Producer (Maize)									Xhosa

Ingaba kufuneka kutyholwe umvelisi-zityalo kwakhona?

Imiyalelo: 

Folio strap: Okunxulumeneyo

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama



Kwibali ngalinye kwasoloko kukho indoda elungileyo nendoda engalunganga kanti ke kuba njalo nakwityathanga lemveliso yokutya, indoda engalunganga suka ibe ngumvelisi. Usoloko etyholwa xa kungekho kutya, xa amaxabiso okutya ephezulu okanye xa umgangatho wokutya ungaphucukanga.



Xa siqwalasela inkqubo ebandakanyeka ekubekeni ukutya etafileni yomsebenzisi, baninzi abadlali beendima kanti inkqubo le inde gqitha.



Uphando nezobugcisa kwezendalo



Amaqumrhu anika inkxaso yegalelo



Amashishini ezolimo



Umvelisi-zityalo



Ummandla wentengiso yendawo



Izondlo zezilwanyana	 	Ukusila			Ukubhaka



Abanini beebhaza-bhaza zeevenkile 



Abathengisi



Abasebenzisi



Uphando nezobugcisa kwezendalo

Le yinxalenye yenkqubo ukuze kulinywe izityalo ezichanekileyo – umbona, ingqolowa, amazimba, ujongilanga, iimbotyi njl.njl. oko kutyaliweyo kufuneka: 

Kuntshule kakuhle xa kutyaliwe;

Kukhule kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezahluka-hlukeneyo;

Kukwazi ukumelana nezitshabalalisi-zityalo nezifo;

Kukwazi ukumelana nembalela nokunyamezela ukufuma okugqithisileyo;

Kube neempawu ezichanekileyo zokusileka, ukubhakeka, ukuvundiswa nokuhluzwa;

Kube namanqanaba amkelekileyo eprotheyini, ioyile nesitatshi njl.njl.;

Kukwazi ukumelana nenkqubo yokuvuna; kananjalo

Kukwazi ukulondolozeka nokuthutheka ngokhuselo.



Kufuneka kuphuhliswe izichumiso ezinokusetyenziswa kumjikelo wemveliso ukuze zinike iimfuneko zezondlo kwizityalo. Kanti kufuneka kuphuhliswe imichiza etshabalalisa izibulali-zityalo kunye naleyo etshabalalisa ukhula ukuze kukhuselwe izityalo elukhuleni, kwizibulali-zityalo nakwizifo.

 

Amaqumrhu anika inkxaso yegalelo

Ayabandakanyeka njengoko afanele: 

Ukubhalisa imichiza enokusetyenziswa kwizityalo ezahluka-hlukileyo;

Ukwenza imichiza;

Ukuvelisa imbewu kwakhona ukwenzela ukuthengisa;

Ukwenza izichumiso eziya kusetyenziswa kwimveliso;

Ukuqhubela phambili izivuthisi neoyile eziya kusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokusebenza kwezolimo ; kananjalo 

Ukuzisasaza ezi zinto kumashishini ezolimo.



Amashishini ezolimo

Anenxaxheba njengoko: 

Ebolekisa ngemali kumvelisi-zityalo ukuze kubekho imveliso;

Ethengisa imbewu, isichumiso, imichiza, iinxalenye zoomatshini, isivuthisi neeoyile, iitrektara nezixhobo zokusebenza;

Enika inkonzo yesolulo;

Enika i-inshorensi yezityalo; kananjalo

Ethenga ukutya okuziinkozo.



Umvelisi-zityalo

Umvelisi uthatha inxaxheba njengoko:

Efumana ufikelelo emhlabeni nakoomatshini;

Efumana ufikelelo kwimali yemveliso;

Ethenga onke amagalelo okulima isityalo;

Elungisa umhlaba;

Etyala, elima, evuna kwaye ethengisa isityalo; kananjalo

Esisa isityalo kwii-silo zendawo leyo.



Ummandla wentengiso yendawo

Ummandla wentengiso yendawo nawo yinxalenye yenkqubo, njengoko: 

Uthenga isityalo;

Usomisa isityalo xa simanzi kakhulu ukuba singagcineka ngokhuseleko;

Ubeka isityalo ngokweendidi; 

Ulondoloza isityalo;

Uqinisekisa ukuba akukho zibulali-zityalo nazifo ezingena kwizityalo eziziinkozo; kwakhona

Uthengisa isityalo kubasili (okanye kummandla wentengiso othumela ngaphandle). 



Umsili

Abasili bayinxalenye yenkqubo kananjalo: 

Bafumana izityalo eziziinkozo;

Baqinisekisa ukuba igcinwa ngokhuseleko de isilwe;

Basila ukutya okuziinkozo ukwenza umgubo okanye umgubo wengqolowa; kananjalo

Babekelela imveliso baze bayise kubanini beebhaza-bhaza zeevenkile.



Umnini webhaza-bhaza yevenkile

Inxalenye yenkqubo eyenziwa ngumnini webhaza-bhaza yevenkile yile:

Ukuthengisela abathengisi imveliso ebekelelwe ngokwezixa.



Umthengisi

Indawo yomthengisi: 

Kukuthengisela abasebenzisi. 



Le nkcazelo emfutshane ayiwabandakanyanga onke amanyathelo ahluka-hlukileyo, njengoko kukho ubucukubhede obahluka ngokwemveliso nganye. Umzekelo, emva kokuba ingqolowa isiliwe, kufuneka ibhakiweyo ize ithengiselwe umsebenzisi, ukuba isityalo yi-barley (irhasi), eza kusetyenziselwa ukusila utywala, kufuneka ivundiswe yandule ukwenziwa utywala.. 



Kule nkqubo yonke iphelele, kubandakanyeka abantu neenkqubo ezenziwayo kanti le ibizwa ngokuba lityathanga lexabiso lezolimo. Wonke umntu okulo naliphi ibanga lale nkqubo kufuneka afumane inzuzo ukuze ahlale kwishishini. 



Ngoku nanku umbuzo – ingaba umvelisi-zityalo ufanele ukutyholwa yedwa na xa kunyuka ixabiso lokutya? 



Xa sijonga ixabiso:

Lelofu yesonka, i-20% – 25% yexabiso olihlawulayo lixabiso lengqolowa esesonkeni;

Ingxowa yomgubo wombona, i-35% – 45% yexabiso olihlawulayo lixabiso lombona; kananjalo

Itoti yebhiya, inganeno nge-3% kwixabiso le-barley.



Ishishini libandakanya imingcipheko – onke amashishini aneqondo elithile lemingcipheko. Kodwa kumvelisi-zityalo, imingcipheko mikhulu kakhulu: 

Umjikelo wokwenza imveliso mde (ukusuka ekulungisweni komhlaba ukuya ekuvuneni);

Isityalo siba sesichengeni semo-zulu (iimbalela, oonogumbe, izichotho, iqabaka, ikhephu kunye nemimoya;

Abavelisi-zityalo ngabathathi bamaxabiso – umvelisi akanakwenza sigqibo ngento afuna ukuyifumana ngetoni yakhe yombona njengoko zonke izityalo eziziinkozo zithengiswa kwiifandesi kwaye ixabiso elifunyanwa ngumvelisi lixabiso lalapho. Kwiziganeko ezininzi, umvelisi-zityalo unyanzeleka ukuba amkele ixabiso elinganeno kunelo leendleko azichithe ngokuvelisa isityalo sakhe. 



Ukwenza umzekelo, ukuba siqwalasela ixesha lonyaka lengqolowa elidlulileyo eFree State, yayingunyaka ombi kakhulu kanti nemvula ibincinci gqitha. Abavelisi-zityalo kwiindawo ezininzi abakwazanga nokuvuna itoni enye yengqolowa ngehektare nganye. Iindleko zomsebenzi wokuvelisa ingqolowa zimalunga neR4 200 ngehektare nganye kanti ixabiso elifunyenwe ngumvelisi-zityalo ngale ngqolowa belimalunga neR3 000 ngetoni nganye. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umvelisi-zityalo evuna itoni enye ngehektare, ulahlekelwe yiR1 200 ngehektare nganye. 



Xa ungumbhaki, uthenga umgubo wengqolowa, uze wenze isigqibo sokubeka ixabiso lamaqebengwana akho esonka. Ukuba umxumi akazimiselanga kulihlawula elo xabiso, uyayeka ukuthenga umgubo wengqolowa uze wena uyeke ukubhaka de liphucuke ixabiso. Xa umvelisi-zityalo enze isigqibo sokutyala isityalo, akakwazi kuyiyeka phakathi inkqubo alinde de liphucuke ixabiso – uchithe imali kwaye kufuneka avune isityalo eso aze asithengise. 



Abavelisi-zityalo bethu baliqhayiya lethu – basebenza nzima, bangabathathi bemingcipheko abanikela ngokutya nengqesho kubantu baseMzantsi Afrika. Khumbula ukuba sinokuthenga ukutya ngaphandle kuphela xa amazwe lawo angaphandle enentsalela, naxa ilizwe lethu linemali yokuthenga impahla yangaphandle. Xa iimeko zingalunganga kwamanye amazwe athumela impahla ngaphandle, aya kuzigcinela ukutya kwawo ukuze akusebenzise, ke ngoko thina singakwazi ukukuthenga. Ukuba amanqanaba otshintshiselwano alisengela phantsi ixabiso lerandi yethu, ilizwe lethu alisayi kuba nemali yokuhlawula ukutya okuziinkozo okuthengwe ngaphandle. Ngenxa yoko baya kulamba abantu bethu, njengoko kunjalo kumazwe amaninzi aseAfrika. Phambi kokubeka ityala kubavelisi-zityalo ngenxa yamaxabiso aphezulu okutya, masiqwalasele lo mbandela ukuze siqonde isizathu sokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba asiniki nkxaso kubavelisi-zityalo bethu sibancedise ukuhlala kumsebenzi wemveliso ngokulima ngendlela efaka inzuzo, isizwe sethu siya kulamba.

