Problems (OPOT) (1375 words)									English

Iingxaki abaqubisana nazo abalimi abasaphuhlayo



Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukongezelela Ixabiso

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yaseGrain SA yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama

Add picture of the banner made for farmer development programme



Ziliqela izizathu ngomdla okuphuhliso lwabalimi abamnyama eMzantsi Afrika, umzekelo umhlaba ovelisa ukutya wabiwa ngokutsha, amaxabiso okutya anyukele phezulu kakhulu kanti kukho ixhala ngokhuseleko lokutya kwesizwe nokwehlabathi.



Ininzi into ethethwa ngempahla ekukutya kwehlabathi, ukhuseleko lokutya kwehlabathi, ilungelo lokufikelela ekutyeni kwikhusi kodwa konke oku kutya kuveliswa ndaweni ithile phaya ngumntu othile – kukho mntu uthile obandakanyekayo. Kubalulekile ke ukujolisa kulo mntu. Kufuneka siphuhlise kwaye sinike isakhono kumntu lowo ukuze abe ngumlimi worhwebo opheleleyo ofaka igalelo  kwibhasikithi yokutya kwesizwe. 

Kutheni abantu benomdla wokuphuhlisa abalimi?

Icandelo lezolimo kufuneka libe nelizwi elinye elibumbeneyo. 

Ezolimo lingumthombo wokutya nemicu ehlabathini kwaye liya kuhlala lisisiseko senkoliso yeentlobo zoqoqosho. 

Ezolimo lingumqeshi obalulekileyo.

Inkqubela yasemaphandleni inciphisa uxinzelelo phezu kwemithombo yobutyebi osebuphezulu basezidolophini.

Ukuba ama-30% omhlaba kufuneka esezandleni zabantu ababehlelelekile kwithuba langaphambili, sinako ukucinga ukuba ama-30% eemveliso zezolimo aya kuveliswa ngaba balimi. Ngoko ke, ama-30% azo zonke intlobo zegalelo kwezolimo aya kuthengwa ngaba  balimi. 



Abalimi abasaphuhlalyo bajongene naziphi iingxaki? 

Inzuzo ephantsi kwimveliso yezityalo eziziinkozo ezixhomekeke emvuleni kunye namanqanaba aphezulu enzala. 

Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, inzuzo efumaneka kwimveliso yezityalo eziziinkozo ithe yaba phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Iindleko zegalelo ziyaqhuba ngokunyuka, kanti ixabiso lemveliso lona alikhuli ngokulungelelana.  Bambalwa abalimi abanemali eyaneleyo yokutyala isityalo ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa iimali-mboleko. Xa umda wenzuzo ucinezelekile abe namanqanaba enzala ephezulu, imingcipheko enxulumene nokuveliswa kwezityalo eziziinkozo iba phezulu kakhulu kangangokuba kubolekwe izixa ezikhulu zemali ezifunekayo ukuze kufakwe isityalo emhlabeni. Abalimi baseMzantsi Afrika kufuneka bakhuphisane nommandla wentengiso wehlabathi naxa amabala okudlala engalungelelananga. 



Unqongophalo lolwazi neentlobo zobuchule.

Abalimi abasaphuhlayo “bangabafundi” kwaye bafuna inkxaso, uqeqesho kunye nokulandelwa ngoqwalaselo. Zininzi iingxaki ezinxulumene nolungiselelo lwenkxaso enikwa abalimi: 

Abaqeshwa besebe bakholisa ukungaxhotyiselwa ukunika udidi olufunekayo lwenkxaso. Uninzi alunamava okusebenza ifama kwaye nangona basenokukuthakazelela oko, babe benayo nemfundo yoqeqesho efunekayo, bayoyiswa “kukubeka ikhuba phantsi emhlabeni”. 

Imibutho yemithombo yokusebenza yenza umsebenzi omhle kodwa iindleko zixhomile. 



 Iimali-mboleko zemveliso

Uninzi lwabalimi abasaphuhlayo luneengxaki zokufikelela kwiimali-mboleko zomsebenzi wokuvelisa ukutya. Ezinye zezizathu zezi: 



Iimfuneko zokhuselo zamaziko abolekisayo

Uninzi lwamaziko abolekisayo lufuna isibophelelo phezu kwempahla ukuze kukhuselwe imali-mboleko. Abalimi abasebenzisa umhlaba oqeshisiweyo, okanye umhlaba odityanelweyo abakwazi kunikela ngomhlaba lowo njengokhuselo ngoko ke izicelo zabo zemali-mboleko ziyakhatywa.. 

I-inshorensi yegalelo ayaneli njengokhuselo lwemali-mboleko

Uninzi lwamaziko abolekisayo afuna i-inshorensi yegalelo ukukhusela imali-mboleko yemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, i-inshorensi yegalelo, ukuba yamkelwe, ikwazi ukusebenza kuphela xa isityalo sesihlumile, kanti ngelo xesha, inkoliso yeendleko seyithwelwe. Amanye amaziko awathandi ukukhupha imali-mboleko phambi kokwamkelwa kwe-inshorensi, nto leyo edala imeko yokuchaneka engu-22. Enye ingxaki kukuba i-inshorensi iqinisekisa kuphela ukufikelela kuma-65% eendleko – ama-35% aseleyo asemngciphekweni. 

Imida emincinci ayilivumeli igophe lokufunda

Umsebenzi wokufama unzima, kanti amava amancinci umntu anawo, ambeka esichengeni esithe chatha. Xa imida imxinwa, mncinci kakhulu umda wempazamo. Abalimi abasaphuhlayo kanti njengoko besaphuhlisa ubuchule babo bokulima babonwa njengababolekisi bemali njengabasemngciphekweni omkhulu. 



Iitrektara noomatshini

Izixhobo zokusebenza ezingafumanekiyo

Baninzi abalimi abasaphuhlayo abafikelelayo emhlabeni (nangaluphi uhlobo lokuqeshisa) kodwa abanazo izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokulima kuwo. Izixhobo ezitsha zinexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye azifikeleleki kubalimi abaninzi abasaphuhlayo kwaye ambalwa kakhulu, ukuba akhona, amaziko akuthakazelelayo ukunika inkxaso-mali ngezixhobo zezolimo esezikhe zasetyenziswa sisandla sokuqala. 



Izixhobo ezikwimeko embi

Xa zifumaneka izixhobo zezolimo, zikholisa ukuba kwimo embi yokukhandeka. Oku kwenzeka ngezi zizathu:

Imida emxinwa yenzuzo kwimveliso yokutya okuziinkozo yenza ukuba kube nzima ngokwasemalini ukulondoloza izixhobo.

Abalimi abasoloko benalo ulwazi ngeendlela zokukhanda nezolondolozo.

Ezinye iindlela zotshintshiselwano kumgaqo omtsha wobunini-mhlaba zibandakanya ukuthenga  “ngenkxalabo eqhubayo” kanti izixhobo zikholisa ukuba ndala kwaye zibe kwimeko engaphucukanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba umlimi osaphuhlayo uqalisa kakubi. 

Amaqela anikwe izixhobo ukuba abelane ngazo kodwa akubikho mntu othatha uxanduva lokuzilondoloza. 



Imibandela ephathelele entsimini nasemhlabeni



Isebe leMibandela yezeMihlaba nokwabiwa ngokutsha komhlaba 

Inkqubo yolungiselelo olutsha lomhlaba ephunyezwa liSebe leMibandela yezeMihlaba ibe yinkathazo enkulu kwabaninzi. Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo zabo zicotha kangangokuba abalimi abasaphuhlayo balahle ithuba emva kwethuba kanti abanini bemihlaba abamhlophe abaxakiweyo bagqibela ngokuthengisela abamelwana babo abamhlophe njengesiphumo sokusilela kwemibandela yezemihlaba ukuphumeza injongo. Akukho miqathango ifanelekileyo yokuchonga abanikwa uncedo abafanelekileyo malunga nokwabiwa komhlaba ngokutsha. 



Inqanaba lobumuncu (pH)

Ukulungiswa kwenqanaba lobumuncu bomhlaba ngokufakwa kwekalika kusenokuba ngumsebenzi onexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu njengoko kukho iindawo ezifuna iitoni ezifikelela kwezili-14 zekalika ngehektare nganye. Abalimi ngokubanzi abakho kwimeko yokuhlawulela oku kwaye ngathi akukho mgaqo-siseko omiselweyo okhoyo, nto leyo evumela abalimi abasaphuhlayo ukufaka izicelo zoncedo kurhulumente. Amaphondo amaninzi abenazo iinkqubo ezithile kodwa akukho mxokomelelwano osisiqhelo. 



Isimo se-phosphate 

	Izenzo zomsebenzi wokufama ezingalunganga kwiminyaka emininzi zinqongophalise imithombo yobutyebi be-phosphate kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwanjengokufakwa kwekalika, lo ngumsebenzi wexabiso eliphezulu kwaye akubonakali kukho zinkxaso-mali. 



Iikhonto nemijelo yamanzi

Ubukhulu bomhlaba olinywa ngabalimi abasaphuhlayo abunazikhonto zicwangciselwe kakuhle nezaneleyo kwaye akukho mijelo yamanzi ifakwe ingca. Nangona iSebe  lezoLimo linecandelo “Lokhathalelo Lomhlaba”, ulwabiwo-mali lalo alwanelanga ukufeza ubukhulu bemfuno. Ukuthotywa kwexabiso lomhlaba lukhukuliso lomoya nolwamanzi lukholisa ukungakwazi ukulungiseka. 





Yintoni egcina abantu behluphekile? 

Imida nezoyikiso ezibambekayo

Abavelisi kufuneka bafikelele emhlabeni nakoomatshini ukuze babe ngabalimi abarhwebayo. Kumaphondo athile kukho unqongophalo lwesakhelo esisisiseko sezolimo, umzekelo, iindlela, oovimba (silos) bokulondoloza ukutya okuziinkozo, izomisi zokutya okuziinkozo, izixhobo zokuvuna ezihlanganiselayo njl.njl.

Unqongophalo lolwazi nofikelelo kwezobugcisa

Abavelisi bafuna uqeqesho, inkxaso kunye nenkonzo yesolulo esebenza ngokupheleleyo. 

Uxhomekeko

Abantu mabaxhotyiswe ukuzenzela izinto ngokwabo. Mabafunde “ukuzibambela intlanzi” ngokwabo. 

Igunya elingenaluncedo

Ukusilela kwamagosa karhulumente ukwenza oko ahlawulelwa ukukwenza kugcina abantu behluphekile (umzekelo, ukusilela kweMibandela yeMihlaba ukunika iinkonzo nenkonzo ezingaphucukanga ezinikwa ngamaSebe ezoLimo). 

Ukuvuyelela

Abantu abahluphekileyo bazizisulu kwaye bangavuyeleleka. Kubalulekile ukuba bonke ababandakanyekayo kuphuhliso lwabalimi basebenze ngokuthembeka nangengqiqo ephuhlileyo. 



Isindululo sokuya phambili

Urhulumente

Imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yowiso-mthetho neyorhwebo yokukhusela ishishini lalapha lezolimo. 

Ukwenzela abalimi abasaphuhlayo: 

Ukuncedisa kwiindleko zokufakwa kwekalika ngabalimi abasaphuhlayo.

Ukuncedisa ngeendleko zee-phosphates.

Ukuncedisa ngeendleko zokubiyela amaxabiso ezityalo ukuze kukhuselwe imali-mboleko yemveliso.

Ukuncedisa ngeendleko ze-inshorensi ezihlanganiselweyo.

Ukwenza imali ukuba ibe khona ngokusebenzisa amashishini ezolimo neLandbank. 

Ukwenza ukuba kubekho imali yokuphinda kuqeqeshwe abaphathi besolulo.

Ukunika inkxaso-mali eyinxalenye kuphuhliso ukuze kusetyenziswe amaqumrhu emithombo esetyenziswayo.

Ukuqwalasela isixa semali sezixhobo zokusebenza kwezolimo.



Amaqumrhu emithombo esetyenziswayo

Ukuphuhlisa, ukuqeqesha nokuxhobisa abavelisi.

Ukuqeqesha nokuphuhlisa abaphathi besolulo.

Ukunika abalimi abasaphuhlayo inkxaso yobuchule bokusebenza. 



Icandelo labucala

Ukunika onke amagalelo afunekayo odidi namaxabiso okukhuphisana.

Ukunika ummandla wentengiso iimveliso.

Ukunika inkxaso yobuchule bokusebenza noncedo oluhlala lukhona.



