
LiTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko






LUHLAKA LWENCHUBOMGOMO YELULWIMI YAVELONKHE


UmBhalo wekuGcina











13 Novemba 2002


LOKUCUKETFWE

	
	LIVI LEKWANDVULELA LANGCONGCOSHE WELITIKO LETEBUCIKO, EMASIKO, ISAYENSI NE-THEKHINOLOJI

LUHLU LWEMABINTANA							

	SIGABA 1	IMVELAPHI KANYE NENGCIKITSI

	1.1	Singeniso			
1.2 Ingcikitsi lengumlandvo
1.3 Ingcikitsi lesishayamtsetfo

	SIGABA 2	TINCENYE LETIBALULEKILE TALENCHUBOMGOMO
				
	2.1	Tinjongo			
2.2 Imigomo 		
2.3 Indlela yekwenta
2.4 Bubanti
				
SIGABA 3	KWAKHIWA KWEMAKHONO ELUNTFU	
SIGABA 4	EMACEBO EKUSETJENTISWA
LUHLU LWEMATHEMU			


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LIVI LEKWANDVULELA LENDVUNA YELITIKO LETEBUCIKO, EMASIKO, ISAYENSI NETHEKHINOLOJI, DKT B S NGUBANE

Lulwumi lwemuntfu ngetindlela letinyenti ?lisikhumba sesibili?. : intfo leyimvelo yaloyo naloyo muntfu lophile kahle, lesiveta ngayo ematsemba etfu kanye netinjogo, sicacisa imicabango kanye nalokubalulekile kitsi, sifundza lesihlangabetana nako kanye nemasiko, nekwakha umphakatsi wetfu kanye nalemitsetfo lewubusako. Kungenca yelulwimi kutsi siphila njengebantfu kulomhlaba lontjintjantjintja njalo. Lilungelo lekusebentisa tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letitsandvwa ngitsi lemukelwe etikwemGomosisekelo wetfu futsi nemTsetfosisekelo wetfu uyakuvuma kutsi tilwimi tebantfu bakitsi tingumtfombo lekumele uciniswe.

Ngiyatigcabha ngekutsi, ngemuva kwenchubo lejulile yekutsintsana, ekugcineni sesisesimeni sekumemetela luhlaka lwenchubomgomo yelulwimi eNingizimu Afrika. Loku kupheleliswa kwenchubo leyacalwa nga-1995, ngalesikhatsi ngicoka liCembu leliseBenta ngekuHlelwa kweluLwimi (LANGTAG) kutongiluleka ngeluhlaka loluvisisekako lwenchubomgomo yelulwimi kanye nelicebo. Lesinyatselo besidzingeke kakhulu uma kubukwa (a) lokweswelakala kwekubeketelelana ngekuhlangahlangana kwetilwimi nekutsi ?lobulwiminyenti lobuvela lapho buyindlela leyiyinkinga lebita kakhulu? lebonakala kuletinye tincenye temphakatsi wetfu, futsi (b) nalokusolwa lokungapheli kwebantfu labaphetse tetilwimi ngalemvamisa yekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lunye (bulwiminye) eNingizimu Afrika.

Loluhlaka lwenChubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe luncike kulemiphumela yetinchubo tekutsintsana, ne-LANGTAG kanjalo nangemitamo yeliTiko lami ngekubambisana nesiGungu lesingiBonisako ngenChubomgomo yeluLwimi. Loluhlaka lwenchubomgomo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatfweni kahle kwemitfombo lehlangahlangene yetilwimi tetfu kanye nekuphunyeleliswa kwenjongo yahulumende yekutfutfukisa intsandvo yelinyenti, bulungiswa, kulingana kanye nelubumbano lwavelonkhe. Kungalomoya kutsi kutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu-11 telive letfu njengoba tinendzawo kumTsetfosisekelo wetfu titsatsa indzawo lesemkhatsini kulenchubomgomo.

LoluHlaka lweNchubomgomo luphindze lunake leliphuzu lekutsi lizinga letilwimi tetfu lincunywa ngalokukhulu kusetjentiswa kwato kutemnotfo, nakucociswana kanye netepolitiki. Uma lulwimi lulahlekelwa kubaluleka kwalo kulomkhakha lizinga lalolulwimi liyehla. LuHlaka lweNchubomgomo luphindze lunake kutsi sibukene nensalele yekuhlangana kwemhlaba nekutsi tilwimi tetfu tendzabuko kumele tibe yincenye yalendzawo lekhula ngekushesha yethekhinoloji. Ngaloko-ke, luhlose kubuyisa simo kanye nekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko taseNingizimu Afrika.

Ngiyetsemba kutsi tonkhe takhamiti taseNingizimu Afrika titawumukela loluHlaka lwenChubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe njengelwabo. Ngiyetsemba kutsi ngekubambisana kumele sicinisekise kutsi inchubomgomo iba liciniso etimphilweni tetfu, iyasicinisekisa futsi isenta sitigcabhe ngesimilo setfu lesihlukile saseNingizimu Afrika yetfu.



??????????..
DKT B S NGUBANE, LILUNGA LEPHALAMENDE



LUHLU LWEMABINTANA





DAC			LiTiko lweTebuciko nemaSiko
DoE			LiTiko leTemfundvo
HLT			IThekhinoloji yeluLwimi lweBantfu
LANGTAG		Licembu lemSebenti wekuHlelwa kweluLwimi
LiEP			Lulwimi etikweNchubomgomo yetemFundvo
MTEF			Luhlaka lweTintfo letitawudla iMali lwesiKhatsi lesiLingene
NLS			Luphiko lwetiLwimi lwaVelonkhe
PanSALB		LiBhodi letiLwimi taseNingizimu Afrika
SADC			Umphakatsi weNtfutfuko we-Afrika leSentasi
SAQA			Sigungu setiCu eNingizimu Afrika
SASL			Lulwimi lwemaSayini lwaseNingizimu Afrika
TISSA			Umsebenti wekuToliga ngeluCingo seNingizimu Afrika





SIGABA 1: IMVELAPHI KANYE NENGCIKITSI


1.1 Singeniso

1.1 Cishe tilwimi letingu-25 letahlukene tiyakhulunywa eNingizimu Afrika, letingu-11 tato tiniketwe lizinga lekuba semtsetfweni ngekusho kweSigaba 6 semTsetfosisekelo, 1996 (umTsetfo Nombolo. 108 wanga-1996), ngetizatfu tekutsi kusetjentiswa kwato kufaka 98% welinani bantfu leliphelele.

1.2 Letilwimi letingu 11 letisemtsetfweni siNdebele, siChosa, siZulu kanye nesiSwati (lekutsiwa licembu letilwimi tesiNguni); Sisutfu, Sipedi kanye neSitswana (lekutsiwa licembu letilwimi tesiSitfu); siVenda, siTsonga, siNgisi kanye nesiBhunu.

1.3 INingizimu Afrika ilive letilwiminyenti. Inkhomba lehlabako ngebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika nguleliphuzu lekutsi tilwimi tendzabuko letimbalwa tikhulunywa ngesheya kwemincele yetifundza, tisetjentiswa yimiphakatsi lekhulumako yetifundza letihlukile.

1.4 Kwanyalo kunekubonakala lokukhulu kwesidzingo sekucinisa imizamo yekutfutfukisa tilwimi tendzabuko lebetikhishelwe ecadzini ngaphambilini futsi nekutfutukisa bulwiminyenti uma ngabe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika batawukhululwa kulokwetsembela lokwadlulele ekusebentiseni tilwimi letingasito tendzabuko njengetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letibusako tahulumende.

1.5 Kuphatfwa kwekuhlangahlangana ngebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika lengasasiyo yelibandlululo kube yinkhinga ngekuswelakala kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi lechazwe ngalokucacako, lokuholela ekusetjentisweni kwesiNgisi kanye nesiBhunu njengetilwimi letibusako kulemikhakha yetenhlalakahle kanye nepolitiki emphakatsini wetfu.

1.6 Emuva kweminyaka lesiphohlongo yentsandvo yelinyenti, iNingizimu Afrika nyalo seyifike ephuzwini lelibalulekile emlandvweni wayo bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika kumele baphendvule ngekwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi kanye nekwemasiko kanye netinsalela letikumTsetfosisekelo tebulwiminyenti, njengekungeniswa kwaloluHlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe.

1.7 LuHlaka lweNchubomgomo alusunguli kuphela indlela lensha yebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika, kodvwa igcugcutela ngemandla kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko njengetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kute kutsi kuphocelelwe futsi kutfutfukiswe lubumbano lwavelonkhe. Iyakunaka nalokumukeleka lokubanti kwekuhlangahlangana ngebulwiminyenti, bulungiswa bemiphakatsi, lomgomo wekufinyelela ngekulingana kutemisebenti yemphakatsi kanye netinhlelo, kanye nekuhlonipha emalungelo elulwimi.

1.8 Lomculu ubeka sobala luhlaka loluvumako ekwabeni kwetilwiminyenti ngalokulula ngekhatsi kwemincele yemTsetfosisekelo.


1.2	Ingcikitsi lengumlandvo

1.2.1 Kusukelwa ekuhlaleni kwemaDashi eNingizimu Afrika nga-1652, ngekulandzela\na kwetikhatsi tekubusa kwemaNgisi, iNyonyana yaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye nekusungulwa kwembuso welubandlululo kanye neRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika, futsi nentsandvo yelinyenti nga-1994 kanye nalokugunyatwa ngumTsetfosisekelo kwebulwiminyenti lobusemtsetfweni, inchubomgomo yelulwimi yahulumende kanye netiphatsimandla tahluleka kunaka kwehlukahlukana ngebulwiminyenti kwaseNingizimu Afrika. 
1.2.2 Loku kwaholela ekutseni tilwimi tingalingani nekubuswa lapho kubusa kwesiNgisi kanye nesiBhunu kwakha budlelwane lobungalingani emkhatsini waleti tilwimi kanye netilwimi talabamnyama.

1.2.3 Ngaloko, inchubomgomo yelulwimi yemakholoni kanye neyelubandlululo, ndzawonye netinchubomgomo tetepolitiki netinchubomgomo tenhlalakahle, ngako-ke taniketa kukhula kuloluhla lwetilwimi, lokungalingani lapho khana takhiwo tebuhlaka nekungalingani ngesigaba lokukhombisa umphakatsi waseNingizimu Afrika.

1.2.4 Tonkhe leti tento tehlisa lizinga lelisetulu letilwimi tendzabuko kanye netinhlobo titilwimi tebantfu base-Afrika nalamanye emacembu labekabadlululwa kufaka ekhatsi labaNgeva etiNdlebeni nalabangaBoni ? kufaka buntsamo lukhuni lobubi ngetilwimi talabamnyama, lobungakabanjwa tikhulumi tesiNgisi kanye nesiBhunu kuphela, kodvwa naletinyenti tikhulumi tetilwimi talabamnyama ngekwato.

1.2.5 Lesimo siciniswa kutsi tinhlangano tahulumende netangasese tivame kutsatsa tincumo tekusetjentiswa kwelulwimi lokuphikisana nekwentelelwa lokukumtsetfosisekelo kanye netidzingo leticondzene netilwimi ngenca yetizatfu tekungacacelwa kahle kanye netekufuna emandla letilwa nekufakwa kwebulwiminyenti.


1.3	Ingcikitsi yesishayamtsetfo

1.3.1 Sigaba 6 semTsetfosisekelo sentelela luhlaka loluphakeme lolusemtsetfweni lwebulwiminyenti, kutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kanye nekukhutsatwa kwenhlonipho nekubeketelelana kulokuhlangahlangana ngebulwiminyenti kwaseNingizimu Afrika. Sincuma emalungelo elulwimi lwetakhamiti, lekumele ahlonishwe kunchubomgomo yelulwimi yavelonkhe.

1.3.2 LomTsetfosisekelo ugcizelela kutsi tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni kumele tibe nesitfunti lesilinganako futsi aphatfwe ngalokulinganako, lokutawubese kukhulisa lizinga nekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko, nahulumende atsatsa ?tindlela tesishayamtsetfo kanye naletinye kulawula kanye nekucapha simo sekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi tendzabuko letingenamatfuba?

1.3.3 UmTsetfosisekelo uvumela luntjintjo kulesiomo selulwimi kulolonkhe lelive, unikketa kunakwa kutenhlalakahle kanye netepolitiki kulamacembu etilwimi lebekancishwe ematfuba ngaphambilini ngetizatfu ?tetidzingo letivakalisiwe temiphakatsi kanye nemacembu lanenshisekelo?.

1.3.4 Sigaba 6(2) semTsetfosisekelo udzinga tindlela tekwenta tilungiswe kutotfutfukisa letilwimi tendzabuko.

1.3.5 Sigaba 6(3) na (4) ticuketse kuniketelwa lokuhlobene netilwimi kwahulumende wavelonkhe nabohulumende betifundza, lapho khona emaTiko ahulumende kumele asebentise lokungenani letimbili tilwimi letisemtsetfweni.

1.3.6 Kutfutfukisa kuhlangahlangana ngebulwiminyenti ngalokwendlulele, Sigaba 6(5) sivumele kusungulwa kweliBhodi letiLwimi laseNingizimu Afrika (PanSALB) kutotfutfukisa bulwiminyenti futsi libone kutfutfukiswa kungasetjentiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kuphela, kodvwa netilwimi tema-Khoyi, maNama kanye nemaSani, kanye neluLwimi lwemaSayini lwaseNingizimu Afrika. I-PanSALB itawuphindze itjale inhlonipho yetilwimi temlandvo letikhulunywa tincenye temphakatsi wetfu, kanye naletilwimi letisetjentiselwa tinjongo tetenkholo.

1.3.7 Lokunye kuvunyelwa lokuphatselene netindzaba telulwimi kwentiwa kulenye indzawo yemTsetfosisekelo. Sigaba 9(3) uvikela kubandlululwa ngetizatfu telulwimi, ngalesikhatsi tigaba 30 na 31 (1) tikhuluma ngemalungelo ebantfu mayelana nemasiko, inkholo, kanye nekutibandzakanya ngekwelulwimi kanye nekutitsakatisa. Sigaba 35(3) na (4) ukhuluma ngemalungelo elulwimi lwebantfu lababoshiwe, labagciniwe nalabasolwa ngalokutsite, ngekugcizelela ikakhulukati ngelilungelo lekugwetjwa ngalokungabandlululi nengcubo lechutjwa nobe itoligwe ngelulwimi lolutsadvwa nguloyo muntfu.

1.3.8 LiTiko leTemfundvo (DoE) yangenisa ?luLwimi etikweNchubomgomo yemFundvo? (LiEP), legcizelela bulwiminyenti njengekululwa kwekwehlukahlukana ngemasiko futsi nencenye leyinkhaba yekwakha iNingizimu Afrika lengabandlululi ngelibala. Ngalesikhatsi umgomo lokuncikwe kuwo kugcina lulwimi lwebafundzi lwasekhaya etikwekufundza nekufundzisa, kodvwa kukhutsata kutsi bafundze tilwimi letingetiwe futsi. I-LiEP ibukana naletindzaba njengetilwimi tekufundza nekufundzisa etikolweni tahulumende, luhlelotifundvo lwasesikolweni, kanye nemisebenti lehlobene netilwimi temaTiko eTemfundvo etifundza kanye nemitimba lephetse etikolweni.

1.3.9 UmTsetfosisekelo naletinye tishayamtsetfo letihlobene kuyabonakala kutsi tisekela kutfutfukiswa kwebulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika. Loluhlaka lwenchubomgomo limele livumele ngalokwanele kwekuhlanganiswa kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi kuto totintsatfu tigaba tahulumende futsi luvete ngalokucacile kutsi tinchubomgomo timephi ngelizinga nangekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni kuto tonkhe letifundza letiyimfica taseNingizimu Afrika.



SIGABA 2:	TAKHIWO LETIBALULEKILE TALENCHUBOMGOMO


2.1 Tinjongo

Inchubomgomo yelulwimi iyanaka kwentelela kwemTsetfosisekelo etikwebulwiminyenti futsi iyavumelana netinjongo tahulumende etikwetemnotfo, tenhlalakahle kanye nekukhula etikwetemfundvo kute ?

2.1.1 kutfutfukiswe kusetjentiswa ngekulinga kwetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu; 

2.1.2 kwenta kufinyela lokuliganako emisebentini yahulumende, elwatini nasemininingwaneni;

2.1.3 kucisekisa kutsi tilwimi tendzabuko letisemtsetfweni lebetibandluliwe ngaphambilini tiyalungiswa;

2.1.4 kucala nekukonga inkhulumo levakalako ngebulwiminyenti nayo yonkhe imiphakatsi yelulwimi;

2.1.5 kugcugcutela kufundvwa kwaletinye tilwimi tendzabuko letisemtsetfweni kutfutfukisa lubumbano lwavelonkhe, nekuhlangahlangana ngekwetilwimi kanye nekwemasiko; 

2.1.6 kutfutfukisa kuphatfwa kahle kwelulwimi kute kube nekuphatfwa kahle kwetemisebenti yesive kuhlangabetana nalokulindvwe likhasimende kanye netidzingo.


2.2 Imigomosisekelo

Inchubomgomo yelulwimi isuselwa kulemigomosisekelo lelandzelako:

2.2.1 kutibophelela ekutfutfukiseni ekulinganeni kwetilwimi kanye nemalungelo elulwimi njengoba kudzingwa kwabiwa kwentsandvo yelinyeti;

2.2.2 kubona kutsi tilwimi timitfombo yekukhulisa lwati, bucwepheshe nekutibandzakanya ngalokuphelele emikhakheni yetepoliti kanye neyetenhlalakahle;

2.2.3 kusebenta ngebungani bekubambisana kutfutfukisa bulwiminyenti lobuhambelana nemTsetfosisekelo;

2.2.4 kuvimbela kusetjentiswa kwanobe ngabe nguluphi lulwimi ngetinjongo tekuchaphata, tekubusa kanye nekubandlulula, kanye

2.2.5 nekukhulisa kucatjangwa kwebantfu uma kwentiwa tintfo letitsandvwa bantfu, tidzingo kanye netifiso temiphakatsi yelulwimi leminyenti ngekukhulumisana kanye netinkhulumo-mphikiswano letichubekako.


2.3	Indlela yekusetjentiswa

Lendlela yekwenta ibona lolokulandzelako:

2.3.1 Kutfutfukisa bulwiminyenti eNingizimu Afrika kudzinga imizamo lenganciphisi lwati losevele lukhona emiphakatsini lapho tilwimi letisemtsetfweni tendzabuko tibaluleke kakhulu. Loku kutawentiwa ngekusetjentiswa nangekubandzakanywa kwemiphakatsi njengebabambi belichaza etinchubeni tekutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi.

2.3.2 Kubandzakanya bocwepheshe kutsi bancedze kulenchubo yekusungula tinhlelo letisebentako tebulwimin ngekwenta luhlolo kanye nekusakatwa kwalokutfoliwe.

2.3.3 Kwenta lubanjiswano kanye nekwabelana ngemitfwalo emkhatsini wabohulumende labangemalunga e-SADC kutawuphutfumisa kutfutfukiswa kwelulwimi.

2.3.4 Kubamba, emikhatsini levakalako, kubuyeketwa kwenchubomgomo kubuka inchubekela phambili ekubeni uphakatsi wetilwiminyenti waseNingizimu Afrika.

2.3.5 Indlela lencike emiphakatsini ekutfutfukiseni bulwiminyenti ngiye lengaba nemiphumela lemihle, ngenca yebunyenti lobukhulu bemphakatsi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kumele kube khona indlela lendlalekile futsi lebandzakanya wonkhe wonkhe ekuhlelweni kwelulwimi nasekusetjentisweni kwenchubomgomo lecinisa bucwepheshe bebuciko ekundluliseni lwati kanye nemakhono.


2.4	Bubanti balenchubomgomo

Bubanti nobe lokuniketiwe kulenchubomgomo ngunati letilandzelako:

2.4.1	Tonkhe takhiwo tahulumende (hulumende wavelonkhe, wetifundza, kanye newasemakhaya), kanye netinhlangano letisebentisa emandla ahulumende nobe tenta umsebenti wahulumende ngekusho kwemtsetfo, aphocelelwe luHlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi.

2.4.2	Ekutfutfukiseni bulwiminyenti tifundza titawakha tinchubomgomo tato ngekuhambisa naletinkhomba leticukatfwe kuloluhlaka lwenchubomgomo, banaka tenteko tetigodzi tabo, kanye netidzingo nalokunconywa ngumphakatsi njengoba kushiwo kumTsetfosisekelo.

2.4.3	Bohulumende basemakhaya batawuncuma kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi kanye nalokufunwa miphakatsi yabo ngekuhambisana neluhlaka lwenchubomgomo yelulwimi lwetifundza. Ngetulu kwekuncuma kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi kanye nalokufunwa miphakatsi yabo, bohulumende basemakhaya kumele ngekuchumana lokubanti nemiphakatsi yabo kumele, basungule, bakhiphe futsi basebentise inchubomgomo yebulwiminyenti.

2.4.4	Tilwimi letisemtsetfweni njengobe titawusetjentiswa kumisebenti yetishayamtstfo, kufaka ekhatsi imikhicito ye-Hansard, njengendzaba yelilungelo; njengobe kudzingekile uma kungenteka kube netindzaba tesishayamtsetfo tesifundza, tenteko tesifundza titawuncuma tilwimi lekumele tisetjentiswe.

2.4.5	Hulumende utawugcugcutela, lapho kudzingeke khona asekele, emabhizinisi angasese kusungula nekusebentisa inchubomgomo yelulwimi yabo ngekuvumelana neluHlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe.

2.4.6	Kutfutfukisa bulwiminyenti lenchubomgomo kuncuma kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi etakhiweni tahulumende ngalokulandzelako:

2.4.6.1 Tilwimi letisebentako/tilwimi tekubhala: Ngekuvumelana, leso naleso sakhiwo sahulumende kumele sivumelana ngelu(ti)lwimi lolusebentako (ngetinjongo tekuchumana ngaphakatsi kwematiko kanye nekuchumana nalanye ematiko); uma kungukutsi lapho kungakhonakala khona, tute umuntfu lotawuvinjelwa kusebentisa lulwimi lolufunwa nguye. Ngetinjongo tekubamba imihlangano nobe kwenta imisebenti lekhetsekile, yonkhe imizamo kumele yentiwe kusebentisa tinsita tekwenta lulwimi lube lula njengekuhusha nobe kutoliga (ngekulandzelana nangeskhatsi sinye, sikhatsi sinye, nobe kutoliga ngekuhleba) lapho kungakhonakala ngalokubonakalako.

2.4.6.2. Kuchumana nemalunga emphakatsi: ngetinjongo tekubhalelana ngalokusemtsetfweni, lulwimi lelitsandvwa sakhamiti kumele lisetjentiswe. Konkhe kuchumana ngemlomo kumele kuchubeke ngelulwimi kwenteke ngelulwimi lolitsandvwa ngulabantfu lelicondziswe kubo. Uma kudzingekile, yonkhe imizamo kumele yentiwe kusebentisa tinsita tekwenta lulwimi lube lula njengekutoliga (ngekulandzelana, ngasikhatsi sinye, lucingo nobe kutoliga lokuhletjiwe) lapho kungakhonakala khona.

2.4.6.2 Imibhalo yahulumende: Luhlelo lwemibhalo lwebulwiminyenti lolusebentako kumele lilandzelwe ematiko ahulumende wavelonkhe kulemibhalo lengadzingi kutsi ikhishwe kuto tonkhe tilwimi letiyi 11 letisemtsetfweni. 

2.4.6.3 Lapho kusebenta lokunemiphumela nalokusimeme kwahulumende kunobe ngabe ngusiphi sigaba kudzinga kuchumana lokuvisisekako kwemniningwano, kumele kukhishwe ngato tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letingu-11 futsi, etifundzeni, ngetilwimi letisemtsetfweni letiniketiwe esifundzeni.

2.4.6.4 Lapho imiculu yahulumende ingeke yentiwa kutsi itfolakale kuto tonkhe toyi 11 tilwimi letisemtsetfweni, ematiko ahulumende avelonkhe kumele ashicelele imiculu sikhatsi sinye lokungenani ngetilwimi letisitfupha. Kukhetfwa kwetilwimi kutawentiwa ngalokulandzelako:

* Lokungenani linye kulelicembu lebaNguni (siNdebele, siChosa, siZulu kanye nesiSwati);
* Lokungenani linye kulelicembu lebaSutfu (Sipedi, Sisutfu, Sitswana);
* SiVenda;
* Sitsonga
* SiNgisi; kanye
* SiBhunu.

2.4.6.5 Umgomo wekujikeleta kumele usetjentiswe uma kukhetfwa tilwimi tekukhipha imiculu yahulumende kuletilwimi tebeNguni kanye netesiSutfu.

2.4.6.6 Kuchumana nemhlaba jikelele: Kuchumana kwahulumende nemhlaba jikelele kutawuvama kuba siNgisi nobe ngalokungakavami kwentiwe ngelulwimi lolukhetfwe ngulelive lekuchunywana nalo.


SIGABA 3: KWAKHA EMAKHONO ELUNTFU


3.1	Kusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi kutawungeta kufuneka kwekuhumusha nekuhlela umsebenti kanye nemisebenti yekutoliga, ikakhulukati tukwe tilwimi tendzabuko. Indzikimba yelwati lwekuhumusha kuletilwimi kutawufuneka ilulelwe ematikweni ahulumende futsi nakumkhakha wangasese, njengebasebenti belulwimi labatimele, bahumushi, bahleli kanye nebatoligi kumele batfutfukiswe. Lesidzingo lesingetiwe semisebenti yetisebenti telulwimi letingubocwepheshe kutawudzinga kuceceshwa kwemakhono lokungetiwe.

3.2	Kusungulwa kwemayunitsi elulwimi kulelo nalelo litiko lahulumende wavelonkhe kanye nakuleso naleso sifundza kutawuba nemtselela etintfweni letentiwa luPhiko lwetiLwimi lwaVelonkhe (NLS). I-NLS itawudzingeka kutsi ichumanise kuphatfwa kwekusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo ngekwenta lula kuceceshwa kwelicembu lesitafu selulwimi emisebentini yekuhlelwa kwelulwimi nekwesekela tinhlelo temisebenti talamacembu. I-NLS itawuphindza ibe nemtfwalo wekuchumanisa kusungula tinhlelo tekuceceshwa kwebahumushi, bahleli kanye nebatoligi, kanye nekusungula tinkhomba letisebentako etindzabeni tekhwalithi.

3.3	Tindzawo tetheminografi netheminoloji nato kanjalo titawutsintseka. Lomsebenti longetiwe wekuhumusha utawudzinga kusungulwa lokuphutfumako kwetheminoloji kuletilwimi letisemtsetfweni kanye netelibhange-lemathemu laVelonkhe lelitfolwa kalula kuhulumende nakubasebenti betilwimi labatimele.

3.4	kutfolakala kwekusetjentiswa kwethekhinoloji yelulwimi lwebantfu (HLT) (sibonelo. Kuhumusha lokuncedvwa ngemshini, tinkhumbulo tekuhumusha, tihloli tipelingi) kuletilwimi tendzabuko kutawudlala indzima lenkhulu emisebentini yekwentiwa lula kwelulwimi. 

3.5 Bukhulu lobukhetsiwe bemagumbi etilwimi butawuncunywa nekuceceshelwa emakhono kulendzawo kutawubekwa phambili emva kwesibalo setilwimi letisemtsetfweni lekumele tisetjentiswe setincunyiwe. Emagumbi lacuketse sitafu sabochwepheshe labane nobe ngetulu atawudzingo bomabhalane.

3.6 Kwakhiwa kwemakhono etindzaweni letiboniwe tekwentiwa lula kwelulwimi kutawenteka ngekubambisana lokunamatselene nebaniketi balomsebenti njengetakhiwo temfundvo lephakeme letiniketa tinhlelo letamukelwa yi-SAQA kanye nemakhozi ekusebenta ngelulwimi, kuhumusha, kuhlela, kutoliga, kuhlela lulwimi, itheminografi kanye neleksikhografi.





SIGABA 4: EMACEBO EKUSETJENTISWA


4.1	Sigaba lesichubekako ekusebentiseni lenchubomgomo esikhatsini lesifishane, lesilingene kanye nasesikhatsini lesidze yindlela lencomekako kuto tonkhe tigaba.

4.2 Mayelana nemibhalo yahulumende, kwentiwa kwayo kutawubekwa ngendlela lentjintjeka kalula kanye nalephatsekako imitimba yahulumende esikhatsini lesingaba lokungenani iminyaka lemitsatfu. Lokuhle ngalokwentiwa kancane kancane kwalomtimba wemisebenti kutsi ematiko angakhona kutfutfukisa lwati ngalokwengetiwe futsi aphatse lendlela yekwenta ngemphumelelo lenkhulu.

4.3 Imitimba yahulumende itawuba nesikhatsi sekuhlela tinhlelomali ngekungeta kancane kancane kuniketwa kwemali esikhatsini se-MTEF nemisebenti yekuhlela ngekuhambisana netinsita letidzingekako ekusebentiseni ngemphumelelo kwenchubomgomo.

4.4	Tindlela tekugadza kucinisekisa ikhwalithi yekuhumusha kanye nemisebenti yekuhlela titawusungulwa.

4.5	Ngekubambisana ne-PanSALB, liTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko litawugadza inchubekela phambili bese liyabika emikhatsini lebekiwe kuto tonkhe tigungu letitsintsekile.

4.6	Kubuyeketwa kwenchubomgomo kutawentiwa ngenjwayelo futsi nalokunconywako kutawushiwo kute kuchitjiyelwe lapho kudzingeke khona kute tinhlelo mali tilungiswe ngalokufanele.

4.7	Takhiwonchanti letidzingekako kusebentisa lenchubomgomo titawakhiwa. Loku kutawufaka ekhatsi kusungulwa kwemagumbi elulwimi kuwo onkhe ematiko avelonkhe kanye nasetifundzeni ekuphatsa ?
* kuchumana ngemlomo kwangekhatsi etikwematiko kanye nekuchumana nalamanye ematiko kuyo yonkhe imikhakha yahulumende;
* kuchumana ngekubhalelana ngekhatsi etikwemaTiko kanye nekuchumana nalamanye ematiko kuyo yonkhe imikhakha yahulumende;
* kuchumana ngemlomo nemphakatsi;
* kuchumana ngekubhalelana nemphakatsi kanye ne
* kuchumana nemhlaba jikelele lapho kufuneka khona

4.8	Letinye tindlela tekusebentisa inchubomgomo letitawusetjentiswa kutawuba yiNdlela yekutiPhatsa yeluLwimi yebaSebenti baHulumende, kusungulwa kwemKhandlu webaSebenti beluLwimi waseNingizimu Afrika, tetemiSebenti yekuToliga ngeluCingo eNingizimu Afrika (TISSA), licebo lekutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi lebetibandlululiwe ngaphambilini kanye neHLT.

4.8.1	Imitfwalo leyengetiwe yahulumende mayelana nekusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo yelulwimi yavelonkhe ingalokulandzelako:
* kwesekela kutfutfukiswa kwemitfombolusito yeluntfu ekusetjentisweni ngemphumelelo kwebulwiminyenti.
* kuphatsa lomsebenti wekwentiwa lula kwelulwimi, lokukuhumusha, kutoliga kanye nekusungulwa kwetheminoloji, ngentfutfuko kanye netishayamtsetfo letifanelekile.
* kwesekela bulungiswa lobukhetsekile nobe tinhlelo tetilwimi tendzabuko lebetibandlululiwe, lokungukutsi, Tilwimi talabamnyama kanye netilwimi temaKhoyi, maSani kanye nemaNama, kanye nelulwimi lwetandla lwaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye neku
* kwesekela kufundvwa nekufundziswa kwato tonkhe Tilwimi talabamnyama letisemtsetfweni eNingizimu kuwo onkhe emazinga esikolo.





LUHLU LWEMATHEMU

bulwimimbili
Injwayelo yekusebentisa tilwimi letimbili (akusho kutisebentisa ngekulingana totimbili).
kutfutfukiswa kwelulwimi
Kutfutfukiswa kwelulwimi ngekuwalinganisa, kuwetayetisa kanye nekukhutsata kutsi lulwimi lusetjentiswe emsakatweni, kutemfundvo, emtsetfweni nasetinhlelweni tekuphatsa, njalo njalo, futsi nekuniketa jikelele bubanti bekushicelelwa kwemsebenti wemibhalo kulelo lulwimi.
kuhlela
Umsebenti wekulungisa emaphutsa kanye/nobe indlela yemiculu lebhaliwe.
kulingana
Lizinga lekulingana, kungakhetsi; kusebentisa ngekulingana; lokukahle nalokulungile.
bulwiminyenti lobusebentako
Kushiwo lulwimi nobe tilwimi letitsite endzaweni letsite, lobuncunywe ingcikitsi yelulwimi lolusetjentiswako, umsebenti, balaleli kanye nemlayeto londluliswako.
TiLwimi teNdzabuko
Tilwimi letingesito tendzabuko yelive kodvwa tilwimi letiletfwe bahambi.
tilwimi lebetincishwe ematfuba ngekwemlandvo
Kungcikitsi yaseNingizimu Afrika, kunetilwimi lebetinganakwa ngemacembu lanemandla akudzala futsi ke ngenca yaloko betingasetjentiswa nobe tisetjentiswe kumsakato, kutemfundvo (emva kwesikolo semfundvo lephasi), nobe esiveni nobe emnotfweni. Letilwimi betingasekelwa ngalutfo. Tifaka ekhatsi tilwimi tendzabuko, tilwimi temafa kanye nelulwimi lwemasayini.
ithekhinoloji yelulwimi lwebantfu
Kusetjentiswa kwelwati lwetilwimi ekutfutfukisweni kwetinhlelo tangcondvomshini letingabona, tivisise, tihumushe futsi tikhiphe lulwimi lweluntfu ngato tonkhe tindlela; njengekutfutfukiswa kwetisetjentiswa letenta kutsi kukhonakale kutsi bantfu basebentisane nangcondvomshini.
lulwimi lwendzabuko
Indzabuko yelulwini lwelive. 
kutoliga
Sento sekundlulisa inkhulumo kulelinye lulwimi iyiswe kulolunye lulwimi.
kucaphela ngekwelulwimi
Kucaphela kutsi lulwimi lusetjentiswa njani esiveni, kutsi basebentisi belulwini bayawati yini emalungelo elulwimi, nekutsi lulwimi lusetjentiswa njani ngehlomisa nobe ekwehliseni luntfu.
kulingana kwetilwimi
NgekwemTsetfosisekelo, tonkhe tilwimi kumele tihlonishwe ngalokufanako. Kuphatfwa ngekufana kwetilwimi letimbili nobe ngetulu, ikakhulukati ngekuya ngemkhambatsi njengesishayamtsetfo, tebulungiswa, kuphatfwa kanye nekucondziswa kwemphakatsi.
kulinganiswa kwetilwimi
Kuphakelwa ngetilwimi lokulinganako futsi/nobe kuphatfwa kwetilwimi letimbili nobe ngetulu. Tintfo letifana nelinani lebakhulumi kanye nesimo selulwimi singenta kutsi inchubomgomo incume lapho kungasetjentiswa khona lulwimi lolutsite. Lokusetjentiswa angeke kulingane. ?(A) umbuso angeke usebentise ngemphumelelo tilwimi tato tonkhe takhamiti futsi ungahle utibophelele ngekusebentisa lulwimi nobe tilwimi tawo letisemtsetfweni, nobe tilwimi letitsite, ngandlela tsite? (Turi, 1993:14?-?15).
kuhlelwa kwelulwimi
Kuhlelwa kwetilwimi kubukene netimphendvulo tetinkinga tetilwimi ngekutfola letinye tindlela kanye nemiphumela. Kufaka ekhatsi tinchubo tekucondzisa kanye nekwenta kancono tilwimi ngekutfutfukisa tilwimi.
inchubomgomo yelulwimi
Sincumo lesisemtsetfweni sesimo setilwimi letehlukene letikhulunywako emiphakatsini, sibonelo, nguluphi lulwimi lolutawuba lulwimi lwesive nobe lulwimi lolusemtsetfweni, ngutiphi tilwimi letitawusetjentiswa egodzini kantsi time kuphi.
emalungelo elulwimi
Imitsetfo lencuma timo lapho takhamiti tingatikhetsela khona tilwimi.
emagumbi elulwimi
Titfunywa tahulumende ematikweni nasetifundzeni kubukana netindzaba tetilwimi talelo litiko nesifundza letisukela kuNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe futsi titsintsane nematiko ngaletiphatselene netilwimi.
kubhalwa kwetichazamagama
Umsebenti wekubhalwa kwetichazamagama.
tindlela tekuhumusha ngemishini
Tinhlelo tangcondvomshini letihumusha imiculu ye-elekhroniki kusuka elulwimini kuye kulolunye.
lulwimi lolunganakwa
Nobe nguluphi lulwimi lolungasetjentiswa ngalokusemtsetfweni nobe lolucekelwako ekusetjentisweni etindzaweni letisetulu (sib. kutemfundvo kutekwelashwa). ?Kunganakwa? phasi esikhatsini lesinyenti kusho kuba phasi kwelulwimi futsi kungenteka nebantfu bakhona. Sibonelo, siTsonga, siVenda, siNdebele nesiSwati titsatfwa njengetilwimi letiphasi eNingizimu Afrika.
lulwimi lwekufundza
Lulwimi lwekufundzisa ekilasini njengobe lukhonjisiwe kukharikhulamu nakunchubomgomo yelulwimi. ?Lulwimi lwekufundza? lufaka kancane umcondvo wekutsi kungasetjentiswa tilwimi letinyenti futsi nebafundzi bangafundza lolunye lulwimi ngaphandle kwelulwimi lolusemtsetfweni.
bulwiminyenti
Kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letintsatfu nobe ngetulu ngumuntfu munye nobe licembu lebantfu njengebantfu besigodzi lesitsite nobe sive. 
lulwimi lolusemtsetfweni
Lulwimi lolusetjentiswa kuhulumende, enkantolo yemacala, kutemabhizinisi, kutemfundvo nakumsakato.
kuhumusha
Sento sekuguculela umculu kulolunye lulwimi ubhalwe ngalolunye.
itheminoloji
Kwemukelwa kwemathemu lathekhnikhali lamiselwe sifundvo lesitsite.


(22337 ? A-MB - 2002-11-13)

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Luhlaka lweNchubomgomo yeluLwimi yaVelonkhe - 2002

