LITIKO: LETEKULIMA





LUHLELO LISU LWETEKULIMA ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA












27 Novemba 2001


Lokucuketfwe


Luhlu lwemagama lachaziwe ???????????????????????..
Sandvulela .???????????????????????????????.
Sitatimende salokucondziwe ???????????????????????...


1. Singeniso ?????????????????????????????.

2. Umbono wetekulima eNingizimu Afrika????????????????

3. Simo lekungiso sanyalo kutekulima eNingizimu Afrika ????????..

4. Tinselela talomkhakha ???????????????????????..

5. Tinhlelo lisu letibalulekile ??????????????????????

   5.1	Licebo lekufinyelela lokulinganako kanye nekubamba lichaza ????
5.2 Kuchudzelana ngekwemazinga emhlaba jikelele kanye nekutfolakala kwembuyiselo ????????????????????????..
5.3 Kuphatfwa ngalokugcinekako kwemitfombo ????????????

6. Tinhlelo letilekelelanako ??????????????????????
6.1 Kubusa lokukahle???????????????????????
6.2 Intfutfuko yasemaphandleni lehlangene kanye nalesimeme?????
6.3 Lwati kanye nekulungisa ????????????????????
6.4 Kubambisana nemhlaba jikelele ????????????????...
6.5 Kuphepha kanye nekuvikeleka ?????????????????.

7. Kusebentisa loluhlelo lisu ?????????????????????



Luhlu lwemagama lachaziwe


ABC	Agricultural Business Chamber (Umkhandlu wemaBhizinisi etekuLima)
AGIS	Agricultural Geographical Information System (Luhlelo lwemNiningwano weteNdzawo tetekuLima)
Agri SA	Agri South Africa (I-Agri South Africa)
ARC	Agricultural Research Council (Umkhandlu weluPhenyo lwetekuLima)
BEE	Black Economic Empowerment (Kutfutfukiswa umNotfo walabamNyama)
DA		Department of Agriculture (LiTiko leTekulima)
DTI	Department of Trade and Industry (LiTiko leTekuhweba netiMboni)
EU		European Union (Inyonyana yaseYurophu)
GDP	Gross Domestic Product (Umkhicito Wonkhana waVelonkhe)
GNP	Gross National Product (Umkhicito Wonkhana waVelonkhe)
IDP	Integrated Development Plan (Luhlelo lwenTfutfuko leSimeme)
ISRDS	Integrated and Sustainable Rural Development Strategy) (Lisu lenTfutfuko yasemaPhandleni loluHlangene naloluSimeme)
LRAD	Land and Redistribution for Agricultural Development Programme (Umhlaba nekwaBa kabusha kweluHlelo lwekuTfutfukisa tekuLima)
MAP	Millennium African Recovery Plan (Luhlelo lwekuBuyiselwa kwe-Afrika lweMileniyamu)
MEC	Emalunga esiGungumkhandlu
MinMec	Umkhandlu wetiNdvuna tetekuLima
NAFU	National African Farmers Union (Inyonyana yebaLimi bemDzabu yaVelonkhe)
NAMC	National Marketing Council (Umkhandlu wekuKhangisa waVelonkhe)
NDA	National Department of Agriculture (LiTiko laVelonkhe leTekulima)
NGO	Non Governmental Organisation (Tinhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwaHulumende)
NOCOC	National Operational Co-ordinating Committee (Likomiti lekuHlelembisa lemSebenti laVelonkhe)
OIE	International Animal Health Association (Inhlangano yemHlaba Jikelele yeteMphilo teTilwane)
PDA	Provincial Department of Agriculture (LiTiko leTekulima lesiFundza)
R&D	Research and Development (Luphenyo nenTfutfuko)
SADC	Southern African Development Community (Umphakatsi loTfutfukako we-Afrika leseNingizimu)
SARS	South African Revenue Service (Luphiko lwaseNingizimu Afrika lwetenTsela)
SAPS	South African Police Service (Umbutfo wetemaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika)
SANDF	South African Defence Force (Umbutfo weTekuvikela waVelonkhe eNingizimu Afrika)
SPS	Sanitary Phyto-sanitary (I-Sanitary Phyto-sanitary)
USA	United States of America (IMelika)
ISAID	United States Agency for International Development (I-ejensi yaseMelika yekuTfutfukiswa kweMhlaba Jikelele)
WTO	World Trade Organisation (Inhlangano yeMhlaba yetekuHweba)



Emavi ekwandvulela aMake Thoko Didiza, lilunga lephalamende loyiNdvuna yeTekulima netemHlaba

Loluhlelo lisu lwemkhakha weTekulima libaluleke kakhulu ngobe lingumkhicito wahulumende kanye nemboni. Ngaloko ngifuna kuveta kubonga nekudvumisa kwami lokutfobekile kuMengameli, Thabo Mbeki, kulobuholi bakhe ngalesikhatsi ameme labamele lemboni be-Agri- SA kanye neNyonyane yaVelonkhe yebaLimi base-Afrika kutsi bahlanganyele nahulumende ekudvwebeni umbono wetekulima lapho hulumende kanye nemboni batawubophelela imizamo kanye netinsita tabo ekuwuphumeleliseni.

Imiphumela yalobungani kutsi hulumende kanye nemboni sebanembono munye etindzabeni teluhlelo lisu talomkhakha; bangakha bungani lobusukela kuluhlaka msebenti lolufanako; batawabelana ngalomtfwalo wekutfutfukisa bosomabhizinisi labamnyama kanye nekukhulisa kwentiwa kwembuyiselo kwetimboni tetekulima sikhatsi sinye; futsi kusukela nyalo kuya phambili sinemilayeto lebalulekile lekumele siyitfule esiveni, lomkhakha, live letfu, livekati lase-Afrika kanye nemhlaba jikelele.

Umbono wemkhakha wetekulima lobumbene, longenakucwasana ngelibala, futsi nalophumelelako usimeme kutinhlelo lisu letintsatfu tekufinyelela nekubamba lichaza, kuchudzelana kanye nekwentiwa kwembuyiselo kanye nekuphatfwa kwemitfombo ngalokugcinekako. Lona ngumbono wesikhatsi lesidze lotawulandzelelwa esikhatsini lesinyenti salomnyaka likhulu kuletsa indlela yetekulima lensha, lehlukile kanye nalengetulu kwalendlela lekhona manje.

Lomkhakha lomusha lohlongotwako utawucondziswa ekudlaleni indzima yawo lengumlandvo ekuniketeni kudla kanye nemikhicito yetekulima kanye nemisebenti yayo eveni letfu, livekati lase-Afrika kanye nemhlaba jikelele. Kuze kube ngunyalo, liTiko leTekulima livete tinyatselo letingumbono letilindzeleke kutsi hulumende atente, laphindze lafaka leti letingenteka kuluhlelo lisu laleminyaka lemitsatfu letako. LiTiko lifaka ngalokungetiwe leto tinyatselo kumasu alomkhakha ekusebenta emnyaka kusukela nga-2002 kuya phambili.

Ezingeni labohulumende bemave ngemave, liTiko libandzakanye futsi lisatawuchubeka kubandzakanya emaTiko etiFundza eTekulima kanye nemitimba yemphakatsi yetekulima, kwemukela loluhlelo lisu lemkhakha njengeluhlaka msebenti lwenchubomgomo ekwenteni emasu abo embono kanye newekusebenta kwemkhakha.

Ezingeni lahulumende wavelonkhe, liTiko lifake loluhlelo lisu lemkhakha kuluhlelo lwendlela yemacembu cembu eKhabinethi kutfola kusekelwa ngulamanye ematiko kute likhona kwenta lelisu ngemphumelelo. LiTiko litawubese lifuna lusekelo lweKhabinethi bese lifaka letinyatselo letihlongotwako kuLuhlaka msebenti lwaHulumende lweSikhatsi lesiPhakatsi kute lifakwe kuluhlaka lweLuhlelo timali lweSikhatsi lesiPhakatsi.

Esikhatsini sanyalo, liTiko libuyeketa luhlelo timali lalo ngendlela yakhona kute litfole timali lekudlulisela loluhlelo lisu eveni letfu, kufaka ekhatsi liPhalamende, tifundza, bohulumende basemakhaya, timboni tetekulima kanye netinhlangano temiphakatsi. Kuze kube ngunyalo, liTiko litawutsembela kubalingani balo kutsi babambe lichaza futsi bahole etindzaweni tabo ngalokufanele.



Ngifisa kubonga Mengameli we-Agri SA, mNumzane Japie Grobler kanye naMengameli weNyonyane yaVelonkhe yebaLimi base-Afrika, mNumzane Peter Ramotla lengaphandle kwabo lekucedvwa kwalomsebenti webungameli bewungeke kuphumelele. Baniketele ngetisebenti tabo kutsi tihlanganyele naleti teliTiko kwenta lelicembu lemsebenti kutsi lente lomsebenti. Baphindze benta kutsi kube khona umCondzisi lophetse  we-Agri SA mNumzane Jack Raath kanye nemCondzisi lophetse we-NAFU, mNumzane Mocks Mothabela kutsi bahlanganyele nemCondzisi Jikelele, Nkosikati Bongiwe Njobe kutsi babone kuphumelela kwemisebenti yelicembu lemsebenti.

Ngifuna kuphindza ngibonge lisekela leNdvuna, Advocate Dirk du Toit, ema-MEC etekulima, umCondzisi Jikelele, Nkosikati Bongiwe Njobe kanye netinhloko tetifundza tetekulima kanye naletinye tisebenti letisetulu tahulumende ekusekeleni lenchubo yelisu lalomkhakha. 

Lelisu ngabe alikaphumeleli ngaphandle kwesandla lesakhako lesifakwe baholi betekulima lokuhlelekile eNingizimu Afrika. Loku kufaka ekhatsi Mengameli, mNumazane Japie Grobler, umCondzisi lophetse, mNumzane Jack Raath kanye nebaholi be-Agri SA; Mengameli, mNumzane Ramotla; mNumzane Teddy Matsetela kanye nebaholi be NAFU.

Kusebenta ngekhatsi kwelicembu lemsebenti ngalokucinisekile bekuyintfu leyakhako kulelo nalelo lunga kulawa lalandzelako:

Masiphula Mbongwa (Sihlalo)			liTiko leTekulima

Hans van der Merwe					Agri SA

Attie Swart						liTiko leTekulima

Mookela (Mocks) Mothabela				NAFU

Johan van Rooyen					Agribusiness Chamber

Andrew Makenete					NAFU

Mnumzane Teddy Matsetela				NAFU

Johan Pienaar						Agri SA

Ngifuna kuphindza ngindlulisele kubonga kwami ku-Professor Johann Kirsten wase-Nyuvesi yasePitoli ekwenteni imibhalo yangaphambilini lelandzelanako yalomculu ayisusela emanotsini etingcociswaneni kanye nemiyalelo yelicembu lemsebenti. Kubalulwa lokukhetsekile kanye nekuvakalisa kubonga kuya ku-Ina Goosen ekuhleleni lemihlangano kanye nekulungisa tinatfo, kanye naSimon Malepeng ekubhaleni emanotsi. 

Kubonga kwami kwekugcina kuya ku-Ejensi yaseMelika yeNtfutfuko yeMhlaba jikelele (USAID) ngekuchasa ngetimali kwayo kwalomsebenti. 


Sitatimende salokucondziwe

Tekulima, lokufaka ekhatsi yonkhe imisebenti yetemnotfo levela kulokufakwa ngutekulima, kulima kanye nekungeta kubaluleka, kuyohlala kungumkhakha lobalulekile etikwemNotfo waseNingizimu Afrika nanome inemtselela lomncane kuyo yonkhe i-gross domestic product (GDP).

Tekulima tiniketa kudla kanye neboya kuhlangabetana netidzingo ncanti letimbili temuntfu. Tihlangabetene ngemphumelelo naletidzingo ngekukhicita lokungetekile ngalesikhatsi bantfu balelive bebalinganiselwa etigidzini letingu-4 ekungeneni kwe-century yesi-20 kute kufinyelele kuletigidzi letingu-40 lamuhla. Tisebenti tasemapulazini, balimi kanye nemindeni yabo bafaka sandal kulomnotfo uma bacitsa emaholo abo etintfweni letitsengiswako kanye nemisebenti leniketwako, nanobe batsenga tintfo tekukhicita esikhatsini lesitako. Ngalendlela, tekulima tiba ngumgogodla wekukhula kanye nentfutfuko. Kufaka kwato sandla kwakhombiseka ngaletikhukhula tamadvute letacekela phasi sifundza saseNyakatfo kanye nesaseMpumalanga ngaFebruwari nga 2000, ngalesikhatsi lizinga lekukhula kwe-GDP yalelive lehla nga-1%.

Kulima kwekucala kulingana na-4.5% we-GDP yaseNingizimu Afrika ngalesikhatsi loluchungechunge lolukhulu lwekudla lwetekulima lulingana nalomunye 9%. Kunebalimi labatsengisako lsbakhulu labalinganiselwa ku-50 000 labahamba phambili, kodvwa hhayi kuphela, labasuselwa kubantfu labamhlophe. Nga-2000, batfumela emaveni angaphandle imikhicito lelinganiselwa ku-R16 billion, nobe cishe 10% yemikhicito yalelive letfunyelwa ngaphandle. Bacasha tisebenti letilinganiselwa kusigidzi sinye, nobe 11% yetisebenti letiphelele leticashwe ngalokusemtsetfweni eNingizimu Afrika. Tisebenti letinyenti tihlala tihlala emapulazini futsi nebantfwana bato batfola imfundvo etikolweni tasemapulazini. Ngalokunjalo emapulazi aniketa imphilo kanye netindlu kumalunga emindeni lalinganiselwa kutigidzi letingu-6 etisebenti letisigidzi sinye aphindze abanikete tidzingo tabo temfundvo. 

Kukhona futsi labanye balimi labancane labalinganiselwa ku-240 000 labaniketa imphilo kumalunga emindeni yabo langengetulu kwesigidzi sinye kanye netisebenti letisebenta ngalokungekho emtsetfweni letilinganiselwa ku-500 000. baniketa timakethe talapho bahlala khona kanye netesigodzi imikhicito lapho linani lelisetulu lebahwebi labangekho emtsetfweni batiphilisa khona. Ngetulu kwaloko, kunebalimi labalinganiselwa kutigidzi letingu-3, liningi labo lisetindzaweni tasemakhaya lebetitimele ngaphambilini, labakhicita kudla ngenjongo yekuhlangabetana netidzingo temindeni yabo. 

Kwekugcina, imisebenti yekukhicita kanye neyemphakatsi kumadolobha asemaphandleni kanye netikhungo temisebenti leniketwako ibekwe ngetinjongo tekusekela kulima kanye nemisebenti lehlobene naloko njenge-agri-tourism kanye nekufuya tilwane tasendle (game farming). Ngetulu kwencenye yetifundza futsi nebantfu labalinganiselwa ku-40% balelive bancike kutekulima kanye netimboni letihlobene nato.

Ngenca yalendzima lebalulekile yalomkhakha lobanti wetekulima, Mengameli Thabo Mbeki ukubone kubalulekile kutsi kubanjwe imihlangano letayelekile nelicembu lemsebenti kutekulima lokuhlelekile kutobuka tidzingo talomkhakha kanye nekuma kwawo kutindzaba tavelonkhe. Kumunye walemihlangano ngaMashi 2001 Mengameli watjelwa kutsi lomkhakha bewukhinyabetwa tinchubomgomo letinyenti kanye nebopho tetakhiwo lokuwuvimbela kutsi ungasebenti ngelikhono lawo lophelele ngaloko ufaka kancane kutinjongo tavelonkhe tekukhula, kuchudzelana kanye nekulingana. Mengameli wacela labadlalindzima labahlukene kutsi babone lisu labatawuvumelana ngalo lelitawuniketa kunaka lokwanele ekumbumbaniseni kanye nasekukhuliseni lomkhakha. Watsi lombono lohlongotwako kumele ube netinjongo, tinchubomgomo kanye netento letitawuholela ekukhuleni kanye nasekutfutfukisweni lokungiko kubo bonkhe laba labadlala indzima kulomkhakha.



Lomculu ubonisa luhlelo lisu lwemkhakha wetekulima waseNingizimu Afrika futsi ufaka sandla ekuphileni kahle kwabo bonkhe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika. Wabhalwa ngendlela yekuchumana nebantfu labanyenti labatsintsekako ngulabalingani lababalulekile kulelisu, lababitwa ngekutsi yiNyonyane yaVelonkhe yebaLimi base-Afrika, Agri SA kanye neliTiko leTekulima. Loluhlelo lisu lwalomkhakha lunaloku lokulandzelako njengetinjongo talo:

* Kwakha umbono lofanako kulaba labatsintsekako lababalulekile
* Kwakha kanye nekusebentisa luhlakamsebenti lwelisu lelitawuhola inchubomgomo kanye nekusetjentiswa esikhatsini lesitako.
* Kulungisa tintfo leticekela phasi litsemba lemtjali kanye nekwakha kuvisisana lokuncono kanye nebudlelwano bemiphakatsi lobukahle.
* Kucinisekisa kufinyelela lokwengetiwe kanye nekubamba lichaza kulemboni ngetindlela tekutfutfukiswa letikahle kanye netinhlelo.
* Kuhlanganisa, kwabelane kanye nekukhulisa imitfombo kanye netinzuzo kubo bonkhe balingani.
* Kufaka kuchudzelana kwemhlaba jikelele, kukhula kanye nekwenta imbuyiselo kulomkhakha kute ukhone kuheha lutjalo mali.
* Kucinisekisa intfutfuko lesimeme
* Kwakha bungani lobuyohlala bukhona kulabatsintsekako kuhulumende, labangasese kanye nemiphakatsi kanye nema-NGO.

Umbono wemkhakha wetekulima ngulona:

Umkhakha lobumbene kanye nalophumelelako wetekulima

Lombono usho kubamba lichaza lokunembuyekelo lesimeme kumnotfo wetekulima waseNingizimu Afrika kubo bonkhe labatsintsekako, ubona lesidzingo wekugcina nekungeta lomkhicito lotsengiswako, kwakha kuchudzelana kwesemhlabeni jikelele kanye nekubukana nalemiphumela yemlandvo kanye nekuvunwa kwalabatsite lokwaholela ekufinyeleleni lokungalingani kanye nekumelwa lokungalingani

Kusekela umbono wetekulima, kunaka lokumcoka kwaloluhlelo lisu kutawuba kuletinjongo letilandzelako letihlelelekile:

?kuvuselela kufinyelela kanye nekubamba lichaza lokulinganako kumkhakha wetekulima lochudzelanako ngekwemazinga emhlaba, lonembuyekelo kanye nalogcinekako lofaka sandla ekwenteni imphilo lencono yawo wonkhe umuntfu.?

Lombono uniketa sitfombe lesicacako kutsi tetekulima eNingizimu Afrika tifuna kuba kuphi esikhatsini lesidze lesitako. Lokukhulu lokuvimbela ekusetjentisweni ngemphumelelo kwaloluhlelo lisu ngulelikhono lelinyenti lelingakatfolwa lelikubantfu kanye nemitfombo, kanye nembuyekelo nekuchudzelana lokusezingeni lelincane lokuncabela kubamba lichaza kwebantfu labanyenti kanye nemitimba yetemnotfo. Lenkinga yentiwa tinkinganyana letimbalwa ? leyo naleyo iveta tinselela tayo.

KUCHUDZELANA LOKUVIMBELEKILE KANYE NEMBUYEKELO LENCANE

Tinkhomba tibonisa kutsi umkhakha wetekulima waseNingizimu Afrika ubonisa buncono kulenselela yekuchudzela lokungetiwe. Kodvwa, kusakhona bufakazi bekutsi leminye imikhakha lemincane yetekulima kanye nemisebenti lengeta kubaluleka ayinako kuchudzelana etimakethe talapha ekhaya kanye nasetimakethe temhlaba jikelele. Loku kunetimbangela letihlukahlukene, kufaka ekhatsi tindleko letisetulu letifakwako tihlanganiswe nemkhicito losezingeni leliphasi, emasu ebhizinisi lakabi kanye nekungentiwa kahle wetintfo, kanye netento tekuhwebelana letingakalungi talaba lesichudzelana nabo, njalo njalo. Lokuswelakala kwemakhono ekuchudzelana emhlabeni jikelele nako kuholela ekutseni kube nembuyekelo lencane futsi ibe ngaphasi kwembuyekelo letayelekile kulomkhakha, lebuye ibe ngiyo lefaka sandla ekutseni kube nelutjalo mali loluncane kutimboni letitsite. Lena ngiyo inselela lenkhulu ledzinga kulungiswa kute kubekwe tekulima kulendlela yekukhula lenkhulu lehlongotwako.

KUBAMBA LICHAZA LOKUVINJELWE

Ngenca yemlandvo wekukhishelwa ngaphandle kanye nekubandlulula kutekulima taseNingizimu Afrika, inselela nyalo kwenta ncono kubamba lichaza kuto tonkhe tikhalo talomkhakha futsi sikhiphe kube kanye tonkhe letihibe letimile kuloku lokubili lekungumlandvo. Inselele ikakhulukati kubona tinhlelo letitawugcugcutela lalabasha labangenako ? labamhlophe nalabamnyama, labasha nalabadzala, madvodza nebafati, emabhizinisi lamancane nalasemkhatsini kutsi bangene kulomkhakha. Kubalulekile kutfola tindlela tekucinisekisa kutsi tonkhe letinhlangotsi talomkhakha titiva futsi titibona ngemoya lomuhle titasemtimbeni munye.

LITSEMBA LELINCANE LEBATJALI TIMALI KUTEKULIMA

Lelitsemba lelincane lebatjali timali kutekulima libangwa ngulembuyekelo lencane kanye netinkhingwa letingenakuncandvwa kanye naleticinile temnotfo kanye netinkinga temphakatsi letiphazamisa lutjalo mali njengaleti tekubulawa kwebantfu emapulazini, kukhishwa ngalokungekho emtsetfweni kanye nekutsatsa umhlaba ngalokungekho emtsetfweni. Litsemba lemtjali timali libalulekile kuzuza umkhakha wetekulima lophilako kanye nalokhulako.

TINDLELA LETINGAKANELI, LETINGASEBENTI KAHLE KANYE NALETINGANA-MPHUMELELO TEKUSEKELA KANYE NEKUPHUNYELELISWA

Lokuswelakala kwekuphunyeleliswa kanye nekusetjentiswa kwetindlela letibanti tahulumende, imitsetfo kanye netinhlelo kanye netindlela tekusekela letingasebenti kahle ? lokubalulekile ekucinisekiseni simo lesivumako kutekulima ? kwenta kukhatsateka lokukhulu kanye nenselela kuwo onkhe ema-ejensi ahulumende lalekelela umkhakha wetekulima. Tintfo letifaka sandla kulenkinga kuhlukaniswa kwemisebenti letsite, imitfombo lengakaneli, kubusa lokungakacini kanye nekutsembeka kanye netincumo tebaphatsi letikabi nekubambeleleka lokudze ekutsatseni tincumo.

KUPHATFWA KABI KANYE NEKUPHATFWA NGALOKUNGACONDZEKI KWEMITFOMBO YEMVELO

Umhlaba longakasetjentiswa lonelikhono lelisetulu kanye nalelisemkhatsini awukho munyenti eNingizimu Afrika, futsi kulinganisiwe kululwa lokucondzile kwemikhicito yetekulima. Ngetulu kwaloko, takhiwo ncanti kanye nemisebenti kulekelela kusetjentiswa kwemhlaba lokugcinekako atikaneli. Tinhlelo tahulumende (lokuyi-LandCare kanye ne-Working for water) lokuhloswe ngato kuvikela indzawo yemtfombo tiyasebenta kodvwa atikaneli. Kwehliswa kwekunotsa kwemhlaba kusolo kuyinkinga kumihlaba lekahle kanye nalesemkhatsini. Ngalendzaba yekutsi tekulima kumele tingete letikuhlanyelako ngaloyo naloyo mhlaba, kuyinselela lenkhulu kutsi sicinisekise kutsi loko akwenteki ngendlela letawona indzawo yemtfombo wemvelo.

Ekubukaneni naletinselela kanye nekuphumelelisa lombono, loluhlelo lisu lutawakhiwa kumanye emasi lamatsatfu labalulekile,: lekungu:

* Kungeta kufinyelela lokulinganako kanye nekubamba lichaza kulomkhakha wetekulima
* Kwenta ncono kuchudzelana nemave emhlabeni jikelele kanye nembuyekelo
* Kucinisekisa kuphatfwa lokugcinekako kwemitfombo

Letinye tincenye taloluhlelo tiyasekelana futsi titawufaka sandla ekwakheni nasekubuyiseni litsemba kutekulima. Ngalomcondvo, lamasu lalandzelako labalulekile lasekelako futsi laphumelelisako, labhukulelako kulamasu labalulekile, aboniwe:

* Kubusa lokukahle
* Kutfutfukiswa lokuhlangene kanye nalokugcinekako kwasemaphandleni
* Lwati kanye nekwentiwa ncono
* Kubambisana nemave emhlaba jikelele
* Kuphepha nekuvikeleka

Letinjongo temasu lasekelanako tibalulekile ngoba tiniketa sisekelo lesibalulekile lengaphandle kwaso lenjongo yeluhlelo lisu leTekulima lokunekuchudzelana, lokufaka wonkhe umuntfu kanyenalokugcinekako angeke kuphumelele. Tiphindze tigcizelele lokuncika kwalomkhakha elusekelweni lwaletakhiwo talamanye eematiko ahulumende kanye netimboni.

Lombono wemkhakha lobumbene kanye nalophumelelako wetekulima udzinga kutsi balingani babe netindlela tekwenta, tinkhomba temisebenti lebalulekile, emazinga ekutfulwa kwemisebenti, tindlela tekubuka kanye netekuhlola kanye netikhatsi letibekiwe kute kuphunyeleliswe lelicebo lweluhlelo lisu. Uphindze udzinge kutsi hulumende ente tintfo ngalokuhlukile-ngesivinini lesikhulu kanye nekuphutfuma kanye nebungane nebalimi, i-agribusiness, tinhlangano letingekhko ngaphasi kwahulumende kanye nalamanye ematiko ahulumende.

Tinhlelo temsebenti letichazwe ngalokujulile taloluhlelo lisu titawukhishwa ngibo bonkhe balingani labatetfwese umtfwalo walokusetjentiswa kweluhlelo lisu. Leti letichazwe lapha kulomculu tiluhlakamsebenti lwelisu, tinhlelo talokufunwa kucala, umtimba lobambisene wekusebentisa kanye nemibandzela yelubambiswano phakatsi kwemphakatsi-hulumende-tinkapani tangasese. Kuphetsa loku, balingani labahamba phambili, liTiko leTekulima, i-Agri-SA kanye neNAFU batawumisa likomiti lalomphela phakatsi kwabo. Imitamo isentiwa yekufaka tinhlangano letihlelekile, tiNhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwaHulumende, tinhlangano letisisekelo semphakatsi kanye netinhlangano tangaphandle.

Sinyatselo sekucala sekumikisa loluhlelo lisu dvutane nasekusebenteni kwalo, labalingani kuloluhlelo lisu babone letinhlelo letibalulekile kanye netento:

* Kusekelwa kwelisu lwekuphepha nekuvikeleka lokubanti kwekusebenta lokukahle kanye nekuphatseka kahle kwemphakatsi, kutsembana kanye nelitsemba lwebatjali mali
* Kufaka umbono wawonkhe wonkhe kutekulima, kubusa kahle, kanye nebungani bemiphakatsi
* Kuphutfumisa lokwabiwa kwabusha kwemihlaba kute itfutfukiselwe tekulima kanye netincubo tekuniketwa kwemandla kumacembu latsite lekucondvwe kuwo
* Kugucula luhlolo lwetekulima, kwabiwa kwetheknoloji, imfundvo kanye nekululwa kutsi kucondziswe kutimakethe
* Kuchazwa kabusha kwemsebenti wekukhangiswa kwetekulima kanye nekuhwebelana kwemave ngemave kulesikhatsi sangemuva kwekulawulwa kwemincele mayelana nekuchudzelana lokukhulu kwemave jikelele kanye netimfuneko tekufinyelela kumakethe, takhiwoncanti kanye nelwati
* Kwakha kutsembeka kwetekulima ngekwetibalo kanye netindlela tekuhlwatiya ngekwetemnotfo letitawutfolakala kubo bonkhe ebalimi kanye nemabhizinisi
* Kusungula lendlela lehlangene yetetimali yasemaphandleni leyashiwo ngumbiko weliKhomishana la-Strauss
* Kusungula indlela lephumelelako kanye nalehlangene yekuncishiswa kwebungoti kutindlela tetitjalo kanye netetilwano, tindlela tekubita kanye nembuyekelo kanye netinhlekelele temvelo
* Kucondzisa lutjalo mali emaphandleni kuvumela imphilo, takhiwo ncanti, tindlela tekunisela, gezi, tindlela tekuchumana ngelucingo, titfutsi, kutfutfukiswa kwekuceceshwa kanye nemakhono
* Kusungula luhlelo lekubambisana ne-Afrika kuhola loluhlelo lwe-Afrika lensha kutekulima
* Kunciphisa letindleko tonkhe tekulima, kufaka ekhatsi kuncishiswa lokungetiwe kwentsela kanye nemali ledvoswa kudizili (diesel) kanye nalokunye lokufakwako

Kuko konkhe loku indzima lebalulekile yemkhakha wangasese ekuphumeleliseni tinjongo tekubamba lichaza, kuchudzelana kanye nekugcineka iyabonwa. Ngaloko konkhe kutawentiwa kucinisekisa kubambisana lokukhulu kanye nekuchumana emkhatsini wahulumende kanye nemkhakha wangasese ? kufaka ekhatsi balimi, tinhlangano tebalimi kanye ne-agribusiness ? kute kukhonakale kutsi kuphunyeleliswe lombono lomusha wemkhakha wetekulima lobumbene futsi nalophumelelako. 

Lemiphumela lelandzelako ilindzelekile kulokulandzelwa kwaletinjongo teluhlelo lisu

* Kwakhiwa kwemnotfo lokungetiwe kutekulima kanye nasetindzaweni tasemaphandleni
* Imisebenti lengetiwe lesimeme kutekulima
* Imbuyekelo lengetiwe kanye nekungena kwemali yangaphandle lokungetiwe
* Inhlupheko lencishisiwe kanye nekungalingani etikwebuniyo bemhlaba kanye nemabhizinisi
* Kuphumelela kwekulima lokwentiwe ncono
* Imiphakatsi lehlalisekile kanye nalephephile yasemaphandleni, kanye nelutjalo mali lolukhulu lwalapha ekhaya kanye nelwangaphandle emisebentini yetekulima kanye nasemaphandleni
* Kutichenya kanye nekuhlonipheka kutekulima njengemsebenti kanye nemkhakha
* Balingani bayatibophelela kuniketa lesikhatsi lesidzingekile kanye netimali nemitfombo kubona kwentiwa ngemphumelelo kwaloluhlelo lisu. Kunekuvisisana lokucacako kanye nekubonga kutsi sigaba lesisha siyavulwa kutekulima eNingizimu Afrika, sigodzi se-SADC kanye nelivekati lase-Afrika.



INDVUNA YETEKULIMA NETEMHLABA





MENGAMELI: AGRI SA					MENGAMELI: I-NAFU



1. 
Singeniso

Enkhulumeni yakhe yesive yamhlaka 9 Febhuwari 2001, Mengameli Thabo Mbeki wakubonisa kutsi nanobe kusima kanye nekusimama kuzuziwe ezingeni lavelonkhe, lizinga lekukhula kwemnotfo kwakusephasi kakhulu. Kulenkhulumo yakhe Mengameli wamemetela lisu lekutsatsa tinyatselo ku:

* Yisa lomnotfo endleleni lenekukhula lokukhulu
* Ngeta kuchudzelana kanye nekuphumelela
* Kukhulisa emazinga emisebenti
* Kunciphisa kuhlupheka lokuchubekako kanye nekungalingani

Mengameli waveta kutsi letinjongo tingaphunyeleliswa kancono ngekunakwa lokukhetsekile ngekhatsi kweluHlakamsebenti loluHlangahlangene lwekuHlela lwaHulumende kumikhakha yetemnotfo lebonisa likhono lelisetulu lekwenta kukhula kanye nemisebenti. Waveta tekulima, temandla lambiwa phasi, tekuvakasha, timboni temasiko, leminye imikhakha yekutfunyelwa kwetimphahla ngaphandle (kufaka ekhatsi i-agro-processing), kanye nemboni yetemininingwano kanye neytekuchumana ngetinchingo.

Lomkhakha wetekulima, lochazwa njengato tonkhe tintfo letihlobene letifaka sandla kutekulima, kulima kanye nekulungisa kanye nekwabiwa kwemisebenti leyengeta kubita kumikhicito yetekulima, solo ungumkhakha lobalulekile kumnotfo waseNingizimu Afrika nanobe unesabelo lesincane kuyo yonkhe i-gross domestic product (GDP).

Uniketa tidzingo letimbili temutfu letisisekelo, letibitwa ngekutsi kudla kanye neboya, futsi tinekuchumana lokucinile kutemnotfo kanye netemisebenti naleleminye imikhakha yetemnotfo, ngaloko ufaka sandla ngalokukhulu ekukhuleni kwemnotfo. Uhlangabetene ngemphumelelo naletidzingo ngekungeta imikhicito ngalesikhatsi bantfu balelive bebatigidzi letingu-4 ekungeneni kwemnyakalikhulu wesi-20 kute kufinyelele kuletigidzi letingu-40 tanyalo. Ngaloko ungumgogodla wekukhula kanye nentfutfuko eNingizimu Afrika ngoba uniketa sisekelo lesicinile kanye lelusekelo kuleleminye imikhakha yalomnotfo. Kubaluleka kwawo kulomnotfo kwaboniswa nguletikhukhula letitsandza kundlula letamosha tincenye tesiFundza saseNyakatfo kanye neMpumalanga ngaFebhuwari 2000, ngalesikhatsi lizinga lekukhula le-GDP lehla nga-1%.

Tekulima lokwetayelekile, lokufaka ekhatsi kukhicita ngekhatsi kwemincele yemasango elipulazi, kungalinganiswa ngaphasi kwe-5% ye-GDP yaseNingizimu Afrika. I-agro-food complex, lefaka ekhatsi kukhicita lokwetayelekile kanye nalokufakiwe kuloko kukhicita kanye nemikhakha ye-agro-processing, ingalinganiswa na-14% yeGDP. Kunebalimi labatsengisako lsbakhulu labalinganiselwa ku-50 000 labahamba phambili, kodvwa hhayi kuphela, labasuselwa kubantfu labamhlophe. Nga-2000, batfumela emaveni angaphandle imikhicito lelinganiselwa ku-R16 billion, nobe cishe 10% yemikhicito yalelive letfunyelwa ngaphandle. Bacasha tisebenti letilinganiselwa kusigidzi sinye, nobe 11% yetisebenti letiphelele leticashwe ngalokusemtsetfweni eNingizimu Afrika. Tisebenti letinyenti tihlala tihlala emapulazini futsi nebantfwana bato batfola imfundvo etikolweni tasemapulazini. Ngalokunjalo emapulazi aniketa imphilo kanye netindlu kumalunga emindeni lalinganiselwa kutigidzi letingu-6 etisebenti letisigidzi sinye aphindze abanikete tidzingo tabo temfundvo.  

Kukhona futsi labanye balimi labancane labalinganiselwa ku-240 000 labaniketa imphilo kumalunga emindeni yabo langengetulu kwesigidzi sinye kanye netisebenti letisebenta ngalokungekho emtsetfweni letilinganiselwa ku-500 000. baniketa timakethe talapho bahlala khona kanye netesigogodzi imikhicito lapho linani lelisetulu lebahwebi labangekho emtsetfweni batiphilisa khona. Ngetulu kwaloko, kunebalimi labalinganiselwa kutigidzi letingu-3, liningi labo lisetindzaweni tasemakhaya lebetitimele ngaphambilini, labakhicita kudla ngenjongo yekuhlangabetana netidzingo temindeni yabo. Kwekugcina, imisebenti yekukhicita kanye neyemphakatsi kumadolobha asemaphandleni kanye netikhungo temisebenti leniketwako ibekwe ngetinjongo tekusekela kulima kanye nemisebenti lehlobene naloko njenge-agri-tourism kanye ne-game farming. Ngetulu kwencenye yetifundza futsi nebantfu labalinganiselwa ku-40% balelive bancike kutekulima kanye netimboni letihlobene nato.

Loluhlelo lisu lwasungulwa liTiko leTekulima, i-Agri SA kanye neNAFU ngesicelo saMengameli kutsi bagucule lesimo lesivumako kutsi sibe tinjongo, tinchubomgomo kanye netento letitawuholela etikwekukhula kanye nentfutfuko kubo bonkhe labadlala indzima kulomkhakha. Lesicelo bekumphumela locondzene nemhlangano welicembu lelisebentako leTekulima laMengameli ngaMashi 2001, lapho Mengameli wanika inselela kulaba labatsintsekako kutsi babeke luhlelo lisu lelifanako lelitawubukana nekubumbana kwalemboni kanye nekukhulu.

Balingani labanyenti baloluhlelo bayatsintseka ekusungulweni kanye nekusetjentiswa kwaloluhlelo lisu lwalomkhakha. Bafaka ekhatsi hulumende, balimi, agribusiness, tinhlangano te-agriservice, tisebenti letihlelekile, tinhlangano letitfolakala emphakatsini kanye netinhlangano tasemaveni. Laba bonkhe babadlali ndzima lababalulekile kanye nemakhasimende aloluhlelo lisu lelakhiwe kutsi lufinyelele kulelikhasimende lelibalulekile, bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika kute baphumelelise lenjongo yemphilo lencono yawo wonkhe umuntfu.

Nanobe ibalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwetekulima, indzaba yetisebenti letihlelekile ayizange idzingidzwe kulomculu ngoba linyenti laletindzaba tadzingidzwa ?kulombono munye ngetisebenti tasemapulazini? lotsandza kucedvwa. Letindzaba letikulomculu tenta incenye lebalulekile yekusetjentiswa kwalelicebo lweluhlelo lisu.

Lenchubo yekusungula loluhlelo lisu yalandzelwa linani lelitsite lemiculu ahulumende kanye nalamanye emasu. Konkhe loku kwakhe luhlakamsebenti lolusebentako lengako loluhlelo lisu lwemkhakha wetekulima limisiwe futsi lifaka ekhatsi loku lokulandzelako:

* Lombono we-Afrika lensha (lebewatiwa ngekutsi Lisu lekuvuselela i-Afrika lwe-millenium) lapho ebahola be-Afrika babeka umbono munye kanye nelitsemba lelicinile futsi nekuvisisana kutsi batawucedza inhlupheko kanye nekubeka emave abo endleleni leya ekukhuleni lokugcinekako kanye nentfutfuko.
* Luhlelo lisu lelihlangahlangene leligcinekako lwekutfutfukiswa kwetindzawo tasemaphandleni ngenca yenhloso yekuntjintja emaphandle aseNingizimu Afrika abe ngulawa lanemnotfo kanye nemiphakatsi lesimeme kanye nemkhakha lonekutfula lofaka sandla ngalokubonakalako ku-GDP yalelive.
* LiKhomishane lekuNiketwa kweMandla kubosomaBhizinisi labamNyama kanye nekwakhiwa kwendlela yekuNiketwa kweMandla kwabosoMabhizinisi labamNyama (BEE)
* Kwabiwa kabusha kwemhlaba kweluhlelo lekutfutfukiswa kwetekulima (LRAD), lekuluhlelo lolungaphasi kwaloluhlelo lekwabiwa kabusha kwemhlaba. Loluhlelo lwakhiwe kutsi linikete takhamiti taseNingizimu Afrika lebetincishwe ematfuba ngaphambilini kutsi batfole umhlaba ikakhulukati ngetinjongo tekulima.
* ?Umbono kanye nendlela yekutiphatsa etikwebudlelwano betisebenti etikwetekuLima? lebhalwe betekulima labahlelekile, tinyonyane tebasebenti kanye neliTiko leTemisebenti. Umbono lofanako ekwakheni kabusha kwemhlaba nawo nyalo sewusendleleni yekutsi ubhalwe.
* Luhlakamsebenti loluhlangahlangene lwekuhlela lwahulumende
* Siphakamisomtsetfo sanga-1995 kutekulima kanye nemculu wokucocisana wanga-1998 wenchubomgomo wetekulima.


Kulesigaba lesilandzelako umbono wemkhakha wetekulima uyasungulwa uphindze uchwazwe. Sigaba 3 sibese silandzela ngekubonisa simo sanyalo kulomkhakha, lesincedza ekuboneni, kusigaba 4, tinselele tekuphumelelisa lombono. Letinselele talomkhakha tiholela kutinhlelo lisu letimcoka letintsatfu, lekukhulunywa ngato kusigaba 5. Letinhlelo letintsatfu angeke tisebente todvwane, futsi tincike kumasu lasihlanu lalekelelanako lekukhulunywa ngawo kusigaba 6, ngekusebenta kwawo, kwakha sisekelo sephumelelisa lenjongo yaleluhlelo. Sigaba 7 sikhuluma ngekutsi ?kanjani? kuloluhlelo lisu ngekubonisa letinhlelo letihamba phambili kanye netakhiwo kanye netinchubo tekusetjentiswa kwaloluhlelo lisu.

2. Umbono wetekulima eNingizimu Afrika
Letinchukaca kanye netinselela letiniketwe ngumengameli kanye nemabala lasisekelo kanye nalokubalulekile kulomphakatsi weNingizimu Afrika uhola lombono wemkhakha wetekulima. Lombono ungu:

Umkhakha wetekulima lobumbene kanye nalophumelelako

Lombono uchaza umkhakha lobumbene losetjentelwa luhlakamsebenti wenchubomgomo munye lowentiwe kucedza lobuhloko mbili kanye nekukhulisa kufaka sandla kwalomkhakha ekukhuleni kwemnotfo kanye nentfutfuko.

Lombono usho kubamba lichaza lokugcinekako lokunembuyiselo kutemnotfo wetekulima eNingizimu Afrika mitimba lephelele yetemnotfo, kunaka lokugcwele kwekubaluleka kwekukhicita ngenjongo yekutsengisa kanye nebucobo bemiphumela yemlandvo kanye nekutsatfwa kwemacele lekwaholela ekufinyeleleni lokungakacondzi kanye nekumelwa. Lombono umukela kuhlangahlangana kwalomkhakha kanye netinjongo kucinisekisa indzawo kanye nendzima yabo bonkhe balimi etikwemboni lobumbene. Lokunakwa lokunjalo kutsatfwa njengalokufanele kulesimo sanyalo sentfutfuko yesive saseNingizimu Afrika futsi kutawakha sisekelo sekubandzakanya kanye nekuniketa umfutfo onkhe emacembu alomphakatsi lobewuhlukanisiwe ngekwemlandvo, ngetindlela, temabhizinisi lamancane, lasemkhatsini, kanye nalamakhulu kanye nemacembu lebekancishwe ematfuba ngaphambilini (ngembala, bulili kanye nemacembu elusha).

Ekusekeleni umbono wetekulima, kunaka lokubalulekile kwelicebo lweluhlelo lisu kutawunakwa kuletinjongo letibalulekile letilandzelako

?Kusungula kufinyelela lokulinganako kanye nekubamba lichaza kulomkhakha wetekulima lochudzelanako ngekwemave ngemave, lonembuyiselo kanye nalogcinekako lofaka sandla ekwenteni imphilo lencono yawo wonkhe umuntfu.?

Lenjongo yeluhlelo lisu itawuhola bonkhe labalingani bemphakatsi labatsintsekako kutsi batfule emacebo lahlukahlukene kanye netinhlelo. Letinhlelo titawusungulwa futsi tisetjentiswe ngekuhambelana nalamabala lalandzelako kanye netitatimende tetintfo letibalulekile:

* Umklomelo lonelisako wemizamo, kutifaka engotini kanye nekulungisa
* Kuvikeleka kwebabambi lichaza banyalo kanye nebakusasa
* Kufinyelela lokulinganako kumitfombo kanye netintfo tekukhicita
* Kusetjentiswa ngalokugcinekako kwemitfombo yemvelo kanye neye-bhayoloji
* Luhlelo loluvakalako, isayensi, lwati kanye netinhlelo tetheknoloji
* Emandla emakethe atawuhola imisebenti yebhizinisi kanye nekuniketwa kwemitfombo
* Luhlaka msebenti lolucacako lwekuphatsa kanye nemisebenti lephumelelako yahulumende
* Kutsembeka kwenchubomgomo kanye nekwatiwa kwayo
* Bulingani lobuphendvulako emkhatsini kwemkhakha wangasese kanye newemphakatsi ekwenteni inchubomgomo kanye nekuphunyeleliswa kwemisebenti

Lemiphumela lelandzelako ilindzelekile kutsi ilandzelane ngekulandzelwa ngemphumelelo kwetinjongo teluhlelo lisu:

* Kwakhiwa kwemnotfo lokungetiwe kutekulima kanye nasetindzaweni tasemaphandleni
* Imisebenti lengetiwe lesimeme 
* Imbuyekelo lengetiwe kanye nekungena kwemali yangaphandle lokungetiwe
* Inhlupheko lencishisiwe kanye nekungalingani kubuniyo bemhlaba kanye nemabhizinisi
* Kuphumelela kwekulima lokwentiwe ncono
* Kuvikeleka kwekudla lokwentiwe ncono kwavelonkhe kanye nemakhaya
* Imiphakatsi lehlalisekile kanye nalephephile yasemaphandleni, emazinga lancishisiwe ebugebengu kanye neludlame, kanye nentfutfuko yasemaphandleni lesimeme
* Litsemba lebatjali mali lelentiwe ncono lelitawuholela kulutjalo mali lelingetiwe lapho ekhaya kanye nangaphandle emisebentini yetekulima kanye nasemaphandleni
* Kutichenya kanye nekuhlonipheka kutekulima njengemsebenti kanye nemkhakha

3. Simo lekungiso sanyalo kutekulima eNingizimu Afrika

INingizimu Afrika yakhiwe emazinga lasetulu enhlupheko, ikakhulukati etindzaweni tasemaphandleni lapho lokungenani ebantfu labahluphekako labangu-70% baseNingizimu Afrika bahlala khona. Timali letingenako kubo tivimbelekile ngobe umnotfo wasemaphandleni awukaneli kutsi ubanikete imisebenti leholelako kanye nematfuba ekutisebenta.

Kunetizatfu letiningi tesimo setindzaba, kodvwa linyenti laleti limile etikwetinchubomgomo lebetisetjentiswa esikhatsini lesidlulile. Ngalesikhatsi timo letiyimvelo njengekuntjintja kwesimo selitulu titingoti letibonakalako kanye netintfo letibanga tindleko etikwekulima, tinchubomgomo letihlelekile kanye nemiphumela lengakahloswa yetinchubomgomo esikhatsini lesidlulile kufake sandla ekukhuleni lokungekho kahle kanye nelutjalo mali kulomkhakha. Uma ngabe tindzawo tasemaphandleni betinesisekelo lesitawusekela kuzuza lokukhulu kanye nemandla ekutsenga, umnotfo wasemaphandleni bewutaba nemandla, ukhule futsi wakhe nematfuba emaholo kanye nekutisebenta. Ngaloko, kungashiwo kutsi uma umnotfo waseNingizimu Afrika bewulandzele indlela lehlukile, lenake imisebenti, lefaka wonkhe umuntfu kanye nendlela yentfutfuko lengabandlululi kanye nekuhlala esikhatsini lesitako, inhlupheko yasemaphandleni ngabe ayizange ibe incenye lechubekako kulomphakatsi wetfu walamuhla kanye nemnotfo.

Iminotfo kulamanye emave ivame kukhula ngalokwetayelekile ngekukhipha imitfombo yebantfu kanye neyemali kumikhakha letayelekile (tekulima, lokumbiwa phasi), kwekucala iyiswe kumikhakha yetimboni bese emuva kwaloko iyiswe kumikhakha yemisebenti leniketwako. Loku kube njalo naseNingizimu Afrika, lapho ingucuko leya emuva kwesikhatsi sebumboni sesicalile. Kodvwa kunebufakazi bekutsi kulenchubo imikhakha letayelekile (njengeyetekulima) ihlulekile kufinyelela etikwelikhono labo leliphelele nobe ikwentile loko ngendlela lembi leyaholela ebantfwini labanyeni kutsi bashiyelwe ngaphandle etikwetinzuzo tentfutfuko.

Tekulima ngenjongo yetekutsengisa eNingizimu Afrika tilandzele indlela yekukhula kwetimali, ngalesikhatsi imitfombo lemikhulu yetekulima (bantfu kanye netinsita) tisala ingakasebenti nobe isetjentiswa ngalokungakaneli etindzaweni lebetibekelwe bantfu labamnyama ngaphambilini. Letintfo letimbili tikhinyabete likhono lekungenisa imali kwebantfu basemaphandleni. Ngetulu kwaloko, emakhono emabhizinisi ebalimi labamnyama acindzetelwa, kwekucala ngekukhishelwa ngaphandle kwabo kumakethe yemihlaba yekulimela kutsengisa nangekutsi kulima lokukhululekile kwekutsengisa kwakucishe kungaphumeleli etindzaweni tebantfu labamnyama ngaphambilini. Ematfuba emisebenti etikwetekulima ngenjongo yekutsengisa beka futsi solo avuleleke kubasebenti labanganamakhono lakhetsekile labatfola imiholo lephasi, futsi nencenye lenkhulu yetisebenti tisebenta ngetikhatsi letitsite kanye nangesikhashane. Ngetulu kwaloko, lendlela yekukhula beyisho kutsi timboni letisetulu (emafemu lafaka imikhicito) kanye netimboni letingaphasi (balungisi bekudla neboya) letihlobene netekulima betihleliwe, ngaloko kuncisha bantfu basemaphandleni ematfuba etemnotfo.

Letintfo leti betinemtselela lomkhulu ekwakheni bunhloko mbili lobudlulele kanye nekungalingani etikwetekulima. Lobunhloko mbili kwakha kuhlukana kwekutsi ?tsine? kanye ?nabo? kulaba lababambe lichaza futsi kuholele etikwendlela yekwenta inchubomgomo nangekuniketwa kwemisebenti lokunaka tekulima letimbili kunekunaka umkhakha munye lobumbene ? munye wekulima ngenjongo yekutsengisa nalolomunye lobitwa ngekutsi balimi labasafufusa. Ngaloko kusweleka umbono (tsine/tsine/yetfu) lofanako kanye nekuvisisana kutekulima kanye nekuva kuhlanganyela lokuncane kanye nekuba sekhaya. Loluhlelo lisu luhlose kucedza lendlela lehlukanisako kanye naleyingoti.

Kusukela nga-1990, tinchubo letinyenti titsetfwe kucedza lemitsetfo yekubandlulula kanye nekwenta ncono kubamba lichaza, kantsi ngaleso sikhatsi leminye imizamo leminyenti yentiwe kukhipha lomkhakha ukhishwe esandleni sahulumende kanye nekukhula lomkhakha. Letinye tinyatselo tibe nemiphumela lemihle kantsi letinye tibe nemiphumela lengakahloswa. Kugucuka kwenchubomgomo lokukhulu kuloku kufake ekhatsi:

* Kukhishwa eandleni sahulumende kwekutsengiswa kwaleminye imikhicito yetekulima
* Tingucuko ekuphatfweni kwetekulima ngendlela yekunciphisa kuchaswa, kufaka ekhatsi kucitfwa kwetivumelwano tentselo letitsite lebetibeka lomkhakha esimeni lesikahle
* Kuncishiswa kwetindleko teluhlelomali lolucondzene nalomkhakha
* Kwakhiwa kabusha kwemhlaba, lokufaka ekhatsi kubuyiselwa kwemhlaba kubanikati, kwabiwa kabusha kanye netinhlelo letinsha tekucashisa
* Kwakhiwa kabusha kwenchubomgomo yekuhwebelana, lebekufaka ekhatsi kutseliswa kwetintfo lebetitfolakala epulazini kanye nekukhululwa lokwetayelekile kwekuhwebelana kwetekulima kufaka ekhatsi tivumelwano tekuhwebelana ngalokukhululekile
* Kwakhiwa kabusha kwemitimba lokunemtselela ekuphatfweni kwetekulima
* Kusetjentiswa kwemtsetfo wetetisebenti kumkhakha wetekulima

Loluntjintjo lube nemiphumela lemikhulu leholele kulokukhicita lokungetiwe kanye netekulima letinekuchudzelana, nanobe balimi labanyenti babese bangasavikeleki kulokumangisa kwemhlaba jikelele, timo telitulu letintjintja-ntjintjako, simo sesikweleti lesiba sibi kakhulu kanye netindlela letinciphako tekuhwebelano. Loku, kanye nemtsetfo wekwakhiwa kabusha kwemtsetfo wetemisebenti, emanti kanye nemhlaba, kuholele ekubonweni lokutjekile mayelana netinjongo talomtsetfo, kulindzeleka kwalokukhulu lokunyukile kutisebenti, kanye netitatimende temiphakatsi letikhishwe macembu lacindzetela hulumende lahlukahlukene, kufake sandla ekutsatfweni kabi kwalomtsetfo balimi labatsengisako kanye nekuncishiswa kwebasebenti labacashwe sikhatsi lesigcwele emapulazini.

Lenchubo lephutfumako yekukhishwa esandleni sahulumende kanye nekukhululwa kuleminyaka lelishumi ledlulile kuphindze kwaveta sobala likhono lebalimi labanyenti kukhona kuhambisana neluntjintjo lwemgomo kanye nemakethe. Kubekwa ebaleni kumchudzelwano wemhlaba jikelele kukhinyabete kabi likhono labo lekuchudzelana, kwenta balimi labanyenti kutsi bashiye lemboni. Kulomnotfo lonekuchudzelana lokukhulu kanye nalovulekile, tindlela tekulima ngalokuncane tiyahluleka nobe tikutfola kundzima kutsi tibe yincenye yetekulima kwavelonkhe.

Nanobe tindzawo tetihibe letimbalwa kanye netinkinga tivimbela umkhakha wetekulima kutsi usebente ngelikhono lawo leliphelele, loku kuyincenye yesitfombe kuphela. Kunetinkhomba letikahle kutsi balimi bachuba kahle kulesimo sanyalo. Kukhona bufakazi bekutsi kunesisekelo sekutsatsa ngendlela lekahle kanye nekufuna kubalimi, imisebenti ye-agribusiness kanye nahulumende kutsi babukane naletinselela letilandzelako futsi batigucule kutsi tibe ngematfuba.

4. Tinselela talomkhakha

Kuletinchociswano letichubekako kuyakhonakala kutsi kubonakale tinkinga letinkhulu kanye netinselele talomkhakha. Inselela lenkhulu kutekulima taseNingizimu Afrika kutsi ikhulule lelikhono lelingakatfolwa lelikhona kulabantfu bayo kanye nalembuyiselo lencane kanye nekuchudzelana lokuvimbela linyenti lebantfu bayo kanye nemitimba yetemnotfo. Lenkhiwa yakhiwa linani lelitsite letinkinganyane ? leyo naleyo iletsa tinselela tayo.


KUCHUDZELANA LOKUVIMBELEKILE KANYE NEMBUYEKELO LENCANE

Tinkhomba tibonisa kutsi umkhakha wetekulima waseNingizimu Afrika ubonisa buncono kulenselela yekuchudzela lokungetiwe. Kodvwa, kusakhona bufakazi bekutsi leminye imikhakha lemincane yetekulima kanye nemisebenti lengeta kubaluleka ayinako kuchudzelana etimakethe talapha ekhaya kanye nasetimakethe temhlaba jikelele. Loku kunetimbangela letihlukahlukene, kufaka ekhatsi tindleko letisetulu letifakwako tihlanganiswe nemkhicito losezingeni leliphasi, emasu ebhizinisi lakabi kanye nekungentiwa kahle wetintfo, kanye netento tekuhwebelana letingakalungi talaba lesichudzelana nabo, njalo njalo. Lokuswelakala kwemakhono ekuchudzelana emhlabeni jikelele nako kuholela ekutseni kube nembuyekelo lencane futsi ibe ngaphasi kwembuyekelo letayelekile kulomkhakha, lebuye ibe ngiyo lefaka sandla ekutseni kube nelutjalo mali loluncane kutimboni letitsite. Lena ngiyo inselela lenkhulu ledzinga kulungiswa kute kubekwe tekulima kulendlela yekukhula lenkhulu lehlongotwako.

KUBAMBA LICHAZA LOKUVINJELWE

Ngenca yemlandvo wekukhishelwa ngaphandle kanye nekubandlulula kutekulima taseNingizimu Afrika, inselela nyalo kwenta ncono kubamba lichaza kuto tonkhe tinkhalo talomkhakha futsi sikhiphe kube kanye tonkhe letihibe letimile kuloku lokubili lekungumlandvo. Inselele ikakhulukati kubona tinhlelo letitawugcugcutela lalabasha labangenako ? labamhlophe nalabamnyama, labasha nalabadzala, madvodza nebafati, emabhizinisi lamancane nalasemkhatsini kutsi bangene kulomkhakha. Kubalulekile kutfola tindlela tekucinisekisa kutsi tonkhe letinhlangotsi talomkhakha titiva futsi titibona ngemoya lomuhle titasemtimbeni munye.

LITSEMBA LELINCANE LEBATJALI TIMALI KUTEKULIMA

Lelitsemba lelincane lebatjali timali kutekulima libangwa ngulembuyekelo lencane kanye netinkhingwa letingenakuncandvwa kanye naleticinile temnotfo kanye netinkinga temphakatsi letiphazamisa lutjalo mali njengaleti tekubulawa kwebantfu emapulazini, kukhishwa ngalokungekho emtsetfweni kanye nekutsatsa umhlaba ngalokungekho emtsetfweni. Litsemba lemtjali timali libalulekile kuzuza umkhakha wetekulima lophilako kanye nalokhulako.

TINDLELA LETINGAKANELI, LETINGASEBENTI KAHLE KANYE NALETINGANAMPHUMELELO TEKUSEKELA KANYE NEKUPHUNYELELISWA

Lokuswelakala kwekuphunyeleliswa kanye nekusetjentiswa kwetindlela letibanti tahulumende, imitsetfo kanye netinhlelo kanye netindlela tekusekela letingasebenti kahle ? lokubalulekile ekucinisekiseni simo lesivumako kutekulima ? kwenta kukhatsateka lokukhulu kanye nenselela kuwo onkhe ema-ejensi ahulumende lalekelela umkhakha wetekulima. Tintfo letifaka sandla kulenkinga kuhlukaniswa kwemisebenti letsite, imitfombo lengakaneli, kubusa lokungakacini kanye nekutsembeka kanye netincumo tebaphatsi letikabi nekubambeleleka lokudze ekutsatseni tincumo.

KUPHATFWA KABI KANYE NEKUPHATFWA NGALOKUNGACONDZEKI KWEMITFOMBO YEMVELO

Umhlaba longakasetjentiswa lonelikhono lelisetulu kanye nalelisemkhatsini awukho munyenti eNingizimu Afrika, futsi kulinganisiwe kululwa lokucondzile kwemikhicito yetekulima. Ngetulu kwaloko, takhiwo ncanti kanye nemisebenti kulekelela kusetjentiswa kwemhlaba lokugcinekako atikaneli. Tinhlelo tahulumende (lokuyi-LandCare kanye ne-Working for water) lokuhloswe ngato kuvikela indzawo yemtfombo tiyasebenta kodvwa atikaneli. Kwehliswa kwekunotsa kwemhlaba kusolo kuyinkinga kumihlaba lekahle kanye nalesemkhatsini. Ngalendzaba yekutsi tekulima kumele tingete letikuhlanyelako ngaloyo naloyo mhlaba, kuyinselela lenkhulu kutsi sicinisekise kutsi loko akwenteki ngendlela letawona indzawo yemtfombo wemvelo.

5. Tinhlelo lisu letibalulekile


Letinselela letiboniwe tidzinga kulungiswa ngekuphutfuma lokukhulu kuphumelelisa umkhakha wetekulima kutsi usuke kulesimo lesiliciniso sanyalo uye kulenjongo yeloluhlelo ?yekufinyelela lokulinganako kanye nekubamba lichaza kumkhakha wetekulima wemhlaba jikelele, lonembuyiselo kanye nalogcinekako lofaka sandla emphilweni lencono yawo wonkhe umuntfu? lombono ungaphumelela ngeluhlelo lisu laseNingizimu Afrika leTekulima lelakhiwe tintfo letintstfu letibalulekile, lekungu: kufinyelela ngalokulinganako kanye nekubamba lichaza, kuchudzelana ngekwemazinga emhlaba kanye nekuba nembuyiselo kanye nekuphatfwa kwemitfombo yemvelo ngalokugcinekako.

5.1 Licebo lekufinyelela lokulinganako kanye nekubamba lichaza

Tinjongo talelicebo kukhulisa kufinyelela lokulinganako kanye nekubamba lichaza kumatfuba etekulima; kanye nekukhulula lelikhono lebusomabhinisi kulomkhakha. Kunakwa kwalo kutawuba sekwakhiweni kabusha kwemhlaba, emaphakethe ekusekela kucala kubangeni labasha kutekulima, bungani kanye nekutfutfukiswa kwalemkhakha.

Lelicebo libukana nalobunhloko mbili lobungumlandvo kanye netinchubo tekushiyelwa ngaphandle, futsi kugcugcutela nekubamba lichaza lokuchubekako kwalaba lesevele bayincenye yalomkhakha. Kuphindze kusekele kutfutfukiswa kwembono wawonkhe wonkhe kanye nelicebo linye leTekulima lokufaka wonkhe umuntfu kanye nalokuhlangahlangene lelitawumela onkhe emabhizinisi kanye nebukhulu bemapulazi, kusukela kulelincane kakhulu kuya kulelikhulu kakhulu. Hulumende kuloku utawusungula luhlakamsebenti lwebungani lelitawusebentisa lelicebo lelibalulekile. Lobufakazi bebungani lobukahle nalobucinile kanye nebu-mentorship lobusungulekako emkhatsi webalimi labatsengisako kanye nalaba labatsandza kungena kutawugcugcutelwa.

Kubamba lichaza lokugcinekako kulomkhakha kutawucisekiswa kuphela uma sicitsa lokubonwa kabi kwetekulima njengalokuhambelana nembuyiselo lencane, tikweleti, tinkinga tekuvikeleka, kukhatsateka kwebatsengi ngekuvikeleka kwekundla, tindzaba tekufaneleka kanye nengucuko lehamba kancane ? futsi ngaloko kube ngumkhakha bantfu labanganalitsemba kuwo kanye nekutichenya ngawo. Kulima kuvame kutsatfwa njengentfo yemadvodza emabhunu lanekutiva asengotini layikhulisako, kutikhipha inyumbazana kanye nekunganaki kubalimi lesevele bakhona kanye nalabacebile. Lenye intfo levame kushiwo kutekulima kutsi bantfu labamnyama abakhoni nobe kumele bangabi ngulutfu ngetulu kulelizinga lebalimi bemphakatsi lekulimela kudla kuphela. Lemibono ingacedvwa kuphela uma kubonwa kwetekulima kanye nangetekulima iyantjintjwa bese ivalwa ngemcondvo wetekulima lophilile, lophumelelako kanye nalomele wonkhe wonkhe lobukana nekukhatsateka ngemvelo kanye nekuvikeleka kwekudla kwebatsengi.

Kugcugcutela bangeni labasha kulomkhakha wetekulima, kunaka kutawuba kumizamo yekuniketa emandla ngekwemnotfo: kubantfu labamnyama, bafati, labakhubatekile kanye nasensheni yato tonkhe tinhlanga. Lenchubo yekuphumelelisa ebantfu labamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika kutsi baphumelele ekulimeleni kutsengisa kanye naku-agribusiness kutawudzinga imizamo leyentiwe kahle kanye nalecondziswe kahle ekulinganiseni inkhundla yekudlalela nekuletsa umkhakha lomele wonkhe umuntfu ngendlela lengetiwe kanye nalehlangene. Ngetulu kwaloko, kuyabonwa kutsi lusha lwato tonkhe tinhlanga tilikusasa futsi kumele tigcugcutelwe kutsi tingenelele emisebentini yetekulima. Lemizamo itawentiwa kukhicita umkhakha lohlangahlange kakhulu kanye nalophumelela kakhulu wetekulima, lotawuniketa indlela yemnotfo lokhulako wasemaphandleni, ngaphandle kwekuhlawulisa ebalimi labatsengisako lesevele bakhona.

KWAKHIWA KABUSHA KWEMHLABA

Njengesinyatselo sekucala kubalulekile kutsi sibukane ngemphumelelo nekwakhiwa kabusha kwemhlaba kucinisekisa kusimama kwasemaphandleni kanye nekuciniseka kwemakethe. Lenchubo yekuniketwa kwemandla ngekwemnotfo eNingizimu Afrika kucala ngekufinyelela lokwentiwe ncono kumhlaba kanye nemalungelo ekucasha lanele lakubantfu kanye nasetindzaweni lapho loku kungekho.

Kute sibukane ngemphumelelo nekwakhiwa kabusha kwemhlaba, kubalulekile kutsi tonkhe tindzawo tekufinyelela kumhlaba njengekwabiwa kabusha kwemhlaba, kubuyiselwa kwemhlaba kubaniyo kanye nekwakhiwa kabusha kwekucasha kumhlaba kuniketwe kunaka lokwanele. Letinchubo titawufaka ekhatsi, kodvwa angeke tinakwe kakhulu licebo lweluhlelo lisu, kusetjentiswa kwemhlaba ngetinjongo letingasito tekulima njengekwetindlu, njalo njalo. 

Kulandzela inchubekela phambili lehamba kancane ekusebenteni kwekubuyiselwa kwemhlaba kubaniyo kuleminyaka lesihlanu yekucala ngemuva kwa-1994, loluhlelo luhlelwe kabusha. LoKwakhiwa kaBusha kweMhlaba weluhlelo lekuTfutfukiswa kwetekuLima lakhiwe kutsi lilule tindlela tekusekela letitawentelwa takhamiti  taseNingizimu Afrika lebetincishwe ematfuba phambilini kutsi bafinyelele tikwemhlaba ikakhulukati ngetinjongo tekulima. Kucinisa lomcabango wekubuyiselwa kwemhlaba kubaniyo lokusekelwa yimakethe kwaloluhlelo lwasekucaleni lekwakhiwa kabusha. Lwati lwemave ngemave lubonisa kutsi tinhlelo letisimeme kumakethe lekubuyiselwa kwemhlaba kubaniyo lokuholwa nguhulumende kuvame kusebenta kahle kunetinhlelo letentiwa nguhulumende yedvwane. Loluhlelo lelentiwe kabusha linelikhono lekuphutfumisa kwabiwa kwemhlaba, ngoba luluhlelo lolubumbene futsi nalolulula futsi lentiwa banftu labatawuzuza labangalusebentisa ngetindlela letiguculekako mayelana netinjongo tabo kanye nemitfombo.

Hulumende utibophelele ekucinisekiseni kuphumelela kwaloluhlelo kanye nekucinisekisa kutsi bantfu labasuka emacenjini lebekanganamatfuba phambilini atfola kufinyelela kumhlaba ngendlela lephutfumako kanye nalehlelekile. Kodvwa kubalulekile kutsi umhlaba usetjentiswe ngalokunemphumelelo. Loku kutawenteka kuphela uma imisebenti yekusekela kanye netinhlelo tekucecesha tiniketwa. Ngaloko kuyabonakala kutsi kwakhiwa kabusha kwemhlaba kanye nekuhlaliswa kwebalimi angeke kutentekele nekutsi ematiko etiFundza eTekulima kanye nahulumende wasekhaya kutawufuneka adlale indzima lebalulekile ekuncedzeni labatawuzuza. Loku kutawudzinga kutsi lenkinga yemandla yabohulumende betifundza kanye nebasemakhaya ilungiswe njengendzaba lephutfumako.

Tonkhe tindlela tekusekela kwakhiwa kabusha kwemhlaba lokuphutfumako kanye nalokugcinekako titawulandzelwa. Loku kutawucukatsa kutsengiswa kwemhlaba wetekulima lophetfwe ngasese njengendzawo yekucala lekumele ibukisiswe. Loku kutawulekelelwa ngetindlela letifana njengetikimu tekwabelana ngalokulinganako, kulima ngenkhontileka, kulima ngekukhokhela irenti, kwakhiwa kabusha kwekucashisa etindzaweni temiphakatsi kanye nekutsatfwa kwemhlaba wangasese.

Njengoba linyenti lebantfu basemaphandleni bahlala babuye balime emhlabeni wasemphakatsini, tindzaba tekuvikeleka kwekucashisa kumele tilungiswe masinyane. Kubalulekile kuniketa tinsita letentiwe ncono kanye nematfuba elutjalo mali kuletindzawo. Njengoba lena yindzaba lenebuhlungu, inchubo yekuchumana lokuchubekako nebaholi bendzabuko kucinisekisa imphumelelo yalenchubo itawutsatfwa. Loku kutawuphekeletelwa kuvuselelwa kwetikimu tekunisela etindzaweni lebetibekelwe bantfu labamnyama ngaphambilini kanye nekudluliselwa kuphatfwa kwato kanye nebunikati kubalimi labakwatiko kanye nemiphakatsi.

Nanobe kwakhiwa kabusha kwemhlaba kuyindlela lebalulekile yekuhamba ekucinisekiseni kubamba lichaza lokusabalele etikwetekulima kwavelonkhe, linani lemisebenti yekusekela kumele ilungiswe sikhatsi sinye kucinisekisa kutsi inchubo yekufinyelela kanye nekuniketwa emandla iyaphumelela futsi iyagcineka.

IMISEBENTI YEKUSEKELA

Ngalesikhatsi emandla emTsetfosisekelo labonakalako kanye netimali tilulelwe ekuniketeni kufinyelela etikwemhlaba kubangeni labasha kutekulima kuleminyaka lelishumi ledlulile, kunaka lokuncane kuniketiwe kutinhlelo tekusekela balimi. Kuze kube ngulamuhla, lusekelo lwangemuva kwekunikwa umhlaba kuniketwa ngetindlela tamalanga onkhe, nemiphumela yekutsi luncedvo lwalo lube kahle kancane. Ngalokunjalo, imisebenti yekusekela balimi etindzaweni lebetibekelwe bantfu labamnyama yonkhe iwile.

Kunetinselela letimbili mayelana nemisebenti yekusekela ngemuva kwekuhlaliswa etikwemhlaba. Kwekucala, uma balimi batawuniketwa emandla kutsi badlale indzima leyakhako ekutfutfukisweni kwetekulima, kuyadzingeka kutsi bafinyelele kumisebenti yekusekela. Kodvwa umlandvo wase-Afrika uyabonisa kutsi loku kumele kungentiwa ngetisekelo tamalanga onkhe kanye naletibandlululako. Luhlolo luphindze lwabonisa kutsi imisebenti yelusekelo leniketwa balimi labancane nalabasemkhatsini kumele ingahlukaniswa kulena leniketwa balimi labatsengisako labakhulu. Ngaloko, inselela yekucala kwenta ncono kanye nekukhulisa lemisebenti yelusekelo lelukhona kuhlangabetana netidzingo tabo bonkhe balimi. Loku kufaka ekhatsi kuchutjekiswa kwemisebenti leminingi lechubekako njengekuciniswa kwemitimba yekutfulwa kwemisebenti yeluhlolo, imisebenti yetetimali, kufinyelela kumakethe kanye nekutfutfukiswa, kuceceshwa kanye nekutfutfukiswa kwemakhono kanye nemaTiko etiFundza eTekulima.

Inselela yesibili kuniketa lusekelo lolucondziswe kubalimi labasha. Tinyatselo letintsatfu titawutsatfwa kuloku:

* Kuniketwa kwelusekelo lwangemuva kwekuhlaliswa kwebalimi labazuza ekwabiweni kabusha kwemhlaba, ekubuyiselweni kwemhlaba kubaniketi kanye nekwakhiwa kabusha kwekucashisa. Lusekelo emuva kwekuhlaliswa kuloku kudzinga kuchumana ikakhulukati emkhatsini wemaTiko eTekulima kanye nebeTindzaba temHlaba, emkhatsini wahulumende wavelonkhe kanye nabohulumende basemakhaya, kanye netiphatsimandla tasemakhaya kanye netinhlangano tebalimi kanye ne-agribusiness.
* Kutfolwa kwebalimi labasha labasuka emacenjini labebancishwe ematfuba phambilini labatfole kufinyelela kumhlaba ngekuwutsenga ngasese, kuwurenta, ticelo, njalonjalo. Kuhlolwa kwetidzingo kutfola labakudzingako mayelana nemisebenti yekufinyelela kutawentiwa, netindzawo ngekuma kwato kanye netigaba temisebenti lapho tidzingo tabo titinkhulu titawucondziswa ngetinjongo tekuniketwa kwemisebenti lokunconywako.
* Letinyatselo tekulungisa tinhlelo tekutfutfukisa balimi emihlabeni yasemakhaya. Kugcizelela kutawuba ekulungiseni tindzawo letiyinkinga kanye netinyatselo tekuncedza labalimi kutsi babe bakhiciti labaphumelelako ngesikhashana nje. Loku kutawudzinga kufinyelela lokukahle kutimakethe, kuceceshwa, kwakhiwa kabusha kwekucashisa, takhiwo ncanti kanye netinhlelo tekusekela letihlosiwe. Tinhlelo letihambelana netinhlelo temikhicito, ema-agribusiness alapha ekhaya, kanye nelubambiswano kutawutsatfwa kuniketa tinsita letikahle kucinisekisa kubamba lichaza kwabo.

Labatsintsekako labahamba embili kulomkhakha kumele batibophelele kubeka kunaka kwabo kuletinhlelo tekusekela balimi kwakha tekulima tetfu, ngekutsi kulokunye, kugcugcutela tinhlelo tebungani, emaseshini emisebenti yeluhlelo lisu kanye nekubambisana kuletindzawo letilandzelako:

* Kufinyelela lokwentiwe ncono kumakethe kanye nekususwa kwetihibe temakethe kubangeni labasha
* Kukhulisa kudluliswa kwetheknoloji kubalimi labasha ngendzawo yinye yetekuchumana ezingeni lasemakhaya
* Kwenta licebo lekutfutfukiswa kwemitfombo yeluntfu, lekufaka ekhatsi kutfutfukiswa kwabosomabhizinisi labancane kanye nemiklamo yebululeki
* Kufinyelela lekwentiwe ncono emisebentini yetetimali leminyenti lehlukene ngendlela yekulula sandla kanye nekusebenta ngemphumelelo kwemitimba yetetimali tasemaphandleni
* Kunaka lokwentiwe ncono, kuhlanganyela kanye nekubambisana emkhatsini wemitimba yahulumende, kulima lokuhlelekile, tinhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwahulumende kanye netinhlangano temiphakatsi letibamba lichaza etikwetinhlelo tekutfutfukisa kwebalimi kumihlangano yavelonkhe, yetifundza kanye nasezingeni lahulumende wavelonkhe. Leminye imihlangano ingasetjentiswa kubona tidzingo kanye netinhlelo letifanelekile lekumele titfole kunakwa, kucocisana kanye nekucedza tindzawo letiyinkinga kuletinhlelo letikhona, kutfola tidzingo tetinsita kanye nebudlelwano bahulumende kanye nabosomabhizinisi bangasese kwenta ncono kutsembeka kwetinhlelo nekufaka sandla etikwetincubomgomo kanye netinsita tetinchubomgomo
* Kwenta ncono likhono kanye nekuphumelela kwekululwa kwetisebenti ngekhatsi kwemabhizinisi angasese kanye nemaTiko etiFundza eTekulima.

Kubamba lichaza lokungetiwe kwetekulima kutawusekelwa tinhlelo kuncedza bangeni labasha ngetakhiwo ncanti tasemapulazini. Tibonelo tifaka ekhatsi lusekelo lwekubiyela, emathange ediphu, ema-contour, imisebenti yekugcinwa kwemhlaba, imali yekutsenga imfuyo kanye nemabhoromashini.

Kusebentisana ngetindlela letinyenti kucondzane ngekuniketa emandle kubalimi. Ngekusebentisana, balimi babona tidzingo temalunga kanye nekusekela timfuno tabo, kulinganisa emandla abo kanye nekubukana nekuhluleka kwemakhethe. Hulumende ngaloko utawuniketa lusekelo kutinhlangano tebalimi kutsi takhe emakhono ato kanye nekusungula tindlela tekuchumana tangekhatsi. Kuloku bungani lobucinile emkhatsini we-NAFU kanye ne-AGRI SA butawugcugcutelwa njengesitfutsi lesinemandla sekuniketa emandla bonkhe balimi.

Tinhlangano tekulima eNingizimu Afrika tingumcimba lobalulekile kusekela balimi labasha. Tinhlangano lesevele tikhona tingadlala indzima lenkhulu, kodvwa nekusungulwa kwetinhlangano etindzaweni tasemaphandleni kumele kugcugcutelwe. Imizamo yekucala kuloku yahlule ngenca yekutiphatsa kabi kanye nekungatsembeki kwalamanye emalunga kanye netento tebaphatsi. Tindlela letinsha tekusungula letinhlelo ngekwakhiwa kwemakhono kanye netibndlela letitsembekile tekusekela ngetimali titawutsatfwa.

Kunekuswelakala lokwetayelekile kwetakhiwo ncanti etindzaweni lebetibekelwe bantfu labamnyama ngaphambilini, ngalesikhatsi lubito lubophelela kutfutfukiswa kanye nekulungiswa etindzaweni taphambilini tasemaphandleni talabamhlophe. Loku kunemiphumela yekwenta kutsi letindzawo tingabi nako kuchudzelana. Kute kulungiswe lokungalingani ngekwetakhiwo ncanti kanye nelubito lwekuniketwa kwemisebenti kancono, emaTiko etiFundza eTekulima kanye netiphatsi mandla tasemakhaya batawudzingeka kutsi babuyekete lokungalingani kwetakhiwo ncanti babuye bacinisekise kutsi luhla loluhlelekile luyaniketwa kulamaCebo laHlangahlangene eNtfutfuko ekutfutfukisa takhiwo ncanti. Loku kutawufaka ekhatsi kutsi kunakwa kuniketwe emalokishi asemaphandleni kanye netikhungo temisebenti leniketwako. Tekulima titawufakwa ekhatsi kulokunakwa kwetintfo letiboniwe temphakatsi.

Kulima kwanyalo sekuntjintjile ngenca yemiphumela yebulukhuni lobutfolwa ngumnotfo. Balimi baphendvukela etindleleni tekonga tindleko njengekuhlanganisa, kulula kanye nekungeta kubita njengetindlela tekubukana nalamazinga ekwehla kwembuyiselo. Lamacebo avame kusho kuphendvukela ekulimeni ngalokunyenti. Lesimo lesigucukako sekulima siphindze sisho kutsi kunesihibe lesifihlakele sekungena kwalabasha etikwetekulima. Kubukana naletinselela temnotfo, tindlela letinsha letilungisiwe titawentiwa kutsi tikwente kube lula kubantfu kutsi bangene kulemboni kulesimo sanyalo.

Nanome tindzima letitsitwe tibekelwe hulumende kuloluhlelo lekufinyelela kanye nekubamba lichaza, kubalulekile kunaka kutsi nemkhakha wangasese ? lokusho ema-agribusiness, balimi, tinhlangano, tinhlangano tebalimi ? tinendzima lenkhulu kakhulu lekumele tiyidlalo ekuphumeleliseni kunikwa kwemandla kanye nekubamba lichaza. Sekubaluleke kakhulu kutsi umkhakha wangasese utsatse lenselela yekuniketwa kwemandla kanye nekulingana lekwentiwe ncono. Tinsita titawusungulwa kugcugcutela kutibandzakanya kwemkhakha wangasese kulenchubo yekutfutfukiswa kwetekulima kanyeneyekuniketwa kwemandla.

5.2 Kuchudzelana ngekwemazinga emhlaba jikelele kanye nekutfolakala kwembuyiselo

Injongo yaloluhlelo kukhulisa kutfolakala kwembuyiselo ngekuchudzelana ngekwemazinga emhlaba lokugcinekako kulokufakwa ngumkhakha wetekulima lokusatjalaliswako, kulima lokwetayelekile, i-agro-processing, kanye netimboni te agro-tourism. Tintfo letisitfupha tincuma futsi takha lesimo lomkhakha lochudzelana kuso futsi titfutfukisa kwakhiwa kwekuba sesimeni lesikahle sekuchudzelana. Leti ngunati:

* Timo tetintfo tekukhicita
* Timo tekufunwa kwemikhicito
* Timbono letihlobene kanye naletisekelako
* Luhlelo lolucinile, kwakhiwa kanye nekumelana
* Kutiphatsa kwahulumende kanye nenchubomgomo
* Indzima yelitfuba

Leyo naleyontfo nyalo ibukwa ngetinyatselo teluhlelo letitsite kwenta ncono kuchudzelana kwetekulima

TIMO TETINTFO TEKUKHICITA

Timo tetintfo tekukhicita tisho tintfo tekukhicita, kutfolakala kanye nelizinga lemitfombo yemvelo, lizinga letindleko letingetiwe njengetisebenti, idizili, kokubulana tinambuzane, imishini, lwati kanye netakhiwo ncanti. Letintfo leti tiyafuneka kulomkhakha kute ukhone kuchudzelana ngekwemazinga emhlaba futsi ube nembuyiselo.

Tifundvo letitsandza kwentiwa tibonise kutsi timo tetintfo tekukhicita eNingizimu Afrika tivimbela kuchudzelana kumikhakha yetekulima kanye neye-agro-processing. Lokubaluleke kakhulu kuloku nguletindleko letingetiwe, nekukhicita kwalendzawo yemtfombo wemvelo, kubita kanye nekhwalithi yetisebenti lelingakaceceshwa, kubita kwetisebenti leticeceshiwe, tindleko tekuphatsa letihlobene nekuchasha kanye nekulawula tisebenti, ikhwalithi yetakhiwo ncanti, kubita kwemali lesisusa kanye nekubita kanye nekutfolakala kwetheknoloji.

Uma siticatsanisa nebakhiciti labakhulu bekudla lokutinhlavu njenge-US, EU, Argentina kanye neBrazili iNingizimu Afrika inemihlaba lenelikhono lelincane, simo selitulu lesomile futsi lesingakasimami, kanye nemnotfo lonetindleko letisetulu. Letintfo leti tikwenta kube lukhuni kutsi iNingizimu Afrika ichudzelane nalamave. Ngaloko, kute sikhone kuchudzelana, lendlela levulekile kubalimi ngaphandle kwelusekelo lahulumende ingaphumelela kakhulu kanye nekunciphisa tindleko tekukhicita ikakhulukati ngekusebentisa kufaka kancane kwemali ngendlela lekahle.

Balimi labanyenti kanye nema-agribusiness asebentise ngemphumelelo tinhlelo tekulinganisa, kuncishiswa kwetindleko, kuphatfwa kwetisebenti lokwentiwe ncono kanye nekuphumelela kwetindleko njengencenye yelicebo lekunciphisa tindleko tekukhicita. Kodvwa, loku kuniketa tisombululo letincane futsi netesikhashane kumapulazi lamanyenti lamancane kanye nalasemkhatsini kanye nemisebenti ye-agribusiness. Tinhlelo tahulumende letifaka sandla ekwehlisweni tonkhe letindleko tekukhicita tibese tiyadzingeka kutsi tibe yincenye lebalulekile yelicebo lekuchudzelana nalamanye emave.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu emafutsa emishini, titfutsi kanye netindleko temali lesisusa. Tindleko tetitfutsi tivame kukhuliswa kakhulukati takhiwo ncanti tetitfutsi letingakaneli kanye naletiphatfwa kabi. Tibonelo taloku kufaka ekhatsi kungabi khona kwetimoto tajantji tekutfutsa ngebunyenti, kuswelakala kwekuchudzelana kwangekhatsi kumisebenti yajantji kanye netikhungo lokuholela emisebentini leniketwako lengakatsembeki kanye nalebita kakhulu, titfutsi letimbalwa kanye naletibitako temikhicito tetekulima, takhiwo ncanti letonakele kanye naletingakaneli temigwaco yavelonkhe kanye netakhiwo ncanti yekuchumana lengakalungi. Letintfo leti todvwane tenta tindleko tekulima kulelivekati lase-Afrika tibite ngemazinga lamane ngetulu kunaleto tase-Eshiya, eMelika kanye naseYurophu.

Hulumende unendzima lebalulekile ekubukaneni naletintfo. Kute kube ngunyalo, letinhlelo letilandzelako titawunakwa:

* Kwehliswa kwentsela lokungetiwe kudizili kanye naletinye tintfo
* Tinsita tahulumende tekuhlelwa kabusha kwetakhiwo kunciphisa tindleko tekuphendvukela kumikhikhicito lechudzelanako
* Tinsita tetimali tekulungisa kuncedza balimi labasha kanye nalaba lesevele bakhona kubukana nemiphumela yemazinga lasetulu emali lengetiwe kumali lengenako
* Kubuyeketwa kwetidzingo tetitfutsi tajantji ngenca yalenchubomgomo yekusuka emgwaceni kuyiwa kujantji kutekulima
* Kusetjentiswa kwalombono kanye neNdlela yekutiPhatsa yeBudlelwa Betisebenti kutekuLima? lobhalwe betekulima labahlelekile, tinyonyane tebasebenti kanye neliTiko leTebasebenti, kanye naletingucuko letingetiwe tekwakhiwa kabusha kwemakethe.

TIMO TEKUFUNWA KWEMIKHICITO

Bukhulu, kukhula kanye nekakhiwa kwemakethe yalapha ekhaya kudlala indzima lebalulekile ekwenteni lemboni ichudzelana ngekwemave emhlaba. Kuchudzelana kwalapha ekhaya kubalulekile futsi akukavami kutsi imboni lengachudzelana etimakethe tasekhaya ikhone kuchudzelana naletinye temave emhlaba. Uma solo lizinga lekukhula kwemnotfo lilincane kunaleli lekumele ngabe lingilo, bukhulu bemakethe yaseNingizimu Afrika kanye nalokukhula kwayo kwemnotfo lokuhamba kancane kwemikhicito yekudla kanye neboya kutawukhinyabeta kuchudzelana kutekulima. Ngaloko, kubaluleka kwekutfutfukisa kufunwa kwemikhicito lapha ekhaya, lokufaka ekhatsi kutfutfukiswa kwetimakethe talapha ekhaya kanye nekugcugctelwa kwe-agri-tourism kanye nemabhizinisi asemaphandleni langasiwo ekulima kanye nemisebenti leniketwako.

Ematfuba emakethe avame kungasungulwa ngenca yekuswelakala kwemininingwano. Ikhwalithi, kutfolakala kanye nekubita kwemininingwano yemakethe kukhinyabeta ngalokwecile likhono lekuchudzelana lwabosomabhizinisi labanyenti kuloluchungechunge lwe-agri-food. Ngaphandle kwemininingwano letsembekili kanye neyetikhatsi tonkhe, timakethe letinsha talapha ekhaya titfutfuka ngekuhudvula tinyawo. Kubukana naletihibe letinhlelo letilandzelako titawubukwa:

* Indlela yebuhlakani bebhizinisi yekulima lokwetayelekile kanye nemkhakha we-agribusiness letawuniketa imininingwano lebalulekile etikwetincumo tebhizinisi nekutfutfuka kwemakethe
* Kwentiwa ncono lokuchubekako kwemisebenti yelubalo etikweliTiko leTekulima ngekubambisana nalemboni kanye neTelubalo eNingizimu Afrika (Statistics South Africa)
* Kusungulwa kwemabhizinisi lamasha alapha ekhaya ngendlela yekufaka emaphandleni.

TIMBONI LETIHLOBENE

Kuba khona kwetimboni letisabalalisa imikhicito letinekuchudzelana kwemhlaba jikelele, njengetimboni letikhicitako, imitimba yetetimali, imitimba yeluhlolo, tinkhapani tetitfutsi, batsengisi betintfo tekupaka imikhicito, kanye nebaniketi betintfo letifana nagezi kanye nemanti kunemtselela ekukhoneni kwekuchudzelana kwemkhakha wetekulima.

Kunaka lokungetiwe kwebatsengisi betintfo tekulima kanye nebasabalalisi kanye nekubusa lokungetiwe kwemafemu emave ngemave kungahle kukhinyabete likhono lekuchudzelana lemkhakha wetekulima. Emandla alamafemu nekuswelakala kwekuchudzelana kulomkhakha kungaholela etikwetindleko letisetulu tekukhicita. Ngaloko hulumende utawucaphela tento tekuchudzelana kuletimboni tekukhicita kanye netekusabalalisa, futsi nalapho kudzingeke khona, abuyekete emazinga entsela nobe afake umTsetfo wekuChudzelana.

Tinyatselo tekukhulula lelikhono lekukhula kutekulima lokwetayelekile kusuka kulokutsi emanani ekubita kwekukhicita kwemikhicito yetekulima njengekudla lokutinhlavu kanye netinhlavu temafutsa angeteka ngelizinga lelingaphutfumi kudlula lokubita kwetintfo tekulima ngesikhatsi lesitsite. Umsebenti webakhiciti kutsi bangete kuphumelela kwekukhicita ngekusetjentiswa lokukahle kwalokufakiwe kanye nemacebo ekukhicita. Loku kusho kutsi lokubalulekile ekukhiciteni ngemphumelelo kanye nekuchudzelana lokwentiwe ncono kufihlakele ekutfolakaleni kwetintfo tekukhicita letinelikhono lekuchudzelana lelikhulu kanye nekusetjentiswa kwetheknoloji yekukhicita leyentiwe ncono. Kuphumelela lokungetiwe kufihlakele ekusetjentisweni kwetheknoloji yekukhicita leyentiwe ncono. Luhlolo lwetekulima, lucecesho kanye nemitimba yekukhulisa kubaluleke kakhulu kulomkhakha.

Imitimba yetimali angulolunye luhlangotsi lolubalulekile ekucinisekiseni likhono lekuchudzelana lalomkhakha. Ebalimi labalimela kutsengisa bavame kusitwa mabhange etimali kanye ne-Land Bank. Lemitimba, lokungenani, inekufinyelela lokuncane kanye nemisebenti leyiniketwako kumiphakatsi lehluphekile. Ngetulu kwaloko, linyenti lebalimi labancane bakhishelwa ngaphandle emisebentini leminyeniti yekubolekiswa kwetimali, ngenca yekubonakala kwebungoti lobukhulu, lokufaka ekhatsi, kuswelakala kwembuyiselo. Imizamo yekusungula lokungavala kwembuyiselo itawugcugcutelwa. Kusungulwa kwemitimba yatigodzi kanye nalebolekisa ngalokuncane lekufaka ekhatsi tinhlangano letibolekisa ngetimali kanye nemabhange etigodzi kutawugcugcutelwa.

KUSEBENTA KWETINDLELA TEKUSABALALISA IMIKHICITO

Timo letibusa kutsi emapulazi kanye nema-agribusiness kwakhiwa njani, kuhlelwa futsi kuphatfwa njani kanye nesimo sekuchudzelana kwalapha ekhaya, kunemphumela lomkhulu ekuchudzelaneni kwalomkhakha. Simo lesivakalako sekuchudzelana kulomkhakha ngekusetjentiswa kahle kwenchubomgomo yekuchudzelana, kuphatfwa kahle kwebhizinisi kanye nemakhono kumele kucinisekiswe. Emakhono ekuphatsa ebalimi kanye nemandla emakethe ebatsengi kutintfo letibaluleke kakhulu emphumelelweni yekuchudzelana kwemkhakha we-agro-food. Tindlela tekutsenga setaba tinkhulu futsi tinemandla lamakhulu etikwetinchociswano kanye nekuncuma kubita kwemikhicito lapha ekhaya kanye nakulamanye emave. Balimi ngalemiphumela babese baba esimeni lesikabi ekucocisaneni ngekubita kwemihicito. Kwenta ncono emandla ekucocisana kwebalimi, kubalulekile kwakha bungani kanye nebudlelwano lobudze bekutsemabana emkhatsini webadlali ndzima labahlukenekuletindlela tekusabalalisa imikhicito kanye nekutfutfukisa kuchumana kwetindlela tekusabalalisa imikhicito kuvumela ematfuba ekungeta linani. Tinyatselo titawutsatfwa kugcugcutela kutfutfukiswa bungani bekuchudzelana kwetindlela tekusabalalisa imikhicito ngekhatsi kwemacembu emikhicito lemikhulu.

SIMO LESIVUMELA INCHUBOMGOMO

Kufaka sandla kwahulumende kungaba kuhle nobe kube kubi, kuya ngaletinchubomgomo takhe, tinhlelo kanye netindlela latisebentisako. Lombono ukhona kulamanye emakota emphakatsi wetekulima kutsi letinye tinchubomgomo tahulumende kanye nekuswelakala kwekusetjentiswa kahle kwetinhlelo tahulumende kutihibe etikwelikhono lekuchudzelana etikwetekulima kanye nemboni ye-agro-food. Nanobe imibono ihlukene kubalimi labatsengisako lesevele bakhona kanye nalabatsandza kungena kulomkhakha, kunesivumelwano kutsi kunganeli kanye nekuhlukana kuleminye imisebenti leniketwako, kuphatsa lokungakacini kanye nekutsembeka kanye netincumo letikabi talabaphetse kanye nekwentiwa ngalokungaphutfumi kwetincumo talabaphetse tindzaba letidzinga kunakwa ngekuphutfuma. Hulumende ngaloko utawunika kunaka lokutsite ekwenteni ncono kuwo onkhe emazinga ekuphunyeleliswa kwemisebenti

KUNCISHISWA KWEBUNGOTI

Tekulima ngenchazelo tiyimboni lehlangabetana nebungoti ngendlela yekuntjintja kwesimo selitulu, tinambuzane, tifo kanye nebungoti bekubita kwemikhicito kanye netinhlekelele temvelo njengesomiso kanye netikhukhula. Esimeni saseNingizimu Africa, i-HIV/AIDS, bugebengu, emazinga entalo lasetulu kanye nalagucugucukako, tinhlekelele temvelo, kanye nekubita kwemikhicito lokungakasimame lokubangwa simo selitulu lesingatiwa ngesikhatsi tintfo letibaluleke kakhulu letingeta kubita kanye netihibe telikhono lekuchudzelana ku-agro-food kanye neluchungechunge lweboya.

Licebo lelisebentako lekunciphisa bungoti libalulekile ekutfutfukiseni tinsita tekulawilwa kwebungoti njengemshwalensi wemikhicito yetitjalo, kuvikelwa kwetimphahla kanye nelikusasa lemakethe yetekulima. Lesinye sakhiwo sendlela yekuncishiswa kwebungoti lokuvakalako yindlela yekuluma indlebe kusenesikhatsi lokufaka ekhatsi kufinyelela lokwanele kanye nekusebentisa kwemininingwano tikhatsi tonkhe, leliciniso, lehambisana netekulima kanye nalengakhokhelwa ngesimo selitulu. Nanobe loku kusengakentiwa ngalokwanele, imininingwano lefana nalena itawentiwa kutsi itfolakale ngetikhungo tasemaphandleni temininingwano kuluHlelo lwetekuLima lemiNiningwano yeteNdzawo. Hulumende utawugcugcutela kusetjentiswa ngalokubanti kwaloluhlelo lwemininingwano kulabanye basabalalisi bemininingwano.

Lokuvela kwamadvute kwesifo sematekenya kanye ne-karnal bunt kugcizelele kubaluleka kwekubukana ngemphumelelo netinambuzane, tifo tetilwane kanye netihlahla. Luhlakamsebenti lekuphatsa lelingakaneli kanye neletakhiwo (sibonelo, tibopho letingetekako kumhlaba jikelele, imitfwalo lehlukanisiwe, likhono lelicedvwe emandla ekugoma kanye nekungabi khona kwetakhiwo ncanti), kanye nelikhono lekuhlolwa lokuhlukene kanye nalokungakanelikushiya lomkhakha ungakavikeleki.

Lenchubo yekuhlelwa kabusha kwetihlahla kanye nekulawula ikhwalithi kanye nemisebenti yekugoma sinyatselo sekucala sekubukana nalenkinga. Lenchubo itawuchutjwa ngekuhambelana nenchubomgomo kanye nekubuyeketwa kwemitsetfo yekulawulwa kwetifo tetihlahla talelive kanye netilwane. Ngetulu kwaloko, sivumelwano sekubukana netinkinga letiphutfumako te-SPS kanye netindzaba temphilo yetihlahla netilwane siyentiwa, njengekusungulwa kwemtimba lotimele wekuphepha kwekudla nelikhono lelingetiwe lekulawula lokwentiwe ncono. Ekucaleni kwalesinyatselo sekuhwebelana ngekukhululeka esigodzini se-SADC, iNingizimu Afrika itawuhamba embili ekutfutfukiseni kubambisana kutindzaba teSPS (kwakhiwa kwelikhono, kufananiswa kwemazinga kanye netinchubo, njalonjalo).

Bungoti bekubita kwemikhicito ngenchazelo kuyincenye yemakethe yetekulima lengekho ngaphasi kwahulumende. Kubukana nebungoti bekubita kwemikhicito ngekusebentisa tinsita letahlukahlukene tekulawulwa kwebungoti njengemakethe yakusasa kutawubaluleka kubo bonkhe balimi. Hulumende, ngekubambisana nemkhakha wangasese, utawusekela tinhlelo telucecesho lolujulile kanye netekwatisa kubalimi kubagcugcutela kutsi basebentise tinsita tekulawulwa kwebungoti njengaleti tetimakethe takusasa. Bungoti bemakethe kanye nebekubita kwemikhicito kuyancishiswa ngemininingwano lekahle neyetikhatsi tonkhe. Lapha hulumende, ngelikhono lakhe lendlela yetelubalo, solo unendzima lenkhulu lekumele ayidlale, ngalesikhatsi letinye tinyatselo letifana nalesi lesitsandza kwentiwa sekwakhiwa kweluHlelo lebuHlakani be-Agribusiness nako kutawugcugcutelwa. Lemizamo itawuniketa balimi kanye nema-agribusiness buhlakani lobudzingekako kwenta tincumo letinelwati tebhizinisi futsi kunciphise bungoti bemakethe kanye nebekubita kwemkhicito.

INingizimu Afrika nyalo ayinato tikimu letibukene nekusekekwa kwetekulima kanye nemitimba lesebenta ngalokugcwele lesemtsetfweni kubukana netinhlekelele. Kuloku kwakhiwa kwemitimba lenemandla kusebentisa kulawulwa kwetinhlekelele kanye nekusungulwa kwetikimu letihlangahlangene kubukana netinhlekelele letifana netikhukhula, imililo kanye netomiso kumkhakha wetekulima kuyachubeka. Letikimu tingafaka ekhatsi tikimu tekulinganiswa kwemali lengenako kanye netinhlelo temishwalensi yebungoti letitawakhiwa ngebungani emkhatsini wahulumende, balimi kanye nemafemu angasese emishwalensi,

Kwekugcina, imizamo yalohulumende wanyalo kulawula sifo i-HIV/AIDS, kucedza bugebengu, nekucinisekisa kusimama kwemnotfo eveni lonkhe kutawukhushulwa kunciphisa letinye tintfo letiyingoti kulomkhakha.

KUHWEBELANA NEMHLABA JIKELELE

Kuchudzelana lokungetiwe kubangwa ngulesidzingo sekugcina kufakwa kwalomkhakha kumnotfo wemave ngemave futsi kuboniswa nangulelikhono lekutsengisa imikhicito yawo etimakethe temhlaba. Loku kungafaka sandla ekukhuleni kwemnotfo lokusetulu ngekufinyelela lokungetiwe etimakethe.

Tinyatselo tahulumende kusekela ematfuba ekuhwebelana tibalulekile kodvwa kutawudzinga kutsi alungise kufinyelela lokwadlulele kanye nekuvikelwa kwalelive letekuLima, timakethe kanye netinchociswano tekuhwebelana kulinganisa lenkhundla yekudlalela ilungiselwa tekuLima taseNingizimu Afrika.

TekuLima taseNingizumu Afrika kumele timelane nesimo lesakhiwe lizinga lelikhulako letimali letidluliselwa kutekulima, tintsela letisetulu kanye naletikhulako  kanye nekungaphumeli sobala kwemave latfutfukile. Timakethe kulamave nato takheke ngetihibe letingasito tentsela ngekutifihla lokutsite njengetitjalo leticakile, tindlela temphilo yetilwano kanye netihlahla. Tinyatselo talapha ekhaya kanye nekulawulwa kwemincele ngalokwetayelekile atikaneli kubukana nekulahlwa, kungena kwetintfo ngalokungekho emtsetfweni kanye nekusetjentiswa ngalokwanele kwetinyatselo te-SPS kanye nete-quarantine etikhungweni tekungena. Tinyatselo te-SPS talapha ekhaya kanye nemazinga kuletikhatsi tanyalo akukahambisani nesivinini sekukhula kwetintfo letingena lapha ekhaya kanye naletiphumako, ngalesikhatsi timfuno temboni mayelana netindzaba te-SPS betinganikwa lokunakwa lokufunekako nguHulumende nobe tibambeleleke ngalokubitako.

Lusiko lelicondziswe etikwekuhwebelana alikho kutincenye letimbalwa tetekulima taseNingizimu Afrika kanye nekwakhiwa kwemakhansela ekutfunyelwa kwetintfo ngaphandle ngukhani kucale nyalo. Kutinikela etikwekusekela imikhicito yetekulima letfunyelwa ngaphandle bekuswelakala kusukela kwasuswa sikimu sensita letayelekile nga-1997.

Ngalokudzingekile, indlela yekubuka licela lekufuneka (lekungukutsi, tihibe tekufinyelela kumakethe kanye nekuchudzelana lokungakalungi) kanye nelicela lekusabalalisa (lekungukutsi, kutfutfukiswa kwekutfunyelwa kwemikhicito ngaphandle) kuyadzingeka kute kuvunwe ngalokuphelele letinzuzo temnotfo wekuhwebelana kwemave ngemave. Loku kutawudzinga lolokulandzelako:

* Kubambisana lokuncono emkhatsini wetiphatsi mandla letitsintsekako ku-DTI kanye ne-DOA
* Kubamba lichaza ngalokuyimphumelelo ku-WTO kulungisa lolusekelo loludlulele kanye nalolubandlululako kanye nekuvikeleka kwetekulima temhlaba jikelele
* Tinyatselo tekutfutfukiswa kwekuhwebelana nekuba nebuNingizimu Afrika lokucinile (lokuyi-Proudly South African), emagama emikhicito lanekhwalithi lesetulu kanye nelusekelo lolucondzile kanye nalolunekutinikela kweluchungechunge lwetemikhicito yetekulima (sibonelo, kutfutfukiswa kwemakethe yekutfunyelwa kwemikhicito ngaphandle kanye nekucinisekiswa kwemalimboleko)
* Kucwaningwa kwetindleko netinzuzo kwetivumelwano tekuhwebelana letisesimeni tekwentiwa nobe kucedzelelwa
* Inchubomgomo yentsela lecacako kanye nalelinganako lephetselene nemkhakha wetekulima, kanye nekuncishiswa kwetinchubo letihambelana nentsela
* Kubambisana ngesheya kwemincele, sibonelo, i-SADC kuhloswe ngayo kutfola bunyenti lobubalulekile ekwentweni kwekutfunyelwa kwetimphahla ngaphandle, kusabalaliswa kanye nekumakethwa nobe kunciphisa tindleko teyunithi ngelutjalo mali lolusabalele loluhlobene neluhlolo lolubukene nekuhwebelana
* Kulawulwa ngemphumelelo kwemincele kuvimbela kungena kwemikhicito ngalokungekho emtsetfweni, tento tekungeniswa kwemikhicito ngekukhwabanisa kanye nekusetjentiswa ngalokunganelisi kwetinyatselo te-SPS kanye nete-quarintine kanye nemitsetfo lesisusa. Kubukana naloku, hulumende vele sewucalile ngenchubo yekwenta ncono imisebenti yeluhlolo lwakhe, kungeta tisebenti emagedeni emincele kanye nekuncedza i-SARS ekukhuliseni tinsita tayo taseminceleni. Ngetulu kwaloko, hulumende utawunciphisa kungena kwetimphahla tekulima emagedeni emincele uye elinanini lelilawulekako futsi acinisekise kutsi tonkhe tichunyaniswa ngekwebuciko neNhloko Hhovisi
* Sinyatselo lesingetiwe sekwenta ncono ematfuba ekuhwebelana kunakwa kutawucondziswa ekwenteni ncono kwemandla kanye nekuvisiswa kwetinyatselo te-sanitary kanye ne-phytosanitary. Kuloku hulumende utawusekela umkhankhaso wekubeka phambili tindzaba letihlobene nekuhwebelana kute afake ngekuchumana kanye nekusungula budlelwano netiphatsimandla te-SPS kutimakethe tanyalo letinkhulu letikhona kanye naletingaba khona tekutfunyelwa kwemikhicito ngaphandle kucinisekisa kutsi tinyatselo tisuselwa kusayensi, tihambelana nemazinga emave ngemave nekutsi kubona lokufanako kuyasetjentiswa. Ngetulu kwaloko, hulumende utawubambisana nebalingani be-SADC ngemitimba yemave ngemave yekubeka emazinga ngenjongo yekugcina emazinga lalawulekako kodvwa lasuselwa kusayensi emave ngemave.
* Hulumende utawutfutfukisa kunakwa kwekutfumela imikhicito ngaphandle kanye nekubamba tinchubo ngekhatsi kwemikhakha letsintsekako yekutfunyelwa kwemikhicito ngaphandle kungeta kuchudzelala etimakethe tekutfunyelwa kwemikhicito ngeKhansela yetekuTfunyelwa kwemikhicito ngaphandle kanye nemaCembu etiNyatselo letiFanako.

5.3 Kuphatfwa ngalokugcinekako kwemitfombo

Injongo yaloluhlelo lisu kungeta emandla ebalimi kusebentisa imitfombo ngendlela lesimeme kanye nekucinisekisa kusebentisa ngekuhlakanipha nekuphatfwa kwemitfombo yemvelo. Loku kutawudzinga umcabango wesikhatsi lesidze nembono locacako kanye nekubaluleka lokutawuhola lokusetjentiswa kwanyalo kwemitfombo kucinisekisa kuhlala kwayo sikhatsi lesidze. Loluhlelo lisu lutawuba nemtselela ekunakekelweni kwemhlaba, kwabiwa kabusha kwemhlaba, kusetjentiswa kwemhlaba etindzaweni tasemadolobheni, kongiwa kwetindzawo temhlaba letibucayi, tindlela tekuhlangahlangana kwebhayiloji kanye netemanti.

Enkhabeni yaloluhlelo kunakekela i-biodiversity yetekulima kanye nekutfutfukisa kusetjentiswa kwemhlaba ngalokugcinekako kanye nemanti ngekungetwa kwekukhicitwa kwetitjalo kanye nekwemfuyo ngetindlela leticinisiwe nekulima lokugcinekako. Kubamba lichaza kwebalimi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphumeleleni kwaloluhlelo. Ngetulu kwaloko tinhlela letilungisako kuhlanganisa kuphatfwa kwemitfombo yemvelo kutinhlelo tekusekelwa kunganiketa simo lapho kuphumelela wonkhe wonkhe lokutawuholela tinzuzo temnotfo tesikhatsi lesisedvute kubalimi futsi ngaleso sikhatsi kutawuba kufaka sandla kulombono wesikhatsi lesidze wekonga lesisekelo semtfombo wemvelo.

Konakala kwemhlaba nemanti kuletsa bungoti lobukhulu kulelive. Emacebo adzinga kwentiwa kuncoba letimbangela temonakalo. Imitimba lecinile yemitsetfo yekusekela kanye neluntjintjo lolukhulu kutento tekulima letikhona kutawudzingeka kwenta ncono kusetjentiswa kwemhlaba nemanti. Kungenisa tindlela letikahle tekulima ngetindlela tekuntjintjantjintja letilawulwe kahle kungafaka sandla ngalokukhulu kuloku.

Tinhlelo temhlaba, temanti netekonga titawucondziswa etindzaweni lapho kunelitfuba lelibonakalako lemphumelelo: lapho bunyenti bebantfu busetulu, ematfuba etindleko tebasebenti aphasi, kuvikeleka kwemhlaba kusetulu, itheknoloji yekukhicita ikhona nalapho kunekufinyelela etimakethe, lokufakwako kanye nemisebenti leniketwako. Ngendlela yekutsi kusetjentiswa kwemisebenti yekusekelwa kwetekulima kungafaka sandla ngalokubonakalako kulokusetjentiswa ngalokugcinekako kanye nekuphatfwa kwemitfombo yemvelo

Tinhlelo letinye leticatjwangako kwanyalo kwenta ncono kugcineka ngunati:

* Kusungulwa kwetindlela tekutalisa titjalo letigcina futsi ingete kuhlangahlangana loku-genetic.
* Ku-situ kugcinwa kwetitjalo netimfuyo tetekulima letisengotini kanye naletinye tintfo kutindlela letihambelana netemnotfo tekulima
* Lutjalo mali kutakhiwo ncanti kanye nemisebenti yekusekela kusetjentiswa lokugcinekako kwemhlaba
* Kusungulwa kweluhlelo lwe-biotechnology kusebentela lokuba sesimeni lesikahle kwesikhatsi lesidze kweNingizimu Afrika kanye nebantfu bayo
* Kugcugcutela kukhicita kwetimbali ngetizatfu tetemphilo kanye nemali lengenako
* Kufaka kukhicita kanye nekugcineka ngekhatsi kwembono wendlela yekulima. Loku kusekela tindlela tekulima letingamoshi umoya, kufaka ekhatsi kukhicita lokuhlangahlangene, kulawulwa lokuhlangahlangene kwetitjalo kanye nekulima lokuphilako. Tinhlelo leticondzisiwe kanye nemisebenti kutawusekelwa ngemcondvo lofanako kanye nemigomo yekuphatfwa lokugcinekako kwemitfombo yemvelo.

6. Tinhlelo letilekelelanako

Takhiwo letinyenti taletinhlelo letibalulekile (lokukulinga, kuchudzelana kanye nemitfombo lesimeme) tiyalekelelana futsi titawufaka sandla ekwakhiweni kanye nasekubuyiselweni litsemba kutekulima. Hulumende ubona litsemba libaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwakusasa kwalomkhakha. Ngekufaka loku engcondvweni letinhlelo tekusekela letibalulekile naletiphumelelisako tiboniwe:

* Kubusa lokukahle
* Kutfutfukiswa kwasemaphandleni lokuhlangahlangene kanye nalokugcinekako
* Lwati kanye nekulungiswa
* Kusebentisana nemave emhlaba
* Kuphepha nekuvikeleka

Letinhlelo tibaluleke kakhulu ngoba tiniketa sisekelo lesibalulekile lengaphandle kwaso injongo yeluhlelo lisu leTekulima lokuchudzelanako, lokufaka wonkhe umuntfu kanye nalokugcinekako angeke iphumelele. Letinhlelo titawuniketwa kunakwa lokukhulu futsi nyalo kucociswana ngato ngalokugcwele.

6.1 Kubusa lokukahle

Lomgomo wekubusa lokukahle kungumchumanisi lomkhulu logijima kulo lonkhe loluhlelo lisu. Akukabuki hulumende kuphela kodvwa kubo bonkhe badlali ndzima kulomkhakha. Ngekhatsi kweluhlakamsebenti lwahulumende lwekubusa lokukahle kwakha umkhakha wemphakatsi wetekulima munye, locondziswe kumakhasimende, kanye nalonganatimfihlo utawuba sembili kucinisekisa sisekelo lesivakalako sekufinyelela kulenjongo yeluhlelo lisu.

Sakhiwo lesibalulekile sekubusa lokukahle kutawuba bungani. Kwekucala Hulumende utawusungula luhlakamsebenti lwebungani emkhatsini wemkhakha wahulumende kanye newangasese kanye nema-NGO kuniketa kusebenta kwetakhiwo letibalulekile kuloluhlelo lwemkhakha, lokukulingana, kuchudzelana kanye nekugcineka. Loluhlakamsebenti lutawufaka ekhatsi lolokulandzelako:

* Tivumelwano tekubusa ngekubambisana emkhatsini nasekhatsi kwemikhakha yematiko ahulumende
* Emazinga ekutfulwa kwemisebenti ngenchubomgomo yaHulumende yekutfulwa kwemisebenti yeBatho Pele
* Tivumelwano tebungani emkhatsini waHulumende nemacembu etimphahla kanye netinhlangano tebalimi
* Sigaba ngaleliCebo lelihlanganisiwe leNtfutfuko kohola boHulumende basemaKhaya ngetindzaba letibalulekile letihlobene netekulima
* Tivumelwano tebabambi masheya emkhatsini waHulumende kanye nemitimba yemiphakatsi njengekhansela yaVelonkhe yekuKhangisa kwetekuLima, iKhansela yeluHlolo lwetekuLima, kanye neliBhange lemiHlaba
* Tinhlelo tahulumende tavelonkhe tekwakha emakhono kusekela imitimba yemiphakatsi, bohulumende betifundza kanye nebasemakhaya

Ikhwalithi kanye nemphumelelo yekutfulwa kwemisebenti yaHhulumende ekuphumeleliseni lenjongo yekuba nemkhakha wetekulima lofaka wonkhe umuntfu. Leminye imisebenti kanye netinchubomgomo tahulumende tibalulekile ekwenteni ncono kuchudzelana kulomkhakha.  Tibonelo luhlakamsebenti lelivakalako nalelisebentako nekubusa ngemphumelelo. Ngalesizatfu sivumelwano lesisha sekutfulwa kwemisebenti sitawubhalwa kute singete kuphendvula kanye nekutsembeka kwabo bonkhe baniketi msebenti bahulumende kanye nebangasese kutidzingo tebalimi kanye ne-agribusiness. Kubaluleka kwekukhishwa kwemisebenti nako kutawubukwa. Kungeteka etikwekuphumelela kanye nekuguculeka kutawutfolakala ngekusabalalisa imisebenti, kuniketa bosonkhontileka, kanye nekwabelana ngetindleko. Kunaka lokutsite kuloku kutawunikekwa kulokulandzelako:

* Kukhetsa umtimba wesigodzi lotawutfola lomsebenti losabalalisiwe
* Kubeka sisekelo semtsetfo kanye nesenkhontileka sekwentiwa kwalomsebenti kanye nekuhamba kwetimali
* Kwakha imitsetfo lesemtsetfweni yalomdlalo
* Kulungisa tikhatsi letitayelekile lekutawubukwa kuto talemitimba lenikwe inkhontileka
* Kusungula tinkhomba ndlela tekufaneleka kwenta lomsebenti
* Kusungula tindlela tetinkhontileka letitayelekile kanye nete-procurement
* Kusungula umgomo kutsi loyo naloyo lobambe lichaza kumele afake sandla kulenchubo
* Kuveta imiphumela yekungafaki sandla

Lenye injongo yeluhlelo lekubusa lokukahle kubeka Hulumende njengemngani lonetinchubomgomo letitsembekile, letingagucugucuki, futsi naleticagelekako kanye netinhlelo leticinisekisa kutfulwa kwetinzuzo letinkhulu etikwetekulima. Tinyatselo letitawutsatfwa kuloku tifaka ekhatsi lolokulandzelako:

* Kwenta kabusha i-MinMec kutsi ibe yiKhansela yetiNdvuna teTekulima kuhola imisebenti yahulumende ekuhlangabeteni tinjongo teluhlelo lisu lwemkhakha wetekulima kulelive.
* Kwenta kabusha liKomiti laHulumende etikwetekuLima kutsi libe liKomiti lekuLawulwa kwetekuLima.

Injongo yekugcina yekubusa lokukahle kwakha indlela lehlangene kanye nalehlelekile yekutfola, kulawula kanye nekwabelana kwelwati leTekulima kanye nemininingwano tetakhiwo tahulumende. Tintfo letibaluleke kakhulu kutawufaka ekhatsi kusungulwa kwenkhomba ndlela, luhlaka msebenti lolusemtsetfweni kanye netinchubo tekulawulwa kwelwati kutekulima.

Letivumelwano tekubambisa etikwekubusa kwavelonkhe kutawungenisa, kuletinye tetintfo, luhlakamsebenti lolusemtsetfweni tebudlelwano babohulumende kutekulima; kucacise tindzima kanye nemisebenti emkhatsini kwematiko avelonkhe nawetiFundza eTekulima kanye nabohulumende basemakhaya; kusungule luhlakamsebenti letitawuhola futsi lilawule kwentiwa, kucondziswa, kusetjentiswa, kugadvwa kanye kucwaningwa kwetinchubomgomo kanye netinhlelo; kusungula luhlaka msebenti lelinekubambisana lokuhlangahlangene lwekuhlela luhlelo mali kanye netindleko; kungenisa indlela yekulawulwa kwemininingwano; kungenisa luhlaka msebenti kanye nemasiko kanye nemasu ekutfutfukiswa kwemazinga emitfombo yeluntfu kanye nekusetjentiswa kwawo; kanye nekwenta kwakha kwemakhono emitimba yema-PDA kanye nabohulumende basemakhaya. 

Lesivumelwano sebungani semphakatsi, hulumende kanye nemkhakha wangasese, ngakulolunye luhlangatsi, sitawunaka kutsi loyo naloyo mlingani lotsintsekako uyagcutcutelwa kutsi afake sandla ngalokutsite. Lesivumelwano sitawuphindze sicinisekise kutsi labalingani bayagcugcutelwa kutsi badlale indzima lehamba phambili lapho basesimeni lesikahle khona. Kuze kube ngunyalo, hulumende utawubukana netindzaba temikhicito yemphakatsi kanye nemisebenti yamphakatsi njengetinchubo mgomo, umtsetfo, kulawulwa, takhiwo ncanti temphakatsi kanye nemisebenti. Kulencenye, imboni kanye nebalimi kutawulindzeleka kutsi kufake sandla ekutfutfukisweni kanye nasekuchutjweni kahle kwemabhizinisi abo kanye netinhlangano letibamele kanye nekuveta labakuhlosile kuhulumende. Imisebenti yekubambisana nayo ihlosiwe emkhatsini wahulumende, imboni kanye nebalimi lapho loyo naloyo ange akhone kwenta lomsebenti yedvwane. Letinye tetintfo letifakelwe mehlo kutfutfukiswa kwemtfombo yeluntfu, kuniketwa kwemisebenti yekulula, kwakhiwa kanye nekutfutfukiswa kwetinhlangano tebalimi kanye neluhlolo kanye nekudluliselwa phambili kwetheknoloji

Kwekugcina hulumende usendleleni yekusungula luhlakamsebenti lwemazinga ekutfulwa kwemisebenti, lelitawatiswa kubalingani bakhe bemphakatsi kanye nesive sonkhane. Ngekuya kwenchubomgomo letsi Batho Pele etikwekutfulwa kwemisebenti, injongo yemazinga ekutfulwa kwemisebenti kuphumelelisa balingani bemphakatsi kanye nemphakatsi kutsi bente hulumende atiphendvulele kumisebenti latibophelele kuwo kuniketa futsi nakulamazinga latsenjisiwe ekhwalithi.

6.2 Intfutfuko yasemaphandleni lehlangene kanye nalesimeme

Lenhloso yaloluhlelo lwelicebo lwentfutfuko yasemaphandleni lehlangene kanye nalesimeme (ISRDS) kuntjintja emaphandle aseNingizimu Afrika kutsi abe ngumkhakha lonemnotfo, imiphakatsi lesimeme nalonekutfula lofaka sandla ngalokukhulu ku-GDP yalelive. I-ISRDS itawuba lusito kutekulima kanye nakuwo wonkhe umkhakha wasemaphandleni.

Umbono lolicebo lona luhlelo lisu lelinawo mayelana ne-ISRDS kutfutfukiswa kwaletindzawo letibalulekile kutekulima:

* Kutfutfukiswa kwemnotfo walapha ekhaya ngekunaka lokutsite kumadolobha asemaphandle, tikhungo temisebenti kanye netigodzi
* Kucinisa lizinga kanye nendzima yetekulima kanye netimboni letitsintsekako kutinchubo tekuHlela iNtfutfuko lehlangene ikakhulukati tiphatsi mandla tasemaphandleni
* Kunaka lokukhetsekile kutawuniketwa etikwetindlela tekwenta imali kanye nemisebenti yekutiphilisa kwebafati, lusha kanye nalabakhubatekile lokwentiwe ngenjongo yekuhlangabetana netidzingo talabahlupheli kanye nalokufunwa yimakethe yesigodzi
* Kuhlelwa kwekuhlala emaphandleni kulungisela emaphethini lamasha ekuhlala lagucukako kusukela kwakhishwa imitsetfo yekuhlala yelubandlululo kanye nentsatsakusa yendlela yentsandvo yelinyenti ngemuva kwa-1994

Lusekelo lwahulumende lolucinile kanye nekutinikela ekwenteni loluhlelo lwentfutfuko yasemaphandleni lehlangene (ISRDS) kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwaleicebo lemkhakha. Loluhlelo lisu lutawuzuzisa labahluphekile basemaphandleni bonkhe, kodvwa imizamo letsite itawentiwa kucodzisa kubafati, bantfu labasha kanye nalabakhubatekile. Umkhakha lophumelelako wetekulima utawenta incenye lebalulekile yaloluhlelo lwentfutfuko yasemaphandleni lehlangene kanye nalesikhatsi ukuphambanisa

6.3 Lwati kanye nekulungisa

Umnotfo wemhlaba uyantjintja nyalo uba ngumnottfo welwati kanye nekuchumana. Kulomhlaba, kulungisa lokuvulela indlela kanye nelwati kubalulekile etikwekuchudzelana lokugcinekako kanye nekuba nembuyiselo. Kungenca yalesizatfu kutsi balingani beluhlelo lisu babeka isayensi kanye netheknoloji njengemacebo ekulekelela labalulekile. Injongo lenkhulu yaloluhlelo kungeta emakhono emibono kanye newekulungisa ebadlali ndzima bese akuyamisa loku kutimakethe takusasa.

Loku kumele kuholele etikwelutjalo mali lolungetiwe kanye nekusetjentiswa kwemikhicito lephambili kakhulu kanye neyanyalo letfolakale etikweluhlolo. Ngekusebentisa loluhlelo umkhakha uvuma kusebentisa luhlolo lolutayelekile kanye netinhlelo temfundvo letitsintsekako kutfutfukisa itheknoloji lensha kanye nalebalulekile, (biotechnology, itheknoloji yemininingwano, yekuchumana) kanye nematheknoloji ekungeta kubita lahlukahlukene kutfola kubita kwakusasa. Loku kutawungeta kuchudzelana lokugcinekako kwemikhicito yaseNingizimu Afrika etimakethe temhlaba kuncedze nekuhlangabetana netidzingo leticinile tekuphepha kwekudla letibekwa mave aseNyakatfo.

Sinyatselo lesitawutsatfwa kukhulisa lutjalo mali etikweluhlolo lwetekulima, temfundvo kanye nekukhuliswa kwekufaka sandla kwetekulima ku-Gross National Product lokusezingeni leliphasi lelingu-1,04% kuye kulizinga lemave ngemave lelingu-3% le-GNP yetekulima, lengalinganiswa ne-3.7% yase-USA, 4% e-Australia kanye ne-2.1 e-EU, kute kuhlangabetwane nalenselele kulomkhakha lebekwe nguhulumende kanye netingucuko temave jikele. Kuze kube ngunyalo, kunaka lokutsite kutawuniketwa ku:

* Kutfutfukisa kubambisana emkhatsini we-ARC, imiTimba yemaNyuvesi yeTekulima, emaTiko etiFundza eTekulima, ema-agribusiness kanye naleminye imitimba yeluhlolo leTekulima kutsi ibuke etikwetintfo letibalulekile kuluhlelo lisu, kulungiswa kanye neluhlolo lolugucuka lula.
* Kusungula luHlelo lwaVelonkhe lweluHlolo lwetekuLima kuhlanganisa, kuchumanisa kanye nekucondzisa luhlolo lwetekulima nembono netinhlangano temhlaba jikelele teluhlolo lwetekulima kanye nekululwa kwemisebenti
* Kubuyeketa tisekelo letichasa ngemali kutfutfukisa bungani emkhatsini wemitimba yeluhlolo lwetekulima , manyuvesi kanye nemkhakha wangasese.

Kuleminyaka lendlulile, tindlela teluhlolo lwetekulima eNingizimu Afrika tikhicite imiphumela lemihle nanobe nje beyivuna balimi labalima ngalokunyenti, ngaloko kuba nekukhonona kutsi kuchaswa lolowatiwako kutsi ?tawuphumelela?. Lokwehla kuleminyaka lelishumi kwelutjalo mali lonkhe etikweluhlolo lwetekulima kanye nekutfutfukiswa kwetheknoloji akuhlangabetani nalenselela lebekwe nguMengameli yekutfutfukiswa kwetheknoloji kanye nekubekwa kwalomkhakha emkhatsini njengemholi wemnotfo wasemaphandleni. Hulumende utawungeta lokuchaswa kweluhlolo lwetekulima kugcugcutela kuchudzelana lokuchubekako kanye nebuholi kumininingwano, kuchumana kanye ne-biotechnology lokubalulekile etikwelikusasa leTekulima kwaseNingizimu Afrika.

Letindleko letisetulu tekutfola itheknoloji tingahlulwa ngekubambisana ne-R&D kanye nemboni yetheknoloji. Indzima yebuholi bahulumende kuloku itawufaka ekhatsi:

* Kucinisekisa kutsi imizamo yeluhlolo lwetekulima lwe-ARC, imiTimba yemaNyuvesi yetekuLima, ema-PDA kanye naleminye imitimba yeluhlolo iyahlnganiswa futsi icondziswe kutinhlelo letibalulekile leticondziswe ekuchudzelaneni lokugcinekako. Lenchubo yanyalo yekusungula luHlelo lwaVelonkhe lweluHlolo lwetekuLima litawuba naloku njengetinjongo talo
* Kucinisekisa kutsi imiphumela yetemnotfo, yemphakatsi kanye nendzawo iyabukwa ekusungulweni kwetheknoloji
* Kwenta kucabanga ngekwemtsetfo ngekhatsi kwemiphakatsi yeluhlolo lwetekulima lapho kufanelakile khona
* Kwenta kufinyelela kwemitimba yeluhlolo lwetekulima kumitfombo yetetimali
* Kuniketa lusekelo lwebudlelwano betinkhontileka emkhatsini wemitimba yeluhlolo lwetekulima kanye netinhlangano letimele lemboni, kanye nemitimba yetigodzi kanye neye-agri-cultural yemhlaba jikelele.

6.4 Kubambisana nemhlaba jikelele

Kwetiwa kwemhlaba ube munye kuletse ingucuko kutfolakala kwemniningwano kanye netheknoloji kulungile, kuhamba kwemikhicito, imisebenti kanye nebantfu lokungetekile kuwela imincele, umcebo longetiwe kodvwa nekuchubeka lokubi kwekukhula kwemkhatsi kubantfu labacebile kanye nalabaphuyile.

Kuvela kweNingizimu Afrika njengesitfombe sentsantfo yelinyenti kungete ngalokungakholweki kudzingeka kutsi ibambe lichaza kumaforamu latsite. Letimfuneko tivimbele likhono layo kutsi isebentise ngalokuphelele ematfuba kanye nekuhlangabetana netinselela tekuba ngumdlali wemhlaba etinkhundleni temhlaba. Lokuntjintja lokusheshako ekuphatfweni kwetekulima, luhlolo,kuhwebelana kanye netimo kanye nekukhatsateka ngekuphepha kwekudla kwalapha ekhaya kanye nemhlaba jikelele tizatfu letiphocelela iNingizimu Afrika kutsi ibe sembili kwetintfo letikhinyabeta tekulima. Tinhloso tetfu ekubambisaneni kwemhlaba jikelele kulensimu yetekulima tincunywa tintfo tepolitiki, kuhwebelana, bucwepheshe kanye nelucecesho letibalulekile kusekela loluhlelo lisu lwemkhakha wetekulima.

INingizimu Afrika itsatse indzima yebuholi kuhola tinyatselo leticondze kutfutfukisa lesigodzi se-SADC kanye ne-Afrika yonkhane. Tibonelo letisembili ngulesiVumelwano sekuhwebelana se-SADC, lesiNyatselo se-Afrika lesiNsha kanye netikhundla leisetulu kanye netivumelwano kumitimba yemave lasebentisanako lokuholela emiphumeleni lemihle yentfutfuko kutekulima e-Afrika. Hulumende ubone kubambisama nemhlaba jikelele kanye nemiphumela levumela intfutfuko yetivumelwano temhlaba jikelele njengetintfo letibalulekile esikhatsini lesisemkhatsini, nekutihlela kabusha kute tihlangabetane ngalenkhulu imphumelelo tinselela letifakwa timfuneko letingetekile talaba labatasimela emhlabeni jikelele e-USA, Yurophu kanye naseMpumalanga lekudze.

Timfuneko tekuncedza kwebucwepheshe balapha ekhaya kulensimu yetekulima isuka kulesiNyatselo se-Afrika leNsha, tinyatselo te-SADC kanye nekwenta imihlangano yangababili nemave ase-Afrika. Hulumende, ngekubambisana nalabatsintsekako labahlukahlukene, utawutsatsa buholi kusungula luhlaka msebenti lwekuncedza ngebucwepheshe lokucondziswe kuluhlelo loluphilako kusekela kwakhiwa kwemakhono kanye nentfutfuko kulesigodzi kanye nakulivekati le-Afrika. Kuze kube ngunyalo, Hulumende utawuhlosa kumbambisana nebalingani labangasibo base-Afrika

ENingizimu Afrika, hulumende utawubandzakanya banikela bangaphandle kutsi bakhe luhlelo lwelutjalo mali kusekela intfutfuko yetekulima ngekuhambelana neluhlelo lisu. Ngalesikhatsi luhlolo lwemhlaba jikelele luholele emikhicitweni lemisha yebatsengi, lobukhona lobukhulu bemininingwano kuvuselele kukhatsateka emphatsini kwekuphepha kwekudla, tento temisebenti letikahle, njalo njalo. Kukhatsateka lokungetekako kwebatsengi ngekuphepha kwekudla etimakethe temhlaba kufaka imikhicito yetfu lesiyitfumela ngaphandle engotini futsi kudzinga kungenelela kwahulumende ngelwati, kanye netimphendvulo letiphilako. Kuchumana lokusimeme nemitimba lebeka emazinga emhlaba jikelele, sibonelo. FAO Codex Alimentarius, iNgcungcutsela yemHlaba Jikelele yekuVikelwa kwetiHlahla, iNhlangano yemHlaba Jikelele yetemPhilo yetiLwane (OIE) kanye netingcungcutsela kanye nemibutsana lengatsintsana netekulima njengaleti letifaka tendzawo, ematheknoloji lamasha kanye ne-intellectual property titintfo letibalulekile kuNingizimu Afrika kule-millenium lensha. Hulumende utibophelele kungeta kutibandzakanya nekungeta likhono kanye nemitfombo kuchumana nalemitimba ngendlela lehlelekile kuleminyaka lemitsatfu letako.

6.5 Kuphepha kanye nekuvikeleka

Bugebengu basemakhaya sekunemazinga lamangalisako. Loku kukhinyabeta kusimama kwasemaphandleni, lokutawugcina kuvimbela lutjalo mali kanye nekukhula kwemnotfo etindzaweni tasemaphandleni. Luhlelo loluvisisekako kanye nalolutibophelele luyadzingeka kuvimbela lelizinga lelisetulu lweludlame, bugebengu, kweswelakala kwemphakatsi kanye nekungakhululeki lokugcwele emaphandleni kanye nekugcugcutela timo letikahle tekusebenta, budlelwano babomakhelwane kanye nelitsemba lelikhulile kumiphakatsi letsintsekako. Mayelana neluhlelo lwaloluhlobo letindzaba letibalulekile letilandzelako titawutfola kunakwa lokuphambili esikhatsini lesifushane kanye nalesisemkhatsini:

* Kwakhiwa kwekutfula kwavelonkhe kanye neforamu yekuVikeleka ledvonsa malunga kubo bonkhe labatsintsekako ? kusekela tinyatselo lesevele tikhona ekuvimbeleni ludlame lwasemaphandleni, bugebengu, kusolakala kwemphakatsi kanye nekungakhululeki lokugcwele emaphandleni kanye nekugcugcutela timo letikahle tekusebenta, budlelwano babomakhelwane kanye nelitsemba lelikhulile kumiphakatsi letsintsekako
* Kuvuselelwa kweluhlelo lwebulungisa lwebugebengu kanye nemicimba yekusekela itawubonwa futsi yatiwe njengemcoshi webugebengu
* Kufakwa kwetisebenti te-SAPS kanye nete-SANDF kanye nemacembu lasebenta ngalokungakapheleli nemkhakha loceceshwe ngalokwanele kanye nalonelwati kungeta likhono lalamabutfo kuvimba tento tebugebengu kulelive, ikakhulukati etindzaweni tasemaphandleni
* Tilulu letikhetsekile eluntfu kanye newemali titawunikelwa ku-SAPS kanye ne-SANDF kuphumelelisa lamabutfo kutsi ente umsebenti wawo mayelana nekuvikelwa kwebugebengu kanye nekwentiwa kweluhlelo lwekuphepha kwasemaphandleni. Letimali titawubekwa embili futsi tiniketwe kutsi tisetjentiswe kumisebenti kuvimba kuhlaselwa kwasemapulazini kanye nebugebengu basemakhaya
* Kubaluleka lokumcoka kweliKomiti laVelonkhe lekuChumanisa kwemiSebenti (NOCOC) liKomiti leliBalulekile, njengemtiba lochumanisako kubo bonkhe badlali ndzima kulelihlelo lekuvikelwa kwasemaphandleni, kutawuciniswa yimitfombo lefunekako yeluntfu kanye neyetimali kuyivumela kungenisa leluhlelo lekuvikelwa kwasemaphandleni kanye nekuchumanisa imisebenti emkhatsini webadlali dzima kanye nahulumende.

7. Kusebentisa loluhlelo lisu

Lombono ?wemkhakha lobumbene kanye nalophumelelako wetekulima? udzinga balingani kutsi babe netinhlelo labatentako, tinkhomba tekusebenta lokubalulekile, emazinga ekutfulwa kwemisebenti, tindlela tekucaphela kanye nekulinganisa kanye neluhlaka lwesikhatsi sekuphumelelisa luhlelo lisu loluhlangahlangene. Uphindze udzinge hulumende kutsi ente tintfo ngalokuhlukile ? ngesivinini lesikhulu kanye nekuphutfuma nangebungane nebalimi, agribusiness, ma-NGO kanye nalamanye ematiko ahulumende.

Kuyabonakala kuloluhlaka msebenti lweluhlelo loluvetwe lapha kutsi lelicebo lelentiwako kungeta kubamba lichaza, kuchudzelana kanye nesitfunti sendzawo kulomkhakha wetekulima kudzinga imizamo lehlanganisiwe kucinisekisa loku lokulandzela:

* Kuchumana lokukahle kulemitimba lehlukahlukene lebandzakanyekako ekusetjentisweni kwaloluhlelo, kufaka ekhatsi ngekhatsi nasemkhatsini kwemikhakha yahulumende, yangasese kanye neyemavolontiya
* Kucondvwa kwenjongo kuyo yonkhe lemitimba, kucinisekisa kutsi yonkhe icondze ekuzuzeni tinzozo letifanako, kunetinhloso tetigaba letitsite
* Kwakha emakhono kuwo onkhe emazinga, nasetinhlangotsini letinyenti, kusukela kuloluhlangotsi lwelwati lwetesayensi loluphambili kuya ekubambeni lichaza ngalokukhulu ekusetjentisweni kwalomklamo ebantfwini labasentasi
* Kuhlelwa lokuvakalako kwenchubo yekusetjentiswa kwaloluhlelo kucinisekisa kutsi lomiklamo icalwa futsi icedvwa ngesikhatsi lesikahle, nekuphumelelisa kuchumana emkhatsini wemitimba lehlukene kanye nemiklamo
* Kulandzelaniswa lokukahle kwetinyatselo tekusetjentiswa kwaloluhlelo kanye netinyatselo telusekelo letidzingekako (kwakha emakhono, kwakhiwa kwemitimba, kuhlela, njalo njalo)
* Kucaphela inchubekela phambili kucinisekisa kuphatfwa kahle kwenchubo yekusetjentiswa kweluhlelo. Loku kudzinga kunakwa lokukhetsekile ekuniketeni imininingwano kanye netinhlelo tekulawulwa kwemininingwano kanye nekufaka indlela yekucaphela kanye nekulinganisa

Lisu lekwenta angeke licedzelelwe ngaphandle kwekubamba lichaza ngalokuphelele kwalaba labaniketwe lomtfwalo wekusetjentiswa kwalo. Loluhlelo lisu livulela bungani lobuncunyiwe bemphakatsi, hulumende kanye nemkhakha wangasese kanye nelubito lekusebentisa. Kuze kube ngunyalo, likomiti lelisikhatsi lesigcwele lekuhlanganyela litawubekwa emkhatsini walabatsintsekako lababandzakanyekako kulesinyatselo sekuhlelwa kweluhlelo lisu, lokuliTiko leTekulima, Agri SA kanye ne-NAFU. Imisebenti lebalulekile yalelikomiti itawuba:

* Kuchaza ngalokugcwele tonkhe tinyatselo taloluhlelo letiboniwe. Loku kutawufaka ekhatsi tinyatselo tetento letikhetsekile letihlosiwe, kukhonjiswa kwalaba labanemtfwalo wekutenta, kukhonjiswa kwaleminye imitimba ledzingeka kutsi ibambe lichaza, kukhonjwa kwaleminye imitfombo (yetimali kanye naleminye) kanye nekubekwa kwemathebula etikhatsi tekusetjentiswa kwaloluhlelo.
* Kwakha umtimba wekulawula lonemtfwalo wekusekela lemitimba leniketwe imitfwalo yekusetjentiswa kwalelo nalelo hlelo, nobe lomtimba wemkhakha wahulumende, wangasese nobe wemavolontiya. Lolusekelo lutawuba ngendela lengaphazamisi tinjongo talomtimba lonalomtfwalo.
* Kwakha luhlaka msebenti lwekubika lolusukela kulelicebo lekucaphela kanye nekuhlolwa kwetinhlelo kanye nemiklamo leyenta lelicebo leluhlelo lisu. Lelikomiti letikhatsi tonkhe lekuhlanganyela kumele libike imiphumela yaletento kulaba labatsintsekako ngalokwetayelekile.

TINHLELO LETIBEKWA PHAMBILI

Njengesinyatselo sekucala sekuyisa loluhlelo lisu dvutane nekusetjentiswa kwalo balingani baloluhlelo babone letinhlelo letibekwa phambili letilandzelako:

* Kwentiwa kweluhlelo lekuphepha kanye nekuvikeleka kuletsa kusimama kwasemaphandleni kanye nelitsemba
* Kubusa lokwentiwe ncono kanye nekwentiwa kwebungani kanye netinhlelo tebu-mentorship
* Kuphutfumisa loluhlelo lwekwabiwa kabusha kwemhlaba ngetinjongo tentfutfuko yetekulima (LRAD)
* Kugucula lendlela yekutfutfukisa itheknoloji yetekulima kanye nekuyintjintja kutsi ibukane nemakethe
* Kusungula indlela letfolakala ngalokubanti yemininingwano yemakethe (tindlela temininingwano, emakhono ekucwaninga umnotfo kuleso naleso sifundza)
* Kusungula kanye nekusebentisa indlela lephumelelako yekulawula bungoti (luhlelo lwetemphilo yetitjalo kanye netilwane, tinhlekelele temvelo, kanye neticiniseko temalimboleko)
* Kucinisekisa kuchudzelana lokukahle ? lapha ekhaya kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele
* Kwentiwa kwembono wawonkhe wonkhe wekuguculwa kwetindlela tetisebenti kanye nemhlaba
* Inchubo yekuniketwa kwemandla kuyo yonkhe imikhakha yemkhakha we-agrifood. Kulenchubo tinhlelo te-mentorship tibalulekile futsi titawusungulwa masinyane ngelusekelo lwahulumende loluphelele
* Lutjalo mali loluhlosiwe kungeta kuchudzelana (takhiwo ncanti: manti, gezi, tekuchumana, jantji, emoyeni, imigwaco, imisebenti yemanti, lucecesho, bumekhanikhi)
* Kwehlise lokubita kwekukhicita, kufaka ekhatsi kuncishiswa kwentsela kudizili kanye naletinye tintfo letifakwako

TINCHUBO

Likomiti letikhatsi tonkhe lekuhlanganyela lutawuba nemtfwalo kuvelonkhe wekucaphela inchubekela phambili futsi litawuphumelelisa luhlelo lwekusetjentiswa kwaloluhlelo lisu. Emacembu lasebentako atawubaluleka kulenchubo yekusetjentiswa kwaloluhlelo etifundzeni futsi atawubika kulikomiti lekuhlanganyela. Balingani baloluhlelo lisu kumele babone kutsi imitfombo (yeluntfu kanye neyetimali) kuloyo naloyo mlingani ibopheleleke njani futsi iphatfwa njani kulenchubo yekwentiwa kwetinhlelo kanye nemacebo lahlukahlukene.

Sinyatselo sekucala nalesibaluleke kakhulu kutfula leluhlelo ngalokubanti ngendlela lekungakhonakala ngakhona. Umcondvo kutsi lomculu kumele ufundvwe ngalokubanti nekutsi imininingwano ekusetjentisweni kwaloluhlelo kumele kwabelwane ngayo ngalokwetayelekile nebadlali ndzima. Inchubo yekutfula lelicebo leluhlelo lisu ngaloko selicalile.
