

SIFINYETO LESIKHULU semibiko weNkomfa "yeBugebengu neMtselela wakhona kumaLungelo eLuntfu: Iminyaka leLishumi yeMculu weMalungelo"
22  -  23 Mashi 2007
Southern Sun Intercontinental Hotel, Sandton, Johannesburg

Inkomfa 'kuBugebengu neMtselela wakhona kumaLungelo eLuntfu: Iminyaka leLishumi yeMculu wemaLungelo' yabanjwa kusukela ngamhlaka 22 kuya ku-23 Indlovu-lenkhulu 2007, e-Southern Sun Intercontinental Hotel, Sandton, Johannesburg. Inkomfa bekukuphendvula sikhalo kulelizinga leliphakeme lebugebengu kanye nemtselela wabo lomubi kumalungelo eluntfu. Bugebengu bungena kuto tonkhe tigaba temphilo - kusukela ekukhuseleni kwemuntfu, ibhizinisi, budlelwano bemave, umtsetfo, kwengamela kuye eluhlelweni lwetebulungiswa bebugebengu. Ngaphandle kwalomonakalo lebonakalako lobangelwa bugebengu, bunemtselela wesikhatsi lesidze kubucotfo belive, futsi bube nemtselela lomubi kakhulu ngco nobe ngalenye indlela kubantfu labanyenti. Bugebengu buyinkinga ekuphepheni kwelive, ngako-ke buyinkinga kudimokrasi lencane yeNingizimu Afrika. Ngenca yekwandza kwabo, umtselela webugebengu uviwa kuto tonkhe tigaba tetenhlalo netetemnotfo, bese bubeka engcuphelweni kutitfokotisa ngetinzuzo teMculu weMalungelo. Lena yindzaba leyiyinhlupho kakhulu ikakhulukati ngobe iNingizimu igubha iminyaka lelishumi yekusetjentiswa kweMculu wemaLungelo. 

Kungenca yalesizafu lesente kwekutsi iKhomishini yemaLungelo eLuntfu yaseNingizimu Afrika (SAHRC) ibambe iNkomfa yemalanga lamabili njengencenye yemigubho yayo yeLusuku lwemaLungelo eLuntfu ngeNdlovu-lenkhulu 21 2007. Lenkomfa yalandzelwa tinkhulunyiswano letisabalele livelonkhe "tebugebengu nemaLungelo eLuntfu: Iminyaka leLishumi yemiCulu yemaLungelo lehlelenjiswe ngemaHhovisi eTifundza eSAHRC. Inhloso yaLetinkhulunyiswano temphakatsi bebekutsi kuhlanganiswa live lonkhe indlela uMculu weLungelo lohlushwe ngakhona bugebengu kanye nelikhono lebantfu kutsi bajabulele lamalungelo ngalokuphelele labekiwe, eminyakeni lelishumi ucale kusebenta.

Tinhloso taleNkomfa bekunguleti:

i. Kutfola timbangela letisusa tebugebengu eNingizimu Afrika;

ii. Kubukisisa umtselela webugebengu kumalungelo eluntfu, ikakhulukati ekujabuleleni emalungelo etenhlalo netemnotfo;

iii. Kuhlola kutsi ngabe babambimsuka labehlukene eNingizimu Afrika bafake njani ligalelo ekuvimbeleni kanye nekuselweni nebugebengu;
 
iv. Kutfutfukisa tiphakamiso letigcile kumalungelo elutfu letisimeme ekuvimbeni kanye nasekuphatseni bugebengu.

Kute kuhlangabetwane naletinhloso letingenhla, leNkomfa yehlukaniswa ngetincenye letimbili letinkhulu. Incenye yekucala yenkomfa itsatse tetfulo letiphuma kubabambimsuka labehlukene ngalesihloko. Incenye yesibili beyibuke ekwentiweni kwetiphakamiso letigcile kumalungelo eluntfu kute kuvinjelwa futsi kuliwe nebugebengu eNingizimu Afrika. Lokwetfulwe ngaphasi sicephuno lesimfishane setinkhulumiswano tetincenye letimbili letehlukaniswe ngemikhakha yetindzikimba letibalulekile. 


Incenye yekucala yeNkomfa yehlukaniswa ngemaseshini lasihlanu lazindle kumikhakha yendzikimba leyahlukahlukene:  

Iseshini yekucala icale ngekweNgeniswa kwenkomfa yiCEO yeSAHRC, uMmeli Tseliso Thipanyane, logcizelele inhloso yalenkomfa kanye netindzikimba lekutawukhulunyiswana ngato. Justice Albie Sachs, liJaji leNkantolo yeMtsetfosisekelo weNingizimu Afrika, Nkhomishana Jody Kollapen wase uniketa emavi ekuvula ngekuphawula kwekutsi bugebengu busisekelo sekwaphulwa kwemalungelo eluntfu, futsi abusiyinkinga kuphela ekuphepheni kwemuntfu, kodvwa buyinkinga nasekuphepheni kwemphakatsi kanye nasekuphepheni kwembuso wonkhe.  Ngenca yaloku, buyingoti kudimokrasi yeMtsetfosisekelo lomncane waseNingizimu Afrika. Letetfulo tiphawule ngalomcondvo wekutsi uMtsetfosisekelo, ikakhulukati uMculu wemaLungelo, ubonakala kwangatsi wesekela tigebengu kunebantfu labahlukunyetiwe. Kuboniwe kwekutsi uMculu wemaLungelo kumele ungabonwa njengesivumba sekushushiswa nobe kuvalelwa kwetigebengu lekumele timelane nemisebenti yato lemibi. Umculu wemaLungelo udzinga kwekutsi emalungelo emsolelwa kufanele kwekutsi achutjekwe avikelwe, nangesikhatsi sekushushiwa. Lokubalulekile kutsi kucinisekiswe kwekutsi kunekulingana lokufanele phakatsi kwemalungelo ebahlukunyetwa kanye nebasolelwa.
	
Iseshini yesibili beyifuna kuniketa Kuvisiswa kweBugebengu kanye neLudlame eNingizimu kakhulukhulu timbangela kanye nemitselela yakhona. Ekuvisiseni bugebengu netimbangela takhona, letetfulo tiphawule kwekutsi kungabaluleka kwekutsi kubukwe emaphuzu labangela bugebengu, kungafani ngetimbangela letisusa tebengebengu. Loku kungenca yekutsi kunetimbangela letahlukahlukene kantsi kute letiba ngetulu kwalenye. Imphela, kuyinhlanganisela  nobe kuhlangana kwetimbangela letahlukahlukene letifaka sandla etikwebugebengu. Letinye tetimbangela letiphawuliwe, tifaka ekhatsi timbangela tetenhlalo netemnotfo, ikakhulukati kungalingani kanye nemtselela wetengcondvo wekungalingani, timbangela tetemlandvo lapho khona ludlame bekuyintfo leyentiwe nje malula; tinhlelo tekulawula letingenamandla kanye nesidzingo sekubekela edvute ekusebenteni kweluhlelo lwetebulungiswa bebugebengu. Kantsi futsi kunetimbangela temphakatsi njengekuhlakateka kwesive kanye naletinye timbangela tetemndeni njengekusetjentiswa kabi kwetidzakamiva. Letetfulo ngesikhatsi senkomfa tikhombise kwekutsi, tifundza letiphuye kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika kanye naleto letinelugebe lelikhulu phakatsi kwalabanjingile kanye nalabaphuyile akakabi nemazinga lasetulu ebugebengu. Kuboniwe kwekutsi, nanobe kunjalo tibalo telubalobalo tebugebengu atinamaciniso ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi futsi atifaki tonkhe tintfo.

Letinye tetiphakamiso kuleseshini tidzingo kwekutsi bahlanganyele bacabange ngekudvwetjwa kwe-Bill of Moral Ethics, kubuyeketwa kweLisu lwekuVimbela Bugebengu laVelonkhe kanye nekucinisa luhlelo lwetebulungiswa bebugebengu kute kukhonakale kubhekana naletincabhayi tebugebengu letikhona nyalo.

Iseshini yesitsatfu beyibhekise iNdzima yeLuhlelo lweBulungiswa beBugebengu kanye nekulwa neBugebengu eNingizimu Afrika. Kuletetfulo letentiwe kutfolwe kwekutsi luhlelo lwetebulungiswa bebugebengu eNingizimu Afrika busencindzetelweni lenkhulu ngenca yemazinga lasetulu ebugebengu. Sibonelo, Luphiko lwetemaPhoyisa kutsiwa alusebenti kahle ekulweni nebugebengu; tinkantolo tisalele emuva kakhulu kantsi leLitiko Letekulungiswa Kwesimilo kumele libukane nekugcwala kanye nelinani lelisetulu lekubuyela ebugebengwini. Letetfulo tiphindze takhombisa kungasebenti kanye kwetigaba tekuphenya temaphoyisa, kuphindvwe kwanconotwa kwekutsi kuphatfwa kwemaPhoyisa kumele kungatsatsi sikhundla semaPhoyisa angekhatsi. Umcondvo lomusha webuphoyisa bentsandvo yelinyenti lotsi buphoyisa abufaki ekhatsi imisebenti yebuphoyisa, kodvwa nendzawo yebuphoyisa macondzana nahulumende kanye netikhungo tahulumende bese kufakwa ekhatsi nesive jikelele. Kuphakanyiswe kwekutsi nanobe kutawuba metima kutfola timbangela letinkinga kakhulu kanye nemiphumela yebugebengu esiveni, kucondziwe kwekutsi kunekuchumana phakatsi kwebugebengu nebuphuya lokuhlanganiswe ngulamagebe ekungalingani lamakhulu kakhulu phakatsi kwalabanjingile nalabaphuyile. Kungaba ngalendlela lekungayo kodvwa kube khona sivumelwano kubahlanganyeli sekutsi kutawuba metima kulwa nebugebengu ngaphandle kwekutsi lamazinga elugebe lekungalingani ayalungiswa.

Inkomfa ikubonile kwekutsi kunemcondvo phakatsi kwemalanga emphakatsi wekutsi uMtsetfosisekelo wesekela kakhulu tigebengu kunebantfu labahlukunyetiwe. Loku kubangelwe kakhulu ngulolusito loluncane loluniketwa bantfu labahlukunyetwe bugebengu. Sibonelo, Luhlelo Lwekuvikela Bofakazi, lekumele kwekutsi lusekele bahlukunyetwa bebugebengu kutsi bangahlushwa nekusatjiswa lusebenta kuphela ngesikhatsi sekutsetfwa kwelicala. Emva kwaloko, bahlukunyetwa bebugebengu bashiywa bodvwa. Loku kungenteka ngulesinye setizatfu lesenta kwekutsi bantfu bangabiki bugebengu emaphoyiseni. Kuphindze kwavela kwekutsi emalunga emphakatsi alahle litsemba ekusebenteni kweluhlelo lwebulungiswa bebugebengu.

Bahlanganyeli bacele imitimba yembuso leyahlukene kutsi isebentisane kakhulu ekucinisekiseni ekusebenteni kahle kwemasu lahlanganisa imikhakha leminyenti lihlosiswe ekuvimbeleni nasekulweni nebugebengu. Kuhlanganyela kwemphakatsi kubonwe njengeliphuzu lelibalulekile ekulweni nebugebengu. Letinkhulumo-mphikiswano tiphakamiso sidzingo setemsakato kwekutsi wetame kubika ngendlela lenhle ngebugebengu kute kutsi kuntjintjwe tingcondvo temphakatsi ngebugebengu.

Emaseshini esine nesihlanu abuke 'Kundzima Yalabanye Babambimsuka Ngasetindleleni Letihlanganisiwe Ekuvimbeni Bugebengu eNingizimu Afrika'. Letetfulo tigcizelele kwekutsi nanobe umsebenti losisekelo wekuniketa kuphepha nekukhuseleka kwebahlali bakhe usetandleni tahulumende, kubambisana phakatsi kwahulumende, emabhizinisi kanye nesive bekudzingekile futsi kubalulekile emphini yekulwa nebugebengu. Ngetulu kwaloko, kusebentisana lokuchubekako kwetindvuna tekhabhinethi letahlukahlukene, bondvunankhulu betifundza, imitimba yamasipala kanye nemitimba yangasese bekusemcoka ekuvimbeni bugebengu. Futsi kwavunyelwana kwekutsi tinhlelo tekutfutfukisa bantfu labasha kumele tigcugcutelwe njengencenye yelisu lekuvimbela bugebengu. Kodvwa, letinhlelo kumele titfutfukiswe ngekuhlanganyela lokugcwele kwebantfu labasha. Loku kusho kutsi bantfu labasha akukafaneli kwekutsi babe bazuzi nje kuphela baletinhlelo, kodvwa kumele babandzakanywe njengetitfunywa taletinhlelo. Letinkhulumiswano tiphindze tabona kubaluleka kwemasu lahlelenjisiwe kanye netinkhulumo-mphikiswano phakatsi kwebalingani labehlukahlukene.
Hulumende, titfunywa tekuphocelelwa kwemtsetfo, tinhlangano temalungelo eluntfu kanye nebasebenti babitiwe kwekutsi batewucinisekisa kwekutsi 'emalungelo lamanyenti eluntfu' akasiyo inkinga. Lwati, kanye nekuhlonishwa kwemalungelo eluntfu lithuluzi lwekuphocelelwa kwemtsetfo futsi kuyintfo ledzingekile ekwakheni indlela lesebentako futsi yebucwepheshe yekulwa nebugebengu. Emalungelo emuntfu lohlukunyetiwe aphindze abekwa ngaphambili ngalesikhatsi betfuli labehlukahlukene baphawula kwekutsi kunesidzingo sekulinganiswa lokuncono phakatsi kwemalungelo ebasolelwa kanye nemalungelo ebantfu labahlukunyetiwe. Loku kungafaka ekhatsi tindlela tekuvikela bantfu labahlukunyetiwe kutsi bangaphindziselwa ngekubika bugebengu kanye nasekuhlelembiseni bufakazi enkantolo.

Indzima yebabambimsuka labehlukahlukene kukhulunyiswene ngayo, kwase kugcugcutelwa betemisakato kutsi balinganise kancono ngendlela lekubikwa ngayo tindzaba letihlobene nebugebengu. Ngetulu kwaloko, indlela legcile kumalungelo ekubikeni kumele igcugcutelwe. Indzima yemacembu etepolitiki nayo yabekwa sobala bahlanganyeli babagcugcutela kwekutsi bamemetele ngekubambisana kutsi bugebengu sikhalo savelonkhe. Emacembu etepolitiki kumele ahole emaswini ekuvimbela bugebengu njengesebentisa emachungechunge emacembu kanye nebuholi kute kusetjentiswe tivumelwano kubugebengu. 

Lamanye emasu kanye netiphakamiso letentiwe kufaka ekhatsi kufakwa kabusha kwemsolelwa kanye nekubuyiswa kwesimilo ngekusebentisa indlela legcile kumalungelo eluntfu njengencenye lesebentako yelisu lekuvimbela bugebengu leligcwele lelinabile. Loku kungenteka kwekutsi kuzuzise umphakatsi ngekwehlisa kubuyela kubugebengu kanye nekuhlushwa. Futsi kwemukeliwe kwekutsi bekunesidzingo sengucuko yetitukulwane yesikhatsi lesidze ngekusebentisa ikharikhulamu yesikolo kanye netinhlelo letisipesheli letatisa bantfu labasha ngemakhono ekuphila ladzingekile, emagugu etenhlalo lamahle kanye nematfuba etekukhibika lanemphilo.

Incenye yesibili yenkomfa, beyibhekiswe kulengcikitsi 'Ngasemphakatsini Longenabugebengu: Kutfutfukisa Tiphakamiso Letihlanganisiwe tekuVimbela Bugebengu eNingizimu Afrika. Tetfulo tibeke sicalo setinkhulumiswano ekutfutfukisweni kwelisu lekutsi ngabe i-SAHRC ingangenela njani etindzabeni letihlobene nemphumela webugebengu kumalungelo eluntfu. Loku kwalandzelwa tinkhulumiswano temacembu letijulile letetfule emasu lasebentisekako kanye netiphakamiso letifaka ekhatsi, letinye takhona:

* Kubuyeketwa kwekweLisu lekuVimbela Bugebengu lavelonkhe ngetiphakamiso ngetingucuko letingaba khona telisu;
* Kubuketa tinchubomgomo kanye nemtsetfo lowengamele luhlelo lwebulungiswa bebugebengu kanye nalamanye ema-ejensi kute kukhonjiswe indlela lehlanganisiwe futsi lefaka konkhe ngasekuvimbeleni kanye nasekulweni nebugebengu. Kuhlelenjiswa kumele kubekwe eHhovisi leLisekela laMengameli;
* Kwentiwa ncono kusebenta kahle nangemphumelelo kweLuphiko Lwemisebenti Yemaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika (SAPS), tetekucondziswa kwesimilo, luhlelo lwetemtsetfo, kanye nekuciniswa kwekucashelwa kuba selubala kanye nemakhono ekutiphendvulela kwetikhungo tekucaphela; 
* Kusetjentiswa ncono kwebulungiswa lobulungisako kanye nekuhlanganyela kwemphakatsi lokukhulu ekucazululeni imibango etigabeni tasemakhaya; 
* Sidzingo sekutfola timbangela kanye nemitselela yebugebengu ikakhulukati lobu lobuhlobene netjwala kanye nekuhlukunyetwa kwetidzakamiva. Kukhangiswa kwetjwala kanye nemagwayi kumele kube nemlayeto wekweluleka.
* Kubuyeketwa kwe-Batho Pele White Paper kanye nekuhlola kulandzelwa  kwetimvumelwano temazinga ekusebenta kumatiko ahulumende, kanye nekulinganiswa kwetinkhomba tekusebenta kute kuhlelenjiswe kahle emasu ekuvimbela bugebengu. 
* Kuvuselewa kwemaKomiti eLusha kute kuhlanganyele kakhulu bantfu labasha ekubimbeni bugebengu esigabeni sasemphakatsini.
* Kutfutfukisa emashaneli ekuchumana ngekusebentisana nemsakato wemphakatsi lapho khona emasu ekuvimbela bugebengu angavetwa futsi kuphikiswane ngawo kumkhambatsi wemphakatsi. 


Endleleni leya phambili, futsi nasekubukeni emagalelo enkomfa i-SAHRC yetsembise kwenta loku lokulandzelako:

* Kubhala umbiko wetinchubo tenkomfa futsi utfunyelwe kubo bonkhe bahambeli benkomfa nge-via email. 
* Kukhipha sifinyeto lesikhulu ngato tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni futsi nange-Braille.
* Kwetfula tiphakamiso teNkomfa kuMengameli nakuSikhulu sePhalamende yaVelonkhe kanye nakulabanye babambimsuka lababalulekile.
* Kumisa tikhala temsebenti letimbili lekunguleti, umhlelembisi webugebengu nemalungelo eluntfu, kanye nemhlelembisi webhizinisi nemalungelo eluntfu.  
* Kutsatsa lesiphiwo se-Group Chief Executive ye-SABC macondzana nekusetjentiswa kwemsakato njengelithulusi lekwatisa ngemitselela lemibi yebugebengu kumalungelo eluntfu. 
* Kumisa kanye nekuhlela umhlangano wekucala weforamu kute kubukwe etindzabeni tebugebengu kanye nemitselela yakhona kumalungelo eluntfu. Leforamu itawufaka ekhatsi titfunywa letiphuma kutikhungo letisemcoka kanye nemitimba lephuma esiveni nakumkhakha wangasese.


Lombiko ufaka sifinyeto setetfulo, tinkhulumiswano kanye netiphakamiso letiphume ngesikhatsi senkomfa. 




Bugebengu neMtselela wakhona kumaLungelo eLuntfu: Iminyaka Lelishumi yeMculu wemaLungelo




ii


