UMBHALO WEMBUKISO WEVIDIYO YEKUVAKASHELA IPHALAMENDE 

SINGENISO (FLASH INTRODUCTION)

Wemukelekile ePhalamende yaseNingizimu Afrika, lekuyiPhalamende yemakhulumnyaka yema-21!

Konkhe kwalePhalamende kuphatselene nebantfu!

Umbononchanti wetfu kwakha iPhalamende yebantfu ngalokugcwele lebukene netidzingo tebantfu nalechubekisela embili tifiso tebantfu nalechutjwa tinhloso tekutsi bonkhe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika baphile imphilo lencono. 

Setama kwenta sicinisekiso ngetinhlelo tetfu kutsi imimango lebandlululiwe iyanakwa ngasosonkhe sikhatsi. 



Umsebenti wePhalamende nemphumela wayo wekugcina kumelela bantfu nekucinisekisa kutsi hulumende webantfu ulandzela Umtsetfosisekelo. 

Loku kwenteka ngekutsi kushaywe umtsetfo, kubukwe kusebenta kwahulumende, nekufaka ummango etinhlelweni tePhalamende.

Umtsetfosisekelo ungumtsetfo lomkhulu weRiphabhliki futsi ubeka sisekelo semphakatsi wentsandvo yelinyenti nalovulekile lekungulapho hulumende alandzela khona intsandvo yebantfu nalapho wonkhe muntfu avikelwa ngumtsetfo ngalokulinganako.

Ubeka kubaluleka netindlela tebuholi bentsandvo yelinyenti legcile kubantfu.



IPhalamende yakhiwe ngemalunga lakhetfwe bantfu ngekukhululeka langu 400 lakha Sigungu Savelonkhe.   

Tifundza ePhalamende timelelwe Ngumkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza lowakhiwa titfunywa letilishumi tesifundza ngasinye. 

IPhalamende yetfu yentsandvo yelinyenti inemlandvo letigcabha ngawo wekuba nabomake.

Bomake nyalo benta-43% weMalunga.  

Kusuka nga-2009, nyalo singebesitsatfu emhlabeni ngekumelelwa bomake.

Lizinga lelihlosiwe lekumelelwa bomake ePhalamende ngu-50%. 

Futsi sinePhalamende lesebenta ngekukhutsala lokukhulu!

IPhalamende yetfu yekucala yentsandvo yelinyenti yanga-1994, yakhetsa Mengameli Nelson Mandela njengenhloko yembuso.

Mhlaka- 24 Inkhwenkhweti-1994 Mengameli Mandela wetfula kwekucala Inkhulumo yaMengameli Lemayelana Nesimo Selive emhlanganweni weTindlu Totimbili tePhalamende yekucala lekhetfwe ngentsandvo yelinyenti.   

Kusukela ngalesosikhatsi iPhalamende yemukela Umtsetfosisekelo weRiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika nga-1996 yabuye yashaya imitsetfo lemisha lengetulu kwenkhulungwane!  



Sewukulungele kuhamba ubuka emaphaseji/emakhorido alePhalamende lenetingucuko? 

Asichubeke neluhambo lwetfu lwekuvakashela iPhalamende yaseNingizimu Afrika!



Lolu luhambo lolugcile kakhulu etindzaweni letintsatfu tePhalamende, letibitwa ngekutsi, Sigungu Savelonkhe Lesidzala, Sigungu Savelonkhe Lesisha kanye neMkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza. 

Tsatsa sikhatsi sakho uhamba ubukisisa! …





IParliament Street

Lena yiParliament Street.  Tindlu totimbili, lebitwa ngekutsi Sigungu Savelonkhe, Umkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza, kanye neTuynhuys titfolakala kulomgwaco lapho kunemahhovisi ahulumende kanye neweMacembu Etepolitiki asePhalamende.  Mengameli uhamba kulomgwaco, iParliament Street aye kulendlu yeSigungu Savelonkhe ayotfula Inkhulumo yaMengameli Lemayelana Nesimo Selive emhlanganweni weTindlu tePhalamende Totimbili.  Ngalesikhatsi Mengameli atfula inkhulumo yakhe lemayelana neksimo selive, leyatiwa ngekutsi “kuvulwa kwePhalamende”, omabili emacala eParliament Street aba netindvwendvwe tebantfu letikhombisa kuhlonipha Mengameli lebitwa ngekutsi Ludvwendvwe Lwemalunga Emmango.     

ISlave Lodge 

ISlave Lodge yindzawo yesikhumbuto nekukhumbula.  Yakhiwa yiDutch East India Company nga-1679.  Beyisetjentiswa njengeligumbi leMkhandlu Weteluleko ngembi kwekwakhiwa kwePhalamende yaseKapa, yaphindze futsi yasetjentiswa njengelibhilidi lelihhovisi lahulumende, Inkantolo Lenkhulu, Liposi yagcina ngekuba Ngumsamo Wemlandvo Wetemasiko. 

Ngesikhatsi Senkhulumo yeMengameli Lemayelana Nesimo SeliveMengameli neludvwendvwe bahamba kukhaphethi lebovu kusuka eSlave Lodge bayofika kuSigungu Savelonkhe lapho kunemhlangano weTindlu totimbili.  



IMarks Building 

Lelibhilidi lelatiwa kakhulu ngekutsi yiMarks Building lakhiwe labukana nelibhilidi leMkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza kuParliament Street.  Lelibhilidi iMarks lelakhiwa nga-1904, kungunyalo lisetjentiswa ngemacembu etepolitiki laphikisako, nebasebenti bawo.  Phambilini belisetjentiswa Yindlu Yetitfunywa kuPhalamende Yemkhakha lemitsatfu, ngembi kwa-1987.  LePhalamende Yemikhakha lemitsatfu (noma yemagumbi lamatsatfu) yanga-1985 beyinemagumbi alabamhlophe, emakhalatsi neMandiya kodvwa ingabafaki bantfu labamnyama.



I-Africa House

I-Africa House yakhiwe ngebuciko lobukhulu emkhatsini wemabala ePhalamende, yabukana neSigungu Savelonkhe.  Beyisetjentiswa njengelihhovisi Lemphatsi Lomkhulu WemaNgisi, nyalo-ke isetjentiswa Likomidi Letindlu Totimbili Letebunhloli ibuye isetjentiswe njengalamanye emahhovisi ePhalamende.





I-Africa House 2

Ngekhatsi kwe Africa House kunalenye intfo yalapha ekhaya lendzala kunato tonkhe leyentiwe ngebuciko: libhokisana lelibatwe ngesihlahla iMimosa lesineminyaka lengu-350 lesapheshulwa sawiswa ngumoya lonemandla lochamuka eningizimu nemphumalanga nga-1892.  Indvukubukhosi yePhalamende yaSomlomo beyibekwa kulelibhokisana iminyaka lemakhulu lamaningi.(consider for a pop-up)



IStal Plein

“Stal” ngeSiswati usho indlu yemahhashi.  Ligede mbamba lelikhulu lekungena eStalplein , lelacanjwa ngaletindlu temahhashi Temphatsi weKapa, belingakulelicala leTynhuys lelikuCompany Gardens, lelacala kusebenta njengeligushede lemathulusi e-VOC, lebuye yatiwe ngekutsi yiDutch East India Company, lelabuye lasetjentiswa kamuva  Baphatsi bonkhe beKapa.  Lamabhilidi ePhalamende ngekulandzelana kwawo asondzela dvutane ngalesikhatsi kwentiwa takhiwo letinsha, kwate kwaba ngu-988 ngelesikhatsi luphiko lolusha lolusetjentiswa Sigungu Savelonkhe lufika eTuynhuys.  Uma kuhlangene iPhalamende, Mengameli usebentisa iTuynhuys njengelihhovisi lelisemtsetfweni.  ITuynhuys ayikho ngaphasi kwebaphatsi bePhalamende, itimele.  



Kungena ePhalamende ngeRoeland Street



Kusukela kudzala iPhalamende beyichaza tintfo letiningi kubantfu labahlukahlukene.  Egedeni lekungena ePhalamende leliseRoeland Street, kunesitfombe saGenene Loius Botha agibele lihhashi lesihlala sichukuluta umbuto:  Kutsiwani ngemachawe lamasha esive?

Kodvwa-ke, lesitfombe seMkhandlu Welidobha laseKapa.  Imincele yePhalamende itjutjwe ngabofenisi ngasePlein Street, neCompany Gardens ngasecaleni lelingasenshonalanga.   Ligede lekungena lelikuRoeland Street kungena kulo emalunga liphindze lingenise ema-MP nebasebenti bePhalamende etindzaweni tekupaka timoto letingaphasi kwemhlaba.





Lilangabi Lesikhumbuto            

Ngesikhatsi semcimbi wekuvula naleminye imisimeto yaHulumende, Lilangabi Lesikhumbuto liyavutsa ePhalamende kuhlonipha bonkhe labo labafa etimphini letifaka ekhatsi iNingizimu Afrika.  Mengameli waseNingizimu Afrika nguye Umlawuli Lomkhulu wemabutfo emphi.


Sikhungo Setivakashi 

Sikhungo sekwemukela tivakashi sakhiwe ePosini lelidzala lenyalo liyincenye yemabala ePhalamende.  IPhalamende yemukela tivakashi letibuya dvutane nakhashane futsi bafundzi bona bamukeleke kakhulu.  Tivakashi letingetulu kwa-25 000 tivakashela iPhalamende yonkhe minyaka.  Tivakashi kudzingeka tivete matisi losemtsetfweni ngembi kwekutsi tiniketwe imvume yekungena ePhalamende.  Kuba matasatasa kakhulu uma kuneNkhulumo Yemengameli Lemayelana Nesimo Selive (lebuye yatiwe ngekutsi kuvulwa kwemnyaka kwePhalamende) noma uma Indvuna Yetetimali itfula inkhulumo yelwabiwotimali.

IPoorthuis, ligede lemmango lekungena ePhalamende 

IPoorthuis lephindze yatiwe ngekutsi Ligede Lendlu iligede lekungena esakhiweni i-Old Assembly.  Lapha ngekhatsi kwaleligede kucala umfanekiso lolukiwe weKeiskamma longemamitha langu-30 (buka kuHotspot).

Likamelo lelingumhume leliya egunjini leSigungu Savelonkhe



Emva kwekugibela titebhisi letiya kuleligede lebukhosi lekungena leliya ebhilidini leSigungu Savelonkhe, ufika esiyilweni lesinemathaylisi emabuli emhumeni loya egunjini leSigungu Savelonkhe.  Leligede lekungena lelingumhume lokuholela phasi emnyango lapho kungena khona Emalunga.  Kunatimbili titezi kulamacala omabili alomhume wekungena lokuyisa endzaweni yekuhlala ummango, yebetindzaba, indzwawo yebemave angaphandle nemahhovisi.  Ngesikhatsi Senkhulumo Yemengameli Lemayelana Nesimo Selive nekuvakasha kwaboHulumende kundlalwa ikhaphethi lebovu kulomhume ihambe ite iyofika emnyango weMalunga. 



Sigungu Savelonkhe

Leligumbi lilikhaya lemihlangano yeSigungu Savelonkhe kanye nemihlangano yeTindlu totimbili.  Kungunyalo, Emalunga Ephalamende langu-400 ahlangana lapha kutoshaya umtsetfo nekubuka umsebenti waHulumende.  Mengameli uhlala esandleni sekudla saSomlomo, esihlalweni lesineluphawu.  Licembu letepolitiki lelibusako lihlala esandleni sekudla saSomlomo bese kutsi emacembu laphikisako abe ngasesincele.  Ngukuleligumbi lapho khona ngesikhatsi selubandlululo Mengameli wakudzala FW de Klerk wamemetela khona kukhululeka ekudzingisweni kwe-ANC naletinye tinhlangano tetepolitiki.  Emva kwemalanga layimfica, mhlaka 11 Indlovana-1990, Nelson Mandela wakhululwa ejele emva kweminyaka lengetulu kwa-27.  Ngemcimbi lomkhulu nga-1994, Mnu Mandela wamukelwa njengaMengameli wekucala waseNingizimu Afrika lokhetfwe ngentsandvo yelinyenti.(maybe a link to the speech)    



Lesicongo lesingembi kwaSomlomo sisetjentiswa uma kunetivakashi talamanye emave noma uma Mengameli noma Tindvuna tematiko tiphendvula imibuto.  Uma kunemphikiswano, noma uma Emalunga enta titatimende avamise kusebentisa lesicongo, kodvwa bangenta tatiso tesiphakamiso noma babute imibuto bese bafaka ticondziso basetitulweni tabo, letifakwe imishini yekubamba umsindvo.  Kuleso naleso situlo kuneluhlelo lwekuvota lwagezi lekucinisekisa kutsi kuvota kufihlakele, kodvwa licembu ngalinye liyakhona kubona kutsi mangaki emalunga alo lavotele umtsetfo noma laphikisene nawo.  



Situlo saSihlalo

Situlo saSihlalo sakhiwe endzaweni lephakanyisiwe ecaleni lelisekugcineni kweLigumbi leSigungu Savelonkhe.  Kusukela lapha Somlomo wengamela tinchubo Tendlu.  





Somlomo wekucala wePhalamende yentsandvo yelinyenti, Dkt Frene Ginwala, wahlela kutsi baholi bemacembu etepolitiki lamancane batfole indzawo etitulweni letisembili, kute bonkhe bavoti babone emacembu abo lebawakhetsile.  Uma kunemhlangano weTindlu totimbili, sibonelo, uma Mengameli atfula Inkhulumo Lemayelana Nesimo Selive, titulo tiyangetwa kulendzawo lesemkhatsini kwetinhlangotsi totimbili kute kuhlaliswe emalunga Emkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza. 



Ligumbi le-Old Assembly



Leligumbi le-Old Assembly belisetjentiswa yiPhalamende kusukela kwasungulwa i-Union nga-1910, kwate kwakhetfwa hulumende wekucala wentsandvo yelinyenti nga-1994.  Nga-1994 iPhalamende yakudzala yacitfwa kuleLigumbi: lekwabayintfo leluphawu lolukhombisa kuphela kweLubandlululo, nemitsetfo yalo.  Nga-1961 iNingizimu Afrika yashiya iCommonwealth, yaba yiPhiphabhlikhi.  Emva kwetinyanga letine iNingizimu Afrika ishiye Inhlangano Yetive Letinebudlelwane yaba yiRiphabhlikhi, Dimitri Tsafendas wagwaza wabulala Ndvunankhulu, Dkt Hendrik Verwoerd, lapho bekahleli khona.



Leligumbi nyalo lisetjentiswa nakulalelwa imibono yemmango, kushaya imitsetfo nekwenta umsebenti wePhalamende wekungamela.  Ibuye isetjentiswe njengendzawo yekuhlangana kubanjwe tingcungcuthela, emacembu nemakomidi kanye nekubamba imihlangano yangasese ye-ANC neYemibono Yemmango.


Ligumbi lekudlela le-Old Assembly



Leligumbi lekudlela le-Old Assembly beliyincenye yesakhiwo lesingiso sanga-1885, lisebenta njengeNdlu Yesigungu Sesishayamtsetfo saseKapa.  Emva kwekusungulwa kwe-Union nga-1910, Lendlu Yesigungu yangetwa.  LeNdlu yaHulumende waseKapa yaba yindlu yekudlela yamalunga netivakashi.  Ndvunankhulu wemaNgisi Harold McMillan watfula inkhulumo yakhe i “Wind of Change” kuleligumbi nga-1960, abona kucala kwendlela leya enkhululekweni yamave ase-Afrika langaphasi kwemaNgisi. 



Ligumbi lekuhlala leMkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza

Leligumbi lekuhlala Lemkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza belatiwa ngekutsi yiQueen’s Hall icanjwe isuselwa kuNdlovukati Victoria, futsi leligama lagcinwa kwate kwaba ngu-1961.  Yabitwa ngeGallery hall nga-1961 uma iNingizimu Afrika iba yiRiphabhlikhi.



Esiyilweni saleLigumbi lekuhlala kunephethini leyentiwe salubumba lebeyivamile ngesikhatsi saVictoria. 



Indlu ye-NCOP

Lena Yindlu ye-NCOP, ngulenye yetakhiwo letibaluleke kakhulu emlandvweni weMtsetfosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, loniketa takhamuti tetifundza tonkhe kumelelwa ePhalamende.  Imitsetfo letsintsa tifundza kuphikiswana ngayo kubuye kuvunyelwane ngayo kulenandlu.  I-NCOP inemalunga lalishumi labuya esifundzeni ngasinye – lasitfupha ngulahlala ngalokugcwele nemalunga lamane lasipeshali. 



Kulendlu, emalunga ahlala ngetifundza labuya kuto abuye avote njengencenye yesifundza.  Bavoti banelivoti leliseceleni lekukhetsa emalunga Etishayamtsetfo aleTifundza letiyimfica, njalo emva kweminyaka lesihlanu, ngalelolanga lelukhetfo lwavelonkhe.  Sifundza ngasinye Sinesiphandla saso Selive lesibonakaliswe egunjini Lemkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza. 



Litafula laMengameli lelineluphawu NCOP



Uma Mengameli amenyiwe kutsi ahambele umhlangano Emkhandlwini Wavelonkhe Wetifundza, uhlala emgceni wekucala esandleni sekudla saSihlalo, esitulweni lesineluphawo lwesiphandla selive.



Indzawo levulekile e-NCOP



 Indzawo levulekile ye-NCOP isetjentiswa kuhlalisa tivakashi letibalulekile nemmango uma ute ePhalamende. 



Siphandla Selive

Siphandla/luphawu lwelive laseNingizimu Afrika siluphawu lolukhulu lolubonakalako lwaHulumende.  Emkhatsini walomfanekiso kubonakala iPhrothiya lenkhulu, imbali yelive, lemele kuvana kwawo onkhe emasiko, nekugcama kwelive njengesive.  Ngenhla kwephrothiya kunentinginono lephakamise timphiko, nelilanga lelisaphuma.  Tindlebe takolweni timele kunotsa kwemhlaba, bese kutsi ematinyo endlovu amela kuhlakanipha, emandla nekubambelela. 





Siphandla Selive 2

Emkhatsini, lihawu limele kuvikeleka kwebantfu baseNingizimu Afrika, ngaphasi kunesikhali nesagila, lekubekelwe kucinisa kuvikela kuthula kunekuma tikhombise imphi.  Emkhatsini walelihawu kunetitfombe tesive semaKhoisan, lekungibo labacala kuhlala kulelive.  Lemifanekiso itsetfwe etitfombeni seLinton Stone, lekusibonelo lesidvume umhlaba wonkhe semsebenti webuciko wematje.  Lesicubulo salesiphandla selive sitsi “hlanganani bantfu betinhlanga letihlukahlukene” noma “bantfu labahlukene abahlangane ndzawonye”, ngelulwimi lwebantfu be/Xam: !ke e:/xarra//ke (provide link to parliamentary website for audio pronunciation)

Umnyango weNdlovukati ebhilidini le-NCOP

Umnyango weNdlovukati utfolakala ePhalamende yaseKapa yakucala leyasungulwa nga-1885.  Bekungenwa kuyo uma uya Endlini, eceleni kwemnyango weCompany Gardens.  Leligama lelitsi Company Gardens lisukela kuDutch East India Company leyatfumela Jan naMaria Van Riebeeck eKapa nga-1652.  Takhiwo letinsha letiluchungechunge tangetwa kuletakhiwo tePhalamende emva kwekuba lamakholoni lamabili eBrithane (iKapa neNatal) nema Riphabhlikhi emaBhunu lamabili (iTransvaal ne-Orange Free State) ahlanganisiwe abe yi-Union of South Africa nga- 1910.   





Ilayibhrari (kuphuma endzaweni yekuhlala esakhiweni se-NCOP)

ilayibhrari itfolakala uma uphuma endzaweni yekuhlala esakhiweni se-NCOP.  Nga-1857 sisusa selayibhrari sasungulwa ngekugcogca tincwadzi lebetisetjentiswa Sigungu Sesishayamtsetfo lesidzala kanye neMkhandlu Wesishayamtsetfo.  Nga-1910, uma kusungulwa i-Union, leligcogco laba yiLayibhrari yePhalamende.  Nga-1919, tincwadzi letingakavami, titfombe, emabalave nemidvwebo kwangetwa, lokwagcina kuba Ligcogco Lelisipeshali.  



Eminyakeni lengu-150 leyengca kwaba khona kutfutfuka lokumangalisako kulesisusa Selayibhrari, lokufaka ekhatsi ligcogco la Sidney Mendelssohn.  Nga-1917, wanikelela iPhalamende ngeligcogco lakhe le-Africana lelicuketse tintfo letingu-7 000.  Kunetincwadzi letingu-200 000 elayibhari, lekufaka ekhatsi imibhalo yakudzala lebalulekile yeNingizimu Afrika ne-Afrika.



Imisebenti yebuciko yePhalamende

Leminye imisebenti yebuciko lekuboniswa ngayo elubondzeni lwemsamo yimisebenti yemdvwebi longucwepheshe, Francois Le valliant.  Bekasivakashi saseFrance lesahamba kakhulu eMphumalanga naseNyakatfo yeKapa emkhatsini kwa1781 na 1784.

Lemidvwebo yemibalabala iveta letindzawo letihanjiwe.



Lemisebenti yebuciko, tintfo tebuciko nelgcogco lwetintfo letimagugu letisePhalamende tilondvolotiwe, tabhalwa phansi taphindza tanakekelwa, Lihhovisi Lemisebenti Yebuciko yasePhalamende futsi umphakatsi unelilungelo lekuwubona.  Leligcogco lubaluleke kakhulu emlandvweni futsi liligugu, kodvwa alumelanga bonkhe bantfu nayo yonkhe imisebenti yebuciko yalelive.  Iphalamende yetama kumelela bonkhe bantfu ngekukhombisa buciko lobumelele wonkhe umuntfu waseNingizimu Afrika.  Imisebenti lemisha naletinhlobohlobo iyafunwa kute kubukiswe ngayo, kwentelwe kutsi imisebenti yebuciko yePhalamende ichubekele embili kunekutsi iphelele lapha.  



IKeiskamma Thephesthri

Ikeiskamma thephesthri imele bocwepheshe labaningi bemidvwebo, kunekumela umdvwebi ngamunye.  Lengucuko lebonakalako lesimanga eNingizimu Afrika ibonakaliswa yiKeiskamma Thephesthri emabondzeni etakhiwo te-Old Assembly.  LeThephesthri lekhombisa umlandvo wemzabalazo waseNingizimu Afrika yentiwa bomake base-Mphumalanga Kapa, futsi ifaka imifanekiso lesukela kumabhrosha lanelwatiso ngelukhetfo, laniketwa bavoti baseNingizimu Afrika elukhetfweni lwekucala lwentsandvo yelinyenti.



Libhokisi lembukiso lelisekungeneni egunjini lelingaphasi, emnyango eGOLD CARD 2



Indvukubukhosi yeligolide leyaphiwa iPhalamende  yiTransvaal and Orange Free State Chamber of Mines nga-1963, yatsatselwa sikhundla Yindvukubukhosi  yebantfu.  Lokufakwe ngetulu Kulendvukubukhosi yebantfu yincwadzi levulekile (lemelele Umtsetfosisekelo), lenesigubhu lesibita labamelele sive kutsi bahlangane emhlanganweni lotsite.  



Libhokisi lembukiso lelisegunjini lelisetulu

Tintfo letiningi nemabhokisi tibonisiwe ephaseji lehlangana nelibhilidi leMkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza.  Umtsetfo losayiniwe wekusungula i –Union of South Africa nga-910 ubonisiwe, lonesivalo sebukhosi, kanye nemtsetfo wanga-1961 wekusungula iRhiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika. 





Emabhokisi embukiso lasegunjini lelisetulu

Situlo lebesisetjentiswa boSomlomo bePhalamende yaseKapa sagcina sisetjentiswa Sigungu Savelonkhe 

Indvukubukhosi lendzala lesebhokisini lembukiso ifana naleyo lebeyisetjentiswa yiHouse of Commons yaseNgilandi.  Lendvuku beyivamise kubekwa kutreseli eTafuleni Lesigungu Lesikhulu.



Emabhokisi lembukiso lasegunjini lelisetulu

Kulendzawo lena kunemibukiso leminingi lenaloku:

Die Stem

Liculo lesive lelabhalwa ngu-CJ Langenhoven alibhalela i-Union of South Africa, “Die Stem” liboniswe lapha, eceleni kweluhlu lwekuhlonipha labo labashona etimphini temhlaba totimbili, lapho kunemagama emasotja ebantfu labamnyama labukelwe phasi abhalwa ngemuva Kwetincwadzi Esikhumbuto.

Libhokisi lelinesigcoko setinwele

Sigcoko setinwele sabosihlalo nebasebenti labasemtsetfweni bematafula aseSigungwini Lesikhulu nalawo eSinethi, sagcina kusetjentiswa nga-Bhimbidvwane- 1987 emva kwemhlangano weTindlu  totimbili weMakomidi Emitsetfo Netindlela Letimisiwe, nanoma-ke lesigcoko setinwele sagcina kugcokwa nga-1994.



LAMANYE EMABHOKISI EMBUKISO

Ticucwana letincane tematje latsatfwa enyangeni, taniketwa iNingizimu Afrika nguMengameli Richard Nixon, nato tiboniswe.  









