Tilwimi
SiSwati
Lulwimi Lwasekhaya
LITIKO LETEMFUNDVO
Litiko leTemfundvo
Lombhalo ufanele ufundvwe njengencenye
YesiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe semaBanga R-9 (Tikolo).
SiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe seliBanga R-9 sifaka ekhatsi loku:
Sibutsetelo Jikelele
TiTatimende tetiNkhundla tekuFundza Letisiphohlongo Tilwimi IMetametiki ISayensi yeTemvelo IThekinoloji ISayensi yeTenhlalo Tebuciko neMasiko Tekuphila TeSayensi yeTemnotfo neKuphatsa
SATISO KUBAFUNDZI
Litiko leTemfundvo liyatigcabha kwetfula lesiTatimende seKharikhulamu lesiBuketiwe saVelonkhe emaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) ngatotonkhe tilwimi letili-11 letisemtsetfweni eNingizimu Afrika.
Lomshikashika wekuveshina nekuhumusha umetima futsi unenchabhayi. Etikhatsini letinyenti itheminoloji nemishwana leyakhiwako yalekharikhulamu bekumele yakhiwe bantfu labasebentana nalemibhalo. Lemibhalo yayiswa etikolweni kanye nakubochwepheshe balendzima.
Litiko leTemfundvo libona lemibhalo njengesicalo semshikashika wekucinisa nekwandzisa tilwimi tetfu. Siyamukela futsi siyagcugcutela bantfu bakulendzima kusebentisa lemibhalo njengesisekelo sekutfutfukisela embili.
KUSETJENTISWA KWALENCWADZI
Kutfola iminingwane lecuketse konkhe buka:
Kungeniswa kwesiTatimende seKharikhuramu saVelonkhe seHluko 1 - Loku kutawuniketa lwati ngeMfundvo leMiselwe emaKhono, siTatimende seKharikhulamu lesiBuketiwe semaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) kanye netiNkhundla tekuFundza.
Kungeniswa kweNkhundla yekuFundza seHluko 1 - Loku kutawuniketa singeniso kusiTatimendeseNkhundla yekuFundza lekufaka timphawu, lokufundvwako kanye nemiPhumela yekuFundza.
KuHlolwa kwemFundzi - Lesehluko siniketa imigomo yekwenta kuhlolwa kuMfundvo leMiselweemaKhono, kuchaze kuhlola lokuchubekako kuniketwe netibonelo tekugcinwa kwemalikodi.
Luhlu Lwekutsatsisela luniketa ikharikhulamu lesabalele kanye nemaGama lasetjentiswa ekuhloleni kanye nemagama lasetjentiswa etiNkhundleni tekuFundza.
Umtimba walencwadzi wehlukaniswe tehluko letehlukene. Kunesehluko ngasinye setiGaba semKhakha weMfundvo nekuCecesha Jikelele - siGaba saboKhewane, siGaba lesiseKhatsi, siGaba lesiPhakeme. Nguleso naleso sehluko sinencenye yesingeniso lesifishane lesilandzelwa ngemaCophelo ekuHlola etiGaba. Kunesehluko sekuHlolwa kweMfundzi.
EmaCophelo ekuHlola esiGaba ngasinye avetwe ngendlela leyente kube lula kubona inchubekela embili. Kusho kutsi emaCophelo ekuHlola lafanako elibanga nelibanga ayalandzelaniswa nalamanye kute thishela akwati kucatsanisa inchubekela embili ngekuhamba kweminyaka. Loku kwenta kube netikhala ngobe akusho kutsi onkhe emaCophelo ekuHlola analahambelana nawo kuto tonkhe tigaba.
Letinye timphawu tiyasetjentiswa kulo lonkhe lelibhuku kusita umfundzi ekutfoleni lwati lalufunako. Letimphawu nguleti:
EmaCophelo ekuHlola
LiBanga
ImiPhumela yekuFundza
KUNGENISWA KWESITATIMENDE SEKHARIKHULAMU SAVELONKHE 1
ImFundvo leMiselwe emaKhono 1
SiTatimende LesiBuketiwe SeKharikhulamu SaVelonkhe: SiTatimende setiNkhundla YekuFundza 2
SiTatimende LesiBuketiwe SeKharikhulamu SaVelonkhe :tiNkhundla tekuFundza 3
KUNGENISWA KWESITATIMENDE SENKHUNDLA YETILWIMI: SISWATI 4
Inchazelo 4
Inchubo lengetiwe yebulwimilwimi 4
Lulwimi lwekufundza nekufundzisa 5
Inhloso 6
Timphawu Telikhetselo Nalokufundvwako 6
Tilwimi: kuhlanganisa lwati, emakhono nemagugu 6
SEHLUKO 2: SIGABA SABOKHEWANE (EMABANGA R-3) 10
SINGENISO 10
Lokugcilwe kuko 10
Kutfutfukiswa kwelwati: yindlela lechubekako 10
Indlela lesimeme yekutfutfukisa kwati kufundza 10
Kwakhiwa kwelwati 11
Indlela legcugcutelako 11
Kuhlanganisa imiPhumela yekuFundza 11
IMIPHUMELA 12
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela 12
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma 12
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya 12
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala 12
UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma 13
UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa 13
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO LIBANGA R 14
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako 14
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela 15
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma 16
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya 17
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala 19 UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma 20 UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa 21
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO EMABANGA 1-3 22
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako 22 UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela 26 UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma 30 UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya 34 UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala 42 UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma 48 UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa 52
SEHLUKO 3: SIGABA LESISEMKHATSINI (EMABANGA 4-6) 57
SINGENISO 57
Lokugcilwe kuko 57 Imibhalo lenhlobonhlobo 57 Tinhlelo tekufundza letiyinhlanganisela 57 Lokucuketfwe lokubanti kuphindze kunhlobonhlobo 58
IMIPHUMELA YEKUFUNDZA 59
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela 59 UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma 59 UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya 59 UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala 59 UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma 59 UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa 60
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO 61
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako 61 UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela 66 UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma 70 UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya 74 UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala 82 UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma 88 UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa 92
SEHLUKO 4: LIBANGA LELIPHAKEME (EmaBanga 7 - 9)
SINGENISO 97
Lokugcilwe kuko 97
IMIPHUMELA 98
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela 98 UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma 98 UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya 98 UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala 98 UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma 98 UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa 99
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO 100
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako 100 UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela 102 UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma 106 UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya 110 UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala 122 UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma 132 UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa 138
SEHLUKO 5: KUHLOLWA KWEMFUNDZI 145
SINGENISO 145
IMIGOMO YEKUHLOLA 146Inchazelo 146
Timphawu letimgogodla ekuhloleni 146Tinjongo teluhlolo 146
LUHLOLO LOLUCHUBEKAKO 147
Timphawu teLuhlolo loluChubekako 147 Tindlela tekuhlola 148 Imisebenti letayelekile yekuhlola 148
KULAWULA KUHLOLA 148
Bantfu labatsintsekako ekuhloleni 148 Luhlelo lwekuhlola lwesikolo 149
KUGCINWA KWEMALIKHODI 149
Emabhuku emaLikhodi 149 Emakhodi Lasetjentiselwa kuhlola 150 Emakhodi avelonkhe 151 Emashejuli ekuchubeka kwemsebenti 151 Sitfombe jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi 151
IMIBIKO 152
Imininingwane lekumele ifakwe emibikweni 152Emakhadi emibiko 153
LUHLU LWESITSATSISELO
LUHLU LWEMAGAMA EKHARIKHULAMU NELUHLOLO 154EMAGAMA LASETJENTISWA ENKHUNDLENI YEKUFUNDZA: TILWIMI 156
SEHLUKO 1
SINGENISO
KUNGENISWA KWESITATIMENDE SEKHARIKHULAMU SAVELONKHE
UMtsetfosisekelo weNingizimu Afrika wanga-1996 (UMtsetfo 108 wanga- 1996) uphawula ngesisekelo sengucuko nentfutfuko eNingizimu Afrika lesikuyo. Lesendvulelo seMtsetfosisekelo sibeka kutsi injongo yeMtsetfosisekelo kwenta loku:
kuvala luchekeko lwaphambilini kanye nekusungula umphakatsi ngekwemagugu entsandvo yelinyenti, kwebulungiswa kutenhlalo kanye nemalungelo eluntfu lasisekelo;
kwenta ncono imphilo yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe emakhono langafinyelela kuwo umuntfu ngamunye;
kwendlala tisekelo tentsandvo yelinyenti netemphakatsi lovulekile, lokutinte kuwo hulumende losekelwe yintsandvo yelinyenti nesakhamuti ngasinye lesivikelwa ngumtsetfo ngekulingana;
kwakha iNingizimu Afrika lenentsandvo yelinyenti iphindze ibumbane, ikwati kutsatsa sigaba sayo lesifanele njengelive lelitimele emndenini wemave.
Imfundvo nekharikhulamu inelichaza lelibambako ekufezeni letinhloso. Lekharikhulamu ihlose kutfutfukisa emakhono emfundzi ngamunye ngalokugcwele.
ImFundvo leMiselwe emaKhono
IMfundvo leMiselwe emaKhono isisekelo sekharikhulamu eNingizimu Afrika. Itama kwenta bonkhe bafundzi bazuze emakhono abo ngalokwanele. Loku kwenteka ngekubeka imiphumela lekumele izuzwe ekugcineni kwa-lenchubo. Lemiphumela igcugcutela imfundvo letinte kumfundzi nenchubo letinte emisebentini labayentako. SiTatimende lesiBuketiwe seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe sakha imiphumela yekufundza yemkhakha weMfundvo nekuCecesha Jikelele emaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) kumiphumela jikelele naletfutfukisako leyasuselwa kuMtsetfisisekelo yabuye yatfutfukiswa ngenchubo yentsandvo yelinyenti.
Imiphumela jikelele ihlose kwenta bafundzi bakhone kwenta loku:
kutfola baphindze basombulule tinkinga kanye netincumo ngekusebentisa kucabanga lokujulile nalokunekucamba;
kusebenta ngemphumelelo nalabanye ecenjini, kulidlanzana, enhlanganweni kanye nakumphakatsi;
kutihlela baphindze balawule labakwentako ngekutfobela tibopho ngalokufanele kanye nangemphumelelo;
kugcogca, kuhlatiya, kuhlela kanye nekuvivinya lwati ngalokujulile;
kuchumana ngemphumelelo basebentise emakhono ekubuka, etimphawu newelulwimi etimeni letehlukene;
kusebentisa iSayensi kanye neThekinoloji ngalokuyimphumelelo nangekuhlatiya;
kukhombisa kwenta lokufanele emmangweni lohlala kuwo kanye nasemphilweni yalabanye;
kukhombisa kuvisisa kutsi umhlaba uligcogco letinhlelo letihlobene ngekubona kutsi timo tekusombulula tin-kinga atiphili titodvwa.
Imiphumela letfutfukisako yona ihlose bafundzi labati loku:
kuveta kanye nekugcamisa emasu lahlukene kute bafundze ngemphumelelo;
kufaka sandla njengetakhamuti letenta lokufanele emmangweni wendzawo, wakuvelonkhe newemave emhlaba jikelele;
kuba neluvelo kutemasiko kanye nekutsandza buhle kuwo wonkhe umgamu wetimo tenhlalo;
kubheka ematfuba emfundvo kanye newemsebenti; kanye nalokutfutfukisa ematfuba ebuhwebi.
Tindzaba letifana nebuphuya, kungalingani, buve, bulili, budzala nebuncane, kukhubateka kanye netinselele letifana neHIV/AIDS. Konkhe kunemtselela ezingeni nangendlela bafundzi lebakwati kutibandzakanya ngayo ekufundzeni.
SiTatimende seKharikhulamu lesiBuketiwe saVelonkhe semaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) sisebentisa indlela yekubutsela ndzawonye ngekutsi sibeke kucace buncane lobusidzingo kubo bonkhe bafundzi. SiTatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza sitama nje kwakha kucaphelelisisa budlelwane emkhatsini webulungiswa betenhlalo, emalungelo eluntfu, indzawo lenemphilo kanye nekufaka wonkhe umuntfu. Bafundzi bayagcugcutelwa kutfutfukisa lwati lwekuvisisa kunotsa kwekwehlukana kwalelive, lekufaka emasiko, tenkholo tincenye tebuve kwalokuhlukana.
SiTatimende LesiBuketiwe SeKharikhulamu SaVelonkhe: SiTatimende setiNkhundla YekuFundza
SiTatimende lesiBuketiwe seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe semaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) sinesiButsetelo Jikelele kanye netiTatimende tetiNkhundla tekuFundza letisiphohlongo:
Tilwimi;
IMetametiki;
ISayensi yeTemvelo;
IThekinoloji;
ISayensi yeTeNhlalo;
TeBuciko neMasiko;
TeSayensi yeTemnotfo nekuPhatsa.
Nguleso nalesosiTatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza sikhombisa imiPhumela yekuFundza lemcoka lekumele kutsi izuzwe ekupheleni kwelibanga lesi-9. Nguleso nalesosiTatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza sibuye futsi sibalule emaCophelo ekuHlola latawenta kutsi lemiPhumela yekuFundza izuzwe. EmaCophelo ekuHlola ayac-hazwa kulelo nalelo banga kubuywe kuchazwe bungako balokumele bafundzi bakwati futsi bakwati nekukwenta. Ngulawo nalawomaCophelo ekuHlola esiTatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza akhombisa kutsi umcondvo nemakhono kutfutfuka njani ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi. Kuzuzwa kwebudlelwane lobanele emkhatsini wetiNkhundla tekuFundza letehlukene (lakufanele khona nalapho kuvumelana nemfundvo khona), umcondvo nekuchubekela embili kulibanga ngelibanga kubalulekile kulekharikhulamu.
SiTatimende lesiBuketiwe seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe: tiNkhundla TekuFundza
SiTatimende lesiBuketiwe seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe sihlose ekuphakamiseni kutimisela kanye nekwati kahle kubothishela lekutawuba ngibo lababandzakanyako ekutfutfukiseni tiNhlelo tekuFundza tabo. Kute kwesekwelwe lenchubo, Litiko LeTemfundvo litawuniketa inchubomgomo yekwenta lemiselwe kusiTatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza ngayinye. TiFundza titawakha leminye imigomo lakufanele khona kute kwenetiswe kwehlukana.
Imigomonchanti nemagugu kulesiTatimende lesiBuketiwe seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe sesiTatimende setiNkhundla tekuFundza ngiko lokuphetse tiNhlelo tekuFundza. Nanobe tiNkhundla tekuFundza tibala imicondvo, emakhono nemagugu lekumele azuzwe ngekwelibanga ngelibanga, tiNhlelo tekuFundza tibalula bubanti bekufundza nemacophelo alokwentekako kulowo mkhakha. TiNhlelo tekuFundza tibuye ticukatse emashejula emsebenti loniketa sivinini nekulandzelana kwemisebenti ngalowo mnyaka kanye futsi netibonelo tetinhlelo tetifundvo lekumele tingeniswe nobe ngasiphi sikhatsi.
TiNhlelo tekuFundza tesiGaba saboKhewana tintsatfu nguleti: Kukwati kutibhalela nekufundza, Tibalo neMakhono ekuPhila. TiNhlelo tekuFundza tesiGaba lesisemKhatsini: Tilwimi neTibalo titawuhlala titinhlelo letitimele. TiNhlelo tekuFundza kumele tente siciniseko sekutsi lemiphumela lebekiwe kuleyo nkhundla yekufundza yentiwa yacondza ngalokungiko. Tikolo tingakhetsa ngelinani kanye nebunjalo baletinye tiNhlelo tekuFundza bekweyamisa tikwekuhleleka kwesikolo, uma nje kubaluleka kwavelonkhe kanye nekutfutfukiswa kwetidzingo temfundzi kuleso sigaba kunakekelwa. TiNhlelo tekuFundza tesiGaba lesiPhakeme tisiphohlongo letitsatselwe etiNkhundleni tekuFundza. Kwabelwa kwesikhatsi kuleyo naleyoNkhundla yekuFundza kuyabekwa kuwo onkhe emaBanga nemiKhakha.
Kwabelwa kwesiKhatsi
Kwabelwa kwesikhatsi kungemaphesenti ema-awa latawuniketwa kufundzisa lokuhlelekile. Kulelo naleloviki lekufundza bothishela basesikolweni ema-awa langu-35; ema-awa ekuhlangana nebafundzi (kufundzisa lokuhlelekile) kutawuhluka emabangeni lahlukene. EsiGabeni saboKhewane, kumele kube nema-awa ekuh-langana nebafundzi langu-22 nemaminitsi langu-30 lekusikhatsi sekufundzisa emaBangeni 1 na 2, bese kuba nema-awa langu-25 ekufundzisa eBangeni 3. EsiGabeni lesiseKhatsi, kutawuba nema-awa langu-26 nemaminit-si langu-30 ekufundzisa. EsiGabeni lesiPhakeme, liBanga 7 litawuba nema-awa langu-25 nemaminitsi langu-30 bese emaBanga 8 na 9 abe nema-awa langu-30 ekufundzisa.
Kuhlola
Nguleso nalesosiTatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza sifaka incenye letse caca ngekuhlola. Luhlaka lwemfundvo lemiselwe emakhono lusebentisa tindlela temacophelo letikwati kwamukela timo tetingcikitsi letehlukene. Kuhlola kumele kunikete tinkhomba talokuzuzwe ngumfundzi ngendlela lekahle naleyenteka ngendlela lengiyo kucinisekisa kutsi bafundzi bahlanganisa babuye basebentise emakhono. Kuhlola kumele kusite bafundzi kwen-ta tincumo ngekusebenta kwabo, babeke tinjongo tekuchubekela embili nekutsintsa kufundza ngalokuchubekako.
LuHlobo lweMfundzisi loHlosiwe
Bonkhe bafundzisi nalabanye bothishela banelichaza lelibalulekile lekumele balibambe ekuguculeni imfundvo eNingizimu Afrika. SiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe semaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) sihlose bothishela labaceceshiwe, labanemakhono, labatinikele nalabanakekelako. Batakwati kwenelisa imisebenti kumiTsetfo nemaCophelo ebaFundzisi. Loku kubona bothishela njengebachumanisi bekufundza, bahumushi nebakhi betiNhlelo tekuFundza nalokufundvwako, baholi, baphatsi, tifundziswa, bacubunguli nalabafundzela imfundvo yemphilo yonkhe, emalunga emphakatsi, takhamiti, nebafundisi, bahloli kanye nabochwephesha betinkhundla/tigaba tekufundza.
LuHlobo lweMfundzi loHlosiwe
Kugcugcutelwa kwemagugu emphilo kubaluleke kabi, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa buyena bakhe umuntfu kepha ngobe kutawuletsa siciniseko sekutsi kube khona kutati ngekwebuve beNingizimu Afrika, kantsi bususel-wa kumagugu lahluke kabi kulawo labekasekela imfundvo yelubandlululo. Luhlobo lwemfundzi lohlosiwe ngu-lolo lolutawube lufuntwe emagugu ekuphila angena emitsanjeni yakhe lotawenta tintfo ngalokutfokotisako emmangweni lokusekelwe kuhlonipha intsandvo yelinyenti, kulingana, sitfunti sebuntfu, imphilo kanye nebu-lungiswa bekuhlalisana.
KUNGENISWA KWESITATIMENDE SENKHUNDLA YETILWIMI: SISWATI
Inchazelo
Inkhundla yekufundza yetilwimi ifaka ekhatsi:
Eveni lelibulwimilwimi lelifana neNingizimu Afrika kubalulekile kutsi umfundzi afinyelele emacophelweni lase-tulu lokungenani ngetilwimi letimbili futsi akwati kukhuluma ngalolunye lulwimi.
Inchubo lengetiwe yebulwimilwimi
LeNkhundla yekuFundza tiLwimi ilandzela umgomo welulwimi nemfundvo yeLitiko LeTemfundvo. Lomgomo uniketa iMikhandlu Lelawulako etikolweni umsebenti wekukhetsa umgomo welulwimi esikolweni lowutawuhambelana netidzingo tabo kepha ube futsi uvumelana nemgomo longetiwe webulwimilwimi. Lesitatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza yeTilwimi iniketa ikharikhulamu lesekela nobe ngabe ngusiphi sincumo lesitsatfwe sikolo. Ilandzela indlela lengetiwe yebulwimilwimi:
Bonkhe bafundzi batfola litfuba lekufundza tilwimi tabo tasekhaya nalokungenani lunye lolungetiwe lolusemtsetfweni.
Bafundzi batalwati kahle lulwimi lolunye kepha lube lulwimi lwasekhaya lugcinekile futsi lutfutfukiswa.
Bonkhe bafundzi batawufundza lulwimi lweMdzabu lokungenani iminyaka lesitfupha ekupheleni kwemkhakha weGET. Kuletinye timo, lungafundvwa njengelulwimi lesibili lolungetiwe.
Lulwimi lwasekhaya, lulwimi lwekucala nelwesibili lolungetiwe kufundziswa ngetindlela letehlukene:
EmaCophelo ekuFundza elulwimi lwasekhaya atsatsa ngekutsi umfundzi ufika esikolweni akwati kuva nekukhuluma lolulwimi. Asekela kutfutfukiswa kwalolwati, ikakhulu etinhlotjeni letehlukene tekwati kufundza, kubhala, lokubonwako kanye nekwati kabanti. Aniketa ikharikhulamu lecinile lesekela lulwimi lwekufundza nekufundzisa (LOLT).
Lulwimi lwekucala lolwengetiwe alutsatsi ngekutsi umfundzi usuke analo lwati lwalolulwimi nakafika esikolweni. Lekharikhulamu icala ngekutfutfukisa likhono lemfundzi lekuva nekukhuluma lolulwimi. Kulesisekelo, kwakhiwa kwati. Umfundzi uyakwati kudlulisela lolwati labalutfole elwimini lwasekhaya elwimini lwabo lwekucala lolwengetiwe. Ikharikhulamu iniketa kwesekela lokwenele kulabo bafundzi labatawusebentisa lulwimi lwekucala lolwengetiwe njengeLOLT nabasafundza emkhakheni weGET. Ekupheleni kweliBanga 9, labo bafundzi kumele bakwati kusebentisa lulwimi lwabo lwasekhaya kanye nalolu lwekucala lolwengetiwe ngalokungiko nangekutetsemba etinhlosweni letehlukene lekufaka nekufundza.
Lulwimi lwesibili lolwengetiwe lwentelwe bafundzi labafuna kufundza tilwimi letintsatfu. Lolulwimi lwesitsatfu lungaba lulwimi lolusemtsetfweni nobe lulwimi lwakulelinye live. Emacophelo ekufundza enta siciniseko sekutsi umfundzi uyakwati kusebentisa lulwimi etinhlosweni tekuchumaneni jikelele. Kutsatfwa ngekutsi sikhatsi lesincane lesitawuniketwa ekufundzeni lulwimi lwesibili lolwengetiwe kunelulwimi lwasekhaya nelulwimi lwekucala lolwengetiwe.
Lenkhundla yekuFundza tiLwimi ifaka tonkhe tilwimi letingu 11 letisemtsetfweni:
Njengetilwimi tasekhaya;
Ngetilwimi tekucala letengetiwe;
Njengetilwimi tesibili letengetiwe.
Lulwimi lwekufundza nekufundzisa
Kuphakanyiswa kutsi tilwimi tasekhaya kufanele kutanywe kufundvwe kuphindze kufundziswe ngato ngalokuse-mandleni. Loku kubaluleke kakhulukati esigabeni saboKhewane lapho bafundza khona kufundza nekubhala.
Lapho bafundzi kufanele bente ingucuko basuka etilwimi tabo tasekhaya baya kuleto letengetiwe ngesizatfu sekufundza nekufundzisa, kufanele kuhlelwe ngekucophelela:
Lulwimi lolwengetiwe lufanele kutsi lusheshe lucalwe kufundziswa eBangeni 1.
Lulwimi lwasekhaya nalo lolu lolwengetiwe kufanele tichubeke tifundziswe.
Lapho bafundzi bangena khona esikoleni lapho lulwimi lwekufundza nekufundzisa lululwimi lolungasulo lwemfundzi, bothishela nesikolo kumele bente taba tekusita futsi bamfundzise lolo lwimi ngesikhatsi lesen-getiwe kudzimate kube nguleso sikhatsi lapho umfundzi akwati khona kufundza ngalokungiko kuLOLT.
Inhloso
Lulwimi likuphila kwetfu. Sichumana sati umhlaba wetfu ngelulwimi. Ngako-ke lulwimi lwakha butsine nel-wati lwetfu.
Lulwimi lwenta imisebenti leminingi lemumetfwe Sitatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza Tilwimi. Ngunati letilandzelako:
Lokucondzene nemfundzi ngco - kugcina budlelwane lobucinile emndenini nasemmangweni; kutati buyena, kutitfutfukisa nekutijabulisa.
Luchumano - kute akwati kuchumana ngalokufanele nangemphumelelo etimeni letehlukene tenhlalo.
Ngekwemfundvo - kutfutfukisa emakhono ekucabanga nekunoma, nekuvula ematfuba etindlela tekutfola lwati.
Ngebuhle - Kukhutsata kutsi umfundzi abe nelutsandvo lwekutakhela nekuticambela imisebenti yetemibhalo netemlomo.
Imisimeto - kujabulela tindlela emasiko lachutjwa ngayo nalafundziswa ngayo, ngekusebentisa lulwimi.
Tembangave - kufakazela nobe kubanga emandla; kudvonsa labanye ubadvonsele embonweni lotsite; kubeka labanye etikhundleni nekutfutfukisa ugcine bubona.
Kubuka ngco - kwati budlelwane emkhatsini welulwimi, emandla nebuwena nekuphikisa kusetjentiswa kwaloku lakufanele khona; kwati kugucugucuka kwemasiko; kuphikisana lakufanele khona nekudvonselwa embonweni lotsite nasekubekweni endzaweni letsite.
Timphawu Telikhetselo Nalokufundvwako
Inkhundla yekuFundza Tilwimi inaliphi ligalelo kukharikhulamu?
Kutfutfukisa lizinga lekufundza nekubhala, sisekelo lesimcoka selwati.
Lolulwimi lukwati kufundzisa letinye tifundvo letiseluhlelweni lwetifundvo, letifana netibalo nesayensi yete-live nendzawo.
Kugcugcutela lwati nekuvisisa ngemasiko, kuva leminye imibono nekwati kabanti ngemcondvo wemasiko.
Kugcugcutela kwemukela kusebentisana kwemasiko, kubamba lichaza kuleminye imibono yemhlaba jikelele nekuvisisa ngalokujulile umnyombo webunjalo bemasiko.
Kuvuselela kucabanga nekuticambela bese kutfutfukisa tinjongo letinyenti tebuciko nemasiko.
Kuniketa tindlela tekuhambisa lwati nekutfutfukisa tinjongo letinyenti tesayensi bucwepheshe kanye nem-fundvo yetemvelo.
Kutfutfukisa emakhono ladzingekile kute babe takhamuti letemukelekile emphakatsini wentsandvo yelinyenti.
Tilwimi: kuhlanganisa lwati, emakhono nemagugu
Isitfupha ImiPhumela yekuFundza lebalulekile letfolakala ekufundzisweni kwelulwimi lwasekhaya, lwekucala lolwengetiwe nelwesibili lolwengetiwe:
Lemine yekucala iphatselene nemakhono lehlukene elulwimi.
Lowesihlanu uphatselene nekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi kufeza tinhloso tekucabanga nekunoma.
Umphumela wesitfupha utsintsa lwati lwelulwimi mbamba - imisindvo, emagama neluhlelo - emibhalweni. Lolwati lusetjentiswa emakhonweni elulwimi lachazwe kuleminye imiphumela.
Lemiphumela ibhalelwe kugcizelela tinhlobo letitsite telwati nemakhono, icace futsi kube lula kubona imphumelelo yayo. Uma kusetjentiswa lulwimi, lwati, emakhono nalokungemagugu kuyacubana kunikete umcondvo lovakalako. Ngako-ke umgomo losemcoka weSitatimende seNkhundla yekufundza kuhlanganiswa kwaletigaba telulwimi ngekutakhela nekuhumusha imibhalo.
IMIPHUMELA YEKUFUNDZA
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela
Umfundzi utawulalela ngenjongo yekutfola lwati nekulutfokotela, akwati kuphawula ngalokujulile nangalokungiko etimeni letehlukene.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi lolukhulunywako ngekutetsemba nangemphumelelo etimeni letiningi.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza neKwehlwaya
Umfundzi utawufundza/abuke atfole lwati, aluhlatiye, atitfokotise, aphawule ngalokujulile.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala
Umfundzi utakwati kubhala tinhlobo letinyenti temibhalo leliciniso nalayisusela enhloko etizat-fwini letehlukahlukene.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga neKunoma
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, ekutfoleni nasekuhlelembiseni lwati, alusebentise ekufundzeni.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Luhlelo Lwelulwimi neKusetjentiswa
Umfundzi uyakwati futsi uyakhona kusebentisa imisindvo, emagama neluhlelo lwelulwimi kwakha nekuhumusha imibhalo.
Kuhlanganisa imiphumela
Kufundza nekubuka, kulalela nekukhuluma, kubhala, kucabanga nekunoma kanye nelwati lwemisindvo, emagama neluhlelo, nanobe kubekwe kwaba imiphumela lehlukene, kumele kuhlanganiswe nakufundziswa nekuhlola kutfolwa nelwati.
Sibonelo: Bafundzi:
Kulalela luhlobo lolutsite lwembhalo (sibonelo: kuchaza inchubo njengekumba igolide nekumaka emaphepha);
Kufundza nekuhlatiya timphawu letibalulekile taleminye imibhalo yeluhlobo lolufanako (sibonelo: kusetjentiswa kwesikhatsi sanyalo, kusetjentiswa kwemagama lahlanganisako fana na 'kucala', 'landzelako', 'futsi');
Kuhlela nekucamba umbhalo lomusha weluhlobo lolufanako.
Kusungula nekuhumusha imibhalo
Kute akwati kusungula nekuhumusha imibhalo, bafundzi badzinga lwati ngetilwimi, lwati ngemibhalo kanye nemakhono nemasu ngetilwimi.
Imibhalo ingaba:
Lekhulunywako, sib: inkhulumo;
Lebhalwako, sib: incwadzi;
Inhlanganisela yalokubhaliwe nalokubonwako, sib: kukhangisa;
Temisakato lehlukene, sib: kukhangisa ngethelevishini.
Lwati ngetilwimi nemibhalo kufaka ekhatsi lwati ngaloku:
simo - lokusho kutsi inhloso, sihloko, balaleli kanye netibukeli;
sakhiwo sembhalo - njengenkondlo noma sikhangiso;
lwati lwelulwimi ngekwetenhlalo nemigomo yemmango: sib: indlela yekubingelela ngetilwimi letehlukene;
luhlelo, imisindvo nesilulumagama selulwimi;
kubhala nekupelwa kwemagama emibhalweni lebhaliwe;
imifanekiso micondvo nesimo semibhalo lebukwako..
Kuhlanganisa kufundvwa kwelulwimi: emagugu
Imibhalo icukatsa emagugu lekungabangiwo layinhloso yemibhalo leminingi. Lamagugu akabonakali lula ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Bafundzi kumele bakwati futsi bahlatiye emagugu lakhona emibhalweni labayifundzako nalabayibukako nemibhalo labatentela yona bona.
Uma bahlatiya babuta kutsi emagugu abekwa njani nakukhulunywa, kuboniswa noma kubhalwa imibhalo, umfundzi :
batawufundza kutsi imibhalo iyitsatsa njani imibono yebantfu netehlakalo;
batawakha ngalokujulile emakhono abo ekuhlola futsi uma kudzingekile kwala lemibono nemagugu lahlobene nayo;
batawufundza futsi basho lokuhle ngemagugu emibhalweni labatakhele yona ngekunonga ngemaphuzu lakhako njengekubeketelelana, luvelo, bumnandzi, kutitfokotisa, buhle bemahlaya kanye nekutfukutsela.
Kuhlanganisa kufundvwa kwelulwimi: tingcikitsi
Kufundvwa kwelulwimi kungahlanganiswa ngetingcikitsi. Kusetjentiswa kwengcikitsi kunika umfundzi ematfuba ekwakha silulumagama lesihambisana nesihloko.
Uma ngabe ingcikitsi netihloko kukhetfwe ngekucophelela ivuselela lutsandvo lwemfundzi. Kutfola loku kumele utame:
kutsi kutfolakale kukhetfwa kahle kwetihloko nemagugu lajabulisa bafana nemantfombatane, bafundzi bemakhaya nasemadolobheni - netingcikitsi letihlanganisa umfundzi ngekwehlukana kwato;
kukhetsa tihloko letifanele tihambisane nesimomphilo senhlalo yebafundzi kanye nalokungetulu kwaloko lesebavele bakwati ngaphambilini. Sibonelo: bangafundza ngemihambo nemasiko aletinye tive;
kukhetsa tingcikitsi netihloko letitawuhambelana nemiphumela jikelele. Sibonelo: umfundzi kufanele atimbandzakanye ngetindzaba letibalulekile temalungelo eluntfu netendzawo, lekufana nebuphuya, iHIV/AIDS, emalungelo emhlaba, nekusetjentiswa kwemanti.
Emalungelo eluntfu nebulungiswa bendzawo lahlala kuyo
Tilwimi ngemathuluzi labalulekile ekuphumeleliseni emalungelo eluntfu kanye nebulungiswa betemvelo. NgemaCophelo ekuHlola alo, sitatimende senkhundla yekufundza sifuna kutfutfukisa lelithuluzi ngalokwenele. Bafundzi kumele babe nekutetsemba ekubeni bakhulumi betilwimilwimi labanemathuluzi laneliso lelibukhali kufundza live labakulo nemibhalo lekhulunywa ibhalwe ngalo. Kumele bakwati kuhlatiya lemibhalo bayibhale kabusha ngetindlela letitawenta kwandze ematfuba lahlobene nemalungelo eluntfu kanye nebulungiswa betendzawo.
SEHLUKO 2SIGABA SABOKHEWANE(EMABANGA R-3)
SINGENISO
Bonkhe bafundzi bafika esikolweni banelwati lolubanti ngelulwimi lwabo lwasekhaya. Batfutfukisa loku ngekuhlangana nalabanye ngekwehlukana ekhaya engcikitsini yekunakekelwa, kukhuliswa nekudlala. Njengoba imphilo yasekhaya ihlukile nelwati bantfwana labefika nalo esikolweni lwehlukile. Nanobe kunjalo lwati labeta nalo emakhaya lungasetjentiswa ekutfutfukiseni lwati lwabo lwelulwimi. Loku kuphatselene nekut-futfukiswa kwebafundzi, kuhlangana nalabanye bafundzi, ematfuba ekufundza nemmango jikelele. Kulesigaba lesilandzelako, sicacisa ngalamafishane:
lwati lanalo umfundzi;
tindzawosimo tekufundza;
imigomo netindlela letesekele lekharikhulamu.
Lokugcilwe kuko
Bafundzi nabemukelwa ebangeni labokhewane basuke banelwati lolunengi labalutfole ngekulalela, kantsi futsi bayakwati kukhuluma kahle ngekutetsemba emazingeni lehlukene. Bakhuliswe ngemasiko nemihambo yase-makhaya akubo loku angeke kwehlukaniswa nelwati lwelulwimi lwabo. Endlini yekufundzela kufanele kube ngulapho bajabula (babungata) khona, bahloniphe baphindze bangete lwati lwaloko labachamuka nako emakhaya.
Kutfutfukiswa kwelwati: yindlela lechubekako
Umgomo lolawula kufundza nekufundzisa kwati kulekharikhulamu kutsi lulwimi luyinchubo lehamba kancane itfutfuka. Emaphutsa ayincenye yendzabuko kuleyo ndlela futsi lulwimi lwemfundzi nakalekelelwa lutawuba ncono kakhulu njengobe banawo onkhe ematfuba ekusebentisa batfutfukise emakhono abo elulwimi.
Indlela lesimeme yekutfutfukisa kwati kufundza
Kuloluhlelo lwetifundvo kusetjentiswa inchubo lesimeme kutfutfukisa kukwati kufundza nekubhala. Isimeme ngobe icala kuloku bafundzi labakwatiko kute bafundze imibhalo mbamba nekubabhalela tinhloso ngalokungiko futsi ibuye itsintse nemisindvo. Loku tinhlelo lekumele bafundzi batati batente kute bafundze kufundza nekub-hala ngalokuyimphumelelo. Ngenchubo yekufundza loku kusho kutsi tinhlelo tekufundza kufanele tingasuselwa eluhlelweni'lwekulungela kufundza' (reading readines approach) lolutsi bantfwana abakalungeli kucala tifundvo tekufundza nekubhala, bangakabi nawo emakhono lafana nekulalela ngalokuhlungako, kwehlukanisa lokubonwako, netitfo tekunyakata tisengakakhuli ngalokwenele. Ngendlela lesimeme, lamakhono:
akumelanga tibe khona ngembi kwekutsi umfundzi acale kufundza nekubhala;
kumele futsi kufanele titfutfukiswe ngesikhatsi umntfwana asafundza kwekucala.
Kwakhiwa kwelwati
Lendlela yekutfutfukisa lwatisisekelo iveta litfuba lekutsi bafundzi bacale kutfutfukisa lwati lwelulwimi lolub-halwe nabafundziswa kufundza nekubhala emakhaya, emimmangweni labahlala kuyo nakutinkhulisa. Lokulungiselelwe kufundza bokhewana kufanele kubhalwe ngalokugcamile futsi kubhalwe ngetintfo temmango wabo nalabatatiko. Loko kutawubakhutsata kutsi batibone babafundzi nebabhali labanemakhono lasetulu.
Indlela legcugcutelako
Ikharikhulamu itsi kumele:
sigcugcutela sibuye sisekele kufundza kakhulu (batifundzela bona noma nalabanye);
kuniketwe umfundzi ematfuba ekubhala nekutfutfukisa silulumagama nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi;
kusita umfundzi, buchwepheshe nemasu labasita kuvisisa konkhe lokuphatselene nelulwimi lolubhaliwe sibonelo:
Kutfutfuka kwesimo semagama nemakhono ekuvisisa njengekwatini imisindvo yelulwimi,
Lwati lekuhambelana kwemisindvo yetinhlavu telulwimi,
Kuhlanganiswa kwako ekwakheni emagama, kucagela, imidvwebondzaba.
Kuhlanganisa imiPhumela yekuFundza
Lemiphumela yekufundza lelandzelako ifanele kutsatfwa njengalesebenta ngalokubumbene ekutfutfukiseni lul-wimi lwemfundzi. Ekucaleni kwemacophelo ekufundza, siphakamisa tibonelo temibhalo (lebukwako, naletful-wako, lekhulunywako netemisakato lenhlobonhlobo) letawenta kutsi bafundzi nabothishela balwati loluhlobo lolu lwekuhlanganisa. Kubalulekile kutsi kukhunjulwe kutsi bafundzi ngete balindzelwa kutsi bakhulume lulwi-mi labangakaze baluve kumbe babhale imibhalo yaloluhlobo labangazange sebalubone.
IMIPHUMELA YEKUFUNDZA
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela
Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa abuye akwati kuphawula ngalokufanele nangalokujulile etimeni letehlukene.
Bafundzi bafika esikolweni banelwati lolubanti nemakhono ekulalela ladzinga kucoliswa kute abasite ekutfut-fukiseni emakhono abo ekukhuluma, kufundza, kubuketa nekubhala. Kulalela lokuphapheme kungumnyombo wekufundza nekwakha budlelwane lobuhloniphekile. Bafundzi bangalalela kwandzisa lwati lwemasiko netilwi-mi taletinye tive nebudlelwane bendlu yekufundzela nelikhaya lemfundzi.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma
Umfundzi utawuchumana ngekutetsemba nangalokunetisako asebentisa lulwimi etimeni letehlukene.
Bafundzi balindzelwe kutsi basebentise emakhono abo etimeni letehlukene temincele yeTemasiko neTelulwimi; ngekukhombisa inhlonipho kulabanye nesimongcondvo lesakhako etindleleni letehlukene tekuchumana. Umfundzi ufanele aniketwe ematfuba lakhombisa kutsi bulwimilwimi buyasita ekutfutfukiseni budlelwane lobuhle nekutitfutfukisa yena lucobo lwakhe. Umfundzi ufanele akhombise kutsintseka nekucaphelisisa nangabe anetinkinga tekuchumana, bese achumana nebantfu labangaba lusito ekukhulumeni nekuva.
WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya
Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele ngekucophelela emagugu, laphatselene nemasikomphilo nemiva yakhe ngemibhalo.
Inhloso lesemcoka yalomphumela kufundza ngekuvisisa. Bucwephesha nemasu lasita umfundzi ekufundzeni ngaphandle kwemaphutsa asisekelo salenhloso. Kufundza kabanti (lokufaka ekhatsi imibhalo letinhlobonhlobo kubalulekile ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi lolusetjentiselwa kutitfokotisa nekutfola lwati ngemhlaba jikelele).
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala
Umfundzi utawubhala tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo lengemaciniso nalesuselwa engcondvweni kufeza tinhloso letinengi.
Esigabeni sabokhewana umfundzi ufundza kubhala: ucala kuvisisa kutsi imicondvo icuketse imicondvo lev-akalako. Kulesigaba utfutfukisa likhono lakhe lekubhala ngesandla lesihle kute akwati kubhala imibono nemica-bango yakhe letawufundvwa nguye kanye nabontsanga yakhe. Kwengeta kuloko babhali labasacatfuta bafundza kusebentisa lulwimi nemigomo yekubhalwa kwalo njengekupelwa kwemagama nekusetjentiswa kwetimphawu tekufundza kute imibhalo yabo ikwati kufundvwa iphindze ivisiswe sive. Kuloluhlelo lwetifundvo indle-lanchubo yekubhala iyakhutsatwa. Loku kufaka ekhatsi tigaba tekubhala: emalungiselelo ekubhala, kuhlela luh-laka, kubuketa, kulungisa nekushicilela kanye nekulandzela yonkhe inchubo lesetjentiswa babhali labavutsiwe.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola nekuhlelembisa lwati, laluseben-tise ekufundzeni.
Lamakhono nalamacophelo ekuhlola laphawulwe kulomphumela afakwe kuto tonkhe tincenye tekufundza neku-fundzisa kulenkhundla yekufundza. Sizatfu sekuyibandzakanya njengemphumela lotimele kutsi umfundzi nem-fundzisi bacaphele, bagcizelele leto timphawu telwati lwelulwimi netinsita tekutfutfukisa kucabanga nekunoma. Lamakhono, imicondvo nemasu kusetjentiswa kuto tonkhe tinhlelo tetifundvo, ngaloko-ke ngete tafundziswa ngekubandlululwa, kufanele tifundziswe esimeni lesisekelwe kumiphumela jikelele leli-12 nangekusekelwa ngito tonkhe tinkhundla tekufundza.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa
Umfundzi uyakwati kusebentisa imisindvo, emagama neluhlelo lwelulwimi kwakha nekuhumusha imibhalo.
Bafundzi batawucala kutfungatsa kutsi lulwimi lusebenta kanjani. Batawucala kutfutfukisa lulwimi lokwabel-wana ngalo lwekukhuluma (lulwimi lolusetjentiswako). Sibonelo, batawufundza kusebentisa emagama lafana nemisindvo, emalunga, ligama, umusho nangci. Loku kutabenta bachaze bacabange ngetintfo letifana tekutsi emagama apelwa njani nekutsi imisho lelula yakheke njani futsi tiphumuti tifakwa njani.
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO
Etigabeni letilandzelako, emaCophelo ekuHlola alowo nalowo mphumela atawuniketwa (atawetfulwa) ngeliban-ga ngelibanga. Ekucaleni kwalelo nalelo banga kutawuniketwa tibonelo temibhalo lengasetjentiswa eku-fundziseni lulwimi ngendlela lecubile. Leti akusito todvwa tibonelo letingabakhona, ungengeta ngaletinye tibonelo letifanele emibhalweni lekhona.
Caphela:
Bothishela kumele bakhumbule kutsi akusibo bonkhe bantfwana labangene etinkhulisa, kumele emakhono netindlela tasenkhulisa afundziswe abuye ahlanganiswe lapha ebangeni 1.
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO ELIBANGA R
LiBanga R
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako
Yemlomo:
Tindzaba (letivame kudlalwa letifaka ekhatsi imphindvwa, emakhorasi langenelwa bafundzi)
Imilayeto leya ngekujiya
Kuteka kabusha
Tingoma
Imidlalo
Lebonwako/Lebhaliwe:
Tindzaba ngetitfombe netincwadzi leticuketse imibhadlwana lelula
Titfombe tetiphicaphicwano
Kukhangisa imifanekisomibhalo letayelekile
Titfombe
Imisakato letinhlonhlobo:
Bomabonakudze
Emafilimu
KULALELA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati nekutiftokotisa aphawule ngalokufanele Kulalela imibuto, imilayeto netimemetelo nangalokujulile etimeni letehlukene. ngekucophelela bese aphawula ngalokufanele.
Kukhombisa imikhuba lemihle yekulalela ngaphandle kwekuphazamisa, bakhombisa kuhlonipha sikhulumi, banikane ematfuba ekukhuluma.
Kutfokotela kulalela imibhalo lenetingoma letilula, imilolotelo, tinkondlwana netindzaba, bakhombise kuvisisa ngaloku lokulandzelako:
Kwenta lokusamdlalo ngetincenye tetindzaba, tingoma nemilolotelo;
Kungenela emakhorasini ngetikhatsi letifanele;
Kwenta imifanekisomidvwebo yetindzaba, tingoma nemilolotelo;
Kucaphelisisa imininingwane banikete umnyombo wemcondvo walokwetfulwa ngemlomo;
Kuhlela imifanekiso ngekulandzelana kwayo.
Kutfutfukisa lwati lwemisindvo:
Kubona kutsi emagama akhiwe imisindvo;
Kuhlukanisa emkhatsini kwemisindvo ikakhulu ekucaleni nasekugcineni kwemagama;
Kuhlukanisa imisho lekhulunywako ibe emagama latimele (kusebentisa emagama eluhlavu lunye kucala);
Kubona emagama lanesigci (lala lala, lala lala lala).
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
KUKHULUMA Umfundzi utawuchumana ngekutetsemba nangalokunetisako asebentisa lulwimi etimeni letehlukene. Si yakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Kucoca ngemndeni wakubo nebangani.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lalucabangako kutitfokotisa nekucabanga (sib: kwenta emagama lanesigci).
Kuveta imibono yakhe kanye nemibono yalabanye bantfu labaphilako kanye nebantfu labacabangako.
Kuhlabelela ahaye tingoma letilula netinkondlo.
Kubuta imibuto ngaloko labangakuvisisi, nobe badzin-ga lwati lolutsite, baphendvule kahle imibuto lababutwe yona.
Kwendlulisa imilayeto (sib: emkhatsini wabo nalabanye).
Kucoca indzaba yakhe abuye ateke tindzaba talabanye ngemagama akhe.
Kutimbandzakanya ngekutetsemba ngalokungiko ecenjini.
Kukhombisa inc elencele ekusebentiseni lulwimi nakakhuluma nebangane.
Kutibandzakanya etinhlotjeni letehlukene temidlalo netindlela letehlukene tekwetfula inkhulumo (sib: kushayelana lucingo).
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Uyachubeka
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUFUNDZA/NEKWEHLWAYA Kucala kutfutfukisa lwati lwakhe lwemisindvo:
Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo
Kubona ngwaca losekucaleni;
kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele
nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo
Kubona emagama lanesigci fana nasetinkondlweni.
SiSwati - Lulwimi Lwasekhaya
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
KUBHALA Umfundzi uyakwati kubhala tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo leliciniso nalecatjangwako etizatfwini letinyenti Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Kucala kulinga ngekubhala:
Kwakha nekusebentisa imidvwebo kudlulisela umbiko njengesicalo ekubhaleni;
Kwakha emalunga ngetindlela letehlukene (sibonelo: asebentise umtimba wakhe kukhombisa umumo, abhale esantini);
Kwati kutsi kubhala nekudvweba kuhlukile sibonelo: akhombe emagama, kunekutsi akhombe titfombe ngalesikhatsi afundza;
Kukhuluma ngemidvwebo yakhe nalakubhalile;
Kulingisa kubhala ngesizatfu sibonelo: umbiko welucingo, luhlu lwekutsenga;
Kusebentisa emalunga netinombolo letitayelekile noma tilinganiso kubonisa lulwimi lolubhalwako, ikakhulu emalunga eligama lakhe noma iminyaka;
Kufundza lokubhalwe nguye uma aceliwe kwenta loko;
Kukhomba imitamo yakhe yekubhala, acalise kucaphelisisa tinkhomba sibonelo: kucala kusencele uye kusekudla, etulu uye phansi;
Kwenta imitamo yemibhalo letayelekile, asebentise emalunga lawatiko sibonelo: etinhleni, emibikweni noma etincwadzini;
Kusebentisa tinsita kubhala njengemakhrayoni nemapenseli.
SiGaba SaboKhewane
KUCABANGA NEKUNOMA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola Kusebentisa lulwimi kutfutfukisa imicondvo:nekuhlelembisa lwati, alusebentise
Kukhomba kutfutfuka kwelwati lwabo lwelulwimiekufundzeni. ekuvisiseni imicondvo leyehlukene sib: Sisindvo, budze, bubanti, sivinini, njll, ngekwenta loku;
Kusebentisa silulumagama lesifanele, sib: -khulu, -ncane, -mbalwa, -catsa.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kukhomba nekuchaza umehluko nalokufanako;
Kumatanisa tintfo letihambisanako aphindze acatsanise tintfo letehlukene;
Kubona incenye yalokuphelele.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuphenya nekutfola:
Kubuta imibuto ucwaninge tinchazelo;
Kuniketa tinchazelo netisombululo;
Kucatulula nekucedzela tiphicaphicwano.
Kuhlelembisa lwati:
Kukhetsa lwati loludzingekile enchazelweni letsite.
Umfundzi uyakwati kusebentisa imisindvo, emagama neluhlelo lwelulwimi kwakha nekuhumusha imibhalo
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kukwati kuhlobanisa imisindvo kutinhlavu nemagama:
Kubona kutsi emagama akhiwe imisindvo;
Kubona imisindvo ekucaleni kwalamanye emagama;
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kukhipha sicalo egameni (sib: si-buko);
Kuhlelembisa emagama laneticalo letifanako (sib: imbuti, imbasha, imbiva, imbita);
Kukhomba ligama, luhlavu nesikhala kulokubhaliwe.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kwedlulisela imicondvo asebentisa kuchaza netento.
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kukhuluma ngemibhalo (sib: tindzaba) asebentisa ematemu lafana nesicalo, umtimba nesiphetfo.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuchumana:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kukhombisa budlelwane emmangweni (sib: ngicela tsine);
Kutfola inchazelo lebangelwa kuntjintjakwekuphimisa elivini.
Kusebentisa lulwimi (sib: umsindvo, ligama, luhlavu, sigci, sicalo, umtimba, siphetfo).
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO EMABANGA 1-3
LiBanga 1
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako
Temlomo:
Tingcoco (tindzaba letilula, tinsimu, tinganekwane)
Imiyalo leya ngekushuba
Kuteka tehlakalo
Kudlala imilolotelo
Tingoma
Tinkondlo
Imidlalo yekulingisa
Kulandzela imilayeto lefanele uyente ngekujiya kwayo
Tinchazelo letilula
Lokubukwako/Lokubhalwako:
Tindzaba letilula
Tinkondlo
Imidlalo (sibonelo: imidlalo yebhodi)
Tinhla
Emabhuku etitfombe
Titfombe temaphazili
Tindzaba letilula
Emashati lalula
Emagama latayelekile latinkinga (etibalweni)
Imiyalo (sib: kwakhiwa kwendiza yeliphepha)
Tinchazelo letimalula
Tichazamagama
Imibhalolwati lelula (sib: tincwadzi letikhuluma ngabombunjwa, tilwane)
Bomabonakudze
LiBanga 2
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako
Temlomo:
Ematekelo (tindzaba, tinganekwane, tinsimu)
Tingcoco netinkhulumiswano
Timvumelwano
Emaculo
Tinkondlo
Tibongo
Imidlalo
Emathephu (sib: titori temsakato)
Tikhangiso letetayelekile
Imiyalo leya ngekushuba
Tindzaba tetehlakalo
Tinchazelo
Tinhla
Tiphicaphicwano nemahlaya
Tinkinga tetibalomagama
Lokubukwako/lokubhalwako:
Imiyaleto
Emakhalenda
Timemo
Tinhla tesikhatsi
Emakhadi ekukhontisa
Emashadi
Emabhagrafu
Imitsetfo (sib: imitsetfo yemidlalo)
Emaphazili emagama
Tincwadzi
Titfombe
Emaphephabhuku etitfombe nawetikhangiso
Emafomu, (sib: emincintiswano)
Imisakato lenhlobonhlobo:
Mabonakudze
Tikhangiso tebantfwana kumabonakudze letimelula
LiBanga 3
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako
Temlomo:
Ematekelo (tindzaba, tinganekwane, tinsimu)
Tingcoco netinkhulumiswano
Timvumelwano
Tingoma
Tinkondlo
Imidlalo
Imiyalo leya ngekushuba
Tindzaba tetehlakalo
Tinchazelo
Tinhla
Tiphicaphicwano nemahlaya
Tinkinga temagama
Imisakato (sib: titori, timemetelo, tindzaba, simo selitulu, ema-intaviyu)
Lokubukwako/lokubhalwako:
Emabhukutitfombe
Titfombe
Emabalave
Titfombe
Emaflodayagramu
Emabalavemcondvo
Emaphephandzaba
Emaphephabhuku
Emakhomikhi
Tichazamagama
Emathebula lalokucuketfwe nema-indeksisi
Emadayari
Emabhuku labuketiwe lamelula
Tikhangiso
Imibhalo lengemaciniso (ematheksibhuku)
Tincwajana letichazako
Emaphamuflethi
Kugcwaliswa kwemafomu (sib: imincintiswano)
Imisakato lenhlobonhlobo:
Mabonakudze
Emafilimu
Tikhangiso tamabonakudze
KULALELA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa aphawule ngalokufanele Kulalelisisa imilayeto netimemetelo ngekucophelela nangalokujulile etimeni letehlukene. bese aphawule ngalokufanele.
Kukhombisa imikhuba lemihle yekulalela ngekucophelela ngaphandle kwekuphazamisa, akhombisa kuhlonipha sikhulumi, anikane ematfuba ekukhuluma, abute imibuto kute acaciseleke.
Kutfokotela kulalela tindzaba letimfishane, timvumelwano, tinkondlwana netingoma letivela etilwimini nasemasikweni lahlukene akhombise kuvisisa:
Kulalela imibono lebalulekile nemininingwane lebalulekile endzabeni;
Kwenta samdlalo kwetindzaba, tingoma nemilolotelo;
Kungenela emakhorasi;
Kudvweba indzabasitfombe bese kubhalwa emaga-ma nemisho lembalwa ngayo;
Kuhlela imifanekiso ngekulandzelana kwayo;
Kuphendvula imibuto levulekile ngendzaba;
Kukhombisa imiva ngendzaba layivako;
Kwendlulisela embili imibono ngendzaba labayivile.
Kulalela, atsakasele ngekuphendvula kahle tiphicwaphicwano nemahlaya atsandze.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuhlala balalele sikhatsi lesidze ngaphandle kwekutsikameteka (sib: Kwenta umsebenti wekubonisa (experiment), kwenta lucwaningo) baphendvule imiyalo lengetiwe.
Kukhombisa imikhuba lemihle yekulalela ngekucophelela ngaphandle kwekuphazamiseka, bakhombise kuhlonipha sikhulumi, banikane ematfuba ekukhuluma, babute imibuto kute bacaciseleke, bafinyete, nobe baphawule ngalabakuvile, nakufanele.
Kutfokotela kulalela tindzaba, tinkondlo, tingoma naleminye imibhalo lekhulunywako akhombise kuvisisa:
Kulalela sihloko nemlayeto lobalulekile;
Kulalela imininingwane;
Kucagela lokutakwenteka;
Kulandzisa ngetingcikitsi tendzaba;
Kuphendvula imibuto ngendzaba labacocelwe yona;
Kweneka imiva yabo babeke yabo imibono macondzana nendzaba labacocelwe yona;
Kuvakalisa imiva yabo ngembhalo banikete tizatfu;
Kulandzisa ngembangela nemiphumela yetigigaba tendzaba/yemibiko/yemilayeto.
Kulalela atsandze tiphicaphicwano nemahlaya ngekuphendvula kahle.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kulalela sikhatsi lesidze ngaphandle kwekutsikameteka aphendvule imiyaleto yetigiga-ba letengetiwe letisezingeni lelilingana naye.
Kukhombisa imikhuba lemihle yekulalela ngekucophelela ngaphandle kwekuphazamiseka, bakhombise kuhlonipha sikhulumi, banikane ematfuba ekukhuluma, babute imibuto kute bacaciseleke, bafinyete, nobe baphawule ngalabakuvile, nakufanele.
Kukwati abuye akhombise kuhlonipha tinhlobo letehlukene telulwimi.
Kutfokotela kulalela tindzaba, tinkondlo, tingoma naleminye imibhalo lekhulunywako akhombise kuvisisa:
Kulalela sihloko nemlayeto lobalulekile;
Kulalela imininingwane;
Kucagela lokutakwenteka;
Kulandzisa ngetingcikitsi tendzaba;
Kuphendvula imibuto ngendzaba labacocelwe yona;
Kweneka imiva yabo babeke yabo imibono macondzana nendzaba labacocelwe yona banikete tizatfu;
Kulandzisa ngembangela nemiphumela yetigigaba/tendzaba/yemibiko/yemilayeto;
Kudvweba titfombe kukhombisa kuvisisa indz-aba lacocelwa yona bese ayibhala ngemagama akhe.
Kulalela atsandze tiphicaphicwano nemahlaya ngekuphendvula kahle.
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KULALELA Kulalela imibiko ayedlulise kahle.Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwatinekutitfokotisa aphawule ngalokufanelenangalokujulile etimeni letehlukene. Kukhombisa lwati lwemisindvo:
Kuhlukanisa emkhatsini kwemisindvo ikakhulu ekucaleni nasekugcineni kwemagama;
Kubona emagama lanesigci (lala lala, lala lala lala);
Kubona kwakheka kwebunyenti ekucaleni kwemagama.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kulalela sikhulumi langasiboni (sib: emsakatweni, ku-intakhomu) aphendvule imibuto nemilayeto. Kulalela sikhulumi langasiboni (sib: emsakatweni, ku-intakhomu) aphendvule imibuto nemilayeto.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
KUKHULUMA Umfundzi utawuchumana ngekutetsemba nangalokunetisako asebentisa lulwimi etimeni letehlukene. Si yakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Kukhuluma ngalokwamehlela, imiva netindzaba.
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngekwemcabango ekudlaleni nasekutakheleni titfombe temcondvo.
Kwendlulisa imibono asebentisa kuchaza lokujabu-lisako nemagama lasho tento.
Kuhlabela, kuhaya, kugidza, kulingisa emaculo tinkondlo nemilolotel.
Kubamba lichaza endlini yekufundzela, nasecenjini lakulo.
Ngekuniketana ematfuba, babute imibuto akhombisa kuvelana nemalungelo nemiva yalabanye.
Kuphendvula imibuto lebutwe balaleli:
Kwendlulisa imilayeto;
Kucoca indzatjana layatiko ngendlela lelandzelanako;
Kucoca indzaba letayelekile lenesingeniso, umtimba nesiphetfo asebentisa titfombe uma kudzingekile.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucoca ngalahlangabetane nako kanye netindzaba nje letetayelekile.
Kutakhela nekucoca tindzaba letilula letibonisa singeniso, umtimba nesiphetfo, asebentisa lulwimi loluchazako, agwema kuphindzaphindza.
Kuphosa litje esivivaneni etingcocweni telikilasi netemacembu nge:
Kuphakamisa tihloko lekungacocwa ngato emacenjini;
Kuniketa ematfuba babuta imibuto lefanele;
Kunika tiphakamiso letichubela ingcoco embili;
Kuvelana nemalungelo nemiva yalabanye;
Kwetfula imibiko ngemsebenti wemacembu;
Kubuta imibuto kutfola lwati nekuchazeleka;
Kuphendvula imibuto anikete tizatfu tetimphendvulo;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucoca ngalahlangabetene nako emphilweni netindzaba nje letetayelekile avakalise umbono nemiva yakhe.
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngekwemcabango, ekudlaleni nasekwakheni titfombe tengcondvo (kwakha emahlaya, imidlalomagama, tiphicaph-icwano, timvumelwano, tinkondlo latakhele tona, kwenta lwakhe lulwimi lwekukhuluma).
Kuticambela tindzaba letiveta singeniso, umtimba, nesiphetfo ngekusebentisa lululwimi loluchazako, kute agweme kuphindzaphindza. Ucala kucacel-wa ngesakhiwo nekwetfulwa kwebalingisi.
Kubamba lichaza etingcocweni tasekilasini:
Kuphakamisa tihloko lekungacocwa ngato emacenjini;
Kunikana ematfuba ekubuta imibuto lehambe-lana netihloko;
Kwenta tiphakamiso ngemibono etingcocweni telikilasi;
Kufinyeta umsebenti welicembu;
Kukhombisa kuvelana nemalungelo kanye nemiva yalabanye;
Kubuta imibuto kutfola lwati nenchazelo;
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngendlela lefanele etimeni nasekhatsini letehlukene, nasebantfwini labahlukene: Ku-intaviyuwa umuntfu lomdzala losivakashi ekilasini; umdlalo wekulingisa timo letitsite (sib: emadl-watana, kuvakashela libhange, kwenta bangani labasha); Kusebentisa liphimbo ngetindlela letihambisana netimo.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kunika tiphakamiso letakhako ngemisebenti yalabanye;
Kunika imibono yekusombulula tinkinga.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolufanele kufeza tinhloso letehlukahlukene (sib: ticoliso, timemo) kanye futsi nebantfu labanye (ku-intaviyuwa bantfu kanye nekulingisa).
Kusebentisa liphimbo lelemukelekako esimeni lesifanele (sib: uma kudlalwa, nanobe kuco-ciswana emacenjini lamancane).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kunika timphendvulo nekutesekela;
Kuphawula ngalokwakhako kulabanye.
Kubuta bantfu ngenhloso yekutfola lwati lolutsite.
Kwetfula tinkhulumo (sib: etihlokweni letiniketiwe, kubuta lokwentiwe, kubika imibiko yelucwaningo):
Ngekusekelwa nekuholwa ngumfundzisi bafundzi baba netimphawu letinhle tekwetfula inkhulumo;
Kuchaza loko labayokwetfula nendlelalabatakwetfula ngayo;
Kusebentisa emasu lasisekelo kuheha balaleli bakulalele, bakubuke emehlweni;
Kusebentisa liphimbo ngalokwehluka hlukene.
Kungenela tinkhulumo mphendvulwano netingco-co njengelikhono letekuhlalisana.
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUFUNDZA/NEKUHLWAYAKusebentisa umnyakato wemtimba netitfombe kwakha
Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo inchazelo:kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele
Kucagela lokucuketfwe yincwadzi ngekubukangekucophelela emagugu laphatselene lingaphandle layo;nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo
Kuhumusha inshokutsi yeluhlu lwetitfombe bese ucoca indzaba. Kuphendvula imibuto lephatselene netindzaba ngalokufisha;
Kuhumusha lwati lekufaka emathebula nemagrafu etitfombe latfolwe kumaphephandzaba, etincwadzi-ni, emisakatweni, ekukhangiseni (sib: emakhalenda, sikhatsi tinhlelo, emaphosta eHIV/AIDS).
Kulingisa kufundza:
Indlela lefanele yekuphatsa incwadzi;
Indlela yekuvula emakhasi ngalokufanele;
Kubuka emagama nemifanekiso;
Kusebentisa titfombe kwakha imibono.
Kwenta inchazelo yembhalo lobhaliwe:
Kufundza indzaba nathishela bese: Bacoce ngemcondvo lomkhulu, Kubona imininingwane sib: Umlingisi lomcoka, kulandzelana kwetigameko, sib: ekandzaba, Kusho kutsi bayitsandzile indzaba nekutsi yini indzaba.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucagela kutsi indzaba ikhuluma nganingekubona lingephandle lencwadzi;
Ngekuya kwemifanekiso, imisakato yetit fombe, nekukhangisa: Kuhumusha umbiko lobalulekile, Kubona inhloso, tetsameli nalapho kutawutfolwa khona;
Kubeka yakhe imibono ngalokubhaliwenalakuva kubetindzaba.
Kwenta inchazelo yembhalo lobhaliwe
Kufundza indzaba ayedvwa nobe ana thishela: Kuchaza umbono lobalulekile, Kubona emaphuzu lamcoka sib: balingisi labagcamile, kulandzelana kwetigameko, sib: ekandzaba,
Kubona nekucocisana ngemagugu nemasiko lasendzabeni,
Kubona timbangela nemiphumela yetigigaba (yini imbangela yesehlakalo lesitsite endzabeni),
Kwenta tiphakamiso,
Kweneka imiva yakhe ngendzaba kutsi uyitsandzile nobe cha nekutsi yini indzaba asho njalo.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa imikhondvo yalokubonwako kuveta inchazelo:
Uchaza ngemlomo nobe ngekubhala kutsi kusho kutsini nenhloso yako,
Usebentisa lwati ngetindlela letifanele (sib: emabalave ekukhomba indzawo, indlela, kulandzela tindlela tekupheka),
Uhlola sitfombe setimphawu teluhlakasimo nekusebenta kwato.
Kwenta inchazelo yembhalo lobhaliwe:
Wemongo wayo,
Imininingwane lebalulekile fana nebalingisi labamcoka, kulandzelana kwetigameko, (sib: ekandzaba, emagugu emasiko),
Tiphetfo (sib: sifundvo sini lesisitfola enganekwaneni?), Kuphawula uyitsandzile indzaba noma cha bese uniketa netizatfu taloko, Kufundza imitsetfo lephatselene netidzingo nalakutsandzako emphilweni yakhe mbamba;
Kufundza imibhalo lehlukile letse kushuba;
Kufundza imibhalo ayedvwa asebentisetindlela letinyenti kuniketa inchazelo.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubona imisindvo nemagama ente inchazelo ngemibhalo lebhaliwe:
Kufundza imibhalo lelula ngenhloso letsite (sib: imisebenti yasendlini yekufundzela, emalebula);
Kubona nekwati kufundza libito lakhe nekukhona kubhala abontsanga yakhe;
Kufundza imibhalo latibhalele yona neyabontsanga yakhe;
Kusebentisa imisindvo nemakhono ekubona ligama kuchaza emagama lamasha lasetjentiswa etindza-weni letitsite (sib: umkhondvo wemumo lobonakalako wemaphethini etinhlavu, umkhondvo wesitfombe, umkhondvo wengcikitsi, nebudlelwane betinhlavu nemisindvo).
Kucala kutfutfukisa lwati lwakhe lwemisindvo:
Kubona nekwetsa tinhlavu letetayelekile temaalfabethi;
Kuvisisa umehluko emkhatsini kwemisindvo nemagama;
Kuvisisa kutsi emagama akagucuki kepha lemisind-vo lewamele ingantjintja;
Kuvisisa imisindvo - budlelwane babongwaca labahamba bodvwa;
Kuhlahlela emagama latayelekile ngeluhlavu lunye lwabongwaca lolusekucaleni;
Kubeka emagama lahlobene abe mindeni (emagwa-ba, emantulu, ematfundvuluka, ematelemba).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kufundza imiyalo lelula endlini yekufundzela;
Kufundza imibhalo leshubashubile (tincwadzi letingemaciniso naletingesiwo emaciniso, imiyalo lelula, timemo, emakhadi ekuvuselana, emaphazili emagama).
Kubona nekuniketa inchazelo yetinhlamvu nemagama emibhalweni lemidze:
Kufundza ngekushesha nekuvisisa lokutsegcagca;
Kufundza aphimisele ngendlela lefanelengekulandzela imigomo yekufundza;
Kusebentisa umsindvo nalamanye emakhono ekubona nekuvisisa ligama njengemisindvo, imikhondvo engcikitsini, abuye acagele kute akwati kuva kutsi umbhalo utsini;
Kusebentisa indlela emasu ekutilungisa emaphutsa akhe (sib: kufundza futsi, kuma, kufundza ngekucala ngekufundza buthule).
Kucala kutfutfukisa lwati lwakhe lwemisindvo:
Kubona nekwetsa tinhlavu letetayelekile tema-alfabethi lamanyenti;
Kuvisisa umehluko emkhatsini kwemisindvo nemagama lawakhiphe encwadzini labayifundzako;
Kubona kutsi emagama akagucuki kepha lemisindvo lewamele ingantjintja uma kwakhi-wa emagama;
Kubeka emagama lahlobene abe imindeni (libhubesi, ingwe, indlovu, lidvube, indlulamitsi);
Kufundzela kutitfokotisa nekutfola lwati;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kufundza imibhalo leshicilelwe kahle nangekuvisisa:
Kuphimisa emagama ngalokungiko -nawafundza amemeta: Kufundza amemete ngekugcizelelanangekutetsemba ekuphimiseni,
Kusebentisa emakhono ekubona nekuvisisa kufundza imibhalo lengakatayeleki (sib: imisindvo, imikhondvo yengcikitsi, kucagela),
Kusebentisa tinhlobo tetindlela letehlukene letitintjintjako tekugadza nekutilungisa nakafundza (sib: kufundza futsi, kufundza njalo, kuma, kutilungiselela ngembi kwekutsi uliphimise ligama umemeta).
Kufundza Kuhlanganisa lwati lwemsindvo:
Kubona kutsi umsindvo munye ungabhalwa ngetindlela letinyenti letehlukile (umfana, umfula, umfutfo);
Kubona kutsi sipelingi lesifanako singamela imisindvo leyehlukene;
Kufundzela kutitfokotisa nekutfola lwati;
Kukhetsa emabhuku labawatsandzako (langenamaciniso nalanemaciniso) futsi asho kutsi yini layitsandzile noma langayitsandzi ngawo;
Kufundza emabhuku ladvumile lafanele lizinga lakhe lekufundza.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kufundzela lwati nekutitfokotisa: Afundza emabhuku etitfombe lalula neticashunwa Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kufundza emabhuku etitfombe netindzaba letimelula latikhetsele tona;
Kukhomba kutfokotela tindzaba temasiko lahlukene;
Kucala kusebentisa sichazamagama kucinisek-isa kupelwa nenchazelo yemagama.
Kutitfokotisa ngekufundza imibhalo lehlukahlukene njengemaphephabhuku, bopopayi, tincwadzi letinetindzaba letingemaciniso.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kufundza atfokotele emabhuku labhalwe babhali bemasiko lehlukene ngetingcikitsi nebudlelwane lobehlukene:
Kufundza imibhalo lehlukahlukene (sib: emaphephabhuku, bopopayi/emakhomikhi, nemaphephandzaba);
Kusebentisa sichazamagama kutfola tinchazelo temagama;
Kubhala emagama lamasha lajabulisako emtapeni wakhe wemagama noma esichazeni magama sakhe;
Kusebentisa luhlu lwalokucuketfwe, i-indeksi, emagama labalulekile, tihloko, netinombolo temakhasi kutfola lwati;
Kusebentisa emakhono ekudlala imidlalo lefana nekutingela (kususelwa ekufundzeni imikhondvo), bafundze imidlalo ngekufundza imilayeto;
Kudlala imidlalo yemagama letsatfwe kusilulumagama sakhe nalati kuwapela, (sib: kuphicana, sikrebuli);
EmaCophelo EkuHlola aphelile
SiSwati - Lulwimi Lwasekhaya
EmaCophelo EkuHlola aphelile EmaCophelo EkuHlola Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kukhomba nekutfola imitfombo sib: emalunga emmango, emavidiyo, tincwadzi tasemtapeni, emaphephabhuku;
Kucala kuhlatiya imibhalo lekhulunywako, lebhaliwe nalebonwako tikwemagugu emasiko nenhlalo, timongcondvo nemibono kucombela sib: kukhangisa ensipheni yemphuphu, kukhuluma kutsi kuyini kubika kulomunye, nemagalelo alabadvuna nalabasikati. EmaCophelo EkuHlola
SiGaba SaboKhewane
KUBHALA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Umfundzi uyakwati kubhala tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo leliciniso Kubhala ngesandla lesifundzekako: nalecatjangwako etizatfwini letinyenti
Kusebentisa kahle tinsita tekubhala njengemapenseli, nemakhilayoni ngalokushaya khona;
Kubumba tinhlavu tema-alfabhethi ngalokungiko;
Kutetayeta emakhono ekwakha tinhlavu nekubhala ngesandla lesifundzekako (sib: emaphethini, kudvweba, kutsatsela emagama nemidvwebo).
Kwenta emalungiselelo ekubhala:
Kuphawula ngetitfombe emishweni lelula;
Kucocisana nabontsanga ngemibhalo yabo (ngaba-bili nangemacembu) ngetihloko nemicondvo yemibhalo.
Kubhalela tinhloso letehlukene:
Kubhala tinhla;
Kubhala emalebula netihloko letilula netingcikitsi temidvwebo;
Kutakhela imibhalo lelula njengemakhadi ekutalwa (loku kufaka ekhatsi imibhalo lebhalwako nalebonwako);
Kusebentisa emacebo lalula kutfola nekucopha lwati (sib: kusaveya kutsi tingaki tilwimi letikhu-lunywako ecenjini lelincane);
Kuhlela lwati lube ngendlela yemagrafu lalula (sib: emashadi, luhla lwesikhatsi);
Kugcogca titfombe letifanele netitfombe temagrafu kucacisa umbhalo;
Kugcogca nekuhlela titfombe ngetigaba.
Siyakwati loku uma uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala ngesandla lesibonakala kahle:
Kusebentisa tinsita tekubhala ngendlela lengiyo;
Kwakha tinhlavu kalula ngalokucacile;
Kubhala ngekukhululeka, ngekunetseteka nangesivinini kungaba yimphumelelo nangabe bahlala bakwenta loko.
Kusebetisa emasu ekulungiselela kucala kubhala:
Kubamba lichaza ecenjini ekubhungeni nekuhlanganiseni imibono yekubhala;
Kuhlanganisa nabontsanga nathishela imibono latayisebentisa ekubhalweni;
Kukhetsa sihloko lesibalulekile kuye nasemphilweni yakhe.
Kwakha luhlaka lwekubhala:
Kubhala tinhlaka nemibhalo lemifisha ngetinhloso letehlukene: Kwenta tinhla fana nemisebenti yasekhaya, imisebenti yeliviki, Imibhalo lenemiva fana nemakhadi ekubon-ga, tincwadzi, Imibhalo lelula leniketa lwati sib:
emaresiphi, Tindzaba letilula, Tinkondlo netingoma;
Kunika sihloko lesihambisana nalokusembhalweni.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala ngesandla lesifundzekako:
Kubhala ngekukhululeka, ngekwengeta sivini-ni, njengoba bahlala batilolonga;
Batfutfukisa likhono lekubhala bacedzengesikhatsi lababekelwe sona.
Kusebentisa emasu ekulungiselela kucala kubhala:
Kusebentisa emasu lehlukehlukene kutfola lwati nekukhetsa sihloko fana nekuhlanganisa imibono, kubhala ngekukhululeka, kucocisana nabontsanga, kusebentisa imifanekiso;
Kucala kuhlela ekubhaleni;
Kuhlela luhlaka lwemsebenti wekubhalangetinhloso letehlukene.
Kukhetsa sihloko lesifanele inhloso nalabatsintsekako (sib: kucopha lakuvako ngesigameko kumadayari, tincwadzi tekubonga sipho esihlotjeni):
Kubhala sihloko lesifanele lesihambisana nengcikitsi (sib: indzaba lesigaba nobe letim-bili, kubuketa emabhuku lokumelula, emarisiphi, tincwadzi, tinkhulumomphendvul-wane, imilayeto);
Kubhala sihloko lesifanele lesihambelana nalokucuketfwe.
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUBHALA Luhlaka lwemibhalo nekuwubuketa:Umfundzi uyakwati kubhala tinhlobo
Kuphosa litje esivivaneni uma kubhalwa indzabaletehlukene temibhalo leliciniso ngemacembu (ekucaleni umfundzisi abenalecatjangwako etizatfwini letinyenti ngulobhala);
Kubuketa nekulolonga luhla lwendzaba lebhalwe licembu;
Kubhala nekufundzela umfundzisi nabontsanga luhlaka lwembhalo bese ucala kuwubuketa.
Kucala kwakha silulumagama acale kupela emagama kute afundvwe ngekuviswa ngulabanye:
Kubhala emagama lamele bantfu kumbe tindzawo netintfo letatiwako;
Kupela ngalokufanele emagama lavamile;
Kutama kupela emagama langaketayeleki kuseben-tisa imisindvo (kupela emagama labawatiko);
Kutakhela sakhe silulumagama nesichazamagama.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubuketa lokubhaliwe:
Kucocisana ngemibhalo yabo neyalabanye kute kuphawulwe ngayo;
Kutama kutihlelela imisebenti yabo labayib-halile (sib: kwengeta noma kunciphisa emaga-ma, kucacisa inchazelo, kuhlola nekulungisa sipelingi netiphumuti);
kubuketa imibhalo yabo ngemuva kwekubon-isana nalabanye.
Kushicilela' 'kwetfula' imibhalo yabo emmangweni:
Kubonisana ngalabakubhalile ngekutsi bakufundze baphimise nobe kubukisa ngemisebenti yabo endlini yekufundzela;
Kutakhela tabo tincwadzi nemacoco etinkondlo.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubuketa imibhalo yakhe:
Kucocisana ngemibhalo yakhe neyalabanye kutfola tiphakamiso;
Kuhlela imisebenti yabo (sib: kususa noma kwengeta emagama kucacisa lapho kudzingeke khona, kuhlela imisho kabusha, kuhlola kupel-wa kwemagama nekusetjentiswa kwetiphumuti);
Kubuketa imisebenti yabo emva kwekutfola tiphakamiso talabanye;
Kushicilela' (kubukisa ) ngalakubhalile;
Kwabelana umsebenti nalabanye ngekuwufundzela etulu nobe akhangise ngawo endlini yekufundzela;
Kwabelana umsebenti nalabatsintsekako, njengemndeni noma bangani (sib: tincwadzi, imibiko, imiyalo);
Kutakhela tincwadzi takhe noma lokubhalwe likilasi.
Kutakhela silulumagama nekupela emagama ngaphandle kwekusitwa:
Kusebentisa silulumagama lesinonga imibhalo nemagama lahambelana ngco netinchazelo letitsite kute ticace kahle;
Kusebentisa alawule emagama latfolwe etindzabeni, ekufundzeni imibhalo, emaphephandzabeni, kumahlaya, etingcocweni tabontsanga nalabanye;
Kwakha silulumagama nesichazamagama sakhe;
Kusebentisa sichazamagama kutfola kupelwa nenchazelo yemagama;
Kusebentisa lwati lwemisindvo nekupelwa kwemagama kubhala emagama langakatayeleki.
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUBHALA Kubhala ngekulandzela imigomo yekubhala kuteUmfundzi uyakwati kubhala tinhlobo labanye bawuvisise nabawufundza: letehlukene temibhalo leliciniso
Kusebentisa tinhlavu kwakha emagama nemishonalecatjangwako etizatfwini letinyenti lemifishane;
Kushiya tikhala emkhatsini wemagama;
Kukwati kubhala basuke ngasekuncele baye ngasekudla, basuke etulu baye phasi;
Kusebentisa luhlaka lwekubhala kute bakhone kubhala yabo imibhalo;
Kusebentisa timphawusisekelo tekubhala (sib: bofeleba, bongci, bokhefana).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucala kwakha silulumagama, nekucala kupela emagama kute afundvwe ngekuvisiswa ngulabanye:
Kusebentisa emagama labahlangene nawo etimphilweni tabo;
Kupela kahle emagama latayelekile;
Kutfutfukisa lwati lwabomsindvofana (sib: libele/libele, litsanga/litsanga);
Kwetama kupela emagama langakawetayeli ngekwemsindvo wawo (kulinga ngekupela);
Kutakhela silulumagama nesichazamagama;
Kusebentisa sichazamagama kutfola tinchazelo nendlela yekubhala emagama.
Kubhala ngendlela lelandzela luhlelo nemigomo yekubhala naletawuvisiswa ngulabanye:
Kubhala tinhlaka letitawuba sisekelo sekubhala imisho leyakha imibhalo lehlukene;
Kusebentisa tiphumuti letisisekelo (sib: feleba ekucaleni kwemusho nasemuva kwangci, umbuti emvakwembuto);
Kuchutjekwa nekusetjentiswa kwetiphumuti letehlukene fana netibabato nembuto;
Kusebentisa luhlaka lwekuteka indzaba (sib: kwesuka sukela, cosi cosi iyaphela);
Kusebentisa lwati lweluhlelo;
Kusebentisa lwati lolumisiwe lolungemaciniso (sib: tindlela tekubhaka/tekudla, emaeksperimenti).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa takhiwo teluhlelo nemigomo leyemukelekile yekubhala:
Kucala kuhlanganisa imisho kute yakhe tindzima;
Kusebentisa tiphumuti ngendlela lefanele, (feleba, ngci, likhefana, mabuta, sibabato);
Kusebentisa lwati lweluhlelo;
Kusebentisa takhiwo taleminye imibhalo njengesisekelo nesibonelo: sendlela yekubhala;
Kusebentisa indlela yekucocela;
Kusebentisa lwati jikelele netindlela tekwenta lokutsite (sib: emaresiphi, tindlela tekulinga kwenta lokutsite).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kutfutfukisa imicondvo:
Kukhombisa kutfutfuka kwelulwimi lwabo ekuvisiseni imicondvo lefana nalena: simo, umbala, sivinini, sikhatsi, umnyaka webudzala, kuhleleka kwetintfo ngekwenta loku lokulandzelako;
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa lulwimi lwemcondvo lwetinkhundla tekufundza letehlukene telibanga lakulo kulungiselela lasaya kulo.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa lulwimi ngekucabanga lokunengcondvo, timbangela nemiphumela;
Kuhlelembisa lwati (sib: Kuhlela tinhlobo letitsite tetilwane);
Kukhomba lokutsite kulokuphelele (sib: titfotemtimba, emacembe);
Kukhomba lokufanako nalokwehlukene asebentisa lulwimi lolutayelekile (sib: Machawe ufana naSiboniso, Andile akafanani naNomvuzo).
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuphenya nekutfola:
Kubuta imibuto, ufune tinchazelo;
Kuniketa tinchazelo netisombululo;
Kusebentisa buciko lobulula kutfola nekucopha imininingwane (sib: kwenta isaveyi yekutsi tingaki tilwimi letikhulunywako emacenjini lamancane);
Kusombulula ucedzele emaphazili.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kutfutfukisa imicondvo:
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa lulwimi lolusetjentiswa etinkhundleni tekufundza letehlukene, kulungiselela libanga lelilandzelako.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa lulwimi ekuhlelem-biseni nasekunomeni, ekuchazeni imbangela yalokutsite nemiphumela yalokutsite (sib: Make ulele ngobe uyagula, Nomvuzo ukhalela kudla);
Kusebentisa kucabanga lokusezingeni lelisetu-lu nelulwimi loluhlobene nako, kuhlanganisa, kusebentisa nekuhlola (sib: Ngicabanga, Ngiyamangala kutsi yini ...);
Kukhomba umehluko nekufana nekufana (sib: Siboniso ufana naMachawe, Buhle akafani naMinenhle) abuye ahlele tintfo;
Kucatsanisa tintfo.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuphenya nekutfola:
Kubuta imibuto afune tinchazelo, anikete tisombululo nalokunye lokungasetjentiswa;
Kusebentisa lwati ngemitfombo leyehlukene yekutfola lwati kukhetsa tintfo letikahle abuye anikete sizatfu saloku lakukhetsile;
Kusebentisa emasu lalula ekutfola nekucopha lwati (sib: Kuma-intaviyu, kumasaveyi, kutfungatsa elayibrari asitwa muntfu lomdzala).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kutfutfukisa imicondvo:
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa lulwimi kwetfula imifanekisomcondvo yaletinye tinkhundla tekufundza kulelizinga kulungisela lizinga lelitako.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa lulwimi kuveta imbangela nemphumela abuye anikete tincumo;
Kusebentisa kucabanga lokusezingeni lelisetu-lu nelulwimi loluhlobene nako, kuhlanganisa, kucombelela (sib: Ngicabanga kungahle ..., Uma ngabe ...);
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuchaza umehluko nekufana, kuhlatiya nekucatsanisa lwati (sib: Siboniso ufana naMachawe, Buhle akafani naMinenhle).
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuphenya nekutfola:
Kubuta imibuto kutfola kuchazeleka, afune kucaciselwa, anikete letinye tindlela tekusombulula (sib: uma ngenta loku, ngaloku -ke? Singatama).
Kwenta lucwaningo lolulula:
Kubuta imibuto letabasita ekuchazeni lokutsite, nekutfola lwati (sib: sidzinga lwati luni? Sidzingani? Singalutfolaphi lwati?);
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUCABANGA NEKUNOMA
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola nekuhlelembisa lwati, alusebentise ekufundzeni.
Kuhlelembisa lwati:
Kuhlela lwati ngemagrafu lalula (sib: emashadi, kulandzelana kwetikhatsi).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuhlela tinyatselo temsebenti lotsite, nekwaba umsebenti ngalokufanele (sib: yini ledzinga kwentiwa/futsi ngubani lotawenta ini);
Kusebentisa emasu lalula kutfola iminining wane: Kubuta imibuto lehambisana nesihloko, Kwenta ema-intaviyu nemasaveyi, Kufuna lwati elayibrari sib: ngekusitwa ngulabadzala nobe bangani labakhudlwana;
Kufinyeta lwati nekulwetfula ngendlela leyemukelekile nalehehako.
Kuhlelembisa lwati: Kuhlelembisa lwati:
Kukhetsa lwati lolutsite embhalweni bese
Kucopha nekuhlela lwati ngetindlelauyalusebentisa (sib: emagama emanani, letehlukene;emiphumeleni yelucwaningo);
Akhetse lwati ente emanothi:
Kuhlelembisa lwati ngendlela lesamagrafu Kwenta emabalave engcondvo;
sib: lishadi, igrafu. Kudvweba emathebula nemadayagramu, emashadi nemafloshadi;
Kuhlelembisa lwati ulubeke ngetihloko;
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuchaza kufanana nemehluko, ahlatiye, acatsanise lwati.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kukwati kuhlobanisa imisindvo kutinhlavu nemagama:
Kuhlukanisa emagama lakhulunywakolamalunganingi abe ngemalunga;
Kusebentisa imisindvo kufundza nekupela emagama.
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kwati kutsi ligama lelibhaliwe licalaphi, nekutsi ligcinaphi ashiye tikhala emkhatsini wemagama;
Kupela kahle emagama latayelekile;
Kwakha bunyenti ngemagama latayelekile;
Kukhombe nekusebentisa ticalo;
Kukhombisa tinciphiso;
Kugcogca emagama (sib: laneticalo letifanako);
Kusebentisa bofeleba emagameni ebantfu (sib: Machawe).
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kubhala imisho lelula (sib: Nomfundo upheka ligusha).
Kusebentisa timphawu - feleba ekucalenikwemusho nangci ekugcineni kwemusho;
Kusebentisa kahle emabito, tabito kanye nabondzaweni;
Kusebentisa kahle tikhatsi tesento.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kukwati kuhlobanisa imisindvo kutinhlavu nemagama:
Kusebentisa imisindvo kupela emagama langakatayeleki.
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kukhomba nekusebentisa ticalo netijobelelo letinyenti;
Kusebentisa tinciphiso;
Kupela kahle emagama langakatayeleki;
Kusebentisa sichazamagama kubona kubhaleka kweligama;
Kukhomba emagama lamcondvofana nalaphikisanako.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kuhlanganisa imisho lemibili lelula (emabinta) ngesihlanganiso (futsi na kepha) kwenta umusho lophelele (sib: Siboniso udle inyama kepha ayikapheli);
Kusebentisa indlela lephikako ngalokungiko (sib: Angeke ngikwente loko, angifuni kuya lapho);
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa emabito, tiphawu-lo, tabito netento;
Kusebentisa kahle tikhatsi tesento;
Kusebentisa tinhlobonhlobo temisho (imibuto, titatimende netibabato);
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kukwati kuhlobanisa imisindvo kutinhlavu nemagama:
Kusebentisa imisindvo kupela emagama lashubile.
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kusebentisa imitsetfo yekubhalwakwemagama kupela kahle;
Kusebentisa imitfombo leyehlukene kuhlola sipelingi;
Kusebentisa ticalo netijobelelo kwakha emagama;
Kukhomba nekusebentisa emagama lamcondvofana nalaphikisanako lamanyenti.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kukhomba inhloko, sento namentiwa emshweni;
Kusebentisa tihlanganiso kuveta imbangela nemphumela (sib: Angimtsandzi ngobe uyadzelela);
Kusebentisa tikhatsi tesento letishubile (sib: Ngangiyewusebenta eJozi);
Kusebentisa tinhlobonhlobo temisho (imibuto, titatimende nemiya);
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa kahle emabito, tiphawulo, tabito, tento, tandziso nabondzaweni;
Kusebentisa timphawu ngalokungiko (sib: 'chwishi' njengaku , kanye nesibabato).
UmPhumela WekuFundza 6 (Uyachubeka)
Umfundzi uyakwati kusebentisa imisindvo, emagama neluhlelo lwelulwimi kwakha nekuhumusha imibhalo
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kulandzelanisa umbhalo (sib: kusebentisa emaga-ma lafana na'futsi', 'kulandzela' nakateka indzaba).
Kukhuluma ngemibhalo (sib: tindzaba) asebentisa emagama lafana ne'sicalo', 'umtimba' ne'siphetfo'.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuchumana:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kukhombisa kuvelana emmangweni (sib: kubeka sicelo ngenhlonipho);
Kuntjintja livi nakuphinyiswa kuye ngenhloso.
Kutfutfukisa kwati lulwimi ngalokujulile
Sib: Kukwati kubona umehluko welulwimi lolusetjentiswa ekilasini (sib: ngesikhatsi setindzaba) nangesikhatsi adlala nebangani bese atfola kutsi kungani lulwimi loluhlukile lusetjentiswa etingcikitsini letehlukene.
Kusebentisa lulwimi
Sib: emagama lafana ne libito, bofeleba, ngci, sichazamagama.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kuhlanganisa imisho yente indzima;
Kulandzelanisa umbhalo ngekusebentisa emagama lafana na'kucala', 'landzelako', 'ekugcineni';
Kubona timphawu tetinhlobo temibhalo lehlukene (sib: indzaba, umyalo, lokutekwa kabusha).
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuchumana:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kukhombisa kuvelana emmangweni (sib: kucolisa).
Kutfutfukisa kwati lulwimi ngalokujulile:
Sib: Kuchaza emagama lasetjentiswa kakhulu kuchaza bafana nemantfombatane, imibala lehambelana nebafana nemantfombatane;
Kuchaza umphumela walolokuchaziwe nekutsi umuntfu kumele alusebentise lolulwimi nobe cha.
Kusebentisa lulwimi:
Sib: libito, sicalo, siphawulo, sabito, sento, sandziso, likhefana, umbuti nendzima.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kuhlanganisa imisho yente tindzima, abe abuke kusebentisa kahle tikhatsi tesento.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuchumana:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kukhombisa kuvelana emmangweni (sib: kucolisa).
Kutfutfukisa kwati lulwimi ngalokujulile:
Sib: Kutfola indlela likilasi lelisebentisa ngayo lulwimisigodzi, nekutsi balusebentisa njani nabani futsi.
Kusebentisa lulwimi:
Sib: Inhloko, sento sicalo, mentiwa, umbuti, sitatimende, umyalo, sihlanganiso, sifaniso, bomcondvofana, emagama laphikisanako, sibabati.
SEHLUKO 3SIGABA LESISEMKHATSINI(EMABANGA 4-6)
SINGENISO
KulesiGaba lesisemKhatsini bafundzi basuke sebasondzele ekutfombeni. Ababambeki, banemdlandla bavame kutsi bangahlaliseki, bafakwa umoya bangani abatetsembi kahle. Batinaka bona futsi bafuna kwati kutsi babobani nekutsi bafuna kuba yini. Tindzaba letitsintsa bubona tiba nguletibaluleke kakhulu, futsi kubalulekile kwati budlelwane phakatsi kwelulwimi nebubona kulelive letfu lelibulwimilwimi nemasiko lamanyenti. Letinye tetimphawu tebafundzi balesiGaba ngunati:
Bayavela kuloko labakwenta kulabanye.
Bacala kucabangela tidzingo, tifiso nemibono yalabanye.
Bacala kusebenta ngelubambiswano nangekukhululeka emisebentini yemacembu.
Bacala kutfokotela inselele yekutentela imisebenti ngaphandle kwelusito.
Baveta sifiso sekutilawulela kufundza kwabo.
Balandzela tindlela letisite netinchubo letihlelekile ekwenteni lokutsite.
Bayakwati kutfola, kucopha babuye balawule lwati.
Bayadlondlobala ngekukwati kuphenya, kucatsanisa nekuhlola ngeliso lelibanti.
Lokugcilwe kuko
Kulesigaba, bafundzi bayahlanganisa bachubele embili emakhono abo elwati, bakhe kutetsemba kwabo nekwati kahle basebentise lulwimi ngekukhuluma. Umsebenti wekharikhulamu lenebudlelwano (cross-curricular) utawuba nguwona ubaluleke kakhulu kumisebenti yekufundza.
Imibhalo lenhlobonhlobo
Bafundzi batawusebenta ngemibhalo lefaka lokunyenti kwengca esiGabeni saboKhewane. Lulwimi nalokucuketfwe kutawuba kudze futsi kushube. Kutawungenisa bafundzi kutembhalo yemlomo nalebhaliwe nasetindzabeni tenhlalo netendzawo.
Tinhlelo tekufundza letiyinhlanganisela
Kusita kucacisa emacophelo ekuhlola, umphumela ngamunye unelikhono noma emakhono lehlukile lokunguwo ubukene nawo ngco (kulalela, kukhuluma, kufundza, kuhlola, kubhala, kucabanga nekunoma). Nome kunjalo, etinhlelweni tekufundza loku kumele kuvele kuyincenye yetingcikitsi emisebentini yekufundzisa leyinhlanganisela kube kunenjongo lecacile kuphindze kunekuhambisana.
Lokucuketfwe lokubanti kuphindze kunhlobonhlobo
Lokucuketfwe kufanele kutsatfwe etinfweni letinyenti letehlukene, leteyeme etidzingweni temfundzi ngamunye kanye nasetindzabeni letehlukene tenhlalo. Kufanele kwente umtamo wekufaka tintfo letiyinkinga eveni lonkhe njengebuphuya, iHIV/AIDS nebugebengu. Akufanele kutsi kutsatfwe njengalokucuketfwe nje ngulemibhalo, kepha njengencenye lecashelwe ngalelibukhali kulomshikashika wekufundza. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungafaka bafundzi ekucinisekiseni kwekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ubente batfutfukise emakhono abo ngalokujulile, sibonelo:
kufundza kutsi imibhalo ibagucula kanjani bafundzi kutsi babuke tintfo ngendlela letsite;
kufuna kwati kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi.
Ngalenchubo, bafundzisi nebafundzi :
batawuzuza imiphumela jikelele naletfutfukisako, babuye; babuye balungisele imisebenti leshubile nemacophelo ekuhlola lasebentisanako esigabeni. lesiphakeme.
IMIPHUMELA YEKUFUNDZA
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela
Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati, kutitfokotisa abe sewuphawula ngalokufanele nangalokujulile etimeni letinengi letehlukene.
Likhono lemfundzi lekulalela liyalolongwa kute akhone kulalela lokukhulunywako lokweluliwe, (lokuhleliwe nalokungakahleleki) ngetinhloso letehlukene.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma
Umfundzi utawuchumana ngemphumelelo nangekutetsemba nakufanele asebentise lulwimi etimeni letinengi letehlukene.
Simo setintfo siyagucugucuka njengobe tintfo tiya ngekuntjintja nangekushuba kutekutetsemba nakutinselele temphumelelo ekukhulumeni. Batawuchubeka nekutfutfukisa emakhono ekuchumana kute bafundzi babe nekusheshe bavele nakukhulunywa ngekwehlukahlukana kwemasiko batsatse njengeligugu indzaba yekuba bulwimilwimi.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekwehlwaya
Bafundzi batawufundza bahlole imibhalo kutfola lwati, nekutitfokotisa bananele ngekucophelela buhle bemagugu emiva kanye newemasiko kulemibhalo.
Kufundza kabanti ngemibhalo lengemaciniso nalesuselwa enhloko yaseNingizimu Afrika neyemave emhlaba jikelele kubaluleke kabi ekutfutfukiseni imiva, bunguye bakhe umntfwana, lulwimi, lwati ekuvisiseni emagugu kanye nekutitfokotisa kwakhe umntfwana.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala
Umfundzi utawubhala tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo lengemaciniso nalesuselwe enhloko kufeza tinhloso letinengi naletehlukahlukene.
Bayachubeka batfutfukise emakhono abo ekubhalela tinhloso letinyenti kanye nebalaleli labafundza bemukele labakubhalile. Bacala kutfutfukisa baphindze bahlele imibono ngendlela lefanele ngekwemibhalo lengemaciniso kanye nalesuselwa enhloko ngekulandzela tinyatselo letingito kulenchubo yekubhala.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni ekunomeni, ekutfoleni nasekuhlelembiseni lwati, alusebentise ekufundzeni.
Kuba nemakhono latfutfuke kancono lafaka ekhatsi 'kucabanga ngekutsi bacabanga njani' (metacognition) nelikhono lekwati lekunguto tintfo tibaluleke kabi ekwenteni umsebenti wekufundza ikharikhulamu lenetinhlelo letisebentisanako kanye nasemphumelelweni yemfundvo. Bafanele bafundziswe ngendlela leyinhlanganisela emisebentini lenetimo tekucatulula tinkinga kepha lenenjongo lecacile kanye nalenemsebenti. Kulesigaba lesi-landzelako sendlala emaCophelo ekuHlola emPhumela wekuFundza ngamunye ebangeni ngalinye. Sibuye sinikete tibonelo letingasetjentiswa ekufundzeni lulwimi ngekwenhlanganisela.
Umfundzi ukwati kusebentisa imisindvo, emagama neluhlelo lwelulwimi kutsi akhe aphindze ahumushe atfole lokushiwo mibhalo.
Bafundzi batawutfola kutsi lulwimi lusebenta njani baphindze batfutfukise lulwimi labalusebentisa nalabanye ekukhulumeni (a 'metalanguage') kute bakwati kuhlola ngeliso lelibukhali imibhalo yabo kanye naleminye babe babuka inchazelo, kuba nemsebenti kanye nekufaneleka kwayo. Batawuphindze bakwati kusebentisa lolwati kwetama kwenta tintfo letinsha ngelulwimi, kwakha umcondvo (kusuka esigabeni seligama nesemusho kuye kuleso sembhalo wonkhe) babone nekutsi umbhalo uhambelana kanjani nengcikitsi yawo. Batawubona kutsi lul-wimi lugucuka kanjani ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi nasemkhatsini wemasiko lahlukene nekutsi lugucuka kanjani etimeni letehlukene.
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO EMABANGA 4-6
Etigabeni letilangendzelako, emaCophelo ekuHlola alowo nalowo mphumela atawuniketwa (atawetfulwa) ngelibanga ngelibanga. Ekucaleni kwalelo nalelo banga kutawuniketwa tibonelo temibhalo lengasetjentiswa ekufundziseni lulwimi ngendlela lecubile. Leti akusito todvwa tibonelo letingabakhona, ungengeta ngaletinye tibonelo letifanele emibhalweni lekhona.
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO EMABANGA 4-6
LiBanga 4
Imibhalo lephakanyiswako
Kwemlomo:
Tingcoco
Tinkhulumo
Tinkondlo
Tilandzelo letetayelekile
Tinganekwane (sib: Tinganekosilwane, ematekelo, tindzaba)
Imibiko ngetigameko
Emahlaya, tiphicaphicwano, imidlalo ngemagama
Imibiko ngesimo selitulu
Ingcocoluphenyo
Tinkhulumo letimfisha
Tingoma
Imiyalo yenchubo (sib: yemdlalo)
Tinkhomba
Lokubhalwako/Lokubonwako:
Tinkondlo
Tindzaba
Imibiko (sib: yesayensi, yesimo selitulu, yetingoti, yemidlalo)
Lokutekwako (sib: tinganekosilwane, ematekelo, tindzaba)
Tinchubo (sib: emaresiphi, imiyalo)
Emakhomiki/tabopopayi
Tincwadzi (netaletinye tiNkhundla tekuFundza)
Emadayari
Imidvwebo
Imitfombo yelwati (sib: imicululwati, ema-ensayiklophidiya)
Emashadi (sib. emafloshadi)
Emabalave emibono
Emabalave
Tinhlobonhlobo tekusakata:
Imidlalo yebantfwana yamabonakudze
Tikhangisi tethelevishini
Emakhathuni ethelevishini
Imidlalo bukhoma
Tikhangisi
LiBanga 5
Kwemlomo:
Tinkhulumo
Tinhlelo temsakato
Tinkondlo temdzabu (sib: tibongo, emabhaladi)
Tinganekwane (sib: tindzaba, tinganekosilwane, tinganeko, ematekelo)
Imiyalo
Tinkhomba
Tindzaba temaphephandzaba
Tilandzelo temidlalo
Imibiko - yesimo selitulu, yemidlalo
Tinkhulumo-mphikiswano
Umculo
Timphikiswano
Imilayeto
Imidlalo
Emahlaya, netindzatjana letimfishane letihlekisako ngesigameko nome umuntfu lowake waphila
Lokubhalwako/Lokubonwako:
Tinkondlo
Tinganekwane (sib: tindzaba, tinganekosilwane, tinganeko, ematekelo)
Tindzatjana/Ema-eseyi (sib: yekuphikisana)
Emahlaya
Emadayari
Emajenali
Imiyalo yenchubo (sib: iresiphi)
Emaphosta (sib: umlayeto wetendzawo noma temphilo)
Tinchubo (sib: imiyalo, emaresiphi)
Imibiko yeluhlolo lwetincwadzi
Umtfombo welwati (sib: tichazamagama, ema-ensaklophidiya)
Titfombe
Emagrafu nemaphayishadi
Emathebuli
Libalave lemibono lecatjangwako
Imidvwebo
Tinhlobonhlobo temisakato:
Imidlalo yabomabonakudze
Emafilimu
Emakhathuni
Kwetfula buciko bukhoma
Kubukisa ngebuciko
LiBanga 6
Kwemlomo:
Tingcoco
Imihlangano
Tinkhulumo-mphikiswano
Tindzaba
Imidlalo yemsakato (sib: emakhomedi)
Tindzaba temsakato
Imiyalo
Tinkhomba
Tinchazelo
Tinkondlo temdzabu (sib: kuhaya tibongo)
Tindzaba letingemahlaya
Kubonisana
Lokubhalwako/Lokubonwako:
Imilandvomphilo
Tindzabamlandvo
Tindzaba letimfishane
Imidlalo lemifishane
Tinkondlo
Imibiko (sib: bugebengu, tingoti, imidlalo)
Imicululwati
Tindzaba temaphephandzaba netemaphephabhuku (sib: liphephabhuku lesikolo)
Tinchubo (sib: emaresiphi, imiyalo)
Umtfombo welwati (sib: tichazamagama, ema-ensaklophidiya)
Tikhangisi
Tincwadzi tesikolo (tetiNkhundla tekuFundza letinye)
Emagrafu - tinhlobo letehlukene
Emathebuli
Emashadi
Imidvwebo
Emabalave
Tinhlobonhlobo temisakato:
Emafilimu
Imicululwati
Emakhathuni
Emakhomikhi
Imibukiso yethelevishini
Tikhangisi tethelevishini
Kwetfula bukhoma
Imibukiso
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
KULALELA Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati, kutitfokotisa kuphawula ngalokufanele nangalokujulile etimeni letinengi letehlukene Si yakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Kujabulela kulalela tinhlobo letehlukene kutemibhalo yemlomo abuye ananele ngalokufanele (sib: tindzaba, tinganekosilwane, imibiko lemifishane).
Kucoca ngemnyombo wendzaba nemininingwane let-site yalombhalo bese utibuka ngekutichatsanisa neyakhe imphilo.
Kucoca ngendlela sikhulumi besisebentisa ngayo emagama nemabintana kanye nelulwimi lwetitfo temtimba nekutsi loko kube namiphi imiphumela kumlaleli. (sib: utive unjani ngemuva kwekulalela lesikhulumi? Yini layishito nome layentile lekwente wativa ngaleyo ndlela?).
Kucoca ngekutsi liphimbo lesikhulumi kanye nekukhetsa emagama kwaso kugucuka kanjani ngekubuka tinhloso nebalaleli labahlosiwe ngalenkhulumo.
Kukhuluma ngemisindvo nangetitfombemagama telulwimi abuye aphawule ngemtselela lokunawo loku kubalaleli.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kujabulela kulalela tinhlobo letehlukene kutemibhalo yemlomo abuye ananele ngalokufanele. Imibhalo lefana netindzaba, tinganekosilwane, tilandzelo letihutjwako emahlaya netiphicwaphicwano nemidlalo lemifishane.
Kutfola umlayeto netingcikitsi letimcoka kumib-halo yemlomo bese utibuka ngekutichatsanisa nemphilo yemihla.
Kutfola timphawu temibhalo yemlomo ( sakhiwo, lulwimi, liphimbo, irijista njll.) lokwenta tifaneleke etinhlosweni nakubalaleli labahlosiwe.
Kucoca ngekutsi lulwimi lusetjentiswe kanjani kwakha simo lesitsite.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kujabulela kulalela nekunanele ngalokujulile etinhlotjeni letehlukene temibhalo yemlomo (sib: tindzaba, ematekelo, tinkondlo, imidlalo, tinkhulumomphikiswano netinkhulumo).
Kutfola tingcikitsi abute imibuto abuye atibuke ngekutichatsanisa neyakhe imphilo.
Kutfola abuye acoce ngetimphawu letimcoka letifana nemnyombo wendzaba, kunyakata kwetitfo temtimba wesikhulumi, lokucuketfwe, irijista kanye nekukhetfwa kwemagama.
Kucoca ngekutsi kumtsintsa njani lolalele loku nekutsi kubangelwa yini:
kucoca kutsi letimphawu tingagucuka njani ngekubuka tinhloso nebalaleli labahlosiwe ngalenkhulumo;
kucoca ngekutsi letimphawu tibabeka kuphi sikhulumi nemlaleli (ngekwebuphatsimandla, kwemandla, kwendlela yekubuka balingisi);
Kutfola nekucoca ngekutsi bantfu labanemcondvo munye wekubuka tintfo bakhi-wa kanjani kanye nemtselela wabo kumlaleli (sib: livetwa kanjani lichawe lendzaba? Ngabe loko kukwenta ulivele kanjani lelichawe? Ngabe bantfu bahlala banjena yini emphilweni cobo).
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1 (Uyachubeka)
KULALELA
Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati, kutitfokotisa kuphawula ngalokufanele nangalokujulile etimeni letinengi letehlukene
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kulalela imininingwane etinhlotjeni letehlukene temibhalo lefana nemibiko sibiketelo selitulu, timemetelo tasesikolweni ema-intaviyu. Akhone kuco-ca ngemibono nome imininingwane letsite abuye enanele ngalokufanele.
Kwenta lalayelwe kona aphindze alandzele tinkhomba.
Kulalela ngemdlandla tingcoco kanye netincociswano kukhombisa kuhlonipha kanye nekuvelana neluvo lwalabanye aphindze akhombise kujabulela tindlela lababuka ngato tintfo talabanye.
Kucoca ngetindlela tekubuka inhlaliswano, tekutiphat-sa, temagugu emasiko emibhalweni yebuciko bemlomo (sib: ngabe imindeni yakhiwe ngekuba namake babe nebantfwana kuphela? Tikhona yini letinye tinhlobo temindeni?).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kulalela imininingwane etinhlotjeni letehlukene temibhalo yelwati (lefana netinkhomba, imiyalo, tinkhulumo, tinkhulumo temibukiso yemsakato, imicululwati yethelevishini) acaphele imibono lemcoka nemininingwane letsite abuye asebentise lwati ngalokufanele.
Kulalela ngemdlandla anake letinye tindlela tekubuka tintfo aphindze ananele ngekucophelela kumibono netincomo.
Kucoca ngetindlela tekubuka tenhlalo, tekutiphat-sa, temagugu emasiko, tindlela tekubuka imphilo kanye nekutsatsa ngekutsi kumibhalo yemlomo abuye aphamule ngalokufakiwe nalokungakafak-wa (sib: ngabe kutiphatsa lokukulendzaba kulicin-iso kuto tonkhe timo yini? Ngutiphi timo tetintfo letingekho kulendzaba?).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuphawula ngemisindvo nangetitfombemagama telulwimi (letifana nesigci, imphindza, sifanamsindvo, sifanamcondvo, kuchatsanisa).
Kulalela imininingwane etinhlotjeni letehlukene temibhalo yemlomo (tinkhulumo-mphikiswano, tinchazelo, imibiko, imicululwati, abutsetela imibono lemcoka abuye acaphele imininingwane letsite).
Kulalela ngemdlandla nangekuncinela, emukele imibono lephikisana neyakhe abuye enanele ngalokufanele kulokukhulunywa ngako.
Kucoca ngendlela lekuvela ngayo tenhlaliswano, tekutiphatsa, temagugu emasiko emibhalweni leyehlukene (sib: ngabe kukhona kuveta kubuka tintfo ngelicala linye?).
KUKHULUMA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Umfundzi utawuchumana ngemphumelelo nangekutetsemba Kuchumana ngalakubone emphilweni, imibono kanye asebentise ngemphumelelo lulwimi nelwati etimeni letehlukene ngetinhloso letehlukene lolukhulunywako etimeni letinengi kanye nebalaleli labehlukene: letehlukene.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kalula kuchumana nalabanye labalusebentisa malanga onkhe;
Kusebentisa lulwimi kutetfula ngalokwakhako nekucabanga (sib: kucoca indzaba, kuhaya inkond-lo Kulingisa timo letetayelekile);
Kukhumbula nekuchaza kulandzelana kwetigigaba/tehlakalo;
Kukhombisa nome kulayela umuntfu;
Kubuta nekuphendvula imibuto;
Kucocisana achatsanise imibono yakhe neyalabanye.
Kulandzela imitsetfo lekuvunyelwane ngayo emsebentini welicembu, sibonelo:
kunikana ematfuba ekukhuluma;
Kugcila esihlokweni lesitsite;
Kubuta imibuto lephatselene nesihloko;
Kuchuba inkhulumiswano;
Kuphawula ngemibono yalabanye ngeluvelo nangenhlonipho;
Kuniketa umbono losimeme nalowakhako;
Kukhombisa inhlonipho kulabanye labasecenjini;
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuchumana ngalakubone emphilweni, ngemibono kanye nelwati etimeni letehlukene letinetinselele ngetinhloso letehlukene kanye nebalaleli labehlukene.
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngalokunekucabanga kuchumana nalabanye labalusebentisa malan-ga onkhe (sib: kudvumisa imitamo yalotsite, kuphikisana nalotsite);
Kusebentisa lulwimi kutetfula ngalokwakhako nekucabanga (sib: kuveta luvo nemicabango, kwetfula umdlalo);
Kunikana imibono ngetihloko/tehlakalo letingaketayeleki ngekusebentisa kucombelela nekubuka kutsi mhlawumbe kungentekani;
Kuchaza tigigaba, kulandzelana kwetigigaba/tehlakalo, kunika nome kulayela imiyalo ngendlela levakalako;
Kubuta imibuto lejulile lengafuni kuphendvul-wa ngemphendvulo lesebaleni abuye akhone kunanela ngalokukhomba kutsi ucabangile;
Kucoca akhone kuvikela imibono yakhengetizatfu letiphilako.
Kulandzela imitsetfo lekuvunyelwane ngayo emsebentini welicembu, sibonelo:
Kunikana ematfuba ekukhuluma, kugcila esihlokweni, abute imibuto lehambelana nesihloko, kuchuba inkhulumiswano, kuphawula ngemibono yalabanye ngeluvelo nangenhlonipho;
Kuniketa kuphawula lokunemsoco nalokwakhako;
Kusebentisa emakhono eliphimbo nekunyakata kwebuso lokufanele;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuchumana ngalakubone emphilweni, ngemibono kanye nelwati lokushubile etimeni letehlukene letinetinselele ngetinhloso letehlukene kanye nebalaleli labehlukene:
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngalokunekucabanga kuchumana nalabanye avete luvo lolungekhatsi kuye (sib: kukhuluma ngekutsintseka kwemoya kanye netifiso);
Kusebentisa lulwimi kutetfula ngalokwakhako nekucabanga (sib: tinkondlo, luvo lwakhe ngemculo);
Kunikana imibono ngetihloko/tehlakalo letishubile ngendlela lenekulandzeleka lenekubumbana nakuhleleka (sib: kwetfula ngemaphosta, tinkhulumo-mphikiswano);
Kubuta abuye ananele imibuto lejulile lengafu-ni kuphendvulwa ngemphendvulo lesebaleni abuye akhone kunanela ngalokukhomba kuca-banga;
Kukwati kutfutfukisa emaciniso netizatfu letinetisako letitawukwati kuvikela imibono yakhe.
Kulandzela imitsetfo lekuvunyelwane ngayo ekusebentisaneni njengelicembu:
Kulandzela tinchubo letifanele tekusebenti-sana lokungiko ecenjini;
Kuniketa kuphawula lokunemsoco nalokwakhako;
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUKHULUMA
Kusebentisa emakhono ekunyakata kwemtimbaUmfundzi utawuchumana lokufanele;ngemphumelelo nangekutetsemba
Kubukana kweticu temehlo anciphise kwehlaasebentise ngemphumelelo lulwimi enyuka;lolukhulunywako etimeni letinengi
Kusebentisa iminyakato lefanele letfulwa ngetitfoletehlukene. temtimba;
Kusebentisa livi leliphakeme ngalokufanele akhulume angasheshisi.
Kusebentisa emagama netakhiwo etinhlosweni letehlukene nakubalaleli labehlukene:
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolunekuzotsa lesifanele (irijista) etimeni letehlukene (liphimbo, kukhetsa emagama, indlela, lulwimi lwemtimba);
Kusebentisa lulwimi emisebentini leyehlukene yenhlalo (sib: kucolisa, kucela, kubonga, kwesekela);
Kugagula ngeligama etame kugwema kusebentisa lulwimi budlabha nome ngalokubandlululako.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa livi leliphakeme ngalokufanele akhulume angasheshisi;
Kukhombisa kunaka emalungelo neluvo lwalabanye ngesikhatsi sekusebenta ecenjini.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lwemtimba lolufanele, nemasu ekwetfula langiwo:
Kuyalukisa emehlo ngendlela yekungenisa labalalele ngebunyenti;
Kusebentisa liphimbo lelifanele kanyenekutjengisa ngebuso;
Alungisa kushesha kwenkhulumo nekuphakama kwelivi uma agcizelela lokutsite;
Uhambe ema lapho kufanele khona antjintje sivinini senkhulumo ngekubuka tidzingo tebalaleli.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolunesizotsa lesifanele etimeni letehlukene nakubalaleli labehlukene:
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolufanele (irijista)etimeni letingaketayeleki kakhulu;
Kusebentisa takhiwo teluhlelo lwelulwimi netaga letifanele leso simo;
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngekucaphela kwetfula timo temoya leticakile kepha letetayelekile letifana nekutfukutsela, kuphelelwa sineke, kudvumisa;
Kubona inkhulumo lebandlululako abukane nenselele yayo.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kukhombisa kunaka emalungelo neluvo kumehluko lokhona emasikweni nakumiphakatsi lehlukene. (sib: akhone kutsatsela etulu nekusondzeta tilwimi ngekwehluka kwato lokubanti, lwati lwasemphilweni);
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngekukhetsa emagama etimeni letingagcina setiletse kungcundzana.
Kusebentisa emakhono ekwetfula elulwimi kanye newelulwimi lwemtimba lolufanele nemasu ekwetfula langiwo:
Kungafulatseli umkhambatsi lolalele;
Kusebentisa kushesha kwelivi, umgcumo nekuhlaba kweliphimbo kute kube nekugcizelela lakushoko;
Kuhlolisisa emakhono akhe ekwetfula bese wetama kuwenta abe ncono ngekunaka tiyela letibonakele.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolunesizotsa lesifanele etimeni letehlukene nakubalaleli labahlukene:
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolufanele (irijista)etimeni letingaketayeleki letinenseleleaphindze akhombise kutsi uyawubonaumehluko lokhona webalaleli;
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngekucaphela kwetfula timo temoya leticakile kepha letetayelekile letifana nekubonisa nome kuncenga umuntfu, kuphikisana naye, kumkhutsata nekutifaka naye kulesimo;
Kuveta tincomo letingasetjentiswa esikhundlenli selellwimi loluband lululako.
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Bafundzi batawufundza bahlole imibhalo kutfola lwati, nekutitfokotisa Kufundza iMibhalo leyehlukahlukene yeNingizimu bananele ngekucophelela buhle Afrika kanye neyemave ngemave lecanjwe ngenhloko bemagugu eluvo kanye newemasiko fiction naleyo lengasuselwa inhloko non-fiction kulemibhalo. bafundzele tinjongo letehlukene sib: tinkondlo, tindzaba, tinganeko, emabhrosha brochures tinc-wadzi telwati:
Kufundza ngekutetsemba asebentisa tinhlobonhlobo temasu ekufundza newekucondza lokufanele entela tinjongo letehlukile;
Kugijimisa emehlo kute atfole umcondvo jikelele;
Afundzele kutfola lokutsite embhalweni;
Kuhlola likhasi lalokucuketfwe, letihloko, i-indeksi yalokushiwo jikelele;
Kucombelela lokutawenteka, kusebentisa tinkhom-ba letikulendzaba kutfola umcondvo lowetfulwako akhone nekubuka phambili;
Kufundza aphimisele kucace kuphindze kwetfule luvo lolukhona endzabeni.
Kuhlola nekuphawula ngemibhalo lenhlobonhlobo lebonwako nalenhlobonhlobo tekusakata ngetinjongo letehlukene (sib: titfombe, emaphosta, emakhathuni uma kutfolakala kanye nema-CD roms.).
Kucwaninga umlayeto;
Kutfola acoce ngemasu ekudvweba lafana nem-bala, kukhetsa imidvwebo, luhlobo nebukhulu bet-inhlavu tekubhala, timphawu, kwendlalwa. Nekutsi awutsintsa kanjani umlayeto lowetfulwako.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kufundza iMibhalo leyehlukahlukene yeNingizimu Afrika kanye neyemave ngemave lecanjwe ngenhloko (fiction) naleyo lengasuselwa inhloko (non-fiction) bafundzele tinjongo letehlukene (sib: tinkondlo, imibiko yeluhlatiyo, emanoveli lamafisha, emaphephakwatisa (newsletters) tincwadzi telwati njll.):
Kufundza ngekutetsemba akhetse emasu ekufundza newekucondza lokufanele entela letinjongo;
Kugijimisa emehlo kute atfole umcondvo jikelele;
Afundzele kutfola lokutsite embhalweni;
Kuhlola likhasi lalokucuketfwe, letihloko, iindeksi;
Kusebentisa lwati lwaphambilini netinkhomba letikulendzaba kutfola umcondvo lowetful-wako akhone nekubuka phambili;
Kucombelela lokutawumumatfwa nomelokutawuba siphetfo sendzaba;
Wakha emabalave endzaba nome abhale emaphuzu lamcoka kute alandzele kuva indzaba;
Kufundza aphimisele ngalokucacile ahle alungisa sivinini sakhe sekufundza kuye ngen-jongo nangeluhlobo lwebalaleli.
Kuhlola nekuphawula ngemibhalo lenhlobonhlobo lebonwako nalenhlobonhlobo tekusakata ngetinjongo letehlukene (sib: tikhangiso, emavidiyo/emafilimu, imidlalo yeTV uma kutfolakala kanye nemakhompuyutha nema-CD roms):
Kucwaninga umlayeto;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kufundza nekwenanela kuMibhalo leyehlukahlukene yeNingizimu Afrika kanye neyemave ngemave lecanjwe ngenhloko (fiction) naleyo lengasuselwa inhloko (non-fiction) bafundzele tinjongo letehlukene (sib. emajenali bunkondlo, emanoveli lamafisha, tindzaba letimfishane, liphephandzaba tincwadzi telwati njll.);
Kufundza ngekuphumisela livi kanye nangekufundza ngenhlitiyo, kulungisa emasu ekufundza ahambisane nenjongo nebalaleli lokubhekiswe kubo;
Kusebentisa emasu lafanele ekufundza nekubutsa lwati (sib: kugijimisa emehlo, kuku-fundzela kutfola lokutsite embhalweni kucombelela, tinkhomba talokwentekako endz-abeni, kususela etizatfwini letitsite, kwelusa kungena kwelwati engcondvweni).
Kuhlola nekuphawula ngemibhalo lenhlobonhlobo lebonwako nalenhlobonhlobo yetekusakata ngetinjongo letehlukene (titfombe, ithelevishini, imidlalo, imicululwati, i-intanethi kanye nema-CD roms uma atfolakala.):
Kucwaninga nekucoca ngemlayeto lowetfulwako;
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3 (Uyachubeka)
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA
Bafundzi batawufundza bahlole imibhalo kutfola lwati, nekutitfokotisa bananele ngekucophelela buhle bemagugu eluvo kanye newemasiko kulemibhalo.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuchaza luvo mayelana nembhalo (ingemaciniso nome kwakhiwe, lokubonwako nome tinhlobo letehlukene tekusakata) anikete tizatfu.
Kucoca ngekukhetfwa kwelulwimi kanye nekutsi ngabe timphawu temdvwebo timgucula njani umfundzi.
Kukhombisa kuvisisa acoce ngetinhlangotsi letitsite tembhalo, letifana nemcondvo longumgogodla, balingisi, sibekandzaba nesakhiwo emibhalweni lecanjiwe.
Ukhona kubona kwakha tizatfu talokwenteka kulendzaba.
Kuvisisa silulumagama kucoca ngekukhetfwa kwemagama, kwemifanekisomcondvo, kanye nemsebenti wemisindvo enkondlweni, emibhalweni lenhlobonhlobo yekusakata (sib: sigci, imvumelwano, sifanamsindvo, emagama titfombe, emahlaya).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucwaninga umlayeto lowetfulwako;
Kutfola acoce ngemasu ekudvweba lafana nembala, kukhetsa imidvwebo, luhlobo nebukhulu betinhlavu tekubhala, timphawu, kwendlalwa.
Kuchaza ahlatiye luvo loluvuswa ngulombhalo.
Kucoca ngekutsi babhali nabosobuciko babuveta kanjani buhlobo nebafundzi labababhalelako ngetindlela letehlukene nekutsi bayiveta kanjani imibono leyehlukene yemhlaba ngekusebentisa lulwimi kanye netimphawu letibonwako.
Kukhombisa kuvisisa indzaba leyakhiwe isuselwa enhloko:
Kucoca ngemcondvo longumgogodla, sakhiwo, umoya nome simo lesisendzabeni nebalingisi;
Kukhona kubona kuhlobana kwesakhiwo sendzaba nebalingisi;
Kucoca ngetingcikitsi kanye nangetindzaba bese uniketa nangemibono ngalokunetizatfu.
Kuvisisa silulumagama kucoca ngekutsi babhali balusebentise njani lulwimi kute baphumelele ekwakheni (tifaniso, sigci kanye nesifutamsindvo).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kutfola acoce ngemasu lafana newekukhany-isa newekulawula imisindvo, kukhetfwa kwemifanekiso, licala lekuma kwekhamera, kubunjwa kanye nedizayini, temidvwebo lefanele kanye neligalelo lokuba nalo konkhe loku kubabukeli.
Kuchaza kuhlatiywa luvo jikelele loluvuswa ngulombhalo ngekunika tizatfu letisekelwe lwati lwasemphilweni.
Kucoca ngekutsi babhali, bosobuciko, bacambi bemidvwebo lefanele, batsebulititfombe batakha kanjani tindlela letitsite tekubuka temhlaba, babeke lowemukela buciko babo etindzaweni letehlukene.
Kukhombisa kuvisisa umbhalo, budlelwano bawo netimphilo tabo injongo yawo kanye nekutsi usebenta njani:
Kuchaza tingcikitsi, sakhiwo, sibekandzaba nekuvetwa kwebalingisi;
Kucoca indlela umbhali labuka ngayo tintfo, kutsi wakhiwa njani umcondvo kanye nendlela lokubekwa ngayo umfundzi wembhalo (sib: ngabe umbhali uyiteka lendzaba njengemuntfu lobukele indzaba yenteka nome njengalongekhatsi kulokwenteka kulendzaba? Unaluphi luvelo ngebalingisi labamcoka balendzaba? Yini layentako umbhali kute ube neluvo lwaloluhlobo).
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA Kubona takhiwo letehlukene, kusetjentiswa kwelulwi-Bafundzi batawufundza bahlole mi, injongo kanye nalokubhekiswe kubo ngemibhaloimibhalo kutfola lwati, nekutitfokotisa lenhlobonhlobo:bananele ngekucophelela buhle
Kubona tinhloso letehlukene temibhalo (sib:bemagugu eluvo kanye newemasiko tinkhulumo, tindzaba, tinkondlo tikhangiso);kulemibhalo.
Kutfola lizinga lekuhleleka kwemibhalo;
Kutfola kutsi lulwimi nerijista (silinganiso sekuba semtsetfweni) kutsi tehlukana kanjani kuye ngenjongo lehlosiwe kanye nalabo lokucondvwe bona;
Kukhomba lulwimi lolusetjentiswa emibhalweni lehlukene(sib: inkhulumo lecondzile etinganekwa-neni, kulandzelana kwemagama etinchubeni, inkhu-lumo lengacondzi ngco emibikweni njll).
Kubona nekucocisana ngemagugu emibhalweni ngekuhambelana nemasiko netenhlalakahle, temvelo kanye netekutiphatsa (sib: kutiphatsa lokusendzabeni nekufaneleka etimeni letehlukene temphilo, tindzaba tekwenta kahle kanye nekulinganisa etimeni letehlukene nakubalingisi njll).
Kuvisisa nekunanela ngalokufanele kumibhalo yelwati:
Kutfola umlayeto lomkhulu kanye naleyo lesekelako;
Kufundzela kutfola imininingwane letsite;-emibhalweni njengembiko wesimo selitulu, luhlelo lwekuhamba lwebhasi, emabalave njll;
Kulandzela imiyalo netinkhomba letifishane letibhalwe phasi.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubona takhiwo letehlukene, kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi, injongo kanye nalokubhekiswe kubo ngemibhalo lenhlobonhlobo:
Kubona indlela imibhalo lehlukene lehlanganiswe ngayo (sib: tinganekwane, tincwadzi (letters) imibiko yeluhlatiyo lwencwadzi);
Kutfola tinjongo letehlukene temibhalo abuye ahlolisise kutsi lulwimi nerijista (silinganiso sekuba semtsetfweni) kwehlukana kanjani kuye ngenjongo lehlosiwe kanye nalabo lokucondvwe bona.
Kukhomba lulwimi lolusetjentisiwa emibhalweni lehlukene (sib: inkhulumo lecondzile etinganekwaneni, kulandzelana kwemagama etinchubeni, inkhulumo lengacondzi ngco emibikweni njll).
Kubona nekucocisana ngemagugu emibhalweni ngekuhambelana nemasiko netenhlalakahle, kanye netemvelo (sib: kutiphatsa lokusendzabeni nekufaneleka etimeni letehlukene temphilo, tindzaba tekwenta kahle kanye nekulinganisa etimeni letehlukene nakubalingisi njll):
Kubona abuye acoce ngetindlela tekubuka letingafuni kwemukela tingcucuko nekutsi takheka njani;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubona nekucwaninga takhiwo letehlukene, kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi, tinjongo kanye nalokubhekiswe kubo ngemibhalo lenhlobonhlobo:
Kutfola nekucwaninga timphawu tetinhlobo letinyenti temibhalo lebhalwako (sib: kuhlelwa nekuhlanganiswa lokwetayelekile letisetjen-tiswa etinhlotjeni letinyenti tetinkondlo, temb-halo kutatisa tinhlobo letehlukene emaphep-handzaba, ema-atikili.)
Kubona nekucocisana ngalokujulile ngemagugu emasiko newetenhlaliswano kumibhalo:
Kutfola tinhlangotsi letehlukene letivela kumbhalo loshubile aphindze anikete lwakhe luhlangotsi ngekwesekelwa bufakazi lobukulombhalo.
Kucoca ngebubanti bemagugu etenhlalo newetemasiko kumibhalo:
Kuhlatiya imiphumela yekungafuni kwe-mukela tingucuko (stereotyping), kubuka tintfo ngekutsatsa licala (bias) kanye nekubuka tintfo ngeliso lebugwebinchanti (prejudice) bese kuphindze kubukwa kutsi tingasukelwa njani letintfo letiyinkinga kute tiguculwe, anikete yakhe imibono lenetizatfu.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3 (Uyachubeka)
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA
Bafundzi batawufundza bahlole imibhalo kutfola lwati, nekutitfokotisa bananele ngekucophelela buhle bemagugu eluvo kanye newemasiko kulemibhalo.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuhlatiya imibhalo lemelula lebonwako (emathebuli emashadi, emaphosta, emagrafu, emabalave) aphindze akhona kugucula simo sembhalo sisuke kulesinye siye kulesinye (sib: Igrafu ibe yindzima lechaziwe).
Kukhetsa imibhalo lefanele yetidzingo tabo telwati lefana netichazamagama, ensayiklophida kanye netincwadzi tekutfola lwati.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucoca acatsanise indlela yekuphatfwa kwetindzaba tenhlaliswano netemasiko natisetjentwa bantfu labehlukene etihlokweni letehlukene.
Kuvisisa nekunanela ngalokufanele kumibhalo-yelwati leminyenti:
Kutfola umlayeto lomkhulu kanye naleyo lesekelako abhale imininingwane letsite abuye ente sibutsetelo selwati;
Kufundza ente lokushiwo ngimilayeto letse kushuba abuye alandzele tinkhomba ngekusit-wa lokungenganani.
Kuhlatiya imibhalo letse kushuba lebonwako (sib: emathebuli emashadi, emaphosta, emabhagrafu, emabalave) aphindze akhona kugucula simo sembhalo sisuke kulesinye siye kulesinye (sib: Lithebuli lemininingwane libe yigrafu).
Kukhetsa imibhalo lefanele lehambelana netidzin-go tabo telwati asebentise emakhono ekuphenya kutfola lwati kutichazamagama, tincwadzi tekut-fola lwati nome kumitfombo yelwati lesemmang-weni nome tinsitakwatisa tembani wagezi (uma titfolakala).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa imibhalo yelwati ngalokufanele:
Unika sibutsetelo sembono lomkhulu kanye naleyo lesekelako;
Kukhetsa abhale phasi lwati loluhambelanako ngendlela lefanele;
Kulandzela imiyalo leshubile netinkhomba ngekutentela yena ngekwakhe.
Kucwaninga nekuhlatiya yena ngekwakhe imininingwane letfolakala kumibhalo lengimidvwebo (sib: emashadi, emabhagrafu, emabalave emagrafu emigca nemaphayishadi) akhona kucacamisa umbhalo usuke kulesinye simo uye kulesinye .
Kukhetsa imibhalo lefanele lehambelana netidzin-go tabo telwati atikhetse kumitfombo yelwati leyehlukene kabanti njengakumitfombo yelwati lesemmangweni nome tinsitakwatisa tembani wagezi (uma titfolakala).
KUBHALA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Umfundzi ubhala tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo lengemaciniso Kubhala imibhalo leyehlukene ngetinhloso nebanfu nalesuselwe engcondvweni kufeza labahlosiwe labehlukene: tinhloso letinengi.
Kubhala ngekutsandza, ngekufuna lwati, ngekud-
lala, nangenhloso yekukhombisa likhono lekuca-banga, nelekucamba (sib: tincwadzi (letters) tindzi-ma letichazako, tinkondlo letimfishane njll);
Kubhala imibhalo yelwati leveta imibono ngalokucacile ebantfwini labehlukene labemukela lombhalo (sib: imibiko lemifisha, imiyalo letsite njll.);
Kubhala nekudizayina imibhalo yetekusakata letinhlobonhlobo kwentela tinhlobo ngetinhlobo tebantfu lokubhekiswe kubo. ngetitfombe, ngalokucacile nalokusungulako asebentisa lulwimi, lokubonwa umfundzi tinhlaka/nemadizayini ebantfu labehlukene (sib: emaphosta kukhangisa umcimbi wesikolo, tikhangiso talokusha lokucanji-we, emakhadi ekubingelelana);
Akhona kugucula lwati lusuke kulolunye luhlobo luye kulolunye (sib: umbhalo lobhaliwe ibe ngemathebuli njll.).
Kutfutfukisa, ahlele imibono acale indlela yekubhala:
Kukhetsa aphenye sihloko bese akhipha emaphuzu ngekuwajikijela ndzawonye kwakhiwe libalave lemibono, asebentisa emafloshadi, tinhlu;
Kuhlela atfutfukise imibono ngetindzima asebentisa imisho lemifisha nalechumene;
Kubhala luhlaka lwekucala anaka kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi netakhiwo talo ngalokufanele, ngenhloso yekucondzana ngco nalabo lokucondzenwe nabo;
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala tinhlobo temibhalo leyehlukene ngetinhloso nebantfu labehlukene labahlosiwe:
Kubhalela bunguye, kuvumbulula, kudlala, imicabango netinhloso tekusungula (sib: indza-ba, inkondlo, emadayari, tindzatjana letihlek-isako tindzaba);
Kubhala imibhalolwati leyetfula imibono ngalokucacile ngalokuhambisanako nebantfu labahlosiwe labehlukene (sib: tatiso, imibiko);
Kubhala nekudizayina imibhalo lebonwako leyetfula lwati ngalokucacile nangekucamba (sib: tikhangisi, tincwadzilwati, libalave lelinemdvwebo nalelinemalebuli njll.);
Kuhambisa lwati lusuke kulolunye luhlobo luye kulolunye (sib: lwati lolusuka kuthebuli lube yindzima lebhaliwe nome igrafu.).
Kutfutfukisa nekuhlela imibono nekutibandza-kanya nenchubo yekubhala:
Kuhlatiya sihloko, asebentisa kugcogcela ndzawonye imibono asebentisa emabalave emibono, emashadi etiboniso, netinhlu talokutsite;
Kutfutfukisa nekwandza ngesihloko ngekukhetsa lwati loluhambisana nekuhlela imibono;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala tinhlobo temibhalo leyehlukene ngetinhloso nebantfu labehlukene labahlosiwe:
Kubhalela bunguye, kuvumbulula, kudlala, imicabango netinhloso tekusungula (sib: emajenali, tinkondlo, tinganekwane tingcoco, tindzaba letiyinkhulumomphikiswano);
Kubhala imibhalolwati leyetfula imibono ngalokucacile ngalokuhambisanako nebantfu labahlosiwe labehlukene (sib: imibiko yeluphenyo, incwadzi leya kubeliphephandza-ba, imiyalo yekusebentisa umshini lotsite);
Kubhala nekudizayina imibhalo lebonwako leyetfula lwati ngalokucacile nangekucamba kusebentisa lulwimi lokwentiwa imisindvo, imidvwebo neluhlaka lwedizayini kwentela labahlosiwe (sib: ema-CD roms, emakhava etincwadzi, tikhangisi tethelevishini, nome temsakato wemoya, tincwadzilwati letinetitfombe);
Kukhombisa kuvisisa indlela yekubhala kanye nerejista (sib: kuhambisa lwati lusuke endzabeni luye ku-atikili yeliphephandzaba njll.).
Kutfutfukisa nekuhlela imibono nekutibandza-kanya nenchubo yekubhal:
Kubutsa imibono njengobe ishiwo kwentela sihloko, atfutfukise imibono ngekutsi aseben-tise imitfombo yelwati leyehlukene kabanti kukhetsa lwati loluhambelanako nesihloko ahlelembise imibono ngekusebentisa emasu lafana nemabalave emibono, emafloshadi, emagridi njll;
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUBHALA
Kubuketa balungise imibhalo bacaphele Umfundzi ubhala tinhlobo letehlukene kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi ngalokufanele, kuhlelwa temibhalo lengemaciniso ngendlela lenhle nangemibiko lebuya kubontsanga nalesuselwe engcondvweni kufeza nome/kanye nakumfundzisi; tinhloso letinengi.
Kuhlolisisa luhlaka lwekugcina lwembhalo, ngekubuka tiphumuti tenkhulumo, lupelo, ngekuhlanganisa tiphakamiso tabontsanga netemfundzisi;
Kushicilela'/kubhala luhlaka lwekugcina;lolutawuphotfulwa ngekubonisana nal-abo labahloswe njengebafundzi balombhalo kanye nemfundzisi.
Kwetfula umsebenti ngekusebentisa sandla lesihle nalesifundzekako nendlela lefanele lefana netihlok-wana, kwehlukanisa nakucalwa tindzima letinsha, kukhwesha emgceni lobovu nakacala indzima lensha njengobe kufanelekile. Kubhala ngebunaka ngaloku-cacile.
Kusebentisa lwati lwelulwimi emazingeni lahlukene:
Esigabeni seligama:
Kukhetsa asebentise tinhlobo letinengi temagama lawatfola elwatini lwelulwimi kulokwentiwako, kutemibhalo, elulwimini lolukhulunywako lwabontsanga nalabanye; Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala luhlaka lwekucala lwembhalo ngekucaphela kutsi lunembono jikelele longumgogodla wendzaba kanye netindzima letesekelako;
Kusebentisa imisho lemelula nalechumene ngekucondza bantfu labahlosiwe kanye nangenjongo letsite;
Kubuketa luhlaka lwembhalo ngekunaka lokumumetfwe, lulwimi lolufanele, kuhleleka, kanye nendlela yekwetfulwa lesekufaka ekhatsi imibono yalabanye bafundzi kanye/nome nemfundzisi;
Kufundzela kususa emaphutsa alungise luhlala lwekugcina;
Kungenisa umbhalo loluhlaka lwekugcina bese aphawula ngekuhlolwa kwalendzima.
Kukhipha umsebenti lomuhle longenamaphutsa nalosemtsetfweni anake kwetfulwa kwawo (sib: likhasi lelingetulu kwalombhalo, sihloko, tihlokwana njll, kanye nemidvwebo lefanele).
Kusebentisa lwati lwelulwimi etigabeni letehlukene:
Esigabeni semagama:
Kukhetsa nekwetama kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temagama latsetfwe kumitfombo leyehlukene,
Kusebentisa sichazamagama nomeithesawurasi kubona emagama.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala luhlaka lwekucala lwembhalo ngekucaphela kutsi lunembono jikelele longumgogodla wendzaba lulwimi lolufanele nalolwetayelekile kubantfu labahlosiwe;
Kubuketa luhlaka lwembhalo ngekunaka lulwimi kutsi lwentiwe ncono, kuhleleka, kanye nendlela yekwetfulwa lesekufaka ekhatsi imibono yalabanye bafundzi;
Kukhipha tinhlaka tibe tinyenti ngalokungadzingeka;
Kuniketa kuphawula kubontsanga ngenhloso yekukhutsata kutetsemba kulomtamo wabo;
Kukhipha umbhalo loluhlaka lwekugcina lolufaka ekhatsi kuphawula kwabontsanga nome nemfundzisi;
Kubukisisa lombhalo abuye awucwaninge umbhalo wakhe wekugcina kanye nabontsanga kanye nemfundzisi.
Kwetfula umsebenti lomuhle lobhalwe ngekugcizelelwa bunaka lokutawenta kwetfulwa kwawo kube setulu (sib: likhasi lelingetulu kwalombhalo, kwendlalwa kwawo kanye nemidvwebo lefanele);
Kusebentisa lwati lwelulwimi etigabeni letehlukene:
Esigabeni semagama:
Kukhetsa nekwetama kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temagama latsetfwe etinkhundleni letehlukile tekufundza, kanye netinkhundla latitsandzako nalati kancono kuto letiveta inchazelo,
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUBHALA
Umfundzi ubhala tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo lengemaciniso nalesusel-
Esigabeni semusho:
letinengi. Kukhulisa imisho ngekwengeta tiphawulo, netandziso, nemabintana emagama kanye nemishwana lechaza kabanti sobito, Kuntjintjantjintja ngetikhatsi tesento asuke kulesinye aye kulesinye kantsi loku akwente ngekulingana nangendlela lefanako nalefanele;
Esigabeni sendzima: Kusebentisa sihloko nemisho lesekelako kubhala indzima lebumbene,
Kusebentisa luhlelo nelupelo kanye netiphumuti tenkhulumo kwenta umbhalo, lophelele.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Esigabeni semusho:
Kwelula imisho ngekusebentisa, tichasiso, tandziso, emabintana nemishwana lechaza libito,
Kugucuka esikhatsini sesento usuke kulesinye uye kulesinye ngalokulinganako nangendlela lefanele,
Kusebentisa simokwenta nesimokwentiwa ngalokufanele nangemphumelelo;
Esigabeni sendzima:
Kubhala umusho losihloko labatawuchubeka kuwo babhale kute kube yindzima levakalako,
Kukhombisa tindlela letehlukene letichuman-isa tindzima netitfombe, Kusebentisa luhlelo, lupelo kanye netiphu-muti.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kupela emagama lavama kusetjentiswa awapele ngendlela ahlole nelupelo lwemaga-ma lamasha,
Esigabeni semusho:
Kusebentisa imishombici lenhlobonhlobo nemisho lechumene,
Kwenweba umusho ngekwengeta tichasiso netandziso, neticunjana temagama tekuchaza netesandziso,
Kugucuka netikhatsi tesento asuke kulesinye aye kulesinye ngalokufanako nangaloku-fanele,
Kusebentisa simokwenta nesimokwentiwa ngalokufanele nangemphumelelo,
Kwehlukahlukanisa kuhleleka kwemagama kute kube nekucondza ngco kanye nekug-cizelela;
Esigabeni sendzima:
Kubhala umusho losihloko afake nelwati loluhambelanako kute kube yindzima levakalako,
Kukhombisa tindlela letehlukene tekuchumanisa tindzima afake netitfombe letifanele kuwo wonkhe lombhalo.
KUCABANGA NEKUNOMA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma: nekuhlelembisa lwati, balusebentise
Kucoca ngetimbangela nemiphumela emibhalweni ekufundzeni lebhaliwe kanye nelulwimi lolusetjentiswe ekwetfuleni loku (sib: nini, ... uma ngabe... kwase...);
Kukhetsa kunye nobe kubili lokuncono bese anika tizatfu tekutsi tehlukana kanjani;
Kuveta tinchazelo letingacaci, tesekelwe ngebu-fakazi lobusembhalweni.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuphenya nekutfungatsa:
Kwakha imibuto ngemibono lengaketayeleki, sib: emadayinaso (dinosaurs);
Kutfola imitfombo lefanele yelwati;
Kutfola lwati ngekusebentisa emagama nome imicondvo lemcoka;
Kukhetsa nekucwaninga kalula imitfombo leyehlukene lwemacala lahlukene esihloko.
Kuhlelembisa lwati:
Kucoca nekucatsanisa lwati lolutfolwe kumitfombo yelwati lehlukene;
Kukhetsa imibono/emaphuzu lahambelanako;.
Kutfola tibonelo etinchazelweni;
Kuhlela lwati ngendlela lefanele;
Kufinyeta lwati ngetindlela letehlukene (sib: kudvweba umdvwebo, ngetindzima, emabalave emibono, emathebuli);
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kubona imbangela nemiphumela emibhalweni lekhulunywako nalebhaliwe achaze budlel-wano bayo;
Kucombelela tilinganiso ngekusebentisa lwati lalwatiko;
Kwehlukanisa buhle nebubi balokutsite asekele nangetibonelo;
Kubuta nekutfutfukisa imicondvo lehlukene ngetihloko latetayele.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kuphenya nekuvumbulula:
Kwakha imibuto lehambelana naloku kutsi kube ngiyo lemelusa kutsi atfole lwati;
Kusebentisa luphenyo lwati (interviews) kute abutse lwati;
Angabeka imibuto ngendlela lehlukile kute atfole lwati loluhambelana naloluphenyo;
Kucoca ngekutsi lusebenta njani luphenyolwati kutsi utfole lwati;
Kwenta lucwaningo lolulula afune lwati kuleminye imitfombo lehambelana nayo.
Kusebentisa lwati:
Kubutsa ahlele ngekweticumbi imibono lehambelanako achaze tizatfu taleticumbi lokuhlelwe ngato;
Kugcogca akhetsa imibono lefanele;
Kuhlela lwati ngaphansi kwetihloko letehlukene;
Kulebula libalave ngemuva kwekufundza ngenchazelo yalo;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lwati kucabaga:
Kuchaza imbangela nemphumela (sib: iNingizimu Afrika live lelomisile; uma ingani umnyaka wonkhe kutawu ...);
Kwetfula imibono bayisekele;
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucwaninga nekunhlanhlatsa:
Kutsatsa sincumo kutsi ngukuphi kulokubili lekunguko bese aniketa sizatfu;
Kusombulula tinkinga ayedvwa noma nebangani;
Kucatsanisa kutsi tilwimi letehlukene tiwusebentisa njani umcondvo weNkundla yekuFundza.
Kusebentisa lwati:
Kucopha lwati ngendlela lefanele (sib: tinhla, emathebula, emagrafu);
Kugucula lwati balususa elulwimi lolutsite baluyisa kulolunye;
Kuntjintja indlela lwati lolubhalwe ngayo (sib: kulususa kumathebula liye ekubhalweni, emibhalweni luye kumathebual);
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUCABANGA NEKUNOMA
Kutsatsa tincumo ngebuka lwati akhe tiphetfo. Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola nekuhlelembisa lwati, balusebentise ekufundzeni
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga ngalokwakhako:
Kucagela kutsi yini letawulandzela nekutsi itawuphotfulwa kanjani ngekubuka bufakazi lobubutsiwe;
Kutfutfukisa lokunyenti lokungenteka tinhlelo kubukana nesimo lesibekiwe;
Kutfola tindlela letehlukene kwetfula imibono ngekusebentisa ithesawurasi nemidanti yenchazelo.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuhlela luchungechunge lwetigameko, kubhalwe ngalo nobe kwentiwe umugca wesikhatsi setehlakalo nobe lishadi lesikhatsi.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga ngalokwakhako:
Kucagela kutsi ngukuphi lokutawulandzela endzabeni nobe kuhleleka kweluchungechunge lwetehlakalo;
Kulinga ngalokubonwako nemiphumela yemsindvo yelulwimi (sib: kucamba tingoma, tinganekwane nobe tinkondlo letingenangcondvo).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kunika noma kubhala inchazelo yendle-lanchubo letsite ngemuva kwekubuka lokutsite, asebentisa emadayagramu lakufanele khona (sib: kwenta imvundvo yengadze yesikolo).
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga ngalokwakhako:
Kuchaza lakubonako emva kwekufundza noma kulalela;
Kucagela kutsi umlingisi utawentani noma kutsi indzaba itawuphela njani;
Kuniketa letinye tindlela tekusombulula inkinga.
SAKHIWO SELULWIMI Sikwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:NEKUSETJENTISWAUmfundzi utawusebentisa imisindvo, Kusebenta ngemagama:emagama, neluhlelo lwelulwimi
Kusebentisa ticalo, ticu, netijobelelo kwakhakucamba nekuhlatiya imibhalo. emagama;
Kuhlatiya kutsi emagama asungulwe kuphi (sib: Emagama etilwimi tesiNtfu labolekwe kusiBhunu nakusiNgisi);
Kucopha emagama kusichazamagama sakhe;
Kusebentisa imitsetfo yemisindvo kanye neyelupe-lo kupela emagama ngalokufanele;
Kuhlola kupeleka kwemagama kusichazamagama.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kutfola inhloko yemusho kanye nesilandziso sawo;
Kusebentisa tihlanganiso kwakha imisho lemagatjagatja. (sib: Wasebenta kamatima kute aphase);
Kusebentisa tivumelwano senhloko nesamentiwa;
Kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temisho ngalokufanele nangendlela (titatimende letimibuto, letimiyaleto, yekubabata);
Kutfola nekusebentisa emabito, tabito, tento, tandziso, tichasiso, njll.;
Kusebentisa tikhatsi tesento leticangene ngendlela lefanele (sib: Lesengcile lesisachubeka -Bekabukela lifilimu ngesikhatsi ...);
Kusebentisa inkhulumo lecondzile naletfulwa ngalokungakacondzi;
Kusebentisa timphawu tekubhala ngalokufanele.
Sikwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kusebentisa ticalo, ticu, netijobelelo kwakha emagama;
Kuhlatiya kutsi emagama asungulwe kuphi (sib: Emagama elulwimi lwesiNgisi labolekwe kusiFulentji);
Kucopha emangama kusichazamagama sakhe;
Kusebentisa imitsetfo yemisindvo kanye neyelupelo kupela emagama ngalokufanele.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kutfola inhloko yemusho kanye nesilandziso sawo;
Kusebentisa tivumelwano senhloko nesamenti-wa uma bomentiwa nenhloko yemusho bangekho kepha bevakala enkhulumeni;
Kutfola nekusebentisa emabito, tabito,tandziso, linani, tihlanganiso njll.;
Kusebentisa inkhulumo lecondzile naletfulwa ngalokungakacondzi;
Kusebentisa tikhatsi tesento leticangene; ngendlela lefanele (sib: Lesengcile lesisachubeka - Bekasabukela lifilimu nge-sikhatsi ...);
Kukhona kusebentisa ngemphumelelo tim-phawu tekkubhala lesetifundziwe kkute kube ngumanje.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Sikwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kusebentisa ticalo, ticu, netijobelelo kwakha emagama;
Kucopha emagama kusichazamagama sakhe;
Kusebentisa imitsetfo yemisindvo kanye neyelupelo kupela emagama ngalokufanele.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kusebentisa tivumelwano senhloko nesamenti-wa uma bomentiwa nenhloko yemusho bangekho kepha bevakala enkhulumeni;
Kutfola nekusebentisa emabito, tabito, takhi tesandziso, linani, tihlanganiso takhi tetindlela tesento njll.;
Kusebentisa tikhatsi tesento ngendlela lefanele (sib: Utawube sekacedzile nakushaya lesikhatsi.);
Kutfola nekusebentisa imisho leshubile -imisho lenelibintana lelitimele (libintana lelim-coka) kanye nelibintana lelesekelako (lelingephasi) ahlanganiswe ngesihlanganiso sib: Uma kukhala insimbi, Thabo waya ekhaya;
Kukhona kusebentisa ngemphumelelo chwishi longasetjentiselwa kwehlukanisa libinta lelimcoka nalelo lelesekelako emshweni;
Uyachubeka Sikwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
SAKHIWO SELULWIMI Kusebenta ngemibhalo: NEKUSETJENTISWA
Kusebentisa sihloko kanye nemisho lesekelako kute Umfundzi utawusebentisa imisindvo, akhe indzima lebumbene; emagama, neluhlelo lwelulwimi
Kuchumanisa imisho kutsi yakhe indzima lebum-kucamba nekuhlatiya imibhalo. bene kusebentisa sib: Emagama ekuchumanisa lafana nalawa 'kanye' 'kwase' 'kwagcina' kanye netabito.
Kutfutfukisa lwati lwekubona indlela yekwetfula nome sitayela:
Kusebentisa taga netisho ngemphumelelo;
Kusebentisa lizinga lelenele lekuba semtsetfweni nekungabi semtsetfweni kwenkhulumo (irijista);
Kukhanyelwa nekusebentisa imifanekisomcondvo lefana nesifanniso (Mongi yingilozi yelikilasi).
Kutfutfukisa likhono lekubona lulwimi lolujulile Sib: Kucwaninga tindlela letehlukene tekucela umuntfu kutsi ente lokutsite (kusebentisa unga ..., kufanele ... Njll) kutsi loku kuhambisana njani nebuhlobo lobusuke bukhona kulokhulumako nalecondziswe kuye lenkhulumo, imiphumela yako kanye nekutsi kufanele yini kucelwe inselele ngekutsi sekuhlolisiswe.
Kusebentisa lulwimi netinhlobo talo. (sib:'inkhulumo lecondzile nalengakacondzi' 'taga' 'tisho' 'inkhulumo lesemtsetfweni' 'sifaniso' 'tivalelankhulumo').
Sikwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kusebentisa sihloko kanye nemisho lesekelako kute akhe indzima lebumbene;
Kuchumanisa imisho kutsi yakhe indzima lebumbene kusebentisa sib: Emagama ekuchumanisa lafana nalawa 'ngako-ke' kanye netabito.
Kutfutfukisa lwati lwekubona indlela yekwetfula nome sitayela:
Kusebentisa taga netisho ngemphumelelo;
Kusebentiso sizotsa lesifanele senkhulumo kuye ngebalaleli nesimo senkhulumo (sib:.Lesemtsetfweni/nalengekho emtsetfweni);
Kukhanyelwa nekusebentisa imifanekisom-condvo lefana nesentamuntfu (Lilangabi lakhotsa indlu kwasala umsiti wodvwa).
Kutfutfukisa likhono lekubona lulwimi lolujulile Sib: Kucwaninga tinhlobo telulwimi nemifanekiso lehlukene yelulwimi lesetjentiswa ngekwebuh-langa, ngekwebulili kanye nekubuka bantfu ngeli-cala linye.
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngetinhlobo talo (sib: 'ticu tekubala' tihlanganiso' 'umusho losihloko' 'balaleli', sikhatsi sesento' 'sentamuntfu').
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Sikwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kusebentisa sihloko kanye nemisho lesekelako kute akhe indzima lebumbene;
Kuchumanisa imisho kutsi yakhe indzima lebumbene kusebentisa sib: emagama ekuchumanisa lafana nalawa 'naloku' bomcondvofana nabomcondvophika;
Kusebentisa ngemphumelelo tikhatsi tesento asuke kulesinye aye kulesinye ngaphandle kwenkinga nangalokungenatihibe.
Kutfutfukisa lwati lwekubona indlela yekwetfula nome sitayela:
Kusebentisa taga netisho ngemphumelelo;
Kuchaza kutsi sehluka njani sizotsa senkhulu-mo kuya ngekwebalaleli, inhloso simo kanye nenjongo yenkhulumo (irijista);
Kutfutfukisa likhono lekubona lulwimi lolujulile Sib: Kucwaninga indlela lulwimi lolusetjentiswa ngayo lugcina lusente satsenga ngisho netintfo lesingatidzingi, ngaleyo ndlela kubeka ummango engotini.
Kusebentisa lulwimi ngetinhlobo talo (sib: 'libintana lelimcoka' 'libintana lelesekele', tihlanganiso' kwetfula inkhulumo ngaloku-condzile nangemphambosi yekwentiwa, 'singat-sekiso').
SEHLUKO 4SIGABA LESIPHAKEME(EMABANGA 7 - 9)
SINGENISO
Kulesigaba, bafundzi bahlanganisa loku labakufundze kulamanye emabanga babuye balungiselele imfundvo lechubekako nasemsebentini. Bafanele basebentise lulwimi emphakatsini, etindzaweni letisemtsetfweni nasemfundvweni.
Ngelulwimi, bafundzi kumele batiswe:
ngemisebenti nematfuba lamanye ekufundza; futsi ngemalungelo nalokumele bakwente njengetakhamuti eveni lentsandvo yelinyenti. nemphakatsi lomasikosiko.
Lokugcilwe kuko
Lokugcilwe kuko kulesigaba kuhlanganisa nekwandzisa lulwimi nekufundza. Ekupheleni kweliBanga 9, bafundzi kumele:
bafundze babuye babhalele tinhloso letehlukene - lokuhlelekile, lokungekahleleki, umphakatsi nekutibhalela nje;
babe bafundzi labatimisele, bangamelana netimo letehlukene, labangatfola futsi bahlole lwati ngekwabo;
babe balaleli labakhutsele, lababuka ngeliso lelibanti futsi babe tikhulumi letitetsembako telulwimi babe nelu-velo kulababalalelako; babuye bakwati kuhlatiya lulwimi, bati kutsi lusebenta njani babuye futsi balusebentisele tidzingo tabo.
IMIPHUMELA YEKUFUNDZA
UmPhumela WekuFundza 1: Kulalela
Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati, kutitfokotisa, aphawule ngalokufanele nangalokujulile etimeni letehlukene.
Bafundzi batawulalela ngekutimisela, ngekutimisela nangeliso lelibanti emibhalweni leminyenti lekhulunywako, bafinyete, bacophe babuye bayiphendvule.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 2: Kukhuluma
Umfundzi utawuchumana ngekutetsemba nangalokuvakalako elulwimini lolukhulunywako etimeni letehlukene.
Bafundzi batawukhuluma ngekutetsemba emphakatsini, bakhulume ngalokuvakalako nalokushaya khona nala-banye. Loku kubalulekile emsebentini nasekuchubeni imfundvo.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3: Kufundza Nekuhlwaya
Umfundzi utawufundza ahlwayele kutfola lwati, kutitfokotisa nekuphawula ngalokujulile ngebumnandzi/buhle bemasiko nemiva ngemagugu emibhalweni.
Kufundza kabanti kusisekelo sekubhala nendlela yekufundza imphilo yonkhe. Bafundzi kumele bafundze imib-halo yaseNingizimu Afrika nalamanye emave lenemaciniso nalengenawo emaciniso ledzingekile ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi nelwati jikelele nekutitfokotisa babuye bakhule.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4: Kubhala
Umfundzi utawubhala imibhalo lehlukene lengemaciniso nalesuselwe engcondvweni kute bafeze tinhloso letehlukene.
Kubhala kuyindlela yekutiveta nekfuundza futsi kulithuluzi lekuchumana. Esikhatsini lesinyenti kuba yindlela yekuhlola bafundzi futsi kubalulekile emfundvweni lechubekako nemsebentini.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 5: Kucabanga Nekunoma
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, ekutfobeni nasekuhlelembiseni lwati labatalusebentisa ekufundzeni.
Kutfutfuka kakhulu kwemakhono nelwati lwekufundza kuyindlela lewetela ekufundzeni kwemphilo yonkhe nekuphumelelisa imiphumela jikelele naletfutfukisako.
Umphumela Wekufundza 6: Sakhiwo Selulwimi Nekusetjentiswa
Umfundzi uyakwati kusebentisa imisindvo, emagama neluhlelo lwelulwimi kwakha nekuhumusha imibhalo.
Umfundzi utawutfola kutsi lulwimi lusebenta njani bese atfutfukisa lolulwimi lwabo ngekukhuluma ngalo, kute ahlole umbhalo wakhe newalabanye ngeliso lelibanti mayelana nenchazelo, kusebenta kanye nekubhaleka kahle kwalo. Utawubuye asebentise lolwati kusebentise lulwimi kwenta inchazelo (kusukela ezingeni lemisho kuye emibhalweni) abone kutsi umbhalo nalokucuketfwe kuhlobene njani. Utakwati kutsi lulwimi luntjintja njani ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi nemasikweni lahlukene nekutsi luntjintja njani etimeni letehlukene.
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO
Bafundzi emabangeni 7, 8 na 9 bamele bakwati kufundza nekuhlwaya imibhalo lenhlobonhlobo yaseNingizimu Afrika kufaka emabhuku lacokelwe kufundza (setworks). Litiko LeTemfundvo kumele linikete tihloko tetincwadzi leticokiwe.
Etigabeni letilangendzelako, emaCophelo ekuHlola alowo nalowo mphumela atawuniketwa (atawetfulwa) ngelibanga ngelibanga. Ekucaleni kwalelo nalelo banga kutawuniketwa tibonelo temibhalo lengasetjentiswa ekufundziseni lulwimi ngendlela lecubile. Leti akusito todvwa tibonelo letingabakhona, ungengeta ngaletinye tibonelo letifanele emibhalweni lekhona.
EMACOPHELO EKUHLOLA NEMIBHALO EMABANGA 7-9
LiBanga 7
Imibhalo Lephakanyisiwe
Tindzaba letimfishane
Imilandvomphilo (yemniyo neyalomunye)
Imanoveli lamafisha
Tinkondlo
Imidlalo lenkundlanye
Tinganekwane (lakufanele khona)
Tinganeko nematekelo
Likhetselo lemibhalo lemifisha lefana nemaphephabhuku, emaphephandzaba, tikhangiso, emaphosta netinkhulumo temsakatweni.
LiBanga 8
Imibhalo Lephakanyisiwe
Tindzaba letimfishane
Emanoveli
Tinkondlo
Imidlalo
Tinganekwane (lakufanele khona)
Kufundza emafilimu
Likhetselo lemibhalo lemifisha lefana nemaphephabhuku, emaphephandzaba, tikhangiso, emaphosta, tincwa-jana, tinkhulumo, tinkhulumo temsakatweni, tinhlelo tamabonakudze kanye nemavidiyo emculo.
LiBanga 9
Imibhalo Lephakanyisiwe
Tindzaba letimfishane
Inoveli lendze
Tinkondlo
Imidlalo lenkhundlanye lemitsatfu kuya kulesihlanu
Tinganekwane (lakufanele khona)
Kufundza emafilimu
Likhetselo lemibhalo lemifisha lefana nemaphephabhuku, emaphephandzaba, tikhangiso, tinkhulumo neku-fundzisa, imidlalo yemoya, imidlalo yamabonakudze, kanye nemavidiyo emculo.
Lokucuketfwe imibhalo
Kuloluhla loluphelele loluniketiwe, bafundzi kumele bavetelwe:
tibekandzaba letinotsile naletifanele tenhlalo kanye nemlandvo lotfutfukisa kuvisisa kwemagugu elulwimi;
luhlaka lolumankimbonkimbo neluhlakana lolunotsile ngesiphukuto;
tindzikimba letidvonsanako naletivula ingcondvo letitfutfukisa kuvisisa kabanti emagugu;
balingisi labaphilako ebudlelwaneni lobutfutfukisiwe;
kuhlatiya tinkholelo letingenamaciniso nekutsatsa licala kutfutfukisa kucabanga ngalokwakhako;
umoya lofanele nalohlukene liphimbo kanye nemagama lasetjentiswako;
tindlela letehlukene kanye netinhlobonhlobo tetakhiwo temusho;
kubutisisa ngesilulumagama nekusetjentiswa kahle kwetaga telulwimi;
tinhlobonhlobo telulwimi lolunongiwe nelebumbongi;
tinhlobonhlo tebunkondlo etinkondlweni letikhetsiwe;
imibhalo lebukwako (lekufaka emafilimu), leveta timphawu letifana nekusebentisa umbala , lomnyama nalomhlophe, kubaluleka kwekucamba, umbani, kubuka kwesitfombe, kukhula nekuncishiswa kanye nekuvala;
tinhlobonhlobo tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi netintfo:
kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lekugucula, lulwimi lwebantfu labaneminyaka letsite, kuhlatiya kwelulwimi lwekubandlulula ngekwebuve nakwebulili, umtselela wetilwimi kulolunye.
KULALELA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati, nekutitfokotisa, kuphawula Kulalela, kuncoma, kudvumisa nekutfokotela kulalela ngalokufanele nangalokujulile kwetfulwa kwetinkhulumo leticatjangwako etimeni letinengi letehlukene naletitekwako sib: tinkondlomlandvo, tindzaba letimfishane, tinganekwane.
Kulalela imilayeto nelwati lolwetfulwako, bese aphawula ngendlela lefanele, sib:
kubhala emanotsi, kufinyeta, kutsatsa tincumo nekulandzisa lwati lolutfolwe ngendlela lengiyo;
kuveta imibono yabo, kubuta imibuto lejulile, acele inselele lapho kudzingeka khona.
Kucocisana ngendlela imibhalo letayelekile ihlelwe ngayo, achaze timphawu tayo letigcamile, (sib: Sibiketelo selitulu, tinkhombandlela, emahlaya, tingoma). Loku kutawufaka ekhatsi emathuluzi lasetjentiselwa kujabulisa njengekubamba umoya nemisho lenemfutfo nekukhombisa kusetjentiswa kwemisindvo emibhalweni lelalelwako nalebukwako lehlukene.
Kukhombisa nekuhumusha ngalokungiko kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lwemitimba (sib: kuchumana ngeliso, simo sebuso, kusetjentiswa kwetandla nekunyakata kwemsindvo).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kulalela anenele imibhalo yemlomo lefundzisako lecatjangwako icele inselele, (sib: tinkondlo, tibongo, tigigaba tetindzaba letimbili nobe letintsatfu, tinkhulumo letimfishane, tikhangiso temsakato, tinkhulumo, kuphikisana).
Kulalela aphapheme nangekucophelela kute atfole lwati nemaphuzu lamcoka, aphawule ngalokufanele, sib:
kutsatsa emanotsi, kufinyeta nekutsatsa tincumo;
kuhlolisisa imibono yabo labayetfulile, abute imibuto yelucwaningo, acele inselele.
Kuvisisa kuhleleka kwemibhalo lekhulunywako achaze netimphawu tayo letigcamile (sib: tindzaba letimfishane, tibongo, tinkhulumo letimfishane). Loku kutawufaka ekhatsi emathuluzi lasetjentisel-wa kujabulisa nemisho lenemfutfo, siphukuto kanye nekwandzisa indzaba nekukhomba, nekuh-latiya kusetjentiswa kwemisindvo emibhalweni lelalelwako nalebonwako lehlukene.
Kukhombisa nekucocisana kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lwemtimba (sib: kuchumana ngemehlo, kunyakatisa tandla nekuma).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kulalela anenele imibhalo yemlomo leshubile lefundzisako lecatjangwako, (sib: tinkondlo, tibongo, tigigaba tetindzaba letimbili nobe letintsatfu, tinkhulumo letimfishane, tikhangiso temsakato, tinkhulumo kuphikisana).
Kulalela aphapheme nangekucophelela kute atfole lwati nemaphuzu lamcoka, aphawule ngalokufanele, sib:
kutsatsa tincumo;
kuhlolisisa lwati nemibono, abute imibuto yelucwaningo, acele inselele lakufanele khona.
Kuvisisa kuhleleka kwemibhalo lekhulunywako achaze netimphawu tayo letigcamile (sib: tindzaba letimfishane, emabhaladi, tinkhulumo letimfishane, tinkhulumo mbukiso, imidlalo yemoya, kusakatwa kwetindzaba, tinkhulumo kuphikisana). Loku kutawufaka ekhatsi emathuluzi lasetjentiselwa kukhombisa kujabulisa, kuphukuta, nekukhuluma ngekudzelela kanye nekuhlatiya nekucatsaniswa kwemisindvo emibhalweni lelalelwako nalebonwako lehlukene.
Kukhombisa nekucocisana kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lwemtimba kulolalele (sib: kuchumana ngemehlo, kunyakatisa tandla, kusetjentiswa kwesikhala).
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KULALELA Kukhombisa emagama, tigatjana, tindzima nemisho Umfundzi utawulalela kutfola lwati, letsintsa lolalelako nekutsi kunamtselela muni, (sib: nekutitfokotisa, kuphawula luvelomagama, kuhlukanisa emkhatsini kweliciniso ngalokufanele nangalokujulile nembono, kubona kutsatsa licala nesigwebonchanti). etimeni letinengi letehlukene
Kubona nekwamukela tinhlobo letehlukene telulwimi njengemehluko weliphimbo, lulwimitigodzi kanye nelulwimi bantfu beminyaka letsite (sib: siTsotsi).
Kubona kubaluleka kanye nengcikitsi yetenhlalo, temasiko netemlandvo emibhalweni lekhetsiwe.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubona inhloso yesikhulumi kukhetsa emagama latsite,tigaba nemisho kuntjintja lolalelako nekuchaza umtselela wako (sib: lulwimi loludvonsako, kwehlukanisa phakatsi kweliciniso nembono, kukhomba umbono wesikhulumi nekukhomba kutsatsa licala nesigwebonchanti).
Kubona nekwamukela tinhlobonhlobo letinyenti letehlukene telulwimi njengemehluko weliphimbo, lulwimitigodzi kanye nelulwimi lwebantfu beminyaka letsite (sib: siTsotsi).
Kubona kubaluleka kanye nengcikitsi yetenhlalo, temasiko netemlandvo emibhalweni lehlukene.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuchaza sizatfu sesikhulumi kukhetsa emagama latsite,tigaba nemisho nendlela lakhuluma ngayo kuntjintja lolalelako nekuchaza umtselela wako (sib: kukhuluma nangaboni intfo lenemicondvo lemibili, kwehlukanisa phakatsi kweliciniso nembono, kukhomba umbono wesikhulumi nekuchaza kutsatsa licala, sigwebonchanti nemfundziso lite).
Kubona nekwamukela tinhlobonhlobo letinyenti letehlukene telulwimi njengemehluko weliphimbo, lulwimitigodzi kanye nekubuka lulwimi lwebantfu beminyaka letsite (sib: siTsotsi).
Kubona kubaluleka kanye nengcikitsi yetenhlalo, temasiko netemlandvo emibhalweni lecubile.
KUKHULUMA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Umfundzi utawuchumana ngekutetsemba nangalokufanele Kucocisana ngemibono nekusho imiva yakhe asebentisa lulwimi etimeni letinengi ngemdlandla nangekutetsemba nekusitwa asebentisa letehlukene tinhlobo temibhalo lekhulunywako lekhetsiwe (sib: tindzaba, emahlaya, imidlalo).
Kucocisana ngemibono nemaciniso ngekwenta kahle futsi ngekulandzelana asebentisa tinhlobo temibhalo letingemaciniso letikhulunywako letingemaciniso (sib: kukhulumisana, kuphikisana lokufishane).
Kukhombisa emakhono lasisekelo etinhlotjeni tembhalo lokhulunywako lokhetsiwe:
kukhuluma tinkhulumo letinemcondvo;
ente ema-intaviyu nebangane asebentisa imibuto lelula, alalela atsatsa emanotsi ngekucophelela.
Kukhombisa emakhono lasisekelo ekuchumana ngekutimbandzakanya ngekutimisela etingcocweni, kutinkhulumo phikisana, ema-intaviyu kutsi nakenta njalo:
kutsintsa tintfo letibaluleke kakhulu (sib: tenhlalo, tesimilo letihlobene netendzawo netemalungelo eluntfu);
kutsatsa imisebenti leyehlukene;
kuvumela leminye imibono;
kuchaza indlela lenta ngayo;
kiniketa tinsolo;
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucocisana ngemibono nekusho imiva yakhe ngemdlandla nangekutetsemba kakhulu asitwa kancane asebentisa tinhlobonhlobo temibhalo lekhulunywako lekhetsiwe (sib: imidlalo, kulingisa, tingoma).
Kucocisana ngemibono nemaciniso ngekwenta kahle kakhulu futsi ngekulandzelana kahle ngetihloko letihehako asebentisa tinhlobo temib-halo letingemaciniso letikhulunywako letingemaciniso (sib: kukhulumisana, tinkhulumo kuphikisana).
Kukhombisa emakhono lasisekelo etinhlotjeni temibhalo leminyenti lekhulunywako:
kulandzelanisa kahle kwemiyalo nekuchaza kwembhalo lolukhuni lokhulunywako;
kuchaza kutsi i-eksiperimenti yentiwa njani;
Kukhombisa emakhono lahlukahlukene ekuchumana ngekutimbandzakanya ngekutimisela etingcocweni, kutinkhulumo phikisana, nekusaveya kwemacembu kutsi nakenta njalo:
kutsintsa tintfo letibaluleke kakhulu (sib: tenhlalo, tesimilo letihlobene netendzawo netemalungelo eluntfu);
kubuta imibuto lefanele;
kutsatsa imisebenti leyehlukene;
kuvumela leminye imibono abuye aphikise ngesizotsa nakufanele;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucocisana ngemibono nekusho imiva yakhe ngemdlandla nangekucabanga nekutetsemba kakhulu atimele, asebentisa tinhlobonhlobo temibhalo lekhulunywako lekhetsiwe (sib: imidla-lo, tinkondlo).
Kucocisana ngemibono nemaciniso ngekwenta kahle kakhulu futsi ngekulandzelana kahle kakhu-lu ngetihloko letihehako asebentisa tinhlobo temibhalo letingemaciniso letikhulunywako letingemaciniso (sib: kuchaza kwetinchubo teth-ekinoloji njengekutsi nje isebenta njani ikhom-puyutha nobe sidlali mavidiyo).
Kukhombisa emakhono latfutfukile etinhlotjeni letinyenti temibhalo leminyenti lekhulunywako:
kuchaza tindlela tekusebenta kwethekinoloji nekutfola imibono leshubile ngendlela lelandzelanako, sib: kusetjentiswa kwekhompuyutha;
Kukhombisa emakhono lahlukahlukene ekuchumana ngekutimbandzakanya ngekutimisela etingcocweni, kutinkhulumo phikisana, ku-intaviyuwa kwemacembu nekusaveya kutsi naken-ta njalo:
kutsintsa tintfo letibaluleke kakhulu (sib: tenhlalo, tesimilo letihlobene netendzawo netemalungelo eluntfu);
kubuta imibuto lephenyako;
kuhola tingcoco;
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUKHULUMA
kuvala emagebe ngekubuta imibuto, kuniketa Umfundzi utawuchumana lokungakhetfwa kuko, kuvumela timphendvulo ngekutetsemba nangalokufanele letivulekile, kukhombisa kutimisela kweliciniso; asebentisa lulwimi etimeni letinengi kuba neluvelo kumalungelo nemiva yalabanye; letehlukene kuphikisana nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi kukhomba kungabi naluvelo nobe kubandlulula.
Kwetfula ngemlomo lokukhombisa kwenta kahle nekusungula, anakekela:
kuvakala kahle ungatsikameteki;
kuma;
kuntjintja kwekufutfumala nelivi;
inhloso nebalaleli;
kuma kwemtimba kanye nelulwimi lwemtimba;
kuntjintja kwetenhlalo netemasiko lokwehlukene;
Tinongo tenkhulumo letifanele fana nesihabiso nesifanisongco.
Kubona nekuchaza imphumelelo yakhe yekuchumana.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
kwesekela indlela lenta ngayo;
kuniketa nekwemukela tinsolo;
kukwati kuntjintja labanye;
kuvala emagebe ngekubuta imibuto kucacisa inchazelo, kuniketa lokungakhetfwa kuko, kuvumela timphendvulo letivulekile, kukhom-bisa kutimisela kweliciniso;
kuphikisana nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi kukhomba kungabi naluvelo nobe kubandlulula.
Kwetfula ngemlomo lokukhombisa kwenta kahle kakhulu nekusungula, anakekela:
kuvakala kahle kahle ungatsikameteki;
kuma;
kuntjintja kwekufutfumala nelivi;
inhloso nebalaleli;
kuma kwemtimba kanye nelulwimi lwemtimba;
kuntjintja kwetenhlalo netemasiko lok wehlukene;
Tinongo tenkhulumo letifanele fana nesihabiso nesifanisongco.
Kubona nekuchaza timphawu letimsite ekuphumeleleni kwakhe ngekuchumana.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
kukhulumisana ngekwehlukana kute kutfo-lakale umbono lofanako nobe lokuvunyelwana ngako;
kwemukela tinsolo lakufanele khona;
kuvala emagebe ngekubuta imibuto, kuniketa imibono matsandza, kuntjintja kute acacise inchazelo, kuniketa lokungakhetfwa kuko, kuvumela timphendvulo letivulekile;
kwehlukanisa lakumele kukhonjiswe luvelo kumalungelo nasemiveni yalabanye nalapho kumele aphikisane khona kungabi naluvelo nobe kubandlulula.
Kwetfula ngemlomo ngekutetsemba nekusungula, anakekela:
kuma nekuntjintja kwekufutfumala nelivi etindzaweni letitsite;
inhloso nebalaleli;
kuma kwemtimba, lulwimi lwemtimba nemu-mo webuso kuheha lutsandvo lwalabalalelako;
tinhlobonhlobo tetindlela lekwetfulwa ngato;
irijista;
Kuntintja kwelivi;
lizinga lekuhleleka;
kuntjintja kwetenhlalo netemasiko lok wehlukene;
Tinongo tenkhulumo letifanele fana nesi-habiso, sifanisongco, kumuntfutisa, luphawu nemibuto letiphikisako.
Kuhlola imphumelelo yakhe kutekuchumana ente lokungakwenta kancono.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele ngekucophelela emagugu laphatselene nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo Si yakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Kutifundzela ngekwakhe kutitfokotisa nelwati emibhalweni lehlukahlukene lefundziwe, achaze timphendvulo takhe abuye acoce ngetinhlobo temibha-lo latitsandzako.
Kufundzela etulu nobe buthule ngetinhloso letehlukahlukene asebentisa emasu ekufundza languwo (sib: kucwenga, kuhlanganisa iminingwane yelwati lolutsite, kuvisisa).
Kukhombisa inhloso, lekubhekiswe kubo kanye nengcikitsi yembhalo.
Kukhombisa kuvisisa kwemibhalo yelwati:
kukhombisa imicondvo lebalulekile yendzaba achaze kutsi imininingwane iyesekela njani lemicondvo lebalulekile.
Kukhombisa kuvisisa umbhalo, injongo yawo nebudlelwane nemphilo yakhe ngekuchaza sakhiwo, tingcikitsi, balingisi nesibekandzaba.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kutifundzela ngekwakhe kutitfokotisa nelwati emibhalweni letinhlobonhlobo lefundziwe, acatsanise timphendvulo takhe bese ubuya wenta tincomo kulabanye.
Kufundzela etulu nabuthule ngetinhloso letehlukahlukene ahlanganisa emasu ekufundza lawafundze kulamanye emabanga.
Kuchaza nekucacisa inhloso, lekubhekiswe kubo kanye nengcikitsi yembhalo.
Kukhombisa kuvisisa tinhlobonhlobo temibhalo yelwati:
kukhombisa imicondvo lebalulekile yendzaba achaze kutsi imininingwane iyesekela njani lemicondvo lebalulekile;
ahlole imibono;
Kucocisana ngetindlela letehlukene lekubukwa umbhalo.
Kuchaza tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo bese acacisa kutsi timphawu letibalulekile tihleleke njani nekutsi tinesandla siphi emsebentini wemb-halo (sib: tinkondlo, emanoveli lamafishane, ticas-hunwa, emadayari, emaletha, emabhaladi, kuhlwaya emabhuku, imidlalo lemifishane).
Kukhombisa kuvisisa umbhalo, injongo yawo nebudlelwane nemphilo yakhe ngekuhlatiya kukhula kwesakhiwo, tingcikitsi, kubaluleka, balingisi nesibekandzaba.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kutifundzela ngekukhululeka nangekutitfokotisa nangelutsandvo lwetinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo.
Kufundza nekubika ngalakufundza onkhe malanga.
Kucocisana ngetinhlobo temibhalo labayitsandzako netizatfu tekuyitsandza.
Kubona inhloso, simo neluhlobo lwebantfu labafundza lombhalo:
Wabhalelwani?
Wabhalwa nini?
Wawubhalelwa bani?
Yini lelindzeleke kumfundzi emva kwekufundza?
Bekuyini tinhloso tembhali?
Yini lebekakulindzele kumfundzi?
Magugu mani lavetiwe embhalweni?
Tiphakamiso ngalokucuketfwe yindzaba: kusetjentiswa kwetibiti, emagama lemukelekile nalafanele.
Kubona umehluko wesakhiwo setinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo (sib: inkondlo nesikhangisi).
UmPhumela WekuFundza 3 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele ngekucophelela emagugu laphatselene nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo Kukhombisa achaze emasu lasetjentisiwe kwenta imiphumela letsite emibhalweni lekhetsiwe, lebon-wako, lebhaliwe kanye netemsakato lenhlobonhlobo fana:
Tintfo letilula telwati nekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi (sib: umdlalomagama, irijista);
Timphawu tesakhiwo (sib: kukhetsa nekumisa titfombe/imifodo, kusetjentiswa kwebukhulu bemagama neluhlobo lwembhalo (ifonti), kusentisa umbala);
Kusebentisa ikhamera nelifilimu (kuvula, kukhulisa).
Kuphawula ngalokujulile emibhalweni:
Kutfola umbono wembhali;
Kukhomba imibiko lebhacile embhalweni;
Kukhomba kutsatsa licala nobe sigwebonchanti;
Kuveta tindlela umbhali alungisa kufundvwa kwencwadzi ngekukhetsa emagama latsite.
Kuveta nekucoca ngetemasiko, tenhlalo, netendzawo leticuketfwe emibhalweni njengobe kuvetwe etincenyeni letehlukene tembhalo letifaka lokucuket-fwe, lulwimi, buciko bekubhala, nekuvetwa kwe-
balingisi.
Kuhlola nekuvivinya emakhono akhe njengalofundzako.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuhlola emasu lasetjentisiwe kwenta imiphumela letsite emibhalweni lebonwako, lebhaliwe kanye netemsakato lenhlobonhlobo fana:
Kusetjentiswa kwemasu etembhalo, nelulwimi lolusetjentisiwe;
Umtselela wetimphawu tesakhiwo (sib: kuma kwembhalo nebuciko) Umtselela wemasu ekhamera nelifilimu (sib: Lakubukwa khona, umbani, sivinini, kuhlanganisa titfombe, umsindvo nemfanekiso).
Kuphawula ngalokujulile emibhalweni:
Kuhlola umbono wembhali;
Kuhlola imibiko lebhacile embhalweni nobe kutsatsa licala nobe sigwebonchanti bese aniketa wakhe umbono naletinye tindlela;
Kuchaza kutsi tingcikitsi tenhlalo netemasiko tinamtselela muni kumbiko lotfulwako.
Kutsatsa tincumo nekucoca ngetemasiko, tenhlalo, netendzawo leticuketfwe emibhalweni bese uchaza kutsintseka kwemfundzi netincenye temb-halo leticuketse loko (sib: lokucuketfwe, lulwimi, buciko bekubhala, liso lekubukwa ngalo nekuvet-wa kwebalingisi).
Kuhlela nekuhlola emakhono akhe njengalofundzako.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucocisana ngetimphawu talemibhalo (sib: tinkondlo, emanoveli, ticashunwa temaphephandzaba, emadayari, netincwadzi).
Kubonisa lwati lwemehluko emkhatsini waletinhlobo temibhalo (sib: tinhlobo tetincwadzi, tinkondlo, tikhangisi, tincwajana).
Kucatsanisa tinchubo letilandzelwe ekubhaleni lemibhalo.
Kuhluta nekucocisana ngesakhiwo, balingisi nesibekandzaba nemanoveli (sib: umbhali uyitfola kanjani imiphumela asebentisa lulwimi netitfombemagama?) netindzaba.
Uyachubeka
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA
Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele ngekucophelela emagugu laphatselene nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kutifundzela ngekwakhe, kutitfokotisa nekwenelisa lutsandvo lwakhe lwekufundza ngetinhlobo letibanti temibhalo.
Kufundza nekucopha onkhe malanga kutsi ngutiphi tinhlobo temibhalo latitsandza kakhulu nekutsi yini indzaba.
Kubona inhloso, ingcikitsi neluhlobo lwebantfu lekubhalelwe bona: (sib: inhloso yekubhalwa kwawo, wabhalwa nini? Ubhalelwa bani? Umbhali abecondzeni? Magugu mani lacondziwe?).
Tiphakamiso ngekwemukeleka kwengcikitsi, liphimbo nekusetjentiswa kwetibiti.
Kubona sakhiwo nendlela yekubhala tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo (sib: tinkondlo netikhangisi).
Kucocisana ngetimphawu temibhalo lehlukene yetincwadzi (sib: tinkondlo, emanoveli, ticashun-wa kumaphephandzaba, netincwadzi).
Kukhomba kubona umehluko emkhatsini waletinhlobo temibhalo yetincwadzi (sib: tinhlobo tetincwadzi - yekufuna umsebenti/yebungane; tinkondlo, kukhangisa) netindlelanchubo tekubhala.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuhlatiya nekucocisana ngetingcikitsi nemagugu letfulwe ngumbhalo.
Kuphawula ngetinkondlo bacocisane ngekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi, nemifanekisomcondvo kuveta bunkondlo.
Kuphawula ngalokujulile ngemibhalo (sib: Kukhona yini imilayeto lefihlekile? Kukhona yini kutsatsa licala nesigwebonchanti?).
Kucocisana ngemibono yabo ngemibhalo acat-sanise indlela layibona ngayo nalabanye.
Kubuketa kusetjentiswa kweligalelo lemibhalo lebonwako nalebhaliwe:
Kuvisisa emasu lasetjentisiwe emibhalweni lehlukene kute ihleleke kahle (sib: tinkhundla netigaba/ticephu emidlalweni; tahluko, emanovelini, kukhulisa/kunciphisa sitfombe emafilimini);
Kuhlatiya indlela babhali labasebentisa ngayo sakhiwo, simo, nebucwepheshe bekuhunga umfundzi/umhlatiyi (sib: kuvala emafilimini indlela yebunkondlo);
Kubona indlela emagama, imisho nesakhiwo lokusetjentiswe ngayo embhalweni neligalelo lako;
Kuhlatiya kutsi kubonakale kutsi kwehluka kulemigomo yetakhiwo kumphatsa njani umfundzi;
Uyachubeka
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA
Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele ngekucophelela emagugu laphatselene nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo
Kucocisana ngesakhiwo, balingisi nesimonhlalo etindzabeni nakumanoveli (sib: Umbhali uphumelela njani ngekusebentisa lulwimi nemifanekisomcondvo?).
Kuphawula ngetinkondlo nekucocisana ngekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi nemifanekisomcondvo kuveta bunkondlo.
Kuphawula ngalokujulile emibhalweni (sib: ikhona imilayeto lebhacile? Kukhona kutsatsa licala lokutsite kumbe sigwebonchanti tsite?)
Kucocisana ngemibono laphawule ngayo embhalweni nekucatsanisa imiva yakhe ngembha-lo neyalabanye.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucocisana ngetinhlangotsi tebucwepheshe bemibhalo leminye imibhalo idzinga imphendvulo etinhlangotsini letifana (sib: umdlalomagama, kusetjentiswa kwemifakela, tiphumuti, sakhiwo semisho);
Kuhlatiya imiphumela leletfwa titfombe emibhalweni (sib: kusetjentiswa kwembala, tiphumuti, nebungako bembhalo, nekusetjen-tiswa kwelulwimi ngendlela leyetayelekile);
Kubona indlela lokubhaliwe, imisindvo, imifanekiso lenyakatako nalemile, kuhlangan-iswa ngayo kute kwakhe umcondvo.
Kuhlatiya ngemiphumela leletfwa tenhlalo, temlandvo netemasiko:
Umlandvo welulwimi;
Lulwimi lweminyaka leyengca nalucatsaniswa nemibhalo yesimanje;
Kuhambelana kwebabhali beludvumo netimo temilandvo yabo.
Kuhlatiya tinhlobo letehlukene temagugu emasiko emibhalweni.
Kucatsanisa tiphakamiso takhe ngembhalo nekuhlatiywa kwencwadzi, lifilimi, nemdlalo wamabonakudze.
Kuhlola imibhalo ngalokujulile bese ahlolisisa emakhono akhe njengemfundzi nembhali.
Uyachubeka
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA
Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele ngekucophelela emagugu laphatselene nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kwemukela kusetjentiswa kwetindlela tsite emibhalweni lebonwako nalebhaliwe:
Kubona nekucocisana ngemphumelelo yetintfo letisita ekufundzeni, titfombe naletetfulwa ngemlomo;
Kuvisisa imigomo nesakhiwo semibhalo lehlukahlukene nekutsi wetfula njani lombhalo (sib: tinkhundla netigaba emdlalweni);
Kuvisisa imbangela yendlela lekukhetfwe ngayo emagama, imisho nesakhiwo ngeku-landzela lemigomo;
Kuphawula ngeluhlangotsi lwethekiniki emibhalweni leminye imibhalo idzinga kuphawulwe etincenyeni tembhalo (sib: emagama lasetjentisiwe, tiphumuti, sakhiwo semisho);
Kuhlatiya indlela babhali/bacondzisi, asebenti-sa ngayo lulwimi, indlela yekubhala nemasu ekuveta imiphumela letsite, nekuhunga umfundzi wembhalo nemhlatiyi (sib: emasu ekuhluta emafilimi);
Kwehlwaya ngekufakwa kwetenhlalo, temlandvo netemasiko embhalweni.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Uyachubeka
KUFUNDZA NEKWEHLWAYA
Umfundzi utawufundza, ahlwaye imibhalo kutfola lwati nekutitfokotisa ananele ngekucophelela emagugu laphatselene nemasikomphilo nemiva yabo ngemibhalo
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucwaninga kutsi tenhlalo, temlandvo netemasiko tinaligalelo lini emibhalweni: Umlandvo welulwimi.Kuhambelana kwebabhali beludvumo nemlandvo wendzabuko yabo. Emagugu emasiko lanhlobonhlobo.
Kuhlola nekuveta emakhono akhe njengemfundzi.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
UmPhumela WekuFundza 4
KUBHALA Siyakwati loku uma mfundzi akwati:Umfundzi utawubhala tinhloboletehlukene tembhalo lengemaciniso Kubhala imibhalo leminyenti leveta imibono yakhe:
nalesuselwa engcondvweni kufeza
Kuchitsisa umfundzi situnge ngemibhalo tinhloso letinengi yalokwakhiwe engcondvweni (sib: tindzaba letilandzisako naletichazako, emadayari, emajenali, tincwadzi tebungani, tinkhulumomphendvulwano, tinkondlo/emaculo).
Kubona sakhiwo sembhalo, kuvetwa kwebalingisi, ngekusebentisa, kunyakata nekuchaza latakusebentisa natibhalela yakhe imibhalo.
Kutibandzakanya ekuhlwayeni, ekudlaleni nasekutakheleni imibhalo leveta imibono nemiva lesengcondvweni yakhe nalabanye (sib: bopopayi, titfombe, tilandzelo, emakhathuni).
Kubhala imibhalo lengemaciniso kwendlulisa lwati:
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala imibhalo leveta imibono yakhe:
Kuchitsa umfundzi wembhalo situnge ngekub-hala lokususelwa engcondvweni nemibhalo leyenelisako (sib: umbhalo lolandzisako, nendzaba lechazako, inkhulumo mphendvul-wano, tinkondlo nemaculo netincwadzi).
Kusebentisa iminyakato nekuchaza, kwetfula balingisi, kuvisisa sakhiwo nekutfutfukisa umsebenti wekutibhalela indzaba.
Kubamba lichaza ekwehlwayeni nasekuticambe-leni imibhalo kuveta imibono lesengcondvweni, nemifanekisomcondvo kanye nekwetfula imiva labanayo neyalabanye (sib: kubhala ngemidlalo lemisha, tinkondlo telutsandvo).
Kuhlanganisa imicondvo leyehlukene ndzawonye ngekusebentisa lulwimi lolusemtsetfweni emibhalweni (sib: icashunwa temaphephabhuku kanye nendzaba lengakahleleki kahle).
Kubhala imibhalo lebanti ngetindzaba letingemaciniso kwedlulisa lwati:
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kubhala imibhalo leminengi leveta imibono yabo:
Kutfokotisa umfundzi wembhalo ngemibhalo yemfanekisomcondvo nekutetfula, (sib: indza-ba lelandzisako, nalechazako, inkhulumomphendvulwano, tinkondlo, emacu-lo, tindzaba letimfisha letisafufusa netincwadzi tebuhlobo).
Kutfokotisa umfundzi wembhalo ngemibhalo lesuselwe engcondvweni noma ngemphatfo lengavamanga leniketwa intfo letsite ledvumile (sib: kubuyeketa tinganekwane tendzabuko, kuhlehliswa kwetinkhulumo letingenamaciniso).
Ngekusebentisa umnyakato, inkhulumo mphendvulwane, tinchazelo nalokuchaziwe, avete balingisi, akhe sibekandzaba atfutfukise indzaba ngekubhala asungula.
Kuhlanganisa ndzawonye imicondvo netindzaba letehlukene emibhalweni lekufaka ticashunwa temaphephabhuku netindzatjana netibiti/nemoya lokahle.
Kubhala luchungechunge lwemibhalo lengemaciniso kwendlulisa lwati:
KUBHALA Umfundzi utawubhala tinhlobo letehlukene tembhalo lengemaciniso nalesuselwa engcondvweni kufeza tinhloso letinengi UmPhumela WekuFundza 4 (Uyachubeka) EmaCophelo EkuHlola Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lokubonwako nemadizayini (emagrafu nemathebula) lapho kufanele khona (sib: lucingoncwadzi, (ifeksi) i-imeyili, bofakazi lababone ngemehlo, tincwadzitikhalo). Kubhala imibhalo yemisakato lenhlobonhlobo (sib: tikhangisi, emaphosta). Kubhala imibiko lehlelekile nalemaciniso (sib: kuhlatiywa kwencwadzi, umbiko ngeluc waningo -tihloko kufanele tifake ekhatsi ummango netifundvo taletinye tinkundla tekufundza). Kulandzela imigomo yekubhala nakubhalwa nobe ngumuphi umbhalo:
Kucokelela imibono ngekuvulelana tifuba kwetful-we imibono, ngekusebentisa emabalave engcondvo, emashadi netinhla. Kucokelela lwati lwaleminye imibhalo letawuba sisekelo sekubhala. Kutfutfukisa sihloko ngekukhetsa lwati loluhambisana nengcikitsi emitfombeni lefanele. Kwakha tinhlaka letinemininingwane lecubene.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lokubonwako nemidvwebo (emagrafu nemathebula) lapho kufanele khona (sib: umbiko walotibonele ngamehlo, incwadzi yesikhalo, incwadzi leya kumaphephandzaba).
Kubhala imibiko lengenatikhawu, lephelele, futsi lengemaciniso lekufaka imibiko yeHIV/AIDS netendzawo (sib: kubika ngetenhlakalo, lucwaningo lwato tonkhe tinhlelo tekufundza).
Kubhala imibhalo yemisakato lenhlobonhlobo (sib: emaphamflethi, nemaphosta).
Kulandzela imigomo yekubhala kuto tonkhe tinhlobo temibhalo:
Kutfutfukisa imibono ngekubhunga, ngekusebentisa libalave lengcondvo, lishadi lemidvwebo yemnyakato netinhla.
Kuhlela nekucamba sihloko ngekukhetsa lwati lolunengcikitsi nekuhlela imibono emva kwekubonisana nekwehlwaya imitfombolwati lefanele.
Kusebentisa lwati lolusatfutfuka kuleminye imibhalo kute yakhe sisekelo salokutawubhalwa.
Kwakha tinhlaka letiya ngekubasezingeni leliphakeme.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusetjentiswa titfombe netimoluhlaka (sib: i-imeyili, emafeksi, tincwadzitikhalo imibiko yemaphephandzaba, i-ajenda nemaminitsi).
Kubhala imibiko lephelele levulelekile, tindzaba letiyinselele njenge HIV/AIDS netindzaba temvelo (sib: kuhlwaywa kwencwadzi/kwelifilimi, umbiko ngelucwaningo ngato tonkhe tinhlelo tekufundza).
Kugucula lwati lolubhaliwe lube ngendlela yemibhalo lebonwako njengetikhangisi nemaphos-ta (lekufaka ekhatsi emathebula nemaframu lapho kufanele khona).
Kusebentisa inchubo yekubhala kuyo yonkhe imibhalo lebhaliwe:
Kwakha imibono ngekuhlanganisa imibono yalabanye ndzawonye (brainstorming) kusetjentiswe emabalave engcondvo, emafloshadi netinhla.
Kusebentisa lwati lolubanti lwaleminye imibhalo njengesibonelo sekubhala.
Kukhombisa bugabazi ngekubhala tinhlaka letiya ngekubasezingeni lelisetulu.
KUBHALA Umfundzi utawubhala tinhlobo letehlukene tembhalo lengemaciniso nalesuselwa engcondvweni kufeza tinhloso letinengi UmPhumela WekuFundza 4 (Uyachubeka) EmaCophelo EkuHlola Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Kubuka umbhali, kubuyeketa indlela yekubhala, sakhiwo kanye nekubhala kahle. Kususa kutsatsa licala nenkholelo lengenamaciniso nakubuketwa. Kubuketa, kuhlela nekufundzisisa imisebenti yabo neyalabanye. Kubonisa luvelo lwemalungelo nemiva yalabanye ngesikhatsi sekuhlatiya kute baciniseke ngemisebenti yabo. Kuticambela tindlela takhe tekubhala ngekulandzela tiphakamiso temisebenti yakhe neyalabanye. Kukhicita umbhalo lophelele nekuwuhlatiya. Kubonisa lwati lwalemikhakha lelandzelako yekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi:
emagama lasetjentiswa njalo (sib: kutakhela tinhla takhe, kusebentisa sichazamagama nesicocelandzawonye emagama). Kwandzisa lwati lwesakhiwo semagama (sib: ticalo netijobelelo). Kwakha luhla lwesilulumagama samalanga onkhe -kugcina sichazamagama salowo nalowo - kakhulukati letihambisana nekharikhulamu yonkhe.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kwemukela lokufunwa ngumfundzi, bese kubuketwa indlela, sakhiwo nekwenta kahle.
Etilungisweni, kususwa kutsatsa licala nesigwebonchanti.
Kubuketa, kuhlela nekufundzisisa umsebenti wakhe newalabanye.
Kukhombisa luvelo lwemalungelo nemiva yemalunga elicembu lakhe, acinisekise imitamo yabo.
Kuticambela tindlela takhe tekubhala ngekuhlatiya imisebenti yakhe neyalabanye ngalokujulile.
Kukhicita umbhalo wekugcina lophelele.
Kubonisa lwati lwekusebentisa lemikhakha lelandzelako yelulwimi engcikitsini:
Kupela emagama lasetjentiswa njalo:
kutakhela tinhla temagama, kusebentisa sichazamagama, umdlalo wemagama, emagama lanabongwaca labhalwe ndzawonye.
Kwakha silulumagama samalanga onkhe kucinga tichazamagama tabo - kakhulukati emagama laphatselene nekharikhulamu yonkhe.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Ekubuketeni, kususwa kutsatsa licala netinkholelo letingenamaciniso.
Kubuketa, kuhlela nekufundzisisa imibhalo yakhe neyalabanye, abe akhombisa luvelo lwemalungelo nemiva yalabanye, acinisekise imitamo yabo.
Kukhombisa kuba neluvelo kumalungelo nemiva yalabanye kulenchubo ancome nemitamo yabo.
Kutfutfukisa likhono lakhe ngekuhlatiya kabanti umsebenti wakhe newebangani.
Kukhicita umbhalo wekugcina ubuye uhlolisiswe.
Kubonisa lwati lwaletinhlangotsi letilandzelako tesimo selulwimi:
Kupela onkhe emagama lasetjentiswa njalo atsatfwa etinkundleni tekufundza letehlukene:
Kutakhela tinhla tabo temagama ekupelwa,
Kusebentisa sichazamagama, nemdlalo wemagama - imininingwane yelucwaningo nekutfutfuka kwemagama,
Kuchubeka ngekufundza emagama lashubile latinhlavunengi.
Kwakha silulumagama malanga onkhe:
Kugcina sichazamagama sakhe, kakhulukati emagama laphatselene nekharikhulamu yonkhe; Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUBHALA Umfundzi utawubhala tinhlobo letehlukene tembhalo lengemaciniso nalesuselwa engcondvweni kufeza tinhloso letinengi Umphumela Wekufundza 4 (Uyachubeka) EmaCophelo EkuHlola Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Emagama ngetinhlobo tawo - (sib: tiphawulo, tandziso). Kwakha emagama ngaletinye titfo tenkhulumo (sib: sento sibelibito dlala umdlalo, khuluma sikhulumi). Kwelula imisho ngekusebentisa emagama lafana netijobelelo letihlanganisa imisho netindzima (sib: tihlanganiso). Kubonisa kuvisisa kusetjentiswa kweluluwimi ngaphandle kwemaphutsa (sib: tivumelwano letingito, tikhatsi tesento). Kusebentisa tiphumuti kuveta inshokutsi yemisho (sib: khefana, bomakhuluma). Kusebentisa imisho leyamile - tindlela tesento. Kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukile temisho lemidze nalemifisha. Kuchaza lapho kungevisiseki khona (sib: sentosiphawulo). Kusebentisa indlela lecondzile neyekubika ngekwetinhloso letitsite.
Kusebentisa emagama lachumanisa imicondvo yalamanye, nemisho kanye netindzima. (sib: tijobelelo).
Kubonisa lwati lolujulile lokusebentisa lulwimi (sib: emagama enhlonipho kuta, kushona).
Kusebentisa emasu labanti esakhiwo semagama (sib: tiphawulo netandziso).
Kusebentisa tinongo tenkhulumo emibhalweni yakhe.
Kusebentisa tiphumuti kuveta inchazelo yalokubhalwako (sib: likhefana, ngci, sibabato).
Kusebentisa imisho leyamile/lekhontile.
Kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temisho njengebudze bayo, akwati lapho kudzingeke lemifisha noma lemidze khona.
Kwehlwaya tindlela letehlukene tekusebentisa sento lesitawunika ingcondvo lecacile emishweni (sib: kusebentisa indlela lebikako emibhalweni yetesayensi).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuchubeka nekufundza emagama labomalungamane.
Kubona tinshokutsi letichaza ngekwesimo nangalokucondzile, inchazelo lehlosiwe netinchazelo letiningi.
Kubonisa kuvisisa inshokutsi nemumo (style), ngekusebentisa tinongo telulwimi ngalokufanele.
Kusebentisa emagama ngendlela yemphumelelo, lokukhomba kwakheka kwemibono (sib: nobe kunjalo..., lokungenani..., ngako-ke).
Kusebentisa tiphumuti ngalokuphelele, kucacisa inshokutsi/inchazelo (sib: ticaphuni, ema-ithaliksi).
Kuhlatiya inchazelo, kucacisa, kuhlelwa kwemishombici leshubile ngendlela yakhe yekubhala.
Kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temisho ngekwebudze nenhlobo yayo.
Kwehlwaya tindlela letehlukene tekusebentisa sento kugcamisa inshokutsi (sib: imphambosi yekwentiwa/yekwentana).
Kusebentisa tikhatsi tesento kugucula lokugcilwe kuko (sib: sikhatsi sanyalo sinika kuphutfuma).
Umphumela Wekufundza 4 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUBHALA Umfundzi utawubhala tinhlobo letehlukene tembhalo lengemaciniso nalesuselwa engcondvweni kufeza tinhloso letinengi Kusebentisa tikhatsi letehlukene tesento ngendlela lefanele. Kubona emagama lakha tingcikitsi tetindzima, ngaloko akwati kunyomula emaphuzu lamcoka. Kusebentisa tabito netihlanganisi kuchumanisa tindzima.
Kuhlunga luhlelo nesilulumagama ngendlela lefanele umbhalo (sib: eticondzisweni nasetinchubeni, kusebentisa kuphocelela nekuchumanisa emagama neluchungechunge lwelwati. Cala utsatse sitja uphakele bese uyadla).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa tindlela tesento kwetfula imibono lesatifiso (sib: kube ngiyatentela, ngabe ngiyahamba).
Kusebentisa tabito netihlanganiso kuchumanisa tindzima letedlulile.
Kuhlunga luhlelo lwesilulumagama ngendlela lefanele umbhalo (sib:eticondzisweni/etinchubeni, kusebentisa kuphocelela nekuchumanisa emagama laluchungechunge lwelwati: Cala utsatse sitja uphakele bese uyadla).
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa timo tekukhuluma netindlela tesento letehlukene kucagela/kwakha umbono engcondvweni (sib: kube nginguwe bengitawu...)
Kwehlwaya indlela tabito, bondzaweni netihlanganiso kungaveta kucinisekisa inshokutsi/inchazelo emkhatsini wetindzima emibhalweni lehlukahlukene.
Kukhetsa silulumagama neluhlelo lolufanele luhlobo lolutsite lwembhalo (sib: ekubhaleni tinkondlo tabo, kusebentisa tinongo telulwimi, imifanekisomcondvo emagama nemisho leyakha sigci).
KUCABANGA NEKUNOMA Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola nekuhlelembisa lwati, alusebentise ekufundzeni. Umphumela Wekufundza 5 EmaCophelo EkuHlola Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati: Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kuhlanganisa lwati utfole inchazelo bese uchaza nenhloso yembhali ngekuhumusha umbhalo lobhaliwe, lobonwako nalovakalako kukharikhula-mu ledlelanako;
Kucacisa umphumela nembangela;
Kucatsanisa lokuniketiwe kubona kutsi kutsi ngukuphi lokuncono;
Kubeka nekutfutfukisa umbono umbono wakhe ngalokucacile;
Kwesekela lakushoko ngetinhlobo letehlukene tebufakazi (sib: ngestetistiki);
Kusebentisa luhlelo lwelulwimi lolufanele kuveta umcondvo loshubile (sib: nangabe imicebo bekwabelwana ngayo, ngabe bugebengu bunciphile).
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucwaninga nekwehlwaya:
Kuhlolisisa imibono nematiyori kukharikhulamu yonkhe;
Kucatsanisa tincumo kubonakale lesincono kunato tonkhe;
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kusebentisa emakhono ekucabanga nekunoma etingcikitsini letehlukene kukharikhulamu ledlelanako;
Kuchaza nekucacisa umbono neluhlangotsi lwembhali emibhalweni lehlukene;
Kucacisa nekuchaza umphumela nembangela (sib: Kungani loku kuyimbangela ye ...?);
Kuniketa lomunye umbono unikete tizatfu (sib: Angivumelani naloku ngobe ...futsi ngesekela umbono wami nge ...);
Kubona nekucacisa kutsi kungani lwati lungatsatfwa njenga lolungemaciniso' nobe 'lolwetsembekile';
Kuveta lwati lwakhe kute asekele umbono wakho;
Kubuta nekuhlanganisa kute asombulule tin-kinga atfutfukise kucabanga tintfo letishubile, imibono kanye netimvo (sib: tindzaba temalun-gelo eluntfu, tindzaba talabahlala khona, tin-kinga takhe, tihloko tekharikhulamu ledle-lanako).
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucwaninga nekwehlwaya:
Kubuta imibuto leshubile netindzaba tesive (sib: kujeziswa kwemfundzi etikolweni);
Kuhlunga tiphakamiso kuleto letimbalwa letiphakanyisiwe;
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucabanga nekunoma:
Kusebentisa emakhono ekucabanga nekunoma etingcikitsini letehlukene kukharikhulamu ledlelanako nasetintfweni takhe;
Kubona nekuchaza umbono ngco wembhali neluvo lwakhe etinhlotjeni letehlukene tembhalo;
Kuhlatiya umphumela nembangela ngalokujulile, embhalweni yetembhalo kanye nasemibhalweni yekharikhulamu ledlelanako (sib: ngekubuka imbangela ngaphandle kwaloku lokusebaleni);
Kutfutfukisa nekusebentisa kuphikisana ngetindlela:
Kwenta kucabanga kucace kulofundzako nalolalelako,
Kubona nchanti labatakusho netimphendvulo takhona;
Kubeka umbono lophikisako ubekenalokungaba tisombululo;
Kusebentisa lwati lolungemaciniso ahumushe stetistiki ngekutetsemba lokukhulu kwesekela umbono wakhe;
Kusebentisa lwati lwakhe alucatsanisenelwalabanye kucacisa liphuzu lembono.
Kusebentisa imibuto, kuhlanganisa nekuhlatiya kutfutfukisa kucabanga ngalokujulile kanye nekusombulula tinkinga.
Kusebentisa lulwimi kucwaninga nekwehlwaya:
Kuchubeka ngemibuto nekuvivinya imibono;
UmPhumela WekuFundza 5 (Uyachubeka)
KUCABANGA NEKUNOMA
Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola nekuhlelembisa lwati, alusebentise ekufundzeni.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa sakhiwo selulwimi kuveta imibono lecakile (sib: kusebentisa inkhulumo lenekwetsem-ba: Ngiyetsemba kutsi uma kungafa lubandlululo imphilo ingabalula);
Kusebentisana nalabanye ekusombululeni tinkinga nasekutsatseni tincumo;
Kugucula sakhiwo/simo lwati (sib: kususa kubalave lengcondvo uyise elulwimini lolubhalwe ngemagama).
Kuhlelembisa:
Kuhlola umsebenti wakhe nekuwucatsanisa newalabanye;
Kukhetsa imikhakha lencono kunayo yonkhe emsebentini walabanye, ahlanganise umsebenti welicembu lonkhe ube yintfo yinye;
Kusebenta ngemiklamo ledidiyelwe ndzawonye kuto tonkhe tinkhundla tekufundza, kute kuphume umsebenti lohlangene.
Kucabanga lokwakhako:
Kwakha umfanekisomcondvo, kucagela, kwakha imphilo engcondvweni, kutifuna, kute kutfolakale inchazelo;
Kusebentisa umbhalo kuveta imibono (sib: emaje-nali, emasu ekuhlanganisa imibono ndzawonye, emabalave engcondvo);
Kucabanga indlela yekutfutfukisa tindlela tekucabanga (kubeka imibono ledzinga kuhlolwa);
Kwemukela umehluko welwati umfundzi lanalo ulusebentise ngalokwakhako (sib: ngemasiko, lakutsandzako, buyena);
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa lwati lweluhlelo kwandzisa emasu ekucabanga (sib: kwelula imisho lemifisha kwakhiwe lemidze nalembici);
Kutentela lucwaningo ngekharikhulamu;
Kusebentisa imitamo yekusebentisa tindlela letehlukene tekuhlela, kwaka luhlaka, lekuhlolisisa nekubuketa ngekwetidzingo temsebenti lowentiwako.
Kuhlanganisa:
Kubamba lichaza emsebentini wemacembu, lapho wonkhe umsebenti wabo wemukelwa khona;
Kusebentisa lwati lwalenye inkhundla yekufundza ekutfutfukiseni umsebenti walenye kute kutfolakale umsebenti lobumbene.
Kucabanga lokwakhako:
Kutfutfukisa emakhono lajulile ngekusebentisa emasu lamanengi ekufundza (sib: kutakhela tindlela tekuhlela, teku hlahlela, kufundza ngekucophelela);
Kwehlwaya indlela babhali bagucula ngayo imigomo yekubhala kute yenetise tidzingo tabo;
Kucabanga letinye tindlela letingatfutfukisa kucabanga (kwakha imibononchanti, bacagele);
Kubhala luhlaka kute kwehlwaywe imibono, imiva, imifanekisomcondvo lehambisana naloko labake bahlangabetana nako
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kwandzisa lwati lweluhlelo kute kutfutfukiswe kucabanga ngalokujulile (sib: luhlahlelo lwemisho -tinhlobo letehlukene temisho lecondzile);
Kusebentisa tinhlobo letinengi tetinhlaka kwesekela kuhlela, kuhlelembisa, kuhlunga nekwetfula imibhalo;
Kunakisisa tindlela letehlukene tekuhlatiya imibhalo (sib: imibono yalabanye).
Kuhlela bahlanganisee:
Kwenta ncono imisebenti yabo ngekuyibuketa nekuyihlela;
Kubonelela imibono yabontsanga neyemacembu abo nekwemukela tiphakamiso letitawenta ncono umsebenti wabo;
Kusebentisa lwati lolutfutfukile lolutsetfwe etinkundleni tekufundza kwakha lwati loluhlelekile.
Kucabanga ngalokwakhako:
Kulinga kusebentisa takhiwo temisho lese imibhalweni lesetincwadzini nalengemaciniso (sib: kugucula kulandzelana kwemagama emushweni ngenhloso yekugcizelela);
Kutfokotisa umfundzi wembhalo ngekwakha umfanekisomcondvo wemphatfo yalokutsite lokwetayelekile;
Kuntjintja tinhlangotsi ngekwenta umdlalo wekulingisa;
etimphilweni tabo;
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
KUCABANGA NEKUNOMA
Kusebentisa lulwimi ekusombululeni tinkinga Umfundzi utawusebentisa lulwimi letiphatselene nekharikhulamu yonkhe (sib: kutoli-ekucabangeni nasekunomeni, kutfola ka/kuhumusha); nekuhlelembisa lwati, alusebentise
Kucatsanisa indlela tilwimi letehlukene letisebenti-ekufundzeni. sa emagama ngayo etinkhundleni letehlukene kwakha luchumano kusita kuvisisa nekusombulula tinkinga.
Kuhlatiya nekuhlola:
Kuhlolisisa ngalokujulile ngekwabelana imibono nekucatsanisa imibono nalabanye;
Kuhlatiya lokucuketfwe, lokuhle nalokubi embhalweni bese kunikwa tiphakamiso ngako;
Kuvisisa nekusebentisa emagama ekucatsanisa sib njenga... Fana na/e; sa...; kwe..., njll;
Kuhlola umsebenti ngekwabelana nalabo lekubhalelwe bona, bese uyalungiswa emva kwetiphakamiso;
Kucabangisisa ngetiphakamiso letihlosiwe kanye nemibuto lebutiwe;
Kwemukela imibono yalabanye, kwesekela imi-bono yakhe ayihlunge lapho kudzingeke khona.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kulinga kusebentisa lokubonwako, imisindvo kute kubonwe ligalelo lako emibhalweni lehlukahlukene (sib: tikhangisi).
Kucatsanisa indlela tilwimi letehlukene tisebentisa ngayo emagama kuto tonkhe tinkhundla tekufundza, kwakhiwe kuchumana kute kusite ekuchazeni nasekusombululeni tinkinga.
Kuhlatiya nekuhlola:
Kwemukela imibono netiphakamiso talabanye ngetindzaba letibalulekile njengetebuhlanga, kubandlululwa ngekwebulili, tindzaba temmango, inhlonipho, nekubeketelelana.
Kucabanga umfundzi ufundze kabusha umsebenti kubuketa indlela lekubhalwe ngayo, sakhiwo nekubhala kahle;
Kwemukela imibono yalabanye, kwesekela yabo bayihlele lapho kudzingeke khona;
Kubukisisa kutfutfuka kwelikhono lekuba sikhulumi, ngumlaleli nekuba ngumbhali etingcikitsini nasetimeni letinengi, kute kubonakale lapho kudzinga kutfutfukiswa khona;
Kubukisisa emaphuzu labe neligalelo emseben-tini wabo, babuye bafune lapho kudzinga ematfuba ekutfutfukiswa.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kucatsanisa tindlela telwimi letehlukene letic-haza ngato emagama etinkhundleni tekufundza letehlukene, kwakha luchumano lwekusita kuvisisa nekusita ekusombululeni tinkinga.
Kuhlatiya nekuvivinya:
Kuvivinya, kwetsembeka nekukholweka kwelwati lwalokubhaliwe naletinye tinhlobo tekusakata (sib: tindzaba letisematseni).
Kuhlolisisa indlela lafundza, abhala ngayo, emakhono ekulalela, imikhuba nendlela labona ngayo tintfo, acaphele lakukhonako naloko ladzinga kukutfutfukisa.
Kutifunisisa kute babute imibuto lehlutekile nekucela inselele ngemibono ngalokubonwako, lokulalelwako nalokufundvwako.
Kucinisekisa imibono yabo ngekwesekela bufakazi.
Kubuketa lapho kudzingeke khona emva kwekuva noma kufundza imibono yalabanye.
UmPhumela WekuFundza 6 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
SAKHIWO SELULWIMI NEKUSETJENTISWA Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Umfundzi utawusebentisa imisindvo, emagama, neluhlelo lwelulwimi kucamba nekuhlatiya imibhalo. Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kusebentisa tindlela letehlukene kubhala emagama langakatayeleki;
Kutakhela luhlu lwakhe lwelupelo kanye nesichazamagama sekharikhulamu ledlelenako;
Kusebentisa sichazamagama neterasasi kwengeta silulumagama nekutfutfukisa lupelo;
Kusebentisa tifinyeto nema-akhronimi ngaloku-fanele;
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa emagama lahlobene kanye nemagama etintfo letifanako engcikitsini kutfutfukisa silulumagama engcikitsini;
Kukhombisa luchungechunge lweticalo netijobelelo kutfola inchazelo;
Kuhlatiya kutsi tilwimi tiboleka njani emagama kuletinye, nekutsi emagama lamasha abunjwa kan-jani abuye asetjentiswe ngalokungiko.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kukhombisa asebentise emabito. Tento, tindlela tesento, tiphawulo, tabito, bondzaweni, tihlangan-iso, tibabato, tentakutsi nebuniyo;
wana ngalokungiko nangalokufanele (sib: Ngesikhatsi aneminyaka lesihlanu, unina wamtsen-gela likhekhe);
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa umshwana wesibaluli nesibali sesabito ngalokungiko (sib: Banyenti bant-fu labangenamsebenti);
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kusebentisa tindlela letehlukene kubhalaemagama langakatayeleki;
Kutakhela luhlu lwakhe lwelupelo kanye nesichazamagama sekharikhulamu ledlelenako abuye achaze emagama lalukhuni;
Kusebentisa sichazamagama neterasasi ngekukhululeka kwengeta silulumagama kanye nelucwaningo;
Kusebentisa tifinyeto nema-akhronimi ngalokufanele;
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa emagama lahlobene kanye nemagama etintfo letifanako engcikitsini kutfutfukisa silulumagama engcikitsini;
Kukhombisa luchungechunge lweticalonetijobelelo kutfola inchazelo;
Kuhlatiya kutsi tilwimi tiboleka njani emaga-ma kuletinye, nekutsi emagama lamasha abun-jwa kanjani abuye asetjentiswe ngalokungiko.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kukhombisa asebentise emabito. Tento, tindlela tesento, tiphawulo, tabito, bondzaweni, tihlanganiso, tibabato, tentakutsi nebuniyo;
Kukhomba nekusebentisa tinhlobonhlobo temishwana ngalokungiko nangalokufanele (sib: Ngobe beselishonile lilanga kwavele kwa-caca kutsi kumele aye ekhaya);
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa umshwana wesi-baluli nesibali sesabito ngalokungiko (sib: Ngiyamati lomuntfu lowente lokungcola);
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebenta ngemagama:
Kutakhela luhlu lwakhe lwelupelo kanye nesichazamagama sekharikhulamu ledlelanako abuye ahlatiye kutsi nguwaphi emagama lam-nika tinkinga;
Kusebentisa sichazamagama neterasasi ngekukhululeka, ngekutetsemba nanjalo nje kucwaninga lupelo, kwakha emagama asukela kulamanye kanye nekutfutfuka kwemagama;
Kusebentisa tifinyeto nema-akhronimi ngalokufanele;
Kuchaza abuye asebentise emagama lahlobene kanye nemagama etintfo letifanako engcikitsini kutfutfukisa silulumagama engcikitsini;
Kusebentisa ticalo netijobelelo kutfola inchazelo;
Kuchaza kutsi tilwimi tiboleka njani emagama kuletinye, nekutsi emagama lamasha abunjwa kanjani abuye asetjentiswe ngalokungiko.
Kusebenta ngemisho:
Kukhombisa asebentise emabito. Tento, tindlela tesento, tiphawulo, tabito, bondzaweni, tihlanganiso, tibabato, tentakutsi nebuniyo;
Kukhomba nekusebentisa tinhlobonhlobo temishwana ngalokungiko nangalokufanele (sib: Ngesikhatsi aneminyaka lesihlanu, unina wamtsengela likhekhe);
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa umshwana wesi-baluli nesibali sesabito ngalokungiko (sib: Banyenti bantfu labangenamsebenti);
UmPhumela WekuFundza 6 EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Uyachubeka Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
SAKHIWO SELULWIMI NEKUSETJENTISWA Umfundzi utawusebentisa imisindvo, emagama, neluhlelo lwelulwimi kucamba nekuhlatiya imibhalo.
Kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temisho fana netitatimende, imibuto, kuphocelela, imiyalo nekubabata;
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa tincenye temusho fana nenhloko, sento, mentiwa ngco kanye nemushwana loyamile;
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kusebentisa sihloko kanye nemisho lesekelako kute akhe tindzima letibumbene
Kusebentisa emagama lahlanganisako fana na noma kutfutfukisa indlela umcondvo lohamba ngayo endzimeni;
Kuchumanisa imisho ngendlela etindzimeni letihlangene (sib: kuphindvwa kwemagama, tabito);
Kulandzelanisa tindzima ngendlela lengiyo kwenta imibhalo lemidze.
Kutfutfukisa kubona nekusetjentiswa kwesitayela:
Kusebentisa taga netisho ngemphumelelo;
Kusebentisa lizinga lelenele lekuba semtsetfweni nekungabi semtsetfweni kwenkhulumo (irijista);
Kukhanyelwa nekusebentisa imifanekisomcondvo lefana nesifaniso (Mongi yingilozi yelikilasi).
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kuhlatiya umehluko ngekweluhlelo emkhatsini netitatimende, imibuto, kuphocelela, imiyalo nekubabata;
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa tincenye temusho fana nenhloko, sento, mentiwa ngco kanye nemushwana loyamile;
Kusebentisa luhla lwetimphawu ngendlela letfutfukile.
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kusebentisa sihloko kanye nemisho lesekelako kute akhe tindzima letibumbene (sib: kubeka sihloko ekugcineni) kutfutfukisa tindzima letihlangene;
Kuchumanisa tindzima ngendlela levakalako imisho ngendlela etindzimeni letihlangene (sib: kuphindvwa kwemagama, tabito);
Kulandzelanisa tindzima ngendlela lengiyo kwenta imibhalo lemidze.
Kutfutfukisa kubona nekusetjentiswa kwesitayela:
Kuchaza nekusebentisa budze bemisholehlukene netinhlobo;
Kuhlukanisa emkhatsini welulwimi lekuba semtsetfweni nekungabi semtsetfweni asebenti-sa indlela lefanele yekubhala nekukhuluma;
Kuusebentisa tisho ngalokungiko nalok wakhako.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene temisho le fana netitatimende, imibuto, kuphocelela, imiyalo nekubabata;
Kukhombisa nekusebentisa tincenye temusho le fana nenhloko, sento, mentiwa ngco kanye nemushwana loyamile;
Kusebenta ngemibhalo:
Kusebentisa sihloko kanye nemisho lesekelako kute akhe tindzima letibumbene;
Kusebentisa emagama lahlanganisako fana na noma kutfutfukisa indlela umcondvo lohamba ngayo endzimeni;
Kuchumanisa imisho ngendlela etindzimeni letihlangene (sib: kuphindvwa kwemagama, tabito)
Kulandzelanisa tindzima ngendlela lengiyo kwenta imibhalo lemidze.
Kutfutfukisa kubona nekusetjentiswa kwesitayela:
Kusebentisa taga netisho ngemphumelelo;
Kusebentisa lizinga lelenele lekuba semtset-fweni nekungabi semtsetfweni kwenkhulumo (irijista);
UmPhumela WekuFundza 6 (Uyachubeka)
Umfundzi utawusebentisa imisindvo, emagama, neluhlelo lwelulwimi kucamba nekuhlatiya imibhalo.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kutfutfukisa likhono lekubona lulwimi lolujulile:
Kukhombisa imibhalo lapho lulwimi lungasho loko lolucondze kona mbamba mbamba akwati kubona lelenye inchzelo;
Kukwati kubona lulwimi lwekuntjintja;
Kukhombisa abuye asebentise emagama lakhom-bisa luvelo kubulili, buve, indzawo labahlala kuyo, temphilo kanye naletinye tindzaba tenhlalo netemasiko.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolusetjentiswako, sib: Kukhuluma ngemisho lelula, lembici kanye naleshubile.
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kutfutfukisa likhono lekubona lulwimi lolujulile:
Kukhombisa tinchazelo lekucondvwe tona kanye netinchazelo letinyenti;
Kukwati kubona lulwimi lwekuntjintja abuye alubhale ngaphandle kwekufaka luvelo magama;
Kushwambakanya nekusebentisa emagama lakhombisa luvelo kubulili, buve, indzawo labahlala kuyo, temphilo kanye naletinye tindzaba tenhlalo netemasiko.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolusetjentiswako, sib: iterasi, i-akhronimi, tindlela tesento, umshwana wesibaluli.
EmaCophelo EkuHlola
Siyakwati loku uma umfundzi akwati:
Kutfutfukisa likhono lekubona lulwimi lolujulile:
Kukhombisa imibhalo lapho lulwimi lungasho loko lolucondze kona mbamba mbamba akwati kubona lelenye inchzelo;
Kukwati kubona lulwimi lwekuntjintja;
Kukhombisa abuye asebentise emagama lakhombisa luvelo kubulili, buve, indzawo labahlala kuyo, temphilo kanye naletinye tindzaba tenhlalo netemasiko.
Kusebentisa lulwimi lolusetjentiswako, sib: Kukhuluma ngemisho lelula, lembici kanye naleshubile.
SEHLUKO 5KUHLOLWA KWEMFUNDZI
SINGENISO
Luhlaka lwekuhlola lwesiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe lesiBuketiwe semaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) sitinte kumigomo yemfundvo lemiselwe emakhono. Kuhlola kumele kunikete tinkhomba tekusebenta kwemfundzi ngendlela lekahle nalecondzile bese kwenta siciniseko kutsi bafundzi bahlanganisa babuye basebentise lwati nemakhono. Luhlolo kumele lusite bafundzi kutsatsa tincumo ngekusebenta kwabo, babeke tinjongo ngekuchubeka kwabo babuye bente kube nekufundza lokuchubekako.
Kusita kulenchubo yekuhlolwa kwemfundzi, lesiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe lesiBuketiwe:
sikhombisa imiPhumela yekuFundza nemaCophelo ekuHlola kuto tonkhe tiNkhundla tekuFundza eBangeni ngalinye ku kuMkhakha weMfundvo nekuCecesha Jikelele (emaBanga R-9);
sifaka imiPhumela Jikelele naleTfutfukisako esimeni lesifanele, kumiPhumela yekuFundza nemaCophelo ekuhlola eliBanga ngalinye;
sibeka emaCophelo ekuHlola embili kunemshishika wekuhlola kuwo onkhe emabanga. Sichaza lizinga lekumele bafundzi bakhombise labakuzuzile kumiphumela yekufundza kanye netindlela (kutinta nebubanti) tekukhombisa kuphumelela kwabo.
Lomdvwebo ukhombisa budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka lwesiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe lesiBuketiwe:
IMIGOMO YEKUHLOLA LESETJENTISWA KUMFUNDVO LEMISELWE EMAKHONO
Inchazelo
Kuhlola kusiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe lesiBuketiwe semaBanga R-9 (Tikolo) kuyinchubo lechubekako, lehlelekile yekutfola lwati ngekusebenta kwemfundzi kulinganiswa kanye nemaCophelo ekuHlola emiPhumela yekuFundza. Idzinga indlela lechazwe kahle kanye netinhlobonhlobo temacebo lafanele kute kusite bothishela kuniketa bantfwana imiphumela yalabakwentile nekubika kubatali kanye nalabanye bantfu labafuna kwati.
Timphawu letimgogodla ekuhloleni
Imfundvo lemiselwe emakhono iyindlela yekufundza nekufundzisa leyenta kucace bha lekumele bafundzi bakuzuze. Umgomo lapha kutsi thishela usho kucala kutsi yini bafundzi lekumele bakuzuze. Umsebenti wathishela kufundzisa kute bafundzi banelise tidzingo temacophelo ekuhlola kukharikhulamu; umsebenti wem-fundzi kufundza nobe kwenta loko lokulindzelwe ngemacophelo ekuhlola.
Kute kusitakale bafundzi bazuze konkhe lokusemandleni abo ngalokungiko, luhlolo kumele:
lucace bha futsi lucondze ngco;
luhlanganiswe nekufundzisa nekufundza;
lususelwe etincumeni noma emacophelweni labekwe kucala;
kuhluka mayelana netindlela netingcikitsi;
lubeneliciniso, lwetsembeke, lulinganiselwe umfundzi futsi lugucugucuke ngalokwanele kute luvumele emat-fuba langetiwe.
Tinjongo teluhlolo
Injongo lebalulekile yekuhlola bafundzi kumele isite ekukhuliseni nasekutfutfukiseni umfundzi, lusetjentiswa kubuka inchubekela embili yebafundzi nekwenta kutsi bafundze kahle. Isihlanu imisebenti lecondzile yeluhlolo. Lokunye kusetjentiswa kweluhlolo kufaka:
Luhlolo-sisekelo luhlolo lwekucala loluvamise kwenteka ekucaleni kwelibanga nobe sigaba kubona kutsi yini lesevele bayati bafundzi. Lusita bothishela kuhlela umsebenti lotawufundvwa kanye nemisebenti leyentiwako.
luhlolo-kucilonga
Luhlolo-kucilonga lusetjentiselwa kutfola bungibo netimbangela tebulukhuni letihlangabetana nebafundzi labatsite. Lulandzelwa kuhola, kusekela ngalokufanele kanye nemacebo.
luhlolo lolwakhako Luhlolo lolwakhako lulandzelela lwesekele inchubo yekufundza nekufundzisa futsi lwatisa bafundzisi neba-fundzi ngenchubo yemfundzi kute kutsi kutfutfukiswe/kwentiwe kancono kufundza. Kuniketa imiphumela leyakhako kute kwentiwe umfundzi akheke.
luhlolo sibutselo
Loluhlolo luniketa sitfombe lesiphelele senchubo yonkhe yemfundzi ngaletinye tikhatsi, sibonelo njen gasekupheleni kwethemu noma umnyaka, noma lapho umfundzi ahamba aya kulesinye sikolo.
luhlolo Loluhleliwe Luhlolo loluhleliwe luyindlela yekubuka kusebenta kwenchubo yemfundvo. Lenye incenye yalokuhlolwa kwekusebenta kwemfundzi kucatsaniswe netinkhomba tavelonkhe. Luhlolo loluhleliwe lwentiwa ekupheleni kwesigaba semkhakha kweMfundvo nekuCeceshwa Jikelele. Lisempula lelimele tikolo nebafundzi lukhetfwa etifundzeni nakuvelonkhe kwentela luhlolo loluhlelekile.
LUHLOLO LOLUCHUBEKAKO
Timphawu teLuhlolo loluChubekako
Luhlolo loluchubekako luyindlela yekuhlola lenkhulu leyenteka kusiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe lesiBuketiwe. Ifaka yonkhe imigomo yemfundvo lemiselwe emakhono ibuye icinisekise kutsi kuhlola:
kwentiwa ngemuva kwesikhatsi lesitsite futsi luchubeka njalo: Kufundza kuhlolwa njalo emalikhodi emfundzi ahlala afakwa lokusha njalo.
kusekela kukhula nekutfutfuka kwebafundzi: Bafundzi baba ngulabatsintsekako ekufundzeni nasekuhlolweni, bati tindlela letisetjentiswako emisentini yekuhlola, bayatibandzakanya ekutihloleni bona, batibekela lekumele bakuzuze ngamunye, bakhombisa kufundza kwabo bese-ke batfola kwenyusa kutetsemba kwabo.
lwetfula umbiko wenchubo yekufundzisa nekufundza: Umbiko ubaluleke kabi eluhlolweni loluhlelekile. Tindlela tekutfola labakwentile tifaka ekhatsi kubuta ngalokungiko, kugcila tikwalokuphawulwa nguthishela ngemlomo nalakubhalako ngalokumele kuzuzwe umsebenti wekuhlola nekugcugcuteleka kumfundzi.
kuvumela kuhlanganiswa kweluhlolo: Loku kungahle kufake kuhlola leminyenti imiphumela yekuhlola lehlobene emsebentini munye wekuhlola bese kuhlanganiswa inchumbi yetindlela tekuhlola, emacebo emath-uluzi kuhlola emacophelo ekuhlola. Kwati kahle imiphumela yekufundza kungakhonjiswa ngetindlela letinyenti kungako tindlela letinyenti tekuhlola nematfuba kumele kuniketwe lapho bafundzi batawukhombisa emakhono abo.
kusetjentiswa tindlela letikwati kwenelisa tidzingo letehlukene tebafundzi (lulwimi, temtimba, teluvelo netemasiko): Luhlolo loluchubekako luvumela thishela abe ncelencele kubafundzi labanetidzingo temfundvo letehlukile nekwetama kuncoba tihibe tekufundza ngetindlela letigobekako. Nobe nguliphi licembu leba-fundzi, kunetinhlobo temazinga netindlela letehlukene. Bafundzi abadzingi kuhlolwa ngesikhatsi sinye kanye nangendlela lefanako. Kuhlolwa Kwemfundzi kuvumela luhlolo sibutselo: Umphumela lobutselwe wemisebenti weluhlolo loluchubekako uniketa sitfombe lesinhle sekuchubeka kwemfundzi nangasiphi sikhatsi. Luhlolo sibutselo ludzinga kuhlelwa kahle ekucaleni kwemnyaka kufaka ekhatsi tinhlobonhlobo temasu ekuhlola - sibonelo, kutivocavoca, imisebenti, imiklamo, kulolongwa esikolweni nasemakilasini lekutawuniketa bafundzi ematfuba lahlukene kukhombisa loku labaku-fundzile.
Tindlela tekuhlola
Kukhetsa kutsi nguyiphi indlela yekuhlola latayisebentisa umuntfu kuyintfo latikhetsela yona, lehlukile kulowo thishela, libanga kanye nesikolo futsi kweyame endleleni lothishela lancuma ngayo ngekwemsebenti. Kuba khona kwesikhala netinsita kumsita ekutsatseni sincumo nobe kunjalo kuyafana, bothishela bayahlukana ngendlela labatsatsa ngayo tincumo.
Tindlela, emacebo nemathuluzi lakhetselwa imisebenti yekuhlola kumele ahambisane nemacophelo ekuhlola latawuhlolwa nenhloso yaloluhlolo kumele ivakale kahle kubo bonkhe bafundzi nabothishela labatsintsekako. Kwati kahle kungaboniswa ngetindlela letinyenti. Ngako-ke tindlela letehlukene tiyadzingeka kuniketa bafundzi ematfuba ekukhombisa emakhono abo ngalokuphelele.
Imisebenti letayelekile yekuhlola
Tinhloso temisebenti lefanako yekuhlola ku:
kucinisekisa kufanana etincumeni tathishela;
kugcugcutela kwenta emacophelo lafanako;
kucinisa bungako beluhlolo loluchubekako lolutinte etikolweni;
kukhulisa kwenta kahle kwenchubo nemathuluzi ekuhlola;
kucinisekisa kutsi umsebenti wekuhlola lotinte etikolweni uhlolwa ngelwati lolukahle kanye nangemphumelelo;
Imisebenti lefanako yekuhlola ingentiwa kuvelonkhe, esifundzeni, esigodzini nobe lakuhlangenwe khona, bese ibhalelwa ezingeni lesikolo, bese icutjungulwa ngaphandle.
KULAWULA KUHLOLA
Bantfu labatsintsekako ekuhloleni
Sikolo kanye nabothishela ngubo lekumsebenti wabo kuhlolwa kwebafundzi. Bothishela kumele bente inchubo yekuhlola lecinisekile, letsembekile nalekholwekako. Inchubomigomo yetifundza kumele yente siciniseko sekutsi bantfwana, emacembu ekuhlola, emacembu lasitako etigodzini, tinsita tekwesekela kanye nebatali bayati-bandzakanya ngalokufanele.
Luhlelo lwekuhlola lwesikolo
Nguleso naleso sikolo kumele sitakhele luhlelo lwekuhlola lwaso lolususelwe kuteluleko tekuhlola tesifundza natavelonkhe. Sikolo sidzinga kuba neliTsimba lekuHlela kuHlola kute bakwati kwenta loluhlelo lusebente. Licembu kumele libe nalabalimele kuto tonkhe tigaba netinkhundla tekufundza.
Kwenta siciniseko sekutsi kuhlola kwentiwa ngendlela lekahle, luhlelo lwekuhlola lwesikolo kumele lucacise kahle:
indlela kuhlola lokuchubekako lokuhlelwe kanye nalokutawusetjentiswa ngayo;
kutsi emabhuku ekucopha agcineka njani kanye nekutfolakala nekuphepha kwawo;
emakhodi ekuhlola labekwe sifundzave;
kucinisekisa kweluhlolo kwangekhatsi;
kutsi kuhlolisisa (kucubungula) kwentiwa njani esikolweni;
tikhatsi netindlela tekuhlola;
kulandzela tonkhe tinchubo tekuhlola;
kuceceshwa kwabothishela kuto tonkhe tincenye tekuhlola.
Tindzawo letidzinga kuceceshwa ekhatsi esikolweni tifaka:
kutsi tisetjentiswa njani tindlela lekungabonwa ngato nakuhlolwa;
kutfola kuvumelana kubothishela kutsi ngukuphi lekumele kutsatfwe ngekutsi kubalulekile kwenelisa tidzin-go temiphumela yekufundza;
kutsi kuphawula ngemiphumela yekuhlola kubhalwa njani kanye nemariphoti;
kwenta kube nekucondza ngalokufanako luhlelo lwekuhlola lwesikolo.
KUGCINWA KWEMALIKHODI
Emabhuku emaLikhodi
Kugcina kahle emabhuku ekucopha kubalulekile kulo lonkhe luhlolo, ikakhulu luhlolo loluchubekako. Libhuku lemalikhodi nobe ifayela kumele ihlale ilungile kulowo nalowo thishela. Kumele icukatse:
ligama lemfundzi;
lusuku lwekuhlola;
ligama nekuchazwa kwalomsebenti wekuhlola;
imiphumela yalomsebenti wekuhlola kuye ngenkhundla yekufundza nobe luhlelo lwetifundvo;
Onkhe emalikhodi kumele atfolakale, ahumusheke lula, agcinwe aphephile, abe yimfihlo futsi asite ekufundziseni nasenchubeni yekubika.
Luhlelo lwekuhlola lwesikolo lulawula kutsi emabhuku ekucophela kumele agcwaliswe njani. Emakhodi ekuhlola asetjentiswa kubona kutsi umfundzi uchuba njani kubukwe imiphumela yekufundza. Emakhodi laset-jentiswako kumele acace futsi avisiswe bafundzi nebatali.
Emakhodi Lasetjentiselwa kuhlola
Tinyenti tindlela lekungahanjiswa ngato umbiko wekuhlola kubafundzi ubuye ucoshwe bothishela. Kukhetsa indlela lengiyo kwenta luhlolo kutaweyama etintfweni letinyenti, njengaleti:
linani lebafundzi ekilasini kanye nesikhatsi lanaso umfundzisi;
kushuba nebudze bemsebenti wekuhlola;
lokufundvwako nobe emakhono lahlolwako (sib: Tibalo nobe sibitelo);
kushesha njani kuniketa bafundzi umbiko;
lombiko uba njani ngekwemfundzi nemfundzi;
lokubonwa kuko lokusetjentiswa nguthishela kuchaza kusebenta kwemfundzi;
nobe kusebenta kwemfundzi kumele kucatsaniswe nakwabontsanga, nobe nemsebenti lodlulile, nobe netidzingo temacophelo ekuhlola nemiphumela yekufundza.
Emakhodi ekuhlola lamanye ancono kunalamanye ngetinhloso letitsite. Sibonelo, kuphawula kungaba kudze, kube kwemfundzi anikete netincomo tekwenta ncono. Kuphawula kubalulekile kubika kusebenta kwemfundzi kubukwe emacophelo ekuhlola. Kepha-ke kuphawula kutsatsa sikhatsi lesidze kukubhala futsi akusilula kuku-copha. Emakhodi lafana nalawa 'Kuhle kakhulu', 'Kuhle', 'Kuncono', 'Akukapheleli' alula kuwabhala futsi avumela kuhlola kwekusebenta kubukwe umsebenti lodlulile kanye nemacophelo ekuhlola. Kepha-ke, awaniketi imininingwane lengentiwa kuphawula. Emamaki ngakulolunye luhlangotsi, alula kuwacopha futsi angahlangan-iswa ndzawonye, aphindvwaphindvwe abuye ahlukaniswe. Kuyasita kuhlola kusebenta kwemfundzi ukucat-sanisa nekwalabanye ekilasini, nakwalamanye emabanga nobe tikolo. Kepha-ke, kuniketa imininingwane lem-incane ngekusebenta kwemfundzi kubukwe nemacophelo ekuhlola.
Kubala kulamanye emakhodi ekuhlola tibonelo, ngulawa:
akukatfolakali, cishe kulunge, kutfolakele;
kuyancomeka, kudzinga kwesekelwa;
emabintana (nobe lokubekiwe) lakhelwe kona kuhlola umsebenti nobe kubika.
Nobe nganguwaphi emakhodi ekuhlola lasetjentisiwe, umbiko uba kahle nawuhlanganiswe nekuphawula. Kunekwenteka kutsi kube nenchubekela embili ekusebenteni uma bafundzi baniketwa umbiko lobhaliwe kune-mamaki nje kuphela. Nanobe emamaki nemaphesenti abalulekile ekucopheni, njengobe kulula kubhala emamaki ebhukwini lemibiko, akakabaluleki ekuniketeni umbiko nasekukwetfuleni. -Letinye tinkinga letiletfwa ngema-maki kutsi angakhuliswa akhwabaniswe futsi afihla lokunyenti ngekusebenta nenchubekela embili yemfundzi. Uma bafundzi bacedze umsebenti longetulu kwalomunye wekuhlola kunekulingeka kutsi kusetjentiswe emamaki lafanako, kwengetwe kubuye kutsatfwe lokulinganako. Uma loku sekwentiwe, emamaki alahla kubaluleka kwawo njengelwati lwekubika. Limaki lelisemkhatsini lisita liphuzu lekutsi umfundzi kungenteka ukwatile kuzuza kufundza lokulindzelekile kahle kulokunye hhayi kulokunye.
Emamaki aniketa konkhe lokuzuzwe kepha kufihla tizatfu tekuhlola loku lokuzuziwe (nobe kungazuzi) kulo-munye umfundzi, bese kuvimba kugcila kufundza lokutsite eluhlolweni. Atichazi kahle kusebenta kwemfundzi kukharikhulamu. Esikhatsini lesinyenti kutfola emamaki lafanako (uma kungulamahle) kutsatfwa ngen-genkhomba yekuchuba kahle. Emamaki langu-70 eBangeni 5 kumacophelo ekuhlola nemamaki langu-70 eBangeni 6 kumacophelo ekuhlola kujika ngalokuphelele kuchuba kwemfundzi lengabe ukwentile emnyakeni lokuchazwa kahle kusitatimende, ikhodi nekuphawula.
Emakhodi avelonkhe
Ekucopheni nasekubikeni ngalokuzuzwe ngumfundzi emiphumeleni yekufundza kucondzene nelibanga,lamakhodi lalandzelako kumele asetjentiswe:
= Kusebenta kwemfundzi kudlule kakhulu tikwetidzingo temphumela wekufundza walesigaba.2 = Kusebenta kwemfundzi kudlulile tikwetidzingo temphumela wekufundza walesigaba.3 = Kusebenta kwemfundzi kutenelisile kancane tidzingo temphumela wekufundza walesigaba.4 = Kusebenta kwemfundzi akukanelisi kepha kusedvute kwekutenelisa tidzingo temphumela wekufundza walesigaba.
Emashejuli ekuchubeka kwemsebenti
Ekupheleni kwalowo nalowo mnyaka, luhlelo lwenchubo yemsebenti kufanele lugcwaliswe, bese lusayinwa nguthishelanhloko nesikhulu setemfundvo. Loluhlelo lwemsebenti lusikhali sekucopha lwati lolufinyetiwe ngenchubo yabo bonkhe bafundzi belibanga kuleso sikolo.
Luhlelo lwenchubo yemsebenti lufaka akhatsi :
ligama lesikolo nesitembu sesikolo;
luhla lwebafundzi kulelo nalelo banga;
emakhodi enchubo yemsebenti kulelo nalelo banga (kuchubekela ebangeni lelilandzelako nobe kuhlala kulelo banga);
kuphawula lapho asebente kahle khona nalapho adzinga kwesekelwa khona kuleyo naleyo nkhundla yekufundza;
lusuku nekusayina kwathishelanhloko, umfundzisi / thishela nesikhulu setemfundvo.
Sitfombe jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi
Sitfombe jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi simbiko welwati lochubekako loniketa yonkhe imininingwane ngekusebenta kwemfundzi, kufaka ekhatsi kutfutfuka ngalokuphelele kwemagugu, timongcondvo nekutfutfuka kwakhe ngekwenhlalo. Loku kusita umfundzisi welibanga lelilandzelako kuvisisa umfundzi kancono, kute akwati kumsita ngalokufanele lapho kudzingeke khona. Sitfombe jikelele semsebenti walowo nalowo mfundzi (profile) kufanele sigcinwe ngalokuphephile, futsi kufanele sihambe nebafundzi emphilweni yabo yonkhe yesikolo.
Lolu luhlobo lwelwati lekufanele lufakwe esitfombeni jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi (profile):
lwati ngemfundzi lucobo lwakhe;
simo semphilo yakhe nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe;
tikolo lake wangena kuto nembiko wekungena kwakhe;
lichaza lelibanjwa batali;
tinhlangotsi letidzinga kwesekelwa lokwengetiwe;
umbiko weluhlolosibutselo sekuphela kwemnyaka; kanye ne
Umbiko lofinyetiwe wekumininingwane yakhe yekufundza.
Caphela:
Sitfombe jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi sitsatsa indzawo yawo wonkhe umbiko lochubekako losemculwini londlulile lobewusetjentiswa etikolweni, njenge makhadimbiko, emakhadi ekufundzisa, nemakhadi eLabhorethri yeTemfundvo. Inhloso lenkhulu yesitfombe jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi kusita umfundzi kutsi atfole lwati lolunhlobonhlobo lolucuketfwe kuso.
Lwati loluphatselene nemfundzi lucobo lwakhe kulesitfombe jikelele akufanelanga lusetjentiswe ekubandlul-uleni nakumuphi umfundzi.
Sitfombe jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi akumelanga siphanjaniswe nephothifoliyo. Iphothifoliyo iyindlela yekuhlola leniketa umfundzi nemfundzisi bakanye litfuba lekubuka umsebenti lowentiwe emisebentini lemi-nengi yekuhlola. Lomsebenti ufakwa efayeleni nobe ebhokisini. Sitfombe jikelele semsebenti wemfundzi ngakulolunye luhlangaotsi, ililikhodi lelicuketse imininingwane ngemfundzi.
IMIBIKO
Imininingwane lekumele ifakwe emibikweni
Bothishela kumele baphendvule kubafundzi, kubatali, eluhlelweni lwemfundvo kanye nemphakatsi wonkhe ekuhloleni bafundzi. Loku kwenteka ngekubika. Kwengeta imibiko lebhaliwe, kwetfula ngemlomo nobe ngek-wenteka, kukhangisa ngemsebenti webafundzi kungasetjentiswa.
Yonkhe imibiko ngenchubo yemfundzi ifanele ifake ekhatsi:
lwati loluzuziwe;
bucwepheshe bemfundzi;
lusito loludzingekako;
umbiko lowakhako lekumele ucukatse kuphawula ngekusebenta kwemfundzi kucatsaniswe nekwabontsanga nekusebenta kwakhe lokwedlulile kucatsaniswe netidzingo tetinkhundla tekufundza.
Kwetfula umbiko kubatali kufanele kwentiwe njalo nje, kubakhutsata ekufakeni sandla nekutibandzakanya emfundvweni yebantfwana babo. Bafundzisi kufanele babike kubatali njalo ekupheleni kwethemu, basebentise emakhadimbiko lahlelekile.
Esikhatsini lesinyenti akwenteki kutsi kuniketwe imininingwane ngekusebenta kwemfundzi kumphumela weku-fundza ngamunye. Kepha-ke, imibiko kumele inikete imininingwane ngalokuzuzwe kuleyo naleyo nkhundla yekufundza nobe luhlelo lwetifundvo (esiGabeni SaboKhewane).
EMAKHADI EMIBIKO
Tidzingo letimbalwa lekumele tifakwe kumbiko welikhadi:
Lwatisisekelo ligama lesikolo;
ligama lemfundzi;
libanga lemfundzi;
lusuku lwekutalwa kwemfundzi;
umnyaka nethemu;
lusuku nekusayina kwemtali nobe kwalahlala naye;
lusuku nekusayina kwemfundzisi;
lusuku nekusayina kwathishelanhloko;
kusayina kwemfundzisi nelusuku;
lusuku lwekuvalwa nekuvulwa kwetikolo;
sitembu sesikolo;
sitfombe jikelele (profile) sekuya kwakhe esikolweni;
Labakhona kukwenta nalabakudzingako
Nika inchazelo yalabakukhonako, netidzingo labadzinga kutitfutfukisa nobe tinhlangotsi tekwesekela umfundzi kuleyo naleyo nkhundla yekufundza nobe luhlelo lwekufundza.
Sebentisa luhlelo lwemakhodi avelonkhe kulinganisa kusebenta kubukwe emaCophelo eKuhlola nemiphumela yekufundza kudzimate kube nguyalo - akukabaluleki kuniketa ikhodi kulowo nalowo mphumela wekufundza. Embikweni wekuphela kwemnyaka, kusebenta jikelele kwemfundzi kuto tonkhe tinkhundla tekufundza kumele kukhonjiswe.
Kuphawula ngaleyo naleyo Nkhundla yekuFundza nobe luhlelo:
Phawula ngato tonkhe tiNkhundla tekuFundza nobe tinhlelo, ngekugcila kakhulukati kubafundzi labaphumelele ngemalengiso nobe labafuna lusito lolwengetiwe. Phawula ngaloko labakhona kukwenta nge-malengiso netinhlangotsi tekwesekelwa leteyame kumaCophelo ekuHlolwa. Lokuphawula kutawenta batali, bafundzi nalabanye bafundzisi kutsi bavisise luhlobo lokwesekelwa loludzingwa ngumfundzi.
LUHLU LWESITSATSISELO
LUHLU LWEMAGAMA EKHARIKHULAMU NELUHLOLO
Lolu luhlu lwematemu langumgogodla walombhalo lasetjentiswe lapho kwakhiwa siTatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe nakumigomo yekuhlola umfundzi yaso (Sehluko 1 na 6 salencwajana):
Kuhlola - ngumshikashika lohlelekile nalochubekako wekubutsela ndzawonye lwati ngekusebenta kwemfundzi, lolukalwa ngekubhekisa kumaCophelo ekuHlola
EmaCophelo ekuHlola -lwati, ngemakhono, ngemagugu umfundzi ladzinga kuwakhombisa kuzuza imiPhumela yeKufundza kuwo onkhe emabanga
Luhlolo lolusisekelo - luhlolo lwekucala lolusetjentiswa kutfola kutsi nguluphi lwati lasavele analo umfundzi angakacali kufundziswa
Luhlolo lolugcugcutela kuhlanganiswa kweluhlolo nekufundzisa nekutfutfukisa inchubekela phambili yebafundzi ngekubatisa ngenchubo yabo Luhlolo loluchubekako
Imiphumela Jikelele - yimiPhumela yekuTfutfukisa, nemiphumela yeSitatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe, lekhutsatwa ngumTsetfosisekelo - ifaka ekhatsi emakhono layinkhaba ebafundzi, njengekuchumana, kucabanga ngalokujulile, kuba nemdlandla nekusebentisa kahle lwati, imisebenti yemacembu nemmango, nemakhono ekuhlola (evaluation skills)
IKharikhulamu ya- 2005 -loku kusho kuhunyushwa kwekucala kwesiTatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe lovele ngemuva kwekucitfwa kwembuso welubandlululo. Umculu wemgomo wemfundvo uniketa luhlaka lwekuKhula Kwemntfwana eBuncaneni, iMfundvo nekuCeceshwa Jikelele, iMfundvo nekuCeceshwa lokuChubekako, iMfundvo nekuCeceshwa kwalabaDzala lokusisekelo. Sitatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe lesibuketwe kabusha ihlose kucinisa iKharikhulamu ya-2005
Emakhono ekutfutfukisa -nakahlanganiswe nemiPhumela Jikelele, imiphumela lengumgogodla wesiTatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe, lakhutsatwa ngumTsetfosisekelo - afaka ekhatsi kwenta bafundzi bakwati kufundza ngemphumelelo, babe takhamiti letitibophako, letineluvelo letikwati nekukhicita.
Lizinga lekuphuma kulesiGaba -lapho bafundzi bacedza liBanga lemfica banikwa siTifiketi semFundvo nekuCeceshwa Jikelele
Luhlolo lolwakhako - loluhlobo lwekuhlola luyahlola/lulandzelela inchubo yemfundzi ngetikhatsi tekufundza kute nabo batiswe ngenchubo yabo batfole umdlandla wenchubekela phambili.
Umgamu weMfundvo nekuCecesha Jikelele - iminyaka leli 10 lephocelelekile yekufundza, ifaka ekhatsi siGaba saBokhewana, lesisemKhatsini nalesiPhakeme
Sitifiketi seMfundvo nekuCecesha Jikelele.-sitifiketi lesitfolwa ngemuva kwekucedza ngemphumelelo umgamu weMfundvo nekuCecesha Jikelele
Kuhlanganisa ndzawonye -ngumgomo longumnyombo wekwakhiwa kweSitatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe, lodzinga kutsi bafundzi basebentise lwati nemakhono abo aletinye tiNkhundla tekuFundza, noma laphuma kutingoni letehlukene taleNkhundla teKufundza, kwenta imisebenti labayentako
Sigaba lesisemKhatsini -sigaba sesibili semgamu weMfundvo nekuCecesha Jikelele - emaBanga 4, 5 ne 6
Lulwimi lwekufundza nekufundzisa Lulwimi loluvamise kusetjentiswa etindzaweni letitsite tekufundzisa nekufundza. Labanye bafundzi batfola kufundziswa nekufundza ngetilwimi letinye (hhayi tilwimi tabo tasekhaya)
TinKhundla tekuFundza -tinKhundla letisi 8 telwati kusiTatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe: Tilwimi, Tibalo, iSayensi yemvelo, iThekhnoloji, iSayensi yetenhlaliswano, Buciko neMasiko, teMphilo neSayensi yekuPhatsa nekuGcina umnotfo
TiTatimende teNkhundla yekuFundza -siTatimende seNkhundla yekuFundza ngayinye lokungiso siveta imiPhumela yekuFundza kanye nemaCophelo ekuHlola
ImiPhumela YekuFundza -imiPhumela yekuFundza ivetwa ngimiPhumela Jikelele kanye naleTfutfukisako kantsi isho konkhe lokufanele umfundzi akwati kuyenta uma afike ekugcineni kwesigaba, kwemgamu nome kwengcikitsi
Umniningwane ngemfundzi -ngumbiko lobhaliwe ngenchubo jikelele yemfundzi, lofaka ekhatsi lwati ngebunguye, kutfutfuka kutenhlaliswano, tidzingo tekusekelwa, tincenye letitiboniso temsebenti wonkhe kanye nemibiko lekhishwa ekupheleni kwemnyaka
Tinhlelo tekufundza -tinhlelo temisebenti yekufundza, lokufaka ekhatsi lokumumetfwe ngulokutawufundvwa netindlela tekufundzisa - tilawulwa siTatimende seKharikhulami yaVelonkhe, kepha titfutfukiswe tifundza, tikolo nabafundzisi Luhlelo lwekuBhala loluSetjentiswa kuVelonkhe (National Coding System) Luhlelo lwavelonkhe lolubekiwe lwekwetfula imibiko ngenchubo yemfundzi
ImiPhumela -yimiphumela umfundzi layitfola ekugcineni kwemshikashika wekufundza emfundvweni lemiselwe imiphumela-lemiphumela isita kugucula nekulolonga lomphumela wekufundza ImFundvo leMiselwe emaKhono -inchubo yemfundvo letinte kumphumelelo, kulokwentiwako nalebukene nemfundzi ngco. Kulandzela lendlela, iKharikhulamu 2005 kanye nesiTatimende seKharikhulamu yaVelonkhe tihlose kugcugcutela kufundza lokuhlala imphilo yonkhe Iphothifoliyo -lifayela nome lemsebenti wemfundzi ngamunye
Kutfutfuka ekutfoleni lwati -umfanekiso-simo wemgomo longuwo ungumgogodla wesiTatimende seKharikhulamu saVelonkhe, levumela umfundzi kutsi atfutfukise kancane kancane emakhono ekwati nekukhanyelwa kwakhe kutigaba ngasinye kuye ngekushuba, ngekujula nangekuba banti
Sikejuli sentfutfuko ekutfoleni lwati -yindlela yekugcina yekucopha inchubekela phambili ebangeni ngalinye lefaka ekhatsi tinhlelo letimiselwe kucopha inchubekela phambili yeNkhundla yeKufundza ngayinye kuwo onkhe emabanga, iphindze iphawule ngelusito lwekwesekelwa loludzingekako
Luhlolo sibutselo -loku kwehlukile eluhlolweni lolwakhako, kumacondzana nembiko leyentiwa njalonjalo yenchubekela phambili ngenchubo yemfundzi ngamunye, lokuvame kutsi kwentiwe ekugcineni kwethemu noma kwemnyaka
EMAGAMA LASETJENTISWA ENKHUNDLENI YEKUFUNDZA: TILWIMI
Lulwimi lolwengetiwe -lulwimi lolufundvwako kwengeta kulolu lwasekhaya:
Kwengeta bulwimilwimi -kungesikhatsi umuntfu afundza lolunye lulwimi nobe tilwimi kwengeta lolwakhe lwasekhaya. Loku akusho kuyekela lolwakhe lwasekhaya kepha kulufundza kanye nalo
Sifanamsindvo -kuphindzeka kwemsindvo lefanako ekucaleni kwemagama (sib: Sahamba sangena saphuma sahlala).
Umcondvophika -ligama lelinemcondvo lohlukile kunalelinye (sib: hleka - khala)
Umcondvofana -ligama lelinemcondvo lofanako nalelinye (sib: khala -lila)
Emacophelo ekuhlola -lwati lwelulwimi, emakhono nemagugu bafundzi lekumele bakwati kuwakhombisa kutsi bayawati ekupheleni kwelibanga lelitsite.
Labatsintsekako -kushiwo umuntfu nobe bantfu labalalelako, labafundzako nobe lababukelako umbhalo (sib: labatsintsekako enkhulumeni mbukiso yemsakato, inoveli nobe mabonakudze)
Imibhalo lengemaciniso -loku kusho imibhalo letsintsa imphilo letayelekile lengemaciniso (sib: liphephabhuku, liphephandzaba, kucopha emsakatweni nobe kumabonakudze, emafomu)
Kutsatsa licala -kusho kutsandza lokunye kunalokunye bese utsatsa kabi tincumo
Licophelo -ngulencenye yendzaba lebalulekile lapho kuvela emaciniso khona, lejabulisa kakhulu nobe ishwacise lugogo, ivamise kuba ngasekugcineni
Kuntjintjela kulonye lulwimi -kusho kuntjintjela kulolunye lulwimi ngenhloso letsite (sib: Ngambona ajikela kaleft) Ingcikitsi -umbhalo ubhaleka ubuye ufundvwe engcikitsini. Ingcikitsi ifaka simo lesisabalele kanye nalesisedvute Lulwimi lweluvelomagama -kushiwo lulwimi loluvusa imiva Lwati lolukuye -kushiwo lwati lakhula nalo ngemagama labhaliwe. Bantfwana babona imibhalo endzaweni labahlala kuyo bese bacala kucondza inhloso yawo. Ngembi kwekuya esikolweni basuke sebati lokutsite. Bangatama kubhala emagama abo basebentisa imicondvo yabo ngemagama. Bangenta kwangatsi bafundza libhuku. Loku kusuke kukucala kwelwati
Luvelo -likhono lekwati kutifaka eticatfulweni talomunye umuntfu umvele lakuvako
Kubhala ngekukhululeka -kulapho bafundzi baniketwa inkhululeko yekubhala ngaphandle kwekutihlupha ngemaphutsa. Bafundzi kumele bagcugcutelwe kubhala kakhulu Lulwimi lwasekhaya -lulwimi umntfwana lalumunya ebeleni lenina. Lululwimi umntfwana lalushiyelwa bokhokho wakhe Msindvofana -ligama lelibhalwa fana nalelinye kepha libe linenchazelo lehlukile sib: libele/libele Sihabiso -kukhulisa, kuchaza intfo ngalokwecile, kwenta ibe yinkhulu kunaloku lengikosib: Ngengena inyoka igcwele indlu
Siphukuto -intfo lephambene naloku lokulindzelwe kona, kusebentisa emagama kusho lokuphambene nalokulokulindzelweLwati (literacy)-likhono lekubhala nekufundza lwati nekubhalela tinhloso letehlukeneLulwimi lolusetjentiswako -lulwimi lolusetjentiswa kukhuluma ngelulwimi. Ifaka ekhatsi imisindvo, emagama, imisho, umbhalo, ingcikitsi nalabatsintsekako
Tindlela tesento -loku kusho kuntjintja kwesento emshweni (sib: uhamba akhala = indlela yesimo; umfanauyahamba = indlela lecondzile)Temisakato lenhlobonhlobo -loku kusho tinhlobonhlobo tekwatisa letifaka ekhatsi imibhalo, lokubonwako, imisindvo, emavidiyo
Kumuntfutisa -kufaka timphawu temuntfu entfweni lengaphili sib: umfula bewugola tintsetseKucaphelisisa imisindvo -likhono lekwati kuhlukanisa imisindvo yemagama elulwiminiKucoca kabusha -kusho kucoca indzaba ngentfo lendlulile, njengekutsi nje bewentani leliviki leliphelileIrijista -emagama, sitayela neluhlelo lolusetjentiswa babhali nalabakhulumako ngetinhloso letehlukene sib:
lulwimi lwasesontfweni alufani nelwasekweluseni nobe emdlalweni)Imvumelwanosigcino -emagama nobe imigca legcina ngemisindvo lefanako lekufaka nabonkhamisaSifaniso -kufanisa intfo nalenye (sib: Muhle njengelilanga liphuma)Kubambelela kulokudzala -umbono longagucuki ngebantfu labatsite (sib: Bafati abakwati kusebenta ngetinsimbi
Umbhalo -kusho nobe ngabe yini lebhaliwe, lekhulunywako nobe lebonwako lekuyindlela yekuchumana lesebentisa lulwimi Silulumagama -loku kusho licocomagama lapha abekwa khona abe manyenti.
