Contracting (Maize)								Xhosa



Ubhambathiso kwezolimo – amanqaku abalulekileyo ekufuneka eqwalaselwe



Imiyalelo:

Folio strap: Ulawulo

Byline: Ulwazi lufunyenwe kuluhlu lwezifundo zoBhambathiso kwezoLimo

Iifoto: 



Umvelisi osebenzisa wena njengombhambathiswa unezinto ezithile azilindeleyo malunga nomsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe. Wena, njengombhambathiswa unoxanduva malunga nomvelisi wena oxhomekeke kwishishini lakhe ekugqibeleni.



Umbhambathiswa kufuneka abe nengqiqo ecace kakuhle yezinto ezilandelayo:



Injongo yomsebenzi ngamnye

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba konke ukulinywa komhlaba kujoliswe ekulungiseni intsimi ukuze kutyalwe izityalo. 



Ukuba imeko ebambekayo yomhlaba ayikhuthazi ukwenziwa komsebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke kuxhomekeke kumbhambathiswa ukukuxela oku kumvelisi kunokuba enze umsebenzi ombi kanti usalindele nokuhlawulwa. Umhlaba ongalungiswanga kakuhle uya kuba nenkcitho yemali kumvelisi kodwa ube ungenakumqinisekisa ngesityalo esilandelayo. Ukuba umvelisi akakwazi kwenza iinzuzo ngokulima, umbhambathiswa uya kuphulukana nempangelo. 



Imida yamaxesha alindelekileyo ngomsebenzi ngamnye

Ukulima ekuqaliswa ngako kulandela ukuvunwa kwesityalo sangaphambili. Kwiindawo zemvula yasehlotyeni apho kufuneka kulinywe khona isityalo sasebusika (umzk. ingqolowa), kuxhomekeke kwindawo elinywayo, kucetyiswa ukuba umsebenzi wokulima ekuqaliswa ngako wenziwe msinyane kangangoko emva kokuvunwa kwesityalo sengqolowa sethuba langaphambili. Esi senzo siqinisekisa ukuba imvula eqhelekileyo yehlobo ingenelela emhlabeni ithuba liselihle kangangoko. 



Emva kokuvunwa kwezityalo zehlobo (umzk. umbona), into engxamisekileyo inye kuphela kukusebenza intsimi phambi kokuqalisa kweemvula zentlakohlaza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imvula iyakwazi ukungenelela emhlabeni ukulungiselela ixesha lonyaka elilandelayo lokutyala. Ngesityalo ngasinye esithile kummandla ngamnye owahlukileyo, kukho ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala. Ukutyala ngexesha elilungileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yesityalo. Ukulima okwandulela ukutyala makwenziwe ukuze intsimi ilungele ukutyala ngexesha elicwangciselweyo. 



Umbhambathiswa olungileyo uyiqonda ngokuncomekayo indlela yokusebenza kwindawo ethile kwaye ikwaluxavunda lombhambathiswa ukwazisa umvelisi xa ixesha selihambe kakhulu, okanye xa iimeko zingakufanelanga ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ethile. Akukho mntu uthanda ukutyala isityalo xa selihambile ixesha njengoko imingcipheko eyahluka-hlukileyo (umzk. iqabaka okanye imbalela xa kubumbeka amanquma) yenza ukuba umvelisi angakwazi ukwenza inzuzo. Umbhambathiswa oqhubayo ngokutyala emva kwexesha elisikiweyo wonakalisa ishishini lomvelisi kunye nelakhe. 



Imimiselo elindelekileyo ngomsebenzi ngamnye

Asiyonto inokwenzeka ukuseka imimiselo ngomsebenzi ngamnye kwindawo nganye. Imisebenzi efunekayo makuvunyelwane ngayo ngumvelisi nangumbhambathiswa phambi kokwenziwa komsebenzi. Umzekelo, ukuba umvelisi ufuna ukuba umbhambathiswa alime inani elithile leehektare ukufikelela kubunzulu obuthile, oku kuqondakale ngokucacileyo kuwo omabini amaqela kanti kukhethwa ukuba kubandakanywe kubhambathiso – umzk. kusenokuba ziihektare ezingama-30 ukufikelela kubunzulu bama-300 mm. 



Ukutyala kubhambathiso kunemimiselo engqale kakhulu. Umvelisi uya kufuna inani elithile lezityalo ngehektare nganye ngokunjalo nokufakwa kwenani elithile lee-kg zesichumiso ngehektare nganye. Kubaluleke kangangoko ukuba umbhambathiswa aqinisekise ukuba le mimiselo iphunyeziwe – impumelelo yesityalo xhomekeke ubukhulu becala ekuchanekenikokutyala. Umbhambathiswa ke ngoko, makazixhobise ukuze aqiniseke ukuba uyahlangabezana nemimiselo efunekayo. 



Malunga nokutshiza ngobhambathiso kukwabaluleke kangangoko ukuba izibalo zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo – isixa setyhefu esichanekileyo ngehektare nganye kananjalo isixa esichanekilyo samanzi ngehektare nganye. 



Isakhono esithe ncam sikamatshini wakhe ngokwehektare ngemini

Xa kuthethwa gabalala, ababhambathiswa banomkhwa wokufuna ukuthembisa ukwenza umsebenzi ongaphezu kwamandla abo kwixesha elifanelekileyo nangokommiselo ofunekayo. Le nto yenziwa kukuba kumbhambathiswa, xa ethe wasebenza uchatha weehektare, ufumana uchatha wengeniso. Oku kuyingozi kuba xa umxumi edanisiwe (umxumi ke ngumvelisi) akasayi kumsebenzisa loo mbhambathiswa kwixesha elizayo.



Kukho izithethe ezamkeleke gabalala ezinokusetyenziselwa ukubala ukuba zingaphi iihektare ezinokwenziwa yitrektara, mhlawumbi nesinye isixhobo, ngemini enye (Itheyibhile 1).



Itheyibhile 1:

Itrektara
 
Isixhobo
 
Hekt/ngemini
 

 
Eyamavili ama-2 55 kW
 
Ikhuba le-3 yomsele wama-400 mm 
 
6,6 hekt
 

 

 
Isikrazuli samazinyo obunzulu be-1
 
4 hekt
 

 

 
Ikhuba lezikotile le-1, m
 
12,2 hekt
 

 

 
Isikofolo samazinyo asidibi 2, m
 
17,4 hekt
 

 
Eyamavili ama-2 80 kW
 
Ikhuba le-4 yomsele wama-400 mm
 
9,5 hekt
 

 

 
Isikrazuli samazinyo obunzulu be-3
 
8,4 hekt
 

 

 
Ikhuba lezikotile le-2, m
 
17 hekt
 

 

 
Isikofolo samazinyo asidibi 3, m
 
24,5 hekt
 

 


Iindleko zomsebenzi ngamnye

Iindleko zemisebenzi ziba yinto enobugocigoci njengoko kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendleko ezifanele ukubandakanywa kwisibalo. Oomatshini kufuneka bathengwe (inkcitho yemali eyinkunzi) ukuze emva koko ilondolozwe. 



Itrektara nganye nesixhobo esihamba nayo zinobude bobomi obulindelekileyo xa zilondolozwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokwemimiselo efanelekileyo, ukuze emva koko kufakwe ezinye endaweni yazo okanye zifumane ukukhandwa okubanzi. Ngenxa yeenjongo zengxoxo, ishishini linemimiselo ethile umzk. ubomi betrektara bubalelwa kwiminyaka eli-12 (iiyure ezili-1 000 zomsebenzi ngonyaka kwithuba leeyure ezingama-12 000 = 12 iminyaka). Le mimiselo iqikelelwa ngokokuyilwa koomatshini nangokwamava obude bobomi entsimini. Xa kubalwa iindleko zetrektara zemali eyinkunzi, iindleko zokuqala zahlula-hlulwa ngokweenxalenye ezili-12 – inxalenye enye ngonyaka ngamnye wobomi betrektara. 



Ngaphaya koko, kucingeleka ngenxa yeenjongo zokubala, ukuba imali esetyenziselwe ukuthenga itrektara ibibolekiwe kwaye inzala kwisixa semali eyinkunzi naso sikwayinxalenye yesibalo seendleko ngehektare nganye. 



Inani elilindelekileyo leentsuku ezingenamvula ngenyanga nganye 

Oku kunamandla eempembelelo ezinobuzaza kakhulu kwisixa somsebenzi onokwenziwa ngenyanga. Into ekufuneka ukuba mayisoloko ikhunjulwa kukuba umsebenzi wokufama usesichengeni sezi ngxaki – amandla eempembelelo zemvula emsebenzini wombhambathiswa awanakuncitshiswa. Kulahleka iintsuku ezininzi kwithuba lonyaka ngenxa yeentsuku zemvula, neentsuku apho umhlaba sukuba umanzi kangangokuba ungabi nakusebenzeka. 



Zidibanise nesikhululo sendawo yakho semozulu (ARC for Soil, Climate and Water ePitoli apha (012) 310-2500 uze uthethe noDerick Vermaak).

 

Imeko yezixhobo nexesha lokwetha kwazo elilindelekileyo ngenxa yokwaphuka

Lo ngomnye wemiba ebaluleke kakhulu kubhambathiso. Khumbula ukuba xa oomatshini bemile, abaphuki –kuxa besebenza,apho kuqokelelana khona uxinzelelo xa oomatshini besebenza ngokwesakhono sabo esipheleleyo, iinxalenye ezonakalayo kuba lula kuzo ukwaphuka. Yiloo nto kubaluleke kakhulu kangako ukwenza ulondolozo lothintelo kubo bonke oomatshini ngamaxesha azolileyo. 



Xa wena njengombhambathiswa ubala inani leehektare oya kuzisebenza kwixesha lonyaka elizayo, khumbula ukwenza ulungiselelo lweentsuku ezilahleka ngenxa yokwaphuka. 



Uhlobo lwesivumelwano phakathi kwakho nomfama malunga nentlawulo 

Asiyonto ixhaphake kakhulu ukuba abantu basayine izibhambathiso ezibhaliweyo ngenxa yokuba mininzi imiba enokuba nendima – umzk. ukwaphuka neemozulu nezinye izenzo zikaThixo. Ubhambathiso kufuneka lubhalwe ngamazwi ayeke-yeke ukuze luvumele ezi meko ezingenakubonwa kwangaphambili - kanti ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba amazwi alo eyeke-yeke oko kwenza ukuba omabini amaqela akwazi ukuphuma kwisivumelwano.



Izibhambathiso zolu hlobo zisenokuba zizivumelwano zomlomo, okanye ukuzinikela ngenjongo. Omabini amaqela avumelana ngomsebenzi othile ekufuneka wenziwe ngexabiso elithile. 



Imithwalo malunga nobhambathiso

Omnye wemimandla enokudala ungquzulwano phakathi komvelisi nombhambathiswa yingqikelelo yobukhulu bamasimi. Umvelisi yena unomdla wokucutha inani leehektare lo gama umbhambathiswa yena enomdla wokwandisa iihektare. 



Ubukhulu bamasimi kufuneka buqikelelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kunqandwe iingxaki. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-GPS kwenze ingqikelelo yobukhulu bentsimi kwaba lula kakhulu kwaye ayinampazamo kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, asingabo bonke abantu abanokufikelela kweli qondo lezobugcisa. Zikhona iindlela ezingenabugocigoci zokuqikelela ubukhulu bamasimi ngokusebenzisa izibalo zendawo ezisisiseko. 



Elokugqibela

UMnu JP le Roux wasePitoli wenze ufundo-nzulu ngeendleko zoomatshini kwaye uhlanganisele incwadi yesikhokelo enobucukubhede neneenkcukacha ezimalunga nokusetyenziswa koomatshini. Le ncwadi yesikhokelo ibonwa njengesiseko esivakala kakuhle ekunokuxoxelwa phezu kwaso ngomba weendleko phambi kokuthatha izigqibo. UMnu Koos le Roux kunokuqhagamshelwana naye apha (012) 998-2803, okanye 082 828 9531, okanye ngedilesi ye-email koosleroux@absamail.co.za. 



Makuqatshelwe ukuba kwizibalo zakhe ubandakanya iindleko ezingqalileyo nezingangqalanga, kodwa akazibandakanyi iindleko zabasebenzi nalo naliphi ibhaso elinikwa umbhambathiswa, ngokunjalo nokuthuthwa kwezixhobo xa zisisiwa kwisiza esitsha – umda wenzuzo kufuneka nawo wongezwe kumanani aqikelelweyo, kunye nabasebenzi kunye neendleko zothutho phakathi kweziza zobhambathiso. 



