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Uphando lweBONA
UMzantsi Afrika uzilungiselela ukwaluka onke amadoda kwiphulo lawo lokulwa nobhubhani weHIV/AIDS. Baceba ukwaluka amakhwenkwe emva nje kokuzalwa - ngaba oko ke kuthetha ukuba sisizukulwana sokugqibela esi ukuya esuthwini?
IINTABA zibona amadangatye omlilo elenyeza minyaka le ebusika kutshiswa iingubo namabhoma abakhwetha. Lowo ke ngumbono waminyaka le kubakhwetha abadomboza kooyise nooyis' omncinci becela ukuya esuthwini. Kodwa phantsi kwemithetho emitsha yolwaluko kufuneka ngoku amakhwenkwe aza kuya esuthwini afumane nemvume kagqirha neyenkosi. Isiko lokwaluka libalulekile ebantwini abaninzi kangangokuba abanye bade bazame neendlela zokulivuselela nakwimimandla yoogobi-tyholo.
Iingcali zonyango zithi kungenzeka kufuneke litshintshwe isiko elinenkqayi lokwaluka- kwaye urhulumente uziphula-phule.
Ukwaluka onke amadoda yenye yeenzame ezenziwayo zokulwa nobhubhani kagawulayo kwiphulo elitsha likarhulumente ekuthiwa yiAIDS and STI National Strategic Plan 2007-2011 neliphehlelelwe kwiNkomfa yesithathu yeAIDS eMzantsi Afrika ebiseThekwini kutshanje.
Abathunywa abangaphaya kwama-4 000 ebebeyizimasile bavumelene ekupheleni kwayo ukuba "ukwaluka makufumaneke yaye kuvuleleke kuwo onke amadoda".
Lo mba ubutshis' ibunzi kangangokuba izithethi ezininzi zamadoda zibone kukuhle zithi pahaha ukuba zalukile na nokuba azalukanga. Ikhe yabhala iBONA ngomba wokwaluka ngoFebruwari emva kokuvakala kweendaba zempumelelo yalo ekuthinteleni usulelo lweHIV eKenya naseUganda. Ngoku lubonakala lusebenza naseMzantsi Afrika.
Imibuzo
Ibenkulu impikiswano ngalo mba ngenxa yokuba abantu bebenemibuzo emininzi ngawo.
Abantu bebebuza imibuzo enjengokuthi kuza kwenzeka ntoni kweli siko linenkqayi? Amabhinqa aza kuncedakala njani koku? Inkqubo yethu yezempilo iza kumelana njani nomsebenzi ongaka?
Omnye umbuzo ubungowokuba ngaba kufanele na ukwenziwa oku xa abantu bengafuni ukuzikhusela ngeziny' iindlela?
Nangona ibisiwa ngokuwa imibuzo bukho ubungqina bokuba ukwaluka buwanciphisa de kufikelele kwi-60% amathuba okosulelwa yiHIV.
Ezo ziindaba ezimnandi kwiingcali zonyango, ukanti abanye balubona ulwaluko lungancedi ngokwaneleyo.
Nangona kunjalo iingcali zonyango zehlabathi zalwamkela ulwaluko lwamadoda njengenxalenye yothintelo lweHIV nanjengomgaqo-nkqubo weWorld Health Organisation/United Nations' UNAIDS ebutsheni balo nyaka.
Kaloku ezi ngcali zavumelana ngezinto ezimbini:
Ukwalukwa kwamadoda sesona sixhobo sisenaso okwangoku sisalinde ukufunyanwa kwamachiza okuthintela ugawulayo;
Ukwalukwa kwamadoda kufuneka kusetyenziswe kunye nezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela kwiHIV njengokusebenzisa iikhondom, ukuba neqabane elinye nokuzikhwebula kwisondo.
Iingcali zikholelwa ekubeni ukwaluka kwamadoda kuza kunceda emazweni anjengoMzantsi Afrika anabantu abaninzi abaneHIV kangangokuba neenkqubo zonikezelo ngeeARV azikwazi ukumelana nabo.
Oku kunganceda emazweni aseAfrika akwiSub-Sahara kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo nalapho kuhlala i-63% yabantu abaphila neHIV/AIDS eAfrika
Kuya kuthintela usulelo lweHIV ebantwini abazizigidi ezibini, kuthintele nokufa kwabantu abangama-300 000.
Kwiminyaka eli-10 elandelayo ulwaluko lwamadoda luya kusinceda nangakumbi isizukulwana esilandelayo: ngokuthintela usulelo olutsha lweHIV kwi-3,7 yezigidi, kuthintele nokusweleka kwe-2,7 yezigidi.
Ngoobani abafanele baluke?
Ngokutsho komphandi weUNAIDS, uNjingalwazi Bertral Auvert, onke amadoda afanele aluke kuquka namadoda amadala angazange aluka. Uthi namabhinqa angancedisa ekukhuthazeni eli phulo ngokwala ukuba nendibano yesondo nendoda engalukanga.
Uyibethelele nento yokuba abantu bafanele bakubone oku njengesinye sezixhobo sokulwa neHIV/AIDS ngoko ukwaluka akuthethi kuthi mazingasetyenziswa eziny' iindlela zokuzikhusela.
Kungoku nje i-30% yamadoda aseMzantsi Afrika alukile, ngoko kuza kuthiwani ngeentlanga ekungelo siko kuzo ukwaluka?
"Abantu bangayenza into nokuba ayilosiko labo xa bechazelwa ngokupheleleyo ngayo," utsho.
Oku sekwenziwe eKorea apho kwakungekho ndoda yalukileyo ngo-1940 kodwa ngoku i-60% yawo yalukile.
Afanele ukwaluka nini amakhwenkwe?
Kubhetele alukwe emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa ezelwe njengakwisiko lamaJuda ukuze angeva iintlungu kakhulu. Izithunywa ebezikule nkomfa zivumelene ngokuba kubhetele amakhwenkwe alukwe engekaqali ukuzibandakanya kwiindibano zesondo.
Zithini iinkokheli zomthonyama ngalo mba njengoko uchaphazela isiko lokungeniswa kwamakhwenkwe ebudodeni nangeentlanga ezingenalo eli siko?
Kuvunyelwene kule nkomfa ukuba abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka bathethane nabantu kuquka neengcibi eziziphilisa ngalo msebenzi.
Bekungafanelanga kubekho iimpikiswano nokuxhathisa kumbandela wokwaluka kwamadoda kuba amanani abonisa ukuba xa umntu omnye eqala ukufumana iiARV, bahlanu abantu abosulelwa yiHIV. Sifanele sincedisane silwe nalo bhubhani.
Ingaba ngenene ukwaluka kuyasebenza?
Amanani abonisa ukuba ukwaluka kwamadoda kunciphisa isichenge sokusulelwa kwawo yiHIV ngaphezulu nje kwesiqingatha. Kodwa akuwakhuseli ekusulelweni zeziny' izifo ezisulelwa ngesondo.
Ikhondom iseyeyona ikukhusela ngokupheleleyo kwizifo. Kwaye xa uthe wanesifo esisulela ngesondo, izilonda ezibangelwa siso zikubeka engozini enkulu yokusulelwa yiHIV.
Ngokunjalo naxa ube nendibano yesondo ungazikhuselanga ungekapholi ncam emva kokwaluka usengozini yokusulelwa yiHIV.
Ngoko yazi ukuba ukwaluka kuncedisana neziny' iindlela zokuzikhusela, akuthabathi indawo yazo - kwaye akuthethi kuthi ufanele ungayi ukuyovavanywa igazi ukuba akunayo na iHIV nekuyinto abambalwa gqitha abantu abayenzayo.
Kuthiwani ke ngamabhinqa?
Ilungu langasese lebhinqa lingenwa lula yiHIV, ngoko yiloo nto amabhinqa amaninzi ehlabathini esosulelwa yiHIV ngokuba nendibano yesondo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-81% yamabhinqa afuna baluke oonyana bawo ukanti i-69% yawo ifuna aluke amaqabane awo ukuze bakhusele oonyana namadoda awathandayo, kwaye angancedisa xa enako ukubakhusela.
Kuza kwenziwa njani ukwalukwa kwamadoda amaninzi?
Uninzi loogqirha luthi ulwaluko malwenzelwe kumaziko empilo ukuze kuncitshiswe iingozi ezinokuhla ezifana nokufela kwabakhwetha emabhomeni nokusasazeka kweHIV okwenziwa kukungalandelwa kwenkqubo yococeko emabhomeni. Bakubona oku kufanele kwenziwe ngamanqanaba amabini:
Amadoda amadala afanele alukele kumaziko empilo ukuze kuncitshiswe iingxaki ezinjengokopha, iintlungu nosulelo.
Iintsana ezingamakhwenkwe ziya kwalukwa emva nje kokuzalwa xa abazali bevuma.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba amaziko empilo ebephantsi koxinzelelo lokumelana nomsebenzi wawo nangaphambi kokuba kubekho ugwayimbo lwabasebenzi oluqhokre kanobom inkonzo yezempilo. Kodwa ngokutsho kukaMark Bletcher weNational Treasury urhulumente uza kufaka imali eninzi kwinkonzo yempilo yeli. Elo nyathelo lifanele liqhwatyelw' izandla kuba ukwaluka kwamadoda kuza konga imali kuba kuza kunciphisa abantu abosulelwa yiHIV baze bafun' unyango.
Oko kuza kuba lithuba lokufundisa amadoda ngemiba yezempilo njengamabhinqa afundiswa rhoqo ngokucwangcisa, ukukhulelwa nokukhulis' abantwana ngokutsho kukaRodney Fortuin weEngenderHealth eseKapa.
Indlela eya phambili
Sifuna ukubona amadoda angalukanga esiba yimizekelo ngokuba ngawokuqala ukuya kwaluka kumaziko empilo. Sifun' ukuva ootata besitsho phandle ukuthi, "Unyana wethu omtsha walukwe esandul' ukuzalwa esibhedlele."
UMzantsi Afrika lilizwe eliwakhuseleyo amasiko alo neliwalwelayo ukuba angabhangiswa.
Kungoku nje kuliwa nokusindisa abantu kowona bhubhani ongxamele ukutshayela bonke abantu emhlabeni.
Phantse abantu abathathu kwabane abaswelekayo eMzantsi Afrika beneminyaka ephakathi kwe-15 nama-49 babulawa ngugawulayo (iAIDS).
Sonke siyaqonda ukuba kuza kubanzima ukuvela nendlela entsha yokubhiyozela ukungena kwenkwenkwe ebudodeni.
Ubuhlungu bokudliwa ngumdlanga kuyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kweli siko - kodwa kusithiwa khetha lona okanye ukusweleka, singabavimba njani oonyana neentombi ithuba lokuphila? [x]
BONA XHOSA - August 2007
kubhale uPATRICIA McCRACKEN
Ukwaluka kwenziwa indlela yokuphila
Ingaba kutshintshwa isiko? Isiphakamiso sokwalukwa kwawo onke amadoda, ingakumbi eso sokwalukwa kwamakhwenkwe xa esandul' ukuzalwa sithetha ukuba isiko elinenkqayi lokwaluka liza kuba neenguqu apha naphaya.
BONA XHOSA - August 2007
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Kunceda njani?
Abaphandi bathi ukwaluka kukhusela indoda ekosulelweni yiHIV ngeendlel' ezimbini. Umphakathi wejwabi uneeseli ezosuleleka lula yiHIV, ngoko ezo seli ziyasuswa. Emva koko umaleko omtsha ekuthiwa yikeratin - eyenziwe ngeprotini efanayo neyeenzipho neenwele - uyakhula ngaphezu kwelungu lobudoda uze ulikhusele kusulelo.
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Akho amayeza okugonya?
Maninzi amayeza okugonyelwa iAIDS alingiweyo emazweni angama-20 ehlabathi aquka noMzantsi Afrika kodwa akukabikho lilindeleke ukuba lisetyenziswe kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25 ezayo. Xa selide lakho elisebenzayo kulindeleke ukuba liya kunceda nabantu asele benayo iHIV ngokunciphisa ulwamvila lwayo kuze oko kuphucule imeko yabo yempilo.
BONA XHOSA - August 2007
I-81% yamabhinqa ifuna baluke oonyana bawo
"Indoda enolwimi olubetha kamnandi..." - "oodlalani" banamaqabane amaninzi kodwa abazikhuseli xa bezibandakanya nesondo nto leyo isasaza ubhubhani ongugawulayo.
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IIFOTO © 2007 The Population Council, Inc.
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BONA XHOSA - August 2007
Iintsana ezingamakhwenkwe kufuneka zoluke emva nje kokuzalwa
Azincedi izithinteli zosulelo?
Izithinteli zosulelo liyeza elibulala okanye elithintela ukungena kweentsholongwane ezisasaza usulelo ngokwenkcazo yeGlobal Campaign For Microbicides. Ezinye zenza ukuba intsholongwane inganwenwi nokuba sele ingenile emzimbeni.
Apha ke zisetyenziswa kwizithambiso zelungu langasese lebhinqa ukuze zithintele ukusulelwa yintsholongwane esasaza iHIV neziny' izifo ezisulelwa ngesondo.
Kodwa ebutsheni balo nyaka kumiswe ukusetyenziswa kwezithinteli zosulelo ezibini ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle.
Oko kulubuyisel' umva uphando lwazo kwaye ngoku azikakukulungeli ukusetyenziswa ngabantu iminyaka eli-10 ezayo. Xa sezikulungele ukusetyenziswa ziya kunceda amabhinqa anamaqabane angafuniyo ukusebenzisa ikhondom. Ezinye ziya kukhusela amabhinqa kusulelo kodwa abenako ukukhulelwa ukuze akhusele impilo yawo kodwa abafumane abantwana.
Ezinye izithinteli
Iikhondom zezona kugxiniswa kakhulu kuzo, kodwa zikho "nezikhuseli zamabhinqa" ezinokusebenza. Kwenziwe ikhondom, qha ayifumaneki lula - kwaye kungaba nzima ebhinqeni ukuyisebenzisa. Kusenziwa nophando kweli lokuba indlela endala yokucwangcisa ngediaphragm ingasetyenziswa na ukuthintela ukusulelwa yiHIV.
Oku kubalulekile kuba umlomo wesibeleko ngowona uneeseli ezininzi ezisuleleka lula zizifo.
