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UKUTHETHA ngesifo seqhenqa kwenza abantu bahanjelwe ngumzimba. Nangona kule mihla sekwabakho ubhubhani weAIDS, iqhenqa kusesisifo "saseBhayibhileni" esoyikisayo nothi wakuthetha ngaso abantu babe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womntu onenyama ebolayo neminwe exobukayo.
Mandulo abantu abaneqhenqa babekhalisa intsimbi xa behamba ukuze abantu basuke endleleni yabo. Maxa wambi babethatyathwa baye kugcinwa kwindawo yabo bodwa kude nabantu - bakhe bagcinwa naseRobben Island.
"Abantu abazoyiki kakhulu eziny' izifo ezinjengomhlaza kuneqhenqa," utshilo umntu owayenalo.
Abantu abakhe banesi sifo bagculelwa ngabantu nokuba sebenyangiwe.
"Abantu basibona siyingozi empilweni yabo," utsho uIsaiah Ojeabulu weHuman Rights Association Of Persons Affected By Leprosy yaseNigeria.
Oko kwenze abantu baseNigeria abaneqhenqa bafudukela emahlathini ngokutsho kweInter Press Service. U-Ojeabulu naye uhlala eAbo Forest nabanye abantu abangama-70 abakhe baneqhenqa.
Njengoko abantu abaneqhenqa bebetshatana ngethuba besalinyangelwa, oko kwenze iAbo yalikhaya labantwana abangama-25.
Abantu ababenesi sifo neentsapho zabo bahlala ezindlwini zodaka. "Sisel' amanzi amdaka esiwakhe emlanjeni okufutshane. Asinacebo limbi kuba kufuneka siqhubeke nobomi," utsho uOjeabulu.
Bakwakhathazwa nasisifo secesina neenyoka. "Ndathi ndigulel' ukufa ndahlaselwa yinyoka ndisendlwini," utsho uRoseline Osigbe.
Ngokwamanani asemthethweni bangaphantsi kancinane kuma-5 350 abantu abaneqhenqa ababhalisiweyo eNigeria. Elo nani lihle lisuka kuma-250 000 ngo-1989 kwaye lihliswe liphulo leWorld Health Organisation elaqala ngoo-1990 lokuzama ukusitshayela neengcambu esi sifo.
Ngoo-1980 iyeza ekuthiwa yidapsone laqal' ukusetyenziswa ukunyanga esi sifo kwaye ngoku siyanyangeka ngeminyaka emibini.
Ukusebenza kweli yeza kuboniswa kukuhla kwenani labantu ebebeneqhenqa lisuka kwi-5,2 yezigidi ngo-1985 laya kuma-286 000 amawaka ekupheleni kuka-2004.
Kodwa abaphandi balumkisa ngelithi awufanelanga uyekelelwe umxakatho kuba usemkhulu umsebenzi ofanele wenziwe...
ISIFO seqhenqa esibizwa nangokuba yiHansen's Disease sinxulumene neTB kwaye sihlasela isikhumba, imithambo-luvo imilenze neengalo, ukanti siyawahlasela namehlo - sikwenza izilonda, uphume amaqhuma, sikwenze ungaboni nokubona.
Ukungasebenzi kwemithambo-luvo kungenza uphulukane nemilenze neengalo - kodwa iqhenqa alikuqhawuli iminwe neenzwane njengokuba uninzi lucinga. Umntu onalo angaphila iminyaka emininzi kuba aliwahlaseli amalungu omzimba abalulekileyo empilweni.
"Esi sisifo sabantu abazimpula zikalujaca esibangelwa kukungacoceki nokungatyi ukutya okunesondlo," utsho uGqr. Rasvan Vasiliu ongumlawuli weTichilesti Hospital ekuphela kwendawo egcina abantu abaneqhenqa eYurophu.
"Kusapho olunabantwana abaninzi, iqhenqa losulela umntwana onamajoni omzimba angomelelanga."
Iqhenqa sisifo esidala kodwa nangona sikhankanyiwe eBhayibhileni, eso kuthethwa ngaso kuyo asifani nesi.
Igama lesiHebhere elisetyenziswe kwincwadi kaLeviticus nakwezinye ngu- "tzaraath." Kuthiwa esi sifo sasihlasela isikhumba somntu, maxa wambi neempahla zakhe okanye indlu yakhe.
Ukubhidaniswa kwezi zifo zibini ezahlukileyo kuko okwenza abantu bambukule umntu oneqhenqa. Abantu ababephila ngexesha leTestamente eNdala babesithi itzaraath sisifo ekwakuqalekiswa ngaso abantu abanezono - ingakumbi abanentlebendwane, abakrexezayo okanye abangoonozikhalazo.
Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ukubonwa kwesi sifo "njengesibetho sikaThixo" nokoyika kwabantu ukuba umntu onaso uza kubosulela kwenza bangazivezi abantu abanaso ukuze sinyangwe sisesitsha.
MASIKHUMBULE ke nokuba xa uMbutho Wezizwe eziManyeneyo usithi ufuna "ukusiphelisa" isifo uthetha ukusinciphisa siphathe umntu omnye kwi-10 000.
Ngaphezulu kuthiwa liyanda inani labantu abanesi sifo emazweni esihlasele kakhulu kuwo. Amazwe anjengeAngola, iBrazil, iCentral African Republic, iCongo, iCôte d'Ivoire, iGuinea, iIndia, iLiberia, iMadagascar, iMozambique, iNepal neTanzania ngoku akwazi ukunyanga ama-90 abantu abaneqhenqa, ukanti ama-70 abantu abanalo baseIndia.
Njengoko iIndia ililizwe elinabantu abaninzi nkqu nokuba kuthiwa siphatha umntu omnye kwi-10 000, oko kutheth' ukuba baninzi abantu abafunyanwa benesi sifo ngonyaka.
Amanye amazwe abethwa kukungabikho kozinzo lwepolitiki nokuba semgangathweni ophantsi kweenkqubo yonyango. Oko ke kudibana nento yokuba besoyika ukufun' uncedo abantu abanaso size siqhubeke nokwanda nangona iWHO izama ukusiphelisa.
ULucky ongumyeni kaBlessing Egbo wosulelwa liqhenqa emva kokuba betshatile, kodwa uBlessing wakhetha ukuya kuhlala naye eAbo Forest nangona yena wayengenalo, kwaza oko kwabothusa abahlobo nosapho lwakhe.
Esi sibini sinabantwana abathathu - omnye wabo nguKeseli oneenyang' ezintandathu, ukanti ungoyena mntwana mncinane kwabahlala eAbo Forest - kwaye kubo akukho namnye oneqhenqa.
"Usapho lwasekhaya aluyithandi into yokuhlala nomyeni wam kweli hlathi, qha ke andinako ukumshiya. Siyintlekisa ebantwini kodwa andibakhathalelanga," utsho
uEgbo. [x]
BONA XHOSA - March 2007
NGASENTLA: Abantu abasinda kwisifo seqhenqa bayabukulwa ngabantu - nangona bekho abo bangenangxaki kangako nabo.
EKUNENE: Siyanyangeka lula kule mihla isifo seqhenqa. Kwakungenzeki ngolo hlobo mandulo njengoko ubona kulo mfanekiso.
Akukho mfuneko yokuba ugule
Zinkulu iinzame ezenziweyo ukusiphula iqhenqa neengcambu, kodwa kusekho izinto ezibubuvuvu ezitshiwo ngesi sifo soyikwayo kwaye abantu abanaso basabukulwa...
kubhale uISAAC KWELA
Isifo seqhenqa sichaphazela ulusu namalungu omzimba - asiwachaphazeli la malungu abalulekileyo yaye abantu abanaso bangaphila de baluphale.
BONA XHOSA - March 2007 89
u
Indawo eyalityalwayo
Ezimbalini abantu abaneqhenqa babehlaliswa bona kude nabantu. Oko kwakusenziwa ehlabathini jikelele kwaye iziko lokugqibela elisekhona labantu abaneqhenqa liseTichilesti eRomania eYurophu.
Ukususela ngo-1991 abantu abahlala khona bakhululwa ukuba bangahamba kwelo ziko kodwa bambalwa abalisebenzisayo elo thuba emva kokuhlal' ixesha elide apho.
Kaloku uninzi lwabo baluphele ngoko bafun' unonophelo olulodwa. Amayeza okunyanga esi sifo afika sele sibagogile. Kukho "nabaguli" ababini abakwiminyaka engama-30 abazalelwa eTichilesti ngabazali ababeneqhenqa.
U-Eufimia Hima Dumitru (73) wafika eneshumi elivisayo leminyaka ngo-1946.
"Andisokuze ndimlibale ugqirha owandijonga wandijonga wabhala into ephepheni wandinika lona, kanti kulo ubhale idilesi yaseTichilesti. Ndandingazi ukuba ngokuza apha andinakuphinde ndilibone ikhaya," utshilo ebuyisa iinkumbulo zokufika kwakhe apho.
"Zazimbi iipilisi esasiziseliswa ngaloo minyaka, kodwa ndandizisela kuba ndandifun' ukuphila ukuze ndigoduke ndiyogcina abantakwethu abasibhozo. Ndahlal' ixesh' elide ndingaxelelwa ukuba andisokuze ndiphinde ndigoduke
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Izifo ezingaqhelekanga
Omnye wemibono ebuhlungu nelusizi eAfrika ngulowo wabantwana abakhokela amaxhoba amadala "amfanywe ngumlambo" xa ehamba ezilalini.
Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-onchocerciasis senziwa ngumnyiki okhula uphinda-phindane emzimbeni womntu, uze uye nasemehlweni umenze imfana umntu.
Imbewu yaso isasazwa ziimpukane ezimnyama ezizalela emanzini abalekayo. Kweziny' iindawo ezikufutshane nomlambo sihlasela wonk' umntu - bathi bakwaluphala abantu bamfameka.
Eziny' izifo ezoyikekayo...
ILymphatic filariasis: Yenziwa ngumnyiki ongahlala iminyaka emzimbeni wakho ukwenze udumbe umlenze ubenento ekuthiwa yi-elephantiasis. Esi sifo sisasazwa kukulunywa yingcongconi.
ISchistosomiasis: Ibizwa nangokuba yi-bilharzia kwaye ibangelwa yintshulube ehlala kwinkumba ehlala emanzini. Emntwini ingena kulusu lwakhe ize iye kungena egazini. Ngaphakathi emntwini izalela amaqanda enza ubenesifo sesibindi nesombhobho womchamo.
ITrypanosomiasis: Ibizwa nangokuba yi-"sleeping sickness," kwaye sisifo osifumana ngokutyiwa yingcongconi. Ngokuya sisanda esi sifo intsholongwane ingena ebuchotsheni ikwenze ungabikho zingqondweni uze usweleke.
IBuruli ulcer: Iphantse ifane neHansen's Disease kwaye "isisifo sesithathu ngokuxhaphaka emva kwesifo sephepha neqhenqa," ngokutsho kwengcali yezifo zesikhumba neqhenqa uGqr. Jose Terencio De Las Aguas.
Sixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe angama-32 kwaye sifumaneka kakhulu emazweni aseNtshona Afrika.
Ngaphezulu esi sifo sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kukho uloyiko lokuba esi sifo singasasazwa ngabakhenkethi emazweni esingekhoyo kuso ngokutsho kukaGqr. De Las Aguas.
IBuruli Ulcer ihlasela ulutsha oluneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-15 oluhlal' ezilalini kufutshane nemilambo nemigxobhozo. Uqala ngokuba neqhuma elijika libe zizilonda ezandayo de kufuneke umntu ashunqulwe umlenze okanye ingalo. Alukho unyango lwesi sifo kwaye izilonda azipholi xa iqhuma elivele kuqala linganyangwanga ngokukhawuleza.
90 BONA XHOSA - March 2007
Isifo sobuhlwempu
nokungatyi ukutya okunesondlo
esibangelwa kukungacoceki
Ukonzakala kwemithambo-luvo kukwenza uphulukane namalungu omzimba - kodwa isifo seqhenqa asiyinqumli iminwe.
