Ukukhusela (Umbona)									Xhosa



Ukukhusela umthombo wobutyebi bendalo – umaleko womhlaba nokhukuliseko



Imiyalelo:

Folio strap: Ulondolozo lomhlaba

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA weNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama

Photos: Izigcina-kufuma: Izigcina-kufuma zisetyenziswa njengomaleko wokhuselo ongqonga izityalo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguquka kwamanzi okufuma ukuba angabi ngumphunga, umkhenkce ezingcanjini kunye nokukhula kokhula.



Isiphumo semvula namaqabaza emvula emhlabeni ongagqunywanga kananjalo nento enokwenziwa ukunciphisa umonakalo owenziwa zizikhukula zemvula zizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezo kumvelisi-zityalo.



NgoFebhuwari kwiPula/iMvula saqwalasela ukukhuselwa komhlaba ongaphezulu saza sakhanyisa iziphumo zokhukuliseko lomhlaba kananjalo iintlobo zokhukuliseko. Kweli nqaku sichaza iziphumo zemvula kumhlaba ongagqunywanga ngokunjalo neziphumo zomaleko womhlaba.



Ukutshizwa ngamaqabaza emvula

Inxalenye yamandla amaqabaza emvula isebenza ukuqhekeza iimbumba zomhlaba ukuze ngokwenza njalo itshize iingqakumbana zomhlaba zithi saa. Kwinqanaba lomgangatho, umhlaba utshizwa phantse ngokulinganayo ngakuwo onke amacala kanti mncinci kakhulu umhlaba ode ulahleke; kodwa kumhlaba osethambekeni, uthi chatha umhlaba otshizeka uqengqeleke ezantsi kwenduli kunasemmangweni. Ngoko ke emathambekeni umhlaba usoloko usehlela ezantsi ukuze ugqibele ngokulahleka kwindawo obukuyo uye kutsho kwenye indawo. 



Kukho unxulumano olusondeleleneyo phakathi kobunzulu bamandla emvula nokukhukuliseka. Yinyaniso eyaziwayo ukuba ubukhulu bomonakalo wokhukuliseko (50% ukuya kuma-80%) bubangwa bubunzulu bamandla ezichotho obufumaneka kumaxesha athile kwiindawo ezifumana imvula ehlotyeni. 



Iimpembelelo zommango osethambekeni

Ngokuya unyuka ummango, nokhukuliseko luba lukhulu njengoko:

Eba maninzi amaqabaza emvula atshizayo ukuhla endulini.

Kuthi chatha ukuqengqeleka ethambekeni.

Ukuqengqeleka kwenzeka msinyane kakhulu. 



Imida yethambeka

Inqanaba lokunyuka kwethambeka kananjalo nezenzo zolawulo zicutha izityalo ezinokulinywa kwisiza esithile, xa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba lunokugcinwa phantsi kwemida yokhuseleko. Le mida ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kubukhulu bokhukuliseko olwenziwa ziimvula nobuthathaka bomhlaba kukhukuliseko kwindawo ethile. Okulandelayo yimizekelo yemida enokufumaneka kwindawo ethile:

Wonke umhlaba olinyiweyo osethambekeni elingaphezu kwe-3% mawukhuselwe ngeekhonto (zona ziyimiqolo ephakanyisiweyo emhlabeni eyenzelwe ukukhokelela amanzi angafunekiyo ngaphandle kwentsimi).

Izityalo ezihamba ngokwemiqolo zinokulinywa emathambekeni anganeno kwe-10%.

Intwana yezityalo eziziinkozo inokulinywa emathambekeni anganeno kwe-15%. 

Ukutyisa impahla kunokuvunyelwa kumathambeka nganeno kwe-30%.

Amathambeka ngaphezu kwe-30% makasetyenziswe kuphela ngenjongo yokubiyela amahlathi nokukhusela indalo yasendle. 



Izityalo ezikhula ngokwendalo zisesona sisombululo sincomekayo sokunqanda isenzo zokhukuliseko lwemvula. Ezona mpembelelo zinkulu zezityalo ezikhula ngokwendalo kukhukuliseko lwemvula kukuba ezi zityalo ziba ngathi ziikanopi zeveni ezisuka zime njengee-umbrella phezu komhlaba, ngamanye amazwi, sisakhono sezityalo zendalo esethisa amandla amaqabaza emvula phambi kokuba afike emhlabeni. Imvula, ewa phezu kwamagqabi nezikhondo zezityalo eziyindalo ilahlekelwa ngamandla ayo okubaleka xa ibetha kuzo, aze la maqabaza aphuke abe mancinci ngakumbi, athi efika emhlabeni abe selengasenamendu, namandla awo ehlile, okanye athi ngokuqengqeleka ezikhondweni zezityalo zendalo afike emhlabeni selengasenamandla kangako. 



Izigcina kufuma zizigqumathelo zekanopi ezinesakhono kakhulu. Izigcina-kufuma zinqanda amanzi emvula akufutshane emhlabeni, ukuze zithintele amaqabazana ekuphindeni afumane amendu. Izigcina-kufuma kananjalo zithintela ukuqengqeleka, zinciphise amendu nesakhono sothutho. Nokuba isigcina-kufuma asiwugqumi ngokupheleleyo umhlaba, siyancomeka ekwandiseni isakhono sesigqumathelo sekanopi



Izigcina-kufuma zendalo zisenokwenziwa ngesitroyi, amagqabi, izinti, i-sawdust okanye amaceba eenkuni ezitshweziweyo phezu kwentsimi. Ngokwezolimo, iintsalela zezityalo nazo zisebenza kakuhle.

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Iziphumo zezigqumathelo zomhlaba

Isakhono sesigqumathelo somhlaba sokunqanda ukhukuliseko sanda ngendlela engqalileyo ngokwepesenti yesigqumathelo eso somhlaba. Xa sichaza ngenye indlela – isixa sokhukuliseko lomhlaba silingana ngqo nesixa somhlaba ongagqunywanga.



Iintsalela zezityalo mazishiywe kumphezulu womhlaba, ngaphandle kokuba kukho izizathu eziphathekayo zokungenziwa koko, umzekelo, izifo zezityalo, ukusuka kwe-nitrogen emhlabeni ngenxa yokubola kwezityalo eziyindalo, imfuno yokulima neyokuhlakula, ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula njl.njl. Kanti kukwakho nesenzo esithandwa eMzantsi Afrika sokusebenzisa iintsalela zezityalo njengokutya kwempahla. 



Malunga neengxaki zokulima, kukho izixhobo ezikhoyo zokulima nezokutyala ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izigcina-kufuma. 



Kwiziganeko zezityalo ezihamba ngokwemiqolo, ukulima nokuhlakula kunokwenziwa kwimiqolo elinyiweyo kuphela, kushiywe iindawo eziphakathi kwemiqolo ziphantsi kwezigcina-kufuma. Ukhula lunokutshatyalaliswa ngemichiza. 



