








Tinkhombandlela tekuphunyeleliswa kwekuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yasemiphakatsini (CBNRM) eNingizimu Afrika

 











 






Kholwane-2003



LUHLA LWALOKUCUKETFWE
INCENYE 1. KUVISISA I- CBNRM	1
Ikhuluma ngani i-CBNRM?	1
Timphawu letibalulekile te- CBNRM 	1
Ngunini lapho i-CBNRM ingasebenti khona?	2
Ngubani ?umphakatsi?ku-CBNRM?	2
Letinye tetindlela tekubuka i-CBNRM	3
I-CBNRM entansi ne-Afrika	3
KUBAMBISANA NEBADLALI BENDZIMA	4
Kubambisana	4
Badlali bendzima labakhulu	4
Kusetjentiswa kabanti kwe-CBNRM	5
INCENYE  2. TINKHOMBANDLELA	9
Tizatfu tekushicilela letinkhombandlela	9
KUGCILA NENHLOSO YALETINKHOMBANDLELA	10
LEMIKHOMBANDLELA ISETJENTISWA NINI FUTSI KUPHI	11
IMIGOMO NETINSELELE LETIBALULEKILE TE-CBNRM	12
IMIMGOMO LELANDZELWAKO	12
TINSELELE	13
TIMIKHOMBANDLELA, TEKUPHUMELELISA LEMIGOMO	14
Kugcinwa tindlela nemasu ekutiphilisa lamanyenti lehlukahlukene futsi langantjintjana 	14
Emandla ekukhicita emicebo ayanakekelwa nome entiwe kancono	15
Tikhungo temandla ekubusa endzawo nemhlaba nekuphatfwa kwemicebo kukhona futsi kuyasebenta	16
Tinzuzo tetemnotfo naletinye, kuniketa imiheho yekusetjentiswa kahle/ngekuhlakanipha imicebo lekhona	18
Kunetinchubomgomo nemitsetfo lesebentako, iyasetjentiswa, futsi umtsetfo undluliselwa ezingeni leliphansi lapho kunebukhoni khona 	19
Kunendlela yangaphandle yekusebenta tintfo lesheshe ivele futsi lenesibopho 	21
Emandla asekhaya enta ?CBNRM isebente kahle, futsi ayevisiseka	22
IMIGOMO YEMIPHAKATSI, BASEBENTI NEBANCUMI BENCHUBOMGOMO KU-CBNRM	23
IMIGOMO LELISHUMI LESEBENTAKO YAWONKHE MUNTFU	23
IMIGOMO LELISHUMI NAKUBILI LESEBENTAKO YEMIPHAKATSI	25
IMIGOMO LELISHUMI NAKUBILI LESEBENTAKO YEBASEBENTI	29
IMIGOMO LELISHUMI NAKUTSATFU LESEBENTAKO YEBANCUMI BETINCHUBOMGOMO	31
IMITFOMBO NEKUFUNDZA KABANTI	33
SELEKO 1. ?ISEBENTA? KANJANI I-BNRM 	36

INCENYE 1. KUVISISA I-CBNRM
Ikhuluma ngani  I-CBNRM?
Kuphatfwa Kwemitfombolusito Yemvelo (Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM)) kukhuluma ngebudlelwano emkhatsini webantfu, tikhungo tabo, tindlela tekutiphilisa nemitfombolusito yemvelo. I-CBNRM icinisekisa kusetjentiswa ngekuhlakanipha kwmitfombolusito yemvelo, ekwenteni kancono tindlela tebantfu tekutiphilisa. Iyindlela lenebuso lobunyenti yekubukana nekuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yemvelo. Iyindlela lebanti lefinyelela ekutfutfukisweni kwetindzawo tasemaphandleni, lokufaka ekhatsi imitamo leminyenti ekuphatfweni nasekongeni imitfombolusito.

Kuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yemphakatsi (Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)) yindlela yekutfutfukisa lecinisekisa kusetjentiswa kwemimitfombolusito yemvelo ngekuhlakanipha. Kuphakamisa kutfutfuka kwetindzawo tasemaphandleni, ikakhulu imiphakatsi, ngekufaka sandla kwebantfu bendzawo. Kucondze kucedza buphuya etindzaweni tasemaphandleni, ngekuniketa bantfu  tinhlobo letinyenti tetinzunzo tetenhlalo, temnotfo, tikhungo nekulingana emkhatsini webantfu,titjalo, tilwane kanye nesimondzawo. Konga imitfombolusito yemvelo ngekuhlomisa imiphakatsi kutsi ikwati kuphatsa imitfombolusito yayo.
Timphawu letibalulekile te-CBNRM 
I-CBNRM inetinjongo nobe tinhloso letintsatfu letibalulekile: 
1. Kwenta kancono tindlela tekutiphilisaa nesimo lesingusona sona setemphilo yebantfu bendzawo, futsi isite yehlise buphuya etindzaweni tasemaphandleni.
2. Kusebentisa ngekuhlakanipha nekonga imitfombolusito yemvelo netindlela tekuhlalisana kwebantfu,titjalo netilwane kusimondzawo sato
3. Kuhlomisa imiphakatsi yendzawo kutsi ititsatsele tayo tincumo macondzana nekusebentisa ngekuhlakanipha imitfombolusito yayo yemvelo.  

Tici te-CBNRM:
* Kuhlanganisa lwati  lwetemnotfo,tenhlalo,nebudlelwano emkhatsini webantfu,tilwane, netitjalo.
* Kuhlanganisa lwati lolingakahleleki, lwati lwendzawo kanye nelwati ?lwetesayensi?
* Kuncika kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni kwebantfu bendzawo ekuphatseni imitfombolusito yemvelo, kanye nekuba ngumnikati wemitfombolusito yemvelo
* Kuniketa tinzunzo temitfombolusito yemvelo, kukhutsata bantfu kuphatsa imicebo yemvelo ngekuhlakanipha kakhulu
* Kuholela kutimiso nendlela yekutiphatsa, yekuphatsa imitfombolusito yemvelo
* Kusitwa kusebentisana emkhatsini webantfu bendzawo, hulumende, basiti bangaphandle, bachubi betinhlelo, futsi ngalesinye sikhatsi baphi.

?kute itsatfwe njenge-CBNRM ??, indlela yekusetjentiswa kwemitfombolusito ifanele imiselwe enhlosweni yekwenetisa letindlela letilandzelako:
? Kumele ifake ekhatsi  luphawu lolubonakalako lwekusetjentiswa ngjengemtfombolusito emphakatsini, kunekusetjentiswa ngasese;
? Kumele ichubeke, ngekongiwa kwebuwebudlelwano lobusemkhatsini wetilwane netitjalo nekwehlukahlukana kwetlwane netitjalo, ngekubakhona kwemnotfo losebentako, ngekwemakhono nebukhoni kanye  futsi nangekwetenhlalakahle netepolitiki letisebentako;
? Tinzuzo letitfolakele ekusebentiseni imitfombolusito kumele tabiwe ngalokulinganako emphakatsini ;
? Tikhungo letilawula indlela yekusetjentiswa kwemitfombolusito kumele  kutsi lokungenani tibe sezingeni lelitsite letentsandvoyelinyenti.? (Bell 1999).

Ngunini lapho i-CBNRM ingasebenti khona?
Nobe-nje i-CBNRM isebenta  futsi inebukhoni bangempela etimeni letinyenti, kunetimo lapho kunematfuba lamancane impela ekuphumelela, futsi lapho khona i- CBNRM ingasiso sisombululo.  Timo letinjena tivamise kubonakala ngaletinye nobe ngato tonkhe letici letilandzelako:
* Umtfombolusito wona ngekwawo ulivelakancane ngendlela lesimanga kantsi futsi  usheshe uvele kakhulu ekutsikametweni nobe ekusetjentisweni kabi
* Imiphakatsi imacozicozi, ayinakuthula nobe ikhungetfwe  budlwangudlwangu 
* Imiphakatsi ite emalungelo lahlelekile nobe emlandvo,ekufinyelela kumitfombolusito
* Kute ematfuba lacinisekile alokubonakalako lokungazuzwa ngumphakatsi 
* Ematiko ahulumende ete bukhoni lobufanele nobe sifiso sekuyitfutfukisa, kute usite sikhatsi lesidze.
Ngubani ?umphakatsi? ku-CBNRM?
ENingizimu Afrika, uma kukhulunywa  ?ngemphakatsi? ku-CBNRM kusuke kushiwo  ngco 
* Emacembu ebantfu, ikakhulu labatsandza lokufananako  
* Labaphila ngco ngemitfombolusito yemvelo, lokusho kutsi imitfombolusito yemvelo iyincenye lebaluleke kakhulu yetintfo labaphila ngato
* Labaphatsa umhlaba nemitfombolusito yabo ngekubambisana, futsi labasungula tikhungo tekwelekelela lemitfombolusito.

Kuyabonakala kuloku kutsi lomcondvo ?wemphakatsi? usho futsi ?imiphakatsi letsandza lokutsite? (emacembu lanemigomo lefananako) futsi langahlali endzaweni yinye, njengayo yonkhe ?imiphakatsi yetigodzi? lehlala ndzawonye.  

Nanobenje i-CBNRM kumele ifake ekhatsi futsi ibe yinzunzo kuwonkhe muntfu emphakatsini lobanti lohlala futsi usebentise imitfombolusito yemvelo, liciniso kutsi  kuvamise kuba linani lelincane kuphela lebantfu labanelutsandvo futsi labafisa kutibandzakanya ngalokunemdlandla ekuphatfweni kwemitfombolusito yemvelo.  Kuvamise kutsi uma imitamo seyitfutfuka futsi seyicala ikhicita tinzunzo, bantfu labanyenti bayacala babe nenshisekelo yekutibandzakanya.
Letinye tindlela tekubuka i-CBNRM
Tibonelo tetindlela letehlukene nguleti:
* Imiklamo lesita imiphakatsi yasemaphandleni kutsi yakhe letinye tindlela tekutiphilisa njekulima nekufuya, nome bacale emabhizini lamancane kute kwehliswe nome kucedvwe kuncika kwemiphakatsi kumitfombolusito letsite yemvelo (emadlelo, emahlatsi njll).
* Imitamo lehlomisa imiphakatsi kutfola letinye tindlela letihlakaniphile  njengekusungula emakota ekuvuna imitfombolusito ngco yemvelo (tinhlanti, titselo njll.)
* Kusitwa ekutfutfukiseni emakhono emiphakatsi ?ekusebentisa ngalokungashabalalisi; imitfombolusito yemvelo? (ngemabhizinisi etekuvakasha njll.).
* Tivumelwano tekuphatsa ngekubambisa, emapaki emakontileka netivumelwano tekwendlulisela umhlaba lapho khona imiphakatsi ibambisana ekongeni ngemuva kwekuphumelela ekubuyiselweni umhlaba logciniwe labesuswa kuwo phambilini.
* Kutfutfukisa bukhoni bekuphatsa nebetikhungo bemiphakatsi kute iphatse kancono imitfombolusito yayo.  
I-CBNRM entansi ne-Afrika
Nobe-nje letinkhombandlela tentelwe kusetjentiswa ikakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, i-CBNRM iyincenye yenhlangano lekhulako kulo lonkhe lentansi ne-Afrika nekwendlula.  Emave lamanyenti labomakhelwane ahlele tawo tinhlelo, achumanisa kuvikelwa kwemitfombolusito yemvelo nekuphatsa, kanye netinzunzo nemiphakatsi yasemaphandleni.    Letinhlelo tiphindze futsi tetame kwehlisa tinchubo temphahla letivamile letingakahleleki nenjwayelo yekusebentisa imitfombolusito yemvelo kute tibe tinchubo netikhungo letihleleke kancono.  Letinye tetibonelo nguleti:
* Imitamo ye-CAMPFIRE eZimbabwe
* Umklamo i-Luangwa Integrated Development eZambia
* Luhlelo lwe-Conservancy and Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) eNamibia
* Tinhlelo telubanjiswano tekuphatfwa kwetilwane netihlahla tasendle, sibonelo; i- Natural Resource Management Programme (NRMP) eBotswana nakuletinye tindzawo.

Imitamo leminyenti ye-CBNRM ichumene netivumelwano temave emhlaba letasayinwa nanguHulumende waseNingizimu Afrika.  Tivumelwano letinkhulu letinemtselela kumisebenti ye-CBNRM lapha tivumelwano letimacondzana ne-Biological Diversity (Kwehlukahlukana ngentalo), Sivumelwano macondzana ne- International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (KuHwebelana kweMave emhlaba ngeTlwane/Tihlahla letisengotini yekushabalala kanye neConvention to Combat Desertification (CCD) (Sivumelwano seKulwa nendzawo kutsi ingabi lugwadvule. Luhla loluchaza kabanti ngemitsetfo nemigomo yaseNingizimu Afrika luniketiwe kuSeleko 1.

Ngaphansi kwaletivumelwano, naletinye, Hulumende waseNingizimu Afrika unemtfwalo wekuvikela kwehlukahlukana kwetitjalo,tilwane nalokunye lokuphilako jikelele, kanye nemacembu aloku lamanyenti latsatfwa ngumphakatsi wetekonga wemave emhlaba ngekutsi asengotini yekushabalala.  Kwengeta kuletidzingo letihlelekile tekugcinwa kwetitjalo,tilwane nalokunye lokuphilako lokunyenti kwalencenye yelivekati, kunelunako lolukhulako kubo bonkhe bantfu basentansi ne-Afrika lwebumcoka nebugugu balokwehlukahlukana kwetitjalo, tilwane nalokunye lokuphilako.  Lolunako alugcini-nje kuphela ngeligugu letemnotfo, kepha lwendlulela nakumagugu etemasiko nekubaluleka, kanye nekubaluleka emphilweni lenguyona yona yebantfu balesigodzi.
Kubambisana nebadlali bendzima
Kubambisana
Cishe yonkhe imitamo ye-CBNRM ibandzakanya kubambisana emkhatsi webadlali bendzima labehlukene.  Lokubambisana kungetindlela letinyenti futsi tivamise kubaluleka kakhulu ekuphumeleleni nobe ekukungaphumelelini kwemitamo.  Tibonelo tekubambisana lokunjalo tifaka ekhatsi:
* Emkhatsini wemiphakatsi lehlangene  lesebentisa minye imitfombolusito yemvelo ? emahlatsi, emanti, emadlelo, tjani bekufulela nobe bekwakha tilulu,emamethi asemnyango njll.
* Emkhatsini wemiphakatsi yasemaphandleni nemabhizinisi angasese ? ikhakulu kutekuvakasha,letiphatselene ?netitjalo,tilwane nalokunye lokuphilako endzaweni lokuhlala kuyo?nalokunye kuhlwaya lokunjalo
* Emkhatsini  wematiko ahulumende latsandzandza futsi lanemtfwalo wetinhlangotsi letehlukene temitfombolusito yemvelo yendzawo ? sibonelo; umhlaba nemanti, nobe emahlatsi nemitfombolusito yaselwandle
* Emkhatsini wemiphakatsi, ema-NGO nematiko ahulumende ? lapho khona ema-NGO avamise kubitwa kutewuchuba lenchubo egameni lematiko ahulumende.
Badlali bendzima labakhulu
Tinhlelo letinyenti te-CBNRM tibandzakanya badlali bendzima labanyenti labehlukene,labasebenta ngekubambisana, futsi ngamunye wabo banemtfwalo kulenchubo (Umdvwebo1).  Letinkhombandlela tentelwe kusita labadlali bendzima kufeza tindzima tabo futsi basebentise imitfwalo yabo ngalokufanele: Emacembu asemaphandleni ? amvamisa kumelelwa tikhungo netimiso temiphakatsi letikhona, nobe sinye lesentelwe kuchuba inchubo ye-CBNRM.  Tinhlangano temphakatsi (Community-based Organisations (CBOs)) tivamise kumelela licembu lelitsite lelikulemiphakatsi
Baphatselii labachuba umsebenti ? kuvamise kuba ngema-NGO, babonisi(emakhonsalthenthi), nobe basebenti bahulumende emsebentini lotsite, sibonelo; ?ichubo yemphakatsi?, ?kutfutfukiswa kwemphakatsi? nobe ?tinsita tetenhlalakahle?. Ngaletinye tikhatsi kuba ngematiko emanyuvesi nobe tikhungo letenta lucwaningo batitfola badlala lendzima.  Basebenta ngekubambisana nalemiphakatsi, kuvamise kuba sikhatsi lesidze.
  Lababamabnisana nemabhizinisi angasese ? bahambisana kakhulu nemitamo yetekuvakasha, baletsa bangcongcoshe betebhizinisi nabocwepheshe, kanye nemitfombolusito yetimali  
Tiphatsimandla tabomasipala Basekhaya nebeTifundza ? laba banemtselela lobonakalako emisebentini yendzawoa nemitfwalo yetemtsetfo yekuphumelelisa imigomo yavelonkhe leminyenti lemacondzana nemitfombolusito yemvelo   
Ematiko ahulumende etifundza newavelonkhe ? avamise kucala i-CBNRM njengendlela yekuphumelelisa tincgubomgomo macondzana nekuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yemvelo nekucedza buphuya, nobe (ikakhulu) kubukana netidzingo nobe ticelo tebantfu bendzawo  
Baphatseli labaphako ? kuvamise kuba tinhlangano talamanye emave letinelutsandvo lolukhulu lwekutfutfikisa tindzawo tasemaphandleni nekonga  imvelo. 

Letinkhombandlela tigcile kumiphakatsi, labanye labasebenta nge-CBNRM,nalabakha tinchubomgomo. Umdvwebo 1 ukhombisa labadlali bendzima nemisebenti yabo ye-CBNRM.
Kusetjentiswa kabanti kwe-CBNRM
I-CBNRM ayisiyo yalabonga imvelo nalababukene nesimondzawo(sizinda) kuphela, futsi lemigomo ye-CBNRM ingasetjentiswa emikhakheni leminyenti. Tibonelo letimbalwa tekutsi i-CBNRM ingachumana kanjani naletinye tifundvo tekufundza nemikhakha  kuniketiwe ngaphansi. Linyenti laletibonelo lisesetigabeni lesiphansi sekutfutfuka futsi tinenendlela lendze lekumele tiyihambe ngaphambi kwekutsi tibe yimphumelelo.

I-CBNRM ihambisana kakhulu nekonga imvelo, ikakhulu etimeni lapho khona imiphakatsi ibeke eceleni umhlaba kutsi ube tindzawo letivikelekile. Umhlaba uvamise kucashwa kumiphakatsi baphatseli betekonga, kepha imiphakatsi leminyenti nayo iyasifka sandla ekuvikelweni kwetindzawo letinjalo, ngesivumelwano sekuphatsa ngekubambisana. Leminye imiphakatsi seyisembili ngesinyatselo sinye ngekutisungulela indzawo yekongiwa kwetilwane netitjalo tasendle eceleni kwaletindzawo letivikelekile. Kutemahlatsi, i-Participatory Forest Management nobe i-PFM (Kuphatsa Bantfu Lababamba Lichaza Kuko) lisu lapho khona kongiwa kwemahlatsi kuhlosa kuniketa bantfu bendzawo emandla ekuphatsa imitfombolusito yemahlatsi, futsi libanikete tinzuzo letiphatsekako. Bantfu bendzawo bangafaka ticelo tetimvumo tekuvuna imitfombolusito yemahlatsi letsite, futsi kukhona timali tekubasita bativulele abo emabhizinisi lamancane.

Kutekulima, emacembu ebantfu angakha ema-cooperatives lapho khona baphatsa baphindze batsengise tilimo nobe imfuyo ngekubambisana, ngelusito lwahulumende netinkampani letilawulwa nguhulumendes. Loku kuvamise kuhambisana tetinhlelo tekunakekelwa kwemhlaba njengekutsibela kugedvuka kwemhlaba nekwentiwa kancono kwemadlelo. Ekubuyiselweni kwemhlaba, imiphakatsi lefuna umhlaba ivamise kudzinga lusito kucinisekisa kutsi umhlaba lomusha loniketiwe usetjentiswa ngalokuchubekako futsi lokukahle. Lwati lwabo ludzinga kutfutfukiswa ngetifundvo tekuceceshwa, kanye nekuyichumanisa nebaluleki lababambisene nabo kutemabhizinisi.   I-CBNRM ingaba lusito lwekugcina ngemuva kwekubuyiselwa umhlaba, kujulisa tinchubomgomo temitfombolusito lechubekako nekuphatfwa kwemahlaba, kuhlelwa kwekusetjentiswa kwemhlaba nekulandzelela, kanye nekutfutfukiswa kwetikhungo tendzawo letisebentako.

I-CBNRM iphindze ihambisane netekuvakasha nekutfutfukiswa kwetemnotfo wendzawo, lapho khona imiphakatsi leminyenti,sibonelo ihlanganyele emabhizinisi nobe kuletinye tinhlobo tekubambisana nalababukene netekuvakasha. imiphakatsi ivamise kucashisa bosomabhizinisi ngetimvumo tayo temhlaba letinikwe nguhulumende, ngubani lotawutsengisa, nobe batawenta sivumelwano sekwabelana ngenzuzo nenkampani yangasese letawuba nemtfwalo wekubuketa luhlangotsi lwebhizinisi yesivumelwano, umphakatsi wona ube unakekela imitfombolusito yemvelo nekuphatfwa kwemhlaba.  Indlela yekubuka tintfo ngeliso le-CBNRM iphindze ihambisane nekuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yemanti. Imiphakatsi ingaba yincenye ye-Catchment Management Agencies, yakhe i-Water Users Associations (Inhlangano Yalabasebentisa Emanti) nobe yakhe i-Catchment Management Forums. Loku kudzinga lusito lwebaphatseli bahulumende njenge-Dept of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) (Litiko Letemanti Nemahlatsi ) naBomasipalati Betifundza. 

Ezingeni lahumende wasekhaya, kuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yemvelo kuyincenye lebalulekile yenchubo ye-Integrated Development Planning (IDP) (Kuhlela Kutfutfukisa Lokuhlanganisako), legunyatwe yi-Municipal Systems Act (nguMtsetfo Wenchubo Yabomasipala), futsi naku-Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategies (nakuMasu Ekutfutfukisa Tindzawo Tasemaphandleni Ngalokuhlanganisako Nalokuchubekako). Emaseko lamatsatfu enchubo ye-IDP ngulankha: kunciphisa buphuya; kutfutfukiswa lokuchubekako kwabomasipala; nekuphatfwa kwesimondzawo lokukakahle. Loku kuchumana kahle kakhulu nemigomo ye-CBNRM: kunciphisa buphuya; kutfutfukisa tikhungo; nekusetjentiswa ngalokuchubekako imitfombolusito yemvelo. Ngako-ke imigomo ye-IDP neye-CNRM ihambisana ngelizinga lelisetulu. Luhlangotsi lwesibili lwenchubo ye-IDP loluchumana kahle kakhulu ne-CBNRM, kulandzelela nekuhlola njalo-nje lokwakhe ema-IDP. Indlela yekufundza nekusebentisa ledzingwa yinchubo ye-IDP iyafanana nendlela yekuphatsa lokusebentisekako lekukhulnywa ngayo ku-CBNRM. Ngako-ke i-IDP iveta litfuba lekuphakama ukhombise umdlandla ekuphatfweni kwemitfombolusito yemvelo, ezingeni lendzawo, etindzaweni lapho khona imitfombolusito yemvelo beyinganakekelwa (sibonelo, tindzawo temiphakatsi emacentselweni elidolobha netabo/emalokishi, indzawo levulekile/lekungakakhiwa lutfo kuyo emadolobheni, kanye nendzawo yemphakatsi lengaphansi kwamasipala).
Kkuliciniso lelibuhlungu kutsi kungaadli kahle nekubhedvuka kwe-HIV/AIDS kutsintsa  imphilo yayo yonkhe imiphakatsi yaseNngizimu Afrika.  Tinkinga tetemphilo tintsintsa tonkhe tinhlangaotsi temphilo yemphakatsi, futsi nemiklamo ye-CBNRM ayisisali ngaphandle. Nobe-nje imitamo ye-CBNRM ivamise kukhinyabetwa kakhulu tinkinga tetemphilo emiphakatsini, i-CBRNM inemandla ekuniketa imiphakatsi lusito lwangempela.  Tikhungo nekubambisana lokutfutfukiselwa kusita imisebenti tinganiketa sisekelo sekubukana naletinkinga tetemphilo.  I-CBNRM ingaphindze futsi yente kancono sicinisekiso sekudla nekudla kahle kwemiphakatsi, sibonelo, kuphatsa tilwane netitjalo tasendle nemitfombolusito yekufuya tinhlanti kute kube khona kukhicitwa lokuchubekako kwema-protein (takhimtimba) nekuphatsa imitfombolusito yetitjalo njengetitselo nemibhidvo yesiganga nalelinywako. Kusebentisa nekuphatsa ngekuhlakanipha imitfombolusito yemvelo kungasita imiphakatsi ikwati kuphila nencindzetelo lekhulako lebangelwa kubhedvuka kwetinkinga tetemphilo njenge-HIV/AIDS letiyibeka etikwemitfombolusito yemvelo, ikakhulu etingodvweni letitsite tekwakha emabhokisi ebafi, tinkhuni letibaswa ngemingcwabo, kanye netitjalo letelapha tinkhomba talesifo. Kwekugcina imitamo lesebentako ye-CBNRM ingasusa incindzetelo yetetimali nalokunye kucindzeteleka emindenini. Kuhlomisa emalunga emiphakatsi ngemitamo ye-CBNRM ngulenye yetindlela tekusita imindeni ikwati kubukana netinkinga tetemphilo.

Kutemfundvo, i-CBNRM sicalo/imphendvulo lenhle kakhulu kutemfundvo lesisekelo yebantfu labadzala. Bantfu lababandzakanyeka kumitamo ye-CBNRM badzinga kuceceshwa  kute bente kancono emakhono abo ekubala nekwati kufundza nekubhala. Ngisho nasezingeni lesikolwa i-CBNRM ingafakwa ngalokwakhako etinhlelweni tetifundvo temakhono ekuphila, imetamatiki, ibhayoloji nesayensi. Loku kungasebenta kakhulu etikolweni tasemaphandleni, lapho khona bafundzi ngemphumelelo lenkhulu babandzakanyeke etinhlelweni te-CBNRM tekulandzelela nekuphenya. Tikolwa tasemaphandleni nabothishela bangulababambisene kahle kakhulu ne-CBNRM ngekuniketa tindzawo temihlangano nemihlanganotikolwa, baniketa takhiwo netimiso tekuchumana, futsi bafaka neligalelo lemakhono lalivelakance njenge kubala nekufundza nekubhala lekumatima kukutfola etindzaweni tasemaphandleni.  

I-CBNRM ingaphindze inikete litfuba labatsintsekako labasengcupheni, sibonelo bomake nalabaphuyile basemaphandleni, kutsi babeke imibono yabo futsi bavakalise naloko lokubakhatsatako. Loku kungenca yekutibandzakanya kwe-CBNRM, kepha futsi kungenca yekutsi tincenye letinyenti te-CBNRM tinguletivusa lunako kakhulu kutincenye temphakatsi letiphuye kakhulu naletisengcupheni.


Umdvwebo 1. Labadlala indzima nemisebenti yabo ku-CBNRM

INCENYE 2. TINKHOMBANDLELA
Tizatfu tekushicilela letinkhombandlela
Ematiko lamanyenti ahulumende anetinchubomigomo letenele tekubukana nebudlelwano emkhatsini yebantfu, buphuya nemitfombolusito yemvelo emiphakatsini (CBNRM). Nobe kunjalo, kunekusilela lokubonakalako kwekuchazwa kuphumelelisa lokuphatsekako kwetinhlelo te-CBNRM emkhatsini webaphatseli  netinhlangano letibukene naletinchubo.  Ngako-ke kuphindze futsi kubekhona, kungabambisani emkhatsini weMatiko nalabanye badlali bendzima emikhakheni leyehlukene, esikhatsini lesinyenti.  Basebenti labatinyenti abavisisi kutsi i-CBNRM imacondzana nani nobe banemibono leyehlukene kutsi kumele iphunyeleliswe kanjani.

Kwengeta, kungenteka kutsi bantfu emikhakheni leminyenti leyehlukene abacapheli/ababoni kutsi umsebenti labawentako uyincenye yendlela lebanti yekutfutfukisa lengena ngaphansi kwaleligama-CBNRM.  Letinkhombandlela ticondze kucacisa kutibandzakanya netindzima tebasebenti bahulumende nalabanye kutinchubo te- CBNRM.

Umbiko waphambilini lobhalwe?Umbiko losesikhatsini wemitsetfo netinchubomgomo leseka tinhlobo tetinhlelo tekuphatfwa kwemitfomblusito yemvelo lesemiphakatsini-(CBNRM) yaseNingizimu Afrika?1 wakhombisa kutsi kunetinchubomgomo letenele tekukhomba i-CBNRM indlela, kepha wagcina ngekutsi: ?kunesidzingo sekwenta imikhombandlela lehlanganisa ematiko yekubukana nebantfu le ngekwemlandvo bebancishwe ematfuba labaphatsa imitfombolusito ngekubambisana, futsi labanelwati lwemasiko labangenta ngayo ligalelo enchubeni yekuhlela nekuphatsa? (Likh. 28). Tinkinga ekuphumeleliseni i-CBNRM taholela ekubeni khona kwalomculu wetikhombandlela.

Imigomo lebalulekile yaletinkhombandlela ngulena:
1. Kunika bonkhe labatsintsekako kuvisisa lokwabelwanako kwenchubo ye- CBNRM, loko kusho kutsi .:
* Iyini i-CBNRM
* Tinhloso te-CBNRM
* Tinselele letinkhulu te-CBNRM
* Tinchubomgomo letisisekelo te-CBNRM
* Tici letibalulekile lekumele ticatjangwe nakuphunyeleliswa i-CBNRM
* Tindzima letidlalwa ngulabatsintsekako nemitfwalo yabo ku-CBNRM. 

2. Kusita wonkhe muntfu avisise indzima layidlalako nemitfwalo yakhe, nayo yonkhe yalabanye kutinhlelo te- CBNRM kute:
* Kuphunyeleliswe lokubekwe etinhlelweni te- CBNRM 
* Kulandzelelwe futsi kuhlolwe kuphumelelisa kwabo lokuyimphumelelo, nekusebenta kwawonkhe muntfu 
* Kubanjiswane  emkhatsini wabo futsi kusetjentiswane ngalokuyimphumelelo 
* Kulandzelwe ?indlela yekutiphatsa? ngekuya kwendzima lechaziwe ledlalwa ngumuntfu ngamunye netibopho takhe
* Kukhuliswe ematfuba emiphumela leyimphumelelo etinhlelweni te-CBNRM.

Nobe kunjalo, kute siciniseko sekutsi imiphumela yayo yonkhe imitamo ye-CBNRM lelandzela letinkhombandlela itawuba yimphumelelo. Inhloso lebalulekile kutsi letinkhombandlela, nekuvisisa kwetfu kancono i-CBNRM, kungaholela ekuphumeleleni futsi kunciphise ematfuba ekungaphumeleli kwemitamo.  
Kugcila nenhloso yaletinkhombandlela 
Lwati lolunyenti selutfoliwe ku-CBNRM, kuvelonkhe, etifundzeni kuto tonkhe tifundza temave eSADC nakumhlaba wonkhe, kuleminyaka lengu-10 leyendlulile, futsi lokunyenti kwaloko kutsetfwe kwasetjentiswa ekushicileleni letinkhombandlela.    Imininingwane lebanti macondzana netenchubo te-CBNRM ticokelelwe bacwaningi nalabanye, naloku futsi kufake ligalelo.  Akukakhoneki kufaka yonkhe imininingwane lekhona. Lokugcizelelwako-ke kumacondzana ?nalesifuna kukwati ngempela?, kanye futsi ?nalesikudzinga ngempela?, kute sente i-CBNRM isebente kancono.

Umphumela lobaluleke kakhulu watinkhombandlela kutfola kubambisana lokukhulu emakhatsini webantfu bendzawo, indzawo, sifundza sendzawo, hulumende wesigodzi nesifundza, labasita nemikhakha yemabhizinisi angasese.
Tentelwe bani letikhombandlela
Letinkhombandlela tentelwe kukhomba indlea nekusita bonkhe lababandzakanyekako ekuphumeleliseni imitamo ye-CBNRM.  Imikhakha leminyenti leyehlukene iyabandzakanyeka, nobe itsintfwa yimiklamo yeluhlobo lwe- CBNRM. Loku kufaka ekhatsi:
* Tekulima 
* Kuphatfwa kwetemasiko Nemafa
* Kutfutfikiswa kwetemnotfo
* Temfundvo
* Tekufuya tinhlati
* Temahlatsi
* Tetemphilo
* Temcebo waphansi
* Kongiwa kwemvelo 
* Tekuvakasha 
* Kuphatfwa kwemanti.

Kuloluhlobo kutawugcilwa kakhulu kulabo lababandzakanyekako ?labaphansi?, sibonelo, njengemiphakatsi, lababachuba luhlelo, tikhulu/basebenti, nobe labasebentako, nakulabakha tinchubomgomo futsi.  Labanye labatsintsekako njengebaphi nemikhakha yangasese itawutfola lomculu ulusito lolukhulu. Kucondvwe kucaciswa tindzima letidlalwa ngulabatsintsekako nemitfwalo yabo.  
Letinkhombandlela Tisetjentiswa Nini Futsi Kuphi 
Tigaba letehlukene taletinkhombndlela tiniketa bantfu emikhakheni leyehlukene imininingwane lebalulekile letawubasita ekudlaleni kahle kakhulu tindzima tabo.    Sigaba sekucala sikhuluma ngemigomo jikelele netinselele letihambisana nawonkhe muntfu losebenta ku-CBNRM.  Esigabeni sesibili, kuchazwe tinchubomgomo talamacembu lamakhulu lamatsatfu ladlala indzima: imiphakatsi, labasebentako nalabancuma tinchubomgomo.

Letinkhombandlela kumele tinikte luhlaka loluhle lwako kokubili kuhlela nekulandzelela tinhlelo te-CBNRM.  Loku kutawuba lusito kakhulu kusigaba ?sekucala? sanobe ngumupgi umklamo, nakusentiwa kuhlela kwekucala.  Njengobe umtamo ngamunye wehluke ngendlela lotfutfuka ngayo, kuyakhonakala kukhombisa indlela sinyatselo ngesinyatselo senchubo yonkhe.  Nobe kunjalo, ngekusebentisa letinkhombandlela esigabeni sekuhlela, kanye futsi nekulandzela indlela ?yekuphatsa lokusebentisekako?, lemininingwane lapha kumele ikhombise kufaneleka imphilo yonkhe yemklamo.

Umkhombandlela nganunye, lohambisana nesimo losebenta kuso, ungabuta lombuto: ?Ingabe silubuketa kahle ngalokufanele loluhlangotsi eluhlelweni lwetfu lwekuphumelilsa??  

Uma ngabe usesigabeni lesisesephansi sekuphumelelisa umklamo we-CBNRM, ungatisebentisa letinkhombndlela ngekubuta utsi: ?Singalubuketa kanjani loluhlangotsi eluhlelweni lwetfu lolutsite??

Etigabeni takamuva, letinkhombandlela tingasetjentiselwa kusita kulandzelela nekuhlola ngekubona tici letifaka ligalelo ngalokwakhako nangalokungakhi kumiphumela yemklamo. Lapha ungabuta utsi: ?Ngutiphi tici letibanga tinkinga letinkhulu? yini lesingayenta kute sente simo sibe ncono??

Nobe akusiyo yonkhe imininingwane lengahambisana nesimo sakho kutawusita kakhulu kufundza ngetindzima letidlalwako nemitfwalo yalabanye labatsintsekako lenisebentisana nabo.

IMIGOMO NETINSELELE LETIBALULEKILE TE-CBNRM
Imigomo lelandzelwako
Imigomo timiso letibalulekile lekumele tilandzelwe nakuphunyelelilswa i-CBNRM.  Titikhombandlela leticondzisa kucabanga netento tetfu.  Imigomo jikelele lebalulekile lekumele siyati:

Kugcinwa tindlela tekutiphilisa  letinyenti letehlukene futsi letifanela simo
Bantfu bayachubeka basebentisa ematfuba lamanyenti lehlukene ekutiphilisa.  Bayalima, bayafuya, batsengisa emacandza, benta imisebenti yetandla, basebentisa emandla abo/bayatisebentela, bakha titjalo temitsi yekwelapha, basika tjani bekufulela, bacokelela lokudliwako elwandle, baniketa tinsita tebavakashi, nalokunye lokunyenti.   
Kuyagcinwa nobe kwentiwe kancono kukhicitwa kwemitfombolusito
Linani lemitfombolusito yemvelo ayihlali injalo kuphela, kepha iyangeteka, ngekuphatfwa kahle.  Tinyenti timbaza letikhula emadvwaleni, tindzawo letinkhulu tetjani lobuncono, titfombo nemahlumela etihlahla letinconotwako ayakhula emahlatsini, linani letilwane liyakhula
Kumiswe tikhungo tabohulumende basekhaya nemhlaba nekuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito
Kunetimiso tendzawo futsi tiyaphunyeleliswa. Inhlangano yekuphatsa yendzawo isebenta kahle futsi inaka umsebenti wayo.  Isebentisana nemalunga emphakatsi nalesebentisana nebangaphandle kucinisekisa kutsi imitamo ye-CBNRM izuzisa bantfu nemitfombolusito yemvelo.
Temnotfo naletinye tinzunzo kuniketa tihahiso tekusebentisa ngekuhlakanipha imitfombolusito
Bantfu baklonyeliswa kahle ngemitamo yabo yekunakekela imitfombolusito yabo.    Bagcina lekota labavumelene ngayo kutsi batawuyisebentisa, batfola intsengo lenhle yasetimakethe ngemikhicito yabo, futsi matentela imali leyengetiwe ngekwenta imisebenti yabo kuletinye tindzawo. Tingadzi temphakatsi tigadza lihlatsi, siganga setjani nobe lidamu kute bavimbele bantfu bangaphandle kutsi bangatsatsi titjalo netilwane.
Kunetinchubomgomo nemitsetfo lesebentako, iyaphunyeleliswa, futsi emandla ahliselwa kulabasezingeni leliphansi lapho khona kunemakhono
Lemitsetfo iyabuketwa futsi kwentiwe nesiciniseko sekutsi iyagcinwa, futsi bantfu baniketwa lilungelo nemtfwalo wekutitsatsela tabo tincumo ngekusetjentiswa kwemitfombolusito yabo.  Tikhatsi tekuvuna nobe kusebentisa imitfombolusito incunywa ngumphakatsi ngekwelulekwa bocwepheshe.
Kunekusebenta lokuvakalako nalokunekutiphendvulela lokuvela ngaphandle
Umphakatsi usebentisana ne-NGO yendzawo levisisa kahle  simo setenhlalo nemasiko, futsi lenebukadzebona ekuphatfweni kwemitfombolusito kulendzawo.  Indlela yabo yekubuka tintfo yekwabelana ngelwati lwabo nekukhutsata umphakatsi kufaka ligalelo lebukadzebona nekuvisisa kwawo.
Emandla elizinga lendzawo ayatsandzeka ku-CBNRM, futsi ayevisiseka
Bantfu emphakatsini labanemtselela lobanti, buholi bendzabuko nemadvodza lamadzala, batinikele ngekweliciniso ekwenteni siciniseko sekutsi wonkhe muntfu uzuza ngekulinga ngendlela lekungakhonakala ngayo.  Basebenta kamatima ekwenteni siciniseko sekutsi emalunga lanemandla akengameli agodle lenchubo. Wonkhe muntfu uyabona kutsi bobani bantfu labanemtselela.
Tinselele 
Kuphumelelisa i-CBNRM kuvamisa kuhlangabetana netinselele letinyenti. Letinye tato tetayelekile kumitamo ye-CBNRM.  Ngaphambi kwekutsi kucalwe nobe nguyiphi imitamo, kubalulekile kukhumbula loku: 
* Lindzela kwehlukana nemehluko kumunye.
* Ungatisebentisi letikhombandlela njengobe tinjalo (sengatsi ngutona tona kute lokungengetwa). Bani ngulovumako kuhlola kutsi iyasebenta yini futsi ufake ligalelo ngekusebentisa lokusebentisekako. Kepha caphela kudlobhadlobha usanganise wonkhe muntfu.
* Lidzela kungcubutana kwendzawo. I-CBNRM ngalesinye sihatsi ifana kancane netingucuko letingukhukhulelelengoco, ngako-ke ungamangaliswa kungcubutana. Kepha yetama kubonela embili ngekulandzelela kahle bese futsi wetama kukuvikela loko.  
* Nyatsela kancane macondzana nemandla endzawo. I-CBNRM iluhlelo lolusobala lwenkholelo yekutsi bonkhe bantfu bayalingana futsi kumele babe nemalungelo nematfuba lalinganako. Angeke ivikeleke ekubeni ingesabisi labanye. Ngaletinye tikhatsi loku akuvimbeleki kodvwa yetama kukuvikela uma ungakhona.
* Kutawubakhona tinkinga letingeke tivikekeleke kutsi tingabikhona.  Inselele kuchubeka ukhutsate bonkhe labadlala indzima kuletikhatsi letimatima.
* Caphela  ?emandla ekungahambi kahle?. Nangabe kukhona lokungahambi kahle kuyinye incenye lalemitamo, kubakhona ingoti yekutsi onkhe emandla nemitamo kulomklamo ibhekiswe ekulungiseni leyo nkinga, kuvamise kutsi kungabe kusanakwa  letinye tinhlangotsi talomklamo letichubekako futsi letiyimphumelelo.  
* Bantfu, ngekwemvelo ?batsandza kudla ngaloludzala?, futsi kuvamise kwaliwa imibono lemisha, nobe ingabukeka imihle kulabo labete nayo.  Ungamangali uma kutsatsa sikhatsi lesidze kutsi imibono lemisha yemukeleke, nobe ngabe loku akwenteki.  
* Lungela kwemukela kugcekwa nekubekwa licala ngalokungafanele.  Bantfu emiphakatsini lebandzakanyekako kumiklamo ye-CBNRM bavamise kukhulunywa kabi futsi bagcekwe, imvamisa bagcekwa ngulabo labangekho kulomklamo.  Kugcekwa lokunjena kungawacedza emandla, futsi sikhatsi nemandla lamanyenti ayamosheka, yetama kulwa nako. Yemukela liciniso lekutsi loku kutawenteka, futsi ungakuvumeli loku kwentele phansi lomsebenti lomuhle lowentiwe nguwe nalabanye.


TINKHOMBANDELA, TEKUPHUMELELISA LEMIGOMO
Kugcinwa tindlela nemasu ekutiphilisa lamanyenti lehlukahlukene futsi langantjintjana
1) Shiya sikhala setindlela tekutiphilisa letehlukahlukene. Bantfu  basemaphandleni badzinga tindlela tekutiphila letehlukene,futsi emakhaya lamanyenti asemaphandleni asebentisa emachinga ekutiphilisa lamanyenti. Loku kubavikela ekubeni sengcupheni nekungabi nesiciniseko.
2) Yati kutsi bantfu bajabulela imitfombolusito yemvelo ngetindlela letehlukene.  Labanye bacabanga ngemagugu etemnotfo, labanye ngemagugu etemasiko, kantsi njalo labanye ngemagugu ekonga.  Ungatsatsi kalula ucabange kutsi bantfu bendzawo bahlala njalo banemachinga futsi bacabanga ngetebhizinisi ngakuvakalako. Futsi ungabalindzeli kutsi bahlale njalo bacabanga ngemagugu langasiwo emali ngendlela bahleli betekonga labawabeka kumacembu nobe kubudlelwano betilwane netitjalo.    
3) Khutsata bantfu labanemakhono lehlukene bafake ligalelo. Hlanganisa tinhlobo letinyenti telwati nemakhono ngendlela lekungakhoneka ngayo. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi tinkho tinhlobo temacembu timelelwe emphakatsini.  Bomake babasebentisi lababalulekile bemitfombolusito yemvelo, futsi banelwati lolunyenti nemakhono labangafaka ligalelo ngawo.  Yenta siciniseko sekutsi kunesikhala sabo. 
4) Phakamisa lwati lwemasiko futsi ukhutsate kwehluka hlukana ngekwemasiko. Kwehluka hlukana ngekwemasiko kuchumene ngco netinhcubo tekwehluka hlukana kwemikhicito, kutsatsa tincumo nekutfutfukiswa kwetikhungo, futsi kumele kukhutsatwe. 
Gcina kuchumana emkhatsini wemalunga wasemaphandleni newasemadolobheni.  Lokuchumana kubalulekile, kokubili ngetemnotfo nangetenhlalo. 

Unga:
* Tfutfukisi imitamo letawufaka sihlava kumachinga lehlukahlukene ekutiphilisa netinchubo tekukhicita;
* Tfutfukisa kalula imitamo lenikela tindlela tekutiphilisa;
* Ngenisa emachinga ekuphatsa letentelwe kamhlophe kutsi tintfo tihambe kahle, kwehlisa ngenhloso bumatima.

Emandla ekukhicita emicebo ayanakekelwa nobe entiwe kancono
1) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi imitfombolusito ingatsengiseka lengaguculwa yentiwe imali nobe tinzuzo letiphatsekako, nekutsi futsi bantfu bayevisisa bakubone loku(lamagugu). 
2) Nakekela futsi uvikele imitfombolusito. Uma sekute i-CBNRM. Yenta kubekhona timiso letilawula kutsi ngubani losebentisa yiphi imitfombolusito, kuphi. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi bayahlawuliswa labo laphula letimiso. Gcila kutindlela tekutiphatsa letesekwa nguwonkhe muntfu.
3) Yenta lisu leliliciniso lekuphatsa imitfombolusito.  Buyisa ndzawonye kuvisisisa kwebantfu nelwati nemitfombolusito nemininngwane kubo bonkhe labadlala indzima bese wenta lisi lelicacile futsi lelikhonako kusetjentiswa
4) Landzelela kusetjentiswa netimo temitfombolusito.  Labasebentisa imitfombolusito lucobo lwabo nelabanye emphakatsini kumele babandzakanyeke ekwenteni lichinga lekulandzelela kanye nekulandzelela.
5) Landzela indlela yekuphatsa lesebentisekako. Beka imigomo, landzelela simo semitfombolusito futsi uncume lokutawentiwa nakunetinkhomba tekucaphelisa.
6) Sisa incenye lebonakalako yanobe ngutiphi tintalo emuva ekuphatfweni kwemitfombolusito.  
7) Tfutfukisa kuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito. Cecesha futsi ulandzelele bantfu labafanele, kubenta bakhone kutsatsa umtfwalo wekulawula kusetjentiswa kwemitfombolusito.

Unga:
* Cabaangi utsatse kalula kutsi tinzuzo temitfombolusiti yemvelo titawuvele-nje tiholele ekuphatseni lokunemndlandla nekulawulwa bantfu bendzawo.
* Kholelwa ekutsini i-CBNRM isho ?kucekisa? kwenta kutsi umtsetfo ugcinwe.
* Sebentisi umgomo wekucaphela (kuncono kuphepha kunekuncesitelwa) njengesizatfu sekutsi ungenti lutfo.


Tikhungo temandla ekubusa endzawo nemhlaba nekuphatfwa kwemicebo kukhona futsi kuyasebenta
1) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi wonkhe muntfu uyati kutsi nguyiphi incenye lekumele ayidlale kulomtamo, futsi yini lokungumtfwalo wabo.  Bambani imihlangano njalo-nje kuciniseka kutsi wonkhe muntfu uyati kutsi kumele afake ligalelo kanjani kulomtamo, futsi wenta loko lokuvunyelwene ngako. Sheshani nente umtsetfosisekelo.  
2) Yakha tinhlangano tendzawo. Kucinisekisa buniyo bendzawo, libandla leliphetse kumele liphatse futsi litsatse tincumo. Lelibandla litawudzinga kusekwa nekuceceshwa futsi kute esikhatsini lesinyenti lente umsebenti walo.  Titawudzinga kuhlale likhutsatwa njalo futsi tesekelwa.  Ngaletinye tikhatsi uma ngabe kunetinkinga letimatima, kungadzingeka kubekwe letinye. Kuncono usebentise tinhlangano lesevele tikhona kune kutsi wakhe letinsha. Kepha tsatsa tincumo letiphilako ngaloku futsi ungabeki engcupheni imigomo ye-CBNRM  nangabe tinhlangano letinsha tibalulekile.  
3) Yenta siciniseko bameleli ngulabasemtsetfweni, futsi abakatibeki. Bameleli kumle babonisane futsi bunikete umbiko emacembu labawemelele, futsi kumele banikwe sikhatsi sekwenta njalo.  
4) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi kunemholi nobe ?shampeni? kanye nelicembu lelisebentako lemsebenti ngamunye lomkhulu lowentiwako nobe luhlangotsi lolungumtfwalo walo. Nakekela ukhulise boshampeni labasha nema-stewards (labakhulumela basebenti kumanyonane)futsi unakekele labavele bakhona.
5) Lungisa kubandlulula lokungafaneli  emphakatsini. Yetama kuhlangabetana netidzingo nekuvikeleka kwesikhatsi lesidze kwalabo labaphuye kakhulu. Beka timiso leticacile kucinisekisa kutsi wonkhe muntfu uyahlanganyela. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi emavi alabaphuye kakhulu nalabo labangakwati kutikhulumela, ikakhulu bomake labaphuyile, bayalalelwa.
6) Hlosa kutsi ekugcineni unikete incenye nobe onkhe emandla, kulabasebentisa lemitfombolusito cobo lwabo, uma sebaceceshiwe batfola emakhono lafanele. Kepha ciniseka kutsi kute lodlala indzima wendzawo losele ngaphandle. 
7) Beka timo leticacile lekumle bahlangabetane nato labadlala indzima  ngaphambi kwekutfola emalungelo emhlaba nemitfombolusito.  Loku kufake eluhlelweni nobe kumtsetfosisekelo. Tfola lusito lwangaphandle lwetebungcweti nelwemtsetfo uma ngabe kunetidzingo.  
8) Nika bantfu kuvikeleka nemalungelo esikhatsi lesidze emitfombolusito nemhlaba. Bantfu badzinga kwati kutsi beme kuphi nekutsi futsi yini lengonakala ngaphambi kwekutsi basebentise sikhatsi nemali ekuphatseni imitfombolusito yabo.
9) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi bantfu bayati ngaletinye tikhungo letisebenta emazingeni lehlukene.  Bantfu kumele bati ngetinchubomgomo tahulumende netivumelwano temhlaba letingabasita nobe tibe nemtselela kumitamo yabo. Kumele bavisise kutsi kufaka kwabo ligalelo kungena kanjani kulenhlangano lebanti ye-CBNRM kulelive, eNingizimu Afrika, nasemhlabeni wonkhe jikelele. 
10) Buka kusimama nemtselela webaholi bendzabuko. Umphakatsi kumele uncume kutsi ngabe baholi bendzabuko bamelelwe nobe cha.
11) Cacisa emalungelo emphahla yendzawo. Cacisa kutsi ngubani lonemalungelo, ayiphi imitfombolusito netindzawo, nekutsi futsi ayini lawo malungelo nemitfwalo.
12) Faka akhatsi tikhungo tendzawo netemdzabu kanye netinchubo tendzawo kuyo yonkhe inchubo. Lwati lolungakahleleki, njengalolo loluhlelekile kumle luhlolwe ngaphambi kwekutsi lwemukelwe ngalokuphelele. Yetama uvisise imehluko emkhatsini wekukholwa netinchubo telwati talabadlala indzima.  
13) Bona kukhona kutfutfuka kwetikhungo lokuhamba kancane futsi lokuyinchubo lelukhuni eminyakeni lengaba lishumi. Inchubo lenjalo idzinga kusekwa sikhatsi lesidze futsi lesichubekako. I-CBNRM ivamise kufaka ekhatsi tingucuko letinkhulu tetepolitiki netemasiko; loku kutsatsa sikhatsi.
14) Tiphatsimandla tendzawo kumele tisungule emacembu ekusebenat e-CBNRM, lamelelwe yimikhakha lehlukene (lokufaka ekhatsi nemkhakha longakahleleki), latawuba nemtfwalo wekuhlelela nekuphumelelisa imiklamo ye- CBNRM ezingeni labomasipala.
15) Sungula licembu le-CBNRM lavelonkhe lekusita. Lelicembu kumele limelele i-CBNRM etinchubeni tavelonkhe letibukana nemtsetfo wetesimondzawo nenchubomgomo, kanye nekuniketa lusito lwetebungcweti kubasebenti betifundza nalabasebentela ngaphandle.
16) Faka ekhatsi tifundvo tekucecesha te-CBNRM kutinhlelo tekucecesha tetiphatsimandla telitiko netendzawo.

Unga: 
* Buki ubeke etulu bukhoni betinhlangano temphakatsi kwenetisa imisebenti yato yekuphatsa.
* Bukeli phansi indzima lebalulekile yebuholi bendzabuko nekumelelwa. 
* Bukeli phansi sidzingo sekutfutfuka lokuchubekako kwenhlangano.

Tinzuzo tetemnotfo naletinye, kuniketa imiheho yekusetjentiswa kahle/ngekuhlakanipha imitfombolusito, tikhona
1) Caciseleka ngalokulindzelekile nalokudzingeka kulomtamo. Tfola  umbononchanti ngalokulindzelwe bantfu, kepha ube neliciniso ngetinzuzo lekungenteka tibe khona.  
2) Bani neliciniso ngetinzuzo letingavela kunobe ngumuphi umtamo, yenta lucwaningo ngekusebenta kwebhizinisi ekubeni khona kwemabhizinisi lemiselwe kumitfombolusiti yemvelo
3) Hlelela tinhlobo letehlukene tetinzuzo, sibonelo, tikhatsi lesifisha nalesidze, letiphatsekako naletingaphatseki.      
4) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi tinzuzo ngco ticatsaniseka kahle netindleko  kubantfu bendzawo labongako futsi baphatse imitfombolusito. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi kunembuyiselo kubo kunikela umhlaba, nesikhatsi sabo ku-CBNRM kunaletinye tintfo.
5) Kumele kube nemakathe yemkhicito walomklamo.
6) Yenta kubekhona emakhono ekuphatfwa kwendzawo, kuphatfwa kwetimali nemakhono etebhizinisi.
7) Bona kutsi tinzuzo letivela ku-CBNRM angeke tisombulule tonkhe tinkinga emphakatsini.  
8) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi kunetinzuzo tesikhashana, kugcwalisa sikhala ngaphambi kwekutsi kucale kuvele tinzuzo letinkhulu.  Kumiklamo ye-CBNRM, kuvamise kudzingeka umsebenti lomkhulu ngaphambi kwekutsi ucale kutfola tinzuzo.  Khulumisana baphatseli laphako ?macondzana netindleko tekuchuba umsebenti? kute kwentiwe kucedvwe sigaba sekucala semklamo.  
9) Labo labatinikela kakhulu nobe labanikela kakhulu kumele bazuze kwendlula labanye. 
10) Cinisekisa bantfu tinzuzo letitsite letingesito tetimali njengekusekwa nekuvikeleka ngetemtsetfo kwetindzawo ekusatjisweni kwangaphandle, kusekwa ngekwebungcweti, ngetimali, nangekwetipolitiki kwemisebenti yekuphatsa yebantfu bendzawo kwakha emakhono lokuchubekako kwemiphakatsi yendzawo, kubasita kuphatsa kahle tindzawo nemitfombolusito yabo; tinsita tekuchuba umsebenti; kufinyelela kutimalimboleko naletinye timali/imphahla yekucala ibhizinisi; kusitwa ekukhulumisaneni nemikhakha yangasese.

Unga:
* Cali i-BNRM lapho khona kute imakethe lechubekako yemitfombolusito lengenisa imali. 
* Vusi ematsemba langekho macondzana netinzuzo
* Tsembeli kubaphi besikhatsi lesidze kutsi bakulungisele emabhuku etimali. 
* Cabangi nge-CBNRM uma kucaca kutsi imibono netento tebaphatseli bahulumende abayeseki imigomo ye- CBNRM.
* Cabangi-nje kutsi bantfu bendzawo bacabanga ngemagugu emali njengendlela  bahleli bekonga labawabeka kumacembu nobe kubudlelwane emkhatsini wetilwane netitjalo.  
* Cali ungenise umtamo wesikhatsi lesifishane.  

Kunetinchubomgomo nemitsetfo lesebentako, iyasetjentiswa futsi umtsetfo undluliselwa ezingeni leliphansi lapho kunebukhoni khona. 
1) Yenta inchubo yenchubomgomo ifake ekhatsi, isebentiseke futsi ibe ngulengakhona kuguculwa. Bandzakanya imiphakatsi esigabeni esigabeni lesisesephansi nobe sekucala sekwakhiwa kwenchubomgomo. Kufanele kukhoneke kutsi tinchubomgomo tingasetjentiswa futsi tipolishwe uma tisetjentiswa.
2)  Imiculu yenchubomgomo kumele kube lula kuyivisisa futsi kube lula kungena kuyo. Gcina tici letibalulekile tibe lula. 
3) Ncuma tinchubomgomo tavelonkhe netifundza letibanti, letingakha sisekelo lekungakhelwa etikwaso timiso tendzawo. 
4) Hlanganisa tinchubomgomo tendzawo netinchubo te-IDP futsi ufake ekhatsi tiphatsimandla tendzawo. 
5) Sisa kuphunyeleliswa ezingeni leliphansi kakhulu, lahulumende lapho kunemakhono khona: tikhulu nobe basebenti belizinga leliphansi kumele baceceshelwe kuniketa lusito ekulungiselelweni kwetiphakamiso temklamo, ngumphakatsi.
6) LiTiko ngalinye kumele lilandzelele kuhambisana nemtsetfo, tinchubomgomo, netivumelwano tendzawo.  Kufanele futsi balandzelele dvute umsebenti umsebenti webasebenti bematiko.
7) Tinchubomgomo kumele tibe nematinyo(tijezise). Tinhlawulo nalokunye kunklinywa kumele kuye ngekuya ekuciniseni sitilobho uma ngabe kuphulwa timiso. Vumela basebenti labaphansi basebentise kucabanga kwabo uma ngabe kusetjentiswa umtsetfo. Simo ngasinye sehlukile.
8) Beka timo leticacile tebantfu bendzawo ngaphambi kwekutsi emandla langamele imitfombolusito yemvelo aniketwe bona. Loku kufaka ekhatsi: kuba nesiphatsimandla sekuphatsa lesikhetsiwe lesisebentako; sungula intfo/inhlangano lesemtsetfweni njenge-Trust, i-Common Property Associate nobe i-Section 21 company (tinkampani letingaphansi kwa-section 21); khombisa bukhoni bekuphatsa lubusezingeni leliphansi; kuba nendlela yekulandzelela lesebentako. Bekela lusito lwangephandle lwetebungcweti kusita imiphakatsi isungule loku.
9) Sungula sikhwama se-CBNRM sekucecesha, kute kuhlale njalo kutfutfukiswa emakhono ebasebentisi bendzawo kute batiphatsele imitfombolusito yabo, nayalabanye badlali bendzima bendzawo, lokufaka ekhatsi tiphatsimandla tabomasipalati, kute bahlale bayincenye yalenchubo.
10) Susa imicabo emkhatsini webaphatseli, nobe yakha emachinga ekwephula lemicabo. Umphatseli ngamunye kumele icacise indzima layidlalako ekusetjentisweni kwemhlaba ngalokuhlanganisiwe, futsi acaciseleke kutsi utawuyidlala njani indzima yakhe. Baphatseli kumele basungule tikhala temsebenti telikhetselo te-CBNRM emazingeni lehlukene, futsi banikeke loku kuceceshwa nelusito lwetimali lolufanele.  Kumele kusungulwe emacembu  ekusebenta e- CBNRM ebaphatseli labehlukene emazingeni avelonkhe newetifundza.
11) Votela kusekwa kwe-CBNRM ezingeni lekuphatsa lelisetulu neletepolitiki emkhakheni wahulumende newangasese. Kubalulekile kuba nemachinga ekulwa  nekuzabalaza kwalabanye basebenti labangafuni umbononchanti nemigomo yetinchubomgomo ye-CBNRM. Ngaphandle kwekusekwa ngulabakhulu, imicabo levimba tingucuko iba matima kakhulu kuyephula.  
12) Tfola imininingwane lefanele ngaphambi kwekusayina tivumelwano letihlelekile. Tivumelwano tekwabelana ngemnotfo nekusebenta kwebudlelwano betilwane netitjalo, kuphatsa ngekubambisana, nekwendluliswa kwemhlaba nalenye imphahla kumele kungangabateki.
13) Tfola tinchubomgomo letitawenta imiphakatsi ikhone kukhulisa tinzuzo tetimali te-CBNRM. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi kunekuhambisana kuloku.
14) Niketa tinkhombandlela kutimboni kute titfole imikhicito yetilwane netitjalo leyehlukahlukene, ngekubambisana nemiphakatsi yendzawo. Sebentisana nemayunitsi lakhona labuketa kutfutfuka kwemabhizinisi emiphakatsi.  
Unga:
* Gcili kakhulu ekuhleleni lokunemachinga lokusinyatselo nekuphatsa umklamo. Kudzingeka inchubo jikelele, lefaka ekhatsi titfo letinemandla lamakhulu. 
* Lweli kutsi kube nebunye: tinkhombandlela kumele titfole kusimamama emkhatsini wekuniketa sikhala sekugucuka futsi icinisekise kutsi kunekufanana, timiso letifananako, nematemu lafananako.   
* Boni imiklamo njengaletimele, njengaletiphetfo; ungamane uyibuke  njengetitfo teluhlelo lwe-CBNRM lehlangene lechubekako kumazinga esigodzi, sifundza newavelonkhe.



Kunendlela yangaphandle yekusebenta tintfo lesheshe ivele futsi lenesibopho
1) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi kusebenta lokusezingeni lelisetulu, ?lokungadzingi kusebentisa emandla lamanyenti? kutfolakala kalula?. Loku akungabi kuphela emazingeni ekucala emitamo kepha naseluhlelweni lwesikhatsini lesidze. Kusebenta kungentiwa ?ngulekubanjiswene naye? lotimisele (ngendlela ye-NGO, lekuboniswana naye nobe litiko lahulumende). 
2) Yakha umbononchati welikusasa. Bese nivumelana ngenchubo, leyesekelwa ngubo bonkhe labadlala indzima, kusebenta kucondvwe kulenchubomgomo.
3) Yakha sikhatsi sekutfutfukiswa kwe-trust emkhatsini wabo bonkhe badlali bendzima
4) Hlala uchumene njalo nalenchubo, futsi usebentise sitayela nemandla elusito lwayo njengobe imitamo iyagucuka.
5) Nakekela kutsi bantfu labangakafundzi bayincenye yalenchubo. Loku kungatfolakala ngetindlela letingadzingi kufundza nekubhala, njenge- Participatory Learning Action (Kufundza ngeKwenta) kanye futsi ne-Participatory Rural Appraisal.
6) Sebentisa tinsitakufundza letibukwako. Imidvwebomabalave, emavidyo, titfombe nekungenela luhambo lwetemfundvo kubalulekile kubo bonkhe badlali bendzima, hhayi-nje kuphela bantfu labangakafundzi.
7) Naka kakhulu imehluko yelulwimi nemasiko emkhatsini walabadlala indzima. Badlali bendzima labehlukene kumele batetfule ngekukhululeka basebentisa tinongo tenkhulumo, futsi esikhatsni lesinyenti loku kutawudzinga kuhunyushwa. 
8) Gwema ?imilayeto? lengavakalisa kutsi labanye bantfu nobe emacembu angetulu kwalamanye. Loku kufaka ekhatsi ligama lemtamo, emagama lanikwe boshampeni labatsite, netinkhomba tetimphawu sibonelo, indzawo yekuhlala, kudla nendlela yekuhlala, timphahla letigcokwa bachubi beluhlelo nebasebenti, lulwimi lwemtimba, nekwekutfutsa lokusetjentiswako.
9) Khutsata bachubi beluhlelo babe ngulabasemkhatsini nebaceceshi futsi. 
10) Nika bantfu bendzawo litfuba lekuchuba luhlelo bachube tinchubo tendzawo njengemihlangano yemakomidi lamancane nemacembu ekusebenta.
11) Gcina luchumano nebachubi beluhlelo labasebenta kuletinye tindzawo. Kuvamise kuhlangabetwana netinkinga letifananako etindzaweni letehlukene.
12) Caphela kutsi kukhuluma-nje ngekutibandzakanya kutawenta bantfu balindzele lokutsite. Loku akugwemeki, kumele kulungiswe kusukela ekucaleni. Tifundvo tekuceceshwa tivamise kwenta bantfu balindzele kutfola umsebenti.
13) Lindzela kuhlala ubandzakanyeka ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi.

Unga: 
* Hlanganisi ?imiphakatsi? ndzawonye; loku kuholela ekucabaneni. Imiphakatsi iyatatisa iphindze ingatatisi ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi, futsi yonkhe imiphakatsi inemacembu lamancane lenetidzingo netifiso letehlukene.
* Ndlulisi bachubi beluhlelo masinyane-nje uma bakhombisa imiphumela.
* Ngabulali buholi bendzawo ngekuchuba luhlelo ngalokunemandla.

Emandla asekhaya enta i-CBNRM isebente kahle, futsi ayevisiseka
1) Lindzela loko kunobe ngukuphi kwendliswa kwemandla, kunengoti yekutsi kuvele emacembu lamasha etifundziswa, latawusebentisa lamandla kutsi kuzuze wona. Loku kungenteka kumakhansela ahulumende wasekhaya, nobe ezingeni lemphakatsi emakomidini lamakhulu etinhlangano temphakatsi. 
2) Yenta tindlela tekulwa nekutitsatsela emandla kumtsetfosisekelo yemitimba leminyenti lephetse. 
3) Tfola baholi labehlukene bemisebenti lehlukene. Loku kusabalalisa indzima yekuhola futsi kwente emandla alingane.
4) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi labamelele umphakatsi basemtsetfweni abakatibeki bona ngekwabo. Yakha emitimbeni lephetse umtsetfosisekelo wekutsi bameleli kumele babonisane nemacembu labawemelele. Bameleli kumele banikwe sikhatsi sekwenta njalo.
5) Tfutfukisa tinhlobo letibanti tebameleli. Tinhlangano tendzawo kumele timelele kwehlukahlukana kwebantfu bendzawo nemacembu, futsi kumele bacabange nangekwehlukana lokukhona emphakatsini lotsite kanye futsi nekwehlukana lokusemkhatsini wabo.   
6) Bukana nekushayisana kwetintfo letitsandvwako phindze futsi ubukete timfuno netidzingo letehlukene emphakatsini.  Yenta siciniseko sekutsi labadlala indzima bayayati i-ajenda nemigomo yabo kutsi yini. 
7) Nika bantfu bendzawo emalungelo etemtsetfo lanemandla etikwemitfombolusito kute bakwati kusebentisa umtsetfo kuvikela imitfombolusito yabo kubantfu bangephandle.
8) Caphela bosomabhizinisi labangetsembeki. Lokungavumelani, kutinhlangotsi totimbili nangaphandle kwemphakatsi, kukhonjiswe njengalokubangela kusongelwa lokukhlu ekuphatfweni kahle kwemitfombolusito ezingeni lemphakatsi. Laba bantfu bavamise kuba nemandla, esikhatsini lesinyenti abanaki timiso nekulawula, futsi bangavamisa kutsatsela phansi kusebenta kahle kwetikhungo temphakatsi.
9) Tfola imininingwane yetemlandvo lebanti, kute uvisise imizabalazo yetepolitiki  leyendlula neyamanje nemilandvo yetepolitiki nemasiko.

Unga:
* Lindzeli ?kutidzela? nelubumbano lolukhulu emiphakatsini yasemaphandleni kunalamanye emacembu.
* Tsatsi luhlangotsi ngalokusobala emizabalazweni yemandla; tinhlangano tendzawo tingagucuka-nje eteni/ebaleni.
* Tsatseki ngekuphumelela kahle kakhulu esigabeni sekucala. 


IMIGOMO YEMIPHAKATSI, BASEBENTI NEBANCUMI BENCHUBOMGOMO KU-CBNRM
Imigomo lelishumi lesebentako  yawonkhemuntfu
1) Hlosa kwabelana kulawula nemtfwalo. Kutsatsa sincumo ngekuhlanganyela, nekwendluliswa kwebuphatsimandla (tisekelo te-CBNRM) kusho ?kuyekela? nekwendlulisa emandla.  Loku kuvamise kuholela kumiphumela lengakacatjangwa nobe lebeyingakacondvwa.  Lena ayisiyo lengaba ngulemibi kakhulu kunalena beyihloswe ekucaleni, kepha kungaletsa inselele kulabo labatayele kulawula timo.   
2) Hlola futsi ulandzelele ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi.  Kuhlola kumele kubukwe njengalokwenta yonkhe lenchubo iphelele. Kumele kwentiwe lucwaningo lolufanele ngaphambi kwekutsi kwetfulwe nobe ngumuphi umtamo,  futsi kumele kufakwe ekhatsi tinchubo leticacile tekuhlola ekwakhiweni kwanobe ngumuphi umtamo we-CBNRM. Indlela lesetjentiswako kumele kube ngulefaka ekhatsi bonkhe bantfu, futsi kube ngulekumiselwe kuyo tingucuko kuloluhlelo.  
3) Chumana ngalokusobala, ngalokucacile futsi etikhatsini letinyenti, futsi loku ukugcine ngalendlela kuyo yonkhe lenchubo.  Tindlela tekuchumana letihlelekile kumele timiswe kusukela ekucaleni, futsi kumele kube nesikhala sekuchumana lokwengetiwe lokungakahleleki.
4) Lungela kuba ngulogucukako ufanele uhambisane netimo letigucukako. Lungela tigigaba lebetingakalindzelwa netimangaliso longaba nekutilawula lokuncane.
5) Sebenta ngebungcweti ngalokuphelele nangekutinikela ngato tonkhe tikhatsi.  Loku kumele kwendlulele kuto tonkhe tinhlangotsi, lokufaka ekhatsi kuphelela emihlanganweni nekuhambisana nawo onkhe emakhodi lekuvunyelwane ngawo, kungeniswa kwemibiko, kubukelwa nekwesekwa lokuvunyelwene ngako,nekuhlolwa kwetindzima letidlalwa bantfu nemitfwalo yabo.
6) Cabanga ngema-ajenda akho.  I-CBNRM imacondzana nebantfu nemitfombolusito yemvelo. Bonkhe bantfu kukhona lapho bacine khona nalapho babutsakatsaka khona, ematsemba nekutimisela, tidzingo netimfuno.  Kuhlanganisa bantfu kutsi basebente ndzawonye basebentele umgomo munye kunetinselele kakhulu, futsi akulula. Yonkhe imitamo ikakhulu leyo lefaka ekhatsi kusitwa ngetimali, yenta bantfu bafune kutfutfukisa tabo tidzingo.  I-CBNRM akukameli ibe lithulusi lekutfutfukisa tifiso tetepolitiki nobe telicembu kunobe ngumuphi umkhakha.
7) Kumele ubeketele kakhulu kunalokwetayelekile. Lindzela kutsi kuphatsa ngekuhlanganyela kungaba yinchubo lehamba kancane, ngalokwendlulele. Baphi nebahatseli bahulumende badzinga kubona kutsi lenchubo yekuchaza nekubhalisa tinhlangano temiphakatsi, nekutfutfukisa tikhungo letinemakhono kuyinchubo lehamba kancane futsi lelukhuni, lengatsatsa iminyaka lelishumi, ledzinga kutinikela kweluhlelo lwesikhatsi lesidze nekwesekwa lokuchubekako.  
8) Hlonipha tinkholelo tendzawo.  Naka, ucabangele temlandvo, tenkholo nekwehlukana kwemihambo nemasiko futsi ungalindzeli kutsi bantfu bendzawo ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi batawuhlala banemachinga futsi  ?bacabanga ngalokunengcondvo? ngendlela yesilumbi. Visisa indlela yekutiphatsa yendzawo, futsi ube neluvelo kutimiso tekuphatsa tendzawo netemasiko lapho loku kufanele khona. Hlonipha tinchubo tekuphatsa tendzawo netemasiko kepha yenta siciniseko sekutsi ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi tentiwa tibe nguletisebentako.
9) Yenta kube khona kwetsembeka futsi usebente matima kukugcina kukhona
10) Khulisa kahle boshampeni, baholi, stewards nebanakekeli baletinchubo, tikhungo, nubudlelwano emkhatsini wetilwane netitjalo, kukhumbula nelwati lokubandzakanyekako ku-CBNRM. Sabalalisa kubanemtfwalo futsi ushiye sikhala sebaholi labetako/landzelako kutsi batakhele ligama.

Imigomo lelishumi nakubili lesebentako yemiphakatsi

1) Nakekela futsi uvikele imitfombolusito yemvelo. Ingate ishabalale angeke ibekhona i-CBNRM. Gcila kutindlela tekutiphatsa, nakuluhlelo lwekuphatsa loluvunywa nguwonkhe muntfu. Sebenta nalabanye bahlanganyeli kwakhiwe kutfutfukiswe luhlelo lwekuphatsa loluliciniso lwemitfombolusito yemvelo.  Buyisa ndzawonye kuvisisa nelwati lwebantfu lwemitfombolusito nemininingwane yalenibambisene nabo kute kwakhiwe luhlelo lolucacile futsi lolusebentisekako.  Faka ekhatsi kuloluhlelo imitsetfo lekuvunyelwene ngayo ngekusetjentiswa kwemitfombolusito. Phindze futsi ufake ekhatsi lisu lekulandzelela simo semitfombolusito.  Kumele ubandzakanyeke kuyo yonkhe imikhakha yeluhlelo lwekutfutfukisa nekuphumelelisa, kanye nasekulandzeleleni.  
2) Sebenta nebantfu labanyenti ngendlela lokungakhoneka ngayo.  Kubalulekile kutsi onkhe emavi eviwe futsi ahlonishwe kuto tonkhe tigaba.  Ikakhulu emacembu nebantfu  labangacindzeteli kakhulu emandla kumele bakhutsatwe kutsi bafake ligalelo lemibono.  Caphela ikakhulu emacembu nebantfu labanemandla labetama kusebentisa lomtamo kufeza tinhloso tabo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kutfola kutsi bobani labasebentisa imitfombolusito yemvelo.  Ligalelo labo litawubaluleka, futsi timfuno tabo kumele timelelwe ngalokufanele.  
3) Sebentisa inhlangano lenemandla futsi lemelelelana ngekwempela (njengelikomidi) itewumelela bantfu bendzawo.  Nangabe sikhungo lesinemandla (njenge- Development Trust), lekhombisa kutsi yenta umsebenti lomuhle, seyivele ikhona, yisebentise.  Nangabe kute, khetsa bantfu emkhakheni lehlukene yemphakatsi labatsembekile, labasebenta ngemdlandla nalabatimiselako, bahole letinchubo egameni lemphakatsi.  
4) Caciseleka kutsi yini lelindzelekile futsi ledzingeka kulomtamo.  Tfola umbononchanti walokulindzelekile, kepha bani neliciniso ngetinzuzo lekungenteka tibe khona.  Yenta siciniseko sekutsi bonkhe laba labanye lekubanjiswene nabo bangaphandle bayevisisa futsi bayavumelana nalombononchanti.  Caphela kutsi yakho imibono ayibekwa eceleni nobe yeciwe ngetulu ngulabanye lenibambisene nabo.
5) Caphela kutsi kunetinhlobo letimbili tetinzuzo, nekutsi futsi letinye teluhlelo lwesikhashana, letinye teluhlelo lwesikhatsi lesidze.  Bantfu labanyenti ngalokwetayelekile bangatsandza tinzuzo ngco letiyimali, kusasukwa phansi.  letinye tinzuzo kumatima kutibona, tingafaka ekhatsi; simondzawo sekuhlala lesincono, kutfutfukiswa kwemakhono (ekusebenta ngetandla newemfundvo), kuvana nekubambisana emphakatsini kanye futsi nalabanye, nematfuba etindlela tekutiphilisa letincono.  Tinzuzo tekusita letingeta nahulumnde, baphi, nobe ema-NGO, tifaka ekhatsi: kuvikeleka kwesikhatsi lesidze nemalungela ekufinyelela kumitfombolusito nemhlaba, kuvikeleka ekusatjisweni lokuchamuka ngaphandle, kufinyelela kutimalimboleko, kusitwa ngekukhulumisana kuvikwe esivumelwaneni nemkhakha wangaphandle. Khulumisanani nivumelane ngaloku futsi wente siciniseko sekutsi kuchazwe ngalokucacile kuwonkhe muntfu kulomklamo.
6) Khumbula kutsi tinzuzo te-CBNRM angeke tisombulule tonkhe tinkinga temphakatsi.  I-CBNRM inganiketa ematfuba lambalwa kuphela kusita bantfu bahlangabetane netidzingo tabo.  Kumele kubonakale njengalokwengeta kuleletinye tindlela emalunga emphakatsi latiphilisa ngato.  Bantfu kumele bakhutsatwe kuchubeka nemisebenti yabo leyehlukene nekutsi futsi bangatsembeli ngalokuphelele kutinzuzo te-CBNRM.  
7) Labo labatinikela kakhulu nobe labafaka ligalelo kakhulu kumele bazuze kwendlula labanye. Labo labatawulahlekelwa kakhulu ngenca yendlela i-CBNRM legucula ngayo kuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito, kumele basitwe ngaleminye imisebenti lengangenisa imali.  Bangaphindze futsi bancempheteliswe (encenye ngekucashwa kulomklamo). Uma ngabe wonkhe umphakatsi kumele ubandzakanyeke, wonkhe umphakatsi kumele uzuze.  Labanye bantfu batawuhlala bazuza kakhulu kunalabanye, esihatsini lesinyenti, ngekucashwa ngalenye indlela.  Emalunga emphakatsi lafaka ligalelo kakhulu kulenchubo kumele alindzele kuzuza kwendlula lamanye. Kumele kucociswane futsi kuvunyelwane ngaloku kusukela ekucaleni, ngobe kungabanga kucabana uma kungayekelwa kute kube kamuva.  
8) Lindzela kubakhona kwesimo lesilusica nekucabana.  Kunobe nguliphi licembu lebantfu, ikakhulu nangabe kunemali ekhatsi, nobe kunekulawula lokuhlelekile macondzana nekutsi bantfu bayisebentisa kanjani imitfombolusito,  kuutawubakhona kungcubutana.  Kulungele loku, futsi ulinge kukulungisa ngaphambi kwekutsi kube kubi kakhulu.  Kuyasita kugcina luchumano loluhle futsi loluvulekile, kanye futsi nekuvumela bantfu bantfu bavakalise luvo lwabo netinkinga tabo.  Kumele kukhulunyiswane ngaloku njalo-nje ngekukhululeka futsi kubukwane nako ngetindlela letifanele. 
9) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi wonkhe muntfu uyati kutsi kumele adlale yiphi indzima kulomtamo, futsi bati nemtfwalo wabo.  Bamba umhlangano njalo kute wonkhe muntfu ati kutsi kumele balifake kanjani ligalelo kulomtamo, nekutsi futsi wenta lokuvunyelwene ngako.  Yakhani umtsetfosisekelo nemibandzela lekutawutsatsiswa kuyo macondzana naletindzima letehlukene, ekucaleni.
10) Hlalani ngekuchumana emphakatsini kanye nalenibambisene nabo bangaphandle.  Kumele kube neluchumano loluhle emkhatsi wabo bonkhe lababandzakanyekako, ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi.  Kwengeta emihlanganweni leminyenti lehlelekile, bameleli bemphakatsi labakhulu kumele bahlale bakhona kuleminye imiphakatsi uma bafunwa ngulamanye emalunga emphakati nobe lekubanjiswane nabo.  Loku kutawusita ekubukaneni netinkinga nobe tingucuko letinsha njengobe tenteka.  
11) Caphela kutsi kutawutsatsa sikhatsi kutsi kubekhona tinzuzo letinkhulu.  Kumiklamo ye-CBNRM, kuvamise kudzingeka kwentiwe umsebenti lomkhulu ngaphambi kwekutsi kufolwe tinzuzo.  Indzima lebalulekile ledlalwa bameleli bemphakatsi kugcina umphakatsi ukhutsateka futsi ubandzakanyeka kube kute tinzuzo temali letikhicitwako.  Kwamanje, cocisana nahulumende nalabanye lenibambisene nabo, macondzan netinzuzo letinyenti tamasinyane.
12) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi bantfu bayati kutsi  umhlaba nemitfombolusito yabo ingena kanjani kunchubomgomo yavelonkhe neyemave emhlaba.  Funa lusito kulenibambisene nabo netinhlangano letisitako.  Bantfu bamele bati ngetinchubomgomo tahulumene macondzana nemitfombolusito yemvelo nekuphatfwa kwekusetjentiswa kwayo. Bantfu kumele bavisise kutsi kufaka kwabo ligalelo kungena kanjani ku-CBNRM lebanti kulelive, e-Afrika, emhlabeni wakho.  

Imigomo lelishumi nakubili lesebentako  yebasebenti
1) Gcina litfuba lekutikhetsela kwakho livulekile futsi unakekele ukhulise kwehlukahlukana kuto tonkhe tigaba. Tinhlobo letehlukene temitfombolusito lengasetjentiswa, tinhlobo letehlukene tebasebenti/tetemisebenti letifaka ligalelo ku-CBNRM, nemitfombo leminyenti emakhaya lengenisa imali, kusita imiphakatsi iphile.  Letici titawubasita ekubuselweni esimeni lesifanele, sakucala ngemuva kwetingucuko lebetingakalindzelwa tetepolitiki, temnotfo netebudlelwane emkhatsini wetilwane netitjalo, ngobe ngobe batawube bangakabeki litsemba entfweni(umtfombolusito) yinye.   
2) Phatsa futsi ulandzelele imitfombolusito ngekucaphela. ?Sisekelo semitfombolusito yemvelo? siyinsika lebalulekile ye-CBNRM. Uma ngabe lesisekelo siyahhibika, kukhetsa kwenta i-CBNRM kuyashabalala. Tfola imininingwane leyetsembekile ngendlela yekusetjentiswa kwemitfombolusito (lokusho kutsi, yini lesetjentiswako, kusetjentiselwa ini, ngubani lokusebentisako, kungakanani futsi kumele kusetjentiswe kangakhi) kanye nemkhicito webudlelwano emkhatsini wetilwane netitjalo ngaphambi kwekwenta tivumelwano. Sisa incenye lebonakalako futsi lefanele yenzuzo ekuphatfweni kwemitfombolusito yemvelo.  Bukadzebona bukhombisa kutsi-10 kuya ku-20 % wenzuzo uvamise kufaneleka. Linani ngco litawuya ngetimo letikhona. 
3) Yakha tinhlangano tendzawo. Kute ucinisekise buniyo bendzawo lobujulile, umtimba wendzawo lophetse kumele kube nguwo lophatsa inchubo futsi utsatse netincumo.  Sebentisa tinhlangano letivele tikhona kunekutsi kwakhiwe letinsha.  Kepha tsatsa tincumo letiphilile macondzana naloku futsi ungabeki engcupheni imigomo ye-CBNRM uma ngabe imitimba lemisha ibalulekile.  Lomtimba utawudzinga kwesekwa kahle kanye nekuceceshwa lokufanele, esikhatsini lesinyenti kute kuchutjwe lemisebenti.  utawudzinga kunakekelwa ukhuliswe njalo-nje. Caphela kutsi kutfutfukiswa kwemakhono nebukhoni kuyinchubo yesikhatsi lesidze njalo-nje.
4) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi i-CBNRM ikhicitela bantfu bendzawo tinzuzo tangempela, manje nakamuva. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi tinzuzo ngco tebantfu bendzawo tinhle uma ticatsaniswa netindleko tendzawo tekonga nekuphatsa imitfombolusito yemvelo. Bantfu bendzawo baphila timphilo letimatasatasa, kantsi futsi umhlaba mncane.  Angeke bacitse sikhatsi, umhlaba naleminye imitfombolusito ku-CBNRM ngaphandle uma ngabe kunetinzuzo leticacile naleticondze ngco letifananako. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi ikhona imakethe yalemikhicito lekhicitwako nobe tinsita letiniketwa yi-CBNRM.  Hlela luhlelo lwebhizinisi lwalomklamo lolucacile.  Loluhlelo kumele lufake ekhatsi kubuketwa kwetindzaba letiphatselene nekulawulwa kwentiwa kahle kwemikhicito ngelizinga lelifanele, kanye nekusatjalaliswa lokuchubeka-njalo nobe ngalokufanele.
5) Lindzala kwehlukahlukana lokukhulu eluhlangotsini ngalunye, futsi uphatse luhlangotsi ngalunye ngendlela yalo. Tfola imitsetfo, tindlela tekutiphatsa kanye ?netindlela tekwenta?, tendzawo ngekuhlala ufundza njalonje futsi ubuke kulokukhona wakhe kwakho. Kepha caphela tinchubomgomo nemasu avelonkhe, etifundza newendzawo uwasebentise. Kute tifundvo letimile te-CBNRM. Sebentisa tifundvo lotifundzile, futsi ulandzelele njalo-nje.
6) Hlanganisa uhlele luhlelo lwekuphatsa. Cala ngeluhlelo lolusisekelo, lolwentiwe endzaweni, timiso, nobe umtsetfosisekelo, bese wakhela etikwako. Tfola seluleke sasiyazi kepha wente siciniseko sekutsi loluhlelo luhlangabetana netidzingo tendzawo.
7) Sebentisa labachuba luhlelo labanelikhono nalabanye labasitako nebaluleki longabetsemba sinyatselo ngasinye senchubo.  Inhloso yekugcina kutsi umtamo  we-CBNRM uchubeke ngaphandle kwekusetjentwa lokuchamuka ngaphandle, kepha loku kungatsatsa sikhatsi lesidze kakhulu. Kuletinye tinhlangotsi, tinsita tabosiyati (njengekumaketha) kungahlala ngekwentiwa ngumuntfu lekubanjiswene naye wangaphandle.  Loku kwenteka emabhizinisi lamanyenti.
8) Yenta siciniseko sekutsi bantfu labafanele bayabandzakanyeka ku-CBNRM. bandzakanya bantfu labanemakhono, umdlandla luvelo labajwayela basebentisane nalabanye kalula. Umdlali wendzima ngamunye (imiphakatsi, labahlanganyelako bahulumende, nalabalekelelako) kumele bakhetse ?shampeni? wemsebenti ngamunye nobe sinyatselo ngasinye. Ndlondlobalisa sigugudla sebuholi  ngekuniketa imitfwalo/imisebenti bantfu labete bukadzeboa/ikhono, futsi ubasite ngalokwanele futsi ubafundzise umsebenti.
9) Lindzela kungcubutana nekulwela emandla etepolitiki, futsi loku kuhlelele phambilini. Kulwela emandla kwendzawo kupakamisa tinhloko uma sekunetinzuzo letiphatsekako, futsi imiphakatsi ayikambumbani ngalokuphelele. Sebentana nekungcubutana kusenesikhatsi.
10) Yakha emacembu ebungani nalenihlanganyela nabo bangephandle futsi usebente kamatima kugcina lobudlelwano. Sebenta naletinye tinhlangano kuhulumende nemkhakha wangesese, futsi ubavulele sikhala. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi nabo bayazuza kulokusebenta nawe, kepha caphela kusti loku kungabanga tinkinga letimbalwa.  Uma ngabe lenibambisene nabo bangaphandle (bantfu besitsatfu) bayabandzakanyeka eluhlangotsini lolubalulekile lweluhlelo, ngekuvunwa/kusetjentiswa kwemitfombolusito, sebentasa nabo dvute kute baphatse futsi balandzelele imisebenti yabo.  
11) Bhajetha ngalokukhonekako. Imali leyengetiwe iyadzingeka ekwentini kuhlanganyela nekubambisana kusebente. Kuphatsa ngekuhlanganyela kubita kakhulu futsi kutsatsa sikhatsi lesidze kunekuphatsa lokwetayelekile, kepha kusebenta kahle kakhulu uma kuchubeka. Inzuzo lenkhulu kutsi kuphatsa ngekuhlanganyela kuniketa kubuka tintfo ngaletinye tindlela letehlukene futsi kusita ngekuhlanganisa kwetinhlangotsi letehlukile letinyenti te-CBNRM.
12) Bani ngumuntfu losobala futsi lowetsembekile. Citsa sikhatsi lesinyenti ekukhulumisaneni futsi wetame kutfola kwemukela lokwetsembekile. Kepha ucilikele emacembu lahlose lokutsite. Vakalisa lokucondzile, luhlelo nemachinga akho ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi, ngalokucacile futsi, kuwo wonkhe muntfu kusesesukwa phansi. Khutsata kuba sobala, kubuta imibuto nekubamba tinkhulumomphikiswano ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi.  Yenta siciniseko sekutsi imibiko yawo onkhe emacembu iyahlanganiswa ifakwe ekuhleleleni kwesikhatsi lesitako.

Imigomo lelishumi nakutsatfu lesebentako  yebancumi betinchubomgomo
1) Yenta inchubo yenchubomgomo ibe ngulefaka ekhatsi, lesebentisekako futsi lekhonako kuguculwa. Bandzakanya imiphakatsi etinyatselweni tekucala tekuncunywa kwenchubomgomo. Yenta umtamo welikhetselo wekufaka ekhatsi lwati lendzawo nemasiko lolusebentako kutinchubomgomo lapho kufanele khona. Kumele kukhoneke kutsi tinchubomgomo tisebentiseke futsi tilolongeke nakunguloku tisetjentiswa.
2) Emaphepha enchubomgomo kumele avisiseke kalula futsi atfolakale kalula. Lokubalulekile akubekwe ngelulwimi lolulula. Gwema imiyalelo lebhalwe ngemagama lalukhuni langavakali.
3) Yenta tinchubomgomo etibanti tavelonkhe netetifundza letakha siskelo lekutawakkhelwa kuso timiso tendzawo. Chumanisa tinchubomgomo tendzawo netinchubo te-IDP futsi ubandzakanye tiphatsimandla tendzawo. Tiphatsimandla tendzawo netinchubo te-IDP ikakhulu, kwenta sendlalelo sekuhlanganisa ezingeni lendzawo. Ngemuva kwaloku, shiya sikhala sebantfu bendzawo sekutsi batakhele yabo imitsetfo, basebentisa lwati nemihambo yendzawo. 
4) Hlola kutsi ekugcineni utawuniketa emandla kulabo labasebentisa imitfombolusito bona ngekwabo, uma sebaceceshiwe futsi sebanemakhono ladzingekako. Nika bantfu kuvikeleka kwesikhatsi lesidze nemalungelo emtfombolusito nemhlaba. Bantfu badzinga kwati kutsi beme kuphi nekutsi futsi yini lengaba sesimeni lesibucayi ngaphambi kwekutsi bacitse sikhatsi sabo nemali ekuphatfweni kwemitfombolusito. 
5) Faka ekhatsi bonkhe labadlala indzima bendzawo, nobe labatsintfwa ngulenchubo. Bona indzima ledlalwa buholi bendzabuko etindzaweni labenemtselela kuto. 
6) Litiko ngalinye kumele lilandzelele kuhambisana nemitsetfo, tinchubomgomo, netivumelwano tendzawo.  Kumele aphindze fuutsi alandzelele imisebenti yebasebenti bahulumende.
7) Tinchubomgomo kumele tijezise. Tinhlawulo nalokunye kunklinywa kumele kuciniswe uma ngabe imitsetfo iyephulwa. Vumela basebenti labasezingeni leliphansi basebentise umtsetfo ngendlela lababona ngayo. Bona kutsi simo ngasinye sehlukile.
8) Yakha timo leticacile tebantfu bendzawo ngaphambi kwekuniketwa emandla etikwemitfombolusito yemvelo. Loku kufaka ekhatsi: kumiswa kwesiphatsimandla lesiphetse; sungula simiso setemtsetfo lesimile njenge-Trust, i-Common Property Associate nobe inkampani leku-Section 2; lekhombisa lizinga lelincane lekuphatsa; lenendlela yekulandzelela lesebentako. Bukela lusito lwetingcweti lwangaphandle lolutawusita imiphakatsi isungule loku.
9) Kutfutfukisa bukhoni. Sungula sikhwama sekucecesha se-CBNRM, kute kuhlale kutfutfukiswa emakhono ebantfu bendzawo kusebentisa imitfombolusito yabo, futsi neyalabanye badlali bendzima bendzawo, lokufaka ekhatsi baphatsi babomasipala, kute bahlale bayincenye yalenchubo.
10) Susa imicabo emkhatsini webaphatseli, nobe wakhe emabhuluho ekwewela leyo micabo. Umphatseli ngamunye kumele achaze indzima layidlalako ekusetjentisweni kwemhlaba lokuhlanganisiwe, futsi ucaciseleke kutsi utawuyidla njani indzima yakhe. Baphatseli kumele basungule tikhala temsebenti we- CBNRM emazingeni lehlukene, futsi banikete kuceceshwa lokufanele kwaloku nelusito lwetimali.  Kumele kusungulwe emazingeni avelonkhe newetifundza emacembu ekusebenta e-CBNRM lasebentisana neBaphatseli.
11) Tfola imininingwane leliciniso ngaphambi kwekusayina tivumelwano letihlelekile. Tivumelwano tekwabelana tinzuzo temnotfo nekusebenta  kwebudlelwano emkhatsini wetilwane netitjalalo, kuphatsa ngekubambisana, kanye nekwendluliswa kwemhlaba nalenye imphahla kumele kungangabateki.
12) Yenta kube lula kutsi imiphakatsi ikwati kutfola tinzuzo tetimali ku-CBNRM. Tibonelo tifaka ekhatsi: kuvumela ngemphahla lengatsengiseka emiphakatsini; kuvumela timvumo nemalayisensi atsengiselwe bantfu besitsatfu (njenga leningabambisana naye wemkhakha wangasese), ngaphansi kwetimo letitsite; kwenta timiso tetimali talamanye emacembu tibe ncono (ikakhulu lawo langasati kahle siNgisi). 
13) Cinisekisa bantfu tinzuzo letitsite letingesito temali njenge: kusita nekuvikelekwa ngetemtsetfo kwetindzawo ekwesatjisweni kwangaphandle; kusitwa kwebantfu bendzawo ngetebungcweti, lusito lwetetimali netepolitiki  lwemisebenti yebantfu bendzawo yekuphatsa; kutfutfukiswa lokuchubekako kwebukhoni kwemiphakatsi yendzawo, kubasita baphatse kahle tindzawo nemitfombolusito yabo; tinsita tekuchuba luhlelo; kufinyelela kutimalimboleko naletinye tinsita tekucala ibhizinisi; kusita ekukhulumisaneni ngekwentiwa kwetivumelwano nemikhakha yangasese.

IMITFOMBO NEKUFUNDZA KABANTI
Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (1997). Beyond Fences: Seeking Social Sustainability in Conservation. Volume one: a process companion. IUCN, World Conservation Union: pp21
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Farvar, M., Nguinguiri, J., Ndangang, V. (2000).  Co-Management of Natural Resources: Organising, Negotiating and Learning by Doing. GTZ & IUCN, Germany.
Campbell, B., Mandondo, A., Sithole, B., De Jong, W., Luckert, M. &  Matose, F. (2001). Challenges to the Proponents of Common Property Resource Systems: Despairing Voices from the Social Forests of Zimbabwe. World Development 29(4): 589- 600.
Castro, A. P. & Nielson, E. (2001). Indigenous people and co-management: implications for conflict management. Environmental Science and Policy 4: 229-239.
Dept. of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (1999). Responsible tourism guidelines. Dept. of Environmental Affairs & Tourism, Pretoria.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (1996). South African Water Law Review Process: The Philosophy and Practice of  Integrated Catchment Management: Implications for Water Resource Management in South Africa. WRC report No. TT 81/96.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2002). Framework for the PFM programme of the Directorate: Indigenous Forest Management. Dept. of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria.
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry and WRC (2002). Catchment Management in South Africa: Turning Policy into Practice. Report on the outcome of a symposium and workshops held on 15 an 16 February 2000. WISA, DWAF, WRC.
Fabricius, C. & Koch, E., with H. Magome & S. Turner (eds.) (2003). Rights, Resources and Rural Development: Community-Based Natural Resource Management  in Southern Africa. Earthscan, London.
Fabricius, C. & De Wet C. (2002). The influence of forced removals and land restitution on conservation in South Africa. Pp. 149-165 in: Conservation and mobile indigenous peoples: displacement, forced resettlement and conservation, edited by D. Chatty and M. Colchester.  Bergahn Books, Oxford.
Fabricius, C., Koch, E. and Magome, H. (2001). Community wildlife management in Southern Africa: Challenging the assumptions of Eden. Evaluating Eden Series No. 6. IIED, London.
Fabricius, C., Koch, E. and Magome, H. (2001). Towards strengthening Collaborative Ecosystems Management: Lessons From Environmental Conflict and Political Change in South Africa. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31: 831 ? 844. 
Fabricius C. (2002).  A social Ecology Policy for South African National Parks. SANParks and DANCED, Pretoria. 
Hobley, M., Sheilds, D. (2000). The Reality of Trying to Transform Structures and Processes: Forestry in Rural Livelihoods. ODI Working Paper 132. Chameleon Press, London.
Hulme, D. & Murphree M. (eds.) (2001). African Wildlife & Livelihoods. James Currey, Oxford.
IUCN World commission on Protected Areas, and World Wildlife Fund. Joint policy statement: Principles and guidelines on indigenous and traditional peoples and protected areas. Available on-line: http://www.iucn.org/themes/spg/New/
guidelines/guideengspan.pdf
Jones, B. T. B. (1999). Community-based natural resource management in Botswana and Namibia: An inventory and preliminary analysis of progress. Evaluating Eden Discussion Paper No. 6. IIED, London.
Khare, A., Sarin, M., Saxena, N., Palit, S., Bathla, S., Vania, F., Satyanarayana, M. (2000). Joint Forest Management: Policy, Practice and Prospects. IIED, London.
Republic of South Africa, 2001. Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy. Available online: www.gov.za/reports/2000/isrds.pdf
Republic of South Africa, Department of Land Affairs, 2001. Guidelines for the integration of environmental planning into land reform and land development. Department of Land Affairs, Pretoria.
Republic of South Africa, Department of Land Affairs, 2001. Policy for the integration of environmental planning into the land reform process. Pretoria.
Republic of South Africa, Department of Provincial and Local Government. Integrated Development Planning Guide-pack. Available online: www.salga.org.za/idp/gd0.pdf
Republic of South Africa, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2001). Generic Public Participation Guidelines, Pretoria. 
Republic of South Africa (1998). The National Water Act, Act No 36 of 1998. Pretoria.
Rozemeijer, N., Gujadhur, T., Motshubi, C., Van den berg, E., Flyman, M. (2000) Community Based tourism in Botswana. SNV, Gaborone, Botswana. Available online: http://www.cbnrm.bw/CBTmain.pdf
Sandwith, T. (1999). Community Conservation Programmes: Towards the development of a new policy and strategy. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service.
Shackleton, S. (2000). Generic Criteria and Indicators for Assessing the Sustainability of Common Property/Community Based Natural Resource Management Systems. First iteration of a framework for researchers and practitioners. Division of Water, Environment and Forestry Technology, CSIR, Pretoria.
Shackleton, S., & Campbell, B. (2001). Devolution in Natural Resources Management: Institutional Arrangement and Power Shifts. A synthesis of case studies from Southern Africa. WWF-SARPO, CIFOR, CSIR, Bogor and Pretoria.
Shackleton, S., Campbell, B., Wollenberg, E., Edmunds, D. (2002). Devolution and Community-Based Natural Resource Management: Creating Space for Local people to Participate and Benefit? ODI Natural Resource Perspectives, 76. Overseas Development Institute, London.
Turner S. & Meer S. (2001). Conservation by the people in South Africa: findings from TRANSFORM monitoring and evaluation, 1999. PLAAS Research Report No. 7, 83 pages. GTZ, Dept. of Environmental Affairs & Tourism and University of the Western Cape, Cape Town. 
Turner, S., Collins S. & Baumgart J. (2002). Community based natural resource management: Experiences and lessons linking communities to sustainable resource use in different social, economic and ecological conditions in South Africa. PLAAS Research Report N? 11, August 2002. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town.
Twyman, C. (2001). Natural resource use and livelihoods in Botswana?s Wildlife Management Areas. Applied Geography 21(1): 45-68.

Seleko 1. ?Isebenta? kanjani i-CBNRM 
Indlela i-CBNRM ?lesebenta?ngayo, kanye netitfo tayo letiyakhako, kungakhonjiswa kalula ngemdvwebo (Umdvwebo 1). 

Titfo letibalulekile letisisekelo tekwakha  i-CBNRM budlelwano emkhatsini wetilwane netitjalo nebantfu (Libhokisi I Kumdvwebo 1). Letinye titfo letakhako nguleti tikhungo tendzawo (lokusho, tindlela tekutiphatsa netimiso); emakhono nebukhoni jikelele babo bonkhe labadlala indzima kutsi kube yincenye ye-CBNRM; kanye nemathulusi labalulekile ?ekwenta umsebenti?. Loku  ngulokufakwa ku- CBNRM, lokuniketela inchubo ye-CBNRM. 

Tinchubo te-CBNRM tifakwa umtselela tici letintsatfus: tigigaba tangaphandle (?tintfo letentekla ngaphandle?) njengetikhukhula, somiso, netimangaliso tetepolitiki (Libhkisi II Kumdvwebo1); kungena ekhatsi kwangaphandle njengetinchubomgomo, tipho, tingcoco tekuvumelana, kanye nekwentiwa kwemtsetfo kutsi usebente (Libhokisi IV Kumdvwebo 1); kanye nemisebenti nemachinga etekuphatsa endzawo ? tintfo letentiwa bantfu bendzawo ngemitfombolusito yemvelo (Libhokisi  III Kumdvwebo 1). 

Imiphumela  (?tintfo letikhicitwako?) ku-CBNRM, sibonelo,  umcebo, kuvikeleka lokukhulu ngekwemitfombolusito, imfundvo lencono, kuhlonyiswa, tindlela letincono tekutiphilisa kanye nekutfutfikswa kwetinchubomgomo tebudlelwano emkhatsini wetilwane netitjalo (Libhiki V Kumdvwebo 1). Letitfo letehlukene tiyachumana ngasinye ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Emandla nebutsakatsaka bayo, nebunyenti nebungibo, kuyehlukana ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Ngenca yaloku, imikhicito nayo iyagucuka. Imphumelelo ye-CBNRM ayikemi ndzawonye futsi ayilandzeli indlela yinye. 

Bachubi beluhlelo, baphi, bantfu bendzawo nebancumi betinchubomgomo, kufikela ezingeni lelitsite bangaba nemtselela kumikhicito ye-CBNRM ngekungena ekhatsi nekuphatsa nemachinga. Kepha lokunyenti lokwenteka ku-CBNRM kungetulu kwemandla ebadlali bendzima bendzawo (tigigaba tangephandle Ebhikisni  II). Letinkhombandlela tihlose kusita badlali bendzima be-CBNRM (imiphakatsi, bachubi beluhlelo nebancumi betinchubomgomo) kwakha tinhlangotsi letinyenti te-CBNRM labangaba nemtselela kuto, nekutsi bakhone kuphila netigigaba tangaphandle labenemtselela lomncane kuto nobe labete cobo. 

Njengobe kunetici letinyenti nalabadlala indzima lababandzakanyeka kutinchubo te-CBNRM, kunekwentako lokuphatsekako kutsi tintfo kungenteka tingahambi kahle.  Yinye inhloso lebalulekile yesstinchubomgomo kusita labadlala indzima batfole imitfombo yetinkinga lengabakhona, hlela kugwema tinkinga futsi usombulule leto letentekako.  


1 Fabricius C., Matsiliza B. & Sisitka L. 2002. An update of laws and policies that support community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) type programmes in South Africa. Dept. of Environmental Affairs and Tourism and GTZ, Pretoria, 28 pp.
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