SISWATI
(Cover Page)
IKomiti yeNdvuna ngetiMilo teluCwaningo lweteMphilo
c/o Lucwaningo lwetiNhlelo lweteMphilo, Kuhlanganisa luCwaningo ne-Ephidemiyoloji
LiTiko leTemphilo
Sakaposi X828
Pitoli
0001

Lucingo:	012-312-0995
IFeksi:		012-328-9381
Incwadzigezi:	hsrrce@health.gov.za


NGABE KUYINI LEKUMELE UKWATI UMA UTSATSA SINCUMO SEKUBAMBA INDZIMA UMA KULINGWA KWETEKWELASHWA NJENGEMHLANGANYELI WELUCWANINGO

LITIKO LETEMPHILO
IRiphabliki yeNingizimu Afrika

AGASTI 2001



SENDVULELO NEKUBONGA
Lelibhukwana licuketse umniningwano jikelele ngekulingwa kwetekwelashwa. Umniningwano ngco ngekulingwa kwetekwelashwa lofuna kuhlanganyela kuko nobe locelwa kutsi uhlanganyele kuko kumele uniketwe futsi utfolwe kubacwaningi bekulingwa.

Lelibhukwane likhishwe ngelusito nangemagalelo abocwepheshwe nemalunga lasuka kumakomiti lehlukene. Emagalelo futsi entiwe tikhulu teliTiko leTemphilo ikakhulukati luCwaningo lwetiNhlelo teteMphilo, kuHlanganisa luCwaningo ne-Ephidiyomoloji nekuPhatfwa kweMitsi.

Lelibhukwana lesibentise imitfombo leyehlukene kufaka ekhatsi:
* LiTiko leTemphilo (2000) Tinkhombandlela tekuSebenta Kahle ekulawulweni kuLingwa kwetekwelashwa ekuHlanganyeleni kweBantfu eNingizimu Afrika;
* LiTiko leTemphilo (2000) kuBukisiswa kwesiMilo ngeHIV/AIDS neluCwaningo lwe-Ephidiyomoloji;
* LiTiko leTemphilo (2000) Siphakamiso setiMilo ngeluCwaningo lweteMphilo: Imigomo, taKhiwo netiNchubo.

Licembu lekuBhala: Tinkhombandlela tekuLingwa kwetekwelashwa kwaseNingizimu Afrika
Dkt H Rees, Dkt P Onyebujoh, Dkt W Bannenberg, Mrs P Matsoso, Dkt I Franz, Dkt NE khomo, Dkt L Makubalo, Nks E Dartnall, Mnu Ntuli & Nks P Netshidzivhani


Licembu lekuBhala: Tinkhombandlela tesiMilo teluCwaningo lweHIV
Dkt H Rees, Nks K Barret-Grant, Prof SR Benatar, Dkt DM Allen, Dkt G Gray, Dkt Evian, Prof S Schoub, Dkt G Maartens, Dkt G Neilson, Dkt U Jentch & Dkt I Sanne
Emalunga eKomiti yeNdvuna ngetiMilo teluCwaningo lweteMphilo leyakhetfwa ngaJuni 2000:
Prof SR Benatar (Sihlalo), Prof LE Mazwai (Lisekela laSihlalo), Nks Biyela, Nks R Prinsloo, Dkt LE Makubalo, Prof D du Toit, M Dioke, Prof S Clow, Dkt W Bannenberg, Dkt S Cooper, Nks K Nevhutalu, Prof O BW Greef, Prof C Ijssemuiden, Dkt Hlongwane & Prof L London

NGABE KUYINI KULINGWA KWETEKWELASHWA
Kulingwa kwetekwelashwa sifundvo sekucwaninga nobe luphenyo loluhlose kulinga kuphepha, kusebenta kahle nemandla ekucedza sifo kwemitsi lemisha nobe lekhona nobe lendzala, emacebo ekwelapha nobe tindlela tekwelapha, ngekusebentisa bantfu.
* Kuphepha kusho kutsi ngabe umutsi wekwelapha unengoti emphilweni yemuntfu nobe cha.
* Kusebenta kahle kusho kutsi ngabe uyasebenta kucubungula sifo, kwelapha, kuvimbela nobe kwelapha simo sesifo nobe. Loku kungafaka kusebenta kahle kwemitsi lemibili nobe leminyenti.
* Emandla ekucedza sifo kusho kutsi uncono uma uchatsaniswa naleminye imitsi wesimo lesifanako
* Simo kusho ihlanganisela lephelele nekwentiwa kwemutsi, nobe licebo lekwelapha lelenta kutsi usetjentiswe ngeluhlelo loluhlosiwe kunobe ngabe ngusiphi sikhatsi ngaphasi kwetimo letifanele njengobe kulindzelekile uma kulashwa umuntfu, ngaphandle kwekubangela kulimala lokungakahloswa kumsebentisi.

Leligama ?umutsi? lifaka imitsi lesetjentiswa kulapha tifo (imitsi yekwelapha), kuvikela tifo (imitsi yekuvikela sifo, sib. imitsi yekugoma), nemitsi lesetjentiswa eluphenyweni lolukhetsekile (imitsi yekucubungula, sib. imitsi lesetjentiswa kwenta lohlolo lolukhetsekile lweX ray kukhombisa tinso).
Tigaba tekulingwa kwetekwelashwa
Ngaphambi kwekuba umutsi nobe licebo lulingwe ebantfwini, luyafundvwa kakhulu, sikhatsi lesidze, elabhorethri futsi nasetilwaneni letehlukene kute kutsi kutfolakale kutsi uphephile futsi usebenta kahle. Kulingwa kwemitsi yekwelapha (lemisha) yelucwaningo, kwemitsi yekugoma nemacebo ekwelapha kubantfu esikhatsini lesinyenti kwenteka ngetigaba njengobe tichaziwe ngaphasi.

Sigaba I: Lesi sigaba sekucala ngca lapho khona umutsi wekulapha lomusha, umutsi wekugwema nobe licebo lekwelapha kulingwa kwekucala ngca ecenjini lebantfu lelincane esikhatsini lesinyenti kubantfu labaphile saka. Sigaba 1 sekulingwa kwetekwelashwa sihlose kuncuma kuphepha lokwetayelekile, kulinganiswa kwemutsi lokuphephile nemiphumela lemibi yemutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha.

Sigaba II: Kusigaba II sekulingwa kwetekwelashwa umutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha kulingwa ecenjini lelikhulu esikhatsini kubantfu labamakhulukhulu labaphile saka nakubantfu labaphetfwe ngulesifo lesi umutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha kuhloswe sona. Injongo yesigaba II sekulingwa kwetekwelashwa kuchubekisa phambili kulingwa kwekuphepha nekusebenta kahle kwemutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha.

Sigaba III: Kulesigaba, umutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma, licebo lekwelapha kulingwa ecenjini lebantfu labamakhulukhulu kuya kubantfu labatigidzi letimbandlwana labaphetfwe ngulesifo lesi umutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha kuhloswe sona. Inhloso yesigaba III sekulingwa kwetekwelashwa kuchubekisa phambili kulinganiswa kusebenta kahle netehlakalo letingafuneki temutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha nekuwucatsanisa nemitsi lemidzala lebhalisiwe (lenelayisensi), nemutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha, nobe letinye tindlela tekwelapha. 

Sigaba IV: Kulingwa kwetekwelashwa kulesigaba kwentiwa emva kwekutsi umutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha sekubhaliswe ngumKhandlu wekuLawulwa kwetekweLashwa (MCC), emva kwekutsi umutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma, nobe licebo lekwelapha sekubhalisiwe futsi sekunelayisensi yekutsengiswa. Sigaba IV sekulingwa kwetekwelashwa sichubekisa phambili kulingwa kwemutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha esikhatsini lesinyenti kubantfu labatinkhulungwane letitsite kwentela:-
* kuchaza kuphepha kwawo, kusebenta kahle, imiphumela lengafuneki yesikhatsi lesidze,
* kulinga umutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha emikhakheni leyingoti kakhulu letsite yelinanibantfu njengebantfwana, labadzala, bantfu labanetifo temaphaphu netinso, futsi 
* kutfola indlela yekusetjentiswa lensha (tinkhomba) yemutsi lomusha, umutsi wekugoma nobe licebo lekwelapha.

Sigaba ngasinye sinetinjongo letikhetsekile nelikhono letinzuzo, tingoti nekulimala kungahle kwehlukana ngesigaba ngasinye.

Tehlakalo letinebungoti kakhulu (SAEs)
Kuto tonkhe tigaba tekulingwa, bahlanganyeli belucwaningo bahlolwa njalo kwentela tehlakalo letinebungoti (SEs) nobe imiphumelo lemibi. Tehlakalo letimbi ngunobe ngutiphi timphawu letingafunwa futsi letingakahloswa, timphawu nobe sifo lesihlobene nemutsi lofundvwako. Uma sehlakalo lesinebungoti sisimbi kakhulu, kungenteka:-
* sibangele kufa
* sikhatsate imphilo,
* sidzinge kutsi umuntfu logulako alaliswe esibhedlela,
* sidzinge kulaliswa esibhedlela sikhatsi lesidze,
* siholele ekuchwaleni kakhulu / lokuphikelelako / kungabi nemandla,
* sibangele kungahambi kahle kwekutalwa / kuchwala kwekutalwa,
* sibangele kufa kwemntfwana wemhlanganyeli lebakabandzakanyeke esifundvweni semutsi nobe licebo lekwelapha ngesikhatsi akhulelwe

Emagama lasetjentiswa uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa
Umutsi wekulingwa ngumutsi lomusha nobe losandza kutfolwa losatfutfukiswa.

Umutsi lotfutfukisiwe ngumutsi losewubhalisiwe kumtimba lolawulako wendzawo (MCC) kusetjentiselwa tifo letikhetsekile. Lomutsi sewundlulile esigabeni sekutfutfukiswa kantsi futsi simo sawo, kuphepha nekusebenta kahle sekuyatiwa. Imitsi letfutfukisiwe kushiwo imitsi lenelayisensi nobe imitsi lebhalisiwe.

Umkhicito welucwaningo imitsi, imitsi yekugwema nobe ngemacebo ekwelapha lawo simi sawo, kuphepha futsi/ nobe emandla ekucedza kwawo sifo kuyalingwa ekulingweni kwetekwelashwa lokukhetsekile. Kungenteka kube khona leminye imikhicito uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa. Imikhicito yelucwaningo kungenteka kube khona mitsi, imitsi yekugwema nobe emacebo ekwelapha lengakabhaliswa nobe labhalisiwe. Lamanye lasetjentiswako ngulawa: umutsi wesifundvo, umutsi wekulapha wesifundvo, umutsi wekulinga, nemkhicito wekulinga.

Umgcugcuteli ngumuntfu, yinkapani, sikhungo nobe inhlangano lenemsebenti wekusungula, kuphatsa, nekwesekela ngetimali kulingwa kwetekwelashwa. Bagcugcuteli kuvame kuba benti bemikhicito lephatselene nekutsakwa kwemitsi, nguhulumende, tikhungo telucwaningo, iNhlangano yeteMphilo yeMhlaba (WHO), bohulumende bangaphandle, njll.

Umcwaningi ngumuntfu longucwepheshe loneticu lofanele lonemsebenti wekuhlela, kuphatsa, kuhlatiya futsi/ nobe kubika ngekulingwa kwetekwelashwa lokukhetsekile. Bacwaningi bavame kusebenta njengelicembu. Umholi welicembu ubitwa ngekutsi ngumCwaningi lomKhulu (Principal Investigator). Umcwaningi lomkhulu unemsebenti wekubika kumgcugcuteli nakumtimba lolawulako. Bacwaningi kungaba ngudokotela wekwelapha, ngudokotela wematinyo, ngumhlengikati, ngusotibalo, ngusosayensi wetekwelapha, ngusokhemisi, bocwepheshe betemphilo yengcondvo, nobe lilunga letebucwepheshe betemsebenti wekwelapha, njll.


NGABE YINI UMSEBENTI WEMKHANDLU WETEKWELASHWA NEMKHANDLU WEKULAWULA

Umkhandlu wekuLawula kwetekweLashwa (MCC) usikhungo sendzawo lesilawula kusebenta kwekulingwa kwetekwelashwa nekubhaliswa kwemitsi nemacebo ekwelapha lasetjentiswa etifweni letitsite. IMCC inemsebenti wekucinisekisa kutsi konkhe kulingwa kwetekwelashwa kwemitsi lengakabhaliswa kanye netibonakaliso letisha temitsi lebhalisiwe kuvumelana netidzingo letibalulekile tekuphepha, simo kanye nemandla ekuphelisa sifo.

Ticelo tekulingwa kwetekwelashwa nekubhaliswa kwemitsi kanye nemacebo ekwelapha tibuyeketwa yikomiti yabocwepheshe beMCC, lebuka kakhulu tintfo letifana nesayensi, isayensi yetekwelashwa netimilo teticelo. Imibiko ngenchubo yelucwaningo itfunyelwa njalo kuMCC. Bufakazi bekuphepha, simo nemandla ekucedza sifo kumele buletfwe ngesikhatsi kufakwa sicelo kuMCC sekwemukelwa nekubhaliswa kwemutsi lotawusetjentiswa eNingizimu Afrika.

UMGCUGCUTELI KANYE NEBACWANINGI BAMBISENE NGEMSEBENTI NGETEHLAKALO LETINEBUBI LOBUKHULU KUNGAKENDLULI EMAHORA LANGU-24 KUMITIMBA LEFANELE KUFAKA EKHATSI UMKHANDLU WEKULAWULA KWETEKWELASHWA NEMAKOMITI ETIMILO

NGABE YINI LILUNGELO LAKHO LELIKUMTSETFOSISEKELO
Nobe ngumuphi lowenta sincumo sekuhlanganyela nobe losekahlanganyelako njengemhlanganyeli welucwaningo (inhloko) uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa unelilungelo lemvumo lenelwati. UMtsetfosisekelo weRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika uMtsetfo 108 wanga-1996: Sigaba 12 (2) utsi ?Wonkhe umuntfu unelilungelo lekutsi kungentiwa yini lokutsite ngemtimba nangengcondvo yakhe lokufaka ekhatsi lilungelo ? (c) lekungalingelwa kwetekwelashwa nobe isayensi ngaphandle kwemvumo lenelwati yabo?.

KULINGWA KWEMITSI LOKWENTIWA NGAPHANDLE KWEMVUMO LENELWATI KAHLE YALOHLANGANYELAKO NOBE YEBANTFU LEBABAMELE AKUKHO SEMTSETFWENI, AKUNASIMILO FUTSI AKUKAVUNYELWA KUSAYENSI.

Ngabe yini imvumo lenelwati?
Imvumo lenelwati luhlelo loluchubekako lapho khona umhlanganyeli (lohloniphekile) afundza emaphuzu ekulingwa kwetekwelashwa kute kutsi atsatse sincumo sekuhlanganyela nobe cha nobe achubeke ngekulingwa kwetekwelashwa lokutsite.
Imvumo lenelwati ingetulu kwekusayinda lifomu lemvumo nje futsi akusiyo inkontileka, kodvwa yakha sisekelo semvumo yemuntfu lohlanganyelako kutsi ahlanganyele uma kulingwa.

NJENGOBE UNGAHLE UTFOKALE UNGUMHLANGANYELI WELUCWANINGO NOBE UNGUMHLANGANYELI UMA KULINGWA KWETEKWELASHWA, kumele wati kutsi: -
* imvumo lenelwati yakho yintfo lebalulekile uma kwentiwa lucwaningo lwesimilo nelwesayensi. Loku kusho kutsi lilungelo lakho, sitfunti nebuntfu bakho njengebahlanganyeli belucwaningo kumele ngato tonkhe tikhatsi ngaphambi, ngesikhatsi kwentiwa lucwaningo nobe seluphelile kuvikeleke, kuhlonishwe futsi kunconotiswe;
* kumele uniketwe wonkhe umniningwano lodzingekile ngaphambi kwekuba utsatse sincumo sekuhlanganyela;
* umniningwano kumele uniketwe ngendlela lemalula futsi leselubala ngekusebentisa lulwimi lwakho. Kubalulekile kutsi ukhone kuvisisa futsi ubute imibuto;
* sincumo sakho sekuhlanganyela kumele singabi yingcindzetelo, kukhohliswa lokungafunekali, nobe kukhokhelwa. Angeke ujeziswe uma ungafuni kuhlanganyela;
* imvumo lenelwati kumele ibhalwe phasi futsi kuvunyelwane nangemlomo;
* imvumo lenelwati kumele iniketwe ibhaliwe, kutsi itfolakale kumiculu yakho yetekwelashwa kumisebenti nekucwaninga lokuhlobene nekulingwa, kubuyeketwa kwekomiti yesimilo nekuhlolwa kwabemtsetfo;
* ukhululekile kutsi ungayekele kuhlanganyela kumklamo wekulingwa kwetekwelashwa kunobe ngusiphi sikhatsi;
* uma uyekela kulingwa kwetekwelashwa, loku angeke kutsikamete lizinga lekunakekelwa lokutfolako.

Umnininganwano lodzingekile weMvumo leneLwati

Njengobe ungahle utfolakale ungumhlanganyeli nobe ungumhlanganyeli unelilungelo lekwati:-
* injongo yekulingwa kwetekwelashwa;
* kwelashwa kwekulingwa nemsebenti longakacatjangwa longahle ube khona kukunye kwelashwa;
* tindlela netinchubo lekumele tilandzelwe nobe tisetjentiswe;
* letinye tindlela tekuhlanganyela eluphenyweni;
* kulimala lekungahle kwenteke nobe kulimala mbamba netingoti letikhona uma uhlanganyela;
* tinzuzo letindzelekile ngakuwe njengemhlanganyeli nobe kulabanye bantfu;
* lizinga lekutawugcinwa ngalo umniningwano nemfihlo;
* kuba khona kwemshwalensi wengoti nobe wekulimala ngesikhatsi uhlanganyela uma kulingwa;
* umuntfu longatsintfwa esehlakalweni sekulimala lekuhlobene nekulingwa
* tikhutsato letiniketelwa kuhlanganyela. Kwehlukana kwetikhutsato kumele kuchazwe;
* kutfolakala kwekwelashwa emva kwesikhatsi sekulingwa kwetekwelashwa;
* umgcugcuteli kanye nalokunye kungcubutana kwetimfuno lokungahle kwenteke;
* bufakazi besemukelo sekomiti yesimilo

Ngaloku lokungehla kusobala kutsi bonkhe bantfu, labakhona kuniketa imvumo lenelwati nobe lekutfolakala imvumo lenelwati leliciniso kulebabamele, bangahlanganyela uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa. Bahlanganyeli basukela kubantfwana labancane kuya kulabadzala, labadvuna nobe labasikati, labaphile saka kuya kulabagulela kufa, labaphilako nalabafile (umntfwana losesiswini; bantfwana nalabadzala).

Kubalulekile kukhumbula kutsi kungenteka uhlanganyele ngalokungacondzi ngco lokungacondzile uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa ngekutsi uvume kutsi kusetjentiswe umniningwano wetekwelashwa lokucuketfwe kumiculu yakho yangamuva nobe yanyalo lephetfwe ngudokotela wakho.

Tinkhombandlela letincuma kutsi ngabe umuntfu ufanelekile kuhlanganyela uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa lokutsite tibitwa ngekutsi yindlela yekungeniswa; bese kutsi leto letingafuni kutsi bantfu labatsite bahlanganyele uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa tibitwa ngekutsi yindlela yekukhishwa.

Indlela yekufakwa nekukhishwa tibaluleke ngendlela lesimanga, timiselwe kuvikela bahlanganyeli bekulingelwa nekwenta sicinisekiso sekutsi tinjongo tekulingwa tiyatfolwa ngaphandle kwetimpicabadzala letingakadzingakali.

NGABE YINI LEYENTIWA NGEMAKOMITI ETIMILO KUCINISEKISA KUTSI LILUNGELO, SITFUNTI NEBUNTFU BAKHO KUVIKELEKILE?

Tinkhombandlela tekuLingwa kwetekweLashwa taseNingizimu Afrika tidzinga kutsi tivumelwano letisayindiwe kanye naleminye imiculu lebalulekile yekulingwa kwetekwelashwa lokuhlongotiwe kumele kubuyeketwe similo ngalokutimele yikomiti yetimilo lemukelekile levumelana nemazinga labekwe nguMkhandlu wekuCwaninga tiMilo teteMphilo waVelonkhe (National Health Research Ethics Council). Kubuyeketwa kwetimilo kuhlose kucinisekisa kuvikeleka kwebahlanganyeli belucwaningo labangahlanganyelako. Kungentiwa kuphela kulingwa kwetekwelashwa lokwemukelwe ngemakomiti etimilo lemukelekile eNingizimu Afrika.

Emakomiti etimilo abuka loku lokulandzelako ngesikhatsi ebukeyeta tiphakamiso tekulingwa kwetekwelashwa:-
- kubaluleka ngekwesayensi kwalesifundvo
- kufaneleka kwebacwaningi ngekweticu tabo, kutfolakala, sipiliyoni
- kubaluleka kwembangela yesifundvo
- kufaneleka kwekufakwa kwesicelo sesifundvo mahlobana netinjongo tesifundvo
- kufaneleka kwelinanibantfu lesifundvo nanobe lihlanganisa licembu lelingaba nekulimala futsi nanobe tinyatselo letenele tibekiwe tekuvikela timfuno tabo
- sibalo sebahlanganyeli lekumele batfolwe senele
- luhlatiyo lwetinzuzo tengoti lufaka tinzuzo nekulimala kwangemuva kwaleso sifundvo
- uma imitsi mbumbulo/yekujabulisa itawusetjentiswa nanobe kusetjentiswa kwayo kuvunyelwe
- nanobe ngekuhlanganyela kwabo uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa, bahlanganyeli kanye nalabanye abancishwa ematfuba ekubona betekwelapha, kucwaningwa, tintfo tekusebenta nobe tinchubo
- kwenela nekuphelela kwemniningwano lobhaliwe lotawuniketwa bahlanganyeli, tihlobo tabo, baluleki nebameleli bemtsetfo
- labahlanganyeli nebameli babo baniketwa sikhatsi lesenele sekubuka lehlanganisela yemniningwano ngaphambi kwekuba imvumo lenelwati yentiwe
- kufaneleka kwalokucuketfwe satiso kanye netatiso tasemphakatsini letitawusetjentiswa ekutfolweni kwebahlanganyeli
- sifundvo sivikela emalungelo ebahlanganyeli emfihlo
- kuniketwa kwesincepheteliso nobe kwelashwa uma kungaba khona kulimala nobe kufa kwemhlanganyeli lokubangelwe kulingwa kwetekwelashwa
- sigaba labatawuncesheteliswa ngaso bacwaningi nebahlanganyeli ngekuhlanganyela

1Tinkhombandlela tekuLingwa kwetekweLashwa taseNingizimu Afrika tidzinga kutsi emakomiti etimilo abukisise ngalokukhetsekile emacembu latsite ebantfu kufaka ekhatsi bantfwana; bantfwana lasebakhulile; bomake labakhulelwe; tiboshwa; bantfu labakhubatekile; bantfu labagula ngekwengcondvo; imiphakatsi lengatsikameteka; bantfu labagulela kufa; bantfu labadzala; emacenjana ebantfu nebasebenti.


Tinsitakalo ngekuhlanganyela uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa
Kulingwa kwetekwelashwa kwentiwa ngenhloso yinye kuphela yekulingwa kwemitsi, emacebo ekwelapha kanye nemitsi yekwelapha letawugcina isetjentiswa ebantfwini. Ngekuhlanganyela uma kulingwa:
* Ungaba ufaka sandla eluphenyweni lwetekwelashwa nekundlondlobalisa kwelunako lwetemphilo jikelele futsi ngabe usita labanye bantfu bakini
* Ungatfola imitsi lemisha lesengakafiki elinyentini jikelele ngesikhatsi sekulingwa futsi emva kwekulingwa kwetekwelashwa
* Ungatfola kunakekelwa kwetemphilo mahhala
Kuhlanganyela uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa akusiyo indlela yekutfola umholo lophambili nobe longetiwe; kodvwa-ke lokungenani bonkhe bagcugcuteli bayabakhokhela bantfu labahlanganyelako uma kulingwa kuto tonkhe tindleko letifanele letihlobene nekuhlanganyela uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa, kufaka ekhatsi tindleko tekuhamba, kudla, kunakekelwa ngetekwelashwa kanye nekuncesheteliswa ngetehlakalo letemukeliwe futsi netehlakalo letingaba yingoti leticinisekisiwe letihlobene nekulingwa.


Tingoti ngekuhlanganyela uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa 
Kungenteka kube khona maSAE lahlobene nemitsi lesetjentisiwe nobe tinchubo letentiwe kulokulingwa; kodvwa-ke bahlanganyeli besifundvo bacaphelwe kakhulu kute kutsi maSAE abonwe masinyane futsi asetjentwe ngendlela lefanele. Kantsi futsi kunemshwalensi wemaSAE, kute kutsi bahlanganyeli bancesheteliswe ngendlela lefanele. Lemitsi, imitsi yekugoma, emacebo ekwelapha nobe tindlela tekwelapha kungenteka tingasebenti kahle kulesifo sakho; kodvwa-ke, kukhona tindlela letiphephile kubahlanganyeli labangazuzi kuletindlela tekuphatfwa kwekulingwa kwetekwelashwa banganiketwa leminye imitsi lesebentako masinyane nobe uma sekuphela kulingwa. Tinkhombandlela tekulingwa tingadzinga kulungiswa lapha nalapha ngemphilo yakho.
* ungadzinga kuba nesikhatsi setintfo letihlobene nekulingwa njengekuvakashela indzawo lekutawentelwa khona lokulingwa
* angeke usebentise imitsi letsite kufaka ekhatsi imitsi yesintfu ngaphandle kwemvumo yadokotela wakho wekulingwa
* imphilo yakho yangasese nobe yenhlalo kungenteka itsintseke, sib, ngetento temacasi, kusebenta kwetitfo tangasese, kunatsa tjwala, kubhema ligwayi nobe kusebentisa tidzakamivo
* ungadzinga kubona dokotela wakho lowetayelekile wekwenakekela kwetemphilo kuko konkhe kugula kwakho lokungahlobani nekulingwa, kodvwa kumele umtjele dokotela wakho kutsi uyincenye yekulingwa futsi naloku kwekutsi leminye imitsi nobe tindlela tekwelapha angeke tihambisane netivumelwano takho tekulingwa


Umcashi wakho, umshwalensi wetekwelashwa, umshwalensi wakho nobe Khomishani wekuNcesheteliswa ngekuLimala kwasemSebentini angeke bakhokhele ticelo takho letihlobene netehlakalo tekuhlanganyela kwakho uma kulingwa kwetekwelashwa; ngako-ke kubaluleke kakhulu kabi kutsi utfola bufakazi bekutsi umgcugcuteli wekulingwa unemshwalensi lobukene nawe logcwele futsi lofanele.

Kanjalo-ke kubaluleke kakhulu kutsi ukhulumisane nemndeni wakho kanye nalabo labangatsintseka ngekuhlanganyela kwakho ngaphambi kwekuba utibandzakanye ngekulingwa.
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