

















LiTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko



























LUHLAKA LWENCHUBOMGOMO YELULWIMI YAVELONKHE









UmBhalo wekuGcina

























13 Novemba 2002



2









LOKUCUKETFWE





















LIVI  LEKWANDVULELA  LENDVUNA  YELITIKO  LETEBUCIKO,  EMASIKO,
 
3
 

 

 
ISAYENSI NE-THEKHINOLOJI
 

 

 

 
LUHLU LWEMABINTANA
 
4
 

 

 
SIGABA 1
 
IMVELAPHI KANYE NENGCIKITSI
 
5
 

 

 

 

 
5
 

 

 
1.1
 
Singeniso
 

 

 

 

 

 
6
 

 

 
1.2
 
Ingcikitsi lengumlandvo
 
7
 

 

 
1.3
 
Ingcikitsi lesishayamtsetfo
 
10
 

 

 
SIGABA 2
 
TINCENYE LETIBALULEKILE TALENCHUBOMGOMO
 

 

 

 

 

 
10
 

 

 
2.1
 
Tinjongo
 

 

 

 

 

 
10
 

 

 
2.2
 
Imigomo
 
11
 

 

 
2.3
 
Indlela yekwenta
 
12
 

 

 
2.4
 
Bubanti
 

 
15
 

 

 
SIGABA 3
 
KWAKHIWA KWEMAKHONO ELUNTFU
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SIGABA 4
 
EMACEBO EKUSETJENTISWA
 
17
 

 

 
LUHLU LWEMATHEMU
 
19
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
























































Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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LIVI LEKWANDVULELA LENDVUNA YELITIKO LETEBUCIKO, EMASIKO, ISAYENSI NETHEKHINOLOJI, DKT B S NGUBANE



Lulwumi lwemuntfu ngetindlela letinyenti “luyincenye yesibili yemuntfu”, intfo leyimvelo yaloyo naloyo muntfu lophile kahle, lesiveta ngayo ematsemba etfu kanye netinjogo, sicacisa imicabango kanye nalokubalulekile kitsi, sifundza lesihlangabetana nako kanye nemasiko, nekwakha umphakatsi wetfu kanye nalemitsetfo lewubusako. Kungenca yelulwimi kutsi siphila njengebantfu kulomhlaba lontjintjantjintja njalo. Lilungelo lekusebentisa tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letitsandvwa ngitsi lemukelwe etikwemGomosisekelo wetfu nemTsetfosisekelo wetfu uyakuvuma kutsi tilwimi tebantfu bakitsi tingumtfombo lekumele uciniswe.



Ngiyatigcabha ngekutsi, ngemuva kwenchubo lejulile yekutsintsana, ekugcineni sesisesimeni sekumemetela luhlaka lwenchubomgomo yelulwimi eNingizimu Afrika. Loku kupheleliswa kwenchubo leyacalwa nga-1995, ngalesikhatsi ngicoka liCembu leliseBenta ngekuHlelwa kweluLwimi (LANGTAG) kutongiluleka ngeluhlaka loluvisisekako lwenchubomgomo yelulwimi kanye nelicebo. Lesinyatselo besidzingeke kakhulu uma kubukwa (a) lokweswelakala kwekubeketelelana ngekwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi nekutsi “lobulwiminyenti lobuvela lapho buyindlela leyiyinkinga lebita kakhulu” lebonakala kuletinye tincenye temphakatsi wetfu, futsi (b) nalokusolwa lokungapheli kwebantfu labaphetse tetilwimi ngalemvamisa yekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lunye (bulwiminye) eNingizimu Afrika.





Loluhlaka lwenChubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe luncike kulemiphumela yetinchubo tekutsintsana, ne- LANGTAG kanjalo nangemitamo yeliTiko lami ngekubambisana nesiGungu lesingiBonisako ngenChubomgomo yeluLwimi. Loluhlaka lwenchubomgomo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatfweni kahle kwemitfombo lehlangahlangene yetilwimi tetfu kanye nekuphunyeleliswa kwenjongo yahulumende yekutfutfukisa intsandvo yelinyenti, bulungiswa, kulingana kanye nelubumbano lwavelonkhe. Kungalomoya kutsi kutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu-11 telive letfu njengoba tinendzawo kumTsetfosisekelo wetfu titsatsa indzawo lesemkhatsini kulenchubomgomo.





LoluHlaka lweNchubomgomo luphindze lunake leliphuzu lekutsi lizinga letilwimi tetfu lincunywa ngalokukhulu kusetjentiswa kwato kutemnotfo, nakucociswana kanye netepolitiki. Uma lulwimi lulahlekelwa kubaluleka kwalo kulomkhakha lizinga lalolulwimi liyehla. LuHlaka lweNchubomgomo luphindze lunake kutsi sibukene nensalele yekuhlangana kwemhlaba nekutsi tilwimi tetfu tendzabuko kumele tibe yincenye yalendzawo lekhula ngekushesha yetheknoloji. Ngaloko-ke, luhlose kubuyisa simo kanye nekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko taseNingizimu Afrika.





Ngiyetsemba kutsi tonkhe takhamiti taseNingizimu Afrika titawumukela loluHlaka lwenChubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe njengelwabo. Ngiyetsemba kutsi ngekubambisana kumele sicinisekise kutsi inchubomgomo iba liciniso etimphilweni tetfu, iyasicinisekisa futsi isenta sitigcabhe ngesimilo setfu lesihlukile saseNingizimu Afrika yetfu.











…………………………..



DKT B S NGUBANE, LILUNGA LEPHALAMENDE









Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



4















LUHLU LWEMABINTANA













DAC	LiTiko lweTebuciko nemaSiko



DoE	LiTiko leTemfundvo



HLT	IThekhinoloji yeluLwimi lweBantfu



LANGTAG	Licembu lemSebenti wekuHlelwa kweluLwimi



LiEP	Lulwimi etikweNchubomgomo yetemFundvo



MTEF	Luhlaka lweTintfo letitawudla iMali lwesiKhatsi lesiLingene



NLS	Luphiko lwetiLwimi lwaVelonkhe



PanSALB	LiBhodi letiLwimi taseNingizimu Afrika



SADC	Umphakatsi weNtfutfuko we-Afrika leseNtasi



SAQA	Sigungu setiCu eNingizimu Afrika



SASL	Lulwimi lwemaSayini lwaseNingizimu Afrika



TISSA	Umsebenti wekuToliga ngeluCingo seNingizimu Afrika



















































































Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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SIGABA 1: IMVELAPHI KANYE NENGCIKITSI







1.1    Singeniso





Cishe tilwimi letingu-25 letahlukene tiyakhulunywa eNingizimu Afrika, letingu- 11 tato tiniketwe lizinga lekuba semtsetfweni ngekusho kweSigaba 6 semTsetfosisekelo, 1996 (umTsetfo Nombolo. 108 wanga-1996), ngetizatfu tekutsi kusetjentiswa kwato kufaka 98% welinani bantfu leliphelele. 



Letilwimi letingu 11 letisemtsetfweni siNdebele, siChosa, siZulu kanye nesiSwati (lekutsiwa licembu letilwimi tesiNguni); Sisutfu, Sipedi kanye neSitswana (lekutsiwa licembu letilwimi tesiSitfu); siVenda, siTsonga, siNgisi kanye nesiBhunu. 



INingizimu Afrika ilive letilwiminyenti. Inkhomba lehlabako ngebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika nguleliphuzu lekutsi tilwimi tendzabuko letimbalwa tikhulunywa ngesheya kwemincele yetifundza, tisetjentiswa yimiphakatsi lekhulumako yetifundza letihlukile. 



Kwanyalo kunekubonakala lokukhulu kwesidzingo sekucinisa imizamo yekutfutfukisa tilwimi tendzabuko lebetinganakwa ngaphambilini futsi nekutfutukisa bulwiminyenti uma ngabe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika batawukhululwa kulokwetsembela lokwadlulele ekusebentiseni tilwimi letingasito tendzabuko njengetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letibusako tahulumende. 



Kuphatfwa kwekwehlukahlukana ngebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika lengasasiyo yelibandlululo kube yinkhinga ngekuswelakala kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi lechazwe ngalokucacako, lokuholela ekusetjentisweni kwesiNgisi kanye nesiBhunu njengetilwimi letibusako kulemikhakha yetenhlalakahle kanye nepolitiki emphakatsini wetfu. 













Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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Emuva kweminyaka lesiphohlongo yentsandvo yelinyenti, iNingizimu Afrika nyalo seyifike ephuzwini lelibalulekile emlandvweni wayo bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika kumele baphendvule ngekwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi kanye nekwemasiko kanye netinsalela letikumTsetfosisekelo tebulwiminyenti, njengekungeniswa kwaloluHlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe. 



LuHlaka lweNchubomgomo alusunguli kuphela indlela lensha yebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika, kodvwa igcugcutela ngemandla kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko njengetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kute kutsi kuphocelelwe futsi kutfutfukiswe lubumbano lwavelonkhe. Iyakunaka nalokumukeleka lokubanti kwekwehlukahlukana ngebulwiminyenti, bulungiswa bemiphakatsi, lomgomo wekufinyelela ngekulingana kutemisebenti yemphakatsi kanye netinhlelo, kanye nekuhlonipha emalungelo elulwimi. 



Lomculu ubeka sobala luhlaka loluvumako ekwabeni kwetilwiminyenti ngalokulula ngekhatsi kwemincele yemTsetfosisekelo. 







Ingcikitsi lengumlandvo 





Kusukelwa ekuhlaleni kwemaDashi eNingizimu Afrika nga-1652, ngekulandzelana kwetikhatsi tekubusa kwemaNgisi, iNyonyana yaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye nekusungulwa kwembuso welubandlululo kanye neRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika, futsi nentsandvo yelinyenti nga-1994 kanye nalokugunyatwa ngumTsetfosisekelo kwebulwiminyenti lobusemtsetfweni, inchubomgomo yelulwimi yahulumende kanye netiphatsimandla tahluleka kunaka kwehlukahlukana ngebulwiminyenti kwaseNingizimu Afrika. 



Loku kwaholela ekutseni tilwimi tingalingani nekubuswa lapho kubusa kwesiNgisi kanye nesiBhunu kwakha budlelwane lobungalingani emkhatsini waleti tilwimi kanye netilwimi talabamnyama. 













Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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Ngaloko, inchubomgomo yelulwimi yemakholoni kanye neyelubandlululo, ndzawonye netinchubomgomo tetepolitiki netinchubomgomo tenhlalakahle, ngako-ke taniketa kukhula kuloluhla lwetilwimi, lokungalingani lapho khana takhiwo tebuhlaka nekungalingani ngesigaba lokukhombisa umphakatsi waseNingizimu Afrika. 



Tonkhe leti tento tehlisa lizinga lelisetulu letilwimi tendzabuko kanye netinhlobo titilwimi tebantfu base-Afrika nalamanye emacembu labekabadlululwa kufaka ekhatsi labaNgeva etiNdlebeni nalabangaBoni – kufaka buntsamo lukhuni lobubi ngetilwimi talabamnyama, lobungakabanjwa tikhulumi tesiNgisi kanye nesiBhunu kuphela, kodvwa naletinyenti tikhulumi tetilwimi talabamnyama ngekwato. 



Lesimo siciniswa kutsi tinhlangano tahulumende netangasese tivame kutsatsa tincumo tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lokuphikisana nekwentelelwa lokumTsetfosisekelo kanye netidzingo leticondzene netilwimi ngenca yetizatfu tekungacacelwa kahle kanye netekufuna emandla letilwa nekufakwa kwebulwiminyenti. 







1.3    Ingcikitsi yesishayamtsetfo





Sigaba 6 semTsetfosisekelo sentela luhlaka loluphakeme lolusemtsetfweni lwebulwiminyenti, kutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kanye nekukhutsatwa kwenhlonipho nekubeketelelana kulokwehlukahlukana ngebulwiminyenti kwaseNingizimu Afrika. Sincuma emalungelo elulwimi lwetakhamiti, lekumele ahlonishwe kunchubomgomo yelulwimi yavelonkhe. 



LomTsetfosisekelo ugcizelela kutsi tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni kumele tibe nesitfunti lesilinganako futsi tiphatfwe ngalokulinganako, lokutawubese kukhulisa lizinga nekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko, nahulumende atsatse “tindlela tesishayamtsetfo kanye naletinye kulawula kanye nekucapha simo sekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko letingenamatfuba” 





Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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UmTsetfosisekelo uvumela luntjintjo kulesimo selulwimi kulo lonkhe lelive, uniketa kunakwa kutenhlalakahle kanye netepolitiki kulamacembu etilwimi lebekancishwe ematfuba ngaphambilini ngetizatfu “tetidzingo letivakalisiwe temiphakatsi kanye nemacembu lanenshisekelo”. 



Sigaba 6(2) semTsetfosisekelo udzinga tindlela tekwenta tilungiswe kutewutfutfukisa letilwimi tendzabuko. 



Sigaba 6(3) na (4) ticuketse kuniketelwa lokuhlobene netilwimi kwahulumende wavelonkhe nabohulumende betifundza, lapho khona emaTiko ahulumende kumele asebentise lokungenani letimbili tilwimi letisemtsetfweni. 







Kutfutfukisa kwehlukahlukana ngebulwiminyenti ngalokwendlulele, Sigaba 6(5) sivumele kusungulwa kweliBhodi letiLwimi laseNingizimu Afrika (PanSALB) kutewutfutfukisa bulwiminyenti futsi libone kutfutfukiswa kungasetjentiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kuphela, kodvwa netilwimi tema- Khoyi, maNama kanye nemaSani, kanye neluLwimi lwemaSayini lwaseNingizimu Afrika. I-PanSALB itawuphindze itjale inhlonipho yetilwimi temlandvo letikhulunywa tincenye temphakatsi wetfu, kanye naletilwimi letisetjentiselwa tinjongo tetenkholo. 



Lokunye kuvunyelwa lokuphatselene netindzaba telulwimi kwentiwa kulenye indzawo yemTsetfosisekelo. Sigaba 9(3) uvikela kubandlululwa ngetizatfu telulwimi, ngalesikhatsi tigaba 30 na 31 (1) tikhuluma ngemalungelo ebantfu mayelana nemasiko, inkholo, kanye nekutibandzakanya ngekwelulwimi kanye nekutitsakatisa. Sigaba 35(3) na (4) ukhuluma ngemalungelo elulwimi lwebantfu lababoshiwe, labagciniwe nalabasolwa ngalokutsite, ngekugcizelela ikakhulukati ngelilungelo lekugwetjwa ngalokungabandlululi nenchubo lechutjwa nobe itoligwe ngelulwimi lolutsadvwa nguloyo muntfu. 













Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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LiTiko leTemfundvo (DoE) langenisa “luLwimi etikweNchubomgomo yemFundvo” (LiEP), legcizelela bulwiminyenti njengekululwa kwekwehlukahlukana ngemasiko futsi nencenye leyinkhaba yekwakha iNingizimu Afrika lengabandlululi ngelibala. Ngalesikhatsi umgomo lokuncikwe kuwo kugcina lulwimi lwebafundzi lwasekhaya etikwekufundza nekufundzisa, kodvwa kukhutsata kutsi bafundze tilwimi letingetiwe futsi. I-LiEP ibukana naletindzaba njengetilwimi tekufundza nekufundzisa etikolweni tahulumende, luhlelotifundvo lwasesikolweni, kanye nemisebenti lehlobene netilwimi temaTiko eTemfundvo etifundza kanye nemitimba lephetse etikolweni. 



UmTsetfosisekelo naletinye tishayamtsetfo letihlobene kuyabonakala kutsi tisekela kutfutfukiswa kwebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika. Loluhlaka lwenchubomgomo limele livumele ngalokwanele kwekuhlanganiswa kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi kuto totintsatfu tigaba tahulumende futsi luvete ngalokucacile kutsi tinchubomgomo timephi ngelizinga nangekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kuto tonkhe letifundza letiyimfica taseNingizimu Afrika. 





































































Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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SIGABA 2: TAKHIWO LETIBALULEKILE TALENCHUBOMGOMO







2.1    Tinjongo





Inchubomgomo yelulwimi iyanaka kwentelela kwemTsetfosisekelo etikwebulwiminyenti futsi iyavumelana netinjongo tahulumende etikwetemnotfo, tenhlalakahle kanye nekukhula etikwetemfundvo kute –



kutfutfukiswe kusetjentiswa ngekulingana kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu; 









kwenta kufinyelela lokuliganako emisebentini yahulumende, elwatini nasemininingwaneni; 



kucinisekisa kutsi tilwimi tendzabuko letisemtsetfweni lebetibandlulwa ngaphambilini tiyalungiswa; 



kucala nekonga inkhulumo levakalako ngebulwiminyenti nayo yonkhe imiphakatsi yelulwimi; 



kugcugcutela kufundvwa kwaletinye tilwimi tendzabuko letisemtsetfweni kutfutfukisa lubumbano lwavelonkhe, nekwehlukahlukana ngekwetilwimi kanye nekwemasiko; 



kutfutfukisa kuphatfwa kahle kwelulwimi kute kube nekuphatfwa kahle kwetemisebenti yesive kuhlangabetana nalokulindvwe likhasimende kanye netidzingo. 







2.2    Imigomosisekelo











Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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Inchubomgomo yelulwimi isuselwa kulemigomosisekelo lelandzelako:





kutibophelela ekutfutfukiseni ekulinganeni kwetilwimi kanye nemalungelo elulwimi njengoba kudzingwa kwabiwa kwentsandvo yelinyeti; 



kubona kutsi tilwimi timitfombo yekukhulisa lwati, bucwepheshe nekutibandzakanya ngalokuphelele emikhakheni yetepoliti kanye neyetenhlalakahle; 



kusebenta ngebungani bekubambisana kutfutfukisa bulwiminyenti lobuhambelana nemTsetfosisekelo; 



kuvimbela kusetjentiswa kwanobe ngabe nguluphi lulwimi ngetinjongo tekuchaphata, tekubusa kanye nekubandlulula, kanye 



nekukhulisa kucatjangwa kwebantfu uma kwentiwa tintfo letitsandvwa bantfu, tidzingo kanye netifiso temiphakatsi yelulwimi leminyenti ngekukhulumisana kanye netinkhulumo-mphikiswano letichubekako. 







2.3    Indlela yekusetjentiswa





Lendlela yekwenta ibona loku lokulandzelako:





Kutfutfukisa bulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika kudzinga imizamo lenganciphisi lwati losevele lukhona emiphakatsini lapho tilwimi letisemtsetfweni tendzabuko tibaluleke kakhulu. Loku kutawentiwa ngekusetjentiswa nangekubandzakanywa kwemiphakatsi njengebabambi belichaza etinchubeni tekutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi. 



Kubandzakanya bocwepheshe kutsi bancedze kulenchubo yekusungula tinhlelo letisebentako tebulwimin ngekwenta luhlolo kanye nekusakatwa kwalokutfoliwe. 









Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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Kwenta lubanjiswano kanye nekwabelana ngemitfwalo emkhatsini wabohulumende labangemalunga e-SADC kutawuphutfumisa kutfutfukiswa kwelulwimi. 



Kubamba, emikhatsini levakalako, kubuyeketwa kwenchubomgomo kubuka inchubekela phambili ekubeni uphakatsi wetilwiminyenti waseNingizimu Afrika. 







Indlela lencike emiphakatsini ekutfutfukiseni bulwiminyenti ngiye lengaba nemiphumela lemihle, ngenca yebunyenti lobukhulu bemphakatsi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kumele kube khona indlela lendlalekile futsi lebandzakanya wonkhe wonkhe ekuhlelweni kwelulwimi nasekusetjentisweni kwenchubomgomo lecinisa bucwepheshe bebuciko ekundluliseni lwati kanye nemakhono. 







2.4    Bubanti balenchubomgomo





Bubanti nobe lokuniketiwe kulenchubomgomo ngunati letilandzelako:





Tonkhe takhiwo tahulumende (hulumende wavelonkhe, wetifundza, kanye newasemakhaya), kanye netinhlangano letisebentisa emandla ahulumende nobe tenta umsebenti wahulumende ngekusho kwemtsetfo, aphocelelwe luHlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi. 



Ekutfutfukiseni bulwiminyenti tifundza titawakha tinchubomgomo tato ngekuhambisa naletinkhomba leticukatfwe kuloluhlaka lwenchubomgomo, banaka tenteko tetigodzi tabo, kanye netidzingo nalokunconywa ngumphakatsi njengoba kushiwo kumTsetfosisekelo. 



Bohulumende basemakhaya batawuncuma kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi kanye nalokufunwa miphakatsi yabo ngekuhambisana neluhlaka lwenchubomgomo 





Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002



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yelulwimi lwetifundza. Ngetulu kwekuncuma kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi kanye nalokufunwa miphakatsi yabo, bohulumende basemakhaya ngekuchumana lokubanti nemiphakatsi yabo kumele, basungule, bakhiphe futsi basebentise inchubomgomo yebulwiminyenti.



Tilwimi letisemtsetfweni njengobe titawusetjentiswa kumisebenti yetishayamtstfo, kufaka ekhatsi imikhicito ye-Hansard, njengendzaba yelilungelo; njengobe kudzingekile uma kungenteka kube netindzaba tesishayamtsetfo tesifundza, tenteko tesifundza titawuncuma tilwimi lekumele tisetjentiswe. 



Hulumende utawugcugcutela, lapho kudzingeke khona asekele, emabhizinisi angasese kusungula nekusebentisa inchubomgomo yelulwimi yabo ngekuvumelana neluHlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe. 



Kutfutfukisa bulwiminyenti lenchubomgomo kuncuma kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi etakhiweni tahulumende ngalokulandzelako: 



Tilwimi letisebentako/tilwimi tekubhala: Ngekuvumelana, leso naleso sakhiwo sahulumende kumele sivumelana ngetilwimi letisebentako (ngetinjongo tekuchumana ngaphakatsi kwematiko kanye nekuchumana nalanye ematiko); uma kuya ngekutsi lapho kungakhonakala khona, kute umuntfu lotawuvinjelwa kusebentisa lulwimi lolufunwa nguye. Ngetinjongo tekubamba imihlangano nobe kwenta imisebenti lekhetsekile, yonkhe imizamo kumele yentiwe kusebentisa tinsita tekwenta lulwimi lube lula njengekuhusha nobe kutoliga (ngekulandzelana nangesikhatsi sinye, sikhatsi sinye, nobe kutoliga ngekuhleba) lapho kungakhonakala ngalokubonakalako. 



Kuchumana nemalunga emphakatsi: ngetinjongo tekubhalelana ngalokusemtsetfweni, lulwimi lelitsandvwa sakhamiti kumele lisetjentiswe. Konkhe kuchumana ngemlomo kumele kuchubeke ngelulwimi kwenteke ngelulwimi lolitsandvwa ngulabantfu lelicondziswe kubo. Uma 







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kudzingekile, yonkhe imizamo kumele yentiwe kusebentisa tinsita tekwenta lulwimi lube lula njengekutoliga (ngekulandzelana, ngasikhatsi sinye, lucingo nobe kutoliga lokuhletjiwe) lapho kungakhonakala khona.



Imibhalo yahulumende: Luhlelo lwemibhalo lwebulwiminyenti lolusebentako kumele lilandzelwe ematiko ahulumende wavelonkhe kulemibhalo lengadzingi kutsi ikhishwe kuto tonkhe tilwimi letingu-11 letisemtsetfweni. 



Lapho kusebenta lokunemiphumela nalokusimeme kwahulumende kunobe ngabe ngusiphi sigaba kudzinga kuchumana lokuvisisekako kwemniningwano, kumele kukhishwe ngato tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu-11 futsi, etifundzeni, ngetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letiniketiwe esifundzeni. 



Lapho imiculu yahulumende ingeke yentiwa kutsi itfolakale kuto tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu-11, ematiko ahulumende avelonkhe kumele ashicelele imiculu sikhatsi sinye lokungenani ngetilwimi letisitfupha. Kukhetfwa kwetilwimi kutawentiwa ngalokulandzelako: 



Lokungenani linye kulelicembu lebeNguni (siNdebele, siChosa, siZulu kanye nesiSwati); 



Lokungenani linye kulelicembu lebeSutfu (Sipedi, Sisutfu, Sitswana); 



SiVenda; 



Sitsonga 



SiNgisi; kanye 



SiBhunu. 





Umgomo wekujikeleta kumele usetjentiswe uma kukhetfwa tilwimi tekukhipha imiculu yahulumende kuletilwimi tebeNguni kanye netebeSutfu. 







Kuchumana  nemhlaba  jikelele:  Kuchumana  kwahulumende  nemhlaba 







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jikelele kutawuvama kuba siNgisi nobe ngalokungakavami kwentiwe ngelulwimi lolukhetfwe ngulelive lekuchunywana nalo.































































































































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SIGABA 3: KWAKHA EMAKHONO ELUNTFU







Kusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi kutawungeta kufuneka kwekuhumusha nekuhlela umsebenti kanye nemisebenti yekutoliga, ikakhulukati tukwe tilwimi tendzabuko. Indzikimba yelwati lwekuhumusha kuletilwimi kutawufuneka ilulelwe ematikweni ahulumende futsi nakumkhakha wangasese, njengebasebenti belulwimi labatimele, bahumushi, bahleli kanye nebatoligi kumele batfutfukiswe. Lesidzingo lesingetiwe semisebenti yetisebenti telulwimi letingubocwepheshe kutawudzinga kuceceshwa kwemakhono lokungetiwe. 



Kusungulwa kwemagumbi elulwimi kulelo nalelo litiko lahulumende wavelonkhe kanye nakuleso naleso sifundza kutawuba nemtselela etintfweni letentiwa luPhiko lwetiLwimi lwaVelonkhe (NLS). I-NLS itawudzingeka kutsi ichumanise kuphatfwa kwekusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo ngekwenta lula kuceceshwa kwelicembu lesitafu selulwimi emisebentini yekuhlelwa kwelulwimi nekwesekela tinhlelo temisebenti talamacembu. I-NLS itawuphindza ibe nemtfwalo wekuchumanisa kusungula tinhlelo tekuceceshwa kwebahumushi, bahleli kanye nebatoligi, kanye nekusungula tinkhomba letisebentako etindzabeni tekhwalithi. 







Tindzawo tekubhalwa kwetheminoloji nato kanjalo titawutsintseka. Lomsebenti longetiwe wekuhumusha utawudzinga kusungulwa lokuphutfumako kwetheminoloji kuletilwimi letisemtsetfweni kanye netelibhange-lemathemu laVelonkhe lelitfolwa kalula kuhulumende nakubasebenti betilwimi labatimele. 







kutfolakala kwekusetjentiswa kwetheknoloji yelulwimi lwebantfu (HLT) (sibonelo. Kuhumusha lokuncedvwa ngemshini, tinkhumbulo tekuhumusha, tihloli tipelingi) kuletilwimi tendzabuko kutawudlala indzima lenkhulu emisebentini yekwentiwa lula kwelulwimi. 







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Bukhulu lobukhetsiwe bemagumbi etilwimi butawuncunywa nekuceceshelwa emakhono kulendzawo kutawubekwa phambili emva kwesibalo setilwimi letisemtsetfweni lekumele tisetjentiswe setincunyiwe. Emagumbi lacuketse sitafu sabochwepheshe labane nobe ngetulu atawudzingo bomabhalane. 



Kwakhiwa kwemakhono etindzaweni letiboniwe tekwentiwa lula kwelulwimi kutawenteka ngekubambisana lokunamatselene nebaniketi balomsebenti njengetakhiwo temfundvo lephakeme letiniketa tinhlelo letamukelwa yi-SAQA kanye nemakhozi ekusebenta ngelulwimi, kuhumusha, kuhlela, kutoliga, kuhlela lulwimi, kubhalwa kwetheminoloji kanye nekubhalwa kwetichazamagama. 



























































































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SIGABA 4: EMACEBO EKUSETJENTISWA







Sigaba lesichubekako ekusebentiseni lenchubomgomo esikhatsini lesifishane, lesilingene kanye nasesikhatsini lesidze ngendlela lencomekako kuto tonkhe tigaba. 



Mayelana nemibhalo yahulumende, kwentiwa kwayo kutawubekwa ngendlela lentjintjeka kalula kanye nalephatsekako imitimba yahulumende esikhatsini lesingaba lokungenani iminyaka lemitsatfu. Lokuhle ngalokwentiwa kancane kancane kwalomtimba wemisebenti kutsi ematiko angakhona kutfutfukisa lwati ngalokwengetiwe futsi aphatse lendlela yekwenta ngemphumelelo lenkhulu. 







Imitimba yahulumende itawuba nesikhatsi sekuhlela tinhlelomali ngekungeta kancane kancane kuniketwa kwemali esikhatsini se-MTEF nemisebenti yekuhlela ngekuhambisana netinsita letidzingekako ekusebentiseni ngemphumelelo kwenchubomgomo. 



Tindlela tekugadza kucinisekisa lizinga lekuhumusha kanye nemisebenti yekuhlela titawusungulwa. 



Ngekubambisana ne-PanSALB, liTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko litawugadza inchubekela phambili bese liyabika emikhatsini lebekiwe kuto tonkhe tigungu letitsintsekile. 



Kubuyeketwa kwenchubomgomo kutawentiwa ngenjwayelo futsi nalokunconywako kutawushiwo kute kuchitjiyelwe lapho kudzingeke khona kute tinhlelo mali tilungiswe ngalokufanele. 



Takhiwonchanti letidzingekako kusebentisa lenchubomgomo titawakhiwa. Loku kutawufaka ekhatsi kusungulwa kwemagumbi elulwimi kuwo onkhe 





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ematiko avelonkhe kanye nasetifundzeni ekuphatsa –



kuchumana ngemlomo kwangekhatsi etikwematiko kanye nekuchumana nalamanye ematiko kuyo yonkhe imikhakha yahulumende; 

kuchumana ngekubhalelana ngekhatsi etikwemaTiko kanye nekuchumana nalamanye ematiko kuyo yonkhe imikhakha yahulumende; 

kuchumana ngemlomo nemphakatsi; 



kuchumana ngekubhalelana nemphakatsi kanye ne 



kuchumana nemhlaba jikelele lapho kudzingeke khona 



Letinye tindlela tekusebentisa inchubomgomo letitawusetjentiswa kutawuba yiNdlela yekutiPhatsa yeluLwimi yebaSebenti baHulumende, kusungulwa kwemKhandlu webaSebenti beluLwimi waseNingizimu Afrika, tetemiSebenti yekuToliga ngeluCingo eNingizimu Afrika (TISSA), licebo lekutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi lebetibandlululiwe ngaphambilini kanye neHLT. 



Imitfwalo leyengetiwe yahulumende mayelana nekusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi yavelonkhe ingalokulandzelako: 



kwesekela kutfutfukiswa kwemitfombolusito yeluntfu ekusetjentisweni ngemphumelelo kwebulwiminyenti. 



kuphatsa lomsebenti wekwentiwa lula kwelulwimi, lokukuhumusha, kutoliga kanye nekusungulwa kwetheminoloji, ngentfutfuko kanye netishayamtsetfo letifanelekile. 



kwesekela bulungiswa lobukhetsekile nobe tinhlelo tetilwimi tendzabuko lebetibandlululiwe, lokungukutsi, Tilwimi talabamnyama kanye netilwimi temaKhoyi, maSani kanye nemaNama, kanye nelulwimi lwetandla lwaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye 



nekwesekela kufundvwa nekufundziswa kwato tonkhe Tilwimi talabamnyama letisemtsetfweni eNingizimu kuwo onkhe emazinga esikolo. 

































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LUHLU LWEMATHEMU



bulwimimbili
 
Injwayelo     yekusebentisa     tilwimi     letimbili     (akusho     kutisebentisa
 

 

 
ngekulingana totimbili).
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
kutfutfukiswa
 
Kutfutfukiswa     kwelulwimi     ngekuwalinganisa,     kuwetayetisa     kanye
 

 
kwelulwimi
 
nekukhutsata   kutsi   lulwimi   lusetjentiswe   emsakatweni,   kutemfundvo,
 

 

 
emtsetfweni   nasetinhlelweni   tekuphatsa,   njalo   njalo,   futsi   nekuniketa
 

 

 
jikelele bubanti bekushicelelwa kwemsebenti wemibhalo kulelo lulwimi.
 

 

 

 

 
kuhlela
 
Umsebenti    wekulungisa     emaphutsa    kanye/nobe    indlela     yemiculu
 

 

 
lebhaliwe.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
kulingana
 
Lizinga  lekulingana,  kungakhetsi;   kusebentisa  ngekulingana;   lokukahle
 

 

 
nalokulungile.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
bulwiminyenti
 
Kushiwo   lulwimi   nobe   tilwimi   letitsite   endzaweni   letsite,   lobuncunywe
 

 
lobusebentako
 
ingcikitsi yelulwimi lolusetjentiswako, umsebenti,  balaleli kanye nemlayeto
 

 

 
londluliswako.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
TiLwimi teNdzabuko
 
Tilwimi letingesito tendzabuko yelive kodvwa tilwimi letiletfwe bahambi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
tilwimi lebetincishwe
 
Kungcikitsi
 
yaseNingizimu
 
Afrika,
 
kunetilwimi
 
lebetinganakwa
 

 
ematfuba
 
ngemacembu      lanemandla      akudzala      futsi      ke      ngenca      yaloko
 

 
ngekwemlandvo
 
betingasetjentiswa   nobe   tisetjentiswe   kumsakato,   kutemfundvo   (emva
 

 

 
kwesikolo  semfundvo  lephasi),  nobe  esiveni  nobe  emnotfweni.  Letilwimi
 

 

 
betingasekelwa ngalutfo. Tifaka ekhatsi tilwimi tendzabuko, tilwimi temafa
 

 

 
kanye nelulwimi lwemasayini.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ithekhinoloji yelulwimi
 
Kusetjentiswa
 
kwelwati
 
lwetilwimi
 
ekutfutfukisweni
 
kwetinhlelo
 

 
lwebantfu
 
tangcondvomshini  letingabona,  tivisise,  tihumushe  futsi  tikhiphe  lulwimi
 

 

 
lweluntfu   ngato   tonkhe   tindlela;   njengekutfutfukiswa   kwetisetjentiswa
 

 

 
letenta kutsi kukhonakale kutsi bantfu basebentisane nangcondvomshini.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
lulwimi lwendzabuko
 
Indzabuko yelulwini lwelive.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
kutoliga
 
Sento sekundlulisa inkhulumo kulelinye lulwimi iyiswe kulolunye lulwimi.
 

 

 

 

 
kucaphela
 
Kucaphela   kutsi   lulwimi   lusetjentiswa   njani   esiveni,   kutsi   basebentisi
 

 
ngekwelulwimi
 
belulwini  bayawati  yini  emalungelo  elulwimi,  nekutsi  lulwimi  lusetjentiswa
 

 

 
njani ngehlomisa nobe ekwehliseni luntfu.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
kulingana kwetilwimi
 
NgekwemTsetfosisekelo, tonkhe tilwimi kumele tihlonishwe ngalokufanako.
 

 

 
Kuphatfwa   ngekufana   kwetilwimi   letimbili   nobe   ngetulu,   ikakhulukati
 

 

 
ngekuya  ngemkhambatsi  njengesishayamtsetfo,  tebulungiswa,  kuphatfwa
 

 

 
kanye nekucondziswa kwemphakatsi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
kulinganiswa kwetilwimi
 
Kuphakelwa   ngetilwimi   lokulinganako   futsi/nobe   kuphatfwa   kwetilwimi
 

 

 
letimbili  nobe  ngetulu.  Tintfo  letifana  nelinani  lebakhulumi  kanye  nesimo
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 








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selulwimi  singenta  kutsi  inchubomgomo  incume  lapho  kungasetjentiswa
 

 

 
khona  lulwimi  lolutsite.  Lokusetjentiswa  angeke  kulingane.  “(A)  umbuso
 

 

 
angeke   usebentise   ngemphumelelo   tilwimi   tato   tonkhe   takhamiti   futsi
 

 

 
ungahle    utibophelele    ngekusebentisa    lulwimi     nobe     tilwimi     tawo
 

 

 
letisemtsetfweni, nobe tilwimi letitsite, ngandlela tsite” (Turi, 1993:14 - 15).
 

 

 

 

 
kuhlelwa kwelulwimi
 
Kuhlelwa    kwetilwimi    kubukene    netimphendvulo    tetinkinga    tetilwimi
 

 

 
ngekutfola  letinye  tindlela  kanye  nemiphumela.  Kufaka  ekhatsi  tinchubo
 

 

 
tekucondzisa kanye nekwenta kancono tilwimi ngekutfutfukisa tilwimi.
 

 

 

 

 
inchubomgomo
 
Sincumo  lesisemtsetfweni  sesimo  setilwimi  letehlukene  letikhulunywako
 

 
yelulwimi
 
emiphakatsini, sibonelo,  nguluphi  lulwimi lolutawuba lulwimi lwesive nobe
 

 

 
lulwimi lolusemtsetfweni, ngutiphi tilwimi letitawusetjentiswa egodzini kantsi
 

 

 
time kuphi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
emalungelo elulwimi
 
Imitsetfo lencuma timo lapho takhamiti tingatikhetsela khona tilwimi.
 

 

 

 

 
emagumbi elulwimi
 
Titfunywa  tahulumende  ematikweni  nasetifundzeni  kubukana  netindzaba
 

 

 
tetilwimi   talelo   litiko   nesifundza   letisukela   kuNchubomgomo   yeluLwimi
 

 

 
yaVelonkhe futsi titsintsane nematiko ngaletiphatselene netilwimi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
kubhalwa
 
Umsebenti wekubhalwa kwetichazamagama.
 

 

 

 
kwetichazamagama
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
tindlela tekuhumusha
 
Tinhlelo   tangcondvomshini   letihumusha   imiculu   ye-elekhroniki   kusuka
 

 
ngemishini
 
elulwimini kuye kulolunye.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
lulwimi lolunganakwa
 
Nobe   nguluphi   lulwimi   lolungasetjentiswa   ngalokusemtsetfweni   nobe
 

 

 
lolucekelwako  ekusetjentisweni  etindzaweni  letisetulu  (sib.  kutemfundvo
 

 

 
kutekwelashwa).  “Kunganakwa”  phasi  esikhatsini  lesinyenti  kusho  kuba
 

 

 
phasi kwelulwimi futsi kungenteka nebantfu bakhona. Sibonelo, siTsonga,
 

 

 
siVenda,  siNdebele  nesiSwati  titsatfwa  njengetilwimi  letiphasi  eNingizimu
 

 

 
Afrika.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
lulwimi lwekufundza
 
Lulwimi   lwekufundzisa   ekilasini   njengobe   lukhonjisiwe   kukharikhulamu
 

 

 
nakunchubomgomo   yelulwimi.   “Lulwimi   lwekufundza”   lufaka   kancane
 

 

 
umcondvo   wekutsi   kungasetjentiswa   tilwimi   letinyenti   futsi   nebafundzi
 

 

 
bangafundza lolunye lulwimi ngaphandle kwelulwimi lolusemtsetfweni.
 

 

 

 

 
bulwiminyenti
 
Kusetjentiswa  kwetilwimi  letintsatfu  nobe  ngetulu  ngumuntfu  munye  nobe
 

 

 
licembu lebantfu njengebantfu besigodzi lesitsite nobe sive.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
lulwimi lolusemtsetfweni
 
Lulwimi
 
lolusetjentiswa
 
kuhulumende,
 
enkantolo
 
yemacala,
 

 

 
kutemabhizinisi, kutemfundvo nakumsakato.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
kuhumusha
 
Sento sekuguculela umculu kulolunye lulwimi ubhalwe ngalolunye.
 

 

 

 

 
itheminoloji
 
Kwemukelwa kwemathemu lathekhnikhali lamiselwe sifundvo lesitsite.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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