalisiweyo nendlela zikazwelonke ezingonelanga zamaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza kunye nonxibelelwano oluhlwempuzekileyo lwamaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza. Ezi zinto zinesiphumo zizodwa zenza amaxabiso emveliso kulimo kwizwekazi lase -Afrika amaxesha amane abe duru kakhulu kunase -Asia, e -Amerika naseYurophu.
URhulumente unendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni le micimbi. Kude kube lapha, Izintlu ezilandelayo ziza kuthathelwa ingqiqo:
Ukuncitshiswa ngokungaphaya kwirhafu nakwimisebenzi kwidizile nakwezinye izinto ezifakwa phakathi
Ulungelelwaniso olukhuthazayo kulakhiwo lukaRhulumente ukunciphisa amaxabiso okutshintshela kwimveliso ezikhuphisanayo
Ukwenziwa kwenguqulelo ekunikeni izinto zokusebenza imali ukunceda amafama amatsha nasele ekhona alawule isiphumo senzala esiphezulu kuhanjiso lwemali
Ukuphindwa kujongwe iimfuno zothuthu zenkasayiya ngokwazi ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezolimo ezindleleni ukuya kowezenkasayiya.
Ukuzalisekisa "umbono nomgaqo wokuziphatha wobudlelane basemsebenzini kwezoLimo" oqulunkqwe lulimo olulungisiweyo, yimibutho yabasebenzi neSebe lezemiSebenzi, kwakunye nemarike yemisebenzi elungisiweyo.
IIMEKO EZIBANGAYO
Ubukhulu, ukukhula nokwakhiwa kwemarike zasekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ukhuphiswano lehlabathi kwezoshishino. Ukhuphiswano lwasekhaya olomeleleyo lubalulekile yaye kukwiimeko ezinqabileyo kuphela apho ushishino lungenakukhuphisana kwimarike zasekhaya ezizezazo ezibya zikhuphisane kwihlabathi. Ukuba isantya soqoqosho lukhula ngokucothayo kunendlela isantya ebesinokukhula ngayo, ubukhulu bemarike yoMzantsi Afrika nokukhula kwesantya okucothayo kokutya nemveliso yosinga ziza kuthintela ukhuphiswano lolimo. Ngoko ke, Inqobo yokubaluleka ekuphuhliseni imarike zasekuhlaleni ezibangayo, ezibandakanya kodwa zinganyinwananga ekukhuthazeni iimarike ezisemagolonxeni nokukhuthaza ukhenketho kwezolimo namashishini asezilalini angengowakufuya nakulima kunye nemisebenzi.
Amathuba emarike asoloko engaphuhliswa esenziwa kukunqaba kolwazi. Ubulunga, ukufumaneka nexabiso lolwazi lemarike lukhathaza ngondileko ukhuphiswano lwamashishini amaninzi kwindawo zokutya kolimo. Ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka nexesha lolwazi, ukuphuhliswa kweemarike zasekuhlaleni ezintsha zicotha kakhulu. Ekucaciseni ezi nzima olu luhlu lwenkqubo lulandelayo luzakucingwa:
Isixokelelwano sengqiqo yeshishini sokuqala ulimo necandelo leshishini ngolimo eliza kunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwizigqibo zoshishino nakuphuhliso lwemarike
Uqhubekeko lokuphucula umsebenzi wokuqokelela amanani ento ethile kwiSebe loLimo ngokusebenzisana noshishino neNgqokelela yamanani ento ethile eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukuphuhliswa kwamashishini asekuhlaleni amatsha ngenkqubo yofukamiso kwimimandla esemaphandleni.
AMASHISHINI ANXULUMENEYO
Ubukho bamashishini axhobisayo ngokukhuphisana elizweni jikelele, anjengamashishini angena entweni, amaziko emali, amaziko ophando, iinkampani zothutho, abaxhobisi bokupakisha izixhobo, kunye nabaxhobisi bokuba ngamancedo anjengombane namanzi wona anempembelelo kukhuphiswano lwecandelo lolimo.
Ukwandiswa kozikiso-ngqondo kwimarike phakathi kwabaxhobisi bezinto ezifakwa phakathi noomabeli kwakunye nokwandiswa kolawulo zindibano zabarhwebi abaqhuba amashishini kazwelonke amaninzi angathi achaphazele ngokuchaseneyo nokhuphiswano lwecandelo lolimo. Amandla ezindibano zabarhwebi abaqhuba amashishini nokusalela kokhuphiswano ngaphakathi kwicandelo kungakhokelela kumaxabiso ezinto afakwa ngaphakathi aphezulu. Kule nyewe uRhulumente uza kujonga imisebenzi yokhuphiswano kulimo olufakwe into ngaphakathi nakumashishini abelanayo kwakunye, nalapho kuyimfuneko, kujongwe kwakho amanqanaba oluhlu lwamaxabiso okanyekunyanzeliswe umThetho woKhuphiswano.
Iziqalelo zokuvulwa kolimo lokuqala olunakho ukukhulisa lusuka kwinto yokuba amaxabiso abavelisi beemveliso zokuqala bathanda iinkozo neembewu ze-oyile ezandisa ngokucothayo kunamaxabiso azo afakwa ngamaxesha. Umsebenzi wabavelisi kukwandisa imveliso yabo ngenkuthalo ngokusebenzisa ingqesho kakhulu yezinto ezifakwa phakathi nobuchule bokuvelisa. Le nto ithetha ukuba oyena ndoqo kwimveliso ezisebenzayo ngaphezulu nokuphuculwa kokhuphiswano kuhleli kubukho bokhuphiswano oluninzi lwezinto ezifakwayo nokusetyenziswa kolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele kwimveliso ephuculweyo, ukwandiswa kokusebenza kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele obuphuculweyo. Uphando ngolimo, uqeqesho nokwandiswa kwamaziko kuyinqobo yolinganiso kwelicandelo. Amaziko emali alunxibelelwano olubaluleke gqitha ekuqinisekiseni ukhuphiswano kwicandelo. Amafama arhwebayo adla ngokuphathwa kakuhle ziibhanki zorhwebo kwakunye neBhanki yoMhlaba. La maziko, ukanti, anethuba elinyiniweyo lokucebisa endaweni yokulinda abo bantu ukuba beze bacele uncedo neenkonzo kumabandla ahlwempuzekileyo. Ukudlulela, amafama amaninzi asakhulayo awabandakanywanga kwinkonzo ezininzi zezimali, ngenxa yengozi ephezulu yokubona ecaleni eqwalaselweyo, ebandakanywa phakathi kwezinye, ukuswela ukuvelisa kwelinye isebe lomnombo omnye. Iinzame zokuphuhlisa amabambela enza inguqulelo zokuvelisa kwelinye isebe lomnombo omnye zisenokukhuthazwa. Ukuzinziswa kwamaziko asekuhlaleni nawemalana ezincinane abandakanya inkonzo ezisebenzisana ngezimali kunye neebhanki zeedolophana, nazo ziyakuphuhliswa.
UKUXHOBISA NGAMATYATHANGA OKWENZA
Iimeko ezilawula iifama namashishini olimo ukuba akhiwe njani, alungiselelwe yaye alawulwa, nobume bosukuzwano basekhaya, bunesiphumo esibalulekileyo kukhuphiswano leli candela. Ukhuphiswano oluvakalayo kokusingqongileyo kwicandelo ngokusebenzisa isicelo somgaqo-nkqubo wokhuphiswano, ulawulo olululo lamashishini nobuchule funeka buqinisekiswe. Ulawulo lamafama olunamandla okwenza namandla emarike yabathengi zizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yokhuphiswano yecandelo lolimo -lokutya. Amatyathanga okuthengisa ngemiyinge emincinci ibuye yanda yanamandla amangalisayo kuthethathethwano nasekuchazeni amaxabiso abavelisi basekuhlaleni nabamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, amafama anesithintelo kuthethathethwano ngamaxabiso. Ukuphucula amandla esigqibo samafama, kuye kwabaluleka ukwenza ulwahlulelwano nokuthembana okumileyo lonxibelelwano phakathi kwabadlali abaphambili kwityathanga elixhobisayo nokuphucula unxibelelwano letyathanga elixhobisayo ukuvumela amathuba okongeza ukuxabiseka. Imilinganiselo izakuthatyathwa ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lolwahlulelwano kwityathanga lokuxhobisa lokhuphiswano ngaphakathi kwamaqela anempahla yorhwebo azintloko.
Impembelelo kaRhulumente ingakha okanye ingakhi, ixhomekeke kwimigaqo -nkqubo yakhe, udweliso lwenkqubo nezixokelelwano zokusebenza. Ingqwalasela ibakho kwindawo ezithile kumanyano lolimo lokuba eminye imigaqo -nkqubo yoorhulumente nokuswela ukuzalisekisa okusebenzayo koludwe lweenkqubo zikarhulumente, zizinzima kukhuphiswano lokufuya nokulima noshishino lolimo nokutya. Ekubeni iingqwalasela zahlukile phakathi kwezikhoyo zamafama arhwebayo nasandula ukungena kwicandelo, kukho isivumelwano ukuba ukungoneli nokuqhekeka kwenkonzo ezithile, ulawulo olubhetyebhetye, ukumela nezigqibo ezingatshongo khona zabalawuli nokuzalisekiswa kwezigqibo zabalawuli okucothayo, zizinto ezifuna ukunikwa ingqwalasela ngokukhawuleza. Urhulumente kungoko nje uza kunika ingqwalasela ethile kwiimpucuko kuwo onke amanqanaba okunikezela ngenkonzo.
ULAWULO OLUSENGOZINI
Ulimo ngokwenkcazelo lushishino olujongwe yingozi ngokwenziwa yimozulu eyahluka hlukanayo, izitshabalalisi, izifo neengozi zamaxabiso kwakunye neentlekele zendalo ezifana neembalela nezikhukula. Ngokwemeko yaseMzantsi Afrika, ingculaza, ulwaphulo -mthetho, ukunyuka nokuguquguquka kwenzala yabarhafi, iintlekele zendalo, nokungazinzi kwamaxabiso kubangelwa yimozulu enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, zizinto ezibaluleke gqitha ezo kuba zandisa amaxabiso zenzele ukhuphiswano ubunzima obuntsokothileyo kulimo-lokutya nolwakhiwo.
Uphambo lolawulo olusengozini olusebenzayo yinqobo yokulinganiswa kuphuculo lwezixhobo zolawulo olusengozini ezifana ne-inshorensi yemveliso yezilimo, ukhuselo lwezinto umntu anazo ezinokuthengiselwa ukuhlawulwa kwamatyala ache nemarike ezizayo zolimo. Elinye ilungu lophambo lolawulo olusengozini olubanzi sisixokelelwano sokulunyukiswa kwangoko esibandakanya indlela efaneleyo nokusetyenziswa ngexesha elililo, ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuphathelele kunye nolwazi olukhululekileyo ngemo yezulu. Xeshikweni le ingekenziwa ngokwaneleyo okwangoku, ulwazi olunjalo ngoku luza kwenziwa lufumaneke ngokwamaziko olwazi asemaphandleni ngokweSixokelelwano soLwazi ngokweJografi yoLimo. Urhulumente uza kuphucula usetyenziso ngokubanzi lwesi sixokelelwano solwazi ngolunye ulwazi olunikezwayo.
Izinto eziqhamka kutsha nje ezifana nenyebethu nekhanali bhanti zigxininise ubaluleko lokusebenzisana nezitshabalalisi, izifo zezilwanyana nezezityalo. Ukulawulwa okungonelanga nesakhelo seziko (umz. Ukwandisa iimfanelo zezizwe, iimfanelo ezahlukeneyo, ingqondo ebuthathaka yemfuyo nokungabikho kwamaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza), kwakunye nokuqhekeka nokungoneliseki yingqondo yokuhlola eshiya eli candela libhentsile.
Inkqubo yakutshanje yokulungiswa ngokutsha kwezityalo nempawu zolawulo kwakunye neenkonzo zemfuyo linqanaba lokuqala elichaza le ngxaki. Le nkqubo iza kuqhubekeka kunye nomgaqo -nkqubo nokucingwa kwakhona ukumiswa komthetho welizwe kulawulo lwezifo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ukongeza, isibhalo sokuqala somnqophiso esi sebenzisana neengxakeko zeSPS nezityalo kwakunye nezinto zempilo yesilwanyana sicacisiwe, njengoko kuzinziswa umzimba okhuselekileyo wokutya oluzimeleyo ngokwandiswa kwengqondo yokuphucula ulawulo. Xa kujongwa inkqubela phambili yorhwebo yolawulo lolwazelelo kummandla weSADC, uMzantsi Afrika uza kukhokela ekuphuculeni intsebenziswano yommandla kwizinto zeSPS (ukwakha isikhundla, ungqinelwano lwamanqanaba neenkqubo, njl-njl)
Ingozi zamaxabiso ngokwenkcazelo nganye yindawo yemarike yolimo engalawulekiyo. Ukwabelana ngengozi zexabiso ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ntlobo zezixhobo zolawulo oluyingozi oko ukuthi iimarike ezizayo zizakubaluleka kuwo onke amafama. Urhulumente ngokusebenzisana necandelo labucala uza kundulula uqeqesho olubanzi noluhlu lwenkqubo yokuqonda phakathi kwamafama ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zolawulo olusengozini olunjengemarike zolimo ezizayo. Imarike nolawulo olusengozini lukwancitshiswa ngokulungileyo nangolwazi lexesha elililo lemarike. Apha uRhulumente, ngokwengqondo yamanani akhe aqokelelweyo, asenendima ebalulekileyo ayidlalayo, xeshikweni ezinye iziqalo ezifana nokwakhiwa kutsha nje kwesiXokelelwano seNgqiqo seShishini loLimo naso esiza kukhuthazwa. Le mizamo iza kunika amafama noshishino lolimo kunye nengqiqo yemarike efunekayo ukwenza izigqibo zoshishino oluxeliweyo lunciphise imarike nengozi zexabiso.
Kungoku nje, uMzantsi Afrika awunankxaso yamalungiselelo olimo inikeziweyo yaye akukho zakhiwo zamaziko asebenzayo azinzileyo alungiselela ulawulo lwentlekele. Kolu khanyo, ukwakhiwa kwengqondo yeziko ukuzalisekisa ulawulo lentlekele nokuzinzisa amalungiselelo abanzi ukuhambisana nentlekele ezinjengezikhukula, imililo iimbalela kwicandelo lolimo zisendleleni. Amalungiselelo anjalo angabandakanya amalungiselelo okulinganiswa kwemivuzo nezintlu zenkqubo ze-inshorensi yengozi eyakuyilwa ngothelelwano phakathi kukaRhulumente, amafama ne-inshorensi yabucala yendibano yabarhwebi abaqhuba amashishini.
Okokugqibela, imizamo karhulumente okhoyo ukulawula isifo esikhoyo kwilizwe jikelele ugawulayo, ukulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lolwandiso loqoqosho luzakunyuswa ukunciphisa ezinye izinto eziyingozi kwelicandelo.
Ukurhwebelana nezizwe
Ukwandisa ukhuphiswano kuxhasa iingxoxo ngemfuneko ukugcina umanyano lwecandelo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi yaye lubonakaliswa kukubanako kwayo ukuthengisa imveliso yayo kwiimarike zehlabathi. Le nto inganegalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho lubheke phezulu ngokwandisa ukufikeleleka kwimarike.
Iintshukumo zikaRhulumente ukuxhasa amathuba orhwebo zibalulekile, kodwa ziza kufuna ukuxhaswa ngokucaciswa ngokugqithisileyo nangokukhuseleka kulimo lwehlabathi, iimarike kwakunye norhwebo lobuchule bokuphathisana libekwe kwinqanaba apho ulimo laseMzantsi Afrika lunebala lokudlala lezizwe.Ulimo loMzantsi Afrika fanele lumelane nokusingqongileyo olucaciswa kukunyuswa kwenqanaba labatshintshi kulimo, uluhlu lwamaxabiso aphezulu nawenyukayo kwakunye nokuswela ubukrelekrele ngamazwe asele ephuhlile. Iimarike kula mazwe nazo ziphawulwa zizithintelo ezingeloluhlu lwamaxabiso kwiintlobo ntlobo zembonakalo efana nesityalo esintsokothileyo, imilinganiselo yempilo yezilwanyana nabantu. Iinkqubo zasemakhaya nolawulo lwemida alwanelanga ngokupheleleyo ukumelana nokuthengisa impahla kwelinye ilizwe ngamaxabiso aphantsi, izinto ezingeniswe elizweni ngokuchasene nomthetho kwakunye nokwanelisa kokusetyenziswa kweSPS nemilinganiselo yokuvalwa kwamazibuko okungena. Imilinganiselo namanqanaba eSPS yasekuhlaleni kutsha nje ayikhange isigcine isantya esidibene nokukhula kwezinto ezingeniswa elizweni nezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, xeshikweni iimbango ngamashishini ngokuhlonipha imicimbi yeSPS idla ngokunganikwa mnqweno walungelo liphambili nguRhulumente okanye phantsi kwamaxesha axatyisiweyo alibazisayo.
Inkcubeko ephumayo ethunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe iswele ngamanye amazwi kodwa indawo ezimbalwa zolimo loMzantsi Afrika nolwakhiwo lwamabhunga athunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ngolimo kutsha nje kukungeniswa kwezinto ezintsha ngokuthelekisayo noko. Inkxaso ezinikeleyo kwizinto ezithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe zolimo bezisoloko ziswele oko kwashenxiswa inkuthazo yoyilo lwezinto ezithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ngo-1977.
Ngokubalulekileyo, indlela esecaleni yokubanga (o.k.t. ukushenxisa imiqobo yendlela zemarike nokhuphiswano olungalunganga) kwakunye nendlela esecaleni yokuxhobisa (o.k.t. ukuphucula ukuthunywelwa kwezinto kwelinye ilizwe) iyafuneka ukuvuna ngokupheleleyo izinto zoqoqosho eziluncedo kurhwebo lezizwe. Le nto iza kuba phakathi kwezinye izinto ifune okukulandelayo:
Uthabatho nxaxheba olusebenzayo kwiWTO ukuchaza inkxaso nokhuseleko olugqithisileyo nolujijiweyo lolimo lwehlabathi
Amanyathelo okuqala ophuculo lorhwebo nokufana kanye okomeleleyo koMzantsi Afrika (o.k.t. Ngeqhayiya loMzantsi Afrika), amagama ohlobo oluphezulu lobulunga nokuthe ngqo nenkxaso ezinikeleyo yolimo olwenziwa luntsokothe (umz. Uphuculo lwemarike ethumela kwelinye ilizwe elithembisa ngetyala)
Ingcalulo efanelekileyo yexabiso elincedayo lorhwebo elihambisana kwinkqubo yokwakha noku/ okanye egqityiweyo
Umgaqo-nkqubo ocacileyo nolungileyo wokukhusela uluhlu lwamaxabiso ngokuphathelele kwicandelo lolimo, nokwenziwa mfutshane kweenkqubo eziphathelelene noluhlu lwamaxabiso
Intsebenziswano ekudluleni ngaphakathi kumda, umz.iSADC ijonge ekufumaneni ubunzima obuyingqiqo kwinkqubo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe, ukwabelana nokurhweba okanye ukunciphisa amaxabiso eyunithi ngokokudityaniswa kwamashishini ngenjongo yokumisa amaxabiso nokwahlulelana ngenzuzo kuzaliso mali ngokunxulumene nophando oluthile kurhwebo
Ukulawulwa kwemida esebenzayo ukuchasana nokungenisa elizweni ngokuchasene nomthetho, imisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni ngobuqhinga kwakunye ukungasetyenziswa kakuhle kweSPS nemilinganiselo kunye nemithetho yemveli yokuvalelwa.Ekuchazeni lemicimbi, uRhulumente sele esenkqubeni yokuphucula inkonzo yohlolo lwakhe, ukwandisa isitafu kwindawo ezisemdeni zokulinda encedisa iSARS ekuqhubeleni phambili ngobuchule bayo emdeni kananjalo. Ukongeza, uRhulumente uza kunyina iindawo ezisemdeni zokulinda ukungenisa kwempahla zolimo ngokwamanani alawulekayo nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke ziyanxibelelana ngokombane ne -Ofisi eyiNtloko
Komnye umlinganiselo wokuphucula amathuba okurhwebelana nezizwe, kuya kugqaliselwa ngamandla ekuphuculeni ingqondo nokuqondakala kococeko kwimilinganiselo yezityalo okanye uhlaza olucocekileyo. Kule nyewe uRhulumente uza kundulula impembelelo yonxibelelwano lorhwebo olunelungelo eliphambili lokulawula indawo ngokwenza izinto ziqhubeke kunokulinda izinto ziqhubeke wandule ukuphendula ngokuthembisa nangokuzinzisa ulwalamano namagunya eSPS kwinto ekhoyo engundoqo neemarike zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe anakho ukuqinisekisa imilinganiselo esekelezelwe kwinzululwazi, engqinelana kumanqanaba ezizwe nako kunakanwa ngokufanayo kusetyenzisiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, uRhulumente uza kudibanisa ngokuzibopha noomahlulelane beSADC kwinqanaba eliqalisa amaqela ezizwe ngenjongo yokugcina inokulawulwa kodwa isekelezelwe kumanqanaba ezizwe.
URhulumente uza kuphucula ukuziqhelanisa nokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe aqhubekekise inkqubo ngaphakathi kwecandelo elifanelekileyo ukukhulisa ukhuphiswano kwiimarike zokuthumela kwelinye elizwe ngokweBhunga lokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe neQela elihlangeneyo elisebenzayo
Uluhlu lwenkqubo ukuphucula amathuba okurhwebela amabandla asemaphandleni ahlwempuzekileyo (uluhlu lwenkqubo oluncitshisiweyo olukhokelela kuhlwempuzeko lwezonto ezithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe).
Ulawulo lobutyebi obugciniweyo
Injongo yolu phambo kukukhulisa iingqondo zamafama ukuba asebenzise ubutyebi ngohlobo olugcinakeleyo nokuqinisekisa usetyenziso oluphaphileyo nolawulo lobutyebi bendalo. Oku kuza kufuna umbono wexesha elide ngenjongo ecacileyo namancedo aza kukhokela oluhlobo lukhoyo lokusebenzisa ubutyebi ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwabo lwexesha elide. Olu phambo luza kungqubana nokhathalelo lomhlaba, nokuphindwa kwabelwane ngomhlaba, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kokungqonge idolophu, ukwenza imimandla ephezulu yomhlaba enakho yolimo, ukulondoloza iindawo zomhlaba ezibuthathaka, ukungafani kwebhayoloji nezixokelelwano zamanzi, njl-njl.
Okusentloko kolu phambo, kukulondoloza ukungafani kwibhayoloji yolimo nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa okugciniweyo komhlaba namanzi ngokukhulisa imveliso yesilimo nemfuyo ngokwenza ngokungaphezulu nangaphezulu egcineni izixokelelwano zokufuya nokulima. Uthabatho nxaxheba ngumfama ngoyena ndoqo kwimpumelelo yophambo. Ukongeza, iindlela ezenza inguqulelo ukunxibelelanisa ulawulo lobutyebi bendalo kuluhlu lweenkqubo zokuxhasa lunganikeza indawo yokuphumelela eza kuba nesiphumo esifutshane samancedo oqoqosho kumafama yaye kwangaxesha linye luncedise kwinjongo yexesha elide yokulondoloza isiseko sobutyebi bendalo.
Ukuthotywa kobutyebi bomhlaba namanzi bubangele intsongelo eyingozi elizweni. Uphambo lufuna ukuyilwa ukoyisa onobangela bokuthotywa. Ulwakhiwo lwenkxaso lwamaziko awomeleleyo notshintsho lolwando kwiingqeqesho ezikhoyo kufuyo nolimo ziza kufuneka ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa komhlaba namanzi. Ukwazisa ulomelelo olungaphezulu lesixokelelwano sokufuya nokulima ngokwentsebenziswano elungileyo yesixokelelwano esijikelezayo singenza unikezelo olumandla kule nyewe.
Umhlaba, amanzi neezintlu zenkqubo zolondolozo ziza kugqalisela kwiindawo apho kukho isizathu esivakalayo samathuba empumelelo: apho uxinzelelo loluntu luphezulu, ithuba lamaxabiso omsebenzi esezantsi, ukhuseleko lomhlaba luphezulu, imveliso ngolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele buyafumaneka nalapho kukho indlela kwiimarike, izinto ezifakwa ngaphakathi kwakunye neenkonzo. Njengoko ukuzalisekiswa okuyimpumelelo kweenkonzo zokuxhasa ulimo zingenza unikezelo olunentsingiselo kusetyenziso olugciniweyo nakulawulo lobutyebi bendalo.
Izintlu zenkqubo ezingaphaya eziqwalaselweyo kungoku nje ukuphucula ukugcinwa zezi:
Ukuphuhliswa kophambo lweentlobo zesityalo olugcina nolukhulisa ukungafani ngokwemvelo
Kwincoko yesitu eyonzakalisa iindidi zolimo neentlobo ntlobo zezixokelelwano zoqoqosho olunokwenzeka kufuyo nolimo
Ukuzalisa ngemali kumaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza nakwiinkonzo ukuxhasa ugcino lokusetyenziswa komhlaba
Ukuphuhliswa kokuphamba ngolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele ngebhayoloji ukunceda elona xesha lide lokunceda lingcono loMzantsi Afrika kunye nabantu bawo
Likhuthaza imveliso yezinto ezilinyiweyo ezitiyeni kulungiselelwa impilo nezizathu zenzuzo
Ukubeka imveliso nokugcinwa ngaphakathi kwembono yesixokelelwano sokufuya nokulima. Oku kuxhasa izixokelelwano zemveliso enobuhlobo kokusingqongileyo, zibandakanya imveliso emanyeneyo, ulawulo lwezilimo olumanyeneyo nofuyo nolimo oluphilayo.Izintlu zenkqubo nemisebenzi egqaliselweyo iza kulungelelaniswa yimbono yokukholelwa ukuba yonke into endalweni inxulumene ngenye indlela nemithetho-siseko yolawulo olugciniweyo lobutyebi bendalo.
Imiphambo efezekisiweyo
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeziqalo zemiphambo ephakathi (o.k.t. ubulungisa, ukhuphiswano nokugcinwa kobutyebi obusebenzisa imiphambo) zingqumlana yaye ziza kunikezela ngaselwakhiweni nasekusebenziseni ukuthembela kulimo. Urhulumente ucinga ukuthembela njengokubalulekileyo kukhuliso oluzayo lweli candela. Ngale nto engqondweni lenxkaso ibalulekileyo ilandelayo neziphambo ezincedayo zichongiwe:
Ulawulo olulungileyo
Ulwazi nokwenza inguqulelo
Intsebenziswano yezizwe
Ukhuseleko nokhuselo
Ezi ziphambo zibalulekile kuba zinika isiseko esiqiqiweyo ngaphandle kwenjongo yophambo lokhuphiswano, ebandakanya negcina ulimo azizi kuqonda. Ezi ziphambo zizi kunikwa elona lungelo liphambili yaye kungoku nje lixoxiwe ngenkcukacha ezingaphaya.
Ulawulo olulungileyo
Umthetho -siseko wolawulo olulungileyo lunxibelelwano olukhoyo jikelele eliphetheyo kulo lonke uyilo lophambo. Ayisebenzi kuphela kuRhulumente kodwa kubo bonke abanye abadlali abanendima kwicandelo. Phakathi kuRhulumente isakhelo senkqubo sokwakha ulawulo olulungileyo olucacileyo, oluphuma kumthengi necandelo likawonke wonke lolimo olucacileyo luza kuba yeyona ndawo iphambili ukuqinisekisa isiseko esivakalayo sokufumana injongo yokuphamba.
Elona lungu lingundoqo lokuphamba lolawulo olulungileyo iza kuba lulwalamano. Endaweni yokuqala uRhulumente uza kuphuhlisa isakhelo senkqubo esenzela ulwalamano phakathi kukawonke wonke necandelo labucala kunye neeNGO ukunika intsebenziswano kwiziqalo eziphakathi zokuphamba kwicandelo, ukutsho oko ubulungisa, ukhuphiswano nokugcina. Esi sakhelo senkqubo siza kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
Imithetho yokuziphatha yolawulo olunentsebenziswano phakathi nangaphakathi kwemida yamasebe karhulumente
Amanqanaba enkonzo zothutho asendleleni nomgaqo -nkqubo wenkonzo zothutho kaRhulumente bakaBatho Pele
Izigqibo zothelelwano phakathi kukaRhulumente namaqela empahla yorhwebo nemibutho yamafama
Isahluko kuYilo loPhuhliso olumanyeneyo olukhokela uRhulumente waseKuhlaleni kwizinto zokuphamba ezinxulumene kulimo
Umntu onenxaxheba kwishishini elithile uyavumelana phakathi koRhulumente nezinto ezikhoyo zikawonke wonke ezifana neBhunga loRhwebo loLimo leSizwe, iBhunga loPhando loLimo, neBhanki yoMhlaba
Izigqibo zenkonzo yokuhambisa phakathi koorhulumente bamaphondo nezinto ezikhoyo zikawonke wonke zesizwe
Ingqondo karhulumente weSizwe elwakhiweni lwezintlu zenkqubo ukuxhasa izinto ezikhoyo zikawonke wonke, urhulumente wamaphondo nowasekuhlaleni.
Iimpawu nenkuthalo yeenkonzo zokuhambisa nguRhulumente ziza kubaluleka ekuzuzeni injongo yecandelo lolimo elimelwe ngamandla. Iinkonzo ezithile zikaRhulumente nemigaqo-nkqubo nazo zibalulekile ukuphucula ukhuphiswano kwicandelo. Imizekelo ngummiselo wesakhelo senkqubo ovakalayo nosebenzayo kwakunye nolawulo olusebenzayo jikelele. Ngenxa yesisizathu imithetho yokuziphatha yenkonzo entsha yohambiso iza kuqulunqwa ukukwenzela kwandiswe ukuphendula nokumela kwabo bonke abanikeli benkonzo zikawonke wonke nezabucala kumafama nakwimfuno zamashishini olimo. Ixabiso leenkonzo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nalo liza kucaciswa. Ukwandiswa kwinkuthalo nobumvoco buza kufunyanwa ngokwabela abaphantsi amagunya, ukuvumelana nokwabelana ngamaxabiso ukulungiselela iinkonzo. Ugqaliselo oluthile kude kuzo kuba ngoku luza kunikwa koku kulandelayo:
Ukukhetha izinto ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni ukuzuza iimfanelo zokwabela abaphantsi amagunya
Ukwakhela okunxulumene nomthetho nesigqibo esisiseko ukwenzela ukugunyazisa abanye kwiimfuneko nasekuveleni kwengxowa-mali
Ukucacisa "imithetho yomdlalo" weziko
Ukulungisa amanqanaba amagama okukhangela kulungiselelwa izigqibo zezinto ezikhoyo
Ukuzinzisa inqanaba lesigqibo nenkqubo zokufumana
Ukuzinzisa umthetho -siseko wokuba umthathi nxaxheba ngamnye funeka encedisile ngokona kulunga enkqubeni
Enye injongo yokuphamba yolawulo olulungileyo kukubeka uRhulumente njengomthelelanisi othembekileyo, ongaguquguqiyo nonemigaqo -nkqubo nezintlu zenkqubo enokuxelwa kwangaphambili eqinisekisa amancedo angawona alungileyo okuhambisa kwezolimo. Intshukumo ezithile eziza kuzalisekiswa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ziza kubandakanya okukulandelayo:
Ukuphindwa kuyilwe iMinMec iyilelwe kwiBhunga labaPhathiswa bezoLimo ukukhomba abalawuli bemisebenzi karhulumente ekuphumezeni injongo yophambo lwecandelo lolimo elizweni
Ukuphindwa kuyilwe iKomiti yorhulumente omanyeneyo kwezoLimo njengeKomiti yoLawulo loLimo.
Injongo yokugqibela yokuphamba yolawulo olulungileyo kukwakha indlela emanyeneyo nesisixokelelwano ukuchonga, ukulawula nokwabelana ngokuqonda ulimo nangolwazi lwezinto umntu anazo kwicandelo likawonke wonke. Iinkangeleko ezingundoqo ziza kubandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwesikhokelo, isakhelo senkqubo yeziko kwakunye neenkqubo zolwazi lokulawula kwezolimo.
Umthetho wokuziphatha wentsebenziswano yolawulo lukarhulumente omanyeneyo luza, phakathi kwabanye, kuphakamisa isakhelo senkqubo yowiso-mithetho ukulungiselela unxibelelwano lukarhulumente omanyeneyo kwezolimo; cacisa indima kwakunye neemfanelo phakathi kwamasebe ezolimo esizwe nawamaphondo kwakunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni; zinzisa isakhelo senkqubo ukukhokela nokulawula ingxelo ecacileyo, ulinganiso, uzalisekiso, ukongamela nokuvavanywa kwemigaqo -nkqubo nezintlu zenkqubo; zinzisa isakhelo senkqubo sentsebenziswano emanyeneyo yenkcitho noyilo loqingqo -mali; Phakamisa isixokelelwano solawulo solwazi; Phakamisa isakhelo senkqubo nezithethe namanqanaba kuyilo lokuphuhlisa ubutyebi boluntu nasekuzalisekiseni; Yenza kubelula iziko lwengqiqo eyakhiwayo yeePDA noorhulumente basekuhlaleni.
Imithetho yokuziphathayamabandla kawonke wonke abucala olwalamano, kwelinye icala, aza kugqalisela ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iqabane ngalinye elithanda ukuhlala nabanye elibandakanyekayo kule nkqubo likhuthazwa ukuba linikeze ngento. Imithetho yokuziphatha iza kuphindwa kwakho iqinisekise ukuba amaqabane athanda ukuhlala nabanye ayakhuthazwa ukuba adlale indima ephambili kwindawo eziluncedo ezizezabo ezinxulumene nothelekiso. Kude kube lapha, uRhulumente uza kufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zikawonke wonke ezilungileyo kwakunye neenkonzo ezifana nemigaqo -nkqubo, uwiso -mthetho, imimiselo, amaziko akhoyo kawonke wonke ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza kwakunye neenkonzo. Endaweni yayo, amashishini namafama aza kulindeleka ukuba anikele kuphuhliso nakumashishini asebenzayo kwakunye nemibutho emelweyo nokukhupha imidla yabo kuRhulumente. Indibano ezimanyeneyo nazo zicingelwa phakathi koRhulumente, amashishini namafama apho lilinye lingenakho ukuthabatha ishishini lilodwa. Ezinye zezindawo ngokwasembuzweni zibandakanya uphuhliso lobutyebi boluntu, ulungiselelo lokwandiswa kweenkonzo, ukwakhiwa nokuphuhliswa kwemibutho yamafama, nophando kwakunye nokutshintshwa kolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele.
Okokugqibela, uRhulumente ukwiphulo lokuzinzisa isakhelo senkqubo yenkonzo yamanqanaba ohambiso, aza kwenziwa aziwe kumaqabane athanda ukuhlala nabanye nesizwe siphela. Ngokomgaqo -nkqubo weBatho Pele kwinkonzo yohambiso, injongo yenkonzo yamanqanaba ohambiso kukwenza abe nako amaqabane athanda ukuhlala nabanye nowonke wonke ukubamba uRhulumente acacisele iinkonzo ezizinikele ngokwazo ekuzinikezeleni nakwiqondo lokuthembisa ubulunga bamanqanaba.
Uphuhliso lwamaphandle olumanyeneyo nolugciniweyo
Umbono wokuphamba kukuba uyilo lecandelo lithathe i -ISRDS ekuphuculeni ezindawo zilandelayo ezibalulekileyo kulimo:
Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni olunengqalelo ethile egqalisele kwidolophu zasemaphandleni, amaziko enkonzo needolophana
Ukomeleza ukubona ecaleni nendima yolimo kwakunye nenkqubo yamashishini anxulumeneyo oYilo loPhuhliso oluManyeneyo amagunya awodwa amaphandle asekuhlaleni
Ingqalelo eyodwa enikwa ukuphucula ukudala inzuzo nemisebenzi yempiliso eyenziwa ngabafazi, ulutsha kwakunye nabakhubazekileyo abathe kwasekuqaleni babekelwa ukukhawulelana neemfuno zentsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo kunye neemfuneko zemarike yasekuhlaleni
Uphuhliso lwendibano -malungu asemaphandleni
Uyilo lokuhlalisana emaphandleni ukuhlalisa imifuziselo yabahlali abatsha abajikelezayo oko kwasuswa ukuhlaliswa ngokwemithetho yengcinezelo nokuzalwa kwedemokrasi ngo-1994.
Inkxaso karhulumente eyomeleleyo nezinikele ekuphumezeni ukuzalisekisa uPhambo lokuPhuhlisa amaPhandle aManyeneyo naGciniweyo [ISRDS] ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yoyilo lwelicandelo. Uphambo luza kunceda abahlwemuzekileyo emaphandleni jikelele, kodwa imizamo ethile iza kwenziwa ukuzama ukufumana abafazi, ulutsha nabakhubazekileyo. Icandelo lolimo elinempumelelo liza kwenza ilungu elibalulekileyo lophuhliso olusemaphandleni olumanyeneyo nolugciniweyo nangokuphendulelekileyo.
Uqoqosho lwehlabathi lutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza lutshintshelwa kulwazi nakuqoqosho lothungelwano. Kweli hlabathi, ukusika umqukumbelo wongeniso lwezinto ezintsha nowolwazi kubalulekile kukhuphiswano olugciniweyo nolunenzuzo. Kungenxa yezi zizathu ukuba amaqabane ophambo abeke inzululwazi nolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele njengokubaluleka kophambo olufezekisayo. Eyona njongo yolu phambo kukwandisa imibono nengqondo zokwenza inguqulelo zabadlali abanendima badibanise ezi kwindawo yemarike zangomso.
Le nto fanele ikhokele ekwandisweni kozaliso-mali nasekusetyenzisweni kwezona ziqhubekileyo nakwimveliso yakutsha nje ephuma kuphando, uqeqesho nezixokelelwano ezandisiweyo. Ngokuzalisekisa olu phambo, icandelo lizama ukusebenzisa uphando olusekuqaleni nezintlu zenkqubo yemfundo ezifanelekileyo ukuphucula ulwazi ngobugcisa jikelele obutsha nobuphambiweyo obubalulekileyo, [ulwazi ngobugcisa jikelele bebhayoliji, ulwazi, noqhagamshelwano] noluhlu lolwazi ngobugcisa obengeza ixabiso ekucudiseni ixabiso langomso. Le yamva iza kukhuthaza ukhuphiswano olugciniweyo lwemveliso yoMzantsi Afrika kwiimarike zehlabathi zincedise ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhuselayo ezingqongqo zokutya ezifakwe ngamazwe asemNtla.
Ezinzisa isiXokelelwano soPhando kuLimo lukaSizwe ukumanyana, ukusebenzisana nokunxulumana kophando lolimo namashishini nemibutho yabaphandibezolimo bezizwe neenkonzo ezandisiweyo
Funeka kuphindwe kuvavanywe isiseko sokunikisa ngemali ukuphucula ulwalamano phakathi kwamaziko ophando olimo, idyunivesithi necandelo labucala
Ngaphezu kweminyaka isixokelelwano sophando solimo eMzantsi Afrika sivelise iziphumo ezinika umdla ngaphandle kobumbolo-mbini ethanda amafama amakhulu, yaye nangona kukho ingxoxo ethanda inkxaso engaphaya yalowo "waziwayo ngokuphumelela" . Ulandulo kwishumi leminyaka egqithileyo kuzaliso-mali luphelele kuphando lolimo nakuphuhliso lolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele buthi bungafikeleli kumceli mngeniomiswe nguMongameli wophuhliso lolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele nokwindawo ephezulu kwicandelo njengenkokheli kuqoqosho lasemaphandleni. Urhulumente uza kwandisa unkezelo mali kuphando lolimo ukukhuthaza impucuko eqhubekekayo kukhuphiswano nobunkokheli kulwazi, uqhagamshelwano nakulwazi ngobugcisa jikelele ngebhayoloji obubalulekileyo kulimo lwangomso eMzantsi Afrika.
Ixabiso eliphezulu lokuba nolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele lungoyiswa ngomanyano neR&D kunye namashishini olwazi ngobugcisa jikelele. Indima kaRhulumente ephambili kule nyewe iza kubandakanya:
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqoqosho, ekuhlaleni nakokusingqongileyo iziphumo ziyathathelwa ingqalelo kuphuhliso lolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele obutsha
Ukukhuthaza ukuqoqosha kumaziko ngaphakathi kwibandla lophando lolimo apho kuyimfuneko
Ukwenziwa lula kwendlela yokunikwa ubutyebi bemali kumaziko ophando olimo
Ukunikeza inkxaso ukulungiselela unxibelelwano lesigqibo phakathi kwamaziko ophando olimo nemibutho yabameli bamashishini, kwakunye nommandla nezinto ezikhoyo kuphando lolimo lezizwe.
Ukuqukwa konke kwehlabathi kuzise kunye nako uzungulezo ngokokubakho kolwazi oselulungile kunye nolwazi ngobugcisa jikelele, ukwanda kwentshukumo yeempahla, iinkonzo nabantu uwele imida, ukwanda kobutyebi kodwa nelishwa lokwenziwa banzi okuqhubekekayo kwesithuba phakathi kwesityebi nehlwempu.
Ubukhulu boMzantsi Afrika njengomfuziselo wedemokrasi entsha ngobaxo wandise imibango kuyo ngothatho nxaxheba kwizizwe kwiintlobo ngentlobo zendawo yemibutho. Le mibango yenze ubunzima kwisikhundla sayo ukwenza owona msebenzi uthabathekisayo wamathuba wahlangabezana nemiceli mngeni yokuba ngumdlali wehlabathi kwindawo ezininzi zezizwe. Isantya esikhawulezileyo sotshintsho kulawulo lolimo, uphando, urhwebo nokusingqongileyo kwakunye nezasekhaya nokhuseleko lokutya kwelizwekazi kuxhalabisa ukunyanzelwa kwezizathu zoMzantsi Afrika ushiyeke ungaphambili kwizinto zophuhliso ezikhathaza ulimo. Imidla yethu kwintsebenziswano nezizwe kwindawo yolimo ichazwa yipolitiki, urhwebo, bubugcisa noqeqesho obufunekayo obubalulekileyo ekuxhaseni uYilo lokuPhamba kwicandelo lolimo.
UMzantsi Afrika uthabathe indima yobunkokheli ekuqaleni ubuntshatsheli obuthanda uphuhliso kummandla nakwi-Afrika jikelele. Imizekelo yokuqala yimithetho yokuziphatha yorhwebo kwiSADC, inyathelo lokuqala lwe-Afrika eNtsha nezikhundla ezingundoqo kwakunye nomanyano kumaziko anamacala amaninzi akhokelela kuphuhliso olwakhayo lolimo e-Afrika. URhulumente uchonge intsebenziswano nezizwe waphuhlisa iziphumo ezinobuhlobo zezivumelwano zezizwe njengamalungelo aphambili ukulungiselela ixesha elimisiweyo eliphakathi, yaye iphinde yazilungiselela kwayona kakuhle kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nemiceli mngeni emiswe kukwandiswa kwemibango ngabameli bezizwe eMelika, eYurophu nakwiMpuma ekude.
Imibango yobugcisa bokukhulisa amakhaya encedisa kwindawo yolimo iphuma kwinyathelo lokuqala lwe- Afrika eNtsha, kwinyathelo lokuqala leSADC nakwintlanganiso ezivela kumacala amabini kumazwe ase-Afrika. URhulumente, ngentsebenziswano nabathelelanisi abohlukeneyo, baza kukhokela ekuphuhliseni isakhelo senkqubo yokuncedisa kubugcisa ejonge ekuqaliseni ukulawula indawo ngokwenza izinto ziqhubeke kunokuba zilinde izinto zenzeke emva koko zibe nento eziyenzayo kuluhlu lwenkqubo ukuxhasa ulwakhiwo lwesikhundla nophuhliso kummandla kwaye nakwilizwekazi i -Afrika. Kude kuzokuthi ga ngoku, uRhulumente uza kujonga ekusebenzeni kunye entweni nomahlulelane abangengoma -Afrika.
EMzantsi Afrika, uRhulumente kudibana nabanikeli bangaphandle ukucacisa uluhlu lwenkqubo yozaliso-mali ukuxhasa uphuhliso lolimo ndawonye noyilo lokuphamba. Nangona uphando lezizwe lukhokelele kwimveliso yomsebenzisi wezinto entsha, ubukho bolwazi oluninzi buvuse uluntu ngokuphathelele kukhuseleko lokutya, ukuziqhelanisa nomsebenzi onobulungisa, njl-njl. Ukwandisa ishishini losetyenziso lwezinto kukhuseleko lokutya kwimarike ezibalulekileyo zangaphandle ezibeka izinto zethu ezithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe engozini kwaye zifune iimpendulo ezazisiweyo nezilawula indawo ngokwenza izinto ziqhubeke endaweni yokulinda izinto zenzeke emva koko zibe nento eziyenzayo kuzo kwakunye nokuphazanyiswa okuvela kuRhulumente. Intsebenziswano engaguquguqukiyo nemibutho eyakha inqanaba lezizwe, umz. i-FAO Codex Alimentarius, INgqungquthela yokuKhusela iziTyalo zeLizwe, umbutho wezeMpilo yeziLwanyana weZizwe (OIE) neengqungquthela kwakunye neentshukumo ezinokungqubana kulimo ezifana nezo zibandakanya okusingqongileyo, ulwazi ngobugcisa jikelele obutsha nengqondi yobunini nezizezona zizezophambo olunyanzelisayo loMzantsi Afrika kwinkulungwane entsha. URhulumente uzibophelele ekwandiseni ubandakanyeko lwakhe nokunika amandla nakubutyebi ukusebenzisana nala maziko ngendlela elungiselelweyo ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ezayo.
Ukhuselo nokhuseleko
Ulwaphulo -mithetho yasemaphandleni yinto ekhwankqisayo kakhulu. Le nto iphatha kakubi uzinzo emaphandleni, nezakuthi ekugqibeleni ibangele ubunzima kuzaliso-mali nokhuliso loqoqosho kwindawo zasemaphandleni ekugqibeleni. Uphambo olubanzi noluzinikeleyo luyafuneka ukunqanda isantya esiphezulu sobundlobongela, ulwaphulo-mthetho, isikrokro nokuxhalaba sokuthanda ukuhlala kunye esigqubayo kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nokuphucula iimeko ezilungileyo zokusebenza, unxibelelwano lobumelwane nokuzinikela okukhulu kumabandla achaphazelekayo. Ngokolo phambo, lemicimbi yenqobo yokulinganisa ilandelayo iza kufumana uhoyo lwelungelo eliphambili ngokufutshane nangokuphakathi:
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yembutho yoXolo noKhuseleko lweSizwe lutsala amalungu kuzo zonke indawo ezingundoqo zabathelelani -ukufezekisa amanyathelo okuqala akhoyo ngokunqanda ubundlobongela emaphandleni, ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukukrokra nokuxhalaba bokuthanda ukuhla kunye okuqgubayo kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nokuphucula iimeko ezilungileyo zokusebenza, inxibelelwano lobumelwane nokuzinikela okukhulu kumabandla achaphazelekayo
Ukuhlaziywa kwesixokelelwano sobulungisa kulaphulo-mthetho nenkxaso yolwakhiwo lwesixokelelwano sibonakale yaye babe namava njengesinqandi kulaphulo-mthetho
Abantu abathile noovimba bemali fanele banikezelwe kwiSAPS neSANDF ukunceda imikhosi yokhuselo ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngokunqanda ulwaphulo-mthetho nokufezekiswa uyilo lokhuseleko emaphandleni. Ezi mali ziza kubekwa ngokwamanyathelo angawokuqala kwabelwane khon'ukuze asetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zamajoni emfazwe nakwimisebenzi ukunqanda uhlaselo lwamafama nolwaphulo -mthetho emaphandleni
Ukubaluleka kophambo lweKomiti eLungelelanisa indawo ekunokuQhutywa kuyo yeSizwe [NOCOC] iKomiti eneLungelo lokuqala, njengesakhiwo esilungiselelweyo sabo bonke abadlali abanendima kuyilo lokhuseleko emaphandleni, luza kuphinda lomelezwe ngabantu abafunayo nabubutyebi bezimali ukuyinceda ifezekise uyilo lokhuseleko emaphandleni nokulungelelanisa imisebenzi phakathi kwabadlali bendawo noRhulumente.
Umbono "wecandelo elimanyeneyo nelinempumelelo kulimo" lifuna oomahlulelane babe neengcebiso ezisebenzayo, imiboniso engundoqo eyenzayo, amanqanaba enkozo zokuhambisa, ukongamela nezixokelelwano zokuvavanya kwakunye nezakhelo zexesha ukwenzela kuqondwe uyilo lokuphamba olumanyeneyo. Kwakhona ikwafuna uRhulumente enze izinto ngokwahlukileyo -ngokukhawuleza okudibene nokungxama okukhulu nangothelelwano namafama, amashishini olimo, ii-NGO, namanye amasebe karhulumente.
Icace kwakwisakhelo senkqubo yokuphamba eboniswe apha ukuba icebiso lokusebenza ukukhuthaza uthatho nxaxheba, ukhuphiswano nobulungisa kokusingqongileyo kwicandelo lolimo lufuna imizamo emxhel'omnye ukuqinisekisa okukulandelayo:
Ulungelelaniso olululo phakathi kwezinto ezifakwayo ezizintlobo ngentlobo ezibandakanywa kuzalisekiso, zibandakanywa ngaphakathi naphakathi kukawonke wonke, kumacandelo abucala nazithandeleyo
Ukuziqhelanisa nenjongo phakathi kwazo zonke ezi zinto ezifakiweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke zigqalisele ekuphumeleleni amancedo jikelele, kunemidla yecandelo kuphela
Ubunjo lwezikhundla kumanqanaba onke, nakwimilinganiso emininzi, ukususela kububanzi obuvela ekuqondeni inzululwazi eyendeleyo ukuya kuthatho nxaxheba olukhulu kuzalisekiso lwenkqubo yexeshana kumaxhwitha-ntamo
Uyilo oluvakalayo lwenkqubo yokuzalisekisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo zexeshana ziqalisiwe yaye zigqitywe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye zonganyelwa lulungiselelwano phakathi kwezinto ezifakwayo ezizintlobo ngeentlobo neenkqubo zexeshana
Ukongamela inkqubela ukuqinisekisa ulawulo olululo lwenkqubo yokuzalisekisa. Oku kufuna inqwalasela eyodwa kulungiselelo lolwazi nakwisixokelelwano solwazi lolawulo kwakunye nokufakelwa kwesixokelelwano sokongamela nokuvavanya.
Intshukumo yoyilo ayinakucaciswa ngaphandle kothatho nxaxheba oluzeleyo lwabo babekwa ityala ngemfanelo yokuzalisekiswa kwayo. Uyilo lokuphamba lwenza amalungiselelo omthetho wokuziphatha ocetywayo wolwahlulelwano lebandla likawonke -wonke -labucala likwabiza uzalisekiso oluhlangeneyo. Kude kube ngoku, ikomiti ehlangeneyo esisigxina iza kumiliselwa phakathi kwabathelelani ababandakanyekayo koku kuqalwa koyilo lokuphamba, ibizwa ngokuba liSebe loLimo, i-Agri SA, neNAFU. Imisebenzi esekuqaleni yale komiti iza kuba kuku:
Chaza ngokucacileyo onke amanyathelo okuqala achongiweyo okuphamba. Lana aza kubandakanya amanqanaba entshukumo eyodwa acingwayo, Ukuchongwa kwalawo ayimfuneko yokuzalisekiswakwawo, ukuchongwa kwezo zinto zifakwa phakathi ezizezinye ezifuna ukubandakanywa, ukuchongwa kobunye ubutyebi [ngokwezimali nangokunye] nokuchazwa kwesicwangciso-maxesha sokuzalisekisa
Ukubunjwa kolakhiwo lolawulo ngemisebenzi ukuxhasa izinto ezifakwa phakathi ezibekwa ityala ngemfuneko yokuzalisekisa uluhlu lwenkqubo ngalunye kwezi, nokuba into efakwa phakathi ikuwonke-wonke, ibucala okanye ikwicandelo elizithandeleyo. Le nkxaso iza kuba yeyaloo ndalo njengoko ingaz'ukuphazamisana namalungelo awodwa eziko elithembekileyo
Ukubumba isakhelo senkqubo yokunika ingxelo esekelwe kuyilo lokongamela nokuvavanya izintlu zenkqubo neenkqubo zexeshana ezenza uyilo lokuphamba. Ikomoti ehlangeneyo esisigxina fanele inike ingxelo yeziphumo yezi ntshukumo kwintloko yabathelelani rhoqo.
ILUNGELO ELIPHAMBILI LEZINTLU ZENKQUBO
Njengenyathelo lokuqala lokuhambisela uyilo lokuphamba kufutshane nokuzalisekisa, oomahlulelane bokuphamba bachonge ilungelo eliphambili lezintlu zenkqubo ngoku kulandelayo
Ukuzalisekiswa kophambo lokhuselo nokhuseleko ukuzisa uzinzo emaphandleni nokuzithemba
Ukuphucula ulawulo nokuzalisekisa ulwahlulelwano nokuba ngumcebisi woluhlu lwenkqubo
Landela umkhondo ngokukhawuleza woluhlu lwenkqubo yokuphindwa kwabiwe kwakhona umhlaba ukuphuhlisa ulimo [LRAD]
Tshintsha isixokelelwano sophuhliso solwazi ngobugcisa jikelele ngolimo ulutshintshele ngasekubeni leliphendulayo ngakwimarike ezininzi
Zinzisa indlela efikelelekayo yesixokelelwano solwazi semarike ngokubanzi [izixokelelwano zolwazi, inkcazelo ngezoqoqosho kwiphondo ngalinye]
Phuhlisa usebenzise iziphumo zesixokelelwano solawulo esinobungozi [isixokelelwano sesityalo nempilo yesilwanyana, iintlekele zendalo, iziqinisekiso zamatyala]
Ukuqiniskisa ukhuphiswano olunobulungisa -ekuhlaleni nasezizweni
Ukuzalisekisa kwembono ekwabelenwe ngayo emsebenzini nasekubunjweni ngokutsha komhlaba
Inkqubo yokunika amandla kuwo onke amacandelo ecandelo lokutya kolimo. Kule nkqubo ucebiso loluhlu lwenkqubo luyinqobo yokulinganiswa yaye luza kuzinziswa ngokukhawuleza ngenkxaso epheleleyo kaRhulumente
Uzaliso-mali ekujoliswe kulo ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano [amaziko akhoyo ukuze umbuso ube nokusebenza: amanzi, umbane, unxibelelwano ngeemfonomfono, inkasayiya, umoya, indlela, iinkonzo zemali; uqeqesho, ukuxhobisa ngoomatshini]
Ukuthoba amaxabiso emveliso xa ewonke, ubandakanye ukuthotywa kwakho kwerhafu nemisebenzi kwidizile nakwezinye izinto ezifakwa phakathi.
IINKQUBO
Ikomiti ehlangeneyo esisigxina iza kuthembeka kwinqanaba lesizwe ngokongamela inkqubo yaye iza kongamela uluhlu lwenkqubo yokuzalisekisa. Igqiza elisebenzayo okanye amaqela asebenzayo aza kuba ngundoqo ekuzalisekisweni kwenkqubo kumaphondo yaye aza kunika ingxelo kwikomiti ehlangeneyo esisigxina. Oomahlulelane abaphambayo fanele bachaze ukuba ubutyebi [boluntu nemali] obusuka kumahlulelane ngamnye bazibophelele yaye buyalawulwa kwinkqubo yokuzalisekiswa kwezintlu zenkqubo ezizintlobo ngeentlobo kwakunye nophambo.
Inyathelo lokuqalo nelona libalulekileyo kakhulu kukunxibelela olu phambo kabanzi kangangoko unakho. Injongo kukuba olu xwebhu lubhaliweyo fanele lufundwe ngokubanzi yaye olo lwazi lukuluhlu lwenkqubo yokuzalisekisa fanele kwabelwane ngayo rhoqo nabo bonke abadlali abanendima. Inkqubo yokuhambisa uyilo lokuphamba lecandelo kungoku nje liqalile.
