Problems (Maize)									Xhosa



Abalimi Abasaphuhlayo bajongene neziphi iingxaki?



Instructions:

Folio strap: Izithintelo zokufama

Byline: NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yakwaGrain SA Yenkqubo Yophuhliso Lwamafama

Photos: 



Kubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lezityalo eziziinkozo ukuba kuchongwe kwaye kusonjululwe izizathu ezithintela abalimi abasahlumayo ekubeni babe ngabalimi abarhwebayo. 



Imibandela enxulumene namasimi kunye nomhlaba

Inkqubo yohlaziyo lwemihlaba ephunyezwe liSebe leMibandela yeMihlaba ibe sisilingo ebantwini abaninzi ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi into – xa kuthethwa gabalala, iinkqubo zicotha kakhulu kangangokuba abalimi abasaphuhlayo balahlekelwe lithuba emva kwelinye ukuze abanini bemihlaba abamhlophe babhenele ekuthengiseni imihlaba yabo kwabanye abamhlophe abamelene nabo njengesiphumo sokoyiswa kwemibandela yemihlaba ukuthatha izigqibo ngokusebenzisana.

EMzantsi Afrika sinomdibaniso wezixokelelwano zokuqesha – ukusuka ekubeni nomhlaba ongowakho, ukudlula kumhlaba wabucala oqeshiweyo, ukuya kumhlaba ohlanganelwayo apho kungekho zivumelwano zibophelela ngokwasemthethweni (kubakho nje “imvume yokuwusebenzisa” kuphela (permission to occupy). Umhlaba womntu wabucala usenokusetyenziswa njengokhuseleko lweemali-mboleko, kodwa umhlaba oqeshiweyo nomhlaba ohlanganelweyo awukwazi kusetyenziswa njengokhuselo olunjalo. Kwiindawo zokuhlanganela, isithethe kukuba usapho lube nesabelo salo sobukhulu obuthile (esahluka ngokwamaphondo), kanti ukuba umlimi ufuna ukwandisa umsebenzi wakhe wokufama, kufuneka athetha-thethane nabanye abahlali ukuze asebenzise isabelo sabo. Akukho khuseleko longezelelwayo lokuqeshisa lwethuba elide kulo mhlaba. 

Ukulungiswa kweqondo lobumuncu (pH) bomhlaba, nemeko ye-phosphate ephantsi, zombini ezo nkqubo zineendleko eziphezulu – kufuneka izixa zokuncedisa njengoko abalimi abasaphuhlayo bengenayo imithombo yobutyebi yokuhlawulela le misebenzi.

Ubukhulu bomhlaba olinywa ngabalimi abasaphuhlayo awunazikhonto ezicwangciselwe kakuhle nezaneleyo kananjalo nemijelo yamanzi enengca. Nangona iSebe lezoLimo linecandelo lokuKhathalelwa koMhlaba, ulwabiwo-mali abanalo alukwanelanga ukuhlangabezana nobubanzi bemfuno.

EMzantsi Afrika, asinguwo wonke umhlaba onesakhono esiphezulu nesifanele umsebenzi wokuvelisa izityalo. Naxa kunjalo, ukuguqulwa komhlaba olimekayo ukuba ube ngamadlelo asekiweyo yinkqubo eneendleko eziphezulu kakhulu kwaye ithatha ithuba elide. Kubonakala ngathi abalimi abasaphuhlayo abanalufikelelo kwisixokelelwano soguqulo ngoko ke bakholisa ukuqhuba ngokulima emhlabeni ongalungelanga kulima, okanye bawushiye ungasetyenziswa, - zibe zombini ezi ndlela zingafanelekanga. 

Ukubiyela, okanye ukungabikho kwako, yingxaki eyaziwa kakhulu abajongene nayo abalimi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihlanganelweyo apho izibiyeli zibiwa khona ngamasela, ukuze oko kuvumele iinkomo neegusha ukuzula ngokuzithandela kuwo onke amasimi.



Iitrektara noomatshini

Baninzi abalimi abasaphuhlayo nabanofikelelo emasimini (nakwesiphi isixokelelwano sokuqesha) kodwa abanazo izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuwulima. Izixhobo ezitsha zinamaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu angafikelelekiyo ke kubalimi abaninzi abasaphuhlayo, kanti nazo zinqongophele kakhulu. Kanti ukuba akhona amaziko athakazelela ukunika uncedo lwemali yezixhobo zezolimo esezikhe zasetyenziswa, ambalwa kakhulu. 

Xa kukho izixhobo zezolimo ezikhoyo, zikholisa ukuba kwisimo esigxekekayo sokukhandwa. Oku kwenziwa kukuba:

Imida yenzuzo ephantsi kumsebenzi wokuvelisa izityalo eziziinkozo yenza kube nzima ngokwasemalini ukulondoloza izixhobo.

Abalimi abasoloko benolwazi malunga nokukhanda kunye nokulondoloza.

Ezinye iintlobo zotshintshiselwano kuhlaziyo lwemihlaba zibandakanya ukuthenga “kuba kufanele” kwaye izixhobo zokusebenza zikholisa ukuba zidala kananjalo zibe kwisimo esigxekekayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umlimi osaphuhlayo uqalisa kwinqanaba lentswelo.

Amaqela anikwa izixhobo ukuze babelane ngazo kugqibele kungekho mntu othatha uxanduva lokuzilondoloza.



Iimali-mboleko zomsebenzi wokulima

Abalimi abaninzi abasaphuhlayo baneengxaki zokufikelela kwiimali-mboleko zomsebenzi wokulima – ezinye zezizathu zezi:

Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ukufumana inzuzo ngokuvelisa izityalo eziziinkozo bekusoloko kuphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Eli xesha lonyaka elidlulileyo belilihle ngakumbi njengoko izityalo zityalwe “ngokwamaxabiso amadala”, zaza izityalo eziziinkozo zathengiswa “ngamaxabiso amatsha ezityalo”, kanti kuninzi lweendawo, imvula ine kakuhle kunesiqhelo. Bambalwa kakhulu abalimi abanemali elingeneyo yokutyala izityalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iimali-mboleko. Xa umda wenzuzo uphantsi koxinzelelo, lo gama ephezulu amanqanaba enzala, imingcipheko enxulumene nomsebenzi wokuvelisa izityalo eziziinkozo iphezulu kakhulu ukuvumela ukuboleka izixa eziphezulu zemali efunekayo ukuze kufakwe isityalo emhlabeni.

Amaziko amaninzi abolekisa ngemali afuna ibhondi kwimpahla ethengwayo ukuze abe nesiqinisekiso semali-mboleko. Abalimi bamasimi aqeshiweyo, okanye amasimi ahlanganelweyo abakwazi kunikela ngomhlaba njengokhuseleko ukuze ke ngoko izicelo zabo zemali-mboleko zikhatywe. 

Uninzi lwamaziko abolekisa ngemali afuna igalelo leinshorensi ukukhusela imali-mboleko yomsebenzi wokulima. Naxa kunjalo, i-inshorensi yegalelo, ukuba yamkelwe, isebenza kuphela xa isityalo sesihlumile, kanti ngelo xesha, sukuba sekukho iindleko ezininzi. Amanye amaziko awakuthakazeleli ukubolekisa ngemali phambi kokuba kwamkelwe isicelo seinshorensi, ngxaki leyo eyenza imeko yokubhajiswa. Enye ingxaki kukuba i-inshorensi iqinisekisa ngama-65% eendleko kuphela – ngubani ke oza kuthwala ezinye iipesenti zomngcipheko?

Okubuhlungu, kukuba kubekho iziganeko apho abalimi abasaphuhlayo bengakwazanga kuthembeka kwizithembiso zabo zokubuyisa iimali-mboleko kwaza oku kwabangcangcazelisa ababolekisi bemali. 

Umsebenzi wokufama unzima, kanti xa ungenamava wawo, uyanda umngcipheko wokuwenza. Xa imida yenzuzo imincinci, akusekho mda ukhoyo wemposiso. Abalimi abasaphuhlayo sukuba besaphuhlisa izakhono zabo zokulima ngoko ke ababolekisi bemali bababona njengabantu ekungathembekiyo ukubaboleka imali. 



Inkxaso necebiso – iinkonzo zesolulo

Abalimi abasaphuhlayo “abafundi” banemfuno yenkxaso, uqeqesho nokulandelwa ngoqwalaselo. Zininzi iingxaki ezinxulumene nobonelelo ngenkxaso enikwa abalimi: 

Abasebenzi beSebe bakholisa ukungaxhotyiswa ngomgangatho wenkxaso ekufuneka beyinikile. Abaninzi abanamava okwenza umsebenzi wokulima kanti nangona basenokuba nothakazelelo, kananjalo babe banazo iziqinisekiso zemfundo efunekayo, abakwazi ‘ukufaka ikhuba emhlabeni’. 

Ukukhulisa abantu kuneendleko eziphezulu kwaye kutya ixesha. Amasebe karhulumente anabasebenzi abaninzi abahlawulelwa ukwenza umsebenzi, kodwa uninzi aluxhotyiswanga ngokunika inkxaso. Xa kunjalo, ukuba icandelo labucala liyazibandanya, kukho umntu ekufuneka ehlawule – iya kuba ngubani ke? 

Abalimi bakholisa ukuzifumana bekwimeko apho bengazi khona ukuba bathathe elikabani icebiso – mhlawumbi elomphathi wesolulo wesebe? Okanye elomcebisi ovela kwishishini lezolimo onikela ngemali yokuthenga ngetyala kumsebenzi wokulima? Okanye icebiso lequmrhu lempahla yenkxaso efuneka kwezolimo? Okanye olandela ngoqwalaselo? (Ngelishwa, abasoloko bethetha into enye!).





Umnatha wokhuselo lokunciphisa imingcipheko 

Ukufunda umsebenzi wokulima kubandakanya ukuzibeka emingciphekweni emikhulu – ukuba abantu baza kuba ngabalimi abanemveliso, baya kwenza iimpazamo. Kukho imfuno enkulu yomnatha wokhuselo lokuganga abalimi abawayo. Okwangoku, abanye abalimi bakwimeko encumisayo yokubolekwa imali lishishini lezolimo ngoko ke bayafikelela kubonelelo lakwaMaize Trust ukuze bafumane ikalika, ii-phosphate neinshorensi yegalelo (kumasimi abo ombona). Naxa kunjalo, kukho abanye abalimi abasaphuhlayo mhlawumbi abangalimi mbona, okanye abangafumenanga samkelo semali-mboleko yomsebenzi wabo wokulima kwishishini lezolimo kwaye abafumani nkxaso yekalika, i-phosphate ne-inshorensi. Kungaba yinto entle xa urhulumente ebenokuza ngaphambili noncedo alunika abalimi lomnatha wokhuselo ofunekayo. 





