Isivuno										Xhosa



Amacebiso ngolondolozo lukamatshini wokuvuna 



Instructions: 

Folio strap: Ukusetyenziswa kukamatshini

Byline: Ulwazi lufunyanwa kwiGrain SA Tractor naKwizifundo Zolondolozo lweZixhobo zaseFama



Selikrobe emnyango ixesha lokuvuna kanti oomatshini abahlanganiselwayo bokuvuna baneendawo ezininzi ezishenxisekayo ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa – iibheringi, amatywina, ii-v-belt namatyathanga. Ukuba unokunika ingqalelo kulondolozo lwezi nxalenye, aya kuba mbalwa amathuba okwaphuka ngexesha lonyaka lokuvuna. 



Ukufakwa kweoyile kwiibheringi

Iibheringi ezingakhuhlaniyo azikholisi konakala – zisilela ngenxa yokudinwa kuphela. Ukugobeka, imithwalo kunye nobushushu ekugqibeleni zenza ukuba isimbiwa silahlekelwe ngamandla aso. Kodwa ke iibheringi ezingakhuhlaniyo zinako ukonakala xa zingathanjiswa kakuhle ngeoyile. 



Amafutha okuthambisa kufuneka enze imisebenzi emithathu:

Ukugcina ucwambu lwesithambiso phakathi kwazo zonke iinxalenye zeebheringi ukuthintela ukukhuhlana;

Ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana phakathi kweebhola okanye iziqengqelezisi nezahlukanisi: kananjalo

Ukuthintela irusi ngokuqaba zonke iindawo ngomaleko wokhuselo.



Ngaphezu kokuqaba isithambiso kwiibheringi ngompu wegrisi, imigaqo yokubekelela nokutshiza nayo iyasetyenziswa. Khumbula ukuba isimbo nokuqatywa kweebheringi kwalatha uhlobo olufunekayo lwesithambiso nesantya sokwenziwa kokuqaba. Ezinye iibheringi, ezifana neebheringi zamavili, azifuni kuqatywa qho. Ezi bheringi zikholisa ukusoloko zinegrisi epakisheneyo mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa isibekeleli segrisi okanye ngokubekelela ngesandla. Khumbula ukuba ukuqaba kakhulu kunokubanga ingozi njengokuqaba kancinci gqitha. Ukuba kufakwe igrisi eninzi kakhulu kwibheringi, ukutyibilika kunokubanga ukukhuhlana nobushushu, ukuze iibheringi zikhawuleze zoyiswe kukusebenza. Kwakhona, landela imiyalelo kamenzi wazo. 



Njengomthetho jikelele, bekelela iibheringi ezithintela ukukhuhlana zithi gabhu. Susa nasiphi isithambiso esiphuphumayo. Malunga neebheringi zeebhola nezesiqengqelezisi, bekelela kuwo omabini amacala nakwiindawo ezifihlekileyo, wandule ukujikelezisa izibalekisi amaxa ambalwa ukuze ususe igrisi.



Phambi kokufaka iibheringi endlwini yazo, zalisa inxalenye yazo ngegrisi. Musa ukuyizalisa ngokupheleleyo indlu – oku kuya kubanga ukukhuhlana kwegrisi kuze kubange ubushushu ekugqibeleni kubange ukusilela kweebheringi



Ulondolozo lwezikhululo zeV-belt

IiV-belt zezona zikhululo zixhaphakileyo zamabhanti namhla, ngoko ke ingxam yebali lethu malunga nolondolozo liya kusekwa kwezi zikhululo.



Ukungenelela ngoomatshini

Enye yezinto ezisentloko eziluncedo malunga nezikhululo zeV-belt kukuba lula kokuzihlola.. Ngokuqwalasela nokumamela, iimpawu zokonakala kwesiqhelo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka. Xa ibhanti ibetha kumlindi webhanti iveza isandi esivakala (sinkenteza) nesinika isilumkiso sokwayamana ngokukhuhlana. Oku kwayamana kunokuvelisa ukonakala okukhawulezayo kumchiza osongele amabhanti kwaye kukhawuleza kushunqule ubomi bebhanti kakhulu. Apho ingxolo yezixhobo ezikufutshane inokukrwitsha (umnkentezo) khona, ukuhlola kwesiqhelo ngokujonga abalindi bamabhanti abagobileyo okanye abonakeleyo kuya kukutyhila ukwayamana kwabalindi bamabhanti. Kodwa ke ibhanti liya kuba mhlawumbi licazuluka – olo lolunye uphawu lokuhlikihlana.



Ukungalungelelaniswa kakuhle kwesinyusi yenye ingxaki efanele ukuqwalaselwa ngethuba lokuhlola kwesiqhelo. Nangona ukungalungelelani okuboniswe Kwisazobe 1, kubaxiwe, kunako ukwalatha omnye unobangela oxhaphakileyo wobomi bebhanti obushunqulekileyo. Izinyusi zikholisa ukuphuma emgaqweni xa isikhululo nomphini oqhutywayo zinganxusenanga. Isazobe sibonisa ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zokungalungelelani – zonke zibangwa yimiphini ekekelele ngaphandle ngonxusano.



Mhlawumbi eyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuqwalasela ulungelelwano kukusebenzisa umngcipheko othe tye phakathi kwamacala esinyusi (Isazobe 2). Umngcipheko othe tye kufuneka uchukumise imiqulu kwiintolo ezine. Kufuneka emva koko ujikelezise isinyusi ngasinye uze uqaphele ukuba ingaba ukwayamana kwesinyusi ngasinye nomngcipheko othe tye kuyaphazamiseka na. Ukuba kunjalo, umphini uyagoba okanye isinyusi sixengaxenge.



Enye indlela kukujonga ekucuphekeni komkrolo wesinyusi ongqamane nebhanti. Ukungalungelelani okuyingozi kuya kubonakala njengegophe ebhantini kwindawo apho lingena khona okanye apho liphuma khona kwimikrolo yesinyusi. Ii-½-belt, ziyakwazi ukunyamezela ukungalungelelani okuthe chatha kunezinye iintlobo zezikhululo zamandla ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukugobeka. Kodwa kukho inqanaba apho ngaphaya kwalo kungafuneki khona ukungalungelelani ukuba kufuneka zinike inkonzo ezenzelwe ukuyinika.



Amabhanti anganxulumenanga

Kwizikhululo ezinamabhanti amaninzi, amabhanti mawanxulunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze umthwalo usasazeke ngokulungelelana phakathi kwamabhanti. Ukuba umthwalo awusasazekanga ngokulungelelana, amabhanti athande ukuba mafutshane aya kwenza wonke umsebenzi.



Isazobe 3 sibonisa amabhanti anganxulumenanga. Esi sikhululo sinamabhanti asixhenxe amatsha, kodwa elinye (jonga utolo) lifumana ‘ukubeleka simahla’. Nangona amabhanti onke ematsha, ibhanti elingaphandle ngokuqinisekileyo lide kwaye alisitsali isabelo salo somthwalo. Xa uqwalasela ukunganxulumani okunokuba kukhona, khangela amabhanti anyengenyenge kwicala eliqinisiweyo lesikhululo – icala apho amabhanti aya ngakwinjini. Ukuba amabhanti alungelelene kweli cala (nangona asenokungalungelelani ncam kwicala elinyengenyenge) amabhanti atsala isabelo sawo sokutsala umthwalo esingasindi cala. Ukuqinisekisa ukunxulumana kwamabhanti okufanelekileyo, ii-V-belts ziphawulwe ngeenombolo zeesayizi zamabhanti.



Amabhanti awonakeleyo

Onke amabhanti nemiqulu ayonakala ukufikelela kwiqondo elithile emva kokuba ebesetyenziswa. Njengoko kusenzeka ukonakala amabhanti akhwelela ezantsi kwimikrolo yesinyusi. Njengoko umgama osesizikithini kufanele ukuba wandiswe ukwenzelelela ukonakala, ibhanti elonakeleyo ‘lide’ kunebhanti elitsha. (ibhanti elonakeleyo kananjalo liyoluleka xa lisetyenziswa). Kubalulekile ngoko ke, ukususa iseti leyo iphelele kwizikhululo zamabhanti amaninzi nangona lisenokuba linye kuphela ibhanti elisilelayo. Ukuba kususwe ibhanti elinye kuphela kwafakwa lalinye endaweni yalo, ibhanti elifakiweyo liya kuba ‘lifutshanana’ kunamanye amabhanti.



Kwisazobe 4 libhanti elonakeleyo kuphela elikhutshiweyo kwafakwa elinye endaweni yalo. Ngenxa yokuba amabhanti amadala onakele kwaye olulekile, ibhanti elitsha lilo elitsala owona mthwalo mkhulu. Kanti, njengoko amabhanti asixhenxe efuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuneko zomsebenzi, ukusindwa ngumthwalo kuya kubushunqula ubomi bebhanti elitsha.



Kwisazobe 5, onke amabhanti kwiseti asusiwe kwafakwa amanye kanti ibhanti ngalinye lithwele isabelo esilinganayo somthwalo. Xa amabhanti encedisana ngale ndlela, aya kunika inkonzo enzelwe ukuyinika. Akunaxabiso liphezulu ukususa amabhanti xa ewonke kufakwe amanye endaweni yawo xa kusilele lalinye – yi-inshorensi nje qha xa kuthelekiswa nokwetha okunyanzeliswayo nemveliso elahlekayo.



Ukuqina kwebhanti

Ukuqina okuncinci kwebhanti kuya kubanga ukuphuncuka okanye uphuncuka–bambeka, okwenza ukuba laphuke ibhanti. Ukuba ibhanti alaphuki, ukuphuncuka kuya kubanga ukonakala okugqithisileyo komaleko, iindawo ezitshileyo nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Ukuqina kakhulu kuya kubanga ukutsha kwebhanti nokoluleka okugqithisileyo kananjalo nokonakala kwiinxalenye zesikhululo ezifana nemiqulu kunye nemiphini. Ukuqina okongezelweyo nako kuya kubeka umthwalo othe chatha kwiibheringi.



Khumbula ukuba ii-V-belts kufuneka zikhwele emacaleni ezinyusi zesiqhelo, hayi ezantsi komkrolo. Ukuqina kwibhanti elitsha makuqwalaselwe kwithuba leeyure ezingama-24 zokuqala zokusebenza. Oku kuxa ukuxengaxenga kwakuqala nokoluleka kusenzeka.



Ukuphuncuka kwebhanti

Xa amabhanti engaqinanga ekholisa ukubanga ukuphuncuka, unobangela ungaba ngumthwalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ukuba ukuqina kwebhanti kulungile kodwa libe lisaphuncuka ibhanti, umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu usenokuba nguwo ingxaki. Ungaze uzame ukulungisa ukuphuncuka ngokusebenzisa into yokubopha ibhanti, Xa usacutha ukuphuncuka, into yokubopha inokuthamba ize ithobe umgangatho we-V-belt.



Ukutswina kwebhanti

Ukutswina kukholisa ukwenzeka ngethuba lezantya ezingenanto ziyenzayo. Kuvelisa isandi esifana kakhulu nokucula kwentaka okanye njengebheringi eyomileyo kwaye kuxhaphake kakhulu xa kusetyenziswa izinyusi zeentsimbi ezigangathekisiweyo. Ukutswina akwenzeki kuhlobo oluthile okanye kwiintlobo ezithile zamabhanti, kodwa kunokuvakala kakhulu kwiintsasa ezibandayo nezifumileyo okanye phantsi kweemeko ezinothuli. Ukutswina kona kodwa akunangozi, kodwa kudla ngokubhidaniswa nokuphuncuka kwebhanti. Ngenxa yoko, amabhanti akholisa ukuqiniswa de afikelele kwiqondo apho wona okanye iibheringi zonakala khona. Ungaze usebenzise into yokubopha ibhanti okanye ioyile njengendlela yokususa le ngxolo.



Ukutswiritswiriza kwebhanti

Ukutswiritswiriza sisandi esingxolayo okanye esikrwitshayo esenzeka xa isantya siphezulu okanye xa ibhanti likufutshane okanye lifike kwinqanaba lomthwalo ongaphezu kokufanelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuthetha ukuba ibhanti liphuncukile kwaye kufuneka liqwalaselwe. Unobangela ukholisa ukuba kukuba nyengenyenge kwebhanti. Ukuba ukutswiritswiriza akupheli emva kokuqwalaselwa nokuqiniswa kwebhanti, makuqwalaselwe isikhululo ngokwaso ukuba ingaba asithwelanga kakhulu na. Kwakhona, ungaze usebenzise into yokubopha ibhanti njengento oyenza endaweni yokuphinda uqinise ibhanti.



Lumka: Gcina bonke abalindi nezikhuseli zamabhanti zisendaweni yazo.



Amatyathanga

Ubunyengenyenge bamatyathanga

Ubunyengenyenge benqanaba elichanekileyo buyimfuneko ekusebenzeni okufanelekileyo kwetyathanga. Wona awafani namabhanti ngokuba amatyathanga awafuni kuqina kwasekuqaleni kwaye akufuneki aqiniswe kumazinyo awo. Izikhululo zamatyathanga ezilungalungiswe kakuhle (Isazobe 6) kufuneka zivumele ukugotywa okuncinci ngesandla kumcu oyekeyeke omalunga ne-2% kumgama osesizikithini. 



Amatyathanga aqine kakhulu

Xa ityathanga liqine kakhulu (Isazobe 7), iindawo ezisebenzayo zithwala umthwalo onzima kakhulu kunaxa kuyimfuneko kwaye zisebenza nzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokunikela ngamandla athe chatha kunetyathanga elifakwe kakuhle. Oku kubanga ukonakala msinyane kwetyathanga ngenxa yokwanda koxinzelelo kwiindawo ezisekudibaneni. Ngaphezu koko, oku kuba ngumthwalo omkhulu kakhulu kwaye kukhawulezisa ukwenzeka komonakalo kwiibheringi zomphini.



Amatyathanga anyengenyenge kakhulu

Ubunyengenyenge obugqithisileyo kukwayingozi (Isazobe 8). Kwizizikithi ezide, ngakumbi, ubunyengenyenge obugqithisileyo buya kwenza ukungcangcazela nokuthwaxeka kwetyathanga nokucutheka kobomi balo. Kwizizikithi ezide, umtya onyengenyenge mawuxhaswe okanye unyuselwe kumazinyo esinqumamisi okanye kwizikhokeli. Umtya uyinkxaso nje kuphela enganqumamiyo wetyathanga othintela ukuba lingabi yekeyeke.



Indlela “oluleka” ngayo amatythanga

“Ukoluleka” kwetyathanga kuphuhla enkonzweni ngenxa yeendawo ezonakele esikhonkwaneni nakwimiphezulu ebanjwe ngeebheringi. Emva kwethuba esebenza ubunyengenyenge mabunyuswe ukuthintela ukutaka kwetyathanga emazinyweni. 



Indlela yokulungelelanisa amatyathanga (Isazobe 9)

Beka umngcipheko othe tye phezu kwendawo enyengenyenge uze utsalele ityathanga ezantsi esizikithini. Linganisa isixa sobuyekeyeke ukusuka kumphezulu wetyathanga ukuya kwicala elingaphantsi lomngcipheko othe tye. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, lungelelanisa izizikithi zemiphini zomqinisi ukunika isixa esicetyiswayo sobuyekeyeke ukwenzela ubunyengenyenge obufanelekileyo betyathanga.



Qaphela: Kumazinyo amaninzi – ngakumbi aphumileyo – amazinyo asenokuba awalungelelananga ngokuchanekileyo nomphini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, qiniseka ukuba ujikisa isikhululo amaxa amaninzi ukuze uphinde uqwalasele ubuyekeyeke kuzo zonke iindawo zeziphathi zamazinyo. Kumatyathanga amade angabathuthi nabaphakamisi, ubuyekeyeke bukholisa ukuqwalaselwa ngokutsala kwityathanga esizikithini kwicala elinye nelesikali sesipringi nokulinganisa ubuyekeyeke kwimo yokutsala yekhilogram ecetyiswayo. 



Lumka: Ungaze uzame ukulungalungisa amatyathanga ngethuba lokusebenza kwawo.



Ukucoca amatyathanga

Ukuwacoca ngamathuba acwangcisiweyo luqoqosho oluncomekayo olo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezibalaseleyo. Landela la manyathelo:

Inyathelo 1: Susa ityathanga kwisiphathi samazinyo;

Inyathelo 2: Hlamba ityathanga kwisibaseli se-diesel;

Inyathelo 3: Tsala isibaseli se-diesel uze ufake ityathanga kwioyile;

Inyathelo 4: Xhoma ityathanga ukuze kutsaleke sonke isithambiso esingafunekiyo; 

Inyathelo 5: Faka ityathanga.



Ukuqaba amatyathanga ngesithambiso

Zine izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuqaba amatyathanga ngesithambiso:

Kunciphisa ukonakala;

Kukhusela ekuruseni, ekutyabukeni nasebushushwini;

Kuthintela ukuthatheka kwezikhonkwane nee-bushings; kananjalo; 

Kuqamelisa imithwalo ebanga umothuko.

Ukuthambisa amatyathanga mhlawumbi ngowona mbandela ubalulekileyo kubomi obude benkonzo. Ukoma, kwamatyathanga nokuba sesichengeni kwawo kwaziwa ngokonakalisa kwiiyure ezingaphantsi kwezingama-200. Ukuqaba ngesandla kunokolula ubomi amaxa aphindaphindwe kathathu ukuya kwalishumi kubomi obungaphandle kokuthanjiswa.



Ukuthontsiza kweoyile ngaphandle kwetyathanga kusenokunganeli. Ioyile mayifikelele kwimiphezulu yeebheringi eziphilayo ezixelwe Kwisazobe 10. Ukwenza oku, ioyile mayingenelele kwisikhewu esiphakathi kwemiphakathi nemiphandle yeepleyiti zamatyathanga eziqengqelezisi. Oku kusenokuncedwa ngokufaka ioyile isafudumele wandule ukuyigalela ithutyana elifutshane.



Amatyathanga aqokelela ukungcola nothuli nawo makafakwe ioyile rhoqo. (Intlama) yeoyile nokungcola yonakalisa kade kunokungcola okomileyo okupakishene kwiindawo ezisekudibaneni kwamatyathanga.



Iindlela zokuthambisa amatyathanga

Iindlela zokuthambisa amatyathanga zezi:

Ukusebenza ngezandla (ibhekile yeoyile, ibrashi okanye uxinzelelo)

Okungazenzekeli Ncam (Ikomityi yokuthontsiza)

Okuzenzekelayo (ibhafu yeoyile, idiski yeoyile okanye umqukuqelo weoyile)

Qaphela ukuba ukuthambisa ngezandla kwanele kwinkoliso yezixhobo zokuthutha, iziphakamisi nezikhululo ezingenabugocigoci, lo gama izikhululo ezithande ukuba nobugocigoci nezezantya eziphezulu nemithwalo zifuna ukuthanjiswa okuthe chatha – ezinye zisoloko zisebenzisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo.



Khumbula la manqaku mathandathu malunga nokuthanjiswa kwamatyathanga:

Thambisa kumathuba acwangcisiweyo – naxa ityathanga liqokelela ukungcola okanye uthuli;

Kwizantya eziphezulu, thambisa qho;

Susa ukungcola okugqithiseleyo kumatyathanga phambi kokuwathambisa;

Isithambiso masingenelele ekudibaneni kwamatyathanga;

Khusela ityathanga kwizingcolisi nanini xa kunokwenzeka oko; kananjalo

Landela imiyalelo yabenzi bemveliso malunga nokuthambisa.



