Umtimba weMuntfu loBhemako

Njalo ngemizuzwana lesiphohlongo ukhona umuntfu lofako ngenca yekubhema, kusho iNhlangano yeteMphilo yeMhlaba. Luphenyo lutsi bantfu labacala kubhema basesebasha (njengobe benta labandlula ngetulu kwemaphesenti langu-70) bese sebayachubeka iminyakalishumi lemibili nobe ngetulu batawufa masinyane ngeminyaka lengu-20 kuya kulengu-25 kundlula laba labangakaze babheme. Akusuwo umndlavuza wemaphaphu nobe sifo senhlitiyo lesibangele tinkinga letinkhulu tetemphilo kanye nekufa. Ngaphasi, nguletinye tetifo tekubhema letingakadvumi kusukela enhloko kuye eluntwaneni.

1. Kuphela kwetinwele Kubhema kwenta emasotja emtimba angabi namandla, bese umtimba ungenwa malula tifo letifana ne-lupus erythematosus, lesingabangela kuphela kwetinwele, tilonjana emlonyeni kanye nematfutfumba emehlweni, enhloko kanye nasetandleni.

2. Sifo semehlo (Cataracts) Kubhema kucatjangelwa kutsi kubangela nobe kungacindzetela tifo temehle letinyenti. Bantfu lababhemako banematfuba emaphesenti langu-40 ekugulwa sifo semehlo (I-cataracts), (kuba nenkhungu elensini yeliso levimbela lilanga futsi lengabangela kungaboni). Kubhema kubangela i-cataracts ngetindlela letimbili: ngekwenta liso libe buhlungu nangekukhipha butsi emaphashini bese sebuhamba ngengati buye emehlweni. Kubhema futsi kuhlobene nalesinye sifo seliso lesihlobene nebudzala, sifo seliso lesingalapheki lesibangelwa kulimala kwencenye lemaphakatsi kwerethina, lesibitwa ngekutsi (yi-macula). Umsebenti we-macula wekubuka umbono lophakatsi elisweni futsi yenta kutsi sikhone kufundza, sibone buso nobe imibala, futsi sibone netintfo letincane.

3. Kushwabana Kubhema kugugisa sikhumba sikhatsi singekefiki ngekucedza emaphrotheni lenta kutsi sikhumba sinwebeke, kuncishe sikhumba ivithamini A futsi kuvimbele kugijima kwengati. Sikhumba semuntfu lobhemako somile, ngatsi sikhumba lesishukiwe futsi siphuma imigca lengatsi tifologo, ikakhulukati ititfweni nasemehlweni.

4. Kuvaleka tindlebe Ngobe kubhema kwakha siphandla emabondzeni emitsambo yengati, kwehlise kugijima kwengati leya endlebeni lengaphakatsi, bantfu lababhemako bangavaleka tindlebe masinyane kunebantfu labangabhemi futsi bangavaleka tindlebe malula ngenca yekugula kwendlebe nobe umsindvo lomkhulu. Bantfu lababhemako banematfuba laphindzaphindzene katsatfu kwendlula bantfu labangabhemi kungenwa tifo tendlebe lekungaholela kuletinye tifo njengemenenja kanye nekuchwala kwasebusweni.

5. Umdlavuza wesikhumba Kubhema akusiyo imbangela ye-melanoma (ngalesinye sikhatsi iluhlobo loluyingoti lwemdlavuza wesikhumba), kodvwa kungeta ematfuba ekutsi ubulawe nguwo. Bantfu lababhemako basengotini lengeteke kabili yekungenwa ngumdlavuza lokutsiwa yi-cutaneus squamous cell cancer ? umdlavuza loshiya kuklabhela lokuyinkhwetfu, lokubovu esikhunjeni

6. Kubola kwematinyo kubhema kukhinyabeta ikhemistri yemlomo, kwakhe kungcola lokudlulele, kwente ematinyo abe kheri futsi kufake sandla ekuboliseni ematinyo. Bantfu lababhemako banematfuba lalinganiselwa kukunye nesigamu kutsi balahlekelwe matinyo abo.

 7. I-Emphysema (Umoya emaphashini) Ngetulu kwemdlavuza wemaphapho, kubhema kubanga i-emphysema, kuvuvuka nekuphuka kwemasaka emoya emaphapho lokunciphisa likhono lemaphapho lekudvonsa umoya lohlobile nekukhipha umoya longcolile.  Kutehlakalo letikhulu, i-tracheostomy isetjentiselwa kuphefumulisa tigulane. Kuvulwa sikhala kuleliphayiphi lemoya nekuphocelela umoya kutsi uye emaphashini (buka sitfombe). Sifo sachochocho lesingapheli (I-Chronic bronchitis) (asikakhonjiswa) senta kwakheka kwemafinyila lagcwele bovu, lokuholela ekukhwehleleni lokubuhlungu nebulukhuni bekuphefumula.

8. I-Osteoporosis Khabhonimonoksayidi, lentfutfu lenebungoti kakhulu kuko konkhe kungcola lokukhishwa timoto kanye nentfutfu yeligwayi, inamatsela engatini kakhulu kundlula umoya lohlobile, kunciphisa emandla ekutfwala umoya lohlobile engati yebantfu lababhema kakhulu ngemaphesenti langu-15. Ngaloko ematsambo ebantfu lababhemako alahlekelwa sisindvo, aphuka lula futsi atsatsa sikhatsi lesinyenti ngemaphesenti langu-80 kutsi aphile. Bantfu lababhemako bangaphindze bangenwe kalula kugulwa licolo: lesinye sifundvo sibonisa kutsi tisebenti tasetimbonini letibhemako tinematfuba laphindzaphindvwe kasihlanu ekutsi tihlushwe licolo ngemuva kwekulimala.

9. Sifo senhlitiyo Munye umuntfu lofako kulabatsatfu emhlabeni kungenca yetifo tenhlitiyo (cardiovascular). Kubhema kunguletinye tintfo letibanga tifo tenhlitiyo (cardiovascular). Letifo tibulala ngetulu kwesigidzi sebantfu ngemnyaka emaveni lasatfutfuka. Tifo tenhlitiyo (cardiovascular) letihlobene nekubhema tibulala ngetulu kwa-600 000 yebantfu njalo ngemnyaka emaveni latfutfukile. Kubhema kwenta inhlitiyo ishaye masinyane, kukhuphukise lizinga lengati futsi kungeta ematfuba ehayiphatheshini nemitsambo levalekile bese ekugcineni kubange kuma kwenhlitiyo nestroku.

10. Tilondza tasesiswini Kubhema kunciphisa emandla ekulwa naleligciwane lelibanga tilondza tasesiswini. Kuphindze kunciphise emandla esisu ekucedza bungoti bema-esidi ngemuva kwekudla, lokushiya lama-esidi kutsi adle inyama yesisu. Tilondza tasesiswini tebantfu lababhemako atilapheki kalula futsi tivamile kubuya.

11. Iminwe lenemibala lemibi Lesikontiyela kulentfutfu yeligwayi sicoceka eminweni kanye netinzipho, sitingcolise tibe nsundvu lokusakheri.

12. Umdlavuza wesinye nekonakalelwa tisu Ngaphandle kwalokungeta ematfuba emdlavuza wesijingo kanye newesinye, kubhema kubanga tinkhinga tentalo kubomake kanye netinkhinga ngalesikhatsi bakhulelwe nangesikhatsi sekutala. Kubhema ngalesikhatsi ukhulelwe kungeta ematfuba ekutfola bantfwana labanesisindvo lesiphansi nemiphumela yekungaphili kahle esikhatsini lesitako. Konakalelwa sisu kuvame ngalokubili kulokutsatfu ngetulu kubantfu lababhemako, njengobe nebantfwana labavela bashonile bavamile ngenca yekuncishwa umoya lohlobile kanye nekuphatseka kabi kweplasenta lokufakwe yikhabhonimonoksayidi nenikhothini kulentfutfu yeligwayi. Sifo sekufa lokungacondzakali kwemaswane nako kuyanyaniswa nekubhema. Ngetulu kwaloko, kubhema kubanga kuya enyangeni ngaphambi kwesikhatsi.

13. Budvodza lobungakakheki kahle Kubhema kungonakalisa budvodza bese kona i-DNA, lokungabanga konakala kwetisu nobe inkhinga yentalo. Letinye tifundvo titfole kutsi emadvodza labhemako anematfuba lamanyenti ekutfola batfwana labangenwa ngumdlavuza. Kubhema kuphindze kunciphise bunyenti bebudvodza futsi kunciphisa kuhamba kwengati esitfweni sangasese, lokungabanga kungavukelwa. Bunyumba buvamile ebantfwini lababhemako.

14. Sifo sesikhumba (Psoriasis) Bantfu lababhemako bavame ngalokubili kulokutsatfu kutsi bangenwe sifo sesikhumba, simo lesinganambitseki lesishisako sesikhumba lesishiya tigwabugwabu letilumako, letiyimbicimbici kuwo wonkhe umtimba.

15. Sifo lekutsiwa yi-buerger Sifo lekutsiwa yi-buerger, lesiphindze satiwe ngekutsi yi-thromboangitis obliterans, kushisa kwemitsambo yasemaphashini, imitsambo nemiva emilenteni, ikakhulukati, lokuholela ekuncipheni kwekugeleta kwengati. Uma singalashwa, lesifo singaholela kutsi ube ne-gangrene (kufa kwemathishu emtimba) kanye nekuncanyulwa kwetitfo temtimba letitsintsekako.

16. Umdlavuza Ngetulu kwetitsako letingu-40 entfutfwini yeligwayi tibonise kutsi tibanga umdlavuza. Bantfu lababhemako banematfuba langu-22 ekungenwa ngumdlavuza wemaphaphu 16a kunebantfu labangabhemi. Futsi ngekusho kwetifundvo letinyenti, uma umuntfu abhema sikhatsi lesidze, ematfuba ekutsi angenwe nguletinye tinhlobo temdlavuza ayandza, kufaka ekhatsi umdlavuza wemphumulo (makhulu ngalokuphindvwe kabili) 16b; welulwimi 16 c; wemlomo, wemadlala ematse nachochocho (makhulu ngalokuphindvwe kayi-6 kuya ku-27): wemphimbo (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-12, we-oesophagus (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-8 kuya ku-10); wabhongwane (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-10 kuya ku-18); wesisu (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-2 kuya ku-3); wetinso (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-5) 16d; wesinye (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-3); welipipi (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-2 kuya ku-3) we-pancreas (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-2 kuya ku-5) 16e, we-colon-rectus (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-3) kanye newemdzidzi (ngalokuphindvwe kayi-5 kuya ku-6). Letinye tifundvo tiphindze tatfola kuchumana emkhatsini wekubhema nemdlavuza wemabele 16f.

