Topsoil (Maize)										Xhosa



Umhlaba ongaphezulu – kukhuselwa umthombo wobutyebi oxabisekileyo



Instructions:

Folio strap: Ulondolozo lomhlaba

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yakwaGrain SA Yenkqubo Yophuhliso Lwamafama

Photos: Topsoil

Isidubuli sesicatshulwa: “Umhlaba lilifa lohlanga lwabantu kwaye ububutyebi besizwe obuxabiseke kakhulu. Luyintsusa yako konke ukutya nesiseko sokulima. Nangona umhlaba wenziwe ngokucotha okungapheleli ndawo kwiinkulungwane zeminyaka, kulula ukuwonakalisa, kanti xa wonakalisiwe, awunakuze ubuyiselwe kwisimo sawo nangayiphi indlela. Kusifanele ke ukunonelela imithombo yobutyebi bethu yomhlaba ngenkathalo kangangoko size siwusebenzise ngobulumko, kaloku isizwe esinempilo sinokwakhiwa kuphela kwiimveliso zomhlaba onempilo.” – JC Ross.



Umhlaba wenziwe ngokucotha okungapheleli ndawo kwiinkulungwane zeminyaka, kulula ukuwonakalisa, kanti xa wonakalisiwe, awunakuze ubuyiselwe kwisimo sawo nangayiphi indlela.



Akukho nto kwindalo emi ndawonye bhuxe. Iinkqubo zendalo, kubandakanywa ukhukuliseko, zizise ukubumbeka komhlaba ukusuka kumawa angoonozala. Kufuneka kwahlukaniswe ngokwesiseko phakathi kwesantya senguquko njengoko isenzeka kwindalo, nesantya senguquko eyenziwa kukungenelela komntu. Into eyenziwa yindalo kwithuba leminyaka engamakhulu-khulu, kanti neminyaka engamawaka-waka, umntu angayitshabalalisa phantse ngobusuku obunye ngenxa yokusebenzisa umhlaba nanjani nangeendlela ezingenalwazelelo zokwenza umsebenzi wokufama. 



Iinzuzo zolawulo lokhukuliseko lomhlaba

Ulawulo lokhukuliseko lunesiphumo seenzuzo ezifunyanwa ngumnini wabucala womhlaba kananjalo nomnini kawonke-wonke – kumnini-mhlaba ngokwemigqaliselo yolondolozo lomhlaba nokufuma, nakuwonke-wonke ngendlela yokuncipha kwamanqanaba okuphakama kwezikhukula, imisinga ecacileyo kunye nolondolozo olungephi lwemijelo yamanzi, iiblorho njl.njl. 



Iziphumo zokhukuliseko lomhlaba

Ukulahleka komhlaba nokuchuma.

Ukulahleka kwamanzi azibalekelayo.

Amasimi onakeleyo nomhlaba ongavelisi nto.

Izikhukula neembalela.

Ukuhla kwamaxabiso omhlaba.

Iingeniso ezihlileyo zasefama.

Umhlaba otyeshelweyo.

Iintsilelo zezityalo.

Inkxaso yamanzi enganelanga.



Iintlobo zokhukuliseko

Zintathu izinto ezingamandla asebenzayo okukhukulisa ngamanzi, umoya kunye nomkhenkce. EMzantsi Afrika, siziduba kakhulu ngokhukuliseko lwamanzi ukuze sizikhathaze kancinci ngokhukuliseko lomoya. Ukhukuliseko lwamanzi luzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezimbini – ukuhlambeka okumtyaba nokuvela kwemifula.



Ukhukuliseko olumtyaba

Ngokwesithethe, xa kusenziwa umandlalo wezithole omhle, olungeleleneyo nogudileyo, umhlaba ubugudiswa ube kwisimo esikhululekileyo nesicolekileyo. (Kuhlakulwa nje kancinci njengesisombululo sanamhla sengxaki yomhlaba ongaphezulu olahlekayo). Ixesha lokutyala kananjalo likholisa ukuba lixesha lonyaka lokuxhaphaka kwemvula. Xa imvula isina ngamandla emhlabeni phantsi kwale meko, into ekholisa ukuyenza kukucukanisa umhlaba, kodwa ngokwenza njalo, uninzi lweengqalutyana zomhlaba ziyahluka-hlukana zize zikhululeke zihambe ngokudada. Msinyane emva kokuqalisa kwemvula, amanzi angasebenzisekiyo ayaqukuela ehle kanjalo ethambekeni, ehamba nomhlaba nesichumiso. Oku kunokuqhuba iminyaka ngeminyaka ngaphandle kokuqaphela komlimi umonakalo owenzekileyo kodwa kube kulahleke amakhulu ngamakhulu eetoni zomhlaba ngehektare nganye. 



Ukhukuliseko olwenza imifula

Kwiziganeko ezininzi ezinkulu, amasimi awagudanga kwaphela, emacaleni, kanti nokuvakala komhlaba esandleni akude kufane ncam kuyo yonke indawo. Amanzi anomkhwa wokuqokelelana enze iintlanjana msinyane emva kokuqukuqela kwincochoyi, ezi ntlanjana zihlangana phambili zenze imijelo ethande ukuvuleka. Ukuba ithambeka lide ngokwaneleyo, imijelo evulekileyo ihlangana ngaphambili yenze imigxobhozwana endulini encinci, sonke esi simbo sifana namasetyana, amasebe kunye nesikhondo somthi – oku kubizwa ngokuba kukwenzeka kwemifula esabuminwe. 



Akuba amanzi eqalisa ukuqukuqela ngokomjelo othile, amandla okhukuliseko esixa esithile kwithambeka elithile ayanda kakhulu. Yakuba imifula esabuminwe seyiqhubele phambili kangangokuba imijelo yamanzi ingabisakwazi kulungiseka, ukhukuliseko selufike kwimeko yokwenzeka kwemifula. Oku kwenzeka okukhawulezayo kwemifula kunako ukudlakazelisa phantse lonke icala lentsimi kwaye kwenze ukuba wonke umhlaba ungakulungeli ukulinywa. 



Izizukulwana zexesha elizayo zithembele kuthi ukuba siwulondoloze umhlaba ukwenzela ukufumana imveliso yekamva. Ngokuphathwa ngobunono, ukhukuliseko lomhlaba lunako ukunqandwa ngokwenza njalo siya kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okulondolozekayo komhlaba.











