Umgubho Wekuhlonipha Lusha LwaseNingizimu Afrika

Sendlalelo
Nga-1974, Hulumende welubandlululo wancuma kuphindza aletse umtsetfo lowatanywa ngu-Dkt. HF Verwoerd kodvwa wahluleka kuwusebentisa nga-1953, ngalesikhatsi abambe sikhundla seteMfundvo. Hulumende wangaleso sikhatsi washaya ngenkhani umtsetfo wa-”50/50” lotsi Sibhunu kufanele kube lulwimi lwekufundzisa Imetametiki, Tifundvo Tetenhlalo  bese kutsi Isayensi, Kubata kanye Nemisebenti Yetebuciko Neyetandla yona ifundziswe ngeSingisi.  Labacala kuzabalaza kwaba bothishela nebatali.  

Nga-1975, eMabhodi Etikolwa letisikhombisa atjela bothishela kutsi bangafundzisi ngeSibhunu, lokwabanga kutsi Bosihlalo beBhodi labasihlanu bacoshwe Litiko Letemfundvo Yalabamnyama.   

Nga-1976, kwenyanywa kwaloluhlobo Lwemfundvo yeBantfu labamnyama kwakhula kakhulu.  Kwatsi kusalungiselelwa tibhelu tanga-1976, bafundzi baseSoweto babhala sicubulo sabo lesitsi “Ngena Utofundza, Uphume Uyosebenta,” esangweni lekungena lalesinye setikolwa semabanga lasetulu.  

Ngendlovulenkhulu kulowo mnyaka Sibhunu sabekwa njengelulwimi lwekufundzisa kuletinye tikolwa taseSoweto, kwacala kundlondlobala kuzabalazela umtsetfo wa-50/50. 

Mhlaka 17 Inkhwekhweti tikolwa tacala kuhlela imishuco yekudvuba kufundza, tifuna kutsi Sibhunu singasetjentiswa njengelulwimi lwekufundzisa. 

NgeNhlaba, letinye tikolwa tala kubhala luhlolo lwato lweTifundvo Tetenhlalo ngeSibhunu tabuye tatsembisa kutsi titawudvuba lonkhe loluhlolo lwangeNhlaba. 

Ngelisontfo mhlaka 13 Inhlaba kwabanjwa umhlangano, kwavunyelwana kutsi titawumasha eSoweto mhlaka 16 na 17 Inhlaba bese bagcina ngembutsano wawonkhewonkhe ngaLesihlanu, mhlaka 18 Inhlaba.  Emhlanganweni wangeLisontfo kwasungulwa Likomiti lelibitwa ngekutsi yiSoweto Action Committee (SAC), belinemalunga lamabili aleso naleso sikolwa saseSoweto semabanga lasetulu.  Lelikomiti lakhetselwa kuhlela lemashi yekuthula lebeyihleliwe.    
 
I-SAC nabobonkhe labebakhona kulomhlangano bafungiswa kugcina imfihlo mhla tingu13 Inhlaba, kute emacebo abo angatsikametwa timpimpi.  Etinsukwini letintsatfu letitako bayisakata indzaba bakhipha neticondziso letiphutfumako ngalabatakwenta ngalolosuku.   

NgaLesitsatfu ekuseni,16 Inhlaba 1976, bantfwana besikolwa bayo yonkhe iSoweto bahlangana etindzaweni letingetulu kwale-12 batomasha.  Emamashali abaniketa emaplakhadi labhalwe ticubulo ngesandla letifana naleti”Phasi ngeSibhunu” nekutsi “Sibhunu lulwimi lweluhlanga lolutsite”  

Kubaluleka kwamhlaka 16 Inhlaba
Lelilanga leli ngulelibaluleke kakhulu emzabalazweni welusha lwaseNingizimu Afrika lowacala kudzala wachubeka kwate kwafika intsandvo yelinyenti nga- 1994.  Tibhelu taseSoweto, lekuyintfo lebalulekile yemzabalazo welusha, tasusa luchungechunge lwemishuco lebeyicedvwa ngeludlame nguHulumende welubandlululo. Bantfu labaningi bafa, emakhulukhulu aboshwa kantsi labanye balishiya lelive bayojoyina emacembu etepolitiki lasekudzingisweni.  Kubaluleka kwamhlaka 16 Inhlaba 1976 kusekutseni bekukhombisa kutidzela buntfu bakho, kutinikela enkhululekweni nasekukhutsateni sive sonkhe.  

Kuphindze kuholele ekutfutfukiseni inchubo yemfundvo lehlonipha sitfunti semuntfu, kuhlukahlukana ngemasiko, inkhululeko yekukhetsa nekucinisekisa kwandza kwematfuba.

Tinyatselo netento telusha lwangabo-70 tafaka sandla kakhulu ekwakheni likusasa lelive letfu.  Njengebaholi bakusasa bakhona kucacisa lapho baphikelele khona nekuvula indlela lebafuna kuyilandzela.  Ngembononchanti wabo, kwenta nekutikhandla kwabo bakhutsata imphi yekulwa naHulumende locindzetelanako, lokwagcine kuletse intsandvo yelinyenti. 

Bantfu labasha basachubeka ngekudlala indzima lebalulekile kakhulu emphakatsini kantsi naHulumende wentsandvo yelinyenti utinikele ekutfutfukiseni lusha lolubaholi bakusasa nebatfutfukisi benkhululeko yetfu lesiyitfole matima. Kunakwa kwelusha kuholele ekusungulweni kweYouth Development Agency (YDA)) letsetse sikhundla seKhomishini Yelusha Yavelonkhe (National Youth Commission nesikhwama seMsobomvu, njengesikhungo sahulumende lesibukene netintfo telusha.

Tinselele Telusha
Lusha lwanamuhla lubukene netinselele letifaka ekhatsi linani lelisetulu lekungasebenti, buphuya kanye nebugebengu.  Kungasebenti kukhungetse tonkhe tinhlanga telusha, kusukela kulabanaMatikuletjeni kuya kulabaneticu tetikhungo temfundvo letisezingeni lelisetulu.   

Lusha lwaseNingizimu Afrika luphindze lubukane nenselele lebangwa tifo temacasi naletitsatselwanako, kufaka ekhatsi i-HIV/Aids.

Emakhaya laholwa lusha noma bantfwana andze kakhulu ngenca yekufa kwebatali lokubangelwa tifo letitinchakela letihambelana ne-HIV/Aids, njenge-TB. 

Inselele lenkhulu lebukene nalelive isekwenteni bantfu labasha bati imvelaphi yabo, bati umlandvo nekubakhutsata kutsi bahlale batsandza live labo.  Uma sibuka lisasasa lelikhonjiswe bantfu labasha kulolukhetfo lwentsandvo yelinyenti lwesine, kuba ngumzabalazo losewuncotjiwe.

Ematfuba Elusha
Hulumende wentsandvo yelinyenti ute netinhlelo letifana Nenhlangano Yekutfutfukisa Lusha Yavelonkhe (National Youth Development Agency (NDA)) leniketwe ligunya lekubukana netindzaba telusha, kusuka kumigomo kuye entfutfukweni.  Indvuna leseHhovisi leMengameli ngiyo lebukene naleNhlangano.  I-NDA isikhungo lesisungulwe nguHulumende kute ibukane ngco netinselele bantfu labasha labahlangabetana nato, kantsi-ke njengeNhlangano lebukene nekusekela ngetimali intfutfuko, kuhloswe kuvetwa ematfuba emisebenti, nekutfutfukiswa kwemakhono, elusha lwaseNingizimu Afrika.  

Inhloso lenkhulu kanye nekugcizelela kubaluleka kwemfundvo kubonakaliswa kahle ngekwehlukaniswa kwetiNdvuna Temfundvo Lesisekelo kanye neMfundvo Lechubekako Nekucecesha, kucinisekisa kutsi letikhungo tiyanakisiswa.

Umsebenti wePhalamende ekutfutfukiseni Lusha
IPhalamende inemakomiti lafana neLikomiti Lesigungu Savelonkhe Lalabasikati, Bantfwana, neBantfu Labanekukhubateka, lelibukene netintfo letitsintsa lusha. Lawa Makomiti asebenta kugadza tindzaba telusha nekubuka imitsetfo letsintsa bantfu labasha.

IPhalamende ngaleligunya layo lekushaya imitsetfo, ishaye imitsetfo leminingi njengeMtsetfo Lomkhakhubanti Wekutfutfukiswa Kwemnotfo Walabamnyama (Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act), 2003, Umtsetfo Wekutfutfukiswa Kwemakhono (Skills Development Act) wanga-1988, kanye Nemtsetfo Wekucashwa Ngekulingana (Employment Equity Act). 

IPhalamende ngemsebenti wayo wekwengamela, yengamele kusetjentiswa kwemitsetfo leshayiwe lefaka ekhatsi leyo lebukene nelusha lwalelive. 

Lusha lwaseNingizimu Afrika lungalibamba njani lichaza ePhalamende
Kwenta iPhalamende ifinyeleleke, kuneluhlelo lolubitwa ngekutsi “Kuhlangana Nelilunga” lapho bantfu labasha bangahlangana nalinye Lilunga Lephalamende etindzabeni letibukene nabo.  Bangabuye bavakalise luvo lwabo ngekwenta tetfulo temlomo noma letibhaliwe.  

Lusha luphindze lube yincenye yemmango longahambela Imihlangano yeMakomiti lapho umsebenti lomningi wasePhalamende wenteka khona, bangaphindze bahambele kuyobuka uma Indlu ihleli, bangete lwati nekukhalipha kwabo.

IPhalamende inetintfo letehlukahlukene letibukene netikhungo letihlukile, sibonelo, iPhalamende Yelusha (lebanjwa njalo Ngenyanga Yelusha) lapho kucocwa khona ngetintfo leticondzene nelusha nalapho kubamba khona lichaza bantfu labasha kuphela, kantsi nenchubo yonkhe ibhekiswe kubo.

Umtsetfosisekelo uphoca iPhalamende kutsi ifake ummango etintfweni nasenchubeni tayo, ngako-ke lusha njengencenye yemmango luyamenywa njalo kutsi lufake sandla etintfweni tePhalamende, njengeKulalela Luvo Lwemmango, Inkhulumo yekuvulwa kwePhalamende kanye naletinye tinhlelo tekusita netekubamba lichaza emimangweni.



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