
SEHLUKO 2

KUBAMBA UMUNTFU

LOKUCUKETFWE
KUBAMBA UMUNTFU

2.
Luhlelo lwesifundvo
2.1
Tinjongo
2.2
Yini inhloso yekubamba umuntfu?
2.3
Ubanjwa njani umuntfu
2.4
Emalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe
2.5
Kucindzeteleka kwemalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe
2.6
Kusetjentiswa kwemandla ngesikhatsi kubanjwa umuntfu
2.6.1
Imitsetfo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla 
ngesikhatsi kubanjwa umuntfu
2.6.2
Tintfo lokufanele uticaphele 
uma usebentisa emandla nawumbamba
2.6.3
Ngemuva kwekusetjentiswa kwemandla  
tinkantolo kungenteka tihlolisise tintfo letine
2.7
Kunini lapho khona emaphoyisa angadubula umsolwa lobalekako
2.8
Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kusesha umuntfu lobanjiwe
2.9
Ividiyo uma kubanjwa umuntfu
2.10
Sibutsetelo/Imibuto
2.11
Emathransparensi
2.12
Iphosta lekhombisa emalungelo alababanjiwe
2.13
Imitfombo yekufundza kanye netincwadzi 
letinconywa kutsi tingafundvwa


KUBAMBA UMUNTFU
				130 EMAMINITSI
				LUHLELO LWESIFUNDVO








Lokucuketfwe	
2.1 Tinjongo

2.2 Yini inhloso yekubamba umuntfu?

2.3 Ubanjwa njani umuntfu

2.4 Emalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe

2.5 Kucindzeteleka kwemalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe

2.6 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla ngesikhatsi kubanjwa umuntfu

2.6.1 Imitsetfo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla kubamba umuntfu
2.6.2 Tintfo lokufanele uticaphele uma usebentisa emandla kubamba umuntfu
2.6.3 Ngemuva kwekusetjentiswa kwemandla kubamba umuntfu tinkantolo kungenteka tihlolisise tintfo letine
2.7 Kunini lapho khona emaphoyisa angadubula umsolwa lobalekako?
2.8 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kusesha umuntfu lobanjiwe
2.9 Ividiyo uma kubanjwa umuntfu
2.10 Sibutsetelo/Imibuto
Lokutawentiwa
Umsebenti 2.1 Fundza tinjongo

Umsebenti 2.2 Emacembu ekubhunga

Umsebenti 2.3 Kucocisana

Umsebenti 2.4 Kucocisana

Umsebenti 2.5 Emacembu ekubhunga


Umsebenti 2.6 Kucocisana















Umsebenti 2.7 Kucocisana

Umsebenti 2.8 Ividiyo

Umsebenti 2.9 Imibuto/Kucocisana




Sikhatsi
2 emaminitsi


10 emaminitsi


45 emaminitsi


20 emaminitsi


15 emaminitsi



10 emaminitsi















                
15 emaminitsi


10 emaminitsi


3 emaminitsi

 



2.1 TINJONGO
Ngemuva kwekucedza lesehluko umfundzi ufanele kutsi akwati kubonisa kuvisisa nekuhlonipha ?
(Lilungelo lenkhululeko kanye nekuphepha kwemuntfu;
(Emalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe ngekweMtsetfosisekelo;
(Tinchubo letingito tekubamba umuntfu; kanye
(Indlela levumeleke ngekwemtsetfo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla kubamba umuntfu
Ngekucocisana emacenjini kanye nemacembu ekubhunga ndzawonye

2.2 SIYINI SIZATFU  SEKUBAMBA UMUNTFU
Kubamba umuntfu yindlela lesemtsetfweni yekwenta kube nesiciniseko sekutsi umbekwacala uta enkantolo. Umuntfu lobanjiwe usuke angenalo licala kute kube kutsi 
kucinisekiswa kutsi liyamudla licala. Ngalesizatfu wonkhe umuntfu

Emanotsi emfundzisi
Kunemaphosta lakhona lamayelana nemalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe. Lephosta ayinanyatseliswe elubondzeni ngaphambi kwekucala lesifundvo.

Umsebenti 2.1
2 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Indima 2.1

Tinjongo 
Sizatfu sekwenta lomsebenti kwetfula tinjongo talesifundvo.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
? Fundzela bafundzi letinjongo
? Babute kutsi bayativisisa yini letinjongo
? Chaza, uma kudzingeka



lobanjiwe ufanele kutsi aphatfwe ngendlela yebuntfu kanye nangekwemtsetfo.

Khumbula
Kutsi sigaba 38 seMtsetfo Wekuchutjwa Kwemacala siphindze sibeke  tindlela letingacindzeteli kakhulu njengekumbamba letingenta  akwati kuba khona enkantolo. Letindlela tifanele kutsi tinakwe ngaphambi kwekutsi kufinyelelwe ekutsini abanjwe ngobe sigaba 36(1)(e) seMtsetfosisekelo  sitsi kufanele kutsi ubuke tindlela letingenako kumvimbela kakhulu kute utfole lokufunako (kuloku lokukwenta siciniseko sekutsi akwati kuba khona enkantolo). Ngako-ke, kubamba umuntfu kufanele kutsi kwentiwe njengesinyatselo sekugcina.

Sigaba 38 seMtsetfo wekuchutjwa Kwemacala
Tindlela tekwenta siciniseko sekutsi umuntfu longumsolwa  uba khona enkantolo nakutekwa licala lakhe kuba nguleti:
(Kumbamba
(Kumtfumelela emasamanisi
(Incwadzi yesatiso lebhaliwe; kanye
(Nekutsi kubhalwe phasi licala ngekwetimiso letibekiwe kuloMtsetfo.
Kumbamba umuntfu akusiyo indlela yekumsusa kwesikhashana emmangweni kute kucedvwe bugebengu kuleyo ndzawo kanjalo akusiyo indlela yekumjezisa.

2.3 UMBAMBA KANJANI UMUNTFU
Umuntfu angabanjwa  ikhona nobe ingekho incwadzi yekumbamba. Khumbula kutsi kuyintfo lencono kutsi uhlale utfole incwadzi legunyata kumbamba. Buhle baloko kuba kutsi  
kuvikeleke liphoyisa ekutsini  lingete latikhandze selibekwe licala




Umsebenti 2.2
10 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Tindzima 2.2 kanye na 2.3.

Tinjongo
Injongo yalesifundvo kucocisana ngenjongo yekubamba umuntfu kanye naletinye tindlela tekwenta abe khona enkantolo.
Emanotsi emfundzisi
1.Tjela bafundzi kutsi bacocisane emacenjini abo angababili (emacenjini ekubhunga) (5 emaminitsi)
( Yini inhloso yekubamba umuntfu?
( Ucondzani umbonombili (presumption) wekungabi nacala lokufuneka uhlale usengcondvweni? 
( Ngutiphi letinye tindlela ngephandle kwekumbamba letingenta siciniseko sekutsi umbekwacala abe khona ecaleni lakhe enkantolo?
2. Tjela bafundzi kutsi babike ngalokucocisana. Chuba ingcoco jikelele wakhe sibutsetelo.
(5 emaminitsi)

Tintfo lotatisebentisa  ngesikhatsi ubutsetela
(Incwadzi yekusebentela yemalungelo eluntfu kanye neBuphoyisa likhasi 27-29
( Sigaba 38 se-CPA.

Umtsetfo lovetwa licala
 Umbonombili (presumption) wekungabi nalicala ecaleni la- S v Zuma 1995 (2) SA 642 (CC) ? 1995 (4) BCLR 401 (SA) Umbonombili wekungabi nacala wasetjentwa.
( Umbonombili wekungabi nacala uhambisana nelilungelo lekungatibophisi kanye nelilungelo lekubindza. 
lelisivili kantsi kuphindze kwente siciniseko sekutsi lokubanjwa kanye nekutfola bufakazi lokutawulandzela lapho kube ngulokusemtsetfweni. Incwadzi legunyata kubamba umuntfu itfolakala kumantji nobe kusohhovisi wekuthula lofaka ekhatsi liphoyisa lelaliwulwe umsebenti linesikhundla sebukaputeni nobe lesingetulu.

Tinyenti timo umuntfu langabanjwa ngephasi kwato ingekho incwadzi legunyata kumbamba. Letinye tato tichazwe kuSigaba 40 we-CPA. Khumbula kunaletinye tishayamtsetfo letibukele indzaba yekubamba umuntfu ngaphandle kwencwadzi legunyata kubanjwa, sibonelo kungaba sigaba 40 (2) we-CPA.
 
Indlela yekubamba umuntfu ichaziwe kusigaba 39 se-CPA. Ingabutsetelwa ngalamavi lalandzelako:
(Umuntfu angabanjwa ngekutsi kube nencwadzi legunyata kumbamba (sigaba 43 se-CPA) nobe ibe ngekho incwadzi legunyata kumbamba (sigaba 40 se-CPA).
(Uma ngabe lomuntfu avuma kubanjwa asikho sidzingo sekumtsintsa loyo muntfu.
(Uma ngabe umuntfu angavumi kubanjwa kungasetjentiswa kuphela emandla ledzingekile (emandla lencane kabi) lengasetjentiswa kutsi kuphunyeleliswe kubanjwa kwakhe.
(Umuntfu lobamba umsolwa ufanele kutsi masinyane atsi angambamba ambikele lomuntfu lobanjwako sizatfu sekumbamba.
(  Uma ngabe umuntfu abanjwa ikhona incwadzi legunyata  kumbamba  ifanele kutsi ivetwe uma ngabe ayicela.                
umbuso ubeka umuntfu licala umbuso kufanele kutsi ucinisekise 


( Umbekwacala akadzingi kutsi asite umbuso uwine licala. Uma ngabe umbuso usola umuntfu umbuso ufanele kutsi ucinisekise ngalokungangabateki kutsi lomuntfu vele unelicala.








Umsebenti 2.3
40 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Tindzima 2.4 kanye na 2.5

Tinjongo
Injongo yalomsebenti kwenta emaphoyisa ati ngemalungelo eluntfu lababanjiwe kanye netibopho letibukene nawo kanjalo netibopho talababanjiwe.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1. Singeniso:2 emaminitsi
Hlukanisa bafundzi ngemacembu lamancane lanebafundzi labangengci kulabasihlanu bese ubatjela kutsi emacenjini abo abacocisane ngalemibuto lelandzelako:
(Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.3) 
( Nguyiphi indlela lengiyo yekubamba umuntfu?
( Umuntfu lobanjiwe unawaphi emalungelo kanye netibopho?
( Ngutiphi tibopho temaphoyisa ngesikhatsi sekubanjwa kwemuntfu?
Khumbula:
Umuntfu lobanjiwe ufanele atjelwe ngaleso ikhatsi (ngekushesha lokungakhonakala kwenteka ngephasi kwaleso simo) ngemalungelo lagunyatwe wona kusigaba 35(1) kanye (2) weMtsetfosisekelo. Liphoyisa lifanele  latise  liphindze lichazele lona lobanjiwe onkhe lamalungelo kanjalo liphindze lente siciniseko sekutsi uyawevisisa ngekweSigaba 35(4) seMtsetfosisekelo.

2.4 EMALUNGELO EMUNTFU LOBANJIWE 

Umuntfu lobanjiwe uhlala njalo atsatfwa ngekutsi akanalicala kute kube kutsi sekube nesiciniseko sekutsi unelicala kantsi ufanele kutsi aphatfwe ngendlela lenesitfunti kanjalo ngenhlonipho, kube kucatjangwa lilungelo lanalo lekukhululeka kanye nelekuvikeleka.

Kubanjwa kucindzetela  kakhulu emalungelo eluntfu. Kubanjwa kunciphisa emalungelo latsite ebuntfu. Lamanye alamalungelo labalulekile laba nekuncishiswa nguilesimo ngulawa:

(Sitfunti sebuntfu (Sigaba 10 seMtsetfosisekelo)

Bonkhe bantfu bafanele baphatfwe ngesizotsa ngalokunesitfunti kanye nangenhlonipho. Liphoyisa alifanele kutsi letfuke nobe lisebentise lulwimi lwekumhlukumeta loyo muntfu lobanjiwe ngobe loko kwehlisa sitfunti sakhe. Uma ngabe liphoyisa lingahloniphi sitfunti salomuntfu kungenteka kutsi lisebentisa budlabha emandla alo kanye nekuphatsa lelinako kulesento. Kutiphatsa kwaleliphoyisa kutawehlulelwa ngalokungatsatsi licala  ngekusebentisa sigaba 10 seMtsetfosisekelo.
( Yini lokufanele liphoyisa limtjele kona umuntfu lobanjwako ngesikhatsi limbamba?
Tjela emacembu kutsi abhale phasi letimphendvulo. 10 emaminitsi
2.Tfola imibiko yelicembu ngalinye mayelana naletintfo letehlukene. Tjela licembu ngalinye linikete imphendvulo yinye bese uchubekela kulelilandzelako kute kube kutsi utitfola tonkhe timphendvulo. 15 emaminitsi 
3.Cocani ngemalungelo, ubambe ingcoco jikelele ubutsetele. 13 emaminitsi 

Tintfo lotatisebentisa ngesikhatsi ubutsetela
( Sigaba 35 seMtsetfosisekelo
( Sigaba 39 se-CPA.
( Incwadzi yekusebentela yemalungelo eluntfu kanye neBuphoyisa likhasi 29.
(Ithransparensi Kubanjwa, No 1
(Ithransparensi Kubanjwa, No 2
(Ithransparensi Kubanjwa, No 3
( Inkhombandlela lencane yelikhikhi yemalungelo eluntfu kanye neKuchutjwa (Human Rights and Practice) likhasi 18-21.
( Wena neMtsetfosisekelo  likhasi 19.


Tibonelo temphatfo lengesiyo yebuntfu 

Ngekwemtimba:
Kwehluleka kwenta kutsi kube nemanti lahlobile ekunatsa


Ngekwengcondvo:
Tindlela tekuphenya letingemukeleki.

Emanotsi


( Inkhululeko nekuvikeleka kwebantfu (sigaba 12 seMtsetfosisekelo)

Lilungelo lekukhululeka kanye nekuvikeleka kwemuntfu kufaka ekhatsi lilungelo lebucotfo ngekwengcondvo. (Loko kusho kutsi umuntfu ukwati kulawula umtimba kanye nengcondvo yakhe). Lilungelo lekuvikeleka  ekutsini angahlukumeteki ngekwemtimba nangekwengcondvo kufaka ekhatsi kutsi kute umuntfu lokungatsi nje ngalokungenamtsetfo (kungekho sizatfu lesibonakalako ngalamanye emagama kungekho kulawulwa nguMtsetfo wePhalamende nobe umtsetfo losolo usebenta (common law) avele asukelwe abanjwe avalelwe aseshwe. Kabanti nje inkhululeko yemuntfu ngamunye isho lilungelo lakhe lekuvikeleka ekutsi angamane nje asukelwe ngetento tembuso lokungatsi kulokunye tihlukumete nobe tiphazamise bucotfo bakhe ngekwemtimba nangekwengcondvo.

( Lilungelo lenkhululeko yekunyakata (sigaba 21 seMtsetfosisekelo)

Sigaba 21 seMtsetfosisekelo: Inkhululeko yekunyakata nekuhlala
21. (1) Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekunyakata.
(2) ????.

Leti nguletinye tetibonelo talamanye emalungelo langacindzeteleka. Akhona lamanye emalungelo langacindzeteleka ngekumbamba, sibonelo kungaba sigaba 14 (Kuba nelingasese), sigaba 18  (Kutimanyanisa) kanye nalamanye        








Emanotsi









































emalungelo langacindzeteleka  ngandlela tsiteni.

KHUMBULA
Umuntfu lobanjiwe kutsi masinyane ngemuva kwekubanjwa bese uba nemalungelo lakusigaba 35(1), (2) kanye na (4) kuMtsetfosisekelo.

KUCOCA NGEMALUNGELO LATSITE

( Kubindza dvu
Lilungelo lekubindza dvu liniketa lobanjiwe litfuba lekukhetsa kutsi uyabindza dvu (anganiketi sitatimende angaphendvuli nemibuto. Lokubindza dvu kuphindze kusho kutsi umuntfu akadzingi kutsi asho lutfo ngalelicala lasolwa kutsi ulentile kepha ufanele kutsi anikete libito lakhe kanye nelikheli lakhe nangabe loko kubutwa ngusohhovisi wekuthula lokufaka liphoyisa ekhatsi). Sigaba 41 se-CPA).

Kute akhone kukhetsa anelwati uMtsetfosisekelo uphocelela liphoyisa lelimbambako kutsi litjele lobanjwako ngemiphumela (lokungenteka ngekutsi angabindzi dvu. Loko kusho kutsi uma ngabe umuntfu akhetsa kuniketa sitatimende loyo muntfu ufanele kutsi ecwayiswe kutsi lesitatimende sitawubhalwa phasi kantsi singasetjentiswa njengebufakazi enkantolo yemtsetfo.

( Kutsi angaphocelelwa kwemukela nobe kutivumela licala abe angafuni kukwenta loko

Kute umuntfu longaphocelelwa kutsi emukele nobe avume licala  








Umtsetfo lovetwa licala 
Kuvuma licala/kutetfwesa bufakazi belicala

Ecaleni la S v Zuma 1995 (2) SA 642 (CC) ? 1995(4) BCLR 401 (SA) ludzaba lwekuvuma licala lwasetjentwa.
( Uma ngabe umbekwacala atsi kuvuma kwakhe licala wakwenta ngesizatfu sekutsi abecindzetelwe, asebumatimeni, aviswa buhlungu, esatjiswa nobe etsenjiswa (ngalamanye emagama hhayi ngekutitsandzela yena) akadzingi kutsi aze anikete bufakazi bekutsi wakwenta loko angakakhululeki kanjalo akatentelanga ngekutsandza kwakhe.
( Umbekicala (liphoyisa) kanye nemashushisi wenkantolo bafanele-ke kutsi bavete bufakazi bekutsi lokuvuma licala lokwentiwa kumantji kwentiwa ngekukhululeka nangekutitsandzela.


Emanotsi emfundzisi
Buta  bafundzi kutsi bayawati yini umehluko emkhatsini wekuvuma licala neku

Kuvuma kusho kuvuma tonkhe tincenye telicala kantsi akufaki ekhatsi konkhe kutitsetselela. Uma ngabe akweta enkantolo yemtsetfo kutawugcina kutivumela kutsi ulentile licala.


  
Ngenkhani hhayi ngekutitsandzela. Uma ngabe umuntfu aphocelelwa Kute umuntfu longaphocelelwa kutsi emukele nobe ativumele licala  angafuni. Uma umuntfu aphocelelwa nganobe nguyiphi indlela kutsi ente sitatimende, leso sitatimende ete semukelwa (singemukeleki njengebufakazi) enkantolo yemtsetfo. (Sigaba 217 kanye na219 we-CPA).

( Kufaka sicelo sebheyili
Ibheyili yindlela yekunciphisa kucindzeteleka kwemalungelo ekukhululeka  nekuvikeleka (sigaba 12 seMtsetfosisekelo). Ibheyili iphindze  ibe siciniseko sekutsi umuntfu utawuta ecaleni lakhe. Babekwacala bangakhululwa ngebheyili lenikwe ngemaphoyisa (kumacala langemakhulu) nobe bangafaka sicelo sebheyili kumshushisi wenkantolo nobe enkantolo yemtsetfo.

LOKUFUNWA TEBULUNGISWA
Umuntfu lobanjiwe unelilungelo lekukhululwa ekuvalelweni uma ngabe lokufunwa tebulungiswa kuvuma, kuye ngekwetimo letitsite (Sigaba 35 (1) (f) seMtsetfosisekelo). Lilungelo lekukhululwa ekuvalelweni ngebheyili nobe mahhala ngaphandle kwanangabe lokufunwa bulungiswa kuba ngulokwehlukile, lichumene nelilungelo lekukhululeka nekuvikeleka kwemuntfu kanye nelilungelo lekutsatfwa njengalongenalicala ate atfolwe yinkantolo letsembekile kutsi vele ulentile lelicala.

Kukhululwa kwemuntfu lovalelwe ete kwaya ngekufisa kwebulungiswa  uma ngabe .
Kwemukela kona sitatimende nobe kutiphatsa lokungaba nobe lokugcina kucindzetela umuntfu lokwentako (sibonelo kungaba kuvuma incenye letsite yelicala) kepha kube kungasho kutsi loko  sekukuvuma kutsi unelicala.

Umsebenti 2.4
20 emaminitsi 

Injongo
Injongo yalesifundvo kucoca ngebheyili.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
Tjela bafundzi bacocisane ngembuto kanye nemigomo lesebenta nakufakwa sicelo sebheyili.
(Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.4)
( Umuntfu lobanjiwe angasifaka nakunjani sicelo sebheyili asifake kuphi?

Timphendvulo letingavela
( ibheyili lefakwa enkantolo yemtsetfo
Umuntfu lobanjiwe ufanele kutsi atjelwe ngelilungelo lekufaka sicelo sebheyili ngekushesha lokukhulu (Sigaba 50(6) se-CPA).
UMtsetfo Wesibili Wekuchutjwa Kwemacala Losichibelo wanga-1997 (uMtsetfo 85 wanga-1997) locale kusebenta mhlaka 1 Agasti 1998,  ugucule letinye tincenye tenchubo yebheyili. Sicelo sebheyili sifanele kutsi siletfwe ngelilanga lekusebenta kwenkantolo emkhatsini wensimbi yemfica ekuseni kuya kuyesine ntsambama (09:00-16:00). Loko kusho kutsi sicelo sebheyili singete saletfwa enkantolo seyivalile kusebenta (after hours).


 
kunasinye nobe letingetulu tizatfu letibalwe (kusigaba 60(4) we-CPA).
( Uma ngabe umuntfu lobanjiwe (umbekwacala) atawuletsa bungoti ekuvikelekeni kwemphakatsi nobe kwanobe ngumuphi umuntfu nobe kutinhloso temphakatsi, nobe utawenta licala lelikushejuli 1 
( Uma ngabe lomuntfu lobanjiwe atawenta imitamo yekubalekela kutekiswa licala
( Uma ngabe umuntfu lobanjiwe atawetama kugucula nobe kucindzetela bofakazi nobe kumbonya nobe kushabalalisa bufakazi
(Uma ngabe umbekwacala atawubukela phasi nobe entele phasi tinjongo tekusebenta ngendlela kwetinhlelo tekulawula  bulungiswa kutebugebengu lokufaka ekhatsi luhlelo lwebheyili 

UMtsetfo weSibili wekuChutjwa kweMacala loChitjiyelwe  wengeta sizatfu sesihlanu kusigaba 60(4), lokukutsi inkantolo ingaphindze inake kutsi:
( Uma kwenteka etimeni letingakavami kutsi kunekwenteka kutsi kukhululwa kwembekwacala kutawuphazamisa kuhleleka kwemphakatsi nobe kutawuphazamisa kuthula nobe kuvikeleka kwemphakatsi.

Sigaba lesisha sigaba 60 (8A) sengetwe kuMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala kuchaza timphawu letingacashelwa yinkantolo:
Sigaba 60 (8A) 
Ekunakeni kutsi tizatfu kusigatjana (4) (e) tibonakele, inkantolo ingatsi uma ngabe kusebentiseka icabange netimphawu letilandzelako, lokunguleti:


( Ibheyili leyentiwa ngemaphoyisa
Basolwa bangakhululwa ngekwenta ibheyili emaphoyiseni (kumacala langemabi kakhulu).  Lebheyili yemaphoyisa inganiketwa ngisho nobe ngabe sesikhatsi sekuvalwe umsebenti. Uma ngabe liphoyisa lingakhoni kuniketa ibheyili ngekwesigaba 59 se-CPA nobe lala kuniketa ibheyili lelo liphoyisa lifanele litsatse lomsolwa limyise enkantolo yemtsetfo kutsi ayofaka khona sicelo sebheyili leso ngekushesha lokungakhonakala. Khumbula kutsi sicelo sebheyili singafakwa kuphela ngesikhatsi sekusebenta kwenkantolo.

Ngekushesha lokungakhonakala usho kuphangisa lokungenteka ngephasi kwaleto timo. Loko kungasho kutsi sibekise ecaleni lemuntfu lobekashayela anatse tjwala kutsi liphoyisa  lifanele licale ngekutsatsa lomsolwa aye kudokotela wesigodzi kuyotsatsa lisamphuli lengati ngaphambi kwekutsi loyo muntfu amikiswe enkantolo. Sizatfu saloko kutsi lelisamphuli lengati lifanele litsatfwe kungakengci ema-awa lamabili abanjiwe lomuntfu.

( Ibheyili yebashushisi
Basolwa bangaphindze bakhululwe ngebheyili lekhishwe bashushisi bembuso. Nalena ibheyili ingatfolakala ngemuva kwesikhatsi sekusebenta, kepha ingete yafunwa ngumbekwacala kantsi yona itfolakala ngekutsi kube liphoyisa lelibona kufanele kuyicela. Naloku liphoyisa kungilo lelibona kutsi icelwe lena ibheyili kufanele kutsi lebheyili iniketwe ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi uma kwenteka. 

a. kutsi luhlobo lwelicala nobe timo lelentiwe ngephasi kwato lelicala kungenteka iletse kwetfuka 
nekutfukutsela kumphakatsi lokwentiwe kuwo lelicala;
b. kutsi lokwetfuka nekutfukutsela kwemphakatsi kungagcina kubangela kutsi kuphazamiseke inhlalo emmangweni uma ngabe lomsolwa akhululwa;
c. kutsi kuvikeleka kwakhe umbekwacala kungete kwaphazamiseka yini ngekutsi    akhululwe;
d. kutsi umoya wekuthula nekuphepha kwemalunga emphakatsi ngeke kuphazamiseke nobe kwenteleke phasi ngekukhulula lomsolwa;
e. kutsi kukhulula lomsolwa angeke yini kwehlise nobe kwentele phasi sitfunti nobe kwetsenjwa kweluhlelo letebulungiswa kutebugebengu; nobe-ke
f. nobe nguyiphi lenye imbangela lokutawutsi ngekubona kwenkantolo kufuneke inakwe.

Uma ngabe kukhona sinye nobe tinyenti taletizatfu kungumsebenti weliphoyisa kutsi liphikise sicelo sebheyili. Ngako-ke udzinga kutsi wente luphenyo loluphelele uma ngabe ufuna kuphikisa ibheyili lecelwako.

Lokubalulekile
Ngesikhatsi kufakwa lesicelo inkantolo ingakhipha sincumo sekutsi sichutjelwe embili ngemalanga langefika kulasikhombisa  ngekwesigaba 50(6) seCPA. Uma ngabe inkantolo ikhipha kutsi sichutjelwe embili wena-ke ungasebentisa lesikhatsi kubutsa bufakazi lotabudzinga nawuphikisa lesicelo sebheyili. Naloku umsolwa anelilungelo lekutfola ibheyili kanjalo angete Umshushisi ufanele kutsi atsatsise kuleliphoyisa lelingulona liphenya lelicala ngaphambi kwekutsi akhiphe ibheyili.

Umtsetfo welicala 
Ibheyili
Ecaleni laProkureur-General, Vrytaat v Ramakhosi 1996 (4) All SA 207 (O) kwenteka  kutsi Ummeli Lomkhulu-jikelele abengakacinisekisi kutsi kungaba khona kutsi umsolwa angabeka engotini kuphepha kwemphakatsi nobe ngumuphi-ke lomunye umuntfu nobe tifiso temphakatsi nobe kwenta licala lelikushejuli 1 uma ngabe bekangakhululwa ngebheyili (p 219 B-C). Inkantolo yaphindze yatfola kutsi kumaciniso labelapho bekungeke kwenteke kutsi abengetama kubalekela kutekiswa licala lakhe nobe etame kugucula ingcondvo nobe esabise bofakazi nobe ambonye nobe-ke ashabalalise bufakazi. (p 235 F-G) Inkantolo yaphetsa ngekutsi njengobe kuphenywa kwalelicala kwakutawuchubeka tinyanga lomsolwa  longusomabhizinisi abetawulimala kabi kutetimali uma ngabe anganikwa ibheyili ngako-ke kwasho kusti kubona kwebulungiswa akuphoceleli kutsi avalelwe siphelane lomsolwa.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
Tjela bafundzi letintfo letimcoka letilandzelako:
( Uma kungadzingeki kutsi ubambe umuntfu entsambama nagphambi kwemphelasontfo lendze ungakwenti loko.
( Akusiwo umsebenti weliphoyisa kujezisa umsolwa.
( Umuntfu utsatfwa ngekutsi akanalicala kuze kucinisekiwe kutsi unalo.
( Kungumsebenti wenkantolo
avinjwa kutsi afake sicelo enkantolo yemtsetfo kunetinyatselo letinyentana lokufanele tentiwe 
ngaphambi kwekutsi umuntfu ayiswe enkantolo kuyofaka sicelo sebheyili letifana nekwenta lilekhodi lalokubanjwa kanye nekutsatsa ticindzetelo tetingalo takhe nemasamphuli engati. Ngaphandle kwanangabe umuntfu atimisele kubambisana nemaphoyisa. Kubambisana kwakhe nawo ekucedzeni imisetjentana leyo yekuchuba licala kanye neyekuphenya kufanele kutsi kwentiwe kube ngiko kutawusita ekutsini atfole ibheyili yakhe.

(Kuletfwa embikwenkantolo esikhatsini lesingema-awa langengci kulangu-48 abanjiwe
Sigaba 50 seMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala utsi umuntfu lobanjiwe ufanele kutsi aletfwe embikwenkantolo yemtsetfo kungakengci ema-awa langu-48 abanjiwe. Sigaba 35(1) (d) seMtsetfosisekelo sichubekela embili sitsi akusiko kutsi nje umuntfu ufanele aletfwe embikwenkantolo kungakengci lama-awa langu-48 kepha kutsi umuntfu ufanele aletfwe enkantolo ngekushesha lokungakhonakala.  Lesikhatsi sema-awa langu-48 budze besikhatsi lokungafanele kwengciwe kuso, kantsi     kungumsebenti weliphoyisa kutsi liletse umuntfu loyo enkantolo esikhatsini ngekushesha lokungakhonakala. Sikhatsi sema-awa langu-48 sicala ngesikhatsi umuntfu abanjwa emukwa lilungelo lekukhululeka. Uma ngabe liphoyisa lisetfubeni lekutsi lingaletsa umuntfu enkantolo ngesikhatsi lesifishane kepha lehluleke kwenta loko, kuchubeka nekumvalela kungaba yintfo leseyentiwa ngalokungemtsetfo.
hhayi weliphoyisa kujezisa tephulamtsetfo.
( Kubamba umuntfu ngalokungekho emtsetfweni kanye nekusetjentiswa kwemandla lenkhulu ekumbopheni kungagcina kwenta kuvalelwa kwakhe kungabi semtsetfweni kantsi kungaletsa kudliwa ngemacala lasivili, ngemacala ebugebengu ngisho nekumiswa emsebentini lombala.








































( Lilungelo lekutfola lotammela ecaleni

Liphoyisa lifanele latise umuntfu lovalelwe (umuntfu lobanjiwe) masinyane ngelilungelo lekutikhetsela nekubonana nemmeli. Lomuntfu ufanele atiswe khona lapho ngelilungelo lanalo lekuba nemmeli latamnikwa ngumbuso ngetindleko tawo uma ngabe kungahanjiswa ngekwemtsetfo kwetintfo kungenteka kube khona (sigaba 35 (2)(b) kanye na(c)). Ngalokwentekako lommeli utawuncunywa ngulosebenta kubhodi yebelusito lwebameli.

Ephoyiseni loko kusho kutsi ufanele kutsi unike lomuntfu litfuba lekutsi atsintsane nemmeli wakhe. Uma ngabe lomuntfu angenaye ummeli ungamniketa luhla lwebameli kuleyo ndzawo nobe ngenombolo yeLibhodi leLusito Lwebameli nobe-ke letinye tinhlangano talolo luhlobo endzaweni lokuyo. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi unato letinombolo telucingo lwelibhodi lelusito lwebameli enkantolo yendzawo yakho.

( Kuphatfwa ngekwesitfunti nangenhlonipho
Liphoyisa lifanele kutsi liphatse wonkhe umuntfu lobanjiwe ngesitfunti nangenhlonipho ngesikhatsi abanjiwe (sigaba 10 seMtsetfosisekelo: Sitfunti sebuntfu). Umuntfu lobanjiwe utsatfwa ngekutsi akanalicala kute kube kutsi utfolwa yinkantolo yemtsetfo kutsi vele unalo licala.

2.5 KUCINDZETELEKA KWEMALUNGELO EMUNTFU LOBANJIWE

Umtsetfo lovetwa licala
Kukhona kutfola ummeli: Emacaleni abo S v Vermaak; S v Du Plessis 1995(3) SA 292 (CC) ? 1995(7) BLCR 851 (CC) inkantolo yasebenta ludzaba lwelilungelo lekuba nemmeli.
( Umuntfu lobekwe licala angalifuna lilungelo lakhe lekutsi abe nemmeli lobhadalelwe ngumbuso, kepha loko kutawuvunyelwa ngekutsi inkantolo ibona kutsi uma ngabe umbekwacala anganaye ummeli kutawube ?nekungalandzeli bulungiswa ngalokwenele?.
( Umbekwacala lonikwe ngumbuso ummeli angete akhetsa ummeli lotsite.
( Kusekuboneni kwelijaji nobe kwemanjti kutsi kutawuba ?nebulungiswa ngalokwenele: uma ngabe umbekwacala anganikwa ummeli lotawubhadalwa ngumbuso.


Emanotsi emfundzisi
Khumbula: Bonkhe bantfu lababanjiwe bonkhe babantfu labavalelwe kantsi banemalungelo manye ekuba ngulababanjiwe. Lamalungelo atawuchazwa ngephasi kwesehluko lesidzingidza ludzaba lwebantfu labatokile. (Sigaba 35 (2) seMtsetfosisekelo).


Emanotsi 









Uma ngabe emalungelo emuntfu ancishiswa, lokuncishiswa kufanele kutsi  kuhlolwe ngekubuka sigaba semtsetfo ngekuncishiswa  (sigaba 36 seMtsetfosisekelo).

Loko kusho kutsi:
( Lokuncishiswa lokwetama kwentiwa  kufanele kutsi kube ngulokungena ngephasi kwemtsetfo losetjentiswa jikelele. Loko kusho kutsi kufanele kube neMtsetfo wePhalamende lokunika lilungelo lekumbamba. Etikhatsini letinyenti kuba nguMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala kanye naleminye iMitsetfo yePhalamende. UMtsetfo losetjentiswa jikelele ngumtsetfo welive lokufaka ekhatsi kutsi ufaka imitsetfo leshaywa sishayamtsetfo sembuso kanye naleyo lesoloku isebenta.  
( Emalungelo angancishiswa kuphela kute kufinyelele esigabeni lapho lokuncishiswa kwemukeleka khona. Loko kusho kutsi lokuncishiswa kufanele kube ngulokwemukelekako ngephasi kwaleto timo. Uma ngabe kukhona indlela lengawanciphisi kangako lengasetjentiswa, ngalamanye emagama, uma kungadzingi kutsi uze umbambe wena njengeliphoyisa kufanele kutsi usebentise lena lenye indlela.
( Lokuncishiswa kufanele kube ngulokungasekeleka emphakatsini lovulekile nalokhululekile  ngekwesitfunti sebuntfu, kulingana kanye nenkhululeko. Loko kusho kutsi kufanele kutsi ukhone kutsetselela lokwentako ngemuva kwesikhatsi enkantolo yemtsetfo. Umphakatsi longafihli lutfo nalonenkhululeko kusho kutsi emaphoyisa  kuleminye imiphakatsi lekhululekile kufanele kutsi liphoyisa lente lokufanako ngephasi kwetimo letifanako.  
Umsebenti 2.5
15 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Indzima 2.6

Tinjongo
Injongo yalesifundvo kwenta emaphoyisa acabange ngendlela langanciphisa emalungelo eluntfu ngayo nekutsi ngutiphi tintfo lokufute baticaphele ngesikhatsi banciphisa lawo malungelo kumuntfu.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1.Tjela bafundzi kutsi bacocisane ngalemibuto lelandzelako emacenjini abo ekubhunga:
      5 emaminitsi
(Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.5)
( Nguwaphi emalungelo eluntfu lababanjiwe langancishiswa?
( Angancishiswa kanjani lamalungelo?
2.  Batjele bayibhale phasi.
3.Batjele sebahlole kutsi kubamba (lokusinciphiso selilungelo) ngabe kuyahambisana yini nesigaba 36 seMtsetfosesekelo.
2. Tfola imibiko yawo onkhe emacembu.
7 emaminitsi
3. Bamba  ingcoco jikelele ubutsetele
3 emaminitsi

Tintfo lotatisebentisa ngesikhatsi ubutsetela
( Ithransparensi: Singeniso No 1
( Sigaba 36 seMtsetfosisekelo

Timphendvulo letingachamuka
( Incwadzi yeKusebentela yemalungelo eluntfu neBuphoyisa likhasi 6
(Tigaba 10, 12, 14, 21 teMtsetfosisekelo.

Ufanele kutsi uhlale njalo uphatsa wonkhe umuntfu ngendlela lenesitfunti sebuntfu kanye nenhlonipho kantsi ungete wabandlulula umuntfu akunendzaba kutsi ungubani. Khumbula umuntfu utsatfwa njengalongenalicala ate atfolwe yinkantolo kutsi vele unalo licala.
( Ngekubuka lokushiwo sigaba 36(1) (a) kuya ku(e)  umtsetfo wekulinganisa ngekwesimo uyasebenta. Loko kusho kutsi kwehliselwa/kuncishiswa nasingabekisa kwelilungelo lemuntfu lenkhululeko yekuba nelingasese nobe inkhululeko yekunyakata kufanele kutsi kuhambisane neluhlobo nobe nesimo sekulimata lokwentiwe. Kufanele-ke kutsi kube nekulinganiswa kwelilungelo lanalo lekuba nelingasese nobe inkhululeko yekunyakata kanye nemgamu wekulehlisa.

2.6 KUSETJENTISWA KWEMANDLA NGESIKHATSI UMBAMBA 

Intfo lebaluleke kakhulu lokufute uyikhumbule uma ubamba umsolwa kufanele kube nekulinganisa emkhatsini wekwenta umsebenti wakho kahle kanye futsi nekuhlonipha emalungelo akhe umsolwa. Uma ngabe basolwa babanjwa inkantolo isuke isengakabatfoli banelicala lababekwe lona.
Ngesikhatsi abanjwa emaphoyisa akavunyelwa kutsi asebentise emandla njengendlela yekumjezisa loyo muntfu. Uma ngabe singekho sidzingo semandla nakubanjwa loyo muntfu ungayisebentisi sanhlobo emandla. Uma ngabe kudzingeka kutsi usebentise emandla kute uphumelele


(ARTWORK)




Emanotsi emfundzisi
Sishayamtsetfo lesihambelana nekusetjentiswa kwemandla/emandla:
( Tigaba 11, 12 (1) kanye na-36 teMtsetfosisekelo
( Sigaba 13 (3) weMtsetfo we-SAPS
( Tigaba 39 na-49 teMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala
( Imiyalo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla ekuphumeleliseni kubamba umuntfu: Umbandzela wekuSebenta lokuKhetsekile (Special Service Order): 31/1/5/3 lusuku 1997-01-07.

Kukhona nemacophelo emave emhlaba wonkhe mayelana nekusetjentiswa kwemandla kanye netibhamu, sibonelo:
( Atikili 3 weMbhalo  waMhlab?uhlangene weNdlela yekutiPhatsa kwalabaCinisekisa kuLandzelwa kweMtsetfo
( Imigomo yaMhlab?uhlangene ngekusetjentiswa kweMandla kanye neTibhamu.














Kubamba umuntfu kufanele usebentise emandla lamancane kabi lokusho kutsi ungasebentisa emandla lencane kakhulu ledzingeka ngephasi kwaleto timo.

UMtsetfosisekelo ucinisekisa kutsi wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo:
( lekuphila
( lekuhlonishwa nekuvikelwa kwesitfunti sakhe
( lekukhululeka nekuvikeleka  lokufaka ekhatsi lilungelo lekukhululeka kuto tonkhe tinhlobo teludlame lolungaphuma kumphakatsi nobe kumiphi imitfombo leseceleni, kutsi angaviswa buhlungu nobe angaphatfwa nobe ajeziswe ngendlela lenesihluku, lengenabuntfu nobe leyehlisa sitfunti sakhe; kanye
( nelekuba nelingasese lelifaka ekhatsi lilungelo lekutsi angaseshwa yena ngekwakhe, umuti wakhe, nobe imphahla yakhe nobe angatsatselwa lokukwakhe.

Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kunganciphisa kantsi ngalesinye sikhatsi lokukanye linye ngalokuvamile ngetulu kwalinye lalamalungelo langenhla. Ngako-ke kusetjentiswa kwemandla kufanele kutsi kuhlale njalo kuhambisana nemtsetfo.

2.6.1 Tintfo lokufanele uticaphele uma usebentisa emandla kubamba umuntfu

Ungatibuta lemibuto lelandzelako uma usebentisa emandla kubamba umuntfu:

( Ngabe kusetjentiswa kwemandla bekufanele yini, 
( Ngabe kusetjentiswa kwemandla  
Umsebenti 2.6
10 emaminitsi


Indzima lecondziwe
Indzima 2.7

Tinjongo
Injongo yalesifundvo kucocisana ngemazinga emandla langasetjentiswa nakubanjwa umuntfu.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1. Tjela bafundzi bacocisane jikelele ngemazinga lahlukene ekusetjentiswa kwemandla ngesikhatsi kubanjwa umuntfu kusuka ezingeni leliphasi lokukusetjentiswa kwemandla lamancane.
2. Butsetela

Emanotsi


























ungakutsetselela yini enkantolo yemtsetfo?
( Ngabe kusetjentiswa kwemandla kube nekulimala lokuncane lokukuletsako yini?

2.6.2Imitsetfo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla ngesikhatsi ubopha umuntfu

( Sebentisa  emandla lencane kuphela
( Sebentisa kuphela emandla lehambisana nesimo selicala
( Sebentisa kuphela emandla ledzingeka kuvikela wena nalabaseceleni labangakenti lutfo kanye nekutsi uphumelele kumbamba.

 ( Sebentisa  emandla lencane kuphela
Kufanele kutsi usebentise kuphela emandla ledzingekile kuncoba bungoti, kuzabalaza nobe kuhlaselwa. Uma bungoti, kuzabalaza, nekuhlaselwa  kukukhulu ngulapho ungasebentisa emandla  letsi kuphakama.

( Sebentisa kuphela emandla lehambisana nesimo selicala
Uma ngabe umuntfu azabalaza angafuni kubanjwa  kushuba kwelicala lasolwa kutsi ulentile kungaba yincenye lemcoka nawuncuma kutsi nguluphi luhlobo lwemandla lotalusebentisa. Uma kulicala lelilula nje kunetinhlobo letitsite temandla longete watisebentisa.

TINDLELA TEKUCHAZA KUHAMBISANA KWESIMO SELICALA NAWUSEBENTISA EMANDLA 

Uma ngabe umuntfu akali kubanjwa akufanele kutsi usebentise emandla sanhlobo.

Emanotsi
















































Letindlela letilandzelako tichaza umgomo wekulinganisa simo selicala nemandla lengasetjentiswa kantsi tikhombisa emazinga lahlukene emandla langasetjentiswa ngesikhatsi kubanjwa umuntfu. (emandla lamncane kakhulu).

( Kuba khona kweliphoyisa:
Kutatisa njengeliphoyisa
Uma ngabe umuntfu atatisa kutsi uliphoyisa (ngekubonakalisa nangekukhuluma). Kubeka sandla ngenhloso yekubamba/kulayela nobe kudvudvuta
Imiyalo leshiwo ngemlomo, kwekhuta ngenhloso yekulayela nobe kubamba

Uma ngabe liphoyisa  liniketa imiyalo ngemlomo nobe lilayela umuntfu kutsi enteni. (sibonelo, kungaba kutsi uma umuntfu abaleka liphoyisa limmemete limtjele kutsi eme.)

( Kunika imiyalo ungakaphatsi lutfo esandleni:
Kunika imiyalo ngendlela lephasi ungakaphatsi lutfo esandleni
Emasu lanematfuba lamancane kabi kutsi kube nekulimala. (Sibonelo: Uma ngabe liphoyisa litsintsa umuntfu ehlombe limtjela kutsi aliphekeletele).
Kunika imiyalo ngendlela lecinile ungakaphatsi lutfo
Emasu lokungenteka kube nekulimala. Kusebentisa emasu laphazamisa tindzawo temtimba letinekucindzeteleka, letisheshe tivise buhlungu, letifuna kutsi alandzele, letimlahla phasi, kanye naletitsintsa emalunga.

(Emasu ekuphazamisa kusebenta kwemiva
Kucindzetela imisipha yentsamo
Emanotsi
































(NB: Pictures)
TFOLA UMEHLUKO















(uma ngabe liphoyisa liceceshiwe) nobe lolunye lunyawo/ umlente/sandla/umkhono kusebenta masinyane njengendlela yekucindzetela umfutfo kumiva kubanga kutsi kube nekungasebenti kwemiva yalesitfo kwesikhashana ngasikhatsi sinye kube nekuwokota ingcondvo. Lokunye kushaya kuletsa kuphazamiseka kwengcondvo kwesikhashana nobe kuphazamisa kusebenta kwetitfo temtimba.

( Kusebentisa emakhemikhali
iCO/OC (sikhipha tinyembeti) nobe iphephagesi uma ngabe avunyelwe ngekwelitiko kutsi anekuphepha ngemaphoyisa laceceshiwe lasetjentiswa ngekulandzela ticondziso letisemtsetfweni letilawula lamakhekhikhali.

( Ticwayi/tishayi letiletsa umfutfo ngekwekuvunyelwa litiko tisetjentiswa ngemaphoyisa laceceshiwe kutsi atisebentise ngalokufanele kakhulu.

( Umfutfo loyingoti (Lethal force ) / tibhamu nobe emasu ekutisindzisa lokungenteka aletse ?kufa nobe kulimata umtimba  kamatima (kulimata umtimba kakhulu)?

( Sebentisa kuphela emandla nobe emandla ladzingekile kutiphephisa wena kanye nalabangakoni lutfo labasedvute ngesikhatsi uphumelelisa kubamba umuntfu logangile.

Ngesikhatsi liphoyisa  libamba umuntfu kungenteka kutsi lente sento sekutiphephisa (kutivikela). Khumbula kutsi usebentise kuphela emandla ledzingekile kutiphephisa wena kanye nebantfu labalapho
Umsebenti 2.7
10 emaminitsi 


Indzima lecondziwe
Tindzima 2.7, 2.8, kanye na 2.9

Tinjongo
Tinjongo talesifundvo kwenta bafundzi bacabange ngekusebentisa tibhamu ngesikhatsi babamba umbekwacala kanye nekucocisana ngeludzaba lwemandla nobe emandla lencane.



Emanotsi emfundzisi
1. Tjela bafundzi bacoce ngalemibuto lelandzelako:
(Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.7.)
( Lingamdubula nakunjani liphoyisa umbekwacala lobalekako?
( Ingasetjentiswa yini emandla kusesha umuntfu lobanjiwe?
2. Chubani ingcoco jikelele.
3. Butsetela

Tintfo lotatisebentisa nawubutsetela
( Incwadzi Yekusebentela yemalungelo eluntfu nebuphoyisa, likhasi 32.
( Ithransparensi: Kubamba umuntfu No 7.

Emanotsi










labangakenti lutfo.

2.6.3 Ngemuva kwekusetjentiswa kwemandla tinkantolo tingahlolisisa tintfo letine, lokungeleti:

( Ngabe kusetjentiswa kwemandla bekufanelekile yini kuletimo?
( Bekukhona yini kulinganisa emkhatsini wesidzingo semandla kanye nelizinga lemandla lelisetjentisiwe?
( Imente walimala kanganani lomuntfu lobanjiwe?
( Ngabe emandla asetjentiswe ngenhloso lefanele nobe ngesihluku, ngalokungadzingeki nobe ngenhloso yekuvisa buhlungu?

2.7  EMAPHOYISA ANGAMDUBULA NAKUNJANI UMSOLWA  LOBALEKAKO?  

Lokumcoka lokufanele kucashelwe
Lolu ludzaba loluletsa kuphikisana lokukhulu. Sigaba 49 se-CPA sisabhalwa kabusha. Lokushiwo ngulemphendvulo kusengagucuka.

UMtsetfosisekelo (Sigaba 11) utsi wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekuphila. Ngako-ke liphoyisa lingamdubula kuphela umsolwa uma ngabe litikhandza lingephasi kwetimo letihlukile mbamba. Kubalulekile kutsi wati umtsetfo ukuvumela nini kutsi udubule umsolwa lobalekela kubanjwa.

Imigomo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla ekuphumeleliseni kubamba umuntfu (sigaba 49 se-CPA) isasebenta. Lemigomo itsenwa emandla ngumtsetfomgomo wemaphoyisa lolekelela i-CPA. 
Emanotsi

















































?Lomtsetfomgomo usasetjentiswa kantsi unamatsiselwe lapha njengesichibelo A?. 

UMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala kanye neMtsetfo weSAPS isisita ekutsini sikhanyelwe ngekutsi emaphoyisa angalinciphisa njani lilungelo  lemuntfu lekukhululeka nekuvikeleka. LeMitsetfo ikutjela ngekutsi ungasebentisa luhlobo luni lwemandla nekutsi ibe nganani uma ubamba umsolwa. 

Khumbula kutsi loku kungagucuka
Umsolwa lobalekako ungamdubula  uma ngabe letimo letisitfupha letilandzelako uhlangabetene nato:
Khumbula kutsi uma kungadzingeki kutsi usebentise sibhamu ungasisebentisi.
1. Umsolwa usolwa ngekutsi wente licala lelimatima lelibhalwe eluhlwini lwemtsetfomgomo wemaphoyisa. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi unekhophi yalombhalo uwati ngengcondvo ngalokukhulu kucaphela.
2. Liphoyisa letama kubamba umuntfu losolwa ngekutsi wente loluhlobo lwelicala.
3. Umsolwa uyati kutsi leliphoyisa letama kumbambela loluhlobo lwelicala.
4. Kute lenye indlela yekubamba lomsolwa.
5. Liphoyisa limecwayisile umsolwa kutsi litamdubula uma ngabe angemi; umsolwa yena akasinaki leso secwayiso.
6. Timphilo talabanye bantfu angeke tibe sengotini uma kuba nekudubula.





















































Uma ngabe umsolwa angemi kufanele kutsi ucale ngekudubula emoyeni wentele kumecwayisa, kepha ukwenta loko kuphela uma ungeke ufake engotini imphilo yalomunye umuntfu. Uma ngabe umsolwa asolo angemi sewungadubula-ke. Ufanele kutsi wetame kumdubula etincenyeni temtimba letifana nemlente, lapho khona ingete yambulala inhlavu umsolwa.

Sidzingo semandla lencane sibhalwe kusigaba 13 (3)(b) seMtsetfo weMaphoyisa lobeka kutsi emandla angasetjentiswa kuphela liphoyisa ?
( uma lenta umsebenti walo; kanye
( nangabe liphoyisa litsetselelwa ngumtsetfo kutsi lisebentise emandla.
( Liphoyisa lingasebentisa emandla lesezingeni leliphasi kakhulu lehambisana nesimo ngalokwemukelekako.

2.8  KUSETJENTISWA KWEMANDLA KUSESHA UMUNTFU LOBANJIWE 

Ngekwemtsetfo jikelele kusesha kufanele kwentiwe kuphela ngekwencwadzi legunyata kusesha (sigaba 21 se-CPA) ngaphandle kwanangabe kunemtsetfo logunyata kutsi useshe ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya. Ngaphandle kwesigaba 22, 23 na-24 se-CPA kunaleminye iMitsetfo yePhalamende legunyata kutsi kuseshwe ngaphandle kwencwadzi legunyata kusesha.

Ngekwekubeka kwesigaba 23 (1)(a) se-CPA liphoyisa lingasesha umsolwa lelimbambe lona limemuke nobe yini intfo 

Lokubaluleke kakhulu
Kusesha titfo temtimba tangasese temuntfu lokulingemuva lakhe kanye nangembili esitfweni sewesifazane kumuntfu lobanjiwe kunesidzingo sekutsi kube nekusetjentiswa kwemandla kantsi loko kusesha kungentiwa ngumuntfu loceceshelwe tekwelapha (dokotela) nobe linesi lelibhaliswe ngekwemtsetfo, nako loko kutawentiwa ngobe kunesizatfu  lesicinile sekutsi kungenteka intfo leshitiwo kusigaba 20 kutsi ifihlwe kuleso sitfo semtimba.



Emanotsi 




























lokukhulunywa ngayo kusigaba 20 se-CPA letfolakala ikuye nobe ingephasi kwesandla sakhe nobe ilawulwa nguye umsolwa lobanjiwe.

Kufanele kutsi sikusho kutsi naloku sigaba 23(1)(a) se-CPA singakubeki ebaleni kugunyata kusetjentiswa kwemandla esesheni uma ngabe usifundza kanye nesigaba 27 se-CPA sifanele sitsatfwe ngekutsi sicondzise ekusebentiseni emandla uma ngabe lokusetjentiswa kwemandla kudzingeka ngalokwenetisako kutsi kwentiwe lolusesho.

Uma ngabe umuntfu lobanjiwe atinikela kutsi aseshwe emandla angete yasetjentiswa sanhlobo kulolo lusesho.

Uma ngabe umsolwa lobanjiwe ala seshwa emandla lelingene ngekwesidzingo sekuncoba lokwala ingasetjentiswa. Ekwenteni lomsebenti kusebentisa tindlela tekumkonobhela njengekumfasa ngetinsimbi kungentiwa.

Kuseshwa kwemuntfu lokugunyatiwe ngekweTigaba 21 na-22 te-CPA mayelana neludzaba lwekusetjentiswa kwemandla kufanele kuchutjwe ngendlela lefana ncamashi nendlela loseshwa ngayo ngekweSigaba 23(1)(a) se-CPA.

2.9 IVIDIYO NGEKUBAMBA UMSOLWA  

Kukhona ividiyo letsatsa emaminitsi lalishumi lemayelana nekubamba umsolwa.











































Umsebenti 2.8
10 emaminitsi


Emanotsi emfundzisi
Dlalela  bafundzi ividiyo lekhombisa kubamba umsolwa.
 


2.10 SIBUTSETELO/IMIBUTO

(  Ngutiphi tindlela tekucinisekisa kutsi umsolwa uba khona ecaleni lakhe enkantolo?
(  Uba nawo nini umsolwa lobanjiwe emalungelo lakusigaba 35(1), (2) na(4) kuMtsetfosisekelo?
? Nguwaphi emalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe?
? Itsini imitsetfo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla ngesikhatsi ubamba umsolwa, nekutsi acondzani?
? Umuntfu lobanjiwe ufanele atjelwe ngemalungelo akhe ?ngekushesha lokukhulu lokungenteka?. Ngabe kucondzani loko?
? Licondzani lilungelo lekubindza dvu?
? Ufanele aphatfwe njani umuntfu lobanjiwe? Ngusiphi sizatfu saloko? 

2.11 EMATHRANSPARENSI

( Kubamba umsolwa No 1: Sigaba 10 Sitfunti sebuntfu
( Kubamba umsolwa No 2: Inkhululeko nekuvikeleka kwemuntfu
( Kubamba umsolwa No 3: Emalungelo eluntfu emsolwa lobanjiwe
( Kubamba umsolwa No 4: Imitsetfo yekusetjentiswa kwemandla ngesikhatsi kubanjwa umsolwa
( Kubamba umsolwa No 5: Tintfo lokufanele tinakwe nakusetjentiswa emandla nakuboshwa umsolwa
( Kubamba umsolwa No 6: Tintfo letitawunakwa yinkantolo 
( Kubamba umsolwa No 7: Umsolwa lobalelako angadutjulwa kuphela nangabe letimo letisitfupha tentiwe.




Umsebenti 2.9
3 emaminitsi



Emanotsi emfundzisi
1. Ngemuva kwekubukwa kwalevidiyo niketa sikhatsi sekucoca nekwenta sibutsetelo.
2. Lemibuto ingasita ekuholeni lenchubo nasekutfoleni kutsi ngutiphi tintfo letingakentiwa.
3. Buka tinjongo letihamba embili bese nicoca ngato ngekusebentisa imibuto netimphendvulo. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi tonkhe tinjongo kuhlangabetwene nato.

Emanotsi





























( Umsebenti 2.2
( Umsebenti 2.3
( Umsebenti 2.4
( Umsebenti 2.5
( Umsebenti 2.6
( Umsebenti 2.7


2.12 IPHOSTA YEMALUNGELO EBANTFU LABABANJIWE

Kukhona iphosta yemalungelo ebantfu lababanjiwe. Lephosta ifanele kutsi inanyatsiselwe elubondzeni ngaphambi kwekucala sifundvo lesingekubopha umsolwa.



2.13 IMITFOMBO YELWATI NETINCWADZI LETINGAFUNDVWA

Buphoyisa neMalungelo eLuntfu: Sehluko 14 na15 (Policing and Human Rights: Chapters 14 and 15)
Kuphawula ngeMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala: Sehluko 5 (Commentary on Criminal Procedure Act: Chapter 5)
Incwadzi yekuChutjwa kweMacala: sehluko 7 (Criminal Procedure Handbook: 3rd edition: Chapter 7)  
















Emanotsi

















































SITFUNTI SEMUNTFU



Sigaba 10 seMtsetfosisekelo


Sitfunti semuntfu

10.Wonkhe umuntfu unesitfunti ngekwendalo kanye nelilungelo lekutsi sitfunti sakhe sihlonishwe siphindze sivikelwe.



































Ithransparensi: Kubamba umsolwa No 1


KUKHULULEKA NEKUVIKELEKA KWEMUNTFU


Sigaba 12 seMtsetfosisekelo: Inkhululeko kanye nekuvikeleka kwemuntfu

12. (1) Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekukhululeka kanye nekuvikeleka njengemuntfu lokufaka ekhatsi lilungelo-


(a) lekungemukwa inkhululeko ngalokungenasizatfu nobe ngalokungenambangela lefanele;


(b) lekungavalelwa angete atekiswa licala;


(c) lekungakhululeki kuto tonkhe tinhlobo tekuhlukumeteka lokungachamuka  esiveni nobe kulicala langasese;


(d) lekutsi angaviswa bahlungu nganobe nguyiphi indlela; kanye


(e) nelekungaphatfwa nobe lekungajeziswa ngesihluku, ngalokungakhombi buntfu nangalokwehlisa sitfunti sakhe. 

 









Ithransparensi: Kubamba umsolwa No 2




EMALUNGELO ELUNTFU EBASOLWA LABABANJIWE


? Kutjelwa ngetizatfu labanjelwe tona


? Kutjelwa ngawo onkhe emalungelo etemtsetfo lanawo


? Kubindza dvu (angatibophisi)


? Kungaphocelelwa kutsi avume licala nobe atikhulumele liciniso ngekungatitsandzeli


? Kufaka sicelo sebheyili


? Kuletfwa embikwenkantolo ngekushesha lokungakhonakala kepha kungabi ngemuva kwema-awa langu-48 abanjiwe


? Lilungelo lekukhuluma nemmeli


? Kuphatfwa ngesizotsa nangenhlonipho









Ithransparensi: Kubamba umsolwa No 3




IMITSETFO YEKUSETJENTISWA KWEMANDLA NAKUBANJWA UMSOLWA


? Sebentisa emandla lesezingeni leliphasi kabi


? Sebentisa emandla lehambisana nesilinganiso selicala


? Sebentisa emandla ledzingeke kuphumelelisa kubamba loko.

 

























Ithransparensi: Kubamba umsolwa No 4

TINTFO LOKUFANELE UTICAPHELE UMA USEBENTISA EMANDLA KUBAMBA UMSOLWA


? Ngabe lokusetjentiswa kwemandla bekulungile, kufanele kuphindze kusebenta?


? Lokusetjentiswa kwemandla kungatsetseleleka yini enkantolo yemtsetfo?


? Ngabe kusetjentiswa kwemandla kubangele kulimala lokuncane yini?























Ithransparensi: Kubamba umsolwa No 5


TINTFO LETITAWUNAKWA YINKANTOLO



? Ngabe kucalwe ngako yini kwetama indlela lengenako kulimata?


? Ngabe umgomo wekulinganisa emandla nesimo selicala kanye nekudzingeka kulandzelwe yini?


? Ngabe liphoyisa liyisebentisile yini indlela yekutitsiba ekusebentiseni sibhamu?


? Kusebentisa sibhamu kumuntfu kusinyatselo lesikhulu kabi: Ngabe kuloku sisetjentiswe njengesinyatselo sekugcina yini?


















Ithransparensi: Kubamba umsolwa No 6




UMSOLWA LOBALEKAKO ANGADUTJULWA KUPHELA UMA NGABE SEKUHLANGABETWENE NALETIMO LETISITFUPHA:


Khumbula: Uma kungesiso sidzingo kutsi usebentise sibhamu musa kusisebentisa sanhlobo.
1. Umsolwa usolwa ngekutsi wente licala lelimatima lelibhalwe eluhlwini lwemtsetfomgomo wemaphoyisa. Yenta siciniseko sekutsi unekhophi yalombhalo uwati ngengcondvo ngalokukhulu kucaphela.

2. Liphoyisa letama kubamba umuntfu losolwa ngekutsi wente loluhlobo lwelicala.


3. Umsolwa uyati kutsi leliphoyisa letama kumbambela loluhlobo lwelicala.

4. Kute lenye indlela yekubamba lomsolwa.

5. Liphoyisa limecwayisile umsolwa kutsi litamdubula uma ngabe angemi; umsolwa yena akakasinaki leso secwayiso.

6. Timphilo talabanye bantfu angeke tibe sengotini uma kuba nekudubula.

Uma ngabe umsolwa angemi kufanele kutsi ucale ngekudubula emoyeni wentele kumecwayisa, kepha ukwenta loko kuphela uma ungeke ufake engotini imphilo yalomunye umuntfu. Uma ngabe umsolwa asolo angemi sewungadubula-ke. Ufanele kutsi wetame kumdubula etincenyeni temtimba letifana nemlente, lapho khona ingete yambulala inhlavu umsolwa.





Ithransparensi: Kubamba umsolwa No 7




UMSEBENTI 2.2


? Yini injongo yekumbamba?



? Kushoni kutsi ?umuntfu utsatfwa njengalongenalicala??




? Ngutiphi letinye tindlela tekwenta siciniseko sekutsi umsolwa uba khona ecaleni lakhe enkantolo? 

 



























Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.2


UMSEBENTI 2.3



? Nguyiphi indlela lengiyo yekubamba umuntfu?



? Nguwaphi emalungelo kanye netibopho tebantfu lababanjiwe?



? Ngutiphi tibopho temaphoyisa ngesikhatsi abamba umsolwa?



? Yini lokufanele liphoyisa likutjele umuntfu lobanjwako ngesikhatsi limbamba?






















Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.3




UMSEBENTI 2.4



? Angasifaka nini sicelo sebheyili umuntfu lobanjiwe kanye nekutsi angasifaka kuphi?


 




































Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.4

UMSEBENTI 2.5



?  Nguwaphi emalungelo emuntfu lobanjiwe langancishiswa?



? Angancishiswa kanjani lamalungelo?







 




























Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.5

UMSEBENTI 2.6



? Bamba ingcoco jikelele ngetigaba letehlukene tekusetjentiswa kwemandla ngesikhatsi kubanjwa umuntfu kusukela kumandla lencane lengasetjentiswa.



































Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 2.6
UMSEBENTI 2.7




? Liphoyisa lingamdubula nini umsolwa lobalekela kubanjwa?





? Ingasetjentiswa yini emandla kusesha umuntfu lobanjiwe?




     
SEHLUKO 5

      
      
      
      
    Kusesha  
    nekutsatsa imphahla


LOKUCUKETFWE
KUSESHA NEKUTSATSA IMPHAHLA

5.
Luhlelo lwesifundvo
5.1
Tinjongo
5.2
Singeniso
5.3
Nguyiphi imitsetfo lesebenta 
uma kuseshwa kutsatfwa nemphahla
5.4
Umtsetfo ngekucindzeteleka kwemalungelo
 kusesha nekutsatsa imphahla
5.5
Kusesha ngencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha
Sigaba 21 na-25 we-CPA
5.6
Imiphumela yekusesha ngalokungemtsetfo
nobe kusesha lokwengca 
timiso tencwadzi yeligunya
5.7
Kusesha ngaphandle kwencwadzi
 legunyata kusesha
5.8
Emanotsi jikelele ngekutiphatsa kwemaphoyisa 
ngesikhatsi asesha atsatsa nemphahla
5.9
Kusetjentiswa kwemandla uma kuseshwa 
kutsatfwa nemphahla
5.9.1
Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kungena endzaweni letoseshwa
5.9.2
Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kusesha umuntfu
5.9.3
Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kusesha indzawo 
 nekutsatsa imphahla 
5.10
Ividiyo lemayelana nekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla
5.11
Sibutsetelo/Imibuto
5.12
Emathransparensi
5.13
Imitfombo yelwati kanye nemibhalo 
lenconywa kutsi uyifundze
 

KUSESHA NEKUTSATSA IMPHAHLA
60 EMAMINITSI LUHLELO LWESIFUNDVO 



Lokucuketfwe
Lokutawentiwa 


5.1 Tinjongo

5.2 Singeniso

5.3 Nguyiphi imitsetfo lesebenta uma kuseshwa kutsatfwa imphahla

5.4 Umtsetfo nekucindzeteleka kwemalungelo   kusesha nekutsatsa imphahla

5.5 Kusesha ngencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha
Sigaba 21 na-25 se-CPA

5.6 Imiphumela yekusesha
ngalokungemtsetfo
nobe kusesha lokwengca timiso tencwadzi yeligunya

5.7 Kusesha ngaphandle kwencwadzi legunyata kusesha

5.8 Emanotsi jikelele ngekutiphatsa kwemaphoyisa 
ngesikhatsi asesha atsatsa imphahla nemphahla

5.9 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla uma kuseshwa 




Umsebenti 5.1 Fundza tinjongo

Umsebenti 5.2 Emacembu ekubhunga, ekucocisana

Umsebenti 5.3
Q&A, kucocisana










Umsebenti 5.4 Umtsetfo welicala





Umsebenti 5.5 Q&A 

Umtsetfo lovetwa licala, kucocisana


Umsebenti 5.6 Q&A, kucocisana



Umsebenti 5.7 Kucocisana jikelele






 Sikhatsi
2 emaminitsi



20 emaminitsi


7 emaminitsi











6 emaminitsi






2 emaminitsi




2 emaminitsi




7 emaminitsi






kutsatfwa nemphahla

5.9.1 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kungena endzaweni letoseshwa
 
5.9.2 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kusesha umuntfu 

5.9.3 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kusesha indzawo  nekutsatsa imphahla 

5.10 Ividiyo lemayelana nekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla

5.11 Sibutsetelo/
Imibuto











































Umsebenti 5.8

Ividiyo mayelana nekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla

Umsebenti 5.9 Imibuto, kucocisana











































10 emaminitsi




4 emaminitsi





5.1 TINJONGO

Ngemuva kwekucedza lesehluko  bafundzi batawukwati kubonisa  kuvisisa kanye nekuhlonipha loku-
( emalungelo emuntfu loseshwako
( emalungelo emuntfu loseshwa indzawo nobe emphahla yakhe;
(kuphazamisa lamalungelo ngalokunesizatfu ngekusebentisa imigomo kanye netinkhombakwenta lokuboniswana ngato ngesikhatsi semboniso wekufanekisa ngekulandzela uMbhalo weMalungelo eLuntfu; kanye
(nemiphumela yekusesha ngalokungahambisani  neMtsetfosisekelo

5.2 SINGENISO

Kusesha kanye nekutsatfwa kwemphahla kutento leticindzetela kamatima emalungelo emuntfu. UMtsetfosisekelo uniketa siciniseko sekutsi umuntfu ngamunye unelilungelo lekuba nelingasese (sigaba 14 seMtsetfosisekelo) kanye nelilungelo lekukhululeka nekuvikeleka kwakhe umuntfu (sigaba 12 seMtsetfosisekelo). Lamalungelo asho kutsi Umbuso (emaphoyisa) angete asesha likhaya, imphahla nobe umtimba wemuntfu, nekutsi angete akutsatsela imphahla yakho, avula liposi lakho nobe atsebula kukhuluma kwakho elucingweni ngaphandle kwekuniketwa ligunya ngumtsetfo. Kubalulekile kutsi sikhanyelwe kutsi kute kulamalungelo laphelela lapho nje njengobe ahamba abe nemikhawulo. Uma kunetinsolo letinetizatfu tekutsi wente licala nobe kunetizatfu leticinile tekutsi kube nekukholwa kutsi  imphahla isetjentiswe ekuchubeni lica  nobe inganiketa bufakazi  bekutsi licala lentiwe nobe kutsi 
                                                                     Umsebenti 5.1
2 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
 Indzima 5.1


Tinjongo  
Inhloso yalomsebenti kubeka ebaleni  tinjongo talomgamu



Ematsi emfundzisi
( Fundzela bafundzi letinjongo.
( Babute kutsi bayativisisa yini letinjongo.
( Tichaze uma ngabe kudzingeka.      































itawusetjentiselwa kwenta licala, uMtsetfosisekelo (sigaba 36 seMtsetfosisekelo) siyasho kutsi emalungelo emuntfu ekuba nelingasese  nenkhululeko  kanye nekuvikeleka  angancishiswa nguMtsetfo loshaywe yiPhalamende sibonelo UMtsetfo weNchubo yeMacala wanga-1977 (uMtsetfo 57 wanga-1977) loniketa ligunya lekutsi kwentiwe loku. Loku kungentiwa singabekisa nje, uma ngabe umuntfu uyaseshwa, uma ngabe indlu yakhe iyaseshwa  nobe nangabe imphahla yakhe uyitsatselwa ngekwemtsetfo.

Khumbula kutsi emaphoyisa angachuba  lusesho atsatse nemphahla kuphela uma ngabe agunyatwe ngumtsetfo kutsi ente loko.  Kubalulekile kutsi lawo maphoyisa asebentise lawo mandla labukene ngco nekwenta lowo msebenti loshiwo ngulomtsetfo aphindze ente siciniseko sekutsi emalungelo emuntfu akephulwa. Uma ngabe liphoyisa lenta umsebenti walo ngekulandzela lokushiwo ngumtsetfo  lokucindzetelwa  (kuncishiswa ) kwemalungelo  emuntfu kutawuba ngelokwentiwe ngalokusemtsetfweni (lokunetizatfu letifanele).

Kusesha kanye nekutsatsa imphahla yemuntfu kungacindzetela  lawa emkhatsini walamanye emalungelo:
( Lilungelo lesitfunti sebuntfu (sigaba 10 seMtsetfosisekelo). 
Tibonelo: Kumsesha nakutitfo tangasese nobe kumsesha emtimbeni).
( Lilungelo lekukhululeka kanye nekuvikeleka kwemuntfu (sigaba 12 seMtsetfosisekelo)
( Lilungelo lekuba nelingasese (sigaba 14 seMtsetfosisekelo)
(Tibonelo: kuchumana, kusesha titfo tangasese nobe kusesha emtimbeni)

Umsebenti 5.2               
 20 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe 
Tindzima 5.2, 5.3 kanye na 5.4  


Tinjongo 
Injongo yalomsebenti kwenta bafundzi  bacabange ngemiphumela leletfwa kusesha nekutsatsa imphahla kumalungelo emuntfu .

1. Singeniso: 2 emaminitsi
2. Emacembu ekubhunga: 5 emaminitsi
3. Kwetfula umbiko: 10 emaminitsi
4. Kucoca jikelele: 3 emaminitsi

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1.Tjela bafundzi bacocisane  ngalokulandzelako kumacembu abo ekubhunga.
(Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.2.)
( Bhala tibonelo temalungelo langacindzetelwa seshwa nekutsatselwa imphahla.
( Batjele babuke umtsetfo wekucindzeteleka kwemalungelo kulikhasi 6 leNcwadzi yekuSebentela bahlole kutsi kusesha nekutsatsela umuntfu imphahla  kungabonakala njengetento leticindzetela emalungelo emuntfu ngalokunesizatfu yini.
( Tjela bafundzi bakunike tibonelo temitsetfo (umtsetfo lolandzelwa jikelele) wekulawula kusesha nekutsatsa imphahla yemuntfu.
2.Bente babike. Tjela munye wabo avolontiye kutsi abhale emalungelo langaphazamiseka kufiliphushadi  (umbhalo wetindzaba) nobe kubhulekibhodi libe licembu letfula umbiko.
3.Cocisanani ngekusebenta kwalomtsetfo wekucindzetelwa kwemalungelo.
4.Phetsa ngekucoca jikelele.
Ngako-ke kufanele kutsi wente siciniseko sekutsi uchuba lomsebenti ngekulandzela umtsetfo losebentako sibonelo kungaba nguMtsetfo wePhalamende kanye neMtsetfosisekelo.

Khumbula:
Umuntfu unemalungelo  lagunyatwe nguMtsetfosisekelo, ngisho nobe ngabe seshwa umuti kutsatfwa nemphahla yakhe umuntfu. Kubalulekile kutsi tento temaphoyisa tiphelele emikhawulweni yemtsetfo. Uma ngabe emalungelo emuntfu acindzetelwa ngekutsi aseshwe atsatselwe imphahla,  loko kucindzeteleka kwemalungelo kufanele kutsi kugcinwe kusezingeni leliphasi ngalokungakhonakala.

5.3 UMTSETFO WEKUCINDZETELEKA  KWEMALUNGELO KUSESHA NEKUTSATSA IMPHAHLA 
 
Uma ngabe kukhona linye lemalungelo lakuMbhalo weMalungelo eLuntfu leliba nekucindzeteleka ngekutsi kuseshwe kuphindze kutsatfwe imphahla, loko kucindzeteleka kungalingwa ngekukucatsanisa netimiso temtsetfo wekucindzeteleka kwemalungelo.

Kusesha nekutsatsa imphahla kanye nekusetjentiswa kwesigaba 36 (1) seMtsetfosisekelo kungatsatfwa ngalendlela lelandzelako:

( Lokucindzeteleka kufanele kube nguloko lokungephasi kwemtsetfo losebentako jikelele. Loko kusho kutsi kufanele kube 






 
( Sigaba 36 kuNcwadzi yekuSebentela, likhasi 6
( Ithransparensi: Singeniso: No1
( Incwadzi yekuSebentela, likhasi 20.
( Sigaba 36 kuSehluko 2 seMtsetfosisekelo   





































nemtsetfo loshaywe sishayamtsetfo sembuso(loko kufaka ekhatsi uMtsetfo wePhalamende, tilawulo, imitsetfo letimiso, imitsetfo yekusebenta etindzaweni) nobe umtsetfo losebenta jikelele. Eludzabeni lwekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla umtsetfo longuwona usebenta jikelele kutawuba nguMtsetfo weKuchutjwa Kwemacala wanga-1977, uMtsetfo weTikhali nekuHloma wanga-1969 (uMtsetfo No. 75 wanga-1969) nobe uMtsetfo weTidzakamiva nekuShushunjiswa kwato  wanga-1992 (Umtsetfo No. 140 wanga-1992) Sigaba 13 seMtsetfo weMaphoyisa eNingizimu Afrika wanga-1995 (Umtsetfo No. 68 wanga-1995) njll.  

( Emalungelo angacindzeteleka ate efike  lapho lokucindzeteleka kuba sesigabeni lokusolo kwemukeleka kuso. Loko kusho kutsi lokucindzeteleka kufanele kube ngulokwemukelako ngephasi kwaleto timo lokwentiwa kuto lokusesha. Uma ngabe ikhona lenye indlela lengenta emalungelo acindzetele kancane kunaloku ibe itawenta kutfolakale umphumela lofanako liphoyisa alisebentise leyo ndlela. Inhloso yalokutawutfolwa ngiyo letawuniketa tizatfu talolusesho. Ngako-ke,  lokucindzeteleka kutawuba ngulokuphasi ngalokwemukelekako. Emaphoyisa akafanele kutsi amane nje acindzetele emalungelo emuntfu ngalokungakadzingeki.

Lokucindzeteleka kufanele kutsi kube ngulokunetizatfu emphakatsini lovulekile nalonentsandvo yelinyenti 

Emanotsi
                
















































lesekelwe sitfunti sebuntfu, kulingana, kanye nekukhululeka.
Loko kusho kutsi kufanele ukwati kwesekela  lokwentile enkantolo yemtsetfo nawusesha utsatsa imphahla. Umphakatsi lovulekile nalonentsandvo yelinyenti usho kutsi emaphoyisa kuleminye imiphakatsi lenentsandvo yelinyenti afanele ente ngekufana  ngephasi kwetimo letifanako. Ufanele kutsi ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi uphatse wonkhe umuntfu ngendlela lenesizotsa nangendlela lengabhekeke nakulamanye emaphoyisa. Akufanele kutsi ubandlulule nobe ngumuphi umuntfu. Khumbula kutsi umuntfu utsatfwa njengalongenacala kuze kube kutsi inkantolo yemtsetfo  imtfola analo vele licala.

( Ngekwekusho kwesigaba 36(1) (a) kuya ku (e) inchubomgomo yekulinganisa ngekwesimo iyasebenta. Loko kusho kutsi  nobe ngukuphi kucindzetela emalungelo emuntfu emgomeni wekuba nelingasese kufanele kuhambisane(kulingane) neluhlobo nekushuba kwekulimata lokubangele lokucindzeteleka. Ngako-ke, kufanele kutsi kube nekulingana emkhatsini welilungelo lalomuntfu lekuba nelingasese kanye nelizinga lalokucindzeteleka  kwemalungelo lanawo. Emalungelo afanele kutsi acindzetelwe ngalokuphasi kabi. Inhloso kufanele ihambisane nesimo salokusesha (kucindzeteleka kwelilungelo).
























































5.4 NGUYIPHI IMITSETFO LELAWULA KUSESHA NEKUTSATSA IMPHAHLA

( UMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala wanga-1977 (UMtsetfo No. 57 wanga-1977)

( Letinye tishayamtsetfo tifaka ekhatsi UMtsetfo weTikhali nekuHloma wanga-1969 (UMtsetfo No. 75 wanga-1969) UMtsetfo wetiDzakamiva nekuShushumbiswa Kwato  wanga-1992 (UMtsetfo No. 140 wanga-1992) 
UMtsetfo wekuLawula Bachamuki wanga-1991 (UMtsetfo 96 wanga-1991) UMtsetfo weKwebiwa kweMfuyo wanga-1959 (UMtsetfo No 57 wanga-1959)
Kanye neSigaba 13 seMtsetfo weMaphoyisa eNingizimu Afrika wanga- 1995 (UMtsetfo No. 68 wanga- 1995).  

       























Emanotsi



































                           	

5.5 KUSESHA UNENCWADZI LEGUNYATA KUSESHA: SIGABA 21 NA 25 SE-CPA

Lilungelo lekuba nelingasese lilungelo lebuntfu lelimcoka kabi. Ngiko nje kuvikeleka ekutsini lilungelo lemuntfu lekuba nelikhwace lingete lacindzetelwa ngalokungenasizatfu nobe ngalokungete kwatsetseleleka limcoka kakhulu kabi. Kute kube nekuhlala  kucashelwe kuvikeleka kwemalungelo eluntfu nekwenta siciniseko kutsi  emaphoyisa enta lokusemtsetfweni kumcoka kutsi utfole incwadzi yeligunya ngaphambi kwekusesha nekutsatsela umuntfu imphahla yakhe. Sigaba 21(1) se-CPA siniketa kuvikeleka ngobe sitsi imphahla ?utawutsatselwa yona ngekutsi kube nencwadzi legunyata seshwa.? Leyo ncwadzi yeligunya ingakhishwa kuphela ngulosebenta ngemtsetfo (somtsetfo), lokungaba yimantji nobe sohhovisi wekuthula (lokufaka ekhatsi liphoyisa leSAPS leligunyatwe ngekwemandla kutsi lente loko). Somtsetfo utawuhlolisisa imininingwano lebekwe embikwakhe  ngekwencwadzi lefungelwe bese usebentisa kubona kwakhe kutsi ngabe kusesha kufanele yini kutsi kwentiwe lokutawuba ngulapho losomtsetfo akhipha khona incwadzi legunyata kusesha loko. Kutfola incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha ngako kusebenta njengekwekuvimbela kutsi kungabi nekucindzetelwa kwemalungelo ekuba nelikhwace ngalokungenasizatfu nalokungafanele njengobe indlela lokutawentiwa ngayo lolusesho kutawuba ngulokweluswe kunakisisa ngalokutimele.

Incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha kuba ncono uma ngabe itfolakele kusomtsetfo (imantji nobe lijaji). Emaphoyisa lanikwe emandla ekukhipha tincwadzi taloluhlobo 
Umsebenti 5.3
7 emaminitsi


Indzima lecondziwe
Indzima 5.5


Tinjongo
Injongo yalomsebenti kucoca ngekusesha ube unencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha.


Emanotsi emfundzisi
1.Bamba ingcoco jikelele mayelana nalemibuto lelandzelako.
(Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.3)
( Ungayitfola kuphi incwadzi yekugunyata kusesha?
( Nguluphi lwati lokufanele lube kuncwadzi yesicelo sencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha?
( Coca ngaloko lokutawutfolakala encwadzini yeligunya lekusesha?
( Kungentiwa nini kusesha?
( Kufanele yini kutsi unike umnikati nobe lohlala kulendzawo letewuseshwa ikhophi yencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha?
2. Butsetela


Tintfo lotatisebentisa nawubutsetela
( Sebentisa ithransparensi: Kusesha No. 1
( Sebentisa ithransparensi: Kusesha No. 2



Emanotsi







nawo anemandla ekukhipha lencwadzi yeligunya kepha akufanele kutsi  abe ngulatsintseka kuloluphenyo lolufunelwa incwadzi yeligunya. Leliphoyisa kufuneka libe ngulelitimele lingabi nelicala lelilivunako kuloludzaba khona litewutsatsa sincumo sekutsi lingayikhipha yini incwadzi yeligunya nobe cha kube kuya ngekwemininingwano lebekwe  phambi kwalo. Emaphoyisa lanemandla ekukhipha incwadzi yeligunya agunyatiwe kwenta loko kantsi emaphoyisa akufanele kutsi angabate kusebentisa leyo ndlela kutfola incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha ikakhulu uma ngabe kungekho imantji lengatfolakala madvute. Incwadzi yeligunya letfolakale kumantji kanye naletfolakele ephoyiseni lelinemandla aloku tiyalingana ngemandla ekusebenta. Kuncono kabi kutsi uyosesha unencwadzi yeligunya lekhishwe liphoyisa lelinemandla ekwenta loku kunekutsi uyosesha ungenayo sanhlobo.

Sicelo sencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha sifanele kutsi sibe nalolwati lolufungelwe loluniketa tizatfu letemukelekako kutsi-
( kunelicala lelentiwe nobe lelitawentiwa;
( tintfo letitsite tiyabandzakanyeka ecaleni nobe ecaleni lelifuna kwentiwa nobe tingaba bufakazi bekwentiwa kwelicala; Sigaba 20 se-CPA; nekutsi
( leto tintfo tikumuntfu lotsite nobe tisendzaweni letsite.

Incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha iniketa  ligunya lekusesha umuntfu loshitiwo nobe indzawo leshitiwo kanye netimphahla letitsite.

( Incwadzi yeligunya ichaza lendzawo leyoseshwa.



Emanotsi














































( Incwadzi yeligunya isho lomuntfu loyoseshwa (loku kungafaka nobe ngumuphi umuntfu lotfolakala kulendzawo.)
( Incwadzi yeligunya ifanele yentiwe emini ngaphandle kwanangabe kugunyatwe lokwehlukile ngemuva kwekutsi liphoyisa libeke sizatfu lesicinile sekutsi kungani sentiwe ebusuku.
( Incwadzi yeligunya itawuba nguloku inemandla ekusebenta kute kube kutsi seyisetjentisiwe nobe ihociswe nguloyo loyikhiphile nobe-ke ngulomunye lonemandla lafana nawaloyo.
( Ngemuva kwekutsi kwentiwe lusesho ikhophi yencwadzi yeligunya ifanele kutsi iniketwe umuntfu lokutsikanyetwe emalungelo akhe. Loku ngalokwetayelekile kutawuba ngumnikati wendzawo nobe lohlala kulendzawo nobe-ke loyo loseshiwe.
( Incwadzi yeligunya ifanele isebente ngekwekusho kwalokubhalwe kuyo lencwadzi.
( Lokusesha kufanele kutsi ngekwemgomo jikelele kwentiwe akhona umnikati nobe umhlali wakulendzawo. 

5.6 IMIPHUMELA YEKUSESHA NGALOKUNGEMTSETFO NOBE KUSESHA LOKWENGCA LOKUGUNYATWA YINCWADZI YELIGUNYA

Lizinga lekushuba kwendlela tiphatsimandla letibuka ngayo kuphazamisa ngalokungekho emtsetfweni lilungelo lekuba nelingasese lemuntfu liphindze libonakale kahle kulokushiwo sigaba 28 se-CPA. Lesigaba sibeka kutsi liphoyisa lelenta lokuphambene nekugunyatwa kwalo yincwadzi yeligunya, nobe lelisesha nobe litsatsele umuntfu tintfo takhe 




































Umsebenti 5.4
6 emaminitsi


Indzima lecondziwe
Indzima 5.6


Tinjongo
Injongo yalomsebenti kucoca ngemiphumela yekusesha ngalokungemtsetfo nobe kusesha wendlule sigunyato losinikwa yincwadzi yeligunya.

ngaphandle kwekugunyatwa 
litawutfolakala linelicala.
Loyo lohlukumeteke ngaleso sento lesingekho emtsetfweni utawube anelilungelo lekutsi angabeka emaphoyisa licala lelisivili (civil) lokulicala lelifaka kuhlawula ngetindleko.
Sigaba 28 asifaki ekhatsi lokungaba tibito tekubhadalwa letingabekwa  kumangalela liphoyisa lelente loko kusesha nekutsatsela umuntfu imphahla ngalokungemtsetfo. Sifaka ekhatsi emacala emtsetfo webantfu bonkhe lafana nekwehlisa sitfunti, kushaya, kulimata ngesihluku imphahla kanye nekuntjontja.

Lesinye simamnyango nobe inkinga kutsi  sigaba 35 (5) seMtsetfosisekelo sibeka kutsi bufakazi lobutfolakele  ngekwephula lilungelo lelimcoka lebuntfu bufanele  bungangeniswa ekutekeni lelo licala uma ngabe kwemukelwa kwabo kutawenta kutsi lelicala lingabi ngulelihambe ngalokungavuni muntfu nobe butawulimata kuchutjwa kwebulungiswa. Loko kusho kutsi lobufakazi ete bemukelwa enkantolo. Umphumela waloko kungaba kutsi umbekwacala aphume embili kulelicala.

5.7 KUSESHA NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADZI YELIGUNYA: SIGABA 22 SE-CPA

Umtsetfo jikelele ufanele kutsi useshe ngencwadzi yeligunya. Njengobe kusesha nekutsatsela umuntfu imphahla kukucindzetela kwelilungelo lemuntfu lekuba nelingasese,  umtsetfo wekutsi kudzingeke ube nencwadzi yeligunya nawusesha yindlela lesemtsetfweni yekuvimba loku. Kudzinga kutsi lamaciniso lakhona 



Emanotsi emfundzisi
Tjela bafundzi baphendvule imibuto lelandzelako:
(Sebentisa ithransparensi :Umsebenti 5.4)
( Kuba yini umphumela wekusesha ngalokungemtsetfo?
( Ngabe tinkantolo tayabemukela yini bufakazi lobutfolakele ngekusesha ngalokungemtsetfo?

Umtsetfo lovetwa licala

Ecaleni la S v Mayekiso en Andere 1996 (3) All SA 121 (C) liphoyisa leliphenya lelicala langena lapho kuhlala khona umbekwacala wekucala ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha latsatsa tintfo letitsite letatifaka naleto letatisesikhwameni lesasisembekwacala wesitsatfu. Umbekwacala wekucala wayiniketa imvumo yekutsi ingaseshwa indzawo lahlala kuyo, kepha babungekho bufakazi bekutsi umbekwacala wesitsatfu wayinika  imvumo yekutsi kuseshwe sikhwama sakhe. Inkantolo yatsi lesento seliphoyisa lebeliphenya lelicala sibe  ?kuhlukumeta ngemabomu nangenhloso? lilungelo lelisisekelo lembekwacala wesitsatfu lekuba nelingasese. Inkantolo yachubeka yatsi abukho bufakazi bekutsi kunekuchumana kwaletimphahla letitsetfwe esikhwameni sembekwacala wesitsatfu  kanye nemacala labasolwa ngawo, nekutsi  lenhloso lelisolwa ngekuba nayo liphoyisa leliphenya  lelicala bekungeke kutsatfwe ngekutsi likwente ngobe lihlose kubhidlita emandla ebufakazi baletimphahla.   





acale abukwe  ngumuntfu lotsembekile nalocotfo lokufanele ancume kutsi lenkholelo yeliphoyisa yekutsi kuyoseshwa kuphindze 
kutsatfwe netintfo ifanele yini nobe ingiyo yini. Lena ndlela yekuvimbela  
lenchubo noko iyeciwa uma ngabe kube kusesha  kwentiwe ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya kube kunetizatfu leticinile kutsi kwentiwe lolusesho kanjalo ingekho indlela lengenteka kutsi kutfolakale  incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha. Kuletinye timo kusuke kungeke kwenteke kutsi kutfolakale incwadzi yeligunya,   sibonelo uma ngabe lesimo sidzinga kutsi kuyoseshwa ngekushesha kwentela kutsi lobufakazi bungete bashabalala. Kukhona umtsetfo lowesekela loko sib. sigaba 22 se-CPA lesimayelana nekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla nakutawentiwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya.

Letinye tikhatsi lapho khona liphoyisa lingenta umsebenti wekusesha ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya.

( Ngesikhatsi sekumbamba
Emaphoyisa afanele kutsi amseshe umuntfu nakambamba. Loko kwenteka ingekho incwadzi yeligunya. Sigaba 23 se-CPA siyakwesekela seshwa kwemuntfu lobanjiwe kanye nendzawo yakhe uma ngabe lomuntfu abanjwe asesimeni lesitsite. Sizatfu saloko kuvimbela simo, nekutsi yena lombekwacala losabanjiwe angete  atilimata, kanjalo nesimo sekutsi liphoyisa nobe ngumuphi lomunye umuntfu angatikhandzi sekahlaselwa, kanye nekutfola bufakazi bekubamba lomuntfu lobanjiwe.

( Kunika imvumo
Naloku tidzingo tekwenta lutfo ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya tifanana netekwenta loku ube 
Umsebenti 5.5
2 emaminitsi 

Indzima lecondziwe
Indzima 5.7

Injongo
Injongo yalomsebenti kucoca ngekusesha ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya.

Imibuto netimphendvulo
(sebentisa ithransparensi:Umsebenti 5.5)
Ngabe liphoyisa lingawenta yini umsebenti wekusesha ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya, lingakwenta nini loko?

Umtsetfo lovetwa licala
Ecaleni la S v Motloutsi 1996(1) SACR 78 (C) inkantolo yancuma kutsi  lapho khona kuneliphoyisa lelinikwe emandla ekukhipha sigunyato, indzaba yekutsi bekungatfolakali imantji angeke itsatfwe njengesizatfu sekutitsetselela kutsi liphoyisa lingatfoli incwadzi yeligunya.

Sigaba 22 seMtsetfo wekuChutjwa kweMacala:
Timo lapho khona imphahla ingatsatfwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha

Liphoyisa kungatsi nobe lingenayo incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha nobe ngumuphi umuntfu nobe indzawo lephatsa lokutsite, nobe indzawo yekuhlala ngenhloso yekutsatsa imphahla letsite leshitiwo kusigaba 20-
(a)Uma umuntfu locondzene nalendzawo aniketa imvumo yalolusesho kanye nekutsatfwa kwemphahla leyo, nobe uma umuntfu longaniketa imvumo yalolusesho nekutsatfwa kwemphahla leyo avuma kutsi kuseshwe kwekuphatsa nobe indzawo kanye nekutsatfwa  
unencwadzi yeligunya, tinkantolo tivame kutsi  tibuke emacala lanjalo
ngekwehluka nekutsi tenta siciniseko sekutsi tonkhe tidzingo kuhlangabetwana  nato uma seshwa ngaphandle kwencwadzi. Inkantolo iyaye ibe nekucinisa sandla ngobe kusuke kusho kutsi akukabi khona umuntfu lotimele ekutsatseni sincumo saloludzaba.

5.8 EMANOTSI JIKELELE NGEKUTIPHATSA KWEMAPHOYISA NGESIKHATSI ASESHA APHINDZE ATSATSA IMPHAHLA   
Konkhe kusesha kanye nekutsatsa imphahla lokwentiwako kufanele kutsi kwentiwa kube kucatjangwa ngesitfunti sebuntfu. Loko kusho kutsi kufanele kutsi uphatse labantfu kanye nalemphahla loyitsatsako ngesizotsa kantsi akufanele kube nekulimata imphahla nobe kutihlikita lokungadzingeki. Sinyatselo lokufanele utetayete sona sekutsi uphatse bantfu nemphahla yabo ngendlela nawe longatsandza kuphatfwa ngayo esimeni lesifana nalesi. Loku kuhambisana neSigaba 10 seMtsetfosisekelo. I-CPA iphindze inikete tinkhombandlela tekwenta siciniseko sekutsi  kusesha nekutsatsa imphahla konkhe lokwentiwako kuhlangabetana netidzingo tesizotsa sebuntfu. (Sigaba 29 se-CPA)

Kusesha emtimbeni kufanele kwentiwe ekusitseleni uma ngabe kuyenteka. Loko kwentelwa siciniseko sekutsi uvikele sitfunti saloyo muntfu. Uma ngabe lingekho liphoyisa lesifazane kutsi liseshe  umsolwa wesifazane, liphoyisa lesilisa lingacela nobe ngumuphi  umfati emphakatsini kutsi atewusesha lona wesifazane umsolwa.


kwemphahla leyo  lecondziwe; nobe
(b)uma ngabe ngetizatfu letemukelekako akholwela ekutsini-
(i) kutsi incwadzi legunyata lusesho itawuniketwa yena ngephasi kwendzima (a) yesigaba 21 (1) uma ngabe afaka sicelo saleyo ncwadzi yeligunya; kanye nekutsi
(ii) kubambeleleka kwekutfola leyo ncwadzi yeligunya kutawuphazamisa injongo yalolusesho. 


Umsebenti 5.6
2 emaminitsi


Indzima lecondziwe
Indzima 5.8
 

Imibuto netimphendvulo 

Tjela bafundzi kutsi baphendvule lemibuto lelandzelako:
(Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti  5.6)
( Liphoyisa lesilisa lingamsesha yini umuntfu wesifazane?
( Uma ngabe kungekho liphoyisa lesifazane  lifanele lenteni liphoyisa lesilisa?

Tintfo lotatisebentisa ngesikhatsi ubutsetela   
( Ithransparensi: Kusesha No. 4
( Sigaba 29 se-CPA


Sigaba 29 seMtsetfo Wekuchutjwa Kwemacala






Lokubalulekile
Kusesha lokusondzele kakhulu etitfweni temtimba tangasese lokusho kusesha sitfo sangembili kuwesifazane kanye nesibunu loko kungentiwa kuphela ngudokotela. Kusesha lokunjalo kungentiwa kuphela uma ngabe kunesizatfu lesicinile sekukholwela ekutsini lentfo lekubhekiswe kuyo kusigaba 20 seCPA ifihlwe kuleso sitfo semtimba kulomuntfu lobanjiwe.


5.9 KUSETJENTISWA KWEMANDLA NGESIKHATSI SEKUSESHA NEKUTSATSA IMPHAHLA

Liphoyisa  lelingasesha ngalokusemtsetfweni umuntfu nobe nguyiphi indzawo nobe lelingangena endzaweni ngenhloso yekutfola bufakazi lingasebentisa emandla lebonakala idzingekile ngalokulingene leso simo kuncoba nobe ngukuphi kuvinjelwa lokutawube kumvimba kutsi angangeni kutewenta loko kusesha (sigaba 27 se-CPA). Loko kusho kutsi liphoyisa lingasebentisa emandla lokubonakala idzingekile ngalokulingene simo. Ledzingeke kulingana leso simo kucondze kutsi uma ungakudzingi kusetjentiswa kwemandla ungayisebentisi sanhlobo. Ungasebentisa emandla ledzingekile kuncoba bungoti nobe kukuvimba  hhayi lokunye ngetulu kwaloko (sigaba 13 seMtsetfo we-SAPS: Emandla  lencane kabi).

5.9.1 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kungena endzaweni 

Ngekwesigaba 27 se-CPA liphoyisa lingasebentisa emandla ledzingekile kungena endzaweni kuyosesha. Ngaphambi kwekusetjentiswa kwemandla nobe nguyiphi liphoyisa lifanele kutsi likhulume kuvakale kutsi lifuna 

Seshwa kwanobe ngumuphi umuntfu nobe indzawo yakhe kutawentiwa ngekucaphela ikakhulu ngesizotsa nangendlela lefanele, kantsi umuntfu longumfati kufanele aseshwe kuphela liphoyisa lesifazane, uma kungekho liphoyisa lesifazane lelikhona lapho kusesha kwakhe kufanele kwentiwe ngunobe ngumuphi lomunye umfati lotawube acelwe  liphoyisa.
  
 Emanotsi

























 










kungena lapho kulendzawo ngenkhani linike nesizatfu sekutsi lifunelani kungena lapho. Liphoyisa lingephula umnyango nobe lifasitelo kute likwati kungena. Uma kungadzingeki kutsi lisebentise emandla alifanele kuyisebentisa sanhlobo. 

Kukhona njeke lokutsatfwa ngalenye indlela kulomtsetfo. Uma ngabe liphoyisa linesizatfu lesicinile kutsi intfo lelisesha lifuna yona ingashabalaliswa nobe ingakhweshiswa etandleni nobe kulendzawo uma ngabe kufuna kungena kushitiwo kwevakala kwabekwa nesizatfu sekufuna kungena liphoyisa lingayisebentisa emandla leliyibona ingulelingene leso simo.  Loko kuvumeleka uma ngabe lentfo lefunwako iyincane nobe kusishuntjana lesincane setidzakamiva lokuyintfo lengalahlwa kalula nobe ishatjalaliswe sibonelo lokungaba kuyifulasha ngemanti emthoyi nobe ayimite nobe nangabe timphilo temalunga lalapho tisengotini uma ngabe bekunganconcotfwa sibekise ngekutsi uma ngabe emaphoyisa ati kutsi lomuntfu lolapha ngekhatsi unesibhamu. Loko kubukelwa eceleni kutsiwa ?ngumtsetfo wekunganconcotsi?.

5.9.2 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kusesha umuntfu 

Sigaba 23 seCPA sigunyata liphoyisa kutsi lingasesha umuntfu loboshiwe litsatse nemphahla  lokubhekiswe kuyo kusigaba 20 seCPA, letfolaka ikuye. Uma ngabe kusetjentiswa kwemandla kudzingeka  emandla ledzingekile ingasetjentiswa. Kufanele noko kuhlale kunemitsetfo lesebenta uma seshwa  umuntfu etitfweni temtimba tangasese.

Umtsetfomgomo wekusetjentiswa kwemandla kancane ufanele kutsi 
Emanotsi

















































ulandzelwe. Uma ngabe kungadzingeki kutsi kusetjentiswe emandla kutsatsa imphahla akufanele sanhlobo isetjentiswe. 

5.9.3 Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kungena endzaweni kute kutsatfwe timphahla

Sigaba 27 se-CPA sigunyata kusetjentiswa kwemandla ngetizatfu letimbili:
( Kungena endzaweni kute kuchutjwe lusesho
( Kuchuba lusesho ngekwalo


Emandla angasetjentiswa uma ngabe  kunekungavumi kutsi ungene kantsi ingasetjentiswa njengesinyatselo sekugcina. Kusetjentiswa kwemandla kuba semtsetfweni kuphela nangabe lokusesha kusemtsetfweni. Khumbula kutsi uma ngabe ungakudzingi kusetjentiswa kwemandla musa kuyisebentisa sanhlobo.

Tibonelo: Ungete wahhwabula lidrowa ube ufuna libhayisikili. Ungete wahhwabula kwekuphatsa lobona kahle ngekhatsi kuko.

Emanotsi ngekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla
( Sesha  kuphela endzaweni longatfola kuyo lentfo loyifunako (sibonelo: ithelevishini ingete yangena ebhokisini lelihlala imicwebo.
( Kusesha kufanele kwentiwe sekuphume lilanga kanjalo lingakashoni ngaphandle kwanangabe incwadzi yeligunya isho lokunye.
( Nika umuntfu lohlala kulendzawo ikhophi yeligunya lekusesha uma ngabe ayicela ngemuva kwekusesha loko.
( Incwadzi yeligunya ingasetjentiswa kanye kuphela.

Umsebenti 5.7
7 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Indzima 5.9

Injongo
Injongo yalomsebenti  kucoca ngekusetjentiswa kwemandla uma ungena endzaweni utewusesha nekutsatsa timphahla

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1.Tjela bafundzi kutsi bacocisane ngalokulandzelako:
 (Sebentisa ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.7)
( Lingayisebentisa yini liphoyisa emandla kungena endzaweni kute liseshe?
( Lingayisebentisa yini emandla liphoyia kutsatsa imphahla?
2. Cocani ngalemigomo jikelele lesebenta uma kuseshwa kutsatfwa nemphahla.
3. Butsetela.


Tintfo lotatisebentisa ngesikhatsi ubutsetela
 
( Sebentisa ithransparensi: Kusesha: No 3
?Emanotsi ekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla.?















( Kunciphisa emalungelo emuntfu kufanele kwentiwe ezingeni leliphasi ngekwekuvuma kwesimo.
( Emandla angasetjentiswa kuphela uma ngabe idzingeka. 


Khumbula:
Kutsi inhloso yeMtsetfosisekelo akusiko kuvimbela kuphenya emacala ngalokuphelele, kepha kuvikela emalungelo eluntfu abo bonkhe bantfu.

5.10 IVIDIYO NGEKUSESHA NEKUTSATSA IMPHAHLA

Kunevidiyo lengemaminitsi langu-10.
?ngekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla?

5.11 SIBUTSETELO/IMIBUTO

( Yini lechazwa tigaba 12 na14 teMtsetfosisekelo mayelana nekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla?
( Yini lokwenta kube yintfo lekahle kutfola incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha ngaphambi kwekusesha?
( Nguluphi lwati lolufanele kumumatfwa yincwadzi yeligunya lekusesha?
( Uyini umphumela wekusesha ngalokungemtsetfo nobe wekusesha wendlule kusigunyato lesishiwo yincwadzi yeligunya?
( Liphoyisa lingasesha yini ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha?
( Kufanele lenteni liphoyisa ngaphambi kwekusetjentiswa kwemandla kungena kunobe nguyiphi indzawo ngenhloso yekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla? Kukhona yini kubukelwa ngalokwehlukile kulomtsetfo?
( Incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha itsatsa sikhatsi lesinganani isebenta, nekutsi ungayisebentisa emahlandla lamangaki yona?

Emanotsi













Umsebenti 5.8
10 emaminitsi


Emanotsi emfundzisi
Babukise ividiyo lengekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla.


Lokubalulekile
Sigaba ?ngekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla?  sidlala ngaphambi kwalesi ?Sekuphenya licala? kulevidiyo.



Umsebenti 5.9
5 emaminitsi

Injongo
Injongo yalomsebenti kubutsetela lesifundvo nekuphendvula imibuto lesele.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1.Ngemuva kwekubakhombisa ividiyo yenta sikhatsi sekutsi kucocwe kuphindze kubutsetelwe.
2. Lemibuto itawusita ekuholeni lenchubo.







5.12 EMATHRANSPARENSI

( Kusesha No 1: Lilungelo lekuba nelingasese: sigaba 14
( Kusesha No 2: Sicelo sencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha
( Kusesha No 3: Emanotsi ngencwadzi yeligunya
( Kusesha No 4: Emanotsi ngekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla
( Umsebenti 5.2
( Umsebenti 5.3
( Umsebenti 5.4
( Umsebenti 5.5
( Umsebenti 5.7


IMITFOMBO YELWATI KANYE NEMIBHALO LENCONYWA KUTSI UYIFUNDZE

( Policing and Human Rights: Nel & Bezuidenhout
( Commentary on Criminal Procedure Act: Du Toit et al.
( Criminal Procedure Handbook: 3rd edition Bekker et al.























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LILUNGELO LEKUBA NELINGASESE

Sigaba 14 seMtsetfosisekelo: Lingasese

14. Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekuba nelingasese, lokufaka lilungelo lekutsi kungenteki loku-

(a) seshwae yena umuntfu nobe likhaya lakhe;


(b) kutsi imphahla yakhe iseshwe;


(c) kutsi atsatselwe imphahla yakhe; kanye nekutsi


(d) kuncishiswe lingasese kutekuchumana.






















Ithransparensi: Kusesha: No 1


SICELO SENCWADZI YELIGUNYA LEKUSESHA



Sicelo sencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha ifanele ibe nalolwati lolufungelwe lolubeka tizatfu leticinile tekukholwela kutsi-


( kunelicala lelentiwe nobe lelifuna kwentiwa;


( tintfo letitsite tiyabandzakanyeka ecaleni lelentiwe nobe lelifuna kwentiwa nobe tingaba bufakazi bekutsi licala lentiwe;


( tintfo letinjalo tikumuntfu lotsite nobe tisendzaweni letsite.


Incwadzi yeligunya itawugunyata kutsi kuseshwe umuntfu lotsite nobe indzawo letsite nekutsi kufunwa timphahla nobe tintfo letitsite. 



















Ithransparensi: Kusesha: No 2

EMANOTSI NGENCWADZI YELIGUNYA



( Incwadzi yeligunya itawusho indzawo leyo leyoseshwa.


( Incwadzi yeligunya itawusho umuntfu loyoseshwa (loku kungafaka nobe ngumuphi umuntfu lotfolakala kulendzawo).


( Incwadzi yeligunya ingentiwa ngesikhatsi selusuku ngaphandle kwanangabe kugunyatwe lokwehlukile kuloko.


( Incwadzi yeligunya itawuhlala ingulesebentako kute kube kutsi seyisetjentisiwe nobe ihocisiwe ngumuntfu loyikhiphile nobe umuntfu loneligunya lekwenta loko.


( Kufanele kutsi umuntfu lokunguyena kuphazanyiswe emalungelo akhe anikwe ikhophi yalencwadzi yeligunya lokuvamise kutsi kube ngumnikati wendzawo nobe ngumuntfu lohlala kuleyo ndzawo.


( Incwadzi yeligunya ifanele isetjentiswe ngalokucondzene ngco naloko lokubhalwe kuyo lencwadzi.


( Incwadzi yeligunya ingasetjentiswa kanye vo.










Ithransparensi: Kusesha: No 3



EMANOTSI NGEKUSESHA NEKUTSATSA IMPHAHLA


( Phenya kuphela kuleto tindzawo lokungatfolakala loku lokufunako.


( Kuphenya kufanele kwentiwe emini liphumile lilanga kantsi futsi lingakashoni ngaphandle kwanangabe incwadzi yeligunya isho lokwehlukile.


( Nika ikhophi yencwadzi yeligunya umuntfu lohlala kulendzawo ngemuva kwekusesha uma ngabe ayicela.


( Kufanele kutsi uyitjengise lomuntfu uma akhona  incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha ngaphambi kwekutsi ucale kusesha.


( Lokusesha ngekwemtsetfomgomo jikelele kufanele kwentiwe akhona umnikati wendzawo nobe lohlala kulendzawo leseshwako.


( Kucindzetela emalungelo amuntfu kufanele kwentiwe ngelizinga leliphasi ngekwesidzingo sesimo lesilapho.


( Emandla angasetjentiswa uma ngabe kubonakala kutsi iyadzingeka mbamba.








Ithransparensi: Kusesha: No 4

UMSEBENTI 5.2


( Bhala luhlu lwemalungelo eluntfu langacindzeteleka ngekusesha nekutsatsa imphahla.

( Bukisisa sigatjana sekucindzeteleka kwemalungelo ekhasini 6 lencwadzi yekusebentela bese uhlola kutsi kusesha nekutsatsa imphahla ngabe kungabonakala kuyindlela lecindzetela emalungelo eluntfu leyemukelekako yini ngekwesizatfu.






























Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.2

UMSEBENTI 5.3


(Ungayitfola kuphi incwadzi yeligunya lekusesha?



( Nguluphi lwati lolufanele kutsi lube sencwadzini yesicelo sencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha?


( Coca ngaloko lokutfolaka kubhalwe encwadzini yeligunya lekusesha?



( Lusesho lungentiwa nini?


( Kufanele yini kutsi ube nekhophi yencwadzi yeligunya loyinika umnikati wendzawo nobe lohlala kulendzawo lotoyisesha?




















Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.3

UMSEBENTI 5.4



( Kuba yini umphumela wekusesha ngalokungekho emtsetfweni?




( Tiyabuvuma yini tinkantolo bufazi lobutfolakele ngekusesha ngalokungemtsetfo?





























Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.4


UMSEBENTI 5.5


( Lingakhona yini liphoyisa kwenta lusesho ngaphandle kwencwadzi yeligunya lekusesha, uma loko kwenteka kuba ngunini?

































Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.5


UMSEBENTI 5.6



( Lingamsesha yini umuntfu wesifazane liphoyisa lesilisa?



( Lifanele lenteni liphoyisa lesilisa uma ngabe kungekho liphoyisa lesifazane?























Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.6


UMSEBENTI 5.7



( Lingayisebentisa yini emandla liphoyisa kungena endzaweni kute litewusesha?




( Lingayisebentisa yini emandla liphoyisa kutsatsa imphahla yemuntfu?


















Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 5.7







Sehluko 7

Emalungelo eLuntfu kanye nekutiPhatsa

LOKUCUKETFWE
EMALUNGELO ELUNTFU KANYE
NEKUTIPHATSA

7.
Luhlelo lwesifundvo
7.1
Tinjongo
7.2
Singeniso
7.3
Kuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu kanye nekutiphatsa
7.3.1
Kwehluleka kweliphoyisa kuhlonipha emalungelo eluntfu
7.3.2
Lifanele lenteni liphoyisa uma ngabe 
libona lelinye liphoyisa lephula emalungelo eluntfu
7.3.3
Yini letawentiwa yi-ICD uma ngabe 
liphoyisa nobe lilunga lemphakatsi letfula sikhalo ku-ICD?
7.4
Umgomo wekungavuni muntfu nekulinganisa
(sento lesifanele sekuchuba umsebenti)
7.5 
Sibutsetelo/Imibuto
7.6
Emathransparensi
7.7
Umbhalo lotawunikwa bafundzi



EMALUNGELO ELUNTFU KANYE
NEKUTIPHATSA
60 EMAMINITSI
LUHLELO LWESIFUNDVO


Lokucuketfwe	            

7.1 Tinjongo


7.2 Singeniso

7.3 Kuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu kanye nekutiphatsa

7.3.1 Kwehluleka kweliphoyisa kuhlonipha emalungelo eluntfu

7.3.2 Lifanele lenteni liphoyisa uma ngabe 
libona lelinye liphoyisa lephula emalungelo eluntfu

7.3.3 Yini letawentiwa yi-ICD uma ngabe 
liphoyisa nobe lilunga lemphakatsi lifaka sikhalo ku-ICD?

7.4 Umgomo wekungavuni muntfu nekulinganisa
(sento lesifanele sekuchuba umsebenti)

7.5 Sibutsetelo/imibuto
                                    








Lokutawentiwa

Umsebenti 7.1 Kufundza tinjongo

Umsebenti 7.2 Kucocisana ngevidiyo

Umsebenti 7.3 Kucocisana emacenjini


















Umsebenti 7.4 Kucocisana




Umsebenti 7.5 Imibuto, kucocisana








Sikhatsi

2 emaminitsi


20 emaminitsi 



25 emaminitsi 


















10 emaminitsi 





3 emaminitsi 
7.1 TINJONGO

Ngemuva kwekucedza lesehluko bafundzi bafanele kutsi bakhone kwati baphindze bachaze-
kutsi yini lengenteka (imiphumela) uma ngabe liphoyisa lihlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu;
( lokufanele kwentiwe liphoyisa uma ngabe  libona kuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu;
( imigomo yekungavuni muntfu kanye nekulinganisa (kwenta ngalokufanele); kanye
( nemsebenti weLuphiko lwetiKhalo lolutiMele ekuletseni siciniseko sekutiphatsa ngalokufanele  ngekweMtsetfosisekelo.

7.2 SINGENISO

Emalungelo eluntfu akhe wonkhe umuntfu eNingizimu Afrika lokufaka ekhatsi emaphoyisa. Kulelo nalelo lilungelo lebuntfu  kunesibopho lesimatana nalo. Incenye yetibopho temalunga onkhe eMbutfo weMaphoyisa eNingizimu Afrika njengencenye seMbuso kuhlonipha, nekuvikela sitfunti sebuntfu kanye nekugcugcutela nekuphakamisa  emalungelo eluntfu akhe wonkhe umuntfu. Kukhona futsi nesibopho  labukene naso emaphoyisa sekutsi banike lusito umphakatsi kanye nekwenta umsebenti wawo ngendlela lenekutiphatsa kahle kanye nalekhombisa kufundziseka. 

7.3 KUHLUKUNYETWA KWEMALUNGELO ELUNTFU KANYE NEKUTIPHATSA

Kucedza kwentiwa kwemacala ngemphumelelo eNingizimu Afrika ngaphandle kwekucindzetela emalungelo eluntfu kudzinga kutsi liphoyisa ngalinye libe nekutihlonipha emsebentini walo.   
 
Umsebenti 7.1
2 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Tindzima 7.1


Tinjongo
Inhloso yalomsebenti kwetfula tinjongo talesifundvo.


Emanotsi emfundzisi
( Fundzela bafundzi tinjongo talesifundvo.
( Babute kutsi bayativisisa yini letinjongo.
( Bachazele uma ngabe kunesidzingo.


Umsebenti 7.2
20 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Tindzima 7.2

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1. Tjela bafundzi bafundze sigaba 7(2) seMtsetfosisekelo, iNcwadzi yekuSebentela likhasi 5  bese bacocisana ngenchazelo yaso.
2. Ngaphambi kwekubonisa bafundzi ividiyo batjele kutsi bafanele babukele levidiyo babe bacabanga ngekuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu. Bafanele baphindze bacabange ngekutsi ngabe lokuhlukunyetwa labakubonako kungaphazamisa njani kutiphatsa kwemaphoyisa kanye nemsebenti wakhomandathi wemaphoyisa ku-SAPS.
3. Babonise ividiyo


Kwephulwa kwemalungelo eluntfu               
lokwentiwa ngemalunga embutfo wemaphoyisa kutawuhlala kutsatfwa njengekutiphatsa lokubi kabi kantsi kutawujeziswa kamatima. 

Tibonelo tekuhlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu kungaba nguleti- 
( kubamba umuntfu ngalokungemtsetfo
( kuvalela umuntfu ngalokungemtsetfo
(kumvisa buhlungu;
( kuphatsa umuntfu lovalelwe ngesihluku lesingenabuntfu
(bantfu labavalelwe
( kuphatsa bantfu labaletsa tikhalo nalabahlukumetekile ngesihluku lesingenabuntfu; 
( kusesha bantfu batsatselwe nemphahla ngalokungemtsetfo;
( kusetjentiswa kwemandla ngalokwecile;
( tindlela tekuphenya letingekho emtsetfweni;
( uma ngabe liphoyisa lati nobe libona kwentiwa tento tekuhlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu lehluleke kutsatsa tinyatselo ; kanye
(nekuphazamisa ingalo yemtsetfo  (kumbonya licala).

7.3.1 Kwehluleka kweliphoyisa kuhlonipha emalungelo eluntfu kungabangela kutsi kwenteke lokulandzelako:

( Bufakazi lobutfolakele ngesizatfu sekuhlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu bungete bemukelwa lokungenta umuntfu lonelicala agcine aphuma embili ecaleni.
( Kutawutsatfwa tinyatselo tekucondzisa similo saleliphoyisa.
( Leliphoyisa lingatekiswa licala lebugebengu.
( Kungaba nekucoshwa emsebentini (buka sigaba 36 (1) seMtsetfo weMaphoyisa eNingizimu Afrika: uma ngabe litfolwa lifanele kuboshwa ngaphandle kwefayini.)

lenesihloko ?Kutiphatsa/Kulawulwa Nekuphatfwa Kwemaphoyisa?
4. Ngemuva kwalevidiyo bafundzi  abaphawule kafishane usebentise indlela yekutsi wonkhe asho lokutsite, ngekutsi ubute ngamunye kutsi ucabangani ngalakubone kulevidiyo mayelana nemalungelo eluntfu kanye nemsebenti webuphoyisa.

Tintfo lotatisebentisa
( Sebentisa ithransparensi: Kutiphatsa No 1.

Emalungelo: Sigaba 7(2) kuMtsetfosisekelo

(2) Umbuso ufanele uhloniphe, uvikele, ugcugcutele uphindze ugcwalise emalungelo labhalwe kuMbhall weMalungelo eLuntfu.

Umsebenti 7.3
25 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Tindzima 7.3

Injongo
 Injongo yalomsebenti kwenta emaphoyisa acabange ngekuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu lokwentiwa ngemaphoyisa nekutsi acoce ngemiphumela yaloko.
1. Singeniso: 1 liminithi
2. Kucocisana kwemacembu: 10 eminitsi.
3. Kuyabikwa: 10 emaminitsi
4. Kuyacocwa jikelele: 4 emaminitsi

Emanotsi emfundzisi
1. Hlukanisa bafundzi ngemacembu bangabi ngetulu kwalabasihlanu ecenjini ngalinye.
2. Babukise ithransparensi Kutiphatsa No.1: 
( Hulumende angamangalelwa licala lelisivili adliwe timali.
( Kungaba nekwemukwa lusito lwekuvikelwa nguMbuso (ngekwelusito lwebumeli) uma ngabe  liphoyisa kudzingeka ligwetjwe ngelicala lebugebengu (lokusho kutsi lelo phoyisa litatetfwalela lona tindleko tebameli labalimelako kulelicala).
(Kungaba nekulahlekelwa lusito lwekumelwa nguMbuso emacaleni lasivili (lokusho kutsi lelo phoyisa lifanele litibhadalele tindleko tonmkhe teMbuso; timali tekuncemphetela lohlukumetekile, tindleko tekuchutjwa kwelicala)
( Kutiphendvulela kumphakatsi.

Emaphoyisa lasetikhundleni atawutsatfwa njengalabo lababukene nesibopho sekwephulwa kwemalungelo eluntfu uma ngabe bebati nobe bebafanele kutsi bati ngekwenteka kwaloko behluleka kutsatsa sinyatselo.

Emaphoyisa ete ajeziswa  nobe acondziswa timilo ngesizatfu sekutsi ale kwemukela imiyalo lengekho emtsetfweni lekhishwa ngulabaphetse.

Kutfobela imiyalo lekhishwa baphatsi ete kwatsatfwa njengesizatfu lesingavikela liphoyisa uma lichube senteko sekuhlukumeta emalungelo abuntfu.

7.3.2 Lifanele lenteni liphoyisa uma ngabe libona lelinye liphoyisa lephula emalungelo eluntfu?
Liphoyisa lifanele kutsi ?
( liphazamise lesenteko (limente ayekele) loyo losentako litjele leliphoyisa lelinye kutsi kuphambene nemtsetfo loku lelikwentako; liphindze/nobe
( libike lesenteko kukhomandathi nobe lomunye lophetse; liphindze /nobe,
 Kwephulwa kwemalungelo eluntfu.
3. Tjela licembu ngalinye kutsi lente lokulandzelako:
(Sebentisa thransparensi: Umsebenti 7.3)
( Ababhale phasi loko lelifanele likwente liphoyisa uma ngabe libona kuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu.
(  Tintfo letingenteka uma ngabe liphoyisa lihlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu kumuntfu lotsite.
4. Tjela licembu ngalinye linikete sibonelo sinye saloko lokufanele likwente liphoyisa. Buta onkhe emacembu ate aphelele. Phindza wente loko ngako konkhe lokungimiphumela.
5. Tjela munye webafundzi kutsi abhale konkhe loku kufiliphushathi nobe ebhodini.
6. Photfula lesifundvo ngekutsi kucocwe jikelele.
7. Nika sibutsetelo.

Tintfo lotatisebentisa ngesikhatsi ubutsetela 
( Ithransparensi: Kutiphatsa No.1 
( Ithransparensi: Kutiphatsa No.2 










 (NB: ARTWOTK)



Emanotsi





( libike lesenteko ehhovisi  
lalabacondzisa tigwegwe; liphindze / nobe;
( libike lesenteko kLuphiko lwetiKhalo lolutiMele (ICD); liphindze/ nobe,
( libike lesenteko kuKhomishani yemaLungelo eLuntfu eNingizimu Afrika liphindze/nobe libike lesenteko kuMvikeli weMphakatsi
(Uma ngabe lokwephulwa kwemalungelo eluntfu kulicala lebugebengu kufanele kuvulwe lidokodo lalo.)

Kuhlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu kungaholela ekutsini kutsatfwe tinyatselo tekucondzisa tigwegwe.

( Luphenyo lwekucondzisa tigwegwe lufanele lwentiwe ngekuphangisa, lungashiyi lutfo kanjalo lungavuni muntfu. (Asikho sidzingo sekutsi kulindvwe kutsi kuze kuphotfulwe licala lebugebengu).
( Loluphenyo lutawufuna kutfola kutsi bobani labahlukumetekile, kuvunjululwe kuphindze kulondvolotwe bufakazi , kutfolwe bofakazi, kutfolwe sizatfu saloku, indlela lokwenteke ngayo, indzawo nesikhatsi  sekwenteka kwalokuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu, kutfolakale kutsi kulandvwe bagcugcuteli bako.
( Lokwenteke kulobucala kutawusetjentwa ngalokukhulu kucaphela.

7.3.3 Yini letawentiwa yi-ICD uma ngabe liphoyisa nobe lilunga lemphakatsi letfula sikhalo ku-ICD?

I-ICD ingaluphenya loludzaba ikakhulukati lawo macala lafaka ekhatsi kufa kwemuntfu avalelwe                 











































LOKUBALULEKILE
Inombolo yelucingo ye-ICD
(012) 320-0431






Ngesizatfu sekwenta kweliphoyisa. I-ICD kungenteka loludzaba ilwendlulisele kumaphoyisa kutsia luphenye aphindze eluse kuchubeka kwalo.
Naliphela kuphenywa kwalo i-ICD
ingenta tincomo ngekutsi leliphoyisa lelibukene nalelicala litawubekwa licala lebugebengu yini nobe litawutsatselwa tinyatselo tekucondziswa tigwegwe.

Lokuphokophelwe nobe tinhloso te-ICD

Kutfutfukisa kutsi sive setsembe imitamo yeSAPS kantsi i-ICD itawusebenta kutiphatsa kabi ngaloluhlobo-
( yente indlela letawubandzakanya sive ekusebenteni tikhalo;
( iphikisane nekukhonona lokungenabuciniso lokusuke kwetfuliwe mayelana nemaphoyisa;
( kuvumbululula emalunga laphikelela ngekwenta lokuphambene nemtsetfo embutfweni we-SAPS;
( kucinisekisa kutimisela kwemaphoyisa emitameni yawo yekugucula lusito laluniketako kanjalo atfole kuhlonishwa ngumphakatsi; kanye
( nekusita ekuletseni ingucuko kuloLuphiko lweMaphoyisa kutsi lube Luphiko lolufanele kuhlonishwa nalotfola kuhlonishwa ngumphakatsi ekuvimbeni nasekulweni nebugebengu.

Kute ivimbe kutiphatsa lokungafanele kwemaphoyisa itawenta loku-
( itawuhlatiya tikhalo kutfola tinkinga letiphindzekako etinchubeni temaphoyisa, nasekusebenteni kwawo kanye nasekuphatseni kwawo;
( kuniketa emaphoyisa secwayiso sangaphambilini ngetinkinga letisetinhlelweni nobe ngemaphoyisa ladzelelako;
(kwenta kube neluphenyo**

Umsebenti 7.4
10 emaminitsi

Indzima lecondziwe
Tindzima 7.3.3



Injongo
Injongo yalesifundvo kwenta emaphoyisa acabange ngemsebenti we-ICD ekwenteni siciniseko sekutsi emaphoyisa ahlonipha ngalokusetulu emalungelo eluntfu.



Emanotsi emfundzisi
1. Nika umfundzi ngamunye umbhalo lolungiselwe bafundzi ?Luphiko lwetiKhalo lolutiMele ?IDC)?
2. Tjela bafundzi baphendvule nayi imibuto:
( Uyini umsebenti we-ICD kuluphiko lwe-SAPS?
( Ngasiphi sizatfu?
3. Phetsa lesifundvo ngekutsi nicoce jikelele
4. Nika sibutsetelo.








Tintfo lotatisebentisa ngesikhatsi sekunika sibutsetelo
( Umbhalo wekunikwa bafundzi: we-ICD  
(PICTURES)
lokungasita ekwenteni ncono letinkinga letigcina tibanga kutsi kube netikhalo;
(kusebenta tikhalo letimayelana nemaphoyisa ngendlela lengavuni muntfu nalengatsatsi licala.

7.4 UMGOMO WEKUNGAVUNI MUNTFU NEKULINGANISA
(sento lesifanele sekuchuba umsebenti)
(LWATI LWALABACECESHAKO)

Luphenyo lwekutfola kuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu lokwentekile lufanele lwentiwe ngekuphangisa, ngendlela lecotfo, lungashiyi lutfo kanjalo lungavuni muntfu. Lesi sisekelo sekuphatsa lokufanele.
Umsebenti wekuphatsa ngalokufanele (shejuli 6 sigatjana 23(2) (b) seMtsetfosisekelo

Sigaba 33(1) kanye na (2) tifanele titsatfwe njengaletisho lokulandzelako:
?Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo laloku-
(a)kwenta lokufanele ngalokusemtsetfweni uma ngabe kukhona linye lemalungelo abo nobe sifiso lesitsintsekako nobe lesicindzetelekako;
(b)kwenta lokungavuni muntfu kwenchubo lefanele uma ngabe kukhona nobe nguliphi  lemalungelo nobe lokubhekekile ngalokufanele lokutsintsekako nobe kucindzeteleka;
(c)aniketwe tizatfu ngalokubhalwe phasi ngetento letichuba umsebenti letitsintsa nobe nguliphi lemalungelo abo nobe tifiso tabo ngaphandle kwanangabe tizatfu taloko kwenta tikhishelwe sive sonkhe;kanye nekutsi
(d) kwenta lokukhona kuchazeka ngekwesizatfu sako lapho khona nobe nguliphi lemalungelo abo litsintseka nobe licindzeteleka?

Kungavuni lokugculisako
Loko kusho kutsi kufanele kube nesizatfu lesibonakalako sekwenta 
Emanotsi 

















































lokutsite (sibonelo kungaba kumiswa emsebentini, tinyatselo tekulungisa tigwegwe, kuntjintjwa emsebentini, kukhushulelwa esikhundleni, njll.)

Kungavuni kwenchubo
Loko kusho kutsi konkhe lokwentiwako kufanele kube ngulokuhambisana nenchubo lesebentako lapho. Loko kusho kutsi kufanele kulandzelwe imitsetfo yebulungiswa. Nayo lemitsetfo:
(Audi alteram partem (vani nalokushiwo ngakulolunye luhlangotsi)
Loko kusho kutsi liphoyisa  lifanele kutsi 
( lifanele liniketwe onkhe emaciniso kanye nalokungacatjangwa lokudzingeka ekutekweni kwalelicala;
(aniketwe sikhatsi lesenele sekulungiselela lelicala;
(aniketwe litfuba lekusho ludzaba lwakhe; aphindze
( abe nelwati loluphelele lwesizatfu sesento senchubo (tinyatselo tekucondzisa tigwegwe).
(Nemo judex in sua causa (kute umuntfu longaba lijaji lelicala lakhe)

Loko kusho kutsi lobukene naloludzaba ufanele kutsi ente  lakwentako-
(ngekungatsatsi licala
(ngekwetsembeka; kanye
(nangekungavuni muntfu.

7.5 SIBUTSETELO/IMIBUTO
( Kubaluleke ngani kutiphatsa ngalokufanele kuSAPS?
(Ngabe kuceceshwa kungaba ngiyo yini incenye yetinyatselo  letitsatfwa kubukana nekuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu? 
( Asewusho tinhlobo tekuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu lotatiko kuSAPS.
( Yini lokufanele yentiwe liphoyisa uma ngabe libona kuhlukunyetwa emalungelo eluntfu kulotsite?
Emanotsi




































Umsebenti 7.4 
5 emaminitsi

Injongo
Injongo yalomsebenti kubutsetela lendzima kanye nekuphendvula nobe ngimiphi imibuto levelako.

Emanotsi emfundzisi
Lemibuto ingasita ekuyiseni embili lenchubo kanye nekuveta kutsi ngutiphi tinhlangotsi talesifundvo letingakentiwa.
( Yini lengenteka kuliphoyisa lelenta sento lesihlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu?

7.6 EMATHRANSPARENSI
(Tibonelo tekuhlukunyetwa kwemalungelo eluntfu: Kutiphatsa No.1 
( Kwehluleka kuhlonipha emalungelo eluntfu kungabangela kulokulandzelako: Kutiphatsa no 2.
( Umsebenti 7.3.
( Luphiko lwetiKhalo lolutiMele 

7.7 UMBHALO WEKUNIKWA BAFUNDZI
( Umbhalo wekunikwa bafundzi 7.1.


TIBONELO TEKUHLUKUNYETWA
 KWEMALUNGELO ELUNTFU

( Kubamba umuntfu ngalokungemtsetfo
( Kuvalela umuntfu ngalokungemtsetfo
( Kumvisa buhlungu
( Kuphatsa umuntfu lobanjiwe nobe lovalelwe ngendlela lenesihluku lesingakhombi buntfu
( Kusesha  umuntfu nekutsatsa imphahla yakhe ngalokungemtsetfo
( Kusetjentiswa kwemandla ngalokwecile
( Tindlela tekuchuba luphenyo letingekho emtsetfweni
( Uma ngabe liphoyisa lati nobe libona kwenteka sento lesihlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu kepha lingenti lutfo
( Kuphazamisa ingalo yemtsetfo (kumbonya licala)


























Ithransparensi: Kutiphatsa No 1

KWEHLULEKA KUHLONIPHA 
EMALUNGELO ELUNTFU KUNGABANGELA 
KUTSI KWENTEKE LOKULANDZELAKO:

( Bufakazi lobutfolakele ngekuhlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu bungete bemukelwa lokungagcina kwente bantfu labanemacala baphume embili
( Tinyatselo tekucondzisa timilo
(Kumangalela liphoyisa libekwe licala lebugebengu
( Kuyekeliswa emsebentini (buka sigaba 36 seMtsetfo we-SAPS)
( Kumangalela umbuso ngelicala lelisivili udliwe timali
( Kulahlekelwa lusito lwekumelelwa nguhulumende ngebugebengu
( Kulahlekelwa lusito lwekumelwa kumacala lasivili
( Kutiphendvulela emphakatsini























Ithransparensi: Kutiphatsa No 2

Umsebenti 7.4

( Uyini umsebenti we-ICD ku-SAPS?



( Ngasiphi sizatfu?





























Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 7.4

UMSEBENTI 7.3
 

(Yini lokufanele yentiwe liphoyisa uma ngabe libona kuhlukunyetwa emalungelo eluntfu?




( Yini lengenteka uma ngabe liphoyisa lihlukumeta emalungelo eluntfu alotsite?


































Ithransparensi: Umsebenti 7.3

Umbhalo wekunikwa bafundzi: Luphiko lwetiKhalo lolutiMele

Luphiko lwetiKhalo lolutiMele (ICD) sigungu sembuso lesilawulwa sive lesasungulwa ngekwesigaba 222 seMtsetfosisekelo wesikhashana (uMtsetfo 200 wanga-1993) kanye neSehluko 10 seMtsetfo weLuphiko lwemiSebenti yeMaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika (uMtsetfo 68 wanga-1995).

UMGOMO-JIKELELE
Kukhutsata kutiphatsa kahle kwemaphoyisa.

INJONGO-MBONO
Kwakha luPhiko lwemiSebenti yemaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika lolugucukile lolusebenta ngemoya lobuswa nguMtsetfosisekelo.

TINJONGO TE-ICD
Kutfutfukisa kutsi sive setsembe imitamo yeSAPS kantsi i-ICD itawusebenta kutiphatsa kabi ngaloluhlobo-
( yente indlela letawubandzakanya sive ekusebenteni tikhalo;
( iphikisane nekukhonona lokungenabufakazi lokwetfulwa mayelana nemaphoyisa;
( kuvumbulula emalunga laphikelela ngekwenta lokuphambene nemtsetfo embutfweni we-SAPS;
( kucinisekisa kutimisela kwemaphoyisa emetameni yawo yekugucula lusito laluniketako kanjalo atfole kuhlonishwa ngumphakatsi; kanye
( nekusita ekuletseni ingucuko kuloluPhiko lwemaPhoyisa kutsi lube luphiko lolufanele kuhlonishwa naloluhlonishwa ngumphakatsi ekuvimbeni nasekulweni nebugebengu.

Kuvimbela kutiphatsa lokungasiko kwemaphoyisa ngekutsi yente loku:
(Itawuhlatiya tikhalo kutfola tinkinga letiphindzekako etinchubeni temaphoyisa, nasekwenteni kwawo umsebenti kanjalo nasekuphatseni.
(Itawuniketa emaphoyisa secwayiso ngaphambi kwesikhatsi mayelana netinkinga letikhona etinhlelweni nobe mayelana nemaphoyisa latephulamtsetfo.
( Itawuniketa secwayiso lesitabe sisuselwa eluphenyweni lolwentiwe ngekutsi tingavinjwa njani tinkinga letigcina titikhalo.
( Itawusebenta tikhalo letetfulwa ngemaphoyisa ngendlela lengavuni muntfu nalengatsatsi licala.

LUHLOBO LUNI LWETIKHALO LETIBUKWA YI-ICD.
I-ICD ibuka tikhalo nobe tinsolo letingaloku:
( Kufa kwemuntfu asetandleni temaphoyisa nobe ngesizatfu sesento seliphoyisa.
( Kutsintseka kwemaphoyisa etehlakalweni tebugebengu letifana nekubamba inkunzi, kweba kanye nekushaya.
(Similo nobe kutiphatsa kweliphoyisa lokuphikisana nemitsetfo yebuphoyisa lokufana nekuyekelela umsebenti nobe kwehluleka kutiphatsa ngekwendlela yekutiPhatsa yemaPhoyisa. 


INCHUBO LESEBENTA  NGAYO TIKHALO I-ICD
Naloku i-ICD ihlose kuphenya onkhe emacala kanye nekutiphatsa kabi lokubikwa kutsi kwentiwa ngemalunga e-SAPS, uMtsetfo uvumela kutsi i-ICD ibuyisele lamanye emacala etandleni te-SAPS kutsi iwaphenye. Mayelana nalawo macala lasuke engciselwe etandleni temaphoyisa e-SAPS kutsi ayophenywa i-ICD ingelusa kuchubeka kweluphenyo lwawo. Kulamanye emacala i-ICD yelusa luphenyo  ngekutsi inikete tinkhombandlela letitawulandzelwa uma kwentiwa loluphenyo.

Kute baphenyi be-ICD bakhone kwenta umsebenti wabo ngalokufanele nangemphumelelo iNdvuna yeTekuphepha neTekuvikeleka igunyate kutsi labaphenyi be-ICD labatfolwe nguMcondzisi LoweNgamele kutsi banikwe emandla ebuphoyisa.

KUTIBOPHELELA KWE-ICD
I-ICD ayikahlosi nakancane kwehlisa sitfunti semsebenti wemaphoyisa. I-ICD itimisele ngekusita emaphoyisa ngemsebenti wayo wekugucula newekucinisa intfutfuko kanye nelubambiswano emkhatsini we-SAPS.

Umbhalo wekunikwa bafundzi: Luphiko lwetiKhalo lolutiMele
 





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