xhosa.1392.paraffin
Kuphunyezwe umthetho omtsha olawula izitovu zeparafini kodwa ezi zitovu zisenobungozi kwaye zibulala abantu zitshabalalise namakhaya abo kuMzantsi Afrika uphela. Naku okungakusindisa...
BONA XHOSA - September 2007
Uphando lweBONA
Nqanda amadangatye oyikisayo
KUFANELE ukuba kube ngunyaka wolonwabo kwabo bakwiphulo lokhuseleko lokusebenzisa izitovu zeparafini. Ngowoku-1 kuJanuwari walo nyaka ziyekisiwe ukuthengiswa izitovu zeparafini ezinobungozi - emva kweminyaka emine iBONA yaveza ubungozi bazo.
Kungani phofu sisaqhubeka nokuva amabali okutsha kwabantu ngenxa yemililo" Kungani kusekho iingxelo zokuba iintsapho ezingama-100 000 zilahlekelwa yinto yonke ezinayo ngenxa yamadangatye omlilo atshabalalisa amakhaya azo"
Kungokuba umthetho okhusela abantu awukwazi ukugxininiswa ngenxa yokuba unabahloli ababini kuphela abajongene nelizwe liphela abahlola ukusebenza kwalo mthetho. ISebe leZimbiwa naMandla lathi alinawo umthetho olawula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zamandla neparafini emakhaya.
"Nangona ingaphaya kweshumi iminyaka sikhululekile, abantu abasebenzisa izitovu zeparafini emakhaya abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezili-18 abakalixhamli ilungelo labo lokuhlala kwindawo engenabungozi nekhusela impilo yabo," utsho uPatrick Kulati weParaffin Safety Association (PSA).
"Iparafini iluncedo emakhaya kwaye iyafikeleleka kodwa iilitha zayo ezingama-700 ezigidi ezithengiswayo ngonyaka kweli zithengiswa, zigcinwe kwaye zisetyenziswe ngeendlela ezinxamnye nempilo entle kubemi beli."
UVimba weLizwe (iNational Treasury) uyithelekelela kwi-R104 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka imali echithwa xa kulungiswa umonakalo owenziwe yimililo yezitovu zeparafini - ukucinywa kwemililo, ukunyangwa kwabatshileyo, ukugcinwa nokwakhelwa kwabo ngokutsha. Le mali iphindwe izihlandlo ezingama-50 kunaleyo yenziwa ngokuthengiswa kwezi zitovu ezizigidi ezi-2 zeerandi.
Ingxaki yokucima kombane kwiindawo ezininzi zeli inyanzelisa abantu ukuba basebenzise iparafini. Ukuze usapho lwakho lukhuseleke vavanya ubungozi bezi zitovu uze ubone indlela eningasinda ngayo.
Ziyimfuneko
UBUNGOZI 1: Kunyanzelekile ukuba ndibe naso isitovu separafini ngenxa yokucima kombane nexabiso lawo.
Umbane ubukade ufikelela kakuhle kubemi beli. Phakathi kuka-1994 no-2001 linyuke ukusuka kwi-34 phesenti ukuya kwi-70 phesenti inani labantu abanombane. Kuncede nangakumbi ukuziswa kwenkonzo yombane wasimahla ebantwini ngo-2003.
Kodwa ngoku uEskom akakwazi ukuvelisa umbane owaneleyo njengoko sibonile umbane umana ucima. Usihlalo wakwaEskom uValli Moosa uyavuma ukuba le meko iya kuphucuka ngo-2013 xa amaziko amandla amatsha eqala ukusebenza.
Loo nto iza kutya imali eqikelelwa kwiibhiliyoni ezili-R150 kwaye uEskom unethemba lokuba loo mali uza kuyifumana ngokonyusa ixabiso lombane.
Abantu babuyela kwizitovu zeparafini ababecinga ukuba bohlukene nazo khon' ukuze bangalali bengatyanga ngenxa yokucima kombane.
"Zizigidi ezili-18 zabantu abasebenzisa izitovu zeparafini kweli - elo nani phantse isiqingatha sabemi beli.
"Abantu abaninzi basesichengeni sokuqhushumbiswa yimililo yezitovu zeparafini abazisebenzisayo nezingekho mthethweni," utsho uKulati.
OMAWUKWENZE: Ungaze ubeke isitovu separafini phezu kwesitovu sombane, ungazisondelanisi izinto zeparafini nezombane. Kaloku xa kumka umbane izinto zombane zishiywa zingacinywanga uze uthi xa sele ubuya zitshise nto leyo ingabangela umlilo.
Ukuthenga isitovu esitsha
UBUNGOZI 2: Ndiza kutheng' isitovu esitsha separafini.
Uyaphazama xa ucinga ukuba izitovu zeparafini sele zikhuselekile!
Ngethuba sibhala eli nqaku luhlobo olunye kuphela lwezitovu ezikhuselekileyo olwenziwe lwaza lwaphunyezwa ukuze luthengiswe kweli lo gama ezinye ezili-10 zisavavanywa ukanti esinye sezicelo siphunyeziwe ngokutsho kukamanejala omkhulu wokulungiswa kwezinto neekhemikhali kwiSABS, uThomas Madzivhe.
Kodwa aph' ebusika izitovu ezinobungozi bezithengiswa yonk' indawo.
Kaloku iinkampani ezivelisa ezi zitovu zinobungozi aziyekanga ukuthengisa ezi zitovu. Eli shishini alifani neleemoto kuba kulo abantu abathenge iimoto ezinengxaki bayayalelwa ukuba bazibuyise zizolungiswa.
NgoMatshi uMoses Moeletsi oligosa eliphezulu kwiSA Bureau Of Standards Regulatory walumkisa abavelisi nabathengisi bezitovu ezinobungozi ukuba bazirhoxise. Iinkampani ezoyisakalayo wazoyikisa ngokuba ziza kuba sengxakini.
I-SABS ayinawo amandla aneleyo kuba inabahloli ababini kuphela abajongene nelizwe lonke, ngokutsho kukaMadzivhe.
Ekuqaleni konyaka abavelisi bezi zitovu bebexelela oosomashishini ukuba iSebe loRhwebo noShishino libanike iimvume yokuthengisa ezi zitovu. UMadzivha uthi ngelo xesha kwakungekho nesinye isitovu ebesiphunyeziwe phantsi komthetho omtsha.
OMAWUKWENZE: Sebenzisa ezi ngcebiso zePSA xa uthenga isitovu esitsha separafini:
Jonga ukuba sisemthethweni na kwanokuba sinayo na ilayisenisi yeSABS - jonga ikhowudi ethi SANS 1906:2006.
Ungasithengi isitovu ongakwaziyo ukusisebenzisa. Cela umncedisi wasevenkileni akubonise ukuba sisetyenziswa njani na kwanokuba silayitwa phi.
Ungasithengi isitovu esingenayo imigaqo yokusebenza nokhuseleko ecacileyo.
Ungasithengi isitovu esakhiwe ngezinto ezithambileyo nezophuka lula.
Ungasithengi xa singabhalwanga iinkcukacha zokuqhagamshelana nomvelisi waso kwibhokisi.
Izitovu ezivela ngaphaya kwemida yeli
UBUNGOZI 3: Zizitovu ezivela ngaphaya kwemida yeli ezithengiswayo.
Kwaba yinto entle ukuyeka kweefektri zeli ukuvelisa izitovu zePanda neHippo. Zazihambisana nomthetho omtsha kuba zaziyinxalenye yokuqulunqwa kwawo, utsho uMadzivha. Ezinye zavakalisa ukuba azikulungelanga ukuguqula indlela ezivelisa ngayo.
Loo nto yakhokelela ekubeni zinqongophale izitovu nto leyo yenze ukuba ziqhubeke nokuzivelisa ezi nkampani kunye neenkampani zangaphandle, ngokutsho kukaGqr. Philip Lloyd weEnergy Research Centre eUCT. UGqr. Lloyd uthi iSA Customs & Excise yayingenalwazi ngalo mthetho mtsha wokulawulwa kokuveliswa kwezitovu.
"Kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba iSebe loRhwebo noShishino lenzele iCustoms & Excise iincwadi ezicacisa ngalo mthetho ukuze bazi ukuba kufanele benze ntoni na ukuthintela ukungeniswa kwezi zitovu ezivela ngaphandle kweli. Loo nto iqale ukwenzeka ngoJulayi," utsho uGqr Lloyd.
Akwaziwa ukuba zingaphi izitovu ezinobungozi ezingene kweli.
OMAWUKWENZE: Izitovu ezivela ngaphaya kwemida yeli kufuneka zihambisane nomthetho omtsha weli ngoko ke sebenzisa imigaqo yePSA oyinikiweyo xa uzithenga uze ukhumbule ukuba: xa uthenga esivela ngaphaya kemida yeli, thenga esineenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ze-arhente yeli okanye zenkampani ezithengisayo elapha eMzantsi Afrika.
Kaloku xa ubanengxaki uza kuncedwa ngumntu okufutshane.
Iprayima
UBUNGOZI 4: Ucinga ukuba iprayima ikhuselekile"
Uninzi lwabantu luthenga izitovu zeparafini ezifikelelekayo - ziyi-R30 lo gama iprayima iyi-R100. Izitovu zeparafini zipheka ngomlilo ophantsi kuneprayima, ngokutsho kukaPatrick Kuleni wePSA.
Iiprayima zona ziyampontshwa ngaphambi kokuba zilayitwe kodwa zibhetele kuba zipheka ngamandla ngeparafini elinganayo naleyo isetyenziswa zizitovu zeparafini. Enye into eyenza zikhuseleke bhetele iiprayima kungokuba awukwazi ukugalela iparafini kuzo xa zivutha.
Okwangoku lo mthetho mtsha ulawula ukusebenza kwezitovu zeparafini kuphela, imithetho elawula iiprayima isaqulunqwa. Kufuneka ukhethe ngononophelo xa ukhetha isitovu oza kusisebenzisa.
OMAWUKWENZE: I-PSA icebisa ngelithi kufuneka ujonge ezi mpawu zilandelayo kwisitovu separafini okanye kwiprayima okanye isifudumezi separafini:
Xa siwile siyazicima.
Sakhiwe ngento eyomeleleyo nezinzileyo ukuze singawi lula.
Sinento exelayo xa iparafini izele okanye iphelile
Sinemigaqo ecacileyo yokusisebenzisa
Ukudlala ngomlilo
UBUNGOZI 5: Ungxamile.
"Ndiyazincama ndiyigalele iparafini ngoku sivuthayo isitovu kodwa umlilo ube uphantsi," utsho umama waseMlazi kwingcali yophando yeHSRC uSibongile Mafu.
Abanye oomama bathe bona bagalela amanzi ukuze lizale itanki leparafini okanye basihlukuhle isitovu ukuze sivuthe noxa iparafini sele iphelile khon' ukuze kuvuthwe ukutya abakuphekileyo.
Khumbula ukuba xa usebenzisa iparafini usebenzisa into efanayo naleyo isetyenziswa kwiinqwelo-ntaka kuba ivutha ngokukhawuleza kubushushu obuyi-43oC - nto leyo yenza izitovu zeparafini zibe ngathi ziziqhushumbisi emakhaya.
Ukwakhiwa kwezitovu zeparafini ezizinzileyo neziyigcinayo iparafini ingachitheki xa ziwile zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kulo mthetho ulawula ukusebenza kwezitovu zeparafini.
Mhlawumbi kungaba nzima ukuba ubakhusele ngokukuko lo mthetho xa ezi zitovu zakhiwe ngeentsimbi ezigobayo xa zisetyenziswa nzima ixesha elide.
OMAWUKWENZE: Qinisekisa ukuba wonk' umntu osebenzisa isitovu separafini ekhaya usisebenzisa ngendlela ekhuselekileyo:
Isitovu sibeke endaweni ezinzileyo ungabeki ilaphu ngaphantsi kwaso elingatsaleka size siwe isitovu.
Ngaphambi kokuqalis' ukupheka qinisekisa ukuba izithako unazo zonke. Xa kukho into oyifunayo yithenge ngaphambi kokuba usilayite isitovu.
Yizalise itanki xa sele iphelile okanye incinci iparafini ngaphambi kokusilayita isitovu. Xa iphela usaphekile, yisuse imbiza yakho uyisonge ngetawuli ukuze igcine ubushushu, cima isitovu uze usigalele iparafini. Silayite uqhubeke nokupheka.
Abantwana mabangasondeli esitovini esilayitiweyo. [x]
kubhale uPATRICIA McCRACKEN
iifoto zezePARAFFIN SAFETY ASSOCIATION
Baleka!
Umanejala omkhulu wokhuseleko kwiPSA uTeri Kruger ulumkisa ngelithi xa uhlaselwa ngumlilo obangelwa yiparafini, thatha abantu ohlala nabo nibaleke. Izibalo zePSA zibonisa ukuba umlilo weparafini unwenwa ngomzuzu ufikelele ku-400oC. Kwimizuzu emithathu ufikelela ku-700oC, uze emva kwemizuzwana engama-30 emva koko ufikelele ku-900oC.
BONA XHOSA - September 2007
UPrecious ulwa nemililo
"Ndandifuna ukusikhuphela phandle isitovu ukuze kusind' iimpahla zethu," kutsho uPrecious Mamadi waseAlexandra (ekunene) kuAndile Carelse obengumphathi-theko kwiNtlanganiso kaZwelonke yePSA. Ilokhwe yakhe yatsha waza wazibhuqa-bhuqa phantsi ukuze asinde.
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EKUNENE: Umonakalo owenziwa yimililo yezitovu zeparafini utya imali ephindwe izihlandlo ezingama-50 kunengeniso yazo.
BONA XHOSA - September 2007
Ungayigaleli iparafini esitovini esivuthayo!
Isibhedlele iChris Hani Baragwanath esiseSoweto sinyanga abantu abangaphaya kwe-1000 abavelelwe yingozi yokutsha ngonyaka.
5
1 Cela umnini-venkile othenga kuyo ukuba akubonise ileta evela kwiSABS emgunyazisayo ukuba athengise imveliso ehambisana nomthetho omtsha.
2 Xa engenayo le leta mxele kwiSABS (012-428-7071) nakwiPSA (0861-224-422).
3 Zikwaye wena nabahlobo nosapho lwakho iivenkile ezingahambisani nomthetho.
4 Thethana nooceba ubakhuthaze ukuba bawusukumele lo mba.
5 Funda ukhuseleko lokusebenzis' isitovu separafini.
iindlela zokulwa nezitovu eziqhushumbayo
BONA XHOSA - September 2007
