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ISAKHELO SENKQUBO YOLWIMI YESIZWE









UYilo oluGqityiweyo





































13 kweyeNkanga 2002



















#isiXhosa



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IZIQULATHO





















INTSHAYELELO
 
NGUMPHATHISWA
 
WEZOBUGCISA,
 
INKCUBEKO,
 
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INZULULWAZI NOBUCHWEPHESHE
 

 

 

 

 

 
ULUHLU LWEZIFINYEZO
 

 

 
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ICANDELO1
 
IMVELAPHI NENTSINGISELO
 

 
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Intshayelelo
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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1.2
 
Intsingiselo yeMbali
 

 

 
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1.3
 
Intsingiselo yowiso mthetho
 

 

 
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ICANDELO 2
 
IMIBA ENGUNDOQO YENKQUBO
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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2.1
 
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Imithetho- siseko
 

 

 
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UPHUHLISO LWEZAKHONO
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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INTSHAYELELO NGUMPHATHISWA WEZOBUGCISA, INKCUBEKO, INZULULWAZI



NOBUCHWEPHESHE, UGQR B S NGUBANE



Ulwimi lomntu ngandlela zonke ”luyinxalenye yakhe”: ibango lendalo lomntu wonke ophilileyo, esilisebenzisayo ukuveza iminqweno nezimvo zethu, ukucacisa iingcinga nokuxabiseka kwethu, ukuphonononga amava namasiko ethu, nokwakha uluntu lwethu nemithetho elawulayo. Kungolwimi ukuba sibe sisebenza njengabantu kwilizwe elitshintsha njalo. Ilungelo lokusebenzisa iilwimi zethu ezisemthethweni esizikhetheleyo lukhankanyiwe kuMthetho wamaLungelo oYilwayo yaye uMgaqo- siseko wethu uvuma ukuba iilwimi zabantu bethu ngumthombo wolwazi ekufuneka uqiniswe.



Ndizingca ngakumbi, emva kwenkqubo ecokisekileyo yeengcebiswano, ekugqibeleni sikwimo yokubhengeza iSakhelo senkqubo yolwimi yaseMzantsi Afrika. Oku kukugqitywa kwenkqubo eyayiqalwe ngowe 1995 xa ndandiqeshe iQela elinoXanduva loCwangciso loLwimi (Language Plan Task Group)(LANGTAG) ukundicebisa ngeSakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi nesicwangciso esidibeneyo. Eli nyathelo laliyimfuneko ngokujonga ukunqongophala kokunyamezela iyantlukwano kwiilwimi yaye isiphumo “seelwimi ngeelwimi siyingxaki eyinkcitho” yindlela ecacileyo kwamanye amasebe oluntu lwethu, kwakhona unyembo olukhulayo kubantu bolwimi ngomkhwa wolwimi olunye eMzantsi Afrika.



Isakhelo senkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe sisekeke kwisiphumo seenkqubo zethu zokucebisana, ngo- LANGTAG nangeenzame zeSebe ngokuhlangeneyo noLuhlu lwabantu oluCebisayo kwiNkqubo yoLwimi. Isakhelo senkqubo yolwimi yesizwe sibalulekile kulawulo lwemithombo yethu yolwimi eyahlukeneyo nokuphumelela kwenjongo karhulumente ukunyusa inkululeko, ubulungisa, ukufaneleka nomanyano lwesizwe. Kungalo moya ukuba uphuhliso lweelwimi ezili-11 ezisemthethweni zelizwe lethu njengoko kubekiwe kuMgaqo-siseko luthathe iqonga eliphezulu kwinkqubo.





Esi Sakhelo seNkqubo sikwathatha unakano lomba wokuba ixabiso leelwimi zethu luqinisekiswa kakhulu luqoqosho, intlalo nopolitiko lokusetyenziswa kwazo. Xa ulwimi luphelelwe lixabiso kwezi zibakala isidima solwimi siyaduka. Isakhelo senkqubo yolwimi yesizwe sikwaqwalasela nokuba sijongene nomceli mngeni wobumbano yaye iilwimi zethu zesintu kufuneka zibe yinxalenye yommandla wobuchwepheshe obunwena ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke sijonge ukuqinisa kwakhona isidima nosetyenziso lweeLwimi zesiNtu zaseMzantsi Afrika.



Ndithemba ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika baza kusamkela esi sakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe njengesabo. Ndikholelwa ukuba ngokuhlangeneyo kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba inkqubo ibubunyani ebomini bethu, ivuma yaye isenza ukuba sibe nebhongo ngobuni bethu obubodwa boMzantsi Afrika.



…………………………..



UGQR. B S NGUBANE, MP









ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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ULUHLU LWEZIFINYEZO













(DAC)	(Department of Arts and Culture) ISebe lezoBugcisa neNkcubeko



(DoE)	(Department of Education) ISebe lezeMfundo



(HLT)	(Human Language Technologies) UbuChwepheshe boLwimi loLuntu



(LANGTAG)	(Language   Plan   Task   Group)   iQela   elinoXanduva   loCwangciso



loLwimi



(LiEP)	(Language in Education Policy) Ulwimi kwiNkqubo yezeMfundo



(MTEF)	(Medium-Term Expenditure Framework) Ubume beNkcitho yeXesha



eliPhakathi



(NLS)	(National Language Service) Inkonzo yoLwimi yeSizwe



(PanSALB)	(Pan   South   African   Language   Board)   iBhodi   yeeLwimi   Poqo



zaseMzantsi Afrika



(SADC)	(South    African    Development    Community)    Uluntu    loPhuhliso



laseMzantsi Afrika



(SAQA)	(South   African   Qualifications   Authority)   Abagunyazisi   beQondo



leMfundo laseMzantsi Afrika



(SASL)	(South   African   Sign   Language)   Ulwimi   lweZandla   lwaseMzantsi



Afrika



(TISSA)	(Telephone     Interpreting     Service     of     South     Africa)     Inkonzo



yeMfonomfono yoToliko yoMzantsi Afrika





































































ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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ICANDELO 1: IMVELAPHI NENTSINGISELO







1.1    Intshayelelo



Malunga nama 25 eelwimi ezahlukeneyo ezithethwayo eMzantsi Afrika, kuzo ezili 11 ezithe zanikwa ibakala elisemthethweni ngokwayamene neCandelo 6 loMgaqo-siseko,ka-1996 (UMthetho No. 108 wama 1996), phantsi kwemiba yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuquka malunga nama 98 eepesenti zoluntu luphela. 



Iilwimi ezili 11 ezisemthethweni zezi, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu nesiSwati (ezaziwa ngokuba liqela lolwimi lwesiNguni); isiSotho, isiPedi nesiTswana (ezaziwa ngokuba liqela lolwimi lwesiSotho); Tshivenda, Xitsonga, isiNgesi nesiBhulu. 



UMzantsi Afrika lilizwe elinobuninzi beelwimi. Uphawu olothusayo lobuninzi beelwimi eMzantsi Afrika ngumba wokuba iilwimi zesiNtu ezininzi zithethwa kwimida yonke yephondo, zisetyenziswa ngabathethi bolwimi bamaphondo awohlukeneyo. 



Ngoku kukho ukuqonda okumandla kwemfuneko yokuqinisa iinzame zokuphuhlisa iilwimi zesintu ebezihlelelekile mandulo ukuphakamisa ubuninzi bolwimi ngenjongo yokukhulula abantu baseMzantsi Afrika kuxhomekeko olungafanelekanga lokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezingezizo ezesiNtu njengeelwimi ezisemthethweni eziveleleyo zikaRhulumente. 



Ukuza kutsho ngoku ulawulo lweyantlukwano yeelwimi kuMzantsi Afrika wamandulo wocalulo lwenziwe lwayingxaki ngenxa yokusilela kwenkqubo yolwimi ecacileyo, ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwesiNgesi nesiBhulu njengezona lwiimi ziveleleyo kwimihlaba yentlalo-qoqosho nopolitiko loluntu lwethu. 



Emva kweminyaka esibhozo yenkululeko, uMzantsi Afrika ngoku ufikelele kumba obalulekileyo kwimbali yawo apho kufuneka sisabele kwiyantlukwano 





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yeelwimi nenkcubeko nakwimiceli mngeni yobuninzi beelwimi obukumgaqo- siseko, yiloo nto kuvezwe esi Sakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe.



Le nkqubo yoxwebhu lesakhelo ayiqalisi kuphela indlela entsha yobuninzi beelwimi eMzantsi Afrika koko ikwakhuthaza ngokumandla ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zesiNtu njengeelwimi ezisemthethweni ukuphakamisa nokuphuhlisa umanyano lwesizwe. Iqwalasela ukwamkelwa okuphangaleleyo kweyantlukwano yeelwimi, ubulungisa bentlalo, umthetho siseko wokufumana okulinganayo kwiinkonzo zoluntu neenkqubo, nokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo olwimi. 



Esi sakhelo sibeka ubume obufanelekileyo bolwabiwo oludibeneyo lobuninzi beelwimi kwimiba yoMgaqo-siseko. 







Intsingiselo yeMbali 





Ukususela ekufikeni kokuqala kwamaDatshi eMzantsi Afrika ngowama-1652, kwixesha lolawulo olulandelelanayo lwamaNgesi, iManyano yoMzantsi Afrika, yaye kamva ukubekwa kukaRhulumente wengcinezelo noweRiphablikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika, nokufika kwedemokrasi ngo-1994 namalungiselelo oMgaqo-siseko kubuninzi beelwimi ezisemthethweni, inkqubo yolwimi lukaRhulumente nabaphetheyo ayikwazanga kuphumelela ukunakana iyantlukwano yeelwimi eMzantsi Afrika. 



Le meko yaba neziphumo zokungalingani kweelwimi nokuvelela kwesiNgesi nesiBhulu kwadala unxulumano olungalinganiyo phakathi kwezi lwiimi kunye neelwimi zesiNtu. 



Ngako oko, iinkqubo zolwimi zezithanga nezocalulo, kunye neenkqubo zopolitiko ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, zavelisa uluhlu lweelwimi, ukungalingani okwahlutywa yimibutho yobuhlanga nocalulo olungalinganiyo olwenze uluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika. 





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Zonke ezi zenzo zadala inyaniso ecacileyo yesiphumo somgangatho weelwimi zesintu neelwimi ezizindidi ngeendidi zama-Afrika namanye amaqela ahlelelekileyo ukuquka neziThulu neeMfama – kunyanzelwa iingcinga ezigxekayo zeelwimi zesiNtu, ezingenziwa kuphela ngabathethi besiNgesi nesiBhulu, koko kwanangabathethi abaninzi beelwimi zesiNtu ngokwabo. 







Le meko yandiswa ngumba wokuba ukuba ngenxa yokungakhathaleli ixesha elizayo nangezimvo ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo malunga nokuphumeza iilwimi ngeelwimi,amaziko oluntu nawabucala anento yokuthatha izigqibo ezikhawulezileyo zolwimi . 







1.3    Intsingiselo yowiso mthetho





Icandelo 6 loMgaqo-siseko lunika isakhelo esiyintloko esisemthethweni sobuninzi beelwimi, uphuhliso lweelwimi ezisemthethweni nokuphakamisa ukuxabisa nokwamkela iyantlukwano yeelwimi zaseMzantsi Afrika. Inika abemi amalungelo olwimi, ekufuneka ebonakaliswe kwiinkqubo zolwimi zesizwe. 







Umgaqo-siseko ugxininisa ukuba zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni “mazixhamle isidima esifanayo” zize ziphathwe ngokufanayo, ngako oko kuqiniswe umgangatho nosetyenziso lweelwimi zesintu, norhulumente ethatha amanyathelo omthetho nangamanye ukumisela nokulawula usetyenziso lweelwimi zesiNtu ezihlelelekileyo. 



Umgaqo-siseko uyalele utshintsho kwimeko yolwimi kwilizwe liphela, unika ingqiqo yentlalo nopolitiko kumaqela eelwimi ezihlelelekileyo ngokubhekiselele “ kwiimfuno ezixeliweyo zabahlali namaqela anomdla”. 













ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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Icandelo 6(2) loMgaqo-siseko lifuna ukuba kubekwe ngendlela iinkqubo zokusebenza ukuphuhlisa ezi lwimi zesiNtu. 



Icandelo lesi-6(3) nelesi-(4) anamalungiselelo anxulumene nolwimi ngooRhulumente besizwe nabamaphondo, nalapho amasebe kaRhulumente kufuneka asebenzise ubuncinane beelwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni. 



Ukunyusa iyantlukwano yeelwimi ngokungakumbi, icandelo lesi-6(5) linika ukubekwa kweBhodi yeeLwimi Poqo zaseMzantsi Afrika (Pan South African Language Board) (PanSALB) likwaphakamisa iilwimi ezininzi nokubona uphuhliso nosetyenziso lweelwimi ezingezizo ezo zisemthethweni kuphela, koko nezo lwimi zamaKhoyi, amaNama namaSan , kwakunye (no/nee)lwimi zeZandla zaseMzantsi Afrika. IPanSALB yakha intlonipho yeeLwimi zeMvelo ezithethwayo ziingingqi ezithile zabahlali nezo lwimi ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zenkolo. 



Amanye amalungiselelo afanelekileyo aphathelele kwimiba yolwimi enziwe kwenye indawo kuMgaqo-siseko. Icandelo lesi-9(3) likhusela ngokuchaseneyo nocalulo olungafanelekanga ngokuphathelele kulwimi, ngexesha amacandelo 30 no 31(1) ebhekiselela kumalungelo oluntu ngokwayamene nokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkcubeko, inkolo nolwimi nolonwabo. Icandelo lama-35(3) nelesi (4) abhekiselela kumalungelo olwimi abantu ababanjiweyo, abagciniweyo nabatyholwayo, ngokugxininisa ngakumbi kwilungelo lokuthethwa kwetyala okulungileyo ngeenkqubo ezenziwe okanye ezitolikwe ngolwimi olukhethwe nguloo mntu. 



Isebe lezeMfundo (DoE) liveze “iNkqubo yoLwimi kwiMfundo (LiEP), egxininisa iilwimi ezininzi njengokunatyiswa kweyantlukwano yenkcubeko nendawo ephambili yokwakha uMzantsi Afrika ongenabuhlanga. Umgqaliselo kubafundi kukugcina ulwimi lwasekhaya lokufunda nokufundisa, kodwa ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuzuza iilwimi ezongezelelweyo. ILiEP isebenza ngemiba enje (ngo/ngee)lwimi zokufunda nezokufundisa kwizikolo 









ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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zikawonke-wonke, iikharityhulamu zesikolo, nemisebenzi enxulumene nolwimi yamasebe emfundo ephondo neebhodi ezilawula isikolo.



Umgaqo-siseko nonxulumano lowiso-mithetho kucaca ngokuphandle ukuphakanyiswa kobuninzi beelwimi eMzantsi Afrika. Esi Sakhelo seNkqubo ngako oko simelwe kukulungiselela ngokwanelisayo udibaniso lwenkqubo yolwimi kwimigangatho yomithathu kaRhulumente size sicacise imiba yenkqubo ecacileyo kumgangatho nosetyenziso lweelwimi zesintu ezisemthethweni kumaphondo onke alithoba eMzantsi Afrika. 



































































































ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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ICANDELO 2:  IMIBA ENGUNDOQO YENKQUBO







2.1    Iinjongo





Inkqubo yolwimi ithathela ingqalelo amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko kubuninzi beelwimi yaye ihambelana neenjongo zikaRhulumente zophuhliso loqoqosho, intlalo yopolitiko nemfundo. Iinjongo zayo –



Kukuphakamisa ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kweelwimi ezili-11 ezisemthethweni; 



Kukwenza ngokulula ukufumaneka okufanelekileyo kweenkonzo zikaRhulumente, ulwazi neenkcukacha; 



Kukuqinisekisa ukulungelelanisa iilwimi zesiNtu ezisemthethweni ebezihlelelekile ngaphambili; 



Kukuveza nokulolonga isifundo esicacileyo kubuninzi bolwimi nabathethi bolwimi; 



Kukukhuthaza ukufundwa kwezinye iilwimi zesiNtu ezisemthethweni ukunyusa ubumbano lwesizwe, neyantlukwano yolwimi nenkcubeko; no- 



Kuphakamisa ulawulo olulungileyo lolwimi lwenkonzo yolawulo yoluntu efanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana nokulindelweyo neemfuno zabaxhasi. 







2.2    Imithetho siseko





Inkqubo yolwimi ibhekiselele kule mithetho siseko ilandelayo:















ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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Ukuzinikela kuphuhliso lolwimi olufanelekileyo namalungelo olwimi njengoko kufunwa lulawulo lolwazelelelo olukhululekileyo; 



ukuqonda ukuba iilwimi yimithombo yokwandisa ulwazi ngokupheleleyo, ubunkcutshe nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zopolitiko nezentlalo yoqoqosho; 



ukusebenza ngolwahlulelwano oluhlangeneyo ukuphakamisa ubuninzi beelwimi zomgaqo-siseko; 



ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwalo naluphina ulwimi ngeenjongo zokuxhaphaza, ukuvelela nokucalula; noku 



qinisa ukuzicingela kwabantu ekuhlangabezeni umdla, iimfuno nolangazelelo lweendidi ezinabileyo zabathethi bolwimi ngengxoxo nocamngco oluqhubekayo. 











2.3    Indlela





Indlela iqonda oku kulandelayo:





Ukunyusa ubuninzi beelwimi eMzantsi Afrika kufuna iinzame ezingathi zingalujongi ulwazi olukhoyo kuluntu apho iilwimi zesintu ezisemthethweni ziphambili. Oku kuza kwenziwa lusetyenziso lokubandakanywa kwabahlali njengabathathi nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zophuhliso lolwimi. 



Iza kuba luncedo ukubandakanya iinkcutshe zolwimi ukuncedisa kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zobuninzi beelwimi ngophando nokusasazwa kweziphumo. 



Ukwenza intsebenziswano nolwabelwano loxanduva phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu eSADC ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lolwimi. 





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Kuza kuba yimfuneko ukuqhuba iinkqubo zokuhlaziya ukwenzela kulawulwe inkqubela phambili kuluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika olubuninzi bolwimi bupheleleyo. 







Uluntu olusekelwe kwindlela ekuphakanyisweni kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo yeyona inokwenzeka, enikwa uluntu loMzantsi Afrika onezigxina ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Makubekho indlela ekwabelwana ngayo amagunya kwaye ibe yeyothabatho nxaxheba kuyilo lweelwimi kunye nakuphumezo lwenkqubo enyusa ubuchule bobugcisa ukuze idlulise ulwazi nezakhono. 





2.4.     Umda wenkqubo



Umda okanye imimiselo yenkqubo ingoku kulandelayo:



Zonke izakhiwo zikaRhulumente (ezesizwe, zamaphondo kunye noorhulumente beengingqi), ngokunjalo namaziko asebenzisa amagunya karhulumente okanye enza umsebenzi karhulumente ngokomthetho abotshelelwe sesi Sakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi. 



Ekuphakamiseni iilwimi ezininzi amaphondo ayawukwenza iinkqubo zawo ezingqinelanayo nemigaqo equlethwe kwesi Sakhelo seNkqubo, bethathela ingqalelo iimeko zemimandla yabo, kunye neemfuno zabo nokukhethwa kwalo luluntu njengoko kuxeliwe kuMgaqo-siseko. 



Oorhulumente beengingqi bayakumisela ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kunye nokukhethwa luluntu kwiSakhelo seNkqubo sephondo esivumayo. Ekumiselweni kolwimi emalusetyenziswe kunye nokukhethwa luluntu, oorhulumente beengingqi, kufuneka ngokucebisana okubanzi kunye noluntu lwabo, baphuhlise, bapapashe kwaye baphumeze inkqubo yeelwimi ezininzi. 



Iilwimi ezisemthethweni ziza kusetyenziswa njengoko kuyimfuneko kwimisebenzi yazo zonke izindlu zowiso-mthetho, kuqukwa neencwadi ze- Hansard, njengomcimbi wokulunga, ngaphandle kokuba kwimeko yowiso- mthetho lwamaphondo, iimeko zemimandla ziyakumisela u(ii)lwimi omalusetyenziswe. 



URhulumente uyakukhuthaza, kwaye apho kukho imfuneko axhase, amashishini abucala ukuba aphuhlise kwaye aphumeze iinkqubo zawo zeelwimi ngokuvumelana neSakhelo seNkqubo yolwimi yesizwe. 



Ukunyusa iilwimi ezininzi le nkqubo imisela ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo kwizakhiwo zikaRhulumente njengale ndlela ilandelayo: 



U(ii)lwimi zokusebenza/u(ii)lwimi lwerekhodi: Ngokuvumelana, isakhiwo sikarhulumente ngasinye kufuneka sivumelane ngo(ii)lwimi 





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lokusebenza (ngeenjongo zonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi kunye namanye amasebe); Ngaphandle kokuba apho kunokwenzeka akukho mntu uyakuthintelwa ukuba asebenzise u(ii)lwimi alukhethayo. Ngeenjongo zokuqhuba iintlanganiso okanye zokwenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo zonke mazenziwe iinzame zokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezifana noguqulo kunye/okanye ukutolika (zombini ngokulandelelanayo nangaxeshanye, ngokunjalo nokutolika okusebezayo) ukulwenza lula ulwimi apho kunokwenzeka khona.



UNxibelelwano kunye namalungu oluntu: Ngeenjongo zeembalelwano ezisemthethweni, ulwimi olukhethwa ngummi malusetyenziswe. Lonke unxibelelwano lomlomo malwenzeke malwenziwe ngolwimi olukhethekayo loluntu ekujoliswe kulo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, zonke iinzame mazenziwe ezokusebenzisa izibonelelo zokwenza lula ulwimi njengokutolika (okulandelelanayo, okwaxesha nye, olomnxeba notoliko olusebezayo ) apho kunokwenzeka khona. 



UShicilelo lukaRhulumente: inkqubo yopapasho yeelwimi ezininzi ezisebenzayo kufuneka ilandelwe ngamasebe kaRhulumente esizwe kwezi zehlo zingafuni ushicilelo ngazo zoli-11 iilwimi ezisemthethweni nakwiilwimi ezimiselwe amaphondo 



Apho umsebenzi onamandla nozinzileyo kaRhulumente kuwo nakuwuphi na umgangatho ufuna ulwazi lonxibelelwano olubanzi, kufuneka ushicilelwe ngazo zoli-11 iilwimi ezisemthethweni kunye nakumaphondo, ngazo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni ezimiselweyo. 



Kwizehlo apho amaxwebhu asebuRhulumenteni angazi kufumaneka ngazo zoli-11 iilwimi ezisemthethweni, amasebe kaRhulumente wesizwe funeka apapashe amaxwebhu ngaxeshanye okungenani ngeelwimi ezintandathu. Ukhetho lweelwimi luyawukwenziwa ngoku kulandelayo: 



Okungenani olunye kwiqela lesinguni (isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu nesiSwati); 



Okungenani olunye kwiqela lesi-Sotho (isiPedi, isiSotho, isiTswana); 



Tshivenda; 



Xitsonga; 



IsiNgesi; kunye 



NesiBhulu. 



Umthetho-siseko wokutshintsha kufuneka usetyenziswe xa kukhethwa iilwimi zokupapashwa kwamaxwebhu kaRhulumente kwiilwimi zesiNguni kunye nesiSotho. 









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uNxibelelwano lwangaphakathi: Unxibelelwano lukaRhulumente kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe iya kuba sisiNgesi okanye kulungiselelwe ulwimi olukhethwayo lwelo lizwe libandakanyekayo 



Icandelo lesi-3:Uphuhliso lwezakhono





3.1 Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yeelwimi kuyakunyusa imfuno yomsebenzi wokuguqula kunye nokuhlela kunye neenkonzo zokutolika, ingakumbi kwiilwimi zesintu. Undoqo wobuchule bokuguqula kwezi lwimi kuyakufuneka ukuba unatyiswe kumasebe kaRhulumente nakumacandelo abucala, oko kukuthi, kubasebenzi ngeelwimi abasebenza ixeshana abanjengabaguquli, abahleli kunye neetoliki eziza kufuna ukuphuhliswa. Imfuno enyukileyo yeenkonzo zabasebenzi ngeelwimi abaqinisekisiweyo iyakufuna uqeqesho lwezakhono olungaphaya.



Ukusekwa kweeyunithi zeelwimi kwisebe ngalinye likarhulumente wesizwe kunye nakwiphondo ngalinye nako kuyakwenza into kumda wemisebenzi yeNkonzo yeeLwimi zeSizwe. I-NLS kuyakufuneka ukuba ilungelelanise ulawulo lokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo ngokwenza lula uqeqesho lweyunithi yesitafu seelwimi kwimisebenzi yoyilo lweelwimi kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zokusebenza zezi yunithi. I-NLS iya kuba yimfanelo yayo ukulungelelanisa uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokuqeqesha zabaguquli, abahleli kunye neetoliki, kunye nokuseka imigaqo yokusebenza kwimiba yobulunga. 



Imimandla ye-terminography kunye nesigama nayo iya kuchaphazeleka. Ukunyuka kumsebenzi woguqulo uyakufuna uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesigama kwiilwimi ezisemthethweni kunye noVimba wamagama weSizwe ofikelelekayo kubo bobabini abasebenzi ngeelwimi bakarhulumente nabasebenza ngamathuba athile. 



Ukufumaneka kokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe beelwimi obunokusetyenziswa ngumntu (HLT)(umzekelo, uguqulo oluncediswa ngumatshini, iinkumbulo zoguqulo, isikhangeli magama) kwiilwimi zesintu kuyakudlala indima enkulu exhasayo ekwenziweni lula kwemisebenzi yeelwimi. 





Indlela yobungakanani beeyunithi zeelwimi iyakumiselwa kwaye uqeqesho lwezakhono kulo mmandla kuyakufuneka ukuba kuqalwe ngalo emva kokucingwa kwenani leelwimi ezisemthethweni eziza kusetyenziswa.Iiyunithi zinesitafu esiqinisekisiweyo esingabantu abane okanye ngaphezulu, abaza kufuna oomabhalane 



Uphuliso lwezakhono kwimimandla echongiweyo ekwenziweni lula kolwimi luyawukwenziwa ngokuhlanganyelana nabaniki zinkonzo njengamaziko emfundo enomsila anika iinkqubo zeziqinisekiso ze-SAQA kunye nezifundo 







ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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ekusetyenzisweni kweelwimi, uguqulo nokuhlela, ukutolika, uyilo lwelwimi, terminography ne-lexicography.



Icandelo lesi- 4: iziCwangciso zokuphumeza











Ukungeniswa okuqhubayo kokungeniswa kwenkqubo ngexesha elifutshane, eliphakathi nelide sesona sicwangciso sikhethekayo kuyo yonke imigangatho. 



Ngokumayela noshicilelo lukarhulumente, uphunyezo luyakungeniswa ngendlela evumayo nejonga okubambekayo kwizibonelelo zikarhulumente okungenani kwixesha leminyaka emithathu. Okuhle kule ndlela yokungenisa kancinane kukuba amasebe aza kuba nakho ukuphuhlisa izakhono ngokwandisayo kwaye alawule inkqubo yophunyezo ngamandla. 



Izakhiwo zikarhulumente ziya kuba nexesha lokuceba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwazo ngokwenyusa kancinane ulwabiwo kwixesha le-MTEF kunye nemisebenzi yokuyila engqinelanayo nezibonelelo ezifunekayo kuphunyezo olunempumelelo lwenkqubo. 



Iindlela zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ubulunga beenkonzo zoguqulo kunye nokuhlela ziyakuphuhliswa. 



Ngokuhlanganyelana kunye ne-PanSALB, iSebe lezobuGcisa neNkcubeko liyakuhlola inkqubela kwaye lenze ingxelo ngamathuba axeliweyo kuzo zonke iziphathamandla ezibalulekileyo. 



Uphengululo lwenkqubo luyakuqhutywa rhoqo kwaye izindululo ziyawukwenzelwa ukuba zilungiswe apho kukho khona imfuneko ukwenzela ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo mali lunyenyiswe. 



Izakhiwo ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukuqhuba inkqubo ziya kubekwa 



endaweni. Oku kuza kuquka ukusekwa kweeyunithi zeelwimi kuwo onke amasebe esizwe kaRhulumente kunye nakumaphondo ukuze alawule –



Unxibelelwano lomlomo lwangaphakathi noluphakathi kwamasebe kuwo onke amacandelo kaRhulumente; 

Unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo lwangaphakathi noluphakathi kwamasebe kuwo onke amacandelo kaRhulumente; 

unxibelelwano lomlomo noluntu 



unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo noluntu; kunye 



nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe apho kukho khona imfuneko. 



Ezinye iindlela zokuphumeza eziya kusetyenziswa iya kuba yiKhowudi yoLwimi 











ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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yokuziPhatha yabaSebenzi bakaRhulumente, ukusekwa kweBhunga labaSebenzi ngeeLwimi loMzantsi Afrika, iNkonzo yoToliko ngomNxeba yoMzantsi Afrika (Telephone Interpreting Service for South Africa) (TISSA), isicwangciso sophuhliso lweelwimi ebezingasiwa so ngaphambili njengeHLT.





4.9 Iimfanelo ezongezelelekileyo zikaRhulumente malunga nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yeelwimi yesizwe zingoku kulandelayo:



ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwemicimbi yabasebenzi olufunekayo bokuphunyezwa kweelwimi ezininzi olunempumelelo; 

ukulawula umsebenzi wokwenza lula iilwimi umzekelo uguqulo, utoliko kunye nesigama, ngophuhliso kunye nomthetho ofanelekileyo; 

ukuxhasa iinzame ezikhethekileyo zokulungisa kunye/okanye iinkqubo zeelwimi zesintu ezingasiwa so, iilwimi zesintu kunye neelwimi zama-Khoi, San kunye nezama-Nama, ngokunjalo no(ii)lwimi lweZandla loMzantsi Afrika; kunye 



nokuxhasa ukufundwa kunye nokufundiswa kwazo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni zoMzantsi Afrika kuyo yonke imigangatho yesikolo. 





















































































ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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Uluhlu lweenkcazelo



lwimi-mbini
 
Isenzo    sokusebenzisa    iilwimi    ezimbini    (akukho    mfuneko
 

 

 

 
yokusetyenziswa ngobuchule obulinganayo kuzo zombini).
 

 
ukuphuhliswa
 
Ukuphakanyiswa    kolwimi    ngokulubhala,    ukufanisa    isigama
 

 
kolwimi
 

 
kunye   nokunatyiswa   kwemisebenzi   ukwenzela   ukuba   ulwimi
 

 

 

 
lusetyenziswe
 
nakwabeendaba,
 
kwimfundo,
 
kwiinkqubo
 

 

 

 
zomthetho   kunye   nolawulo,   kunye   nokunika   umda   jikelele
 

 

 

 
kushicilelo lwemisebenzi yoncwadi kolo lwimi.
 

 

 

 

 
ukuhlela
 

 
Isenzo    sokufaka    izilungiso    kulwimi    kunye/okanye    isimbo
 

 

 

 
kwimihlathi ebhaliweyo
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ubulungisa
 
Ubulunga   bokulunga,   ukungakhethi,   umsebenzi   olinganayo;
 

 

 

 
okufanelekileyo nokulungileyo.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
iilwimi
 
ezininzi
 
Kubhekisele     kukhetho     lo     (ii)     lwimi     oluthile     kwisimo
 

 
ezisebenzayo
 
esikhethekileyo,
 
kumiselwa
 
ngumxholo
 
apho
 
ulwimi
 

 

 

 
lusetyenziswe     khona,     njengomsebenzi,     ababukeli     kunye
 

 

 

 
nomyalezo olusetyenziselwe wona.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
iilwimi zelifa
 
Iilwimi ezingasizizo ezemveli zelizwe kodwa ezize nabafuduki
 

 
iilwimi
 

 
NgokwaseMzantsi    Afrika,    ezi    ziilwimi    ezabekwa    ezantsi
 

 
ezihlelelekileyo
 
ngokwesikhundla   ngaloo   maqela   ebenamandla   ngaphambili
 

 
ngokwembali
 
kwaye,  ngenxa  yoko  ebezingasetyenziswa  okanye  ziphuhliswe
 

 

 

 
khon’ukuze     zisetyenziswe     kwiindaba,     kwimfundo     (emva
 

 

 

 
kwemfundo   yabasaqalayo),   okanye   kuwonke-wonke   okanye
 

 

 

 
kwiindawo
 
ezibalulekileyo  ngokoqoqosho.
 
Yinkxaso  encinane
 

 

 

 
eyanikwayo  kuphuhliso  lweendlela  zobugcisa  bomlomo  kwezi
 

 

 

 
lwimi.  Ziquka iilwimi zesintu, iilwimi zamafa kunye ne-SASL.
 

 
ubuchwepheshe
 
Ukusetyenziswa   kolwazi   lolwimi   kuphuhliso   lwezixokelelwano
 

 
beelwimi zabantu
 
zekhompyutha   ezinokubona,   ziqonde,   zitolike   kwaye   ziveze
 

 

 

 
ulwimi     lwabantu     ngazo     zonke     iintlobo;     njengophuhliso
 

 

 

 
lwemisebenzi    eyenza    ukuba    abantu    bakwazi    ukusebenza
 

 

 

 
ngeekhompyutha.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ulwimi lwemveli
 
Ulwimi lwemveli lwelo lizwe.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ukutolika
 

 
Isenzo   sokuthetha   utolike   ususa   kulwimi   olusisiseko   usisa
 

 

 

 
kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ukuqondwa
 
Ubuntununtunu  bokuba  ulwimi  lusetyenziswa  njani  na  kuluntu,
 

 
kolwimi
 

 
nokuba  abasebenzisi  bayanikwa  na  amalungelo  abo  eelwimi,
 

 

 

 
kunye  nokuba  ulwimi  lusetyenziswa  njani  na  ukwazisa  okanye
 

 

 

 
ukungazisi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ukulingana
 
Ngokwemiqathango yomgaqo-siseko, zonke iilwimi fanele ukuba
 

 
kweelwimi
 
zifumana
 
intlonelo
 
elinganayo.Ukuphathwa
 

 
okulinganayo
 

 

 

 
kweelwimi   ezimbini   nangaphezulu,   ingakumbi   ngokumayela
 

 

 

 
neendawo     ezisemthethweni     zoluntu     ezifana     nomthetho,
 

 

 

 
ubulungisa, ulawulo loluntu kunye nomyalelo.
 

 

 

 

 
ubulungisa
 
Ubulunga    bommiselo    wolwimi    kunye/okanye    ukuphathwa
 

 
belwimi
 

 
kweelwimi
 
ezimbini  okanye  ngaphezulu.
 
Imiba
 
efana
 
nenani
 

 

 

 
lezithethi  kunye  nesikhundla  solwimi  sinokuchaphazela  inkqubo
 

 

 

 
ekubeni imisele iindawo zokusetyenziswa kolwimi oluthile.   Oku
 

 

 

 
kunokungalingani
 
“(A)
 
uRhulumente
 
akanakusebenzisa
 
zonke
 

 






ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002



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iilwimi  zabemi  bakhe  kwaye  kufuneka  azinyine  ekusebenziseni
 

 

 
u(ii)lwimi  lwakhe  ezi/olusemthethweni,  okanye  iilwimi  ezithile,
 

 

 
ngendlela enye okanye ngenye”
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
uyilo lolwimi
 
Uyilo    lolwimi    lujolise     kwizisombululo    kwiingxaki    zolwimi
 

 

 
ngokuveza  ezinye  iinjongo,  iindlela  kunye  neziphumo.
 
Kuquka
 

 

 
iinkqubo   zokulawula   kunye   nokuphucula   iilwimi   ngophuhliso
 

 

 
lweelwimi.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
inkqubo yeelwimi
 
Isigqibo/ummiselo
 
osemthethweni
 
ngobume
 

 

 
beelwimi
 

 

 
ezahlukeneyo
 
ezithethwa
 

 
kuluntu
 

 

 
lweentlobo
 

 

 
ngeentlobo/ubuninzi  beelwimi,   umzekelo   loluphi   ulwimi   oluya
 

 

 
kuba  lolwesizwe  okanye  olusemthethweni,  zeziphi  iilwimi  eziya
 

 

 
kusetyenziswa   njengezemimandla   kwaye   ubume   bazo   buya
 

 

 
kuba yintoni.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
amalungelo
 
Imithetho emisela isimo apho abemi banokuzikhethela iilwimi.
 

 
eelwimi
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
iiyunithi zeelwimi
 
ii-arhente    zikaRhulumente    kumasebe    kunye    namaphondo
 

 

 
ezisebenza ngemiba ethe ngqo yeelwimi elo sebe kunye/okanye
 

 

 
iphondo evela kwiNkqubo yeeLwimi yeSizwe kunye nokudibana
 

 

 
kunye namanye amasebe kwimicimbi yeelwimi
 

 

 

 

 

 
i-lexicography
 
Umsebenzi wokuqulunqa izichazi magama.
 

 

 

 

 

 
iindlela
 
Iindlela   zekhompyutha   eziguqula   ngeletroniki   okubhaliweyo
 

 
zokuguqula
 
ukusuka kolunye ulwimi kuye kolunye.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ngomatshini
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ulwimi
 
Naluphi   na   ulwimi   olusemthethweni   olungafakwanga   ukuba
 

 
olungasiwe so
 
lusetyenziswe okanye ukusetyenziswa kwalo kungakhuthazwayo
 

 

 
kwiimeko    ezisesikweni    (umzekelo    kwimfundo,    kukhathalelo
 

 

 
lwempilo).”Ukungasiwa
 
so”,
 
kuthetha
 
ukuba
 

 
sezantsi
 

 

 
kwesikhundla   solwimi   kwaye   mhlawumbi   nabantu   abathetha
 

 

 
lona.
 
Umzekelo
 
i-Xitsonga,  Tshivenda,  isiNdebele
 
nesiSwati
 

 

 
zithathwa njengeelwimi ezingasiwa so eMzantsi Afrika.
 

 

 
lwimi
 
Ulwimi   lomyalelo   wegumbi   lokufundela   njengoko   kumiselwe
 

 
olusetyenziswayo
 
yikharityhulam   kunye   nenkqubo   yelwimi.”Ulwimi   lokufunda”,
 

 
(ulwimi
 
luthetha     ukusuka      kancinane      kufakwe      umba      wokuba
 

 
lokufunda)
 
kunokusetyenziswa  ngaphezulu  kolwimi  olunye  kwaye  abafundi
 

 

 
banokufikelela kolunye kunolusetyenziswayo olusemthethweni.
 

 
iilwimi ezininzi
 
Ukusetyenziswa    kweelwimi    ezintathu    okanye    ngaphezulu
 

 

 
ngumntu  okanye  liqela  labantu  abathetha  olo  lwimi  njengabemi
 

 

 
bommandla othile okanye isizwe.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ulwimi
 
Ulwimi
 
olusetyenziswa
 
eburhulumenteni,
 
ezinkundleni
 

 
olusemthethweni
 
zomthetho, kwimfundo, kushishino, nangabeendaba.
 

 

 

 
uguqulo
 
Isenzo  sokutshintshela  okubhaliweyo  kulwimi  okubhalwe  ngalo
 

 

 
kusiya kolunye (ekujoliswe kulo) ulwimi ngohlobo olubhaliweyo.
 

 
isigama
 
Amagama  obugcisa  enziwe  ukuba  afane  enzelwe  ummandla
 

 

 
wezifundo okhethekileyo
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


No. of words: 2,935















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ISakhelo seNkqubo yoLwimi yeSizwe  - 2002

