

JUSTICE COLLEGE
LIKOLISHI LETEBULUNGISWA





INCHAZELO LEMFISHANE YEKUSEBENTA KWEMTSETFO WEKWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA LIFA (NGAPHANDLE KWEWILI)


Ibhalwe ngu			:	M M Meyer
Lusuku			:	Meyi 2005


LiKolishi leTebulungiswa, Sakaposi X659, Pitoli, 0001

Ayikho incenye yalamanotsi lokumele ishicilelwe kabusha nobe ingcivitwe nganobe nguluphi luhlobo nobe nganobe ngayiphi indlela ngaphandle kwemvume ledzingekile lebhaliwe


Umculu wemaNotsi aMastela Nombolo 9



KWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA

LITHEBULA LALOKUCUKETFWE
			
Incenye/Indzima	Sihloko					Likhasi

1.	SINGENISO									1

2.	TINCHAZELO LETISISEKELO

2.1	Lifa lelidliwa yintalelwane-ngco (stirpes)
2.2	Lifa lelidliwa situkulu
2.3	INcenye yeMntfwana
2.4	Emazinga ebuhlobo

3.	IMITSETFOMGOMO YEKWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA

3.1	Umtsetfomgomo 1: uma kunemlingani nobe balingani, kepha kungenabantfwana
3.2	Umtsetfomgomo 2: uma kungenamlingani, kepha kunebantfwana
3.3	Umtsetfomgomo 3: uma kunemlingani nobe balingani, kanye nebantfwana
3.4	Umtsetfomgomo 4: uma kungenamlingani nobe bantfwana, kepha kunebatali bobabili labaphilako
3.5	Umtsetfomgomo 5: uma kungenamlingani nobe bantfwana, kepha kunemtali munye lophilako, abe lomtali loshonile ashiye bantfwana
3.6	Umtsetfomgomo 6: uma kungenamlingani nobe bantfwana, kepha kunemtali munye lophilako, abe lomtali loshonile angakashiyi bantfwana
3.7	Umtsetfomgomo 7: uma kungenamlingani, bantfwana nobe batali ? kepha bobabili batali bashiye bantfwana
3.8	Umtsetfomgomo 8: uma kungenamlingani, bantfwana nobe batali ? kepha munye webatali ashiye bantfwana
3.9	Umtsetfomgomo 9: uma kungenamlingani, bantfwana nobe batali ? futsi bobabili batali bangakashiyi bantfwana
3.10	Uma tingekho tindlalifa tekwabelwa lifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba

4.	KWABIWA NGEKWEKUYALELA KWEMTSETFO

KWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA

1.	SINGENISO

Kwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba eNingizimu Afrika kwenganyelwe nguMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba Nombolo 81 wanga-1987 lowacala kusebenta ngamhlaka 18 Mashi 1988 futsi losebenta ebantfwini labashone ngaphandle kwekubhala tincwadzi tekwaba (ngalokuphelele nobe ngekwencenye) ngalolo suku nobe ngemuva kwalo.

	Umtsetfo wekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba uphawula tindlalifa temphahla yemufi ngaphasi kwaletimo letilandzelako:

a)	Uma umufi ehlulekile kuhlahla indlela yekutsi ngabe imphahla yakhe kumele yabiwe njani ngekubhala incwadzi yekwaba nobe sivumelwano lesendvulela umshado; nobe

b)	Uma kungaphumeleleki kutsi kulandzelwe intsandvo yemufi ngobe labo lokumele bazuze, kwenta sibonelo, bangakwati kudla lifa, nobe bangafuni kwamukela lifa nobe bashone ngaphambilini.

	Kuyenteka kutsi umuntfu ashone ngaphandle kwekutsi abhale incwadzi yekwaba ngalokuphelele nobe ngekwencenye. Sibonelo saloku kwekugcina ngukutsi lowo lowaba lifa abe lifa lakhe ngalokucacile macondzana nencenye yinye yemphahla yakhe ngencwadzi yekwaba leyemukelekako, kepha ayekelele kwaba insalela. Uma kwenteka ngalendlela leyo ncenye leyabiwe ngekwencwadzi yekwaba itawabiwa ngekulandzela futsi ngaphasi kwemibandzela lecuketfwe kulencwadzi yekwaba, bese kutsi lensalela yemphahla yabiwe ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba.

	Ngembi kwesincumo lesitsetfwe ecaleni laBhe and Others v Magistrate Khayelitsha and Others, liCala Nombolo 49/03, lokusincumo lesetfulwe yiNkantolo yeMtsetfosisekelo ngamhlaka 15 Okthoba 2004, imitsetfomgomo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba beyingasebenti macondzana nebantfu labamnyama labashone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba futsi labebashade ngekwemtsetfo wendzabuko. Sincumo selicala laBhe nyalo sesikuguculile loku, kantsi kungunyalo emafa abo bonkhe bantfu, kungakakhatsaleki kutsi ngabe baluphi luhlanga nobe lisiko, labashone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, atawulawulwa ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba njengobe yendlalwe kuMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba, Nombolo 81 wanga-1987.

2.	TINCHAZELO LETISISEKELO

	Ngembi kwekwandza kabanti ngemitsetfomgomo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba kubalulekile kutsi sinikete tinchazelo temicondvo letsite lesisekelo sekuvisisa lemitsetfomgomo.

2.1	Lifa lelidliwa yintalelwane-ngco (stirpes)
	Ngekwenhloso yetinchazelo letitawulandzela, intalelwane-ngco (stirpes) isho umntfwana lophilako wemufi kanye nemntfwana lowashona ngaphambilini loshiye bantfwana. Umntfwana lowashona ngaphambilini wemufi lonemntfwana munye nobe ngetulu labaphilako baba yintalelwane-ngco yinye.

	Sibonelo:

	Kulesibonelo lesilandzelako umufi bekanetintalelwane-ngco letintsatfu, lokungu-A, C na-D.

	E = umufi
	S = umlingani lophilako
	A, B na-D = bantfwana labashone ngaphambilini
	C = umntfwana
	F, G na-H = batukulu

	C wenta intalelwane-ngco ngobe ungumntfwana lophilako wemufi, kantsi A na-D benta intalelwane-ngco ngobe bashiye bantfwana labaphilako. B akakashiyi umntfwana, ngaloko-ke akesiyo intalelwane-ngco.

2.2	Lifa lelidliwa situkulu

	Kudliwa kwelifa situkulu, uma kufanelekile nalapho kuphumeleleka, kwenteka uma indzawo yendlalifa lengakwati nobe lengafuni kudla lifa, itsatfwa ngumunye nobe ngetulu webantfwana baleyo ndlalifa.

	Sibonelo:

	E = umufi
	S = umlingani lophilako
	C = umntfwana loshone ngaphambilini
	A na-B = bantfwana
	D na-F = batukulu

	Kulesibonelo lesingenhla, D na-F batawumela umntfwana wemufi loshone ngaphambilini, C, ngaphasi kwembandzela wekutsi akukho lokubavimbelako kutsi bangadla lifa lemufi.

2.3	INcenye yeMntfwana

	Ngekulandzela sigaba 1(1)(4)(f) seMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba, wanga-1987, njengobe uchitjiyelwe ngekulandzela sincumo selicala laBhe, incenye yemntfwana ibalwa ngekwehlukanisa linani lemali lemphahla ngelinani lelilingana linani letintalelwane-ngco temufi (lokusho kutsi linani lebantfwana bemufi labasaphila nobe labashona ngaphambilini kepha labashiye bantfwana) bese kuhlanganiswa nelinani lebalingani labaphilako bemufi. Loku kungaboniswa ngalendlela lelandzelako:

	Asitsi linani lemali lemphahla yemufi lingu-R500 000 kantsi yena ushiye bantfwana labatsatfu (3) kanye nebafati labashade ngekwemtsetfo wendzabuko lababili (2). Kubalwa kwencenye yemntfwana kutawuba ngalendlela: R500 000 ? 5 (3 tintalelwane-ngco + 2 balingani) = R100 000. Ngaloko-ke incenye yemntfwana itawuba ngu-R100 000.

2.4	Emazinga ebuhlobo

	Ngekulandzela sigaba 1(1)(4)(d) seMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba emazinga ebuhlobo emkhatsini kwetihlobo tengati temufi kanye nemufi angehlukaniswa emacenjini lamabili, lokulizinga lebudlelwano ngemzila locondze-ngco kanye nelizinga lemzila lotungeletako.

	Emzileni locondze-ngco, lizinga lebuhlobo lilingana nelinani letitukulwane emkhatsini kwabokhokho kanye nemufi nobe bantfwana kanye nemufi (kuye ngekutsi ngusiphi simo).

	Sibonelo:

	Batali nebantfwana bemufi bobabili bahlobene nemufi ngekwelizinga lekucala



	Bogogo nabomkhulu kanye nebatukulu bahlobene nemufi ngekwelizinga lesibili
	Bogogo nabomkhulu

	Batali

	Umufi

	Bantfwana

	Batukulu
 
	Emzileni lotungeletako, lizinga lebuhlobo lilingana nelinani letitukulwane emkhatsini kwetihlobo tengati kanye nakhokho logabancako losedvutane, kwengetwe nelinani letitukulwane emkhatsini kwalowo khokho nemufi.

	Sibonelo:

	C na-D = bogogo nabomkhulu labashone ngaphambilini
	A na-B = batali labashone ngaphambilini
	E = umufi
	S = umlingani loshone ngaphambilini
F na-G = bomalume nabobabe labancane nalabakhulu/bodzadze wabobabe nabomake labancane nalabakhulu
H na-I = bomzala nebantfwana babobabe labancane nalabakhulu nebabomake labancane nalabakhulu
J = bantfwana babomzala nebebantfwana babobabe labancane nalabakhulu nebabomake labancane nalabakhulu

	C na-D, bogogo nabomkhulu labashone ngaphambilini, bangubokhokho labagabancako labasedvutane labatihlobo ta-J na-E (umufi). Ngaloko-ke J uhlobene nemufi ngekwelizinga lesihlanu.

3.	IMITSETFOMGOMO YEKWABIWA KWELIFA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YEKWABA

	Kwabiwa kwemphahla ngekulandzela uMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba Nombolo 81 wanga-1987 kungafinyetwa ngaphasi kwemitsetfomgomo leyimfica.

3.1	Umtsetfomgomo 1: uma kunemlingani nobe balingani, kepha kungenabantfwana

	Uma umufi ashiya umlingani nobe balingani, kepha kungenabantfwana ? lowo mlingani nobe labo balingani ngibo bodvwa tindlalifa. Uma kwenteka kutsi umufi bekayindvodza lebeyinebafati labangetulu kwamunye, labo balingani labaphilako batawudla imphahla yelifa ngetabelo letilinganako. Umtsetfomgomo 1 ungachazwa ngaletibonelo letilandzelako:

	Sibonelo A:

	Uma umufi bekangumlingani emshadweni webantfu lababili kuphela (kunemlingani munye kuphela) futsi angakashiyi bantfwana:


	E = umufi:	S = umlingani:	A = babe:	B = make:
	C = umnakabo mufi

	Umlingani lophilako nguye kuphela indlalifa ngekwekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, kungakhatsaleki kutsi ngabe linani lemphahla lingakanani.

	Uma labo bebashadile bebashade ngendlela yekuhlanganisa imphahla yabo, lomlingani lophilako utawutfola ihhafu yemphahla ngekwesizatfu sekutsi lomshado bewuhlanganise imphahla bese utfola lena lenye ihhafu ngekulandzela sigaba 1(1)(a) seMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987.

	Uma labo bebashadile bebashade ngendlela yekwehlukanisa imphahla yabo, lomlingani lophilako utawutfola yonkhe imphahla ngekulandzela sigaba 1(1)(a) seMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987.

	Sibonelo B:

	Uma umufi bekangumlingani emshadweni webantfu labangetulu kwalababili (kunebafati labashadwe ngekwemshado wendzabuko labangetulu kwamunye) futsi angakashiyi bantfwana:


	A na-B = batali bemufi;	E = umufi:	C na-D = bafati bemufi labashadwe ngekwemshado wendzabuko.

	Ngekulandzela sigaba 1(1)(a) seMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987, njengobe sichitjiyelwe yiNkantolo yeMtsetfosisekelo ecaleni laBhe and Others v Magistrate Khayelitsha and Others, labafati lababili bemufi (C na-D) batawudla imphahla yelifa ngetabelo letilinganako, futsi alikho nobe nguliphi lelinye lilunga lelusendvo lelitawuba nesabelo. Uma kwenteka kutsi umufi ashiye bafati labashade ngekwemshado wemtsetfo wendzabuko labangetulu kwalababili futsi angashiyi bantfwana, ngaloko-ke bonkhe labafati batawudla imphahla yelifa ngetabelo letilinganako. 


3.2	Umtsetfomgomo 2: uma kungenamlingani, kepha kunebantfwana

	Uma umufi angashiyi umlingani kepha ashiya bantfwana ? labantfwana badla lifa ngekwentalelwane-ngco kantsi nekudliwa kwelifa titukulu kuvumelekile.

	Sibonelo:

	A na-B = batali
	X = umufi
	C = umlingani loshone ngaphambilini
E = umntfwana loshone ngaphambilini
D na-F = bantfwana
J na-K = batukulu

	Bantfwana bemufi, D, E na-F batawudla imphahla ngetabelo letilinganako. Ngenca yekutsi E ushone ngaphambilini, bantfwana bakhe, J na-K, batawungena endzaweni yakhe njengetitukulu badle lifa lesabelo sakhe ngetabelo letilinganako.

	Caphela loku lokulandzelako:

	Bonkhe bantfwana bemufi banelilungelo lekudla lifa. Akwenti umehluko kutsi ngabe babelekwa ngekwemshado wesilungu, ngekwemshado wendzabuko, bekusiswa nobe babelekwa ngephandle kwemshado.

	Ngekulandzela sigaba 1(2) seMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba kubelekelwa ngephandle kwemshado akukutsintsi kufaneleka kwesihlobo sengati kutsi singadla imphahla yelifa lalesinye sihlobo sengati.

3.3	Umtsetfomgomo 3: uma kunemlingani nobe balingani, kanye nebantfwana

	Uma umufi ashiya umlingani nobe balingani kanye nebantfwana ? lomlingani nobe labalingani ngamunye udla lifa lalokukhulu emkhatsini kwa-R125 000 nesabelo semntfwana, kantsi labantfwana batawutfola insalela, uma ikhona, ngekwentalelwane-ngco kantsi nekudliwa kwelifa titukulu kuvumelekile.


	Sibonelo:

	A na-B = batali
	C = umnakabo mufi
      E = umufi
	S = umlingani lophilako
D = umntfwana loshone ngaphambilini
F na-G = bantfwana
H na-I = batukulu

	Caphela loku lokulandzelako:

1.	Uma linani lemphahla lingaphasi kwa-R125 000, umlingani lophilako, kulesibonelo lesingenhla, (S), utawudla yonkhe imphahla, futsi akukho bantfwana nobe nguliphi lelinye lilunga lelusendvo lelitawuba nesabelo.

2.	Uma umufi bekuyindvodza lebeyinebafati labangetulu kwamunye futsi ishiya ngetulu kwamunye webalingani labaphilako, libe linani lemphahla lingaphasi kwa-R125 000 labo balingani labaphilako batawudla insalela yemphahla lokumele yabiwe ngekulingana emkhatsini kwabo, futsi akukho bantfwana nobe nguliphi lelinye lilunga lelusendvo lelitawuba nesabelo.

3.	Uma insalela yemphahla lokumele yabiwe ingetulu kwa-R125 000, umlingani lophilako utawudla lifa lelingu-R125 000 nobe sabelo semntfwana, kuye ngekutsi ngukuphi lokukhulu, bese lensalela yabelwa bantfwana bemufi ngekwentalelwane-ngco kantsi nekudliwa kwelifa titukulu kuvumelekile. Uma kusetjentiswa kulesibonelo lesingenhla, kutawusho kutsi F, G na-D batawudla insalela. Ngenca yekutsi D ushone ngaphambilini, sabelo sakhe sitawudliwa bantfwana bakhe, H na-I ngetabelo letilinganako. Uma D bekangakashiyi bantfwana, kusho kutsi sabelo sakhe besitawehlukaniswa emkhatsini walabantfwana labanye bemufi, lokungu-F na-G.

4.	Uma insalela yemphahla lokumele yabiwe ingetulu kwa-R125 000, futsi umufi abe ashiya balingani labaphilako labangetulu kwamunye (kusebenta kuphela uma umufi bekayindvodza lebeyinebafati labangetulu kwamunye ngaphasi kwemshado wemtsetfo wendzabuko), lowo nalowo mlingani utawuba nelilungelo lekudla lifa lelisabelo semntfwana nobe R125 000 kuye ngekutsi ngukuphi lokukhulu, ngembi kwekutsi nobe nguyiphi insalela yehlukaniselwe bantfwana bemufi.

5.	Khumbula kutsi uma labo bebashadile bebashade ngendlela yekuhlanganisa imphahla yabo, lomlingani lophilako utawutfola ihhafu yemphahla ngekwesizatfu sekutsi lomshado bewuhlanganise imphahla bese utfola lena lenye ihhafu ngekulandzela sigaba 1(1)(a) seMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987.

6.	Bantfu labashade ngaphasi kwemitsetfo yetinkholo temaSulumani nemaHindu kumele batsatfwe njengalabashadile futsi banelilungelo lekudla lifa lebalingani babo labashonile ngekulandzela uMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba. Lomtsetfomgomo usebenta kuphela uma lowo mshado bewusemkhatsini kwebantfu lababili kuphela. Futsi banelilungelo lekufaka sicelo sesondlo kumlingani wabo loshonile. Buka Daniels v Campbell NO & Others 2004 (5) SA 331 (CC).

7.	Uma umufi ashona ngaphandle kwekutsi abhale incwadzi yekwaba ngalokuphelele nobe ngekwencenye, linani lelitfolwa ngumlingani lophilako ngekulandzela incwadzi yekwaba alinakwa uma kubalwa linani lokumele labiwe ngobe lingakebiwa ngekwencwadzi yekwaba leliniketwa umlingani lophilako ngekulandzela uMtsetfo Nombolo 81 wanga-1987 ? In re MacGillivray?s Will 1943 WLD 29 ekhasini 40.

3.4	Umtsetfomgomo 4: uma kungenamlingani nobe bantfwana, kepha kunebatali bobabili labaphilako

	Uma umufi angashiyi umlingani nobe bantfwana kepha ashiya bobabili batali labasaphila ? labatali batawudla lemphahla yelifa ngetabelo letilinganako.


	Sibonelo:

	A na-B = batali bemufi;	C  = umnakabo mufi;	E = umufi;
	S = umlingani wemufi loshone ngaphambilini	

	Kulesibonelo lesingenhla, A na-B, lokubatali bemufi, batawudla imphahla yelifa ngetabelo letilinganako, futsi akukho lesinye sihlobo semufi lesitawuba nesabelo.

	Caphela kutsi akwenti umehluko kutsi labatali bemufi bashadile, behlukanisile nobe abakaze bashade.

	Ngekwetinhloso tekudla lifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, batali bemufi kusho batali bakhe mbamba-mbamba ngekwenyama (ngaphandle uma umufi bekasisiwe wase utsatfwa ngulowo muntfu njengemntfwana wakhe kepha kungesibo batali mbamba-mbamba ngekwenyama) kanye nebatali bakhe bekusisa. Caphela kutsi uma umufi bekasisiwe kusho kutsi batali bakhe mbamba-mbamba ngekwenyama abasatsatfwa njengebatali bakhe.

	Batali bekungena lomunye umtali kanye nebatali bekukhulisa abatsatfwa njengebatali ngekwetinhloso tekudla lifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba.

3.5	Umtsetfomgomo 5: uma kungenamlingani nobe bantfwana, kepha kunemtali munye lophilako, abe lomtali loshonile ashiye bantfwana

	Uma umufi angashiyi umlingani nobe bantfwana, kepha ashiya munye umtali, kube lomtali loshonile ashiye bantfwana ? umtali lophilako utawudla ihhafu yinye yelifa, bese labantfwana balomtali loshonile badle lehhafu lenye yelifa.


	Sibonelo:

	A = umtali wemufi lophilako;	B = umtali wemufi loshone ngaphambilini;	C  = umnakabo mufi;	D = umnakabo mufi/dzadzewabo mufi ngemtali;	E = umufi;	S = umlingani wemufi loshone ngaphambilini

	Kulesibonelo, A longumtali wemufi lophilako utawudla ihhafu yensalela yelifa lokumele yabiwe, kantsi umnakabo mufi, C kanye nemnakabo mufi/nadzadzewabo mufi ngemtali D, batawudla lehhafu lenye ngetabelo letilinganako. C na-D badla lehhafu yesabelo lebesitawudliwa ngulomtali loshonile uma ngabe bekaphila.

3.6	Umtsetfomgomo 6: uma kungenamlingani nobe bantfwana, kepha kunemtali munye lophilako, abe lomtali loshonile angakashiyi bantfwana

	Uma umufi angashiyi umlingani nobe bantfwana kepha ashiye umtali munye, kube lomtali loshonile angakashiyi labanye bantfwana ? lomtali lophilako nguye yedvwa indlalifa.


	Sibonelo:

	A = umtali
	B = umtali loshone ngaphambilini
      E = umufi
S = umlingani loshone ngaphambilini

	Kulesibonelo A, longumtali lophilako wemufi, nguye yedvwa indlalifa.

3.7	Umtsetfomgomo 7: uma kungenamlingani, bantfwana nobe batali ? kepha bobabili batali bashiye bantfwana

	Uma umufi angashiyi umlingani nobe bantfwana nobe batali, kube bobabili batali bashiye bantfwana ? bantfwana balabatali labashone ngaphambilini batawudla emahhafu etabelo lebetitawudliwa ngulabatali bobabili.


	Sibonelo:

	A na-B = batali labashone ngaphambilini
	C = umnakabo mufi ngalokugcwele
      D = umnakabo mufi ngemtali
      E = umufi
S = umlingani loshone ngaphambilini

	Ngenca yekutsi umufi akakashiyi umlingani, bantfwana nobe batali, lemphahla yehlukana ibe ngemahhafu lababili ? ihhafu ?yamake? nehhafu ?yababe?. Ihhafu yesabelo salowo nalowo mtali itawabelwa bantfwana bakhe. Kulesibonelo lesingenhla sabelo sa-A sitawabelwa C lokunguye kuphela umntfwana wakhe lophilako, kantsi sabelo sa-B sitawabelwa C na-D ngetabelo letilinganako. Ngaloko-ke C utawudla lifa la-A na-B, kantsi D utawudla lifa la-B kuphela.

3.8	Umtsetfomgomo 8: uma kungenamlingani, bantfwana nobe batali ? kepha munye webatali ashiye bantfwana

	Uma umufi angashiyi umlingani, nobe bantfwana nobe batali, kepha munye webatali bakhe labashone ngaphambilini abe ashiye bantfwana ? labantfwana balomtali loshiye bantfwana ngibo bodvwa tindlalifa.



	Sibonelo:

	A na-B = batali labashone ngaphambilini
      D = umnakabo mufi ngemtali
      E = umufi
S = umlingani loshone ngaphambilini

	Kulesibonelo lesingenhla bobabili batali bashonile kantsi munye kuphela kulabatali, lokungu-B, ushiye umntfwana. D, longumnakabo mufi ngemtali utawudla yonkhe lemphahla yelifa.

3.9	Umtsetfomgomo 9: uma kungenamlingani, bantfwana nobe batali ? futsi bobabili batali bangakashiyi bantfwana

	Uma umufi angakashiyi umlingani nobe bantfwana nobe batali nobe bantfwana bebatali ? sihlobo lesisedvute sengati ngiso lesidla lifa.



	Sibonelo:

	C na-D = bogogo nabomkhulu labashone ngaphambilini
	A na-B = batali labashone ngaphambilini
	E = umufi
	S = umlingani loshone ngaphambilini
F = malume/babe lomncane nobe lomkhulu
G = mzala/umntfwana wababe lomncane nobe lomkhulu
J = umntfwana wamzala/umntfwana wemntfwana wababe lomncane nobe lomkhulu

	Kulesibonelo lesingenhla, F, longumalume/babe lomncane nobe lomkhulu wemufi, nguye sihlobo lesisedvute sengati, ngobe ahlobene nemufi ngekwelizinga lesitsatfu, kantsi ngaloko-ke utawudla lonkhe lifa lokumele labiwe. G uhlobene na-E ngekwelizinga lesine kantsi H uhlobene na-E ngekwelizinga lesihlangu. Bobabili bo-G na-H angeke badle lutfo elifeni la-E.

3.10	Uma tingekho tindlalifa tekwabelwa lifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba

	Umuntfu kungenteka ashone ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba futsi angashiyi muntfu longakwati kutsi angadla lifa lakhe. Ngekwemtsetfo wetfu jikelele, uma kwenteka njalo uMbuso udla yonkhe imphahla yelifa ngesizatfu sekungabi namuntfu longayidla leyo mphahla (bona vacantia). Loludzaba nyalo selulawulwa tigaba 35(13) na-92 teMtsetfo wekuPhatfwa kwetiMphahla teLifa Nombolo 66 wanga-1965. Inchubo ngukutsi uma leto tindlalifa tekwabelwa lifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba tingatiwa nobe uma vele tingekho leto tindlalifa tekwabelwa lifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, umphatsi wemphahla yelifa utsengisa konkhe lokukuleyo mphahla kube ngukheshe bese ngemuva kwekukhokhela tonkhe tikweledu, afake insalela esiKhwameni seMengameli webaNtfwana netiNdlalifa. Uma kungekho lokwatiko kuletsa bufakazi bekutsi unesabelo kulemali njengendlalifa yemufi yekwabelwa lifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, emva kwekuphela kweminyaka lengu-30 ngemuva kwekufakwa kwaleyo mali esiKhwameni seMengameli webaNtfwana netiNdlalifa, leyo mali iba yimphahla yembuso.

	Njalo-nje ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi Mabhalane loMkhulu weNkantolo lePhakeme ushicilela imininingwane lemayelana nemali yetimphahla temafa ekwabelwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba lefakwe esiKhwameni seMengameli webaNtfwana netiNdlalifa emCulwini waHulumende kuze kutsi labo bantfu labanenshisekelo bakwati kufaka ticelo njengetindlalifa tabomufi labatsintsekako tekwabelwa emafa ngaphandle kwetincwadzi tekwaba.

4.	KWABIWA NGEKWEKUYALELA KWEMTSETFO

	Tigaba 1(6) na-1(7) tangeniswa kuMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa ngaphandle kweNcwadzi yeKwaba Nombolo 81 wanga-1987 ngekweMtsetfo wekuChibiyela uMtsetfo weKwabiwa kweLifa Nombolo 43 wanga-1992, kantsi tacala kusebenta ngamhlaka 1 Okthoba 1992.


	Sigaba 1(6) sitsi: ?Uma umntfwana wemufi, lokungafaki ekhatsi umntfwana losemncane nobe umntfwana longakaphili kahle engcondvweni, ngekuhlanganyela nemlingani lophilako wemufi, banelilungelo lekuzuza ngaphasi kwemphahla yelifa lekwabelwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, encaba lilungelo lekwemukela leyo nzuzo, leyo nzuzo itawuba ngeyemlingani lophilako.?

	Caphela loku lokulandzelako:

	a)	Lowo lozuzako kumele abe ngumntfwana wemufi;

b)	Lowo lozuzako lofisa kwencaba lilungelo lakhe lekwemukela inzuzo akumelanga abe ngumntfwana losemncane nobe abe ngumuntfu longakaphili kahle engcondvweni.

c)	Lowo lozuzako kanye nemlingani lophilako kumele bobaili babe banelilungelo lekuzuza ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba.

d)	Umlingani lophilako utawemukela lifa lalowo lokumele azuze lowencabako.

	Siboniso sesigaba 1(6)


	Umufi (Deceased)			Umlingani lophilako (lowo lokumele 
      azuze) (R125 000)
      R25 000 (ibuya kumntfwana)
      [Surviving spouse (beneficiary)
      (R125 000)
      R25 000 (from descendant)]



	Umntfwana (Descendant)		Umntfwana ? wencaba inzuzo ya-
      R25 000
      Inzuzo itawuya kumlingani lophilako 
      (Descendant ? Renounces benefit of
      R25 000
      Benefit will accrue to the surviving
      spouse)

	Sigaba 1(7) sitsi: ?Uma umuntfu angakafaneleki kutsi angaba yindlalifa yemufi yelifa lekwabelwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, nobe uma encaba lilungelo lakhe lekuba nguleyo ndlalifa, nobe nguyiphi inzuzo lebekatayitfola uma ngabe bekungesiko kungafaneleki nobe uma ngabe bekangencabanga lelo lungelo lakhe, ngaphasi kwemibandzela yesigatjana (6), itawabiwa sengatsi uvele washona masinyane ngembi kwekufa kwemufi bese, uma kungasebenta, kube sengatsi bekungekho kungafaneleki kwakhe.?

	Caphela loku lokulandzelako:

a)	Lowo lozuzako akapheleli kuphela ekubeni ngumntfwana wemufi;

b)	Lowo lozuzako kumele abe angakafaneleki nobe kumele encabe lilungelo lakhe lekwemukela inzuzo lebekatayitfola ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba.

c)	Uma lowo lozuzako angakafaneleki nobe encaba lilungelo lakhe lekwemukela inzuzo, utsatfwa njengaloshonele umufi ngaphambilini, kantsi umutfu lolandzelako emzileni utawudla lifa lekwabiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba, ngaphandle uma timiso tesigatjana (6) tisebenta.


	Siboniso sesigaba 1(7)

(a)	Akukho umlingani lowemukela inzuzo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba. Lowo lozuzako, akafaneleki nobe wencaba inzuzo, ashiye bantfwana

      Umufi (Deceased)			Umlingani loshone ngaphambilini
      (Predeceased spouse)



			Umntfwana wemufi ? lowo lokumele azuze (R50 000)
      Uyencaba, nobe akafaneleki
      - sabelo sakhe sitawuya ebantfwaneni bakhe 
			[Child of deceased ? beneficiary (R50 000)
      Renounces, or disqualified
      - his/her share will accrue to his/her descendants]


	Umntfwana wemufi (R50 000)
(Lowo lokumele azuze)
[Child of deceased (R50 000)
(beneficiary)]	



(b)	Umlingani lophilako ungumzuzi kanye nalowo lokumele azuze longakafaneleki nobe lowencabe inzuzo ngekulandzela imitsetfomgomo yekwabiwa kwelifa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yekwaba.

	Umufi (Deceased)			Umlingani lophilako (lowo lokumele 
      azuze) (R125 000)
      R25 000 (ibuya kumntfwana)
      [Surviving spouse (beneficiary)
      (R125 000)
      R25 000 (from descendant)]

			Umntfwana wemufi ? lowo lokumele azuze (R25 000)
      - lowo lokumele azuze uyencaba
- sabelo sakhe sitawuya kumlingani lophilako nanobe lomntfwana ashiya bantfwana 
			[Child of deceased ? beneficiary (R25 000)
      - beneficiary renounces
- his/her share will accrue to surviving spouse even though he/she has descendants]

	Umntfwana wemufi (R25 000)
(Lowo lokumele azuze)
[Child of deceased (R25 000)
(beneficiary)]	




M M Meyer
LiKolishi leTebulungiswa
28.05.2005

