Farmer

										Xhosa

Njengomfama – yintoni umbono wakho?



Imiyalelo:

Folio strap: Umsebenzi wokuvelisa

NguJane McPherson, umphathi wenkqubo yakwaGrain SA yeNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama



Kwiindawo ezininzi kwimimandla yokulima umbona eMzantsi Afrika, ixesha lonyaka lasehlotyeni elidlulileyo libe lelihle kakhulu – ibilingene imvula enileyo kwaye yana ngexesha elifanelekileyo kanti bekufudumele ngokwaneleyo ukuze isityalo siphuhle kakuhle. 



Enyanisweni, ukulima umbona bekubonakala kulula nexabiso lawo lilihle baza abantu abaninzi bakwazi ukwenza iinzuzo ezibonakalayo kulo nyaka. Nangona kunjalo, asiyiyo yonke iminyaka eba lula kwaye kufuneka ucinge ngendawo okuyo njengomfama kwangoku, ucinge nangesicwangciso sakho sokufikelela kwinjongo yakho njengomfama. 



Baninzi abantu eMzantsi Afrika, ngakumbi eMpumalanga, eLimpopo, KwaZulu-Natal naseMpuma-Koloni abalima emacwecweni amancinci kakhulu omhlaba nabalima umbona okanye amazimba ukuze bakusebenzisele bona ukutya oko. Uninzi lwala mafama lusalima amasimi ngezandla – batyale kwaye bahlakule ngesandla. Sinomnqweno wokuncedisa amafama akweli nqanaba ukuphucula iindlela zabo zokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba banalo ukhuseleko lokutya. 



Siqwalasele ukuba amafama alima indawo encinci aqubisana neengxaki ezilandelayo:



Umhlaba nemozulu ezingawufanelanga kakuhle umsebenzi wokuvelisa umbona

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela ubunzulu bomhlaba oza kusetyenziselwa ukulima isityalo – ukuba umhlaba usidibi ize imvula enayo ibe ncinci, isityalo esingumbona asisayi kuqhuba kakuhle kwaye into enokuncomeka kukutyala isatyalo esahlukileyo uze uzithengele umgubo wombona. 



Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ukusebenza intsimi kuneendleko kwaye yimigudu kanti maxa wambi kufuneka siqikelele iindleko zezinto ezifunekayo ukuze sibone ukuba ingaba akukho zindlela ziphucukileyo na zokufama ezinokwenza ukuba sifumane isivuno esithe chatha singakhange thina sibe sifake amandla angako. Zama ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi ezinye izityalo ezinokutyalwa kwindawo yakho ezinokukunika ingeniso ethande ukuphucuka. 



Ukulima okufanelekileyo nokufikelela kubunzulu obuchanekileyo

Lo ngumbandela obaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi wokuvelisa umbona – umhlaba ufuna ukusetyenzwa ngocoselelo ukuze iingcambu zikwazi ukungenelela kububanzi bomhlaba ukuze zifikelele ekufumeni okulondolozwe emhlabeni. Khumbula ukuba xa usoloko usebenza kwinqanaba lobunzulu elifanayo masithi kuma-20 cm - 30 cm, umhlaba uya kuphuhlisa umaleko olukhuni okanye uqweqwe lokulima oluya kuthintela iingcambu ukuba zingakwazi kungenelela ngokwaneleyo. 



Ukutyala imbewu echanekileyo nokusebenzisa isichumiso esifanelekileyo

Asemaninzi amafama agcina imbewu eyiyeyawo kwimbewu evuniweyo. Enyanisweni oku asiyonto ilungileyo enokwenziwa kwaye sikhuthaza amafama ukuthenga imbewu elungileyo neqinisekisiweyo qho ngonyaka. Kubekho amathuba empucuko enkulu okuphuhlisa iintlobo ezintsha zombona kanti xa umfama esebenzisa imbewu echanekileyo, unako ukuphucula izivuno zakhe kakhulu. 



Ukufaka isichumiso kubaluleke kangangoko – umhlaba awunakukwazi ukuqhuba ngokunika zonke izondlo ezifunwa sisityalo – ngumsebenzi wethu noxanduva lwethu ukuqinisekisa ukuba senza izondlo eziyimfuneko ukuba zifumaneke kwisityalo – ngaphandle kokuba sikwenze oku, asisayi kukwazi ukulondoloza imveliso yethu, kwaye siya konakalisa umhlaba ofuna ukusetyenziswa zizizukulwana zexesha elizayo. 



Ukutshabalalisa ukhula

Ukutshabalalisa ukhula ngomnye wemiba ebanga iilahleko ezinkulukazi kwiveliso kumsebenzi wokulima izityalo eziziinkozo – iiveki zokuqala ezintathu zobomi besityalo esingumbona zezona zibaluleke kakhulu. Akufuneki kubekho noluncinci ukhutshiswano oluvela elukhuleni kwiiveki ezintathu zokuqala ukuya kwiiveki ezintandathu ukuba ufuna ukuvuna isityalo esilungileyo. 



Nkqu namafama angawona mancinci kufuneka aqwalasele ukuba ingaba akanako na ukutshabalalisa ukhula ngemichiza – iindleko zokusebenzisa imichiza zinganeno kakhulu kunezo zokuhlakula ngesandla okanye ngomatshini, ukutshabalalisa ukhula kungenziwa ukususela phambi kokuhluma kwesityalo emhlabeni, ukutshabalalisa kusenokuthatha ithuba elide ukuze zombini iintlobo zokhula, oluyingca nolwamagqabi abanzi zikwazi ukutshabalaliseka. Amafama amancinci anako kananjalo ukucinga ngokutyala imbewu yombona eseyine-Roundup naleyo ikwaziyo ukumelana nempehla egqobhoza isikhondo – kuya kufuneka utshize amasimi kanye okanye kabini nge-roundup ukuze ibulale ukhula, kananjalo olu hlobo lokutshabalalisa ukhula lubalasele kwaye nesixa somsebenzi esiwulondolozayo sikhulu. 



Ukubulala izitshabalalisi-zityalo

Kubulala umphefumlo ukusebenza nzima kakhulu kodwa ekugqibeleni izinambuzane zikwenzele eyona lahleko inkulu. Umfama kufuneka abe semasimini akhe, eqwalasela isityalo phantse yonke imihla – mininzi imichiza enokusetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa izinambuzane kwaye inokufakwa ngexesha elichanekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo zombona ze-BT kwenze ukuba ukulawula impehla egqobhoza isikhondo kube lula kakhulu – kaloku sukuba isityalo sikhuliswe ngendlela eyenza ukuba sikwazi ukumelana nohlaselo lwempehla – akukho kwamfuneko yokuba usitshze isityalo. 



Mininzi imiba ebandakanyeka ekulinyweni kombona onokulawuleka phucukileyo – namafama angawona mancinci ayabandakanywa. Khumbula ukufumana icebiso nenkxaso kubaqeshwa abakwiNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama yakwaGrain SA okanye abakushishino olulolona lukufutshane kuwe nakwiSebe lezoLimo – fumanisa ukuba ingaba zikhona na iindlela eziphucukileyo zokwenza yona loo nto indala. 



Ukuba ngumfama orhwebayo

Ukuba ngumfama orhwebayo kufuneka ibanga elithe chatha ngokuphakama – akusayi kukwazi ukusebenza ngezandla ukuba unesicwangciso ngenene sokuba ngumfama orhwebayo. Kwiminyaka efana nale yexesha lonyaka elidlulileyo, usenokuba ukwazile ukufumana umbhambathiswa, kodwa xa sesithetha sinyanisekile, sicinga ukuba xa ufuna ukuba ngumfama orhwebayo, kufuneka ube nezixhobo zakho. 



Isixa sezixhobo oya kuzifuna zixhomekeke kubukhulu bentsimi oza kuba uyisebenza, kodwa xa sithetha gabalala, kuya kufuneka ube nokulandelayo: 

Itrektara esebenza kakuhle.

Isixhobo sokuhlakula kwakuqala umzk. isikrazuli okanye ikhuba.

Isixhobo sokuhlakula okulandela okwakuqala umzk. isixhobo sokulima, i-Kongskilde okanye i-Vibroflex.

Isixhobo sokutyala – isixhobo sokutyala esifanelekileyo, esikwisimo sokusebenza esilungileyo, esikwaziyo ukufakwa amaqondo emilinganiselo ngoko ke esifaka isixa sembewu esifunekayo ngokunjalo nesichumiso. 

Isitshizi – isitshizi esifanelekileyo nesikwisimo sokusebenza esilungileyo esikwaziyo naso ukufakwa amaqondo emilinganiselo ukuze sitshize isixa esichanekileyo somchiza.



Yinto enokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ababhambathiswa kweminye yale misebenzi, kodwa khumbula ukuba amaxesha afanele umsebenzi ngamnye abaluleke kakhulu kanti umbhambathiswa ukholisa ukuba nabaxumi abaninzi abathi bonke bafune ukusebenzisa sona eso sixhobo ngalo lona elo xesha. Akulunganga ukutyala isityalo sakho emva kwethuba kakhulu ngenxa yokuba umbhambathiswa ebengekho ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umsebenzi wokufama uneendleko eziphezulu kwaye unomngcipheko ophezulu, yiloo nto kufuneka wenze yonke into ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuba ufuna ukuba nekqubela kurhwebo lwakho, kufuneka wenze yonke into ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye ngexesha elichanekileyo. 



Ukubaluleka kwesixhobo sokutshiza akunakugxininiswa ngakumbi – ukusebenzisa imichiza kuncomeka kakhulu kwaye kukhawulezisa kangangoko, kanti kukwaneendleko eziphantsi – ixabiso le-diesel linyanzela umfama ukuba asebenze ngendlela enoqoqosho neqinisekisa impumelelo – ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula ngemichiza nokuhlakula okuncitshisiweyo ezo zinto ziyindlela eya kwikamva. 



Cinga ukuba usingise phi nomsebenzi wakho wokufama – ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumlimi orhwebayo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uphuhlise isicwangciso esi zikisiweyo ukucingwa kwaye usebenzele ekufumaneni iitrektara nezixhobo ezichanekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukuba nolawulo olupheleleyo lomsebenzi wakho wokufama. 



