SEHLUKO 3
UMLANDVO WETIBONGO TEMASWATI NEMAGAMA ESINTFU
Singeniso
Lapha sibuka inshokutsi yesibongo.  Sitama kuveta kubaluleka kwesibongo esiveni seMaswati.  Kutanyiwe kutsi kwetfulwe umlandvo wetibongo letitsite letikhetsiwe kanye netinanatelo tato.  Loku kwentiwe ngendlela yekutsi kube luhlaka lwematsambo.  Batawusita banikati baleto tibongo kutsi bafake inyama.  Uma kwentekile kwatfolakala kutsi lomlandvo ukhe phansi wayishiya edziweni kutawube loko kwenteke ngeliphutsa nobe kusho lowo lebekangitekela wati lowo mlandvo.  Loku lokutfolakele lapha akube sisekelo selucwaningo lolunzulu mayelana nalesihloko.  Phela indvuku seyibekwe ebandla.  Emagama ebantfu ngesiSwati abaluleke kakhulu kungako encenyeni yesibili yalesehluko kucwaningwe emagama esiSwati.  Loku kwentiwe ngendlela yekutsi bantfu batigcabhe ngemagama abo bangatikhobosi ngoba phela emagama endzabuko sanganyelwa ngulawa etifikanamtfwalo.  EmaSwati satsandza emagama etive kunalawa awo langemangcanga.  
Sibongo
Sibongo sibaluleke kakhulu esiveni seMaswati.  Akumangalisi kuva Ginindza nga-(1992:5) ngemavi akhe atsi:
The sibongo  is a vital behavioural aspect of Swazi culture.  It often strikes many foreigners who are sensitive to cultural behaviour.
Loku kufakazelwa nguloku lokwashiwo ngulowabhala kakhulu ngulowatiwako ku-anthropology nalowabhala kakhulu ngemaSwati Hilda Kuper lowaphawula emanotsini akhe anga-1934 watsi:
During my first visit to the Queen Mother I noticed how all attendants punctuated her remarks with the words `Nkhosi!’ or `Somuhle’.  When the King spoke, everyone, including his mother echoed, `Nkhosi!’, `Ngwenyama!’, `Silosikhulu!’.  He  then enquired of me `What is your sibongo?’ and my interpreter answered for me, `sakaBemeer’.  When Prince Mkukwane spoke, my attendant interpolated after every pause, `Dlamini!, Nkhosi! or Hlubi’.
(LaBemeer (Hilda Kuper) personal notes, 1934).
Kuyakhombisa lapha kutsi lowekunene wamangala kabi neva kuloku kuphatfwa indzaba yesibongo lekuyintfo labangayati beNshonalanga.  Phela sive sisuke singakapheleli nabantfu bakhona bangenatibongo letiligcabho lesive leso. Ginindza, (1992) uchaza sibongo njengentfo lekhombisa sive nobe kutalana.  Nakabeka ngemagama akhe uyichaza kanjena lendaba:
Every Swazi bears the  sibongo (clan name) of his or her father for life and a married woman retains her natal sibongo.  People who bear the same sibongo do not intermarry for they are regarded as related and descended from a common ancestor whether this ancestor can not be traced.
 					(Ginindza, 1992:7).
Lokuvelako lapha ngenhla kutsi ngesiSwati vele umfati akantjintji sibongo sakhe sekutalwa.  Uhlala anguLazibani ingunaphakadze.  Loku lesekwenteka lomuhla ngetibongo letintjintjwantjintjwako siyakweshwama.  Kusho kona kutsi umoya weNshonalanga uwentile umonakalo esiveni lesimnyama.  Umuntfu namuhla ungamati angumake zimpentjempentje kusasa sewungulokunye.  Angiyiphatsi lena yetibongo letibhanciwe!  Kantsi nebantfu besibongo sinye vele abatekani.  Sibongo sisebenta indlela lecakile emaSwatini.  Nome ngabe kwentiwani sibongo sikhona ekhatsi.  Ginindza, (1992) uyichaza ncono lendzaba nangemavi akhe atsi:
A striking feature of Swazi behaviour is the frequent use of sibongo.  In situations of social interaction people of all ages and different rank show respect, courtesy, express gratitude and recognition by using sibongo.  A stranger is not asked for his personal name but for the sibongo so that he or she can be appropriately addressed.  In circumstances where a person’s sibongo  is not known, Nkhosi (ruler/lord) is used.  Nkhosi is part of the title attached to the ruling Dlamini clan i.e. Nkhosi! Dlamini!  Every person by virtue of being the king’s subject is entitled to be addressed by this term of respect.
 					(Ginindza, 1992:7).
Kunelitsemba kutsi loku lokungenhla kutawuphendvula imibuto leminyenti bantfu labatibuta yona kutsi kungani wonkhe umuntfu longamati umbite ngesibongo sakaNkhosi.  Kantsi futsi nako nje kungani sibongo sibalulekile nakuvuselwana.  Phela kuyinhlamba kutsi ungatsi uhlangana nemuntfu umbute ligama lakhe njengobe kwenta bondlebe zikhanyilanga, tsine sibutana sibongo kute sikwati kubongana kahle.  Usuke ngesintfu ungakabongi nangabe umuntfu akuphe noma akwentele lokutsite nawugcina ngekutsi nje ngiyabonga ungamhashi kancane.  Kamera, (1999) uyicoca kahle lendzaba nangemavi akhe atsi:
Tinanatelo stamp the common speech acts of expresssing gratitude upon accepting or even refusing an offer or gift with poetic  beauty.  Plain or prosaic thank you in this context would only label one as disrespectful, lacking in cultural refinement and ungrateful.  The family praises of the person offering the gift or the service are recited by the admiring beneficiary in a solemnly slow and drawn out manner to indicate respect.
                                                        (Kamera, 1999:12).   
Vele ngesintfu usuke ulidlabha nawugcina ngekutsi ngiyabonga kuphela kulokusitile.  Phela belumbi bodvwa labagcina ngekusho njalo.  Tsine sati kutsi nawubonga usebentisa lesibongo salowo muntfu lombongako kuveta bugabazi bekwati leso sibongo.  Ingani sibongo nesibongo sinetinanatelo taso.  Loko kwenta lowo muntfu eve kutsi cosololo enhlitiyweni kwangatsi udle emaselwa noma emakhabe.  Yini lengavimba lowo muntfu kutsi akusite ngalokutako nangabe umhashe kahle?  Loku yindlela lebeyisetjentiswa bokhokho betfu futsi lebekwakha sive sibe sive sibili.
Kulukhuni satje kungena emtini wemnumzane ungasati sibongo sakhona.  Phela ngesintfu ukhulekela usengekangeni emabaleni alelokhaya.  Kulisiko kutsi lokhulekako asho tinanatelo taleso sibongo.  Ngenhlanhla akudzingi aze ayositsela nato kutitsi fahla nje kancane ingani loko kuyakhombisa kutsi uwati mbamba lomuti.  Nawutsi nje sikhulekile Msangambe, Mnjoma lomhlophe netinyawo takhe, usuke sewucedzile kubakaSigudla.  Kuvele utitfutsele nje emtini wendvodza kusuke kukhona lotakutfola njengobe boPiet Retief bakutfola eMgungundlovana.  Loku kufakazelwa nguGinindza, (1992) nakayichaza kanjena lendzaba yesibongo:
The sibongo is appended to formulae for greeting and is frequently interpolated in conversations by the listener and the speaker.  Visitors to a homestead, particularly men, hail by the sibongo of the headman whilst still at the gate.  Not to do so is not only impolite, but raises suspicion of nefarious intent and deeds for only witches and evildoers sneaks into peoples’s homes to avoid being detected.
 					(Ginindza, 1992:7).  
Kwangatsi Kamera, (1999:11) naye uyiva ngekufana naGinindza nangemagama atsi:
“Kwekhulekela” or recitation of family praises as one approaches a homestead acknowledges and validates the residents’ right of occupancy and honours the founder of the clan.  Furthermore by reciting the praises of the family one is seeking admission into, is an official greeting which announces a friendly visit.
Kamera uchaza kahle kutsi nawukhuleka usuke ubonga tinyanya talelo khaya ikakhulu umsunguli waleso sibongo.  Loku kusho kutsi vele usuke ukhombisa inhlonipho nekuwatisa emasiko nemihambo yesive.  Phela ngesilumbi uvele utfutseleke ekhaya lemnumzane unconcotse sewusekhatsi.  Kuze kusite tinja nemitsangala lemikhulu leyenta kutsi ungatfutseleki.  Kantsi vele nawukhuleka ubita sibongo leso kuba ngumnumzane lovamisa kutsi bantfwana ababuke lolokhulekako.  Kepha kubalulekile kwati kutsi lolokhulekako akayitfoli ngekushesha imphendvulo yekutsi akangene ingani bantfu baganga ungatsi kukhuleka umuntfu kantsi sebakutsebulile.  Jackie Mashiyane[1] utsi babe wakhe bekamtsembisa luswati losheshe avume nakukhulekwa.  Empeleni utsi likhehla lithula ungatsi kufiwe nakunalokhulekako.  Lifuna kucala libe nesiciniseko kutsi lolokhulekako ngempela ngumuntfu nobe livi nje.  
Phela ngesiSwati kuthandazwa ngesibongo.  Ingani kunenkholelo yekutsi tinyanya ngito letidvute naMvelinchanti manje nakukhulunywa nato tiwudlulisela lula umthandazo lowo.  Sibongo sisetjentiswa kuto tonkhe timo letitsintsa kuphila kweMaswati.  Ginindza, (1992) uyichaza kanjena lendzaba:
When sitting down to a meal in a homestead, or drinking beer from the common pot, the sibongo is recited before and after eating or drinking to express gratitude.  Feasts of any kind, ritual or secular, as well as council meetings at chief’s place are formally closed by reciting the sibongo  of the host and its praises.  On such occasions, one person leads and the group follows in unison.  A headman who speaks to his ancestral spirits concludes his performance with his sibongo.
 					(Ginindza, 1992:7).
Kuhle kwati kutsi kusetjentiswa kwesibongo emicimbini leyehlukene akugcini nje ngemaSwati kepha kuyintfo leyentiwa beNguni.  Loku kufakazelwa nguGinindza, (1992:8) nangemavi akhe atsi:
The frequent use of sibongo in social interaction is common not only among the Swazi, but also among other Nguni groups of Southern Africa.
Umuntfu angasifela sibongo sakhe.  Ingani loku lesitsi sibongo nyalo kunemlandvo lomudze kulabo bantfu lababitwa ngaso leso sibongo.  Sibongo sivela khashane kabi.  Khumalo, (1995) encwadzini yakhe letsi: Uphoko utsi kukhona tibongo letavela ngemagama ebantfu, kubuye kubekhona leti letavela ngetigemegeme letavelela lesi sigejana lesitsite sebantfu kugcine letinye tibongo letavela ngetento letitsite tebantfu labatsite.  Manje kungako nje bantfu baleso sibongo basifela sibongo sabo ngobe phela umsunguli waso noma basunguli baso balidloti laleso sibongo.  Ngisho nobe kukhulunywa netinyanya kusetjentiswa sona sibongo.  Angeke nakancane umuntfu longasiye waleso sibongo akwati kuphahlela banikati besibongo abe yena awaka zimpentjempentje.   Ngisho nemntfwana natalwa ubikwa kulabaphansi kute bamemukele kungako kubalulekile kutsi entelwe imisimeto yaleso sibongo lekufaka ekhatsi tilwane lekumele abhunyiselwe tona.  Phela tikhona tibongo letingevani netilwane letitsite.  BakaMatsenjwa nje bayatiwa kutsi abayidli imbuti ngako-ke angeke nangeliphutsa umntfwana wakhona abhunyiselwe ngembuti ngobe kubo imbuti ngekusho kwaSolwati L F Mathenjwa[1] isetjentiselwa kulahla emakhosi akubo.  Loku kuphikisana naloku lokushiwo nguKamera, (1999) latsi:
The family praises are the seedbed of the clan’s religious, mythological and historical bases.  The Matsenjwa clan for instance, “does not eat a goat because they are afraid of its tail because it faces up”.  A goat is the totem of the clan and a live goat is a revered animal for the clan and a live goat was always left to die near a Matsenjwa tomb.                   (Kamera, 1999:12).
NgesiSwati usuke utibatela tiphunti nawusebentisa sibongo lesingesiso sakenu.  Ingani imphilo yakho yonkhe utawube usolomane uhlangana nelitje lembetse ingubo.  Nawube nelishwa lekunikwa sibongo salomunye umuti kutawusho kona kutsi ingoto seyece umgwaco kuwe.  Empeleni imphilo yakho yonkhe angeke nakancane ukutfole kuphumula ngobe phela emadloti akini angeke nani aba nawe.  Kantsi nangesikhatsi make athulisa luswane nasolomane lingathuli labadzala bayake batsi loyo make akayoluthulisela ngaphandle, ingani lapho uyofika alubite ngesibongo salo mbamba.   Ginindza, (1992) uyayifakazela lendzaba nangemagama akhe aphawula atsi:
Although this may be no longer be a common practice, at childbirth, it is obligatory for mothers to “praise” the newly born baby immediately after its first cry by the sibongo of its biological father whether or not the father admits paternity.  This practice served as a check on adultery and on breach of clan exogamy.  Breach of clan exogamy is taboo and person grow up under a clan name which is not that of their natural father, legally assume their natural father’s clan name later in life.
                                                           (Ginindza, 1992:8).
  3.3		Imilandvo yetibongo
Tibongo temaSwati ngekusho kwaGinindza, (1992) tingahlukaniswa katsatfu.    Kwekucala, ngekulandzelana kwemlandvo wato wekwamukeleka embusweni weMaswati.  Lapha singabala laba labatsi bangebendzabuko (emaSwati mbamba), bese kuba ngemakhandza mbili kugcine emafika muva.  Kwanele kutsi kube khona bukhosi kwase kwengetwa lelinye licembu letibongo lelatiwa ngekutsi ngematala nkhosi lapho kutalwa khona tindlovukati.  Kwesibili, tibongo tihlelwa ngekwemlandvo webuve bato, lekungaba beNguni, emaNtungwa kanye nebeSutfu lekugcama kahle loku etinanatelweni tato letibongo.  Kwesitsatfu, tibongo tihleleka ngekubaluleka kwelichaza lelabanjwa bantfu baleso sibongo etindzabeni tendlunkhulu.  Lapha kepha angeke kuchazwe konkhe loku kepha kutawuniketwa umlandvo wetibongo letitsite letikhetsiwe.  Indzaba yekuhlelembisa tibongo iyincelencele.  Idzinga kudzingidvwa yodvwa nje ingabhicaniswa nalokunye ngenca yebulutfunutfunu bayo.  Lokunyenti kwalemilandvo kutfolakale ephephandzabeni lesiSwati Intsatseli kantsi Mandla Zulu lebekadze ayintsatseli kuleliphephandzaba nguye lobelihlahlandlela.  Wandze njalo Mageba.  Kantsi nemsebenti waDr T T Ginindza lotsi: Sibongo: Swazi Clan Names and Clan Praises ube lusito kakhulu.  Lolwati lolutfolakale lapha lubese lungetwa nelwati lolutfolakale kubanikati betibongo leto ikakhulu labo lesebaluphele.
3.3.1		Umlandvo webakaDlamini						
Kunyenti lokushiwoko mayelana nemvelaphi nobe umsuka webakaDlamini.  Kubalulekile kuchaza kutsi imilandvo yetfu leminyenti seyitsandza kunyamalala ngobe labantfu labadzala labaphetse lomnotfo wemagugu esive abasanakwa ngenca yemphucuko yaseNshonalanga.  Mayelana nemvelaphi noma umsuka wesibongo sakaDlamini, Ginindza, (1992:14) ubeka atsi: 
The origin of the name Dlamini is open to speculation.  According to the most common version, eating at noon was prohibited on certain occasions.  Dlamini, whose real name is no longer known but whose sibongo was Nkhosi broke the taboo and his brother, impressed, exclaimed, “Hawu! Udl’emini!”  (Hawu! You eat at noon?).  The act of defiance went unpunished and Dlamini (Eat at noon) was the name given to the founder of the now royal family.  	   
Njengobe kwatiwa beNguni babekudzabuka emphumalanga yenkhaba ye-Afrika.  Kamera, (1999) utsi ngekulandzisa kwaLaNkhosi babekudzabuka eDalagubhe lapho umholi wabo Dlamini abahola khona bacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela.  Kepha ngobe lesibongo sasebukhosini, kubalulekile kutsi sitsi fahlafahla ngekutalana kwawo emakhosi kudzimate kufike kulesikhatsi lesikuso (2001).  
Ekucaleni ngekusho kwaMandla Zulu, sitfola Dlamini Wekucala lowalandzelwa nguMswati Wekucala.  Kubese kulandzela Ngwane Wesibili, lowabuye welanywa nguDlamini Wesibili, kwase kuta Nkhosi Wesibili.  Kubese kulandzela Mavuso   Wekucala lowandzelwa nguMagudulela[1] Wekucala.  Kwabese kuba nguLudvonga Wekucala lowalandzelwa nguDlamini Wesitsatfu.  Lamakhosi lalandzelako kube yinhlanhla kutsi kutfolakale iminyaka leyabusa ngayo.  Inkhosi Ngwane Wesitsatfu wabusa kusukela nga-1750-1780.  Kwalandzela Ndvungunye lowabusa nga-1790-1815, kwase kulandzela Sobhuza Wekucala (Somhlolo, Ngwane Wesine) 1836-1839.  Mswati Wesibili wabusa nga-1839-1865, walandzelwa nguLudvonga[2] Wesibili nga-1875-1889 lekwaba sikhatsi lesifanako neNkhosi Dlamini Wesine (Mbandzeni).  Inkhosi Ngwane Wesihlanu (Mahlokohla, Bhunu) wabusa nga-1890-1899.  Mahlokohla walandzelwa yinkhosi leyabusa sikhatsi lesidze kunawo onkhe emakhosi emhlabeni, lowo-ke nguSobhuza Wesibili (Nkhotfwetjeni, Mona) lowabusa kusukela nga-1921-1982.  Kantsi lobusako njenganyalo nguMswati Wesitsatfu (Makhosetive) lowabekwa ngemnyaka wa-1986 kudzimate kube ngunyalo.  
Cishe-ke ngaphandle kwalawa laphawuliwe onkhe lamakhosi alandzelana ngekutalana.  Kuyaphawuleka futsi kutsi inkhosi ayikhotsami kepha iyavuswa njengobe lamagama awo achaza.  Emagama etiNdlovukati nawo abalulekile kulomlandvo wesibongo sakaDlamini.  Matsebula, (1993) abeka uniketa emagama aletiNdlovukati letilandzelako:
Inkhosi                                        Indlovukati
Ngwane Wesitsatfu                       LaNxumalo (lotalwa yiNkhosi Nxumalo)
Ndvungunye                                Lomvulo Mndzebele
Sobhuza Wekucala                        Lojiba Simelane[1] lotalwa nguNsibandze
                                                   Simelane
Mswati Wesibili                             Thandile naFile Nxumalo emadvodzakati 
                                                    aZwide Nxumalo, Ndwandwe
Ludvonga Wesibili                           Sisile Khumalo lotalwa nguMgangeni 
                                                     Khumalo
Dlamini Wesine                               Sisile Khumalo kanye naTibati 
                                                     Madvolomafisha Nkambule[1]
Ngwane Wesine                              Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli lotalwa 
                                                     nguMvelase Mdluli.
Sobhuza Wesibili                             Lomawa naNukwase bakaNxumalo 
                                                     labatalwa nguNgolotjeni Nxumalo               
                                                     waseZikhotheni.
                                                      Zihlathi Mkhatjwa naSeneleni
                                                      Mkhatjwa labatalwa nguVunyana
                                                      Mkhatjwa waseLwandle.
                                                      Dzeliwe Shongwe lotalwa nguMetjisi
                                                      Shongwe.
Mswati Wesitsatfu                             Ntombi Tfwala lotalwa nguMfelani 
                                                       Tfwala.
Ngekwemlandvo bakaDlamini bangebekuchamuka emaTfongeni.  Kutsiwa njengobe vele bantfu bebahamba bangahlali ndzawonye nalaba-ke ngenca yetimphi babaleka basuka eMozambiki.  Empeleni bekubangwa live ngobe phela nangu Ngungunyane abetsi lakhe live ulifuna lapha.  Inkhosi Mswati Wekucala ngiyo lebeyihola laba bakaDlamini.  Kubalulekile kusho kutsi lesibongo sakaNkhosi Dlamini basitfola seyikhotseme iNkhosi Mswati sebaholwa yiNkhosi Dlamini Wesibili.  Lokubalulekile ngaMswati kutsi abelwa kakhulu, wahlula letive latitfola lapha kwaze kwatsi nalelive labitwa ngaye njengobe silati nje kutsi kuseSwatini.  Tive letinyenti takhonta kuye kantsi ebeSutfu bona wabadvudvula abacosha waze wayobabeka endzaweni lapha kutsiwa kuseMhuluhulu, esifundzeni seMphumalanga.  Kuletimphi Mswati abesitwa ngito letive latitfumbile letifana nebakaGama labangebeSutfu futsi labavela kakhulu emlandvweni wakhe.  Phela labakaGama bebayati imitsi yekuvala imphi ngekulandzisa kwaMandla Zulu acashunwe kuNtsatseli yamhlaka 15 Imphala 1999.  Tingwazi letibalwako tifaka boMshengu weMashobeni, boShongwe naboNdlela lebekutindvuna telibutfo lakhe.  Letingwazi kwabonakala bugabazi bato ngesikhatsi ibambene nebeSutfu kaMhuluhulu.  Shongwe wabekwa kutsi abe yindvuna bagadze bangangeni abambisene naMshengu weMashobeni.  
Ndlela udvume ngekutsi tinkhomo lebetitfunjwe ebeSutfwini tihlala eDlangeni wakha lisu lekutsi tintjontjwe.  Phela yena bekatsi akusiko kutsi bangasebentela lenye indvodza bangatfoli lutfo.  Ndlela kutsiwa abengewakaMalinga sibongo sakhe, abeliKhandzambili.  Banele kweba letinkhomo baphuma nato eLuphongolo bentela kutsi natsi Mswati uyefika abulawe ngemaZulu.  Letinye timphi latilwa kwaba nguleto temaZulu lawashaya waze wawabeka eDlomodlomo nalapha kuboNgwavuma.  BakaDlamini bona bavela ngayo iNkhosi Dlamini kepha-ke kunengi lokwenteka nalokukhona lokwenta kutsi kuvele bantfu bakaNkhosi kulawo makhosi akucala.  Kwekucala nje bekungasiso sibongo sakhe Dlamini kepha bekuligama lakhe wabese utala sive lesibitwa ngeligama lakhe.  Loku-ke akungasididi ngobe vele besesike sachaza kutsi tibongo tavela njani.  BakaNkhosi badzabuka kanye naletinye tibongo letinyenti letifaka sakaMakhanya, Mavuso, Ludvonga, Lukhele, Mabuza, Mhlanga, Kunene, naletinye letinengi.  Leti tibongo letadzabuka naye Dlamini ngesikhatsi efika eSwatini agudla Lubombo bahamba bayosima eShiselweni.  Letibongo letibaliwe tingemaTfonga ngekudzabuka.  Tonkhe letibongo letingenhla bekungemagama ebantfu lachubeka agcina satibongo.  Kutsiwa bekubanenkinga nasekumele kutekwane ngoba bekumele uyewuteka kulesinye sive manje ngoba naku bekuliwa naletinye tive kungako kwagcina sekutsiwa lamagama atibongo kute kutsiwe uteke umntfwana wazibanibani kantsi akusinjalo.  Lamagama alabantfu lababengebekutalana ngengati agcina saba tibongo letehlukene.  Sekulukhuni satje nyalo kuchazela longati kutsi letibongo bekungemagama ebantfu labahlobene.  
Inkhosi Mswati kutsiwa beyihlakaniphe sibili.  Bekutsi ingakubona kutsi uyingwazi abese akuniketa indvodzakati yakhe njengoba enta kubakaMakhanya labanika indvodzakati yakhe Bandzile.  Kantsi nebakaKunene kutsiwa wabanika LaDzindzibele.  Loku iNkhosi beyikwentela kutsi ingwazi yaleso sibongo isite kakhulu emphini futsi yetsembeke.  Khumalo, (1995) usitjela kutsi bakaDlamini bangebeNguni baseMbo situkulwane saMumbo indvodza lekutsiwa yasuka enhla nelive yalibangisa ngasendzaweni lesiyibita nyalo ngekutsi kuseMozambiki.  Bantfu bakaNkhosi batila imvu lemnyama ngobe kunemsimeto lotsite labawentako ngayo.  Kutsiwa nawuke wayidla imvu lemnyama uba nemafinyila lamanengi futsi usangane nengcondvo.  Kantsi-ke bakaDlamini batiwa ngekutsi ngeMalangeni ngoba bavela emphumalanga.  Ginindza, (1992:35) uyicoca kahle lendzaba natsi:
The Dlamini are addressed as Mlangeni (You of the sun).  The association with the sun refers to the origin of the name Dlamini; the settling of the Dlamini of Mozambican coast and their migration thence.
Loku futsi kuhambelana naloku lekuchazwe ekucaleni kutsi kwalona leligama lelitsi Dlamini lisuselwa esigamekweni sekutsi lowekunene watfolakala adla emini lebekuyintfo letilwako ngekwemhambo wabo.
3.3.1.1Tinantelo takaDlamini
           Nati tinanatelo takaDlamini tilandvwa ngetindlela letehlukene.  Lokubanga kutsi kube netindlela letehlukene kutsi labatitekako abatiteki ngendlela lefanako tinanatelo.  Loku kubangelwa kutsi umlandvo wetfu bewungabhalwa phansi, manje labanye bateka ngendlela lebeva ngayo kepha tonkhe tisasho bona labekunene:
Indlela yekucala
Nkhosi
Dlamini
Wena wekunene
Wena umuhle kakhulu
Wena weluhlanga lwakaNgwane
Wena wekutalwa njengenkhomo
Wena wacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Wefika elungcandzaneni wenaba
Wena lowabophela lokuhle emfuntini
Nkhosi
Indlela yesibili	
Dlamini
Wen’ ungadl’ imvu
Wesab’ emafinyila
Wena lowacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Wena lowabophela lokuhle emfuntini
Wena lotsi upha bantfu ube ubadlekelisa
Samketi seMbovu
Semalangeni
Nkhosi
Indlela yesitsatfu
Nkhosi
Dlamini
Wekunene
Samketi siyiMbovu
Kumalangeni
Wena lowabophela lokuhle emfuntini
Wena lowacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Indlela yesine
Wena wekunene
Nkhosi
Dlamini
Wena wekunene
Wena lowacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Sidlubula dledle sakaLobamba
Esithi sibopha sibe sibadlubula
Wena lowabophela lokuhle emfuntini
Indlela yesihlanu
Nkhosi
Dlamini
Wena weluhlanga lwakaNgwane
Wena lowacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Wena lowabophela lokuhle emfuntini
Hlubi lomuhle umlangeni
Sidlubula dledle sakaLobamba
Samketi lesinebovu semalangeni
Nkhosi
Indlela yesitfupha
Nkhosi
Dlamini
Mlangeni
Wena wekunene
Wen’ umuhle kakhulu
Wena weluhlanga lwakaNgwane
Wena wacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Wena wabophela lokuhle emfuntini
Samketi
Mangcwangu
Wena wasidvwaba silutfuli
Madlabane
Hlangu simbova kuMalangeni
Nkhosi
Indlela yesikhombisa
Nkhosi
Dlamini
Wena wekunene
Wena umuhle kakhulu
Wena wacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Wena lowabophela lokuhle emfuntini
Nkhosi Dlamini
Umlandvo webakaMdluli
Sibongo sakaMdluli sisuselwa egameni lemholi waso levele litichaza ngekwalo kutsi abengulondlulako.  BakaMdluli ngekulandza kwaGinindza, (1992) bahlukene kabili, kunebaka Mdluli Sikhandzisa lakuphuma khona insila yenkhosi kanye naMdluli Bhekiswako lapho kutalwa khona iNdlovukati Labotsibeni.  Kubaluleka kwalesibongo emlandvweni weMaswati awudzingi kuchazwa, ingani bangematala nkhosi.  Indlovukati Labotsibeni indzima layidlala emlandvweni wekutfutfukisa sive seMaswati imenta eme yedvwa cekelele.  Ingani ngiyo iNdlovukati leyakhulisa INkhweletjeni yaNgwane yaMahlokohla.  BakaMdluli bakhonta kubakaDlamini ngesikhatsi basuka kaTembe.  BakaMdluli batinta endzaweni lekutsiwa kukaMbikiza banebukhosi babo lobunemandla sibili.  Inkhosi Dlamini Wesitsatfu wayitsandza futsi wayifisa indlela lenekuthula lesiphetse futsi nalesenta ngayo tintfo taso wabacela kutsi bakhonte kuye.  Wabanika umsebenti wekutsi kube ngibo labasita endlunkhulu.  
Kuhlukana ngemacembu kwesive sakaMdluli kwenteka ngesikhatsi iNkhosi Dlamini Wesitsatfu akhetsa licecebane lesive sakaMdluli kutsi bahambe embili babetinhloli kute babone kutsi live lime njani.  Bafike batfola live linotsile futsi lilihle bangabe basabuya kutewubika kuDlamini bavele batinta lapho.  Emva kwekulindza sikhatsi lesidze, iNkhosi yabese itfumela lelicembu lakaMdluli lelisele kutsi liyewubuka laba labahambe kucala.  Nembala babakhandza laba labahambe kucala kepha babakhandza sebatihlalele kahle batintile, bakhomba ngalosekhatsi base batsi sinikhandzile!.  Base bayobabika enkhosini.  Lelicembu lekucala labitwa ngekutsi bakaMdluli Sikhandzisa, ingani phela naku babakhandza, kwatsi leli lebelibheka laba labanye kwatsiwa boMdluli Bhekiswako ngobe phela kungibo labakhombe inkhosi lapha kunalaba labanye khona.  
Nakutsiwa kubakaMdluli: `Wena lowabhekisa inkhosi elusaseni’ kusukwe kucondvwe etigamekweni letimbili etikhatsini temlandvo lowehlukene.  Kwekucala kulapho bakaMdluli bakhomba inkhosi lapha kuhlalwa khona eveni lelisha kantsi kwesibili, kushiwo ligalelo lelabanjwa yiNdlovukati Labotsibeni ngesikhatsi asabambe bukhosi abambele Sifuba sinengceke sinemanti aseluswane kudzimate kufike lapho inkhosi ibekwa khona esihlalweni aneminyaka lengu-21.  Lusasa phela ngulapho kuhlala khona inkhosi ngembi kwekutsi ibekwe esikhundleni.  Indlovukati Labotsibeni unconywa kakhulu ngekukhulisa futsi alungiselele iMbube Sobhuza Wesibili bukhosi.  Tikwetinanatelo tabakaMdluli kuyaye kutsiwe `Wena wabhekisa iNkhosi elusaseni luvuno’.  Loku kubangelwa kutsi ncantilini lomunye longukhokho walesibongo bekabulala titsa kamatima emphini.  Leligama lelitsi Luvuno lisuka egameni lelitsi `kuvuna’.  Kubulala kwakhe titsa emphini bekufananiswa nekuvuna emasimini kungako kutsiwa nje nguLuvuno.
Inyama yembuti kutsiwa iyatila kubakaMdluli.  Kutsiwa badla inkonkoni noma lishongololo esikhundleni senyama sembuti.  Ngekusho kwabo labakaMdluli kubulala imbuti akusiyo intfo lebuchawe kepha kubulala inkonkoni noma lishongololo lekusilwane sasesigangeni kukhombisa buchawe.  Kutsiwa emandla abo asesandleni sekudla lekusandla semphi lesisetjentiswa ekugwazeni kungako nje kutsiwa labakaBhekiswako bayinsila yenkhosi.  Kutsiwa iNdlovukati Labotsibeni ngesikhatsi itsatsa lesikhundla sekuba yiNdlovukati, tinini tayo teta kutewuhlala nayo.  Kwatsite ngukutsi babe banengi labaMdluli base bafunelwa indzawo yabo, umphakatsi lapho batewuhlala khona.  Lowo mphakatsi nobe indzawo iNdlovukati yawucamba ngekutsi kuseNgwazini, lekusho indzawo yemachawe nobe tingwazi. Umntfwanenkhosi lomele kutsatsa bukhosi ubitwa ngekutsi ungumlisa.  BakaMdluli Bhekiswako-ke base batsatsa loku bakufaka etinanatelweni tabo ngobe phela iNdlovukati Labotsibeni ngiyo leyakhulisa yafundzisa yabuye yalungiselela Sobhuza Wesibili kutsatsa bukhosi.  BakaMdluli Sikhandzisa nebakaMdluli Bhekiswako abatitsatsi ngekutsi batihlobo letikhashane kepha ngebukhulu bemaguma abo, liguma lelikhulu boSikhandzisa bese kutsi liguma lelincane boBhekiswako lababitwa ngekutsi emahambate enkhosi langamange atfole lutfo.  Kamera, (1999) usitekela kutsi ncantilini laba bakaMdluli bebaniketwe umsebenti wekuniketa inkhosi luhlobo lwemutsi lotsite ngemicimbi wekuhlanta.  Lomutsi bewugaywa ube yimphuphu bese inkhosi iyawusebentisa ekuciniseni sigodlo sayo.  Cishe kunengi lokungashiwo ngalesibongo kepha lokhu ngiko lokubaluleke kakhulu lekwenta kutsi lesibongo singene emlandvweni weMaswati. 
3.3.2.1   Tinanatelo tabakaMdluli
Nati tinanatelo takaMdluli tilandvwa ngetindlela letehlukene. Lokubanga kutsi kube netindlela letehlukene kutsi labatitekako abatiteki ngendlela lefanako tinanatelo.  Loku kubangelwa kutsi umlandvo wetfu bewungabhalwa phansi manje labanye bateka ngendlela lebeva ngayo kepha tonkhe tisasho bona labekunene:
Indlela yekucala
Mdluli
Bhekiswako
Wena wabhekis’ inkhos’ elusaseni
Sukuta
Luvuno
Luvuno alunanhloni
BakaMdluli abayidli inyama yembuti
Badla yenkonkoni
Phika sinamandla
Mlimi wansindze
Bantfu balim’ emafus’ aboGembe
Mlisana
Ndzindzindzi
Mdluli!
Indlela yesibili
Mdluli
Bhekiswako
Phakatsi
Nselo lenkhulu
Luvuno lolungenamahloni
BakaMdluli abayidli inyama yembuti
Badla yenkonkoni
Mdluli!
Indlela yesitsatfu
Mdluli
Sikhandzisa
Mandzindzakandzaba
Wena Delila, tinkhomo
Watsenga emajaha
Indlela yesine
Mdluli
Sikhandzisa
Mkholo lonsundvu
Lonsundvu ngisho netinyawo takho
Mbokodvo lenhle legaya bulawu bemakhosi
Indlela yesihlanu
Mdluli
Sikhandzisa
Semakholo
Mbokodvo lendze
Lesilala bulawu bemakhosi
Mhlanti wendlunkhulu
Umlandvo webakaSimelane
BakaSimelane ngekulandzisa kwaGinindza, (1992), bangebeNguni labamaNtungwa kungako babitwa ngekutsi ngebakaMntungwa-Mnguni.  Labanye bakaSimelane bakhontiswa esiveni seMaswati kudzala kusabusa iNkhosi Ndvungunye lobekaganwe nguSomnjalose Simelane make waSobhuza Wekucala.  BakaSimelane bebadvume ngekuba tinyanga temphi.  Bebasita kuniketa imitsi emabutfweni aSobhuza Wekucala.  BakaSimelane bebatinte eNkalaneni ngaseveni laNdwandwe, KaZulu.  Bebatiphetse banebukhosi babo ngembi kwekutsi iNkhosi Zwide ifune kushwaca tonkhe tivane lebetakhelane naye. Sibongo sakaSimelane sandze lonkhe live.  Badzimate banendzawo yabo kuNtjingila , eShiselweni.  Lendzawo yacanjwa ngelichawe laso Ntjingila ngekulandza kwaMilikha Simelane abutwa nguMandla Zulu eNtsatselini yamhlaka 3 kuNgongoni 1999.  Kutsiwa lapha bekunaMaweni kanye naNtjingila longuye lomdzala.  Baniketwa tindzawo letimbili kutsi babukele inkhosi khona bangetewubangisana esitulwini.  Ntjingila waniketwa lela lakuNtjingila kwabesekutsi Maweni waniketwa leli laseNtjanini.  Kutsiwa Maweni nguye lowahamba wayolandza Ntjingila lena emuva eNkaleni KaZulu kutsi atewubuka lomhlaba labawuniketwe yinkhosi.  Bebakhuluma lulwimisigodzi lwesiZulu lesikhulunywa ngemaHlubi nemaMpembe lakhelene nemaMpondo.  Lolulwimi lwabo belwatiwa ngekutsi siMpembe.  Kungako nabahaywa kutsiwa `nabompembe’.  Kutsiwa belungafakwa kulesive lesi.  Empeleni bewungeke ubalokotse ngendlela bebatfusa ngayo kungako etinanatelweni tabo kutsiwa boNabolokotfwako.  Kutsiwa bebatisika kancane lapha etindlebeni kepha loluphawu beluba luncane kwangatsi badliwe ngemagundvwane kungako nje kutsiwa etinanatelweni tabo `Ndlebe zimchewana, zachewulwa ngemagundvwane’.   
Mbamba mbamba Simelane, Maseko, Gule naMtsimkhulu bekubanaka.  Kepha ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi base batiphembela tivana tabo njengoba nyalo sekutibongo letitimele.  Bekungemagama lawa ebantfu labaphuma esendzeni linye.  Lomunye khokho wabo bekunguNdlovu kungako bakaSimelane nebakaMaseko kutsiwa kubo `Ndlovu zadl’ ekhaya, ngekuswela belusi’.  Kutsiwa Simelane lowo lesikhuluma ngaye lapha abetalwa nguMnguni bese yena Simelane atale Ntjingila lokunguye lowagcina abaleke wayongena eSwatini.  Ntjingila ungukhokhomkhulu wesitsatfu kusukela kuMnguni.  Mnguni kutsiwa wabulawa libutfo laShaka leLuphondvo lapha bekalibutfo khona.  Tindvuku takhe tatsatfwa msa wakhe Simelane lowayibamba kushisa.  Kwagcina kungasamhambeli kahle naye Simelane lapha ebutfweni laShaka.  Ngaleso sikhatsi kwabese kufika libutfo laMswati Wekucala wabese Simelane uyambuluka uhamba naMswati.  Mswati wamtsandza kuSimelane ngoba abati kutsi utamcatsatela ngemasu emabutfo aShaka kute bancobe uma balwa nabo.  Kutsiwa tingwazi temabutfo bekungemelula kutsi atibulale Mswati natifikile ebutfweni lakhe.  Kutsiwa emaZulu abatitsa letinkhulu nelibutfo laMswati ngenca yaSimelane.  
BakaSimelane bangematala nkhosi ngobe naku Sonjalose atala Sobhuza Wekucala kungako nasetinanatelweni tabo kutsiwa `Mazala nkosi’.  Ngobe naku Sobhuza abetalwa nguLaSimelane bakaSimelane bayakufaka loku etinanatelweni tabo nabatsi `nabosidlukula dlwedlwe sikaLobamba.  Sibaphethe, sibadlukulisa’.  
Kutsiwa kubakaSimelane emancobo ayatila ngoba ahambelana nendlela lebatfola ngayo kuba tikhulu KaNgwane.  Bhozongo lobeyindlalifa[1] yakaSimelane lowahlaliswa kuSomnjalose aphuma eNkalaneni kute aphephe, wabese wentiwa sikhulu endzaweni yesikhulu lesehliswa esihlalweni lapha esigodzini sakaHlatsikhulu.  Lesikhulu saketulwa ngobe besiphetse inhlanyelo yemmbila ngesandla.  Watse natsi uvula sandla watfola lommbila sewumilile.  Loku kuyabalwa etinanatelweni tabakaSimelane nakutsiwa `Nabozinkobe zaphekw’ emthini, zafik’ emagaleni zanyanta.  Kutsiwa futsi abayidli inyoni lekutsiwa yincwincwi.  Lenyoni kutsiwa inemsebenti lomkhulu nakukhishwa umntfwana enyonini[2].  Kantsi nelidziya abalilokotsi nakancane labekunene.  Nalo lidziya linemsimeto lotsite leliwentako kulesibongo.  Kungako vele lidziya libitwa ngekutsi lakaSimelane.  Kutsiwa akunkhani idlala bantfwana kubakaSimelane.  Nasebatfukutsele ababuyeli emuva.
3.3.3.1     Tinanatelo takaSimelane
 Nati tinanatelo takaSimelane tilandvwa ngetindlela letehlukene. Lokubanga kutsi kube netindlela letehlukene kutsi labatitekako abatiteki ngendlela lefanako tinanatelo.  Loku kubangelwa kutsi umlandvo wetfu bewungabhalwa phansi manje labanye bateka ngendlela lebeva ngayo kepha tonkhe tisasho bona labekunene:
Indlela yekucala
Simelane
Mntungwa
Nabompembe
Nabolokotfwako
Ndlebe zimchewane,
Zachewulwa ngemagundvwane.
Ndlovu zadla’ ekhaya
Ngokweswel’ abelusi
Nine bakashihhawu nesibovana
NaboNgwane
Mazala nkosi
Nabosidlukula dlwedlwe sikaLobamba
Sasibaphethe, sibadlukulisa.
Nabonkobe ziphekw’ emthini
Zafik’ emagaleni zanyanta
Awucedvwa Ngwane.
Indlela yesibili
Simelane
Mnguni
Mnguni waseBuhleni
Mnguni waseGudu
Mphembe
Ndlebe Zimchewana
Lubisi luyadlanga alunamphuphu
Simelane
NaboNgwane
Indlela yesitsatfu
Simelane
Mntungwa kaNdlovu
Mpembe lakaLokotfwako
Ndlebe timchewu
Nabolakana ekhaya netsafeni
Umbone ngani kutsi nguMnguni
Umbone ngetindlebe kukhanya
Indlela yesine
Simelane
NaboNgwane
NaboMpembe
Wena owagiqika ngesilulu eNkalaneni
Mnguni
Mnguni wakoNtjingila
Wena umuhle kakhulu
Ndlovu zadl’ ekhaya ngekwesw’ ebelusi
Zaze zeluswa intombazana uDengezane
Madela
Ngokudela izinkomo  wathenga ukulunga
Lubhembedu olumaletj’ anentsanyeni
Indlela yesitsatfu
Simelane
NaboNgwane
Mpembe lelihle lakaLokotfwako
Ndlebe zimqhewane
Zaqhewulwa ngamagundane
Wena waqicika nesilulu eNkalaneni
Wena waseGudu lowatala Somhlolo.
3.3.4    Umlandvo wakaShongwe
BakaShongwe babekudzabuka enhla nelive le-Afrika.  Ngekulandza kwaMandla Zulu acashunwe eNtsatselini YemaSwati yamhlaka 23 Imphala 1998 njengobe bacishe batfolakala emaveni lafana neZambia neMalawi.  Siyatfolakala kakhulu-ke lesibongo kulawo mave njengakhona lapha eSikhwahlande (eNingizimu Afrika) kanye naseSwatini.  Shongwe bekuligama lelichawe lesekwagcina kwentiwa sibongo salaba labatalwa nguye nobe labasive sakhe.  BakaShongwe bahamba bangena behla nalo le-Afrika nalapha entansi nalo.  LabakaShongwe ngekulandzisa kwaBabe Manandi Shongwe[1] batse nabawela iLimpopo, bafike batinta kuleShowe, babuye batsi kuhlalahlala naseLuphongolo.  Lapha kuyacaca kutsi besebaholwa lichawe Matsafeni.  Noko abahlalanga sikhatsi lesinganani eLuphongolo badlulela eMahamba.  Bafike bahlala nakaMatja.  Batse basuka lapho balibangisa eBulunga lekungunyalo basebanengi bakaShongwe lapho.  
Shongwe tamtfola timphi takucala tamdvumba njengoba live lalisayalutela kuhlaselwana, kubulawana, kufunwa live nemhlaba.  Sebefikile-ke entansi neBulunga, bangena kuleto timphi, balwa nebeSutfu imphi lebeyishwacisa lugogo.  Ngaleso sikhatsi Mswati Wekucala nanaye bekamatasatasa alwa nabo beSutfu.  Manje Matsafeni, Shongwe phela bekaphetse sive lebesikwati kulwa nalabeSutfu.  Ngulapho abonakala kakhulu Shongwe nebuchawe bakhe lewabese udvuma ngabo njengoba sekuvakala kutsi abese ayingwazi kulelive lebesebahlala kulo.  Shongwe naye ugcame kakhulu njengelichawe kuleto timphi ngoba naye wayilwa leyamphi yekuhlasela beSutfu.  Mswati Wekucala wagcina wabona kutsi kuncono endzisele Matsafeni umfati kute phela akhe sihlobo lesihle nesive seMantimandze.  Nembala wendziselwa-ke Matsafeni umfati weMalangeni.  Kutsiwa ngesikhatsi kuletfwa lomfati eMantimandze acabanga kutsi kuta imphi kulobo busuku ngobe abepheleketelwa bantfu labanyenti.  Batse nabasukuma batsi bafuna kuyiphunga kwatfolakala kutsi ngumtsimba lotfunywe nguMswati Wekucala.  Ngulapho-ke buhlobo bakheka khona bafakwa sikhonkwane.  Sive sakaShongwe kutfolakala kutsi sacelwa kutsi sigadze lena ngakuboHhohho ikakhulu tindzawo letakhelene nato.  Lapha bebagadze beSutfu kutsi bangangeni kuleli lemaSwati ngobe phela bebacoshwe khona labeSutfu.  Vele kwatsiwa Shongwe akente umncele kute bangalokotsi beSutfu bengce lapho.  Nemambala bakaShongwe bawenta ngekwetsembeka lowo msebenti kungako nanyalo basolomane bahleti kuleyo ndzawo lekuyindzawo yabo lebayilwela badvudvula beSutfu.  Lokugcamako kutsi umbuso weMaswati kulela leSwatini bewukhula sibili kepha solomane kunebuhlobo lobukhulu nesive sakaShongwe lebesolo siholwa nguMatsafeni. 
Lokunye lokuvelako ngekulandzisa kwakhe Mandla Zulu atekelwa ngumsumpe longuBabe Michael Shongwe weMpholonjeni, acashunwe ephephandzabeni iNtsatseli YemaSwati yamhlaka 23 kuMphala yanga-1998 kutsi Shongwe abenebanakabo lapha ebutfweni lakhe lebebakhaliphe kakhulu.  Labanakabo bekunguKunene naNgwenya.  Shongwe kutsiwa abenesitsembu lokwatsi nakafa kwadzingeka kutsi bangenwe[1].  Kufa kwaShongwe kwabonakala kutsi kusekhaya kwentiwe ngulomunye webanakabo lekutsiwa nguMcusi njengoba nyalo sekuvakala kwangatsi babantfu labangakahlobani kantsi belisendze linye.  Lomuhla Mcusi akabatili yena bakaShongwe Mntimandze, utsi bafati bakhe etama kubehlisa sitfunti kutsi akatalwa nabo.  Kutsiwa labafati baShongwe bashaya phansi ngendvuku batsi angeke bangenwe nguMcusi lowabulala indvodza yabo, batsi bangamane bangenwe nguKunene wendlu lencane lowavusa lendlu yaShongwe ngalokufanele.  Kungako etinanatelweni takhe Kunene utsi ulivusamuti ngaleso sizatfu.  Kulapho-ke bacabana behlukana khona labafati baShongwe naMcusi lowacoshwa lapha kaShongwe, kwatsiwa wendlu lembi.  Shongwe uyatsintseka futsi nakukhulunywa ngemphi yekuhlaselwa kwemaBhunu  KaZulu endzaweni leyatiwa ngekutsi kuseShowe[2] kutsiwa bekulichawe lelakhombisa bungwazi balo kuleyomphi.   Kantsi nabo beSutfu balutfota lolumanti kulengwazi yeMantimandze.  Kutsiwa Shongwe nelibutfo lakhe beSutfu babagicitela ematje labagcoba bafela khona lapho.  Labanye bakaShongwe basala khona KaZulu bagcine sebakhonte etikhulwini talapho.  Imphi lenkhulu ekhatsi kwesive sakaShongwe nebeSutfu yabaseMhuluhulu lena ngakubo-Acornhoek esifundzaveni saseLimpopo.  Batsi kwasala emachawe lapho.  Shongwe wagcina akhombise bugabazi bakhe kwaze kwacanjwa indzawo ngeligamalakhe.  Matsafeni ngaleso sikhatsi imphi yakhe beseyiholwa lijaha lakhe lekucala lelinguLovunywa atalwa nguLaMahlalela.  Kutsiwa Lovunywa abehamba adla tinkhomo etindzaweni letinyenti waze wayofika nakuboDalagubha.  Kutsi letinkhomo betigcina tentiweni-ke sekuyindzaba yabo bakaShongwe.  Nasekufunwa lotawutsatsa bukhosi alandzele Matsafeni Lovunywa batsi wavele watsi inkhosi isematfoleni, acondze kutsi akube nguMatsamo lotalwa nguLaDlamini lowendziswa achamuka ebukhosini bakaDlamini.  Labanye bafati baMatsafeni bekuboLaMamba lomdzala nalomncane.  Kutsiwa LaMamba lomncane amange atfole bantfwana kuMatsafeni kepha waze wabatfola sangenwe ngumnakabo Matsafeni longuMavubu.  Umntfwana lamtfola lapho kwaba nguNkhuhlu kepha vele abetalela Matsafeni.  Kantsi LaMamba lomdzala yena watala Hholo.  Matsamo naye wahamba etinyaweni teyise, longulomunye losetjentiswako ekufungeni kwabo kukhombisa kutsi bayintalelwane yakhe Shongwe (Matsamo).  Kutsiwa ngesikhatsi emaSwati ayidvudvula imphi besekaholwa nguLovunywa lobeyindvuna yemabutfo.  Bekunalesinye sive lesasisikhulu sisakaKhumalo lesasiholwa nguMthaziya sihlala dvute nalapha kutsiwa khona kuseNala Farm nyalo.  BakaKhumalo babaleka ngenca yemphi yebeSutfu bagcina sebetinte lena kuboGujwa njengobe nyalo sebatfolakala khona.  Kantsi nebakaMdluli bebakhona kulendzawo lena.  Phela bakaMdluli badvume kakhulu ngekufula tikhali.  Bona bebahlala futsi banenkambu dvute nentsaba iDzindvwa leyakhelene neNcabambili.  Nesive sakaMagagula sasikhona kuleyondzawo siholwa lichawe Khamukhamu Magcova.  BakaMagagula bebadvume ngelwati lwabo lwemitsi.  Lokunye lokubalulekile kutsi iNdlovukati leyatsatsa tintsambo ngesikhatsi kukhotsame iNgwenyama Sobhuza Wesibili italwa kaShongwe, lowo-ke nguDzeliwe.  Kamera, (1999) ubika kutsi bakaShongwe badvume ngesikhumba sabo lesihle, kungako kutsiwa nje etinanatelweni tabo `Mageza ngobisi amanz’ ahlezi’.  Lokunye lokubalulekile lokushiwo nguKamera, (1999) kutsi bakaShongwe bahlukene katsatfu kunaShongwe Mntimandze, Shongwe Mabhengeta kanye naKunene Mntimandze lohambelana naNgwenya.  BakaShongwe Mntimandze abatekani nebakaKunene Mntimandze.   Incabhayi itawuba kubanikati balesibongo kutsi batehlukanisele loMabhengeta naloMntimandze.   
Tinanatelo takaShongwe
Nati tinanatelo takaShongwe tilandvwa ngetindlela letehlukene. Lokubanga kutsi kube netindlela letehlukene kutsi labatitekako abatiteki ngendlela lefanako tinanatelo.  Loku kubangelwa kutsi umlandvo wetfu bewungabhalwa phansi manje labanye bateka ngendlela lebeva ngayo kepha tonkhe tisasho bona labekunene:
Indlela yekucala
Shongwe
Mntimandze
Bhambolunye
Tingaba timbili tekhabonyoko
Khophoza manzi izimomotho
Bantfu labahle
Mageza ngelubisi emant’ ahleti
Unkhukhu ziyalima amantjwel’ ayahlakula
Mafunga Matsamo echibini.
Indlela yesibili
Shongwe
Mntimandze
Bhambolunye
Tingaba timbili
Watitsatsa ekhabonyoko
Mageza ngelubisi
Labanye bageza ngemanti.
Indlela yesitsatfu
Shongwe
Mntimandze
Bhambolunye
Mageza ngelubis’ emant’ ahleti
Matsamo kubakaHhohho.
Indlela yesine
Shongwe
Mntimandze
Wena kaBhambolunye
Tingaba timbili tekhabonyoko
Alulunganga
Lwalahleka.
Indlela yesihlanu
Shongwe
Mabhengeta
Mcusi wendlunkhulu
Emacusi batsi mahle
Uma lilanga liyoshona
Ngwenyama ndvuna
Mahle emacusi
Ageza ngelubisi.
Indlela yesitfupha
Shongwe
Mcusi losabekako
Wena wagwazawathi
“Ngikhawule ngikhawule”
Wehlula timamba nato tonkhe tilwane
Indlela yesikhombisa
Shongwe
Mabhengeta weNgwenyama
Mcusi weNdlunkhulu
Emacusi atibhodza
Atibhalabane
Emacusi mahle
Mahle uma kuyawushona lilanga
Ngwenyama ndvuna
Malinga
Malinga lomama
Joli lomuhle ngentsamo
Nceba libanti
Lidzabula bantfwana
Macusi gezan’ izandla
Sajiyele izandla
Zekunemukela
Emacaca ngekunuka
Anukelana odvwana
Tinyoni tenkhosi
Tidla tesule imilomo
Wena wakaLaZidze
Wena wakaLaShangase
Shongwe.
Umlandvo wabakaTfwala
Sibongo sakaTfwala singulesinye setibongo letatiwako emaSwatini.  Sisibongo lesikhulu futsi lesitfolakala etindzaweni letehlukene.  Lapha sitawuke sisike kulelijikako ngemlandvo walesibongo.  Kwanyalo lesibongo sidvume ngekutsi iNdlovukati lephetse italwa khona kaTfwala.  Lowo phela ngumake weMbube Ntfombi Tfwala unina waMswati Wesitsatfu.  Sive sakaTfwala sitinte eBhadzeni lapho neNdlovukati italwa khona.  BakaTfwala kutsiwa lesibongo basitfola ngemsebenti wabo lebebawentela bukhosi.  Phela kutsiwa ngesikhatsi kusahanjwa kusukwa kulelive kuyiwe kuleli asengakatinti emaSwati, Tfwala nguye lebekatfwalela emalunga endlunkhulu timphahla.  Indzawo yeBhadzeni idvume kakhulu ngelutsango lwabomake loludvume lonkhe live.  Ingani kunemagabazi sibili laholwa ngubo bakaTfwala.  
Mandla Zulu ephephandzabeni, Intsatseli YemaSwati yamhlaka 4 kuNdlovana 2000, wacocisana naBabe Mhlaseli Tfwala weSigangeni lowamtekela kutsi labanyenti batawumangala nabeva lomlandvo webaka Tfwala kutsi weyamene kakhulu nalawo webakaNkhosi Dlamini.  Kuhlobana kwaletibongo kwacala ngesikhatsi setimphi.  LabakaTfwala bebanesivane sabo lebesatiwa ngekutsi baTfwa.  Phela baTfwa belungafakwa kubo ngenkhani futsi bebalwa kuphuke imikhono.  Bebangahlehli naseyibambene ingani bebasebentisa nebutjokwana njengesikhali sabo kudubula titsa tisekhashane.  Kutsiwa labantfu labebaTfwa bebasive sebaSutfu.  Kutsiwa-ke bebatinte kulelive leSwatini lingakabi nguleSwatini lesilati namuhla.  Lokutfolakalako kutsi laba besibongo sakaTfwala bebanebakaMotsa Mvulane nabatfolakala eSwatini kungako nje kutsi bangemakhandzambili.  Phela emakhandzambili ngulaba labatfolwa bakaNkhosi ngesikhatsi befika eSwatini bachamuka kulelemaTfonga.  Kutsiwa indlela labatfolakala ngayo yacaka sibili ngaleso sikhatsi.  Kuvakala kutsi iNkhosi Mswati Wesibili kwenteka kutsi bekufuneka kutsi kutfolakale umuntfu lotawutfwala intfo yakhe letsite.  Lentfo yakhe Mswati kutsiwa bekungeke kulunge batitfwalele yona labakaDlamini.  BakaNkhosi kutsiwa banelutfo lwabo lebelusholwe emfuntini.  Bantfu labanyenti bayatibuta kutsi yini lebeyifakwe emfuntini nekutsi umfunti uyini wona mbamba mbamba uyini.  Phela ngesikhatsi emaSwati ahlehla neLubombo, lentfo yawo besolomane bahamba nayo laba besibongo sakaDlamini.  Manje iNkhosi yandzindza kutsi itawuphatsisa bani.  Kwabese kuvela labanye labatsi kukhona bafana lababili bendvodza yakaMotsa lekunconywa kutsi ngibo labangatfwala lomtfwalo lose ucake iNkhosi.  
Inkhosi amange ipholise emaseko, yavele yatsi abalandvwe ngaleso sikhatsi itebabona kutsi banjani.  Beyifuna kubona kutsi ngumuphi lengamniketa lomsebenti loyincelencele kangaka.  Labafana lomunye abekhanya ngelibala kantsi lolomunye aluhlata.  Inkhosi yavele yatsi angeke alunge lolokhanyako ngobe utawushesha abonakale futsi angadvonsa nembani welitulu.  Bantfu bakudzala phela bebangayitsandzi intfo lemhlophe, batsi itabadvonsela umbane welitulu masinyane.  Nangempela kwakhetfwa lololuhlata.  Phela bakaMotsa bangebeSutfu labatfolwa eSwatini ngesikhatsi kufika bakaDlamini kungako kutsiwa ngemakhandzambili.  Inkhosi yabese iyamnika lomfana lentfo lebeyisemfuntini kutsi ayetfwale.  Phela sive nesive besinentfo nobe tintfo labangehlukani nato nobe sekwente njani.  Labatiko batsi bakaNkhosi bebanelitulu labakwati kutiphehlela lona uma kunesomiso.  Futsi lelitulu bebabuye balisebentise etimphini ngetindlela letitsite nabalwa netitsa kute bancobe.  Lomfunti-ke[1] sewuhletjelwe kutsi kulokunye bewuphatsani.  
Manje-ke lomfana lontima kwabese kuba ngumsebenti wakhe kutsi atfwale lomfunti weNkhosi.  Kulapho-ke savela khona lesibongo sakaTfwala.  Kwagucuka kutsi baMotsa kepha kwatsiwa baTfwala ngoba nangu lolomnyama atfwalele inkhosi lutfo lolutsite.  Buciniso baloku bucinisekiswa ngibo mbamba bakaTfwala.  Kuyacaca kutsi lesibongo sakaTfwala yintfo lebeyingekho ngisho nasemagameni ebantfu lebebakhona ngaleso sikhatsi.  Kuvakala kahle lapha kutsi lesibongo sakaTfwala sacala ngesigameko lesitsite.  Kuyacaca futsi kutsi laba bakaTfwala nebakaMotsa babantfu banye ngekudzabuka.  
Kulomlandvo webakaTfwala kuyacaca futsi kutsi iNkhosi Mswati Wesibili nguye lowacala kutsi kube naleminye imikhosi lemikhulu leyatiwako nalehlonishwako ngemaSwati.  Lomkhosi ngulona weNcwala.  Lomkhosi kutsiwa wacala ngekutsi iNkhosi Mswati Wesibili ineNdlovukati yayo Tsandzile Ndwandwe akaphatsekanga kahle enhlitiyweni kangangekutsi wehluleka nekutibamba, wasidzindza sililo.  Sive samangala ngobe besingamane sibone tinyembeti teNdlovukati.  Kutsiwa lolosuku lwahlonishwa kakhulu langakhohlakali etingcondvweni tebantfu.  Kutsiwa nelitulu lana tiga umhlola limangala lolokwentekako, kukhala make wesive.  Phela ngaso leso sikhatsi umfunti besolomane utfwalwe nguTfwala.
BakaTfwala kutsiwa batalwa kute lokhanyako kubo.  Umntfwana lotalwa anelibala lelikhanyako uba nebumatima kutsi amukeleke kahle kutsi walapho kulelo khaya.  Batsi kuye kubonakale natsatse libala lenina lomntfwana kepha akusiyo intfo levamile leyo.  Kutsiwa bakaTfwala abayidli inyama yenkhomo lengenatimphondvo, umshiva phela, kungako kutsiwa bangubo, `nshivakati’.        
3.3.5.1    Tinanatelo takaTfwala
Nati tinanatelo takaTfwala tilandvwa ngetindlela letehlukene. Lokubanga kutsi kube netindlela letehlukene kutsi labatitekako abatiteki ngendlela lefanako tinanatelo.  Loku kubangelwa kutsi umlandvo wetfu bewungabhalwa phansi manje labanye bateka ngendlela lebeva ngayo kepha tonkhe tisasho bona labekunene:
Indlela yekucala
Tfwala
Mnyamandze
Lukhambule
Mnyamandze wakaLaSiwela
Nshivakati
Nkhomo katingeni edamu
Tiyacabelana.
Indlela yesibili
Tfwala
Mnyamandze
Mkhonto lodvuma njengelitulu
Mafuyankhabi
Shiva longenamphondvo
Lenetimphondvo tatitsatsa ekhabonina
Mazalankhosi
Natala Mswati Wesitsatfu.
Indlela yesitsatfu
Tfwala
Lukhambule
Nshivakati
Mnyamandze
Wena wakalaSiwela
Wena welufuya nkhaba
Shiva lengenatimphondvo
Ingaba netimphondvo
Yafuta ekhabonina
Tfwala.
3.3.6    Umlandvo wakaMahlalela
BakaMahlalela bachazeka kahle nawubamatanisa nemlandvo weNkhosi Mswati Wekucala kuhambe kudzimate kufike kuMswati Wesibili.  Ngekusho kwaBabe Bonani Mahlalela abutwa nguMandla Zulu ephephandzabeni, Intsatseli YemaSwati 24 iNgongoni 1999.  Umlandvo webakaMahlalela uhamba indzawo lendze lekwenta kutsi kugujwe, kufunwe, kuvisisa kahle kutsi baze babe bakaMahlalela nje bekwentenjani.  BakaMahlalela basive semaTfonga ngekudzabuka.  Noko kukhona lekungasiwo emaShangane ngobe vele batalelwa lapha KaNgwane.  
Mahlalela akusiso sibongo sabo kepha kwaba nentfo letsite leyenta kuze kutsiwe bakaMahlalela.  Leyontfo yentiwa ngibo kepha bangati kutsi itabadalela kutsi kube sibongo sabo njalo.  Kutfolakala kutsi laba bakaMahlalela badzabuka kulaba bakaNkhosi Dlamini.  Laba ngemalangeni mbamba.  Bahlehla ngeLubombo ngaleta tikhatsi teNkhosi Mswati Wekucala.  Kutsiwa laba bahamba badzimate bayofika naseZambiya lapho kutsiwa tikhonkwane takhe Mswati Wekucala tekugcina lelive betitfolakala khona.  Kutsiwa kucala Mswati Wekucala abehamba ashayela tikhonkwane lebekabekisa ngato kutsi live lakhe ligcina kuphi.  Abengenandzaba kutsi ukhona yini lomunye lotawubona kutsi lapha endzaweni letsite seyindzawo yalomunye umuntfu.  Yena abetitjela kutsi kute lomunye lotawuhlala kuleyo ndzawo lasayibekisile.  Kutsiwa letikhonkwane betihlala tihlolwa tinhloli takhe kutsi kute yini lesebafike bahlala kuleyo ndzawo.  
Nakwentekile kwaba khona sive lesingenako lapho abekise khona besesisuke siyinyatsele emsileni kuMswati.  Bekuba yimphi kuphela lencoba lombango.  Letikhonkwane kutsiwa kukhona lebekufakwa kuto kute kutsi nawufika kuto uve kuceka emadvolo, ubone kutsi lapha kwangatsi sewutibatela tiphunti, uphele emandla.  Kungenjalo vele bewuhlangana nelitje lembetse ingubo.  Kutsiwa libutfo laMswati ladzimate lafika eZambiya nje belicosha beSutfu lebebanenkhani yesicoco baloku baphikelele kujika nalibutfo laMswati libayekela.  Kulwa nebeSutfu kwabuye kwachubeka sekubusa Mswati Wesibili.  Emabutfo enkhosi Mswati Wesibili kutsiwa ake atsi ayahamba alandzela bona beSutfu njalo, atitfola aphelelwa ngemandla sekuceka emadvolo.  Nembala bahlala phansi kantsi sebabanjwe nguletikhonkwane letinemkhuba ekhatsi.  Bona bebangati kutsi sebakuphi futsi kwentekeni.  Lokusho kona kutsi kukhona umsimeto labangemange bawente.  Ngaleso sikhatsi kutsiwa emabutfo bekahamba ticheme letinyenti letehlukene.  Kwafika lelinye libutfo latfola laba labanye batse vitsi phansi latsi hlalani-ke nine bomahlalela.  Lolobaholako lapho wabitwa ngekutsi nguMahlalela.  Kwatsi nalelibutfo imbala latiwa kanjalo.  Ngulapho kunenhlaseyana yekutsi savela njani lesibongo.  LabakaMahlalela lomlandvo wabo vele uyakhombisa kutsi bebakanye nalaba bakaDlamini ngembi kwaleya ngoti.  
Laba bakaMahlalela bahlobene mbamba nebakaMaziya.  Kutsiwa lelinye lemabutfo aMswati lake latsi lihamba lihlola tikhonkwane lahlangana nenja ngenyenti.  Phela lapha kutsiwa babona indlovu itala.  Loku kwaba yintfo lemangalisako leyabacedza emandla.  Bema khimilili lapho babukela kwaze kwafika lelinye libutfo labatfola baziyaziya.  Lavele lelo butfo latsi kulaba labaziyaziyako abasale njalo baziyaziya.  Kusukela lapho lelobutfo latiwa ngekutsi lakaMaziya lohlobene nalaba.  Abese lamabutfo aboshwa ngabhande linye kutsiwa lakaMahlalela naMaziya.  Kwasuka lapho kutsi bantfu babitwe ngekutsi boMahlalela Maziya.   Kepha mbamba mbamba kuyakhombisa kutsi labakaMahlalela baphuma kulaba bakaDlamini ngobe naloku lokutilwa bakaDlamini njengemvu lemnyama nebakaMahlalela bayayitila.  Lokunye lokwenta kubonakale kutsi bakaMahlalela vele baphuma kubo laba bakaDlamini kutsi netinanatelo tabo vele tiyafana.  Ingani nabo boMahlalela batsi nabatinanatela batsi bacedza lubombo ngekuhlehletela.  Kantsi nemfunti lowakaDlamini uyatsintseka etinanatelweni takaMahlalela lekungeke kube yintfo leyenteke ngeliphutsa lena ngoba vele bakaDlamini kuphela labadvume ngalomfunti wabo.  Kubalulekile kutsi kuchazwe lapha kutsi tibongo letinyenti njengobe kuke kwachazwa phambilini, tavela ngetigigaba letitsite nobe tigameko letake tehlela bantfu labo.  Manje nalapha kuyacaca kutsi bakaMahlalela nebakaMaziya tibongo tabo tavela ngaloku lokwenteka kulabasunguli bato letibongo.  Imvu lemnyama kaMahlalela kutsiwa isetjentiswa kwenta imisemeto letsite lefaka ekhatsi kukhulisa umntfwana kanye nekubetsela[1] likhaya.
3.3.6.1   Tinanatelo takaMahlalela
Nati tinanatelo tebakaMahlalela tilandvwa ngetindlela letehlukene. Lokubanga kutsi kube netindlela letehlukene kutsi labatitekako abatiteki ngendlela lefanako tinanatelo.  Loku kubangelwa kutsi umlandvo wetfu bewungabhalwa phansi manje labanye bateka ngendlela lebeva ngayo kepha tonkhe tisasho bona labekunene:
Indlela yekucala
Mahlalela
Maziya
Mcanco
Wena lowacedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela
Ubophele lokuhle emfuntini
Mlangeni
Indlela yesibili
Mahlalela
Maziya
Mcanco
Phuma langa sikotse singenangubo
Mahlalela
Emagama esintfu
Kwetsa emagama ebuKhrestu nobe esilumbi bekutsatfwa njengendlela yemphucuko nobe indlela lekhombisa kwamukela buKhrestu kubantfu labaMnyama. Bafundisi nabothishela bebanelilungelo lekwetsa emagama ebuKhrestu nobe esilumbi kubantfwana labanemagama esintfu kuphela.  LobekenguMengameli wekucala weNingizimu Afrika lekhululekile Nelson Mandela usibonelo lesihle.  Ligama lakhe lesintfu lelitsi Rolihlahla wafike thishela wangalitsandzi wametsa lelitsi Nelson ngaphandle kwekubuta batali bakhe.  Kutsiwa make wakhe wadzimate washona angakwati kubita leligama laNelson.  Kutsiwa yena bekacabanga kutsi basho “Nelisiwe”.
Kubaluleka kwemagama esintfu
Kwetsa umntwana ligama kuyintfo lebaluleke kakhulu kabi ebantfwini labama-Afrika.  Batsatsa sikhatsi lesidze bacabanga ligama labangaletsa umntfwana.  Phela ligama libaluleke kabi kubatali, tihlobo kanye nebantfu bakuleyo ndzawo.  Ngivumelana naSuzman, (1994) nakatsi etiveni letinyenti tema-Afrika bantfwana banemagama lanenchazelo lekhulumako, lekungafani nebalingani babo bebeLumbi, le magama akhona amalebula nje.  Ligama lesintfu libaluleke indlela lacakile.  NgesiSwati kunesisho lesitsi: `Ligama lemuntfu yinkhomo, sibongo yimbuti’.  Loku kukhombisa ngalokusebaleni kutsi ligama lesintfu libaluleke kundlula sibongo.  Ingani ngisho nebakhunkhulu umuntfu bambita ngeligama lakhe nabafuna kumgila imikhuba.  Kungako nje kutsiwa ungabosabela nawuva umuntfu akumemeta ebusuku.  Kantsi ngesintfu akwenteki kutsi umuntfu amemete lomunye ngeligama lakhe lesintfu.  Kepha kulula kutsi ungeva kutsiwa John, Tim, Jeff, njill.  Kubaluleka kweligama lesintfu nobe lasekhaya kufakazelwa nguNtuli naNtuli, (1995) encwadzini yabo letsi: `Izizenze’ lapho ngemagama abo babeka kucace kanje:
Kule minyaka edlule igama lomuntu belibiza ishumi lopondo.  Kwakuyimali enkulu ishumi lopondo.
Yicala elikhulu elalimlahla umuntu qede ahlawuliswe ngeshumi lawopondo.  Kwakunjalo ukungcofa igama lomuntu.  Nanamuhla kuselicala elikhulu ukujivaza igama lomuntu ngokuhamba njengehansi utshela abantu ukuthi usobanibani ugile umkhuba omubi.  Alisagezwa-ke ngeshumi lawopondo igama elinukubeziwe.  Umninilo usekungenela kubammeli, akudle adle ngisho inkukhu ethi kwe egcekeni lakho.
                                               (Ntuli naNtuli, 1995:106).
Nangabe ligama lesintfu libaluleke kangaka kuma-Afrika kumele kuke kuphenyisiswe kutsi kungani loku kunjena.  Kumele kuke kubukwe kutsi yini leyentekako nakwetsiwa bantfwana emagama kute kutfolakale sitfombe lesiphelele.  Kumele kubukwe kutsi yini ndzaba bantfu bakhetse ligama lelitsite nabetsa umntfwanabo.  Kwetsa umntfwana yintfo lechubekako lengemi ndzawonye.  Nicolaisen, (1976) ukubeka kucace loku nangemavi akhe atsi:
The naming process is a continuum that has never been interrupted since it first began.  In fact, naming is so intimately linked with the history of the human race and its mastery over the world by which it is
surrounded, that ultimately the history of
naming may be said to be the same as the history
of the human spirit, or, putting it in a proverbial nutshell, man always has been, and still is, a naming animal.
                                  (Nicolaisen, 1976:143).
Ucinisile Nicolaisen kwetsa umntfwana ligama utawudzimate ahlukaniswe nalo kufa.  Ubuye atsi eveni akekho lovunyelwe kungabi nalo ligama.  Sampson abhalela liphephandzaba i-Saturday Star lamhlaka 24 kuMabasa 1999, ukuchubela embili loku lokushiwo nguNicolaisen uma ngemagama atsi:
Names have to be strong, memorable and capable of standing the test of time.  And they should not mean something rude in any language.
                                                    (Sampson, 1999:14).
Kuyajabulisa lamalanga kubona kutsi bosopolitiki bakitsi kwangatsi sebayabona kutsi bona ngekutsi badvume futsi batiwe ngemagama abo esilumbi.  Loku kwenta kutsi kube lula kutsi nesive silandzele nangabe baholi bakhomba indlela.  Phela kwetsa emagama esilumbi ngiko lesekugcwele etingcondvweni tebantfu labamnyama.  Ngengobe bekushiwo vele umuntfu abone kwangatsi uyaphoceka netsa umntfwana ligama lesintfu.  Nsimbi, (1959) uyibeka kahle lendzaba nakatsi:
There are many good traditions and customs which the African ought to keep and be proud of.  At present many African tribes are loosing much of this inheritance in an attempt to adopt Western culture wholesale.... In my opinion the use of African traditional names ought to be preserved....
	                                                              (Nsimbi, 1950:204).
LebekanguNobhala Jikelele wePan African Congress (PAC), uMnu. Benny Alexander waba ngulomunye wekucala kutsi antjintje ligama lakhe lesilumbi abuyele kulendzabuko laKhoisan X.  Bantfu labafana naNdvunankhulu weMphumalanga Kapa, uMfundisi Arnold Stofile nanaye sewuntjintjele egameni lakhe lesintfu laMakhenkesi.  Empeleni lowo akafuni nani kutsi abitwe nga-Arnold.  Ndvunankhulu weGauteng, Sam Shilowa sewusebentisa ligama lakhe lasekhaya laMbazima akasabitwa ngalela Sam.  Akugcini lapho, neNdvuna lephetse Litiko leTemsebenti, Sheperd Mdladlana, sewubuyele egameni lakhe lasekhaya laMembathisi.  Lomunye lolandzele labaholi yiNdvuna yeTekuvikela, Patrick Lekota, sewuntjintjile nanaye sewusebentisa ligama lasekhaya laMosia.  Banyenti kabi labalandzele labaholi,luhla ludze kakhulu.  Bhengu, (1975) ubukeka ayitsandza kakhulu indzaba yekusebentisa emagama asekhaya futsi uyakhombisa kubaluleka kwalamagama.  Asesimuve nakabeka ngemagama atsi:
Generally speaking Africans value their names.  A traditional African name is a religious mark of personal and human identification.  It is a symbol of honour and respect for the physical environment in which the human experience flourishes positively or negatively.
                                       (Bhengu, 1975:52).	                                                  (Bhengu, 1975:52)
Kuntjintja kwemagama esilumbi kusetjentiswe esintfu kusinyatselo lesihle lesibheke embili.  Kuluphawu lolu lolukhombisa kukhululeka kuntjintja emagama esilumbi ngobe phela kute langakhulula tingcondvo tetfu ebugcilini lekudvunjwa ngaphandle kwetfu.  Ngubane, (1995) encwadzini lehlelwe nguMakobane nalabanye, (1995) uyayisonga lendzaba nakabeka ngalendlela kubaluleka kwemagama esintfu:
African names are not haphazardly chosen.  They are chosen within the existential reality of the family, the sibling or the larger community.  They have contextual basis.  Often the name is a record of the happenings about the time of the birth of the child; it may be a reminder of an important episode within the history of society which may both precede the birth of the child and/or survive it.  The family history and the doings of the ancestors may be neatly woven into the child’s name.  The name given in this manner we have explained above is the official name of the child, giving him/her the sense of recognition, identity and sense of belongingness in society.  The name often expresses one’s social potential and expectations of him/her.  The name given at birth is the true, great name the child will always be called by the parents and those of the parent’s generation.  This is superior to all other names he may receive later.
                                (Makobane nalabanye, 1995:149-150).
Loku kufike kuvise buhlungu ngobe belumbi kulelive letfu bafike bangakushayi mkhuba bakuhlaneketela njengoba Khumalo, (2000) achazile ngentansi. 	
Emagama esintfu nemagama asesontfweni
Uma kukhulunywa ngemagama asesontfweni kusuke kucondvwe lamagama bantfu labaniketwa wona nababhatjatiswa.  Lamagama asuke angeta kulamagama bantfwana labasuke babetse wona emakhaya.  Njengobe bekuke kwaphawulwa ligama lasesontfweni nobe lesilumbi likhombisa kuyikhetsa iNkhosi nobe kuphucuka kubantfu labangakacacelwa kahle.  Ingani phela bewusuke ungakayikhetsi iNkhosi nangabe usaneligama lesintfu kuphela lekuyintfo lengekho kubangekho.  Bafundisi bebaneligunya lekwetsa umntfwana ligama lemehlo abo atawusheshe ahlangane nalo eBhayibhelini kunganakwa kutsi litsini bese lifakwa esitifiketini sekutalwa.  Labanyenti bantfu emagama abo asekhaya asekugcineni, kucaliswe ngemagama esilumbi labangawati nekutsi atsini.  Khumalo, (2000) uyichaza kancono lendzaba nangemagama akhe abeka atsi:
Akugcini lapho ngoba abaningi bethu baqanjwa amagama esiNgisi, esiFulentshi, esiPutukezi nokunye ngabefundisi abamhlophe.  Babili bathathu abaziqondayo izincazelo zalawa magama abo.  Lawo magama okuthunjwa kwethu nokuthenwa nokuphakulwa kwethu kokwakwethu, yiwona angongqa phambili komazisi bethu.  Kuyiqiniso elithe qwa ukuthi ibizo lami lokuqala kwakungeke futhi akusoze kwaba ngelesiNgisi ngoba angisilona iNgisi.  Ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yami kuyisilonda esophayo nozozo obhibhayo ukwazi ukuthi ibizo lami lakwethu lanqindwa amanqindi yimithetho yezwe ehambisana nokuthunjwa kwengqondo nobumina.
                                               (Khumalo, 2000:6).
Yindzaba lebuhlungu kabi lena  futsi ledzinga kufakelwa tibuko.  Loku sekwenta bantfu bakitsi kutsi banyembenye emagama abo asekhaya batsandze lawa esilumbi.  Khumalo, (2000) ulandzisa kutsi bantfu bebalwa babange kusetjentiswa kwemagama.  Asimuve nabeka atsi:
Emihleni yobuncane bethu, kwakuliwa kubangwa ukuthi untanga yakho ukubize ngebizo lasekhaya esikoleni noma esontweni.  Isimanga ngesokuthi abantu bebangalwi uma untanga yakhe embize ngebizo lakhe lesilungu ekhaya noma ezinkomeni.  Konke kwakwenziwa ukugxishwa imfucuza yemfundisoze yabathumbi bezingqondo zomuntu womdabu.
                                                           (Khumalo, 2000:6).
Ngubane, (1995) encwadzini lehlelwe nguMakobane nalabanye, (1995) ubika kutsi asengumfundisi eMgungundlovu ngeminyaka yabo-1970 wake wafonelwa ngumzalwane wesilisa acela kubhatjatiselwa umntfwanakhe.  Kulokubhatjatiswa kwalomntfwanakhe bekangafuni nangeliphutsa kutsi aniketwe lelinye ligama ngaphandle kwaleli lesintfu lametse lona yena.  Wabuye wakubeka lomzalwane kutsi uma sifiso sakhe singentiwa, yena nemndeni wakhe batawuphuma baphele eRoma.  Ngubane wayitsembisa lendvodza kutsi sicelo sayo utasindlulisela kuBhishopi Lomkhulu, Hurley.  Ngenhlanhla saphumelela sicelo salendvodza kepha kwabekwa umbandzela wekutsi leligama kufanele libe nenchazelo lenhle futsi lamukeleke enkholweni.  Ngubane uchubeka avete lokunye lokushwacisa lugogo nangemagama akhe abeka atsi:
At the time of the above event many priests thought it obligatory to have one name of a Saint in Baptism.  The baptismal registers of that time provided two spaces for the first names.  The first space was for the “Christian Name”, the second for the “Heathen Name”.  Note the insult albeit not intended.  We Africans never had “heathen names”.  We had African names for we are not “Godless or without religion”, we have and had always our traditional religion.  By “Christian Name” I think it was generally meant the name of a Saint chosen in baptism.
                                (Makobane nalabanye, 1995:145).
Akugcini ngaloku lesekubekiwe ngenhla, Ngubane uchubeka atsi kwatsi antjintjane nalomunye umfundisi wavumela bazalwane kutsi kubhatjatiswe bantfwanabo ngemagama asekhaya kuphela.  Loku utsi kwenteka emva kwekukhulumisana naBhishopi lomkhulu njengobe besekubikiwe ngenhla.  Utsi batali labanyenti bakujabulela kakhulu loku.  Kepha tintfo tajika nakubuya lomfundisi lebekantjintjane naye.  Asesimuve Ngubane nabeka ngemagama akhe ngaloluhlobo:
However, when my confrere had returned from vacation he looked in the baptismal register and cancelled all the African names I had recorded as “Christian Names”.  He replaced them with names of two Saints only.  He gave the name “Joseph” to all boys, and “Mary’ to all the girls.  This behaviuor was absurd because these “new” names were not known to the parents and sponsors of the baptized children.  How he dealt with this new problem he has created I don’t know.  Perhaps he was convinced that in spite of the response of Archbishop Hurley and our discussion I had misled the people.
                                (Makobane nalabanye, 1995:146).
Emagama esintfu njengobe besekuchaziwe anenchazelo levakalako futsi acatjangiswa ngembi kwekutsi atsiwe umntfwana lowo.  Parrinder, (1951) acashunwe nguKoopman, (1986), ukubeka kucace loku nangemavi akhe atsi:
A further very important part of the personality is the name.
    ....No name is a mere  name.
There are public and private names, and juniors in addressing them must often not use the names of seniors.  This is because the name expresses the individual character of a man.
It is not a mere handle, but shares in the spiritual reality of man’s being ...
... In baptisms and the use of Christian names, one finds the difference between a foreign, imposed name, and the one, which belongs to the person in his very self.  Ask whether such-and-such is his child’s Christian name, the father will answer with a direct yes; but asked as to his native name, he will reply with the more profound `it is he`”
                                               (Koopman, 1986:15).
Kwetsa emagama esilumbi kubhacwe ngekutsi asesontfweni akugcini lapha eNingizimu Afrika kuphela.  Bettie, (1957:99) abhala ngemagama esive semaNyoro ase-Uganda ubeka atsi:
Nowadays, most Banyoro are Christened at some time during infancy or childhood, and they then receive a second ‘Christian ‘ name, usually a Bantuized form of the name of some Biblical character ...(e.g.)... Yeremya, Yosefu.. The modern practice is then to put the Christian name first, using the traditional Nyoro personal name rather like a surname.
Loku lokungenhla kuvakala kahle nakubekwa nguNtuli naNtuli, (1995) nabakhala sililo ngekwetsiwa kwemagama esilumbi.  Asibeve nababeka ngemagama abo ngalendlela:
Lafa elihle kakhulu ngokufika kwabelungu nenkolo yobuKristu.  Bathi uma siletha amadodakazi ethu esontweni masiwaqambe sithi ngoSibhili noBhithilizi, noMidilethi, noThilayizina.  Yini yona uSibhili?Yini uBhithilizi?Yini uMidilethi?UThilayizina yena yini?  Lixabana ngani nenkolo yobuKristu igama lendodakazi yami elithi Shongaziphi? Uma uShongaziphi elanywa uNginikabani konakalani?  UNomkhosi uyinhlamba ngaphi?  Ngubani othi izingilozi ziyokwehluleka ukumbiza kahle uthunjana wami zimngenise ekuphileni okuphakade ngoba ngametha ngathi nguBagcinile?
Ngamagama aphilayo lana.  Ngamagama akhulumayo.  Mahle.  Ayahlonipheka.
                                            (Ntuli naNtuli, 1995:109).
Kepha kuyajabulisa kutsi bantfu labamnyama njengobe besekuke kwabekwa ngenhla sebayawatsandza emagama esintfu.  Loku kufakazelwa nguXulu, (1987:43) nangemagama akhe abeka atsi:
Amagama omdabu sekuyiwona asemqoka manje.  Singasho
ukuthi lokho kwenziwa yikuthi yiwona akhuluma nomuntu
nakhuluma ulimi lomdabu kunawesilungu, kumbe athathelwe
eMqulwini.  Sibona umuntu oMnyama esebuyela kokwakhe.
Emagama esilumbi kwangatsi akasayitfoli kahle indzawo ebantfwini bemdzabu.  Bhengu aphawula ngencwadzi ya-Armah letsi “The Beatiful ones are yet to be born” acashunwe nguKoopman, (1986) ubeka atsi ngaloludzaba:
Armah with his biting contempt for the `black imitators’ shows to what ridiculous lengths colonial patterns of thought can go.  These names have no positive thrust to the African culture.  These names glorify European culture.  What the editor of Afrika must Unite finds irritating is that even the names of some of Africa’s greatest thinkers, writers, sportsmen and cultural heroes are caught up in this trap of post colonialism.
                                                       (Koopman, 1986:24).
Loku kuyakhombisa kutsi bantfu kucanjwa kwabo emagama esilumbi kusuke nje kukhonjiswa kutsi emasiko ebelumbi nguwo lamakhulu lahloniphekile lekuyimfundziso lembi.  Kumele bantfu bawatsandze emagama lahambisana nengati yabo. 
Emagama emakhosi aKaZulu
Kuyinhlanhla kutsi emagama emakhosi eluhlanga asintfu.  Loku kwenta kutsi kube lula kwati inchazelo yalo.  Ingwenyama Sobhuza Wesibili beyinemagama lamabili leyetsiwa wona isatalwa futsi omabili anetinchazelo nemlandvo lobalulekile.  Ingani uyise wametsa kutsi nguNkhotfwetjeni, lebekuchaza kutsi Bhunu bekahlala etintsabeni teMdzimba nakutalwa lomntfwana kantsi gogo wakhe wametsa watsi nguMona, lekuchaza umona lebewukhona ngaleso sikhatsi.  Phela bekutondzana belumbi bodvwa kantsi nebantfu labamnyama bebatondzana bodvwa. 
Lapha sitawusika lelijikako mayelana nemagama emakhosi aKaZulu.  Uma ubuka emagama emakhosi aKaZulu uyatfola kutsi akachazi banikati bawo kuphela kepha aniketa umlandvo lomudze wesive semaZulu.  Ngcongwane, (1986) encwadzini yakhe yetinsimu letsi Di Monate Ka Ho Phetwa uyibeka kahle lendzaba natsi:
Mabitso a marena a ha Zulu ha a bolele ditaba tsa beng ba ona feela, empa a hlalosa histori kaofela ya setjhaba sa Mazulu.  Ka mabitso a marena motho o tseba hantle hore ho ile ha etsahlala eng ka dinako tseo morena eo a neng a busa ka tsona.  Ke taba e makatsang , empa ke nnete.  Mabitso a ka hlalosa dintho tse kgolo ruri!  Morena wa ha Zulu ha a bolelwa, ho hokelwa mabitso a bontatae moholo kaofela ho ya ka ho tswalana ha bona, a etse thapo etelelehadi.
                                                            (Ngcongwane, 1986:13).
Nasibuka emagama emakhosi aKaZulu kuyabonakala kutsi vele acoca tindzaba njengobe ashilo Ngcongwane ngenhla.  Uma sibuka ligama leNkhosi Shaka, watalwa unina Nandi asengakendzi ngalokusemtsetfweni manje kwasekuhlonishwa unina kutsiwa uphetfwe sifo sesisu lekutsiwa ishaka kwentelwa kutsi kungatsiwa sewutetfwele asesekhaya.  Lasuka lapho-ke leligama laShaka.  Lokunye lokushiwoko ngaleligama asinabufakazi bako.  Ligama leNkhosi Dingane liyatichaza ngekwalo ngekutsi wandzindza imphilo yakhe yonkhe.  Kwaba yindida kutfolakala kwelithuna lakhe.  Inkhosi Mpande lekusho imphandze vele wabayimphandze kulolusendvo lwebukhosi baKaZulu.  Ingani phela banakabo boShaka naDingane lekumadvodzane eNkhosi Senzangakhona, amange batfole bantfwana labatawutsatsa bukhosi emva kwabo. Manje kulandzelana kwemakhosi aKaZulu besekusenkingeni yekutsi kuchekeke kepha Mpande wabubuyisa ngemadvodzana akhe lamabili, lekunguMbuyazi naCetshwayo.  Besekukhoneka nyalo kutsi Cetshwayo kaMpande kaSenzangakhona, njalonjalo.  Emagama aShaka naDingane akafakwa kulokutalana ngobe bona amange bahloniphe lokutalana kwaboyisemkhulu.  
Uma sikhuluma ngeligama laMbuyaze lisho kubuya ungakatfoli lutfo.  Vele wabuya nendvuku yembangandlala emphini yaseNdondakusuka.  Ligama laCetshwayo linendzaba lemangalisako ngobe lichaza kucetjwa noma locetjwako.  Vele kungatfobeli kwakhe umtsetfo wemaNgisi kanye nesento saSihayo kwabenta bamceba kumaNgisi lekwabangela kusuka kwemphi yaseSandlwane.  Uma sitsatsa ligama leNkhosi Dinizulu, kuyabonakala kutsi sive semaZulu besesikhatsele timphi.  Phela vele leligama lisukela esentweni lesisho kudzinwa.  Indvodzana yakhe kwaba nguMaphumuzane.  Ligama laMaphumuzane lisho kona kutsi besesidzinga kuphunyutwa sive semaZulu kuletimphi letaliwa bobabemkhulu waso.  Ngesikhatsi sayo lenkhosi kwaba nekuthula esiveni semaZulu.  Akumange kube liphutsa kutsi inkhosana yakhe kube nguBhekuzulu, lekusho kutsi kabuke emaZulu.  Ngisho neSilo lesibusako nyalo naso asimange sihluke kulendlela yemagama abokhokho baso.  Ingani kutsiwa nguZwelithini lekuchaza kutsi live litsini.  Phela bacishe bacitseka bugayiwe emkhatsini webalandzeli be-Inkatha Freedom Party kanye ne-African National Congress ngeminyaka yabo-1980 nasekucaleni kwabo-1990.  Silo siluphawu lwekuhlanganisa bantfu bayo nakunekucabana lokufute loku. 
Ngelishwa besisika lelijikako kulamagama emakhosi aKaZulu lekunelitsemba lekutsi kutawenteka luchutjelwe embili lucwaningo lwaloluhlobo.  Phela emagama esintfu ayasita ekutalweni kabusha kwelivekati letfu le-Afrika ngobe enta bantfu bative banesitfunti futsi banebubona lobesebutsandza kufadalala ngenca yemfundziso lembi yebatfumbi betingcondvo tebantfu bemdzabu lesolomane bafakwa ehlatsini lelimnyama.
