Training (Wheat)										IsiXhosa

	

IGrain SA inika luphi uqeqesho?



Imiyalelo: 

Folio strap: Uqeqesho

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA weNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama 

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INkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama yaseGrain SA inenjongo yokuphuhlisa abalimi abamnyama abarhwebayo nabanezakhono. Umsebenzi wokuvelisa umbona, oojongilanga, ingqolowa namazimba ubandakanya izenzo eziphambili zomsebenzi wokuvelisa, ukuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa koomatshini nolawulo. 



Iingxaki ezinkulu abajongene nazo abalimi abasaphuhlayo zezi zilandelayo (kwaye mhlawumbi ngalo olu landelelwaniso): 

Ukungabikho kwenzuzo kwimveliso yokutya okuziinkozo emhlabeni owomileyo eMzantsi Afrika (mncinci

kakhulu umda weemposiso); 

Unqongophalo lolwazi, ubuchule namava;

Unqongophalo lwemali yemveliso;

Unqongophalo loomatshini abaneleyo; kananjalo

Imibandela enxulumene nomhlaba kunye nokukhathalelwa komhlaba. 



Izifundo eziyintshayelelo

Izifundo zokuqala esiziphuhlisileyo kwinkqubo yethu zezi: “Intshayelelo ngeMveliso yoMbona”, “Intshayelelo ngeMveliso kaJongilanga”, “Intshayelelo ngeMveliso yamaZimba”, ngokunjalo “Intshayelelo ngeMveliso yeNgqolowa”, kwaye ziquka imibandela yemveliso ephambili. Ezi zifundo zineemodyuli ezilandelayo: 

Umhlaba nemozulu;

Iinkcukacha ngesakhiwo sesityalo; 

Iimfuneko zezondlo zezityalo;

Ukutyala isityalo;

Ukhula nokutshatyalaliswa kwalo; 

Izitshabalalisi-zityalo nezifo; kananjalo 

Ukugcinwa kweengxelo.



Njengomlimi osaphuhlayo, sicebisa ukuba uqalise ngesifundo esinye kwezi zifundo, kuxhomekeka nakwizityalo ezilinywe kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Ukuba akuqali ngesi sifundo, uza kuzibona utsala nzima ngokulawula iziqulatho zezifundo ezilandelayo nto leyo eya kuthoba isantya sokuqhubela phambili kwabanye abafundi kwiqela lakho. 



Izifundo zeBanga eseliPhambili ngeMveliso yoMbona neNtengiso 

Isixa solwazi esikhoyo malunga nomsebenzi wokufama ngokurhweba sikhulu, kwaye ngophuhliso lwesifundo ngasinye, sifumana ubunzima bokwazi ukuba zinto zini esinokuzishiyelela kwizifundo njengoko kusuka kube kuninzi kakhulu ekufuneka kufundiswe ngomba ngamnye ngethuba lezifundo. Kukwakhona iziseko esibone ukuba kufuneka zibandakanywe kwibanga ngalinye. Siqaphele ukuba asikwazi kubandakanya yonke imiba ebalulekileyo ephathelelene nemveliso kunye nokuthengisa kwizifundo zebanga lokuqala, ngoko ke saphuhlisa “Izifundo zeBanga eseliPhambili ngeMveliso yoMbona neNtengiso”. Ezi zifundo zibandakanya iimodyuli ezilandelayo: 

Intshayelelo – ukubuyelela izifundo eziyintshayelelo; 

Intshayelelo yemisebenzi yokulima;		 

Izixhobo nokubaluleka kwazo emsebenzini wokuvelisa izityalo;				 

Ulawulo lokuchuma umhlaba;				

Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula nezitshabalalisi-zityalo ngemichiza;	

Ukuvunwa kokutya okuziinkozo, ukukuphatha nokukulondoloza;	

Ukuthengisa ukutya okuziinkozo; kananjalo 					

I-inshorensi yezityalo nolawulo lwemingcipheko. 



Izifundo zeBanga eseliPhambili ngeMveliso yoMbona zinobugcisa obuthe vetshe ngakumbi malunga nokuchuma komhlaba kunye nobumuncu bomhlaba. Ukuba kufuneka uzuze ulwazi olunzulu malunga nezi zifundo, kufuneka ukuba ube ubuyile kwizifundo zebanga lentshayelelo, ngoku ube sowunayo imveliso yokutya okuziinkozo okuthengiswayo. Ezi zifundo enyanisweni azizozifundo zomlimi wezixa ezincinci okanye olimela ukuziphilisa. 



Intshayelelo yeziFundo zabaPhathi beSolulo ngeMveliso yoMbona 

Baninzi kakhulu abaphathi besolulo abasebenzela amasebe ahluka-hlukeneyo ezoLimo kwaye kufuneka banikele ngenkonzo yesolulo kubalimi. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwaba bantu abanalo uqeqesho okanye abanamava kumba wemveliso yokutya okuziinkozo. Abanye baneziqinisekiso zemfundo ezaneleyo kodwa abanawo amava omsebenzi, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wokufama. Siphuhlise izifundo ezithi, “Intshayelelo yeziFundo zabaPhathi beSolulo ngeMveliso yoMbona”. Sesizinike abaphathi besolulo abaninzi ezi zifundo kwaye sigxininise kakhulu kwicala lokwenza umsebenzi wemveliso yokutya okuziinkozo – sikholelwa ekubeni oku kube namandla eempembelelo ezibanzi ekunikweni kweenkonzo ngaba baphathi besolulo.



Izifundo ngoLondolozo lweeTrektara neziXhobo zokuFama

Omnye wemiba ebaluleke kakhulu ngemveliso yokurhweba ngombona ubandakanya iitrektara nezixhobo. Sifumanise ukuba imeko yezixhobo ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngabalimi abasaphuhlayo ikumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu wokusebenza – yiloo nto kwabakho izifundo ezithi “ULondolozo lweeTrektara neziXhobo zokuFama”. Ezi zifundo ziqulethe iimodyuli ezilandelayo: 

Izixhobo nokhuselo;

Iinjini – iindlela ezisebenza ngazo;	

Iitreyini zamandla ombane;

Iibheringi nemitywino;		

IiV-Belt namatyathanga;

Amathayara nemizila;

Uxinzelelo lwamanzi;

Ulondolozo lweetrektara;

Ulawulo lweengxaki; kananjalo

Izixhobo zokufama.



Ezi zifundo zinyanzelekile kuye wonke ubani ocinga ukuba ngumlimi orhwebayo – kufuneka uzazi kakuhle izixhobo zakho ukuze ukwazi ukuzikhathalela. Ukusebenza ngoomatshini abalungileyo yenye yezinto ezisentloko malunga nemveliso yokurhweba. Akusayi kuze ube ngumlimi wolondolozo orhweba ngokutya okuziinkozo xa ungaziphathi kakuhle ngokwaneleyo iitrektara nezixhobo zakho.

 

Izifundo zababhambathiswa

Sifumene ingqalelo yokuba abalimi abancinci abaliqela; ngakumbi eMpuma-Koloni abangenazo iitrektara noomatshini abangababo (Isicwangciso sesiBhadlalala sokuTya seSebe lezoLimo eMpuma-Koloni sisebenzisa ababhambathiswa abebesoloko bengawenzi kakuhle umsebenzi). Sifumanise ke ngoko ukuba kungaba yinto entle kubalimi bombona ukufumana izifundo ezinokubanceda ukuba yande ingqiqo yabo malunga nababhambathiswa malunga nemibuzo yokuba “kutheni nokuba phi” malunga nemisebenzi eyahluka-hlukeneyo. Siphuhlise ke ngoko “Izifundo zabaBhambathiswa”,, ezibandakanya iimodyuli ezilandelayo: 

Umsebenzi wobhambathiso kwezoLimo; 

Umhlaba nokubaluleka kwawo emsebenzini wokuvelisa izityalo; 

Ukuhlakula nokubaluleka kwako emsebenzini wokuvelisa izityalo; 

Ukutyala izityalo; 

Ukutshabalalisa ukhula nezitshabalalisi-zityalo ngokutshiza; kananjalo 

Ulondolozo lweetrektara. 



Kwinkqubo yethu, sichasa ukusetyenziswa kwababhambathiswa ngezizathu ezilandelayo: 

Bandisa iindleko zomsebenzi wokuvelisa;

Kaninzi abalimi baqalisa emva kwexesha ukwenza umsebenzi njengoko ababhambathiswa behlala bexakekile; kananjalo

Ababhambathiswa ubukhulu becala abawunyusi umgangatho wabo womsebenzi ngendlela enqwenelekayo. 



Naxa kunjalo, kukho iziganeko apho amasimi abalimi emancinci kakhulu, ngoko ke kungabikho mfuneko yokuba netrektara ukuze ukusetyenziswa kwababhambathiswa kube yimfuneko xa kunjalo. Sinethemba lokuba nokunikela ngezifundo zabaBhambathiswa kubabhambathiswa bezolimo, baya kukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuyenza kakuhle imisebenzi yokulima, ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, ngamaxesha afanelekileyo nangokwexabiso anako ukulihlawula umlimi. Ukuba umlimi akahlawuli, nombhambathiswa akasayi kuba nekamva leshishini. 



Izifundo ngesiCwangciso sokuFama noVavanyo lwemiThombo yokuSebenza

Phambi kowe-1994, inkoliso yabalimi abamnyama babelima kwiindawo ezazihlala abamnyama kwithuba langaphambili. Emva kowe-1994, abalimi abaninzi abatsha baqala bafikelela emihlabeni yokufama. Ngelishwa, abalimi abaninzi babengenalwazi/abanalwazi lobugoci-goci bomsebenzi wokufama nokuba asinguwo wonke umhlaba ofanele zonke iintlobo zokulima. Sinamava okuba abalimi bafuna ukulima umbona kuzo zonke iindawo zaseMzantsi Afrika, apho iintlobo zomhlaba nezimbo zokuna kwemvula zingawukhuthaziyo umsebenzi wemveliso onenzuzo. “Izifundo ngesiCwangciso sokuFama noVavanyo lwemiThombo yokuSebenza” zaziyilelwe ukuncedisa abalimi ngokuvavanya imithombo yokusebenza abanayo nokwenza isicwangciso sokuba ingaba bangayisebenzisa njani ukuze benze umsebenzi wokufana onenzuzo nolondolozo. Ngenxa yokuba sesisebenze nabalimi abathile ngokusebenzisa amaqela ofundo-nzulu kwiminyaka ngeminyaka, sikwazile ukuqalisa “iNkqubo yamaFama ekwiBanga eseliPhambili” encedise abaququzeleli bamaphondo malunga namanani athile abalimi ngabanye ngabanye. Nalapha sifumanise ukuba abalimi abakakwazi ukusebenzisa imithombo yobutyebi abanayo ngendlela ebalaseleyo, kwaye bafuna inkxaso ukuze bagqalisele kwimibandela esentloko eyenza umsebenzi wokufama onempumelelo. Ezi zifundo zibandakanya iimodyuli ezilandelayo: 

Intshayelelo (ukuqaliswa kokulima, indlela eziphuhla ngayo izityalo, ukwandiswa kwezityalo ezitsha, umbona iimpawu zomsebenzi wokufama);

Ukulima umhlaba nolawulo;				

Uvavanyo lwemithombo yokusebenza – ephathekayo nengoomatshini; 

Uvavanyo lwemithombo yokusebenza – imali eyinkunzi nezabantu; 		

Ukuguqulela isicwangciso sibe yimisebenzi; kananjalo

Imiba yomsebenzi esentloko.	



Izifundo zoPhuhliso lweeNtlobo zoBuchule bokuSebenza

AmaSebe ezoLimo ePhondo anamanani amakhulu abaphathi besolulo abanolwazi oluthile lwezifundo zokufama, kodwa abaphantse ukungabi nalo kwaphela ulwazi lokusebenza okanye iintlobo zobuchule. Ngalo lonke ithuba loqeqesho lwabalimi, sisebenze kufutshane neSebe lezoLimo kwaye nabo sibanike izifundo ezininzi. Ngokoluvo lwethu, xa sinokuxhobisa abaphathi besolulo ngolwazi oluyimfuneko, siya kukwazi ukuncedisa abalimi abaninzi ngakumbi size sibakhokelele kumsebenzi wemveliso yokurhweba. Asibadibanisi abalimi nabaphathi besolulo ngamathuba ezifundo njengoko abaphathi besolulo basuka bangakuthakazeleli ukubuza imibuzo esidlangalaleni sabalimi. Nangona zonke izifundo zethu zibandakanya imiboniso ebukelwayo ngamathuba asemva kwemini, sifumanise ukuba abaphathi besolulo bebengekakwazi amaqondo emilinganiselo nohlalutyo xa beyekwe bodwa. Ngoko ke siphuhlise. “Izifundo zoPhuhliso lweeNtlobo zoBuchule bokuSebenza” ezibandakanya iimodyuli ezilandelayo:

Isixokelelwano se-metric; 

Ingqiqo ngendawo; 

Isakhono somhlaba; 

Ukwenza amaqondo emilinganiselo nolondolozo; kananjalo 

Ukwenza amaqondo esitshizi se-boom nolondolozo. 



Izifundo ezisisiSeko sokuKhanda iNjini

Abalimi abaninzi ababeze kwizifundo ngeeTrektara neziXhobo zokuFama bacela izifundo ezilandeliswayo

ezinokubancedisa ekuqondeni iziseko zokukhandwa kwenjini. Abalimi abaninzi baxhatshazwe ngenxa

yonqongophalo lwabo lolwazi malunga nokukhandwa kwenjini kunye neetreyini zamandla ombane. “Izifundo

ezisisiSeko sokuKhanda iNjini” zaphuhliswa kwaye zibandakanya iimodyuli ezilandelayo:

Izixhobo zokusebenza zokhuselo, zezandla nezocoselelo; 

Iinxalenye zenjini; 

Ukufumanisa ingxaki; 

Ukuchitha-chitha injini ikhutshelwe ngaphandle; 

EUvavanyo lokuhlanganisela injini; kananjalo 

Imigqaliselo.

 

Kufanele ukugxininiswa apha ukuba izifundo ezisisiSeko sokuKhanda injini azenzi linge lokunika uqeqesho ngezokukhanda ngokubanzi. Ezi zifundo zityhilela umfundi kuphela ngeenxalenye ezahluka-hlukeneyo zenjini nokuthi xa zizonke zidibana njani ukwenza injini. Ukukhanda injini ngumsebenzi wobugcisa obuphezulu kakhulu kwaye ngabantu abanoqeqesho oluqinisekisiweyo kuphela abafanele ukukwenza oko. Ukukhandwa kwenjini nebhokisi yeegiyeri kunexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kanti kulula kakhulu ukuchitha imali xa ungenasakhono sipheleleyo. 



Izifundo ngeMveliso yoMbona neRhasi (Barley) eziphantsi konkcenkcesho

Njengayo nayiphi inkqubo, njengoko abantu besiya ngokutyhileleka ngomsebenzi owenziwayo, kuvela ezinye iimfuno. Baliqela abalimi kwisiphaluka saseTaung/Hartswater abanofikelelo kunkcenkcesho, nakwezinye iindawo zaseMntla-Ntshona naseFree State. Nangona iziseko zemveliso yombona zifana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ingaba utyalwa emhlabeni onkcenkceshwayo okanye owomileyo na, kanti ikhona neminye imibandela eyongezelelweyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Siphuhlise ezinye izifundo ezifakelweyo, “IMveliso yoMbona phantsi koNkcenkcesho”, ngokunjalo “IMveliso yeRhasi phantsi koNkcenkcesho”. Ezi zifundo zibandakanya iimodyuli ezilandelayo: 

Intshayelelo kumsebenzi wokunkcenkcesha nomjikelo woxinzelelo lwamanzi;

Umhlaba, amanzi omhlaba nokuchuma;

Imijikeleziso – izixokelelwano nolondolozo;

Isicwangciso sokunkcenkcesha;

Unkcenkcesho ngemichiza; kananjalo

Umbona/irhasi phantsi konkcenkcesho. 



Izifundo ngoLawulo lweFama ngenjongo yeeNzuzo

Njengoko umlimi eya ngokuphuhlela ukurhweba, ukubaluleka kolawulo olulungileyo olujoliswe kwiinzuzo luya ngokubaluleka kangangoko. Sikumabanga okugqibela ophuhliso lwezifundo ezithi “Ulawulo lweFama ngenjongo yeeNzuzo” kwaye ibandakanya iimodyuli ezilandelayo: 

Intshayelelo – umda wolawulo;

Isiseko semali yolawulo;

Ulawulo lwemveliso;

Ulawulo lokuthengisa;

Ulawulo lwentengiso;

Ulawulo lwezemali;

Ulawulo lokuphatha;

Ulawulo lwabasebenzi;

Ulawulo lobudlelwana bukawonke-wonke;

Ulawulo lwempahla yexabiso nempahla egciniweyo; kananjalo

Imiba yolawulo ngokubanzi. 



Ezinye izifundo ezinikwayo

Xa siphinda sikhangela iingxaki ezinkulu abajongene nazo abalimi abasaphuhlayo, siphawula ukuba sizamile ukuqwalasela ezi ngxaki ngezi zifundo siziphuhlisileyo.

 

Ukungabikho kwenzuzo kwimveliso yokutya okuziinkozo kumhlaba owomileyo eMzantsi Afrika (umda weemposiso mncinci kakhulu). 

Ulawulo lweFama ngenjongo yeeNzuzo;

Imveliso yoMbona neNtengiso ekwiBanga eseliPhambili; kananjalo 

Isicwangciso seFama noVavanyo lweMithombo yokuSebenza. 



Unqongophalo lolwazi, iintlobo zobuchule namava.

Intshayelelo ngeMveliso yoMbona;

Intshayelelo ngeMveliso kaJongilanga;

Intshayelelo ngeMveliso yeNgqolowa; 

Intshayelelo ngeMveliso yamaZimba; 

Intshayelelo ngeMveliso yamaNdongomane; 

Imveliso yoMbona neNtengiso ekwiBanga eseliPhambili; 

Izifundo zabaBhambathiswa zezoLimo; 

Izifundo zoPhuhliso lweentlobo zoBuchule; 

Imveliso yoMbona phantsi koNkcenkcesho; kananjalo

Imveliso yeRhasi Phantsi koNkcenkcesho.



Unqongophalo lwemali yemveliso.

Ulawulo lweFama ngenjongo yeeNzuzo; kananjalo 

Isicwangciso seFama noVavanyo lweMithombo yokuSebenza.



Ukungabikho koomatshini abaneleyo bokusebenza.

Izifundo zoLondolozo lweeTrektara neziXhobo zokuSebenza eFama;

Izifundo zaBabhambathiswa bezoLimo; kananjalo

Ukukhanda okusisiSeko kweNjini. 



Imibandela enxulumene nokuqeshisa umhlaba ukuya komnye; 

Ulawulo lweFama ngenjongo yeeNzuzo. 







































