Umlandvo webetindzaba eNingizimu Afrika ubonisa imitsambo nekwehlukana kwemphakatsi kanye nekusatjalaliswa kwemandla. Incabhayi yengucuko ngekwentsandvo yelinyenti itsintsa yonkhe imikhakha yemphilo yetenhlalakahle, kufaka ekhatsi tikhungo netinchubo tebetindzaba.
Hulumende utibophelele ekusunguleni sikhungo lesitawunconota kufinyeleleka kwebetindzaba ngemacembu labekelwe ecadzini kanye nasekutfutfukiseni nekwehlukahlukana kwebetindzaba. Loku kulandzela sincumo seKhabhinethi lesesekeleke esiphakamisweni seComtask nga-1996. Kuhambisana neMtsetfosisekelo, luCwebu lwemaLungelo kanye neluHlelo lweKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa kantsi futsi kugcugcutelwa luHlelo lwaVelonkhe lwekuSebenta ekuTfutfukiseni nasekuVikeleni emaLungelo eLuntfu, lolugcizelela inkhululeko yekuveta luvo kanye nekwehlukahlukana kwebetindzaba, kanye nesidzingo sekucinisekisa kutsi loku kuyazuzwa. Kulandzela umtamo longazange ube yimphumelelo wetinhlangano temphakatsi tekusungula lomtimba ekucaleni kweminyaka yabo-1990.
Kugcugcutelwa kwesiKhungo sekuTfutfukiswa nekweHlukahlukana kwebetiNdzaba (iMedia Development and Diversity Agency -iMDDA) kwesekeleke kusidzingo semtimba wabocwepheshe labahlonishwako betetindzaba kanye naletinye ticukutfwane tasemphakatsini letitawutfutfukisa emakhono macondzana nekutfutfukiswa nekwehlukahlukana, ngekufaka imali, kuhlelembisa nelucwaningo, kanye nekucinisekisa kuzuzwa kwawo. Itawusebenta ngaphasi kwemigomo lesisekelo yekuphatsa ngekuhlanganyela ngeligunya kanye nemitfombolusito ledzingekile. Itawusebenta ngekungeyamani nahulumende, imboni yebetindzaba kanye nalabanye besekeli.
Njengobe umhlaba uya ngekunonopha ucondze emphakatsini lonelwati, kubalulekile kutsi tonkhe takhamuti tifinyelele eluchungechungeni lolwenabile lwemininingwano nemibono khona titawufaka ligalelo ngalokubonakalako kumhlaba loya ngekuba ngulohlanganisele emazingeni asekhaya, kuvelonkhe nakumhlabawonkhe. Hulumende wente kutsi kufinyeleleka kwemininingwano kube yincenye yeluhlelo lwakhe lwekwakha kabusha nekutfutfukisa.
IMDDA, njengeluhlelo lwetiKhungo temPhakatsi tetiNhloso-tinyenti, ikusungula lokusisekelo mayelana nalomgomo. Itawusita ekuguculeni simondzawo setekuchumana ngendlela leyakha takhiwoncanti iphindze igcugcutele kuvumbuka kwebetindzaba lababonisa sipiliyoni nembono walabo lababekelwe ecadzini. Ngalamanye emavi, nanobe iMDDA ingeke ngekwayo iletse ingucuko lephelele kubetindzaba, ngemisebenti yekufaka imali, kuhlelembisa nelucwaningo, itawudlala indzima lenkhulu ekuguculeni kwendlaleka kwebetindzaba ngendlela letawulungela tingucuko letenabile.
Kutfutfukiswa kwebetindzaba kufaka ekhatsi kunconotwa kwesimondzawo lesivumela kusitwa kwekulungiswa kwekukhishelwa ngaphandle nekubekelwa ecadzini kwemacembu netimfuno ekufinyeleleni kubetindzaba - njengebanikati, baphatsi nebahleli betetindzaba. Kwehlukahlukana kwebetindzaba kumayelana nekucinisekisa kutsi tonkhe timfuno nemikhakha inekufinyelela lokukhonakalako kumibono nemitfombo yemininingwano leluchungechunge lebonisa simo semphakatsi wakitsi ngalokugcwele.
Kuzuzwa kwekwehlukahlukana kuphindze kuhlelenjiswe kutfolakala, kuluchungechunge lwebetindzaba, labancance nalabakhulu, kwetindlela tekusabalalisa.
Nanobe kunalokunyenti lokwentiwe seloku kwangena intsandvo yelinyenti ekusombululeni tinkinga tekutfutfukiswa nekwehlukahlukana kwebetindzaba, kuyabonakala kutsi akuzange kwenele. Kushuba kwesakhiwoncanti sebetindzaba ngekwemali seloku kuphasi. Bunikati betetindzaba busaloku busehlangotsini lunye futsi abuhlangabetani netidzingo tawo onkhe emacembu netimfuno. Kumelelwa solo akugculisi kumazinga ebaphatsi, bahleli kanye nebasebenti jikelele.
Sipiliyoni saseNingizimu Afrika siye sabonisa kutsi tingcayingcayi temamakethe, ematfuba emalayisensi ekusakata kanye netingucuko ebunikatini, nanobe kubalulekile, angeke ngekwako kuzuze lengucuko ngalokuphelele. Kusungula lokufana neMDDA kuyadzingeka kutsi kukwati kubhebhetsela loluhlelo.
Kucatsanisa ngesipiliyoni:
Sipiliyoni samhlabawonkhe sibonisa kutsi tinhlelo tekwesekela kutfutfukiswa nekwehlukahlukana kwebetindzaba atisitinsha. Tiye tasetjentiswa eYurophu kusukela eminyakeni yabo-1950 ngendlela yekutsi tingcayingcayi temamakethe ngekwato kuphela betingeke tikwati kutfola kwehlukahlukana. Lokusempeleni, bufakazi ngukutsi imakethe ngekwayo yeyamele ekuciniseni luhlangotsi lunye, lokungavimbela inkhululeko yekuveta luvo kanye nekwehlukahlukana kwemibono.
Umtamo wekucala wekusungula luhlaka lwekutikhetsela lwekwesekela, i-Independent Media Diversity Trust, uye wehluleka ngenca yekwesweleka kwekwesekelwa ngetimali. Loku kuye kwachubekisa umbono wekutsi kusungula kuphela lokwesekeleke ebudlelwaneni nahulumende nebetindzaba, futsi lokwesekeleke ngeligunya lemtsetfo, kutawuba neligalelo lelivakalako.
IMDDA itawuba ngumtimba lotimele ngaphasi kwemtsetfo, usebenta ngekungeyamani nahulumende, umkhakha wangasese kanye nalabanye besekeli. Ligunya layo litawuba kugcugcutela kwehlukahlukana nekutfutfukiswa kwebetindzaba letishicilelwe, letisakatwako "naletinsha".
IMDDA itawuba neliBhodi lelinebantfu labayimfica labenyulwe yiPhalamende ngeluhlelo lwasemphakatsini, bese bakhetfwa nguMengameli. Tikhala kuleliBhodi titawubekelwa labo labenyulwe kuhulumende, betindzaba letishicilelwe, betindzaba letisakatwako kanye nebetindzaba temphakati, bese kutsi letisihlanu letisele tenyulwe ngumphakatsi. LiBhodi litawukhetsa siPhatsimandla leseNgamele (iCEO), ngekubambisana neliBhodi, lesitawukhetsa basebenti labacecesheke ngalokusetulu futsi labanemakhono lanabile ngekwemitfombolusito.
Ngaphandle kwendzima lesembili yekwesekela betetindzaba, iMDDA itawugcugcutela lucwaningo iphindze yente tiphakamiso kuhulumende, imboni yebetindzaba kanye naleminye imitimba letsintsekako. IMDDA itawusebentisana nayo yonkhe imitimba lenenshisekelo ngco nobe lengakacondzi ngco ekutfutfukisweni nasekwehlukahlukaneni kwebetindzaba. IMDDA itawubamba umhlanganomnyaka webabambimsuka lapho leyo mitimba itawudzingidza umbikomnyaka weMDDA.
Bazuzi kanye neluhlobo lwekwesekela:
Bazuzi labasembili bekwesekelwa-ngco naloko lokungakacondzi-ngco kutawuba betetindzaba temphakatsi, kanye nebetindzaba tekuhweba labancane, kufaka ekhatsi bemsakato, bethelevishini, betindzaba letishicilelwe kanye naletinsha. Kutawuba nekugcizelela ikakhulukati kumiklamo leletsa imiphakatsi nemikhakha lencishwe ematfuba - ikakhulukati labasikati, bantfu basemaphandleni, labakhubatekile, bantfu labangakafundzi, labasebentako kanye nebantfu labaphuyile - emshikashikeni wemininingwano nekuchumana.
Kwesekelwa kutawuba ngeluhlobo lwemali nalokungesiko kweluhlobo lwemali, futsi kutawufaka ekhatsi tibonelelo-ngco naleto letingakacondzi ngco; kwesekelwa ngemali esimeni lesiphutfumako; kutfutfukiswa kwesizindza; kuceceshwa; kuhlatiywa kwemklamo kanye nelucwaningo lwetetindzaba. Itawuphindze yente tincomo ekwesekeleni betetindzaba labadzinga kubolekwa imali, ngaphasi kwetinchubo tayo tekuhlatiya.
Umgomo lotawube ucondzisa iMDDA ekutsatseni tincumo mayelana nekwesekela ngetimali nekwenta tincomo ngekubolekwa kwemali kutawuba ligalelo lelentiwa ngulemiklamo ekutfutfukisweni nasekwehlukahlukaneni kwebetindzaba. Itawetama kunconota kusimama, kanye nekwesekela imiklamo
Umcombelelotimali weMDDA:
IMDDA idzinga imali leyenele kutsi ihlangabetane netindleko tekwakha budlelwano, kucecesha, imalimbasha netekusebenta, kanye neluphenyo lwekutsi ngabe ematfuba ekuphumelela kwayo angakanani nekuhlatiywa kwemklamo. Itawuphindze igcugcutele lucwaningo ngekutfutfukiswa nekwehlukahlukana kwebetindzaba. Tidzingo tayo tekusebenta, kufaka ekhatsi kuhlatiywa kwemklamo, kumele kungameli lokungenani 12% wetindleko setitonkhe.
Imitfombolusito ledzingekile kutsi kubukanwe nalokusalela emuva losekuvele kukhona ifinyelela kutigidzi letingu- R256, eminyakeni lesihlanu.
Hulumende ekucaleni utawufaka kubili kulokutsatfu kwemcombelelotimali, bese imboni yebetindzaba ifake incenye yesitsatfu. Kumele kucashelwe kutsi ligalelo lahulumende litawufaka ekhatsi kwesekelwa kwetakhiwoncanti temisakato yemiphakatsi nekutfutfukiswa kwetinhlelo lokuvele kuniketwa ngaphasi kweLitiko leTekuchumana, kanye naleminye imitfombolusito levela kumadlelandzawonye esicu nemasu netikhungo letinjenge-Universal Service Agency.
