Ukurhoxa e-ofisini okanye esikhundleni, umz. ukushiya itrone.
Isenzo sokuphelisa inkqubo enjengeyesigwebo sentambo okanye ubukhoboka.
Umnyuli othi, ngenxa yoqhankqalazo, angabikho ukuza kuvota njengoko kulilungelo lakhe.
Isininzi esingaphezu kwama-50 eepesenti.
Imfundiso exhasa ulwahlukaniso olupheleleyo lwamaziko nemisebenzi yomthetho, yokuphatha neyenkundla.
Impatho engalawulekiyo yabasemagunyeni, umz.ubukumkani obupheleleyo okanye ubuzwilakhe.
Isigqibo esithatyathwa ngumntu onelungelo lokuvota sokungalisebenzisi ithuba lakhe lokuvota.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi nokungamkelekanga kwamagunya olawulo.
Isenzo sokungena kwisikhundla solawulo.
1. Umbandela wokucacisa, ukujongana nebhunga elonyuliweyo, igunya elingasentla okanye nalowo ujongene nokhetho. 2. Ukubaphantsi kolawulo okanye ukuhlolwa ngulowo ungasentla kwakho.
Ulawulo olumpatho nezenzo zalo ziphantsi koqwalaselo nokuvavanywa ligunya elingasentla kunalo.
Umbuso ekulapho ulawulo lwamandla luphantsi kokuqwalaselwa nokuvavanywa ligunya elingasentla kunawo.
Ukunika ingxelo nengcaciso kwigunya elingasentla.
Igosa elinoxanduva, ngokubonelelwa ngumthetho, lokunika ingxelo ngayo yonke imali karhulumente efunyenwe nechithwe lilo.
Inkqubo athi ngayo umntu anyulwe ngokwaseburhulumenteni ukuba ngummeli welizwe kwelinye ilizwe okanye kwiziko lehlabathi.
Ukwamkelwa kwemiba yenkcubeko yangaphandle ngumntu, iqela okanye abahlali.
Umntu othi okwethutyana enze imisebenzi kwaye athabathe uxanduva lwentloko yoburhulumente.
Iqela elinyulelwe okanye elikhethelwe ukuqhuba umsebenzi othile.
Igama elalisetyenziswa yi-USSR yamandulo ukwalatha imisebenzi eyenziwe ngasese neyayijonge ekwandisa impembelelo negunya layo ehlabathini; yayiquka ulwazi olulahlekisayo, ii-arhente zokuphembelela, ukungena ngokungaqondwayo phakathi kwamaqela opolitiko, inkxaso yemibutho yangaphambili yobukomanisi kwanemigunyathi.
Imigushuzo eyenziwa ngabantu okanye ngamaqela ukufezekisa okanye ukuchasa iinguquko ezigabadeleyo okhoyo kwezopolitiko, kwezentalo nakwezemali.
Isigqibo esithatyathwa yindlu yowiso-mthetho sibe sesisasazelwa ekubeni ngumthetho othi unyanzelwe kubahlali bebonke.
Ukunqunyanyiswa kwentlanganiso okwexeshana ukuze iphinde iqhubeke ngexesha ekuvunyelenwe ngalo.
1. Inkqubo yokulungiselelwa, ukuququzelelwa, ukujonga ezemali nokuphatha imicimbi karhulumente okanye igunya lopolitiko. 2. (eMelika) Umntu okanye iziko elinikezwe amandla apheleleyo okufezekiswa kwenkqubo yoluntu lwesizwe; isigqeba.
Ukulawulwa,ukuzaliswa nokuphathwa kwemali etyalwa ngamaziko aseburhulumenteni.
Isenzo esisemthethweni esenziwa liziko ukubonisa igunya lolawulo.
Ubungakanani ngokomhlaba wegunya lolawulo lweziko loluntu.
Ubuchule beziko loluntu ukuba lingaqabeza imisebenzi eliwanikeziweyo ngokomthetho okanye ngokwelungelo.
Bonke abantu okanye amaziko eburhulumenteni anikezwe ubuchule bokulawula.
Ubuchule ngokwendlela ezenzeka ngalo iintshukumo zolawulo.
Udidi nokufikeleleka kwezenzo zolawulo.
1.Uphuhliso olungenxa yesenzo solawulo. 2. Uphuhliso lwezakhiwo nemisebenzi yolawulo.
Igunya lamaziko olawulo kunye/okanye amagosa oluntu ngokomthetho welungelo.
Iziko, elizimeleyo kwamanye amaziko olawulo, elinikeza isigqibo solawulo emva kokuba umcimbi uphandiwe.
Igosa lopolitiko eliyintloko neliphetheyo lengingqi echaziweyo.
Isithunywa sopolitiko esinamagunya onke esonyulwe ngurhulumente ukuba silawule ingingqi echaziweyo.
Isimbo sopolitiko apho amaqela achaseneyo athabatha izikhundla zokuchasana ngokuphathelele kwimibandela yenkqubo yoluntu kunye neyonyulo.
Ukungqina ngokuvumayo okanye ukuqinisekisa isikhundla, umzekelo, sabambalwa ekuhlaleni.
Inkqubo yokulungisa ukungalingani okubonakala kukho phakathi kwamacandelo athile asekuhlaleni, umz ukungalingani okuphakathi kweentlanga ezahlukeneyo, kumaqela obuzwe, kwizini nakwabo bakhubazekileyo.
Zizonke izimvo, iinkolelo nezinto zexabiso ezizezemvelo ezenza isiseko sentlalo ekwabelwana ngayo ngabantu abazinzalelwane zase-Afrika.
1. Umhlali wase-Afrika; igama elalikade lisetyenziswa kumntu ontsundi wase-Afrika. 2. Ngokobu-Pan-Africanism ngumntu ozibandakanya nemvelaphi yase-Afrika kwaye ozinikeleyo kwingomso le-Afrika.
ngo-1981, wawusakwaziwa njenge-Banjul Charter. Uxwebhu olugqala amalungelo athile abo bonke abantu base-Afrika, kwakunye nokubophelela abasayini bezigqibo ekuphelisweni kwazo zonke iintlobo zokwenziwa amathanga kwe-Afrika, ulungelelwaniso lwemizamo yokuzuza ubomi obungcono babantu base-Afrika kwanokukhuthazwa kwentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe.
Umbutho woqoqosho wase-Afrika ovumela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwemali eyinkunzi, umsebenzi, iimpahla neenkonzo phakathi kwabasayini bezigqibo, kwakunye nokubonelela ngokungena kumaziko entengo yolwahlulo lwamashishini ase-Afrika ngeenzame zokuxhobisa nokukhuthaza urhwebo. iSanduleli kuQoqosho lwabahlali base-Afrika.
Inkqubo yase-Afrika yokuphila ngokudlelana, ukwabelana nokuthobelana kobuhlanga ngaphakathi kwamaqela eenkcubeko okanye eentlanga.
Ukuthi saa kwabantu abasuka e-Afrika, ingakumbi abamnyama, kumhlaba wonke jikelele.
Umbutho wezizwe zase-Afrika, owasekwa sisivumelwano esisesikweni sangowe-1994, sokuphakamisa intsebenziswano yentlalo nenkcubeko phakathi kwazo ngenjongo yokukhawulezisa utshintsho nophihliso olugcinakalayo. uMlandeli kwiNtengo yoluntu lwase-Afrika.
Umkhosi wawo onke ama-Afrika owandululwa kuqala kwi-OAU (umanduleli kuManyano lwe-Afrika) ngowe-1964 nguMong. uKwame Nkrumah waseGhana, walandelwa zizindululo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha loo-1960 neloo-1970 ezisekwe kwingqiqo kwisivumelwano sokhuselo lwelizwekazi, kodwa asalandelwa ngokuyinyaniso.
1. Intshukumo yotoliko, ukuphakanyiswa nokugqithiswa kwengcinga, ifilosofi, ukuzazisa nenkcubeko yase-Afrika. 2. Kumazwe ayesakuba ngamathanga le yintshukumo yokuziqhelanisa nokubuyisela ulawulo kwizandla zama-Afrika nokwenza ingcinga, ifilosofi, ukuzazisa nenkcubeko yase-Afrika yongame.
Imfundiso engokuba abantu base-Afrika bamelwe kukuzimisela ingomso elilelabo, eyamkelwa luLutsha lwe-ANC, yi-PAC ne-Black Consciousness Movement eMzantsi Afrika.
Inkqubo yolawulo ngokwenkcubeko yase-Afrika equka ubambiswano lwamaqela ukuya kubantu abaphantsi kwanokukhuthaza amalungu eqela okanye abalandeli ukuba banikezele ngenzuzo yabo ngenxa yeqela.
Bonke abantu abayinzalelwane kwilizwekazi le-Afrika, kodwa lisetyenziswa rhoqo ukubhekisela kubantu abamnyama bomlibo wase-Afrika. ukubuyiswa kwe-Afrika
Intshukumo yokuvuselelwa ngokutsha kwe-Afrika.
Yaziswa kwingqungquthela eyayibanjelwe eThekwini ngonyaka wama-2000, ngenjongo yokuphakamisa nokudibanisa amazwe akwilizwekazi laseAfrika ngokwentlalo, ngokoqoqosho nangokopolitiko ukuze enze i-Afrika ithabathe indima yayo efanelekileyo ehlabathin kwanokusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zelizwekazi i-Afrika.
Igama eliquka bonke abantu abathetha isi-Afrikaansi.
Intshukumo engopolitiko ebumbalirha ethi, ukuze kukhuthazeke ubuzwe babantsundu, igxininise kwizinyanya zase-Afrika nakumafa abantu abamnyama njengetyholo lokubaleka ebomini bayo.
Umntu ophemba ingxwaba-ngxwaba ngokwasekuhlaleni, ngokwasemsebenzini nangokopolitiko, okanye onefuthe elikhulu ekugayeni uluvo loluntu.
Umntu onikelwe ukusasaza isothuso esingeyomfuneko okanye owothuswa lula.
Intsebenziswano ngokobuhlobo, idla ngokusekwa ngesivumelwano, samaqela /elizwe/opolitiko ngenjongo yokufumana izinto ezifunwayo nemigomo efanayo.
Umgaqo-siseko ovela ngaphandle ongangqinelaniyo neempawu zasekuhlaleni, izithethe okanye izinto ezilixabiso.
kuthetha isiseko. Umbutho wamazwe ngamazwe owasekelwa ukunceda amaMoslem e-Afghanistan; yaguqulwa ngu-Osama bin Laden malunga nonyaka we-1989 ngenjongo yokuphucula imithetho-siseko yobuSilamsi ngokuhlanganisa onke amaMoslem omhlaba kunye nokuchasa izirhulumente ezingezizo ezamaSilamsi ingakumbi abo babonwa njengabaphazamisana nemicimbi yezizwe yobuMoslem.
Isithunywa esiphezulu selizwe esimiselwe kurhulumente okanye kumbutho wezizwe ngezizwe.
Umthetho ondululwayo ojika okanye owongezelelwa emthethweni, kumgaqo-siseko okanye kummiselo.
Ukunikezwa koxolelo ngurhulumente kunye/okanye isohlwayo kumatyala enziweyo ingakumbi awohlobo lopolitiko.
Umxhokonxi wesiphithithithi.
Ingcingane ebethelela inkululeko nolingano olungafanelekanga, kwakunye nenkolo esekubeni ingaba abantu banakho na ukusebenza ngokwasentlalweni ngaphandle kokuseka igunya lopolitiko.
Umntu onamathele kwinkolo yesiphithiphithi kwaye/okanye exhasa ukupheliswa kwegunya lopolitiko.
Ukungabikho komthetho nocwangco ngokuthe gabalala, okudla ngokuba sisiphumo sokungabikho okanye ukusilela kwinkqubo yopolitiko.
Isenzo ekuthi ngaso ummandla welinye ilizwe wenziwe inxenye yommandla welizwe elihlomelayo lithi lilongamele.
Ukucinga nezenzo ezichasene nokusekwa kolawulo ngaphezu kwemimandla yangaphandle kunye nokudalwa nokulondolozwa kwemimandla engaphantsi ligunya elongamileyo.
Amanqanaba okanye izenzo ezijonge ukwandisa ukuba sekuhleni nokugutyula izenzo ezingendawo kwanomkhethe, ingakumbi eburhulumenteni.
Uluhlu lwemisebenzi elungiselelwe ukuthintela izenzo zobundlobongela.
Icandelo lomthetho elinqanda amathetho endlu yowiso-mthetho ukuba ashiye amaqela aphantsi kwawo, okwaziwa njengokunqumla umgangatho.
Amanyathelo asemthethweni ebekwe ngurhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kwabo bonke abemi belizwe.
Umntu ochase ukusetyenziswa ngondlela mnyama kwamazwe angaphandle kwanokwandiswa kwezinto zelizwe ngokusekwa kobongameli bopolitiko noboqoqosho lilizwe elibusa phezu kwamanye amazwe nemimandla.
Inkqubo yopolitiko eyayisekwe kwingcinga yokuba iintlanga ezahlukeneyo elizweni zimele zahlukaniswe ngokusemthethweni kwimpilo eziyiphila bucala ngokunjalo nakuleyo ziyiphila ekuhlaleni. Ucalu-calulo luseka iinkqubo zocalu-calulo zeNational Party ukusukela ngonyaka we-1948-1994, lwanyanzeliswa ngemithetho eluqilima.
Apho umntu okanye iqela lingenayo nenjani na inxaxheba, okanye nkqu umdla, kwezopolitiko.
Ukuphelisa ingxabano ngokunikezela kumabango. Inkqubo yangaphandle yokunxwema ingxabano okanye umlo, isekwe kuxolelwano kwamabango zizizwe ezijongene ngezikhondo zamehlo. Igama elisetyenziselwa ukunyelisa abo bazama ukuthomalalisa iintshaba.
Isisombululo okanye ukupheliswa kokungabikho kwemvisiswano ngokuthi abo bangachaphazelekiyo bathabathe isigqibo esibophelelayo nekuthi kuvunyelwane ngaso ngamaqela ajongene ngezikhondo zamehlo.
Ummandla ekulapho ilizwe linezehlo zempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo.
Indawo ekungathi izehlo zifake engozini imicimbi yelizwe.
Ummandla ochazwe ekulapho urhulumente angabonisa ulawulo lwakhe.
Indawo echaziweyo ekulapho uxanduva lwemisebenzi ethile yabelwe igunya elithile.
Ungquzulwano oluphakathi kwamazwe, okanye amazwe nemibutho, oluquka isoyikiso okanye ukungeniswa kwemikhosi exhobileyo.
Imikhosi yelizwe, equka eyasemhlabeni, emoyeni kunye (apho kuchaphazeleka khona) neyaselwandle.
Indawo apho izixhobo zigcinwa ngokuyimfihlo khona, ngenjongo yokusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni.
Ukunqunyanyiswa kokunikezwa kwezixhobo elizweni okanye emazweni.
Ukubulawa okucetywe ngokufihlakeleyo nokungalindelekanga komntu obalulekileyo.
Intlanganiso yezihlwele okanye iqela labantu, elidibene ngesizathu sopolitiko.
Iziko lokuxoxwa kwemiba ebalulekileyo nedla ngokunikezwa imfaneleko yokupasiswa komthetho neyokwenza imithetho yegunya lombuso, umz. ipalamente.
Intlanganiso yeenkokheli zamazwe ngamazwe yokuxoxa imiba enzima nebalulekileyo echaphazela ihlabathi.
Imvume ebhalwe yintsayi-gama yentloko yelizwe ngokumayela nomthetho osele wamkelwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho efanelekileyo.
Ukufunxeleka kwabantu kwiqela elimpawu zalo zenkcubeko zamkelweyo.
Iqela labantu elizinikeleyo, imibutho okanye amazwe abunjelwe ukulandela umdla ofanayo.
Ukuthabatha uxanduva lwesikhundla soluntu ngokusesikweni.
Inkqubo elithi ngayo ilizwe elitsha lifumane umbuso ozimeleyo kunye nelungelo lokuzimisela ngokwalo elithi livunywe ngamazwe omhlaba jikelele.
Isenzi esinjalo simiselwa ngumongameli njengentloko yelizwe.
Ukuva elinye icala, umthetho-miselo womthetho uya kuxela ukuba icala ngalinye malibe nethuba lalo elaneleyo lokubeka elayo ingxelo.
Ulawulo okanye igunya lopolitiko elipheleleyo.
Inkqubo yelizwe okanye yendawo yokuzanelisa nokungaxhomekeki kwimpahla engeniswa elizweni okanye kuncedo loqoqosho.
Inkokheli eyamkelwe ngabalandeli bayo njengeyeyokwenene, ngokuchasene nenkokheli enguthobela-sikutyele ngokunyanzelwa ligunya langaphandle.
Umthunywa oxhotyisiweyo noqinisekisiweyo okanye i-arhente eyenza egameni lomnye umntu okanye iziko.
Uhlobo lolawulo olusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi apho igunya lolawulo libeka intando yalo kwabalawulwayo kungananzwanga minqweno yabo.
Ingqokelela yabantu okanye amaziko athwaliswe amandla asemthethweni kwindawo ethile echazwe ngokomthetho, umz amagunya asekuhlaleni, abaphathi bamachweba.
Ukuba namandla asemthethweni, okanye ilungelo lokusebenzisa amandla onawo.
Isikhundla okanye isihlalo samandla esisetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni, igunya lasekuhlaleni.
Ilungelo lelizwe lokunyanzelisa intobeko nezigqibo ekugqibela zona, nokuba kude kuthethe usetyenziso lwamandla ukuba kukho isidingo soko.
Umgaqo-siseko ophuhliswe ngaphakathi, hayi ngaphandle kwelizwe.
Ukulawula ngengalo engenamda kunye nokucinezelwa kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko, okudla ngokwayanyaniswa nomlawuli olawula yedwa.
1. Ukuzilawula okwenziwa ngamaqela, amaziko nemimandla, oku akudli ngakuthetha ukongamela. 2. Ukunakanwa kokuzimela kwegunya langaphandle.
Iinkonzo zothutho longxamiseko, ukumkisa kwanoqhagamshelwano lokhuseleko lwabemi.
Ukunyuka kwenqondo lokuqhama okubaxekileyo, lilonke inani labazelweyo, elizweni, kudla ngokwalathwa kwixesha eliphakathi ko-1947 – 1961 after kweMfazwe yeSibini yehlabathi.
Ixesha elilandela elokunyuka kokuzalwa kweentsana, eliphawuleka ngokwehla okukhawulezileyo kweqondo leentsana ezizalwayo.
Ilungu lendlu yowiso-mthetho elingaphantsi nelingabambanga sikhundla eburhulumenteni okanye kwiqela eliphikisayo.
Imeko kwiipoliti zamazwe ngamazwe apho amandla elizwe elinye okanye iqela lamazwe logqitha amandla ahlangeneyo amanye amazwe.
Ukuqhekezwa kommandla omkhulu ube ngomncinane nokudla ngokuba yimimandla ekhuphisanayo.
Uxwebhu apho abavoti bavakalisa ukukhetha kwabo abameli kunye namaqela.
Nakuphi na ukuvota, nokuba kokwasekhusini okanye ekuhleni, okujongiswe kulowo uvotelwayo okanye isiphakamiso.
Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo yovoto ngeziphumo ezibubuxoki ukuze ikhuphe isiphumo esinqwenelwayo.
Umbutho ozenzo nokudibana kwawo namanye amaziko okanye abantu kuthintelweyo ngurhulumente ngezizathu zeentsukumo ezithathwa jengezonakalisa ukhuseleko kwaye kusemdleni wesizwe.
Ukunqanda umntu ukuba asebenzise amandla esikhundla akuso.
Ukuxoxa ngeemfuno nezikhundla ezahlukileyo ngenjongo yokufikelela kwisiphumo esinokuvunywa ngabo boke abachaphazelekayo.
Umthetho okanye umgca owahlukanisa umda epalamente apho bangenakudlula khona abangengomalungu.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zokuxhasa ubomi bomntu.
Zezo zinto abantu, okanye amaqela, bangenako ukuphila ubomi obunentsingiselo ngaphandle kwako.
Ilungelo elingundoqo emntwini anokuthi ngaphandle kwalo kuphazamiseke ukuphila komntu, umz. ilungelo lokuphila.
Ilizwe elikwimeko yokuba izibonelelo zalo zinganeli elithi linyanzeleke ngoko ukujonga uncedo kwamanye amaziko okanye amazwe ukuze kubekho ukuma okunentsingiselo.
Inkqubo ekwisifundo seepolitii eqwalasela kufundo lobunzululwazi olumalunga nendlela yokuziphatha komntu.
Inkqubo yendlela ekujongwa ngayo izinto, ukuziphatha neengcingane ezibhekiselele ebomini.
Umntu okanye ilizwe elithabatha inxaxheba emlweni.
Indlu yowiso-mthetho equka izindlu ezimbini, enye imele abavoti (umz. iNdlu yabaMmeli eMelika) kunye nenye emele izidingo zabakhethiweyo, umz. Iingingqi ezinabalandeli kwiSinethi yaseMelika okanye amahlelo kwindlu yeeNkosi eBrithani.
Intsebenziswano ngokwasemthethweni phakathi kwamazwe amabini ngokuphathelele kwizinto eziwafuna omabini.
Umthetho osaqulunqwayo ongeniswa kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ngenjongo yokwamkelwa njengomthetho.
Uxwebhu lomgaqo-siseko oluchaza nolumisela amalungelo angundoqo abantu kunye nawamaqela asekuhlaleni.
Iinkqubo ezijonge ekunciphiseni okanye ukushenxisa okungathi kubangele umitho.
Inani labazelweyo ngewaka ngalinye kubemi ngonyaka ngamnye.
Ingcinga yobunkcuba-buchopho ephakamisa ukuba abantu abantsundu nabayinzalelwane yase-Afrika bazibone ngaliso limbi ukuze bayeke ukuzijongela phantsi kwaye bazazi ukuba bangoobani na ngokwasekuhlaleni khon’ ukuze bahlonitshwe kwaye bazuze amandla ezopolitiko.
Ukunikeza imidaka amathuba okusebenza kwanokuthabatha izikhundla kuwo onke amanqanaba nakwiindawo zasekuhlaleni.
Ingcingane eyavela eMelika ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Isekeke phantsi kwembumba yabamnyama base-Afrika kunye nokuzazi kwabo njengeqela elahlukileyo elimele ukulwela inkululeko yezezemali neyopolitiko kwabamhlophe.
Isiqinisekiso nokuvakaliswa ulwaziso lobuhlanga kunye nokubumbana phakathi kwabantu abamnyama, intsusa ivela eMelika malunga naphakathi konyaka we-1960.
Impembelelo engufunz’ eweni ejongeka ngokungathi iphuma kumthombo othile kunalowo wayo wokwenene.
Umntu ekubulalekeni nakwizenzo zenkululeko, kwaye othathwa njengonovelwano kwimibandela yentlalo enjengesigwebo sentambo.
Ukudandalazisa ubuqhophololo okanye ezinye izenzo ezingekho mthethweni.
Umsebenzi okurhwebo okanye kumsebenzi wezandla omsebenzi wakhe ufuna anxibe iimpahla omsebenzi okanye iimpahla zokuzikhusela.
Abantu bebhunga lopolitiko ababonwa njengabayimbumba.
Umntu othe gqolo ukunqumla umda ngezizathu zomthetho.
Uhlobo lokunqumla imida oluquka iintshukumo ezingekho mthethweni zokunqumla imida.
Ukushiya ilizwe ngokunqumla imida yalo ngokungekho mthethweni.
Intlanganiso engaqhelekanga kwaye eyintlanganiso yokuxoxa imibandela ethile nokuza nezisombululo ezinokubakho kunye namaqhinga aphathelelene nalo mibandela.
Intshukumo yopolitiko ejonge ekuthobeni ingxabano nokukhuthaza ukuthembana phakathi kwabajongene ngezikhondo zamehlo.
Kwipolitiki, ubugcisa bokuthatha umngcipheko omkhulu, nokude kuye elwangcibeni lomlo, bokuvavanya isisombululo sobutshaba ngethemba lokuphelisa ubutshaba.
Uxwebhu oluqulethe amanani aqikelela imali engenayo naleyo iyinkcitho.
1. inkqubo yoburhulumente ephawuleka ngobuchule kwimisebenzi, ukubambelela kwimithetho esisigxina nakunyuko lwamagunya. 2. Inkqubo yolawulo oluphawuleka ngokubambelela kwimithetho elukhuni nakwiinkqubo zaseburhulumenteni. 3. Iqumrhu lamagosa aseburhulumenteni elonyuliweyo kunokukhethwa, umz. inkonzo yoluntu.
Umthetho okanye ulawulo olubhengezwe ngurhulumente wasekhaya lanyanzeliswa ngendlela efanayo ngumthetho wasepalamente.
Isigqeba esilawulayo esithwaliswe imisebenzi karhulumente welizwe.
Umntu olilungu elizeleyo lekomiti yesigqeba (ikhabhinethi) selizwe.
Uluhlu lwemisebenzi okanye isebe elo liphathiswe umphathiswa.
Ukulungiswa ngokutsha kwesigqeba sabaphathiswa yintloko yesizwe.
Iqela elimanyeneyo labantu abanentshisakalo yokuqhubela phambili izinto kunye neenjongo ezidla ngokuba zezeqela elivukela umbuso.
Isikhundla okanye uluhlu lwemisebenzi ephathelele kumbandela othile, umz owokhuseleko okanye uphuhliso.
Uludwe lwezenzo ezihambelanayo ngokwexesha nangokwesithuba, ezisebenzisa ingxwaba-ngxwaba, ukonakalisa ngabom nezinye iindlela zokoyikisa ukuze ziphumeze injongo ethile.
Ukwenza uqhagamshelwano nabavoti ngenjongo yokufuna inkxaso ngokopolitiko.
Ukwenza uqhagamshelwano nabavoti njengongo yokucela iivoti.
Umyalelo onjongo yawo ikukunyusa ubuchule, umsebenzi namandla eqela kunye/okanye iziko.
Inkqubo yoqoqosho esekwe ekuphathweni kwamashishini kubunini babucala kunye norhwebelwano olukhululekileyo.
Ukwamkela umcimbi obekelwe ukuvotelwa yindlu yowiso-mthetho.
Ivoti yegosa elingusihlalo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho okanye kwisigqeba esetyenziselwa ukuqhawula ukulingana kweevoti.
Iqela lopolitiko elizama elincina inkxaso kwimithombo emininzi kangangoko linako.
Iqela labantu abathile, umz amalungu endlu yowiso-mthetho angaweqela elithile lopolitiko okanye iqela labanomdla othile, abahlangana ekhusini ukuze bagqibe ngemibandela ethile enjengendlela eza kulandelwa, iqhinga kunye nolawulo kwangaphambi kwengxoxo kawonke-wonke.
Ukuyekiswa kokungevani ngezivumelwano phakathi koophuma-silwe kwinqanaba lasekuhlaleni, lengqingqi nelesizwe.
Umntu ogunyaziselwe ukuhluza amaxwebhu, ushicilelo, ibhanyabhanya, iifilimu njl ngenjongo yokucinezela okanye ukunqanda oko kuthatyathwa njengokungamkelekanga okanye kunganqwenelekiyo.
Ukubalwa kwabemi bebonke kwingingqi ethile kwanokuqokelela ulwazi oluhamba nalo olungabemi bendawo, intlalo noqoqosho.
Ulawulo olusukela endaweni ethile olumalunga nokuthatyathwa kwezigqibo, ukufezekiswa nokuhanjiswa kwazo ekuhlaleni.
Isikweko esiveza apho kukho impembelelo negunya elizweni/embusweni onjengesixeko esiyintloko okanye iqela lopolitiko.
Iqela elilandela inkqubo yokuba phakathi endaweni nelithatha isikhundla esiphakathi phakathi kwamaqela anokuziphindisela asekunene namaqela angabanxaxhi abakwicala lasekhohlo.
Intloko yesizwe eyintloko nje ngokubanemisebenzi ngokusesikweni, umz. inkosi kwipalamente yedemokhrasi.
Ukwahlulwa ngokutsha (indlu) kwepalamente, umz indlu yoWiso-mthetho weSizwe okanye yebhunga.
Umntu oququzelela ubusoshiyali ngokukhohlisayo nokholelwa kulo ngcingane ngokuthi gcobho ebhotolweni ngaphandle kokuba negalelo kwisizathu sobusoshiyali.
Amandla omntu onempembelelo aphembelela nafuthela intembeko nokuzinikela phakathi kwabantu nakubalandeli, kude kuse kuxhomekeko nangokovakalelo.
Uxwebhu ekubhalwe kuyo imithetho-siseko yemvelaphi emiselweyo kwaye luxela ngokuthile imithetho-siseko ephathelelene kwiziko elibalulekileyo elinjengeZizwe eziManyeneyo, okanye lucacisa amalungelo oluntu.
Isivumelwano sabagunyaziswe ngokwasemthethweni ukubumba inkqubo, umbutho okanye ubungcali obunjengobungcali bokuphengulula iincwadi, okanye ukuqhuba umsebenzi okhethekileyo onjengokurhweba kwingingqi ethile.
Ingcingane yokuba usetyenziso lwamandla opolitiko kumele alawulwe ngendlela yeziko elinjengolwahlukaniso lwamasebe amagunya omthetho, olawulo nawenkundla.
Ukumka kwabantu abangamagwala.
Ilungu lepalamente elinoxanduva loluleko lweqela nokuqinisekisa ubukho boogxa walo eqeleni xa kuza kubakho uvoto ePalamente ekupheleni kwengxoxo, lidla ngokuncediswa liqela lababhexeshi.
Ukufa kwabantwana ngewaka ngalinye abakubudala obuphakathi kwesi-1–4 ngexesha elithile.
Inani labantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu kwiwaka ngalinye xa litheleiswa nabasetyhini ababudala buphakathi kwe-15-49 kubahlali bebonke.
Isikhundla somntu njengelungu lelizwe. Simnika amalungelo anjengokuvota nokukhuselwa ngumthetho kwaye kungamzisela uxanduva olunjengokuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkonzo yomkhosi.
Ibhunga elonyulelwe ukuphatha ulawulo lwesixeko.
Umzamo owenziwe ngenjongo yokunyusa iindawo ezingundoqo ukuze kuvuseleleke uphuhliso loqoqosho.
Uqhankqalazo olungenabubhovu-bhovu olujongiswe kurhulumente, apho abaqhankqalazayo bangavumiyo ukuhlonipha imithetho nemibandela eyenziwe ngurhulumente lowo.
Urhulumente welizwe okanye wendawo ophethwe ngabantu abangengomkhosi.
Ukubekwa kwabantu abangekho mkhosini endaweni yomkhosi.
Amalungelo aqinisekiswe lilizwe kubo bonke abahlali, ngokuthe gabalala kumgaqo-siseko abizwa njengomthetho okanye umqulu wamalungelo.
Amaqela namaziko abucala asebenza kwinqanaba eliphakathi kwabasemagunyeni (kwinkalo yabahlali) nabantu neentsapho.
Imfazwe ephakathi kwabemi belizwe elinye.
1. Ingcingane yentlalo esisindululo sesiseko ngxoxo sokuba amaqela ahlukeneyo entlalo noqoqosho achasene ngokuyintsusa. 2. Kwingcingane kaMarx ungquzulwano oluphakathi, nodulubhentsu olulandela kumaqela amabini achaseneyo, luchazwa luzalwano lwawo ngendlela zemveliso, okuqapheleka ikakhulu kuphakathi koongxowankulu (udidi olulawulayo noluphethe iindlela zemveliso) kunye nezixhwithantamo (udidi lwamakhoboka omvuzo).
Ukungavivisani okusukela kwimigudu yabahlali benqanaba elithile loqoqosho apho bafuna ukulawula elinye okanye ukuphelisa ulawulo olunjalo.
Imeko apho kugquba ukungalawuleki namandla atshabalalisayo kwaye kudla ngokukhuthazwa ekuhlaleni.
Ikhabhinethi ebunjwe lumanyano lwamaqela amaninzi opolitiko, ikakhulu apho kungekho qela linye lifumana uninzi lweevoti.
Ukumanyana kwexeshana kwamaqela amabini nangaphezulu opolitiko ngenjongo yokulawula, kodwa oko kwenziwa ngemvumelwano yokuba akukho qela liza kulahla imithetho-siseko yalo elibalulayo nendlela elaziwa ngayo.
Ukufumana iimfuno zopolitiko ngobumbano oluphakathi kwamaqela okanye amazwe ahlukeneyo.
Imo yobutshaba obukhulu phakathi kwe-USA ne-USSR kunye nabancedisi bayo, ca 1947–1991.
Imethodi yokumisela imivuzo nemimiselo yomsebenzi ngothethathethwano phakathi kwabaphathi neemanyano zabasebenzi.
Umthetho-siseko ofunisa ukuba amalungu eqela, umz ikhabhinethi, azimele ngokwawo nangokubumbeneyo kwindlela yawo yokuziphatha.
Ixesha ezimbalini apho izizwe ezinamandla zaseYurophu ezinjengeBhritane, iPortugal, iSpain neFransi zazinemimandla yangaphandle, ziyisebenzisa njengemithombo yemveliso zikwawaxhaphaza nangezinye iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo nesenzo sokuseka nokulawula amathanga/amazwe alawulwa ngabasemzini ngenjongo yokuba elo lilawulayo lifumane okuthile kuwo.
Ilizwe elinemimandla yangaphandle phantsi kwalo. iBhritane, iFransi nePortugal zaziyimizekelo ephambili kwiinkulungane zeshumi elinethoba neyasekuqaleni kweyamashumi amabini.
Inkqubo ekhuphela ngaphandle abantu bebala kumalungelo azeleyo asekuhlaleni.
Umntu okanye abantu abakhethwe ngokusesikweni baze banikwa umsebenzi wokuphanda umbandela obalulekileyo ekuhlaleni.
Iqela labantu abonyulelwe okanye abakhethelwe ukwenza umsebenzi ochaziweyo onjengokuphanda imibandela ethile okanye ukulawula ukwenziwa komsebenzi othile.
Umhlaba obanzi novulekele uluntu, ingakumbi osetyenziswa njengendawo yokonwabisa.
Inxenye yomhlaba ogciniweyo nosetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke, awungowamntu uyedwa.
Intlalontle okanye oko kusemdleni womntu wonke ekuhlaleni.
Indawo ephethwe ngabahlali bebonke.
Amalungelo abahlali asukela kulwazi, kwinto umntu anayo nakwezinye iimpahla ezigcinwe ngabahlali ngokuhlanganyeleneyo, njengamalungelo engqondo umntu anawo, amalungelo ezimbiwa nawomhlaba.
Umbutho omncinane owakhiwe ngokubambiseneyo naphezu kwesiseko sokwabelana ngezinto ezikhoyo kunye noxanduva.
Inkqubo egabadeleyo kwabo banengqiqo yokuncedana egxininisa ubume bokuncedana koluntu okanye ekuphuhleni kwabo, ukuhlanganyela ubunini bempahla kunye nendlela yemveliso yayo, ukungenelela apho abasebenzi bangaphathwanga ngendlela e ngoozwilakhe babaphathi kunye nokupheliswa kwamandla olawulo.
Iziko elibonelela ngeenkonzo zentlalo kwinqanaba lasekuhlaleni, umz. esixekweni okanye esithilini.
Inkqubo yokuxhobisa abantu kwiindawo ekuhlalwa kuzo kunye nokuphuculwa kweemeko ekuhlalwa kuzo.
Ukunikezelwa kwabahlali amandla aseburhulumenteni okanye asemthethweni ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yentlalo neyasekuhlaleni.
Nawuphi na umntu osebenzela ukuphucula umgangatho wempilo ekuhlaleni.
Inani labantwana ababelekwe ngumfazi ngamnye ofikelele kwixesha lenzalo.
Iihostele zesini esinye eMzantsi Afrika ezenzelwe ukuhlalisa abasebenzi abamnyama abavela kwamanye amazwe.
Umthetho wokwenza izigqibo kubahlali abahlukeneyo apho imithetho ebekwayo okanye izigqibo ezithathwayo zivunyelwa kuphela xa zisekwe liqela elikhulu nelincinci lamaqela achaphazelekayo, ukubonelela ngegunya elifanayo lokukhaba isigqibo.
Igunya nendawo yolawulo ebambeneyo nelinganayo, kwixesha elininzi ebhekiselele kwinkqubo yokuhlanganyela.
Umanyano olusesikweni lwamazwe amabini nangaphezulu apho ilizwe ngalinye ligcina uzimele geqe walo, obumbene nangaphezulu kumanyano kodwa kancinane ekuhlanganyelaneni ngokuphatha. Oku kuhlanganyelana kun gaqinisekiswa ngumthetho-siseko wokunika igunya lokukhaba isigqibo esithatyathwayo.
Umanyano lwamazwe ngokuhlanganyeleneyo apho ilizwe ngalinye ligcina uzimelegeqe walo. Amazwe ahlangene ngokumanyeneyo aneenjongo neenjongo ezifanayo ezinjengokhuseleko, ubudlelwane bangaphandle okanye urhwebelwano.
Inkqubo apho amaqela angevaniyo aphela engena kwisivumelwano sokusombulula imbambano yawo eyiyeyentsusa ngaloo ndlela athi aphelise ubutshaba obuphakathi kwawo.
Ukufikelela kwisiphelo sokuphelisa ukungevani ngokufumana izisombululo eziyimpumelelo nezigcinakalayo.
Umntu owala ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuwo nawuphi na umcimbi ochasene nemithetho-siseko yakhe yenkolo okanye yokuziphatha, umz ukuphatha izikhali okanye ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkonzo yomkhosi.
Ukuqala ulwazi olubalulekileyo njengendlela yofundo olukhululekileyo ukuze kuhlalutywe izimvo, imixholo nobudlelwane obudla ngokuthathwa ngokungaqatshelwanga.
Umntu onyanzelwe ukuba ajoyine emkhosini wezixhobo.
Ujoyino lomkhosi wezixhobo ngokusisinyanzelo.
Uhlobo lwedemokhrasi efunyenwe kubahlali abahlukene kakhulu. Isekwe kwimithetho-siseko yomelwano lolwalamano, ukuzimela kwegcuntswana ngopolitiko, urhulumente omkhulu wobumbano kunye nelungelo lwamaqela amancinane ekukhabeni izigqibo ezichaphazela izinto ezibalulekileyo kuwo.
Ukuphatha ipolitiki ngendlela yokunyanzelisa isivumelwano kwaye kuthintelwe iyantlukwano nokujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo; ukufuna indlela yokusebenzisana okanye ukubuya umva koko ubume kuko.
Ingcingane yopolitiko eboniswa ngokuxhaswa kwesithethe, umsebenzi, igunya indawo yabucala okanye norhwebelwano olukhululekileyo.
Iqela labantu abanikwe umsebenzi wokuqulunqa umgaqo-siseko okanye ukuseka uburhulumente.
Indawo eyabelwe ukunyulwa kwabammeli babahlali.
Abaxhasi bommeli othile wopolitiko, okanye iqela elithile lopolitiko.
Abantu abanelungelo lokuvota endaweni ekuvotelwa kuyo.
Imithetho engundoqo nemithetho-siseko yopolitiko elilawulwa ngayo ilizwe, kuquka imisebenzi, amagunya nemisebenzi yoburhulumente kwakunye nobudlelwane obuphakathi kwelizwe nabemi balo.
Indibano yabakhethiweyo enikezwe umsebenzi wokuyila umgaqo-siseko.
Iinkqubo apho yenziwa khona imithetho-siseko yolawulo lwelizwe.
Inkqubo yeqhinga ejonge ekuthinteleni ukwanda kwempembelelo yobutshaba, umz. inkqubo kaRhulumente waseMelika yokuthintela ukwanda kwempembelelo yaseRashiya emva kweMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi.
1. Ngokwezepolitiko, yinkqubo engabhalwanga phantsi esele isisithethe nesele ithatyathwa njengomthetho nangona nje ingenakude ifune ukunyanzeliswa yinkundla yomthetho. 2. Kwezobudlelwane bezizwe ngezizwe, sisivumelwano ekuvunyelenwe ngaso ngamazwe ukuba kulawulwe ngeenkqubo ezamkelekileyo, umz Isivumelwano saseGeneva emfazweni.
Intlangano yamaqela aneenjongo ezilungelelaniswe ngokufanayo, njengemibutho yabasebenzi neembumba zamashishini kwiinkqubo zokwenza inkqubo kwiidemokhrasi ezivuthiweyo. 
Isenzo sokwamkela okanye ukuvuza ngokukho mthethweni okanye ukunyoba ngenjongo yokufumana ukuphathwa ngokukhethekileyo kunabanye kwezoshishino okanye kwimibandela karhulumente.
Ilungu lamazwe athile omhlaba akhethiweyo ebantwini bamazwe kwezemali nakwezolawulo.
Uhlaselo loburhulumente olungekho mthethweni olungalindelekanga nolunobubhovu-bhovu, ngomkhosi oxhobe ngezikhali.
Izenzo okanye imizamo yokuthintela ukudandalaza kwenyaniso.
Imeko emandundu apho izinto ezilukhuni, eziyingozi kunye nezigqibo ezisingisela ekufeni kunyanzeleke ukuba zithatyathwe ngexesha elifutshane.
Ukukhethwa okanye ukuphakanyiswa okunedolo kwabantu kwizikhundla zoburhulumente kunye nokunikezwa kwezivumelwano ngobuhlobo kungathathelwanga ingqalelo yezakhono neemfanelo.
Imeko apho amaqela achaseneyo angakwaziyo ukufumana isisombululo esiya kwamkeleka kuwo onke amaqela achaphazelekayo.
Inkqubo yokufikelela esigqibeni.
Umbutho womkhosi osemthethweni welizwe.
Amandla anikezwe iziko kodwa athi anikezwe ngokuyinxalenye kwelinye, kodwa angamandla amancinane, iziko okanye umntu njengommeli weziko labo.
Isenzo kufuna okanye ukucela ngenxa yelungelo okanye igunya onalo; isicelo okanye ibango elingqongqo.
Uhlobo lolawulo apho abantu ingabo abanamandla opolitiko okanye okuphatha. Zininzi iindidi zeedemokhrasi ezingaphawulwa; nangona kunjalo, ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwabantu ekuthatheni izigqibo kuyinto engumyalelo kolu hlobo lolawulo.
Inkqubo apho omele urhulumente wabantu ukhethwa ngabantu belizwe nabamnika iivoti.
Inkqubo apho urhulumente ajongana nezigqibo azithathileyo ebantwini bakhe, nalapho abantu bathabatha inxaxheba ngokukhululekileyo kwimicimbi yentlalo, yopolitiko neyoqoqosho lwelizwe.
Ukundandalazisa ekuhleni izimvo, kumaxesha amaninzi kudla ngokwenziwa umngcelele kunye nentlanganiso enkulu obonisa imbumba yamanyama kunye nenkxaso yesizathu esithile.
Ukudandalazisa uluvo lwabantu ekuhleni ukubonisa inkxaso okanye ukuvakalisa izikhalazo.
Isebe okanye icandelo elingaphantsi kwelinye lenkonzo yoluntu.
Iqondo lokuxhomekeka kwabantu abadala (abanama-65 nangaphezulu) kunye nolutsha (olungaphantsi kwe-15 leminyaka) kwabo abasenamandla obudala (ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kuma-64).
Isenzo apho umba woluntu wohlulwa kolowo wokulwela ilizwe nakupolitiko olohlukanisayo ubekwa kwiqondo lokulwela isizwe ukuze uxoxwe, kuthathwe nesigqibo ngawo, umz. ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwempembelelo yopolitiko kudaba lokuqhomfa.
Ukuncipha kwabantu kwindawo ethile.
Ukuvalwa komlomo okanye ukugxothwa komhambi onganqwenelekiyo elizweni.
Ukususa umphathi esikhundleni solawulo.
Ukususa ubuhlanga njengesihlahla kumba, kwiziko okanye kwimeko ethile.
Ukugcinwa komntu eluvalelweni ngaphandle kokunikwa ithuba lokuzikhusela kwinkundla yamatyala.
Iindlela zelizwe zokunyanzelisa ngeenjongo zokunqanda elinye ilizwe okanye umbutho kwizenzo ezenzakalisayo.
Ilizwe elikwinkqubo yokuphucuka kwamacandelo oezemali aphantsi, aphakathi nakwinqanaba eliphezulu ngenjongo yokwenza ngcono imigangatho yempilo yabantu bebonke.
Uncedo olunikwa amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ngenjongo yokuphucula ezemali okusekeke enkqubeni yokunceda kunye nokusebenzisanangemvisiswano, umz ukunikezwa koncedo lwemali kwimisebenzi ejongene nabahlali kunye naleyo yabucala, olu ncedo lunikezwa ngamaqondo aphantsi enzala nangamagama esivumelwano amahle, oku kuquka ukuhlawula ngemali esetyenziswa kwelo lizwe.
Inkqubo yokudluliselwa kwamandla esuselwa kurhulumente omkhulu/kazwelonke ukuya kurhulumente omncinane okanye wommandla (wephondo okanye wasekuhlaleni).
Umphathi ongathandabuzekiyo nompatho ingqongqo.
Ukufuduswa kwabantu okwabangela ziimfazwe, umz ezo zikaShaka.
Umyalelo ovela kwigunya elingasentla oqulethe imiyalelo yokuba kwenziwe okuthile.
Inkqubo yonyulo apho abameli babantu bakhethwa ngabavoti.
Abantu abangenakukhuphisana nabanye ngokulinganayo okanye baxhamle amathuba alinganayo, ngenxa yezinto zangaphambili ezinjengocalucalulo ngokwentlalo nangokopolitiko.
Uluhlu lwemiqathango ejongene nokwaphulwa kwemithetho yeziko, kuquka amalungelo amaqela, iinkqubo zezohlwayo nezezibheno.
Ikomiti exhotyiselwe ukuthabatha isenzo soluleko.
Ukuphakanyiswa kweemfuno zeqela elinye ngokunyathelela phantsi amalungelo amanye amaqela.
Inkqubo echaphazela abantu abathile ngokungalunganga okanye eneziphumo ezingalinganiyo kumaqela abantu abathile.
Umntu owohluthwe ilungelo lokuvota.
Ulwazi oluguqulwe okanye olukhohlisa ngabom ngenjongo yokuphembelela izenzo zabanye.
Uphazamiseko loluntu oludalwa kukungabikho komthetho olawula uluntu ngokunefuthe.
Isenzo okanye inkqubo yokusombulula ingxaki okanye ingxoxo.
Uluvo lwasemthethweni lomgwebi oluphikisanayo nesigqibo sesininzi senkundla.
Ukhetho okanye uluvo olukhabayo.
Ukudandalazisa ukungavisisani nezimvo kunye neenkolo ezisemthethweni.
Ukohlulelwa kobutyebi phakathi kwabantu elizweni. Ulwahlulo lusoloko luphantse ukungalingani, ludala iindidi ezingalinganiyo zabantu, abatyebileyo, abaphakathi nabahluphekileyo.
Ukwabelwa kwabantu okanye amaqela umhlaba.
Iqela labantu abahluke ngokwenkcubeko, ngokwenkolo, ngokwentlalo okanye ngokobuhlanga, abahlala kwindawo ethile bephantsi kolawulo lwegunya lopolitiko olunye.
Inkqubo yamaqela opolitiko apho iqela elithile linganele kuba namandla nje kuphela, koko libuya longamele onke amanye amaqela achasayo kunye nayo yonke inkqubo yolawulo lwezopolitiko.
Igama elisetyenziswa ekuhlaziyeni uncedo oluvela ngaphandle, ingakumbi kumazwe afumileyo. Oku kwenzelwa ukubonisa umoya ongekho mhle nomandundu kuluvo lwabantu abachaphazelekayo ngokumalunga nemithetho-siseko neenjongo zenkqubo zoncedo olo.
Indawo okanye isixeko apho bahlala khona abaphangeli kwaye ikufuphi nendawo enemisebenzi / yezoqoqosho bachithe khona elona xesha lide lemini kuyo; ikwabizwa njengegumbi lokulala labaphangeli.
Ilishwa, ukusilela okanye icala elibi lento.
Ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi, ubungakanani bezixhobo okanye impahla kunye/okanye umda wemisebenzi okanye iinkonzo ezenziwayo.
Ukukhetha nokubizela abantu kwinkonzo esisinyanzelo yomkhosi.
Isindululo somthetho esiyintshayelelo.
Umntu ophephana nenkonzo esisinyanzelo yomkhosi.
Intloko yezihange ezithengisa ngokungekho mthethweni iziyobisi ezichewulayo.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi.
Umntu ongenisa nonyubelezisa ngokungekho mthethweni iziyobisi ezichawulayo elizweni.
Ukuba nobuzwe bamazwe amabini ngaxeshanye, umzekelo ilizwe ozalelwe kulo nelizwe ohlala kulo.
Iinkqubo zomthetho ezijonge ukukhusela amalungelo namagunya omntu ngamnye, umzekelo umntu otyholwa ngokwaphula umthetho umelwe kukubekwa ityala kwinkundla yomthetho kwaye anikezwe ithuba lokuveza ubungqina bokuzikhusela nelokuba nomthetheleli osemthethweni.
Ingcingane esekwe kwinkolo yokuba kukho ikhonkco elibalulekileyo phakathi koluntu kunye nendalo, kwanokuba inkqubo yokuphila ingaphezulu koko kuthandwa luluntu.
Ukuba nako kwelizwe ukuzuza ukukhula okulondolozekayo koqoqosho nophuhliso.
Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zemali ngendlela enyanzelisayo ngenjongo yokuphumeza imigomo kazwelonke.
Ubuchule bokulawula izibonelelo zabantu kunye nezikarhulumente wabo (Adam Smith). Inzululwazi yeethiyori zemithetho yemveliso kunye nolwabiwo lobutyebi (McCulloch); inkqubo yoqoqosho lwesizwe.
Ingcingane egxininisa ukulingana kwezemali, intlalo nopolitiko.
Igqala elindilisekileyo kwezokuphathwa kwelizwe, lidla ngokuba libe selisidla umhlala-phantsi, elisoloko lindwendwelwa ngabasemagunyeni ukuze linikeze icebiso.
Isenzo sokukhethela umntu kwisikhundla esithile, kumaxesha amaninzi ukhethwa ngokuvotelwa; ukukhethwa kwamalungu endlu yowiso-mthetho ngokufumana iivoti ezininzi.
Imizamo eyenziwa ngabangenelele unyulo yokufumana inkxaso yoluntu kunyulo oluzayo.
Ingxelo-ntetho eyenziwa esidlangalaleni equlethe imithetho-siseko, uxabiseko nezicwangciso zeqela lopolitiko elingenela ukhetho.
Isigqeba esisemthethweni sabakhethiweyo nesithathwa njengesigqeba esenzelwe ukukhetha othile ukuba angene esikhundleni esithile.
Inkqubo apho amaqela amabini nangaphezulu opolitiko athi axhasa othile omele ukhetho ngokumdibanisela iivoti zawo.
Isigqeba sabahlali abanelungelo lokuvota elukhethweni.
1. Inkolelo yokuba abahlali bamelwe kukulawulwa liqela labathile elikhethekileyo labakrelekrele nabafundileyo. 2. Igugu okanye ukuzazi ukuba ungomnye weqela labathile abakhethekileyo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isenzo sengqesho senzeka ngendlela elinganayo kubo bonke ukuze ibe yenobulungisa nengenacalulo.
Ukubonelela ngegunya nezibonelelo.
Imithetho evumela ukubonelelwa ngamandla negunya.
Ukwenza umthetho.
Ukunikeza ilungelo lomthetho okanye igunya emntwini okanye eqeleni, ingakumbi ilungelo lokuvota.
icandelo lomgaqo-siseko}. Ukuseka ngokuluqilima izithethe okanye imiqathango ethile engenakuguqulwa ngokulula okanye engenakuze iguqulwe konke-konke, njengokunqatyiswa kwamalungelo oluntu.
Inkqubo yokuzaliswa kweqela lopolitiko ngamalungu elinye iqela ngenjongo yokuphembelela ngaphakathi inkqubo yeqela elichaphazelekayo.
Imfundiso ephakamisa ukulondolozwa nokukhuselwa kokuphathelelene nendalo ukuze kuxhamle uluntu ngokoqoqosho.
Ukufikelela namathuba amahle, amalungelo awodwa nawomthetho ngokufanayo.
Ulawulo lwabahlali ngobulungisa nangokulinganayo.
Ukwanda kobunzima, ubushushu bamandla nokungevani ngesantya esikhuluwe.
Iqela labantu elinentshiseko yokuba neziko ngaphakathi ekuhlaleni, umz. abo balawula amaziko karhulumente.
Ukususwa ngesinyanzelo nokugxothwa kweqela okanye amaqela enkcubeko ethile kwindawo okanye kwilizwe ethile apho ubukho bawo buthatyathwa njengobungafanelekanga; kwakhona – isihlonipho sokubulawa kwenkitha yabantu ngenxa yobuhlanga.
Ubukho kwamaqela aneenkcubeko ahlukahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwendawo ethile.
Imizamo yokutshayela indawo nabahlali bobukho obungafunekiyo bamaqela eenkcubeko ezithile ngokubulawelwa ubuhlanga.
Umyalelo wasemthethweni wokugxotha umntu okanye iqela ngaphandle komhlaba okanye i-ofisi ethile.
Iziko elisemthethweni laseBrithani elingaphantsi kolawulo loMlawuli noMphicothi-zincwadi-Jikelele abaphicotha zonke izikweleti zoluntu kunye nengxelo yeziphumo kwiKomiti yeZikweleti zoluNtu endlwini yabaPhathi.
Indawo esukela echwebeni ukuya kuma-200 eemayile ecaleni kolwandle apho ilizwe elisechwebeni linelungelo elisemthethweni lokuphonononga, ukuxhamla nokulondoloza zonke izibonelelo eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo.
Inxenye yabantu abaphethe embuthweni abanikezwe igunya lokujongana nemisebenzi yolawulo.
Umntu onikezwe igunya lokugqithisa iinkqubo, amacebo, njl.
Isebe loburhulumente elinikezwe amandla okufezekisa imithetho.
Naliphi na ibhunga lolawulo elinikezwe amandla okuphatha emsebenzini.
Umntu okanye abantu amandla omthetho angaphezulu kunawo onke okufezekisa inkqubo yelizwe okanye indawo.
Iqela labantu elityunjwe okanye elikhethwe kwindlu epheleleyo yowiso-mthetho ngesizathu sokulawula nokongamela iprojekthi, umsebenzi okanye ukuphunyezwa komthetho.
Iziko elingxalwe ngamandla okuphumeza umthetho nenkqubo.
I-ofisi yoburhulumente kamongameli welizwe engxalwe ngamandla ophando lwenkqubo, ulongamelo lwamasebe nokuphunyezwa kwemiyalelo yolawulo kamongameli.
Ubuchule bokuphumeza nokunyanzelisa imithetho.
Igunya lokuphumeza imithetho nenkqubo.
Iimeko ezithile ngaphakathi ezikweni ezenza iziphathamandla zinyanzele iziko ukuba lithabathe amanyathelo athile.
Umntu ongavunyelwanga ukusuka kwindawo ethile ukuya kwenye.
Umntu olinikela umva ilizwe lakhe, kudla ngokuba kungenxa yeemeko zopolitiko okanye ezentlalo.
Intshayelelo okanye ingxoxo-mpikiswano esisiqalelo sokuphanda okunokwenzeka.
Iingxoxo eziyingabula-zigcawu ezibanjelwa ukuqokelela ulwazi nokuphonononga okunokwenzeka.
Uhlobo loburhulumente apho amandla aphezulu asezandleni zikamongameli no-ofisi yakhe yahlukileyo kuwiso-mthetho ngokwezopolitiki nangokomgaqo-siseko. Umongameli akadingi kuthenjwa yindlu yowiso-mthetho ukuze ahlale ezintanjeni, kwaye akaniki ngxelo kuyo.
Libhekiselele kwisolotya lamandla okanye okanye umbutho ongaphandle kwegunya lepalamente.
Ngokwezopolitiko kuchazwa abantu abanezimvo eqatha ngokwengqondo nabanemibono enenkqubela phambili ngendima yelizwe kwezoqoqosho, okt akukho mpahla yabucala okanye intengo emele ukuba ivunyelwe elizweni.
Ngokwezopolitiko, ngabantu abanengqondo eqatha, abanezimvo zobuntamolukhuni nemibono enenkcaso, abashumayela ibuyambo kumaxesha angcono amandulo.
1. ubutshaba nokungevani okuphakathi kwamacandelo nabahlali abangaphakathi kolwakhelwano olukhulu; nokulwa okuphakathi kwezizwe zobuhlanga kunye nokweentsapho zohlanga. 2. ukulwa okubangelwa luqhekeko ngaphakathi kwamaqela athile opolitiko.
Ilizwe elinolawulo oluncinane kakhulu ezindaweni ezininzi kwaye eloyisakalayo ukugcina isithunzi salo, ubungangamsha balo, umthetho wangaphakathi nenzolo, nokusebenza koqoqosho, umz.iSomalisa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini eminyaka.
Ingqiqo kaMarx elithanda ukusetyenziswa ukungqinela isenzo sopolitiko, neliqaqambisa ukuba iqela labasebenzi limfamekile ngokweminqweno nezidingo zalo, kwaye alisoze laziqonda inkolelo neminqweno yalo yokwenene lide liqiqiswe ngayo.
Ingcingane yopolitiko ephawuleka ngenkolo ephikisana nokwenza ngengqondo, ukulwa, ubunkokheli obumakhazikhazi, ukukhetheka, ukudityaniswa kwelizwe lonke nobuzwe obugabadeleyo. Le ngcingane yayanyaniswa nolawulo lukaMussolini e-Italy ngo-1922 – 1945.
Umntu othi ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe esinamathuba azixhamlise amaqithi-qithi amaninzi kunye nemali ngokungamfanelanga.
Imfundiso efundisa ngokuthi inkqubo yokuhlanganyela okanye uhlobo lolawulo luhambisana nendlela yokulungelelanisa ilizwe eliquka amasolotya ahlukahlukeneyo kwanamaqela abahlali abahlukahlukeneyo.
Ilizwe eliphethwe ngurhulumente bemimandla eyahlukeneyo, urhulumente ngamnye exhamla ukuziphatha okuthile, umz ngokumayela nemfundo.
Upolitiko olwakhelwe kwinani lamacandelo okanye amazwe amancinci apho amandla oburhulumente obuxubileyo aphelela kwimibandela ethile yesizwe ecaciswe ngokomgaqo-siseko, njengenkqubo yangaphandle okanye yokhuselo kunye namazwe athile, imimandla okanye amaphandle agcine iqondo eliphezulu lokuzimela geqe emthethweni nakupolitiko. Imizekelo yiMelika, iKhanada, i-Australiya, i-Indiya neRiphabliki eDibeneyo yaseJamani.
Umntu owabelana nowandisa imibono okanye iinjongo zeqela kodwa engelolungu lao iqela elo kwaye engavamisanga ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yalo.
Ingcingane kunye nentshukumo yopolitiko, eqwalasela upolitiko lobuni, ubudlelwane bamandla nokuhambiselana nezesondo ngokugxeka inkqubo yentlalo eyenza kugqube amadoda apho amadoda axhamla ngaphezulu kunabasetyhini kunye nokuphuculwa kolingano ngokwesini, amalungelo nemibandela yamakhosikazi.
1. Ulawulo lopolitiko olusekwe kwinkqubo yamalungelo nemisebenzi ngokuthi intloko yopolitiko inikeze umhlaba kubantu abaphantsi kwayo ukubabuyekeza ngokwenza iinkonzo ezithile, njengenkxaso yomkhosi. Iinkosi ezibusisa ngomhlaba zona zinelungelo lokugweba, ukurhla irhafu nokuyalela abaphantsi kwazo. 2. Ngokwenkolo kaMarx, yindlela yomhlaba wemveliso.
Inkonzo yoluntu njengamandla okwenene elizweni.
Igama eliquka amazwe omhlaba anorhwebo nangenabukomanisi, abonwa njengamazwe aseMntla Melika neNtshona Yurophu, iJaphani, iAustralia neNew Zealand.
Ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kwako nakuphi na ukukhetha nangokunxamnye kwentando yothile, kudla ngokuphela ngobubhovu-bhovu.
Ukwahlukaniswa ngokunyanzelwa okuphakathi kwamalungu eentlanga ezahlukeneyo.
Ukunyanzela kotshaba ngokusebenzisa isoyikiso okanye usetyenziso lomkhosi oxhobe waf’ amacala.
Iintlobo-ntlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncedo oluvela ngapaya kwemida yamazwe.
Imigomo elandelwa ngamazwe ongameleyo ekuxulushaneni kwawo namanye amazwe kwaneendlela zokuhlangabezana nayo.
Uhlobo lolungiselelo lwelizwe nokwakheka koburhulumente balo, kungaba ngokokokubumbeneyo okanye ngokumanyeneyo.
Indawo yowiso-mthetho, okanye intlanganiso apho kwenziwa khona intetho okanye kuqhutywa khona uqoqosho.
1. Awona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo e-Afrika, e-Asia, nas-eLatin Amerika. 2. Amaqela aziinzalelwane angamelwanga azimanya ngokwawo kwezopolitiko kwiqonga lamazwe omhlaba jikelele, umz. lawo asuka kumahlathi oMzantsi Melika. 3. Amazwe angawodidi oluphantsi anjenge-Taiwan noMzantsi Afrika phambi ko-1994.
Ilungelo lokuvota.
Inkqubo esemthethweni yokusebenzisa unyulo lwezepolitiki ngaphandle kokusebenzisa impembelelo engafanelekanga, ukoyikiswa nobubhovu-bhovu, kunye nommelo lweziphumo olucacileyo nolunenyaniso.
Imeko yokuba ngaphandle kolawulo lomlamli nokuxhamla inkululeko yobuwena, inkululeko yokwenza ngohlobo ofuna ngalo kunye nelungelo lokuzimisela.
Uxwebhu ophathelelene namalungelo oluntu eMzantsi Afrika; lwavunywa yi-ANC ngonyaka we-1955.
Umntu olwela ukuchasa oko akubona njengoburhulumente obucinezelayo okanye obungekho mthethweni, njengenxalenye yomzabalazo wenkululeko.
Ilungelo lokuvakalisa izimvo neenolelo ngaphandle kwezithintelo ezingafanelekanga ezenziwa lilizwe.
Ilungelo lokubhala okanye lokushicilela amaphephandaba, iimagazini, iincwadi, iincwadana kunye nokufana noko, kwanokusasaza emoyeni ngaphandle kwezithintelo ezingafanelekanga okanye ukuhluza kwelizwe.
Ilungelo lokunqula ngokwenkolo yomntu ngamnye ngaphandle kokungenelela kwesizwe.
Umthetho-siseko woqoqosho lokukhuphisana ngentengo engenasithintelo nongenelelo lukarhulumente olunomdla kwizigqibo zoqoqosho.
Utshintshiselwano ngeempahla neenkonzo ngokunenzuzo efanayo phakathi kwamazwe, ngaphandle kwezithintelo ezinjengemirhumo neekowuta.
1. Indawo apho kuphela khona ilizwe kube sekuqala elinye. 2. Ummandla osekupheleni kwendawo ekuhlalwa kuyo elizweni.
Inkokheli yase-Mozambique, e-Tanzania, e-Zambia nase-Angola ezaxhasa ngokunxamnye umzabalazo wenkululeko yoburhulumente be-Rhodesia yamandulo noMzantsi Afrika.
Amalungelo omntu wonke asisiseko njengoko enqatyisiwe, umzekelo uMqulu waMalungelo oLuntu eZizwe eziManyeneyo, njengelungelo lokuhlonitshwa nelokuvota.
Zonke iinkqubo zemfundo noqeqesho ezikhokelela kwiziqinisekiso ezingaphezulu kwenqanaba lemfundo ethe gabalala, kodwa ibe ingaphantsi kwemfundo ephakamileyo.
Ilizwe elilawulwa zizaphula-mthetho okanye ngokwemithetho-siseko yolwaphulo-mthetho.
Imeko yokuba liduna okanye yobukhomokazi.
Intshukumo ejonge ekwenzeni ubomi bungonganyelwa ngamadoda kuphela nokunikeza ithuba elifanayo kwabasetyhini ukuze kwenzeke ifuthe elivakalayo ekwakhekeni ngokwepolitiki, ngokoqoqosho nangokwentlalo yasekuhlaleni.
Inkcazelo yezithethe ezakhiwe entlalweni yeendima nezimo ezingaphambili zobuduna nobukhomokazi.
Inkqubo apho bonke abavoti belizwe bathabatha inxaxheba ekukhetheni abammeli ukuze bakhe uburhulumente.
1. ngokukaRousseau: Isigqibo esiqukayo sabo bonke abantu elizweni, ukuthathela ingqalelo kuphela imicimbi elungele bonke abahlali kodwa ezikhuphela ngaphandle iminqweno yokucingela iziqu zabathile kuphela. 2. intsingiselo ngokuthe gabalala: ulangazelelo, iminqweno okanye okuthandwa luninzi lwamalungu abahlali.
Ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa kweendawo eziwayo zedolophu ukuze zifanelane nemigangatho ephakathi, okukudla ngokuba neziphumo zokushenxiswa kweendawo zokuhlala zomgangatho ophantsi.
1. Abantu bomgangatho wentlalo ephezulu. 2. Abo bangaphantsi komgangatho wezidwangube.
1. Impembelelo yezinto zomhlaba kwiipolitiki zomhlaba, njengendawo, ubukhulu, izibonelelo zemvelo, inkcazelo-mphandle nomhlaba othile welizwe; iBritane njengelizwe elisesiqithini libe sethamsanqeni kwezendawo xa lihlaselwa ngamanye amazwe angaphandle. 2. Ukuhlalutya ezepolitiki, imbali nabahlali ngokubhekiselele kwizinto zomhlaba.
Inkqubo yokulawula ngobuqhetseba izithili zovoto ngenjongo yokuba kuxhamle iqela lopolitiko ngokufanelekanga.
1 Indawo enezindlu ezimdaka esixekweni nehlalwa ngabantu abacinezelekileyo ngokwentlalo nangokoqoqosho. 2. Mandulo yayiyindawo apho amaYuda ayenyanzelwa ukuba ahlale kuyo.
Igosa laseburhulumenteni lobuxoki elirholelwa nje umvuzo ngokungekho mthethweni.
Okuphathelelene okanye okuchaphazela umhlaba wonke, umz. uqoqoqsho lwehlabathi liphela, ubugrogrisi behlabathi liphela.
Inkqubo yokuphatha imibandela ethile ebalulekileyo nechaphazela onke amazwe omhlaba ngokomxholo omacala maninzi.
Inkqubo yamazwe ehlabathi liphela, uqoqosho lwawo nophenduphendulwano lwayo, echaphazela amandla nobutyebi bawo onke amazwe.
Iinzame zokwandisa amandla nempembelelo kubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe ngeendlela zokuhambela rhoqo kwabammeli bakarhulumente kumazwe angaphandle ngokwaseburhulumenteni.
Ubuchule bokulawula ilizwe; inkqubo yokulawula, ukuphatha indawo nokujongana kwabahlali nezigqibo ezithathiweyo.
1. iqela lasekuhlaleni ekuthathwa kulo abo abo basebenzisa amandla. 2. ngokwengcingane kaMarx, udidi lwabantu eliphethe iindlela zemveliso.
Iqela labantu abonyulelwe okanye abatyunjelwe ukuphatha imicimbi yeziko.
Iqela labantu abonyulelwe okanye abatyunjelwe ukulamla kwizikhundla zokuphatha, zomthetho nezokucebisa.
Abambalwa abakhethelwe ukongamela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla opolitiko kuluntu.
Iqela elilawula ilizwe okanye indawo ethile kwezopolitiko.
Imisebenzi karhulumente ephathelelene nobulungisa, ulawulo nokuwisa umthetho. EMelika likwasetyenziselwa ukuthetha inkonzo karhulumente.
Isigqeba solawulo lwelizwe.
Umbutho owasekelwa ukwenza imisebenzi ethile kulawulo lwelizwe.
Isakhiwo esisemthethweni soburhulumente belizwe okanye bephondo esinomsebenzi wolawulo oluxhasayo kunye namandla apheleleyo okulawula anikezwe abanini beeofisi zopolitiko.
Urhulumente olawula okanye obanga ukuba ulawula ilizwe lakhe ukwelinye ilizwe elingaphandle, oku kudla ngokuba kwiimeko ezingaphaya kwamandla, njengomlo okanye imfazwe yamakhaya ngexesha urhulumente anikwe ngalo uphum’ aphele okanye azithabathele uphum’ aphele kwilizwe elivana nalo.
Ukufakwa kwempumlo lilizwe kwimicimbi yoqoqosho neyentlalo, njengolawulo lweentengiso, kwakunye nemicimbi yamanye amazwe.
Intloko yelizwe elimele ubukumkani baseBritane kumazwe athile angamaThanga, umz. i-Canada ne-Australia.
Ukufumaneka kwemali, amandla nenceba ngeendlela ezinganyanisekanga, kudla ngokusetyenziswa isikhundla segunya ngondlela-mnyama.
Iinkqubo ezinkulu zocalucalulo eMzantsi Afrika, umz. ukusekwa kweendawo zabantu abamnyama, ezikhabana neenkqubo zemihla ngemihla njengokuhlala kwabantu ngokwahlukahlukana.
Indlela yokugqithisa ngokungekho mthethweni ulwazi okanye amarhe ukusuka kumntu nomntu.
Amalungu aqhelekileyo asekuhlaleni kwaye abangenazikhundla, kodwa abanokubanga ifuthe kwezopolitiko.
Isikhundla esithile azifumana ekuso umntu, esizisa ithuba lokonwabela uxhamlo olungaqhelekanga lwezinto nolwemali, olungade uluntu lukuthathe oko njengokunokuchaswa.
Ilizwe elihlelwe namanye angawona anamandla amakhulu kwinkqubo yelizwe enyukileyo, ebonakaliswe kwifuthe lalo phezu kwamazwe amancinci.
Imfundiso ebethelela ubaluleko nolondolozo lohlaza lwemvelo.
Ngokwembali yindawo yokuhlala kwiRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika eyayihlalwa ngabantu beentlanga ezingaphezu kolunye.
Imfundiso engawuchaziyo umthombo wayo.
Indawo eyahlulelwe amaqela eentlanga ngokukodwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yophuhliso olwahlukeneyo lukarhulumente wocalucalulo.
Imicimbi exhamlisa iqela labantu lilonke nebonelela isiseko seentshukumo zeqela elo.
Ezo zinto zinokubangwa liqela njengeziyimfanelo kulo ngokusemthethweni.
Ilungu lomkhosi wemfazwe ongaqhwayelekanga, ingakumbi umkhosi olwa nomkhosi oqinisekisiweyo.
Imfazwe engaqhelekanga, eyenziwa ziinzalelwane, imikhosi exhobileyo idlala indima ephambili.
Ukusebenza kwempi kunye nempi ehambisana nayo, eyeyemo engavumelekanga ikakhulu, eyenziwa ngokubanjwa kotshaba okanye indawo yotshaba, yimikhosi engaqhelekanga neyonganyelwe ziiinzalelwane.
Okwemvelo kukusetyenziswa kwamaphenyane emfazwe ngenjongo yokwenza amandla omkhosi wangaphandle uqiniseke ngengxoxo yobungqondongqondo; ukwandiswa kwexesha lokusetyenziswa kobungqondongqondo ngezoyikiso zongezelelo lomkhosi, ingakumbi amandla amazwe amakhulu kulawo abuthathaka.
Ukungangeneleli, ingakumbi kwinkqubo yangaphandle.
Iipolitiki ezisekwe kwiinkqubo ezingagungqiyo neendlela ezithene mbende nokuqina kwizenzo zazo.
Umntu oneembono ezilukhuni, onganikezeli ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko ezidinga ukuhlangabezana.
Ookhetshe, eli gama lisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza abantu bezopolitiko nabanye abantu abakhetha inkqubo yobuntamo-lukhuni ekusombululeni ungquzulwano lwezopolitiko. Oku kuquka izenzo ezininzi zobubhovu-bhovu, ukulwa ngezikhali okanye umkhosi wemfazwe oqhelekileyo. Igama lamahobe lona libhekiswe kwabo bakholelwa ekubeni usetyenziso lomkhosi aludingeki nganto. Bavame ukukhetha uqhankqalazo olungenabubhovu-bhovu, ubuchule bokuphathisana nendlela yokusombulula ungquzulwano ngendlela yoxolo.
Umntu onegunya eligqibeleleyo lolawulo elizweni, umz. inkulumbuso olawula ikhabhinethi.
Intloko yelizwe ngokusesikweni okanye ngokwewonga, umz. ukumkani okanye umongameli, enawo okanye engenawo amandla olawulo.
Isithunywa esiphezulu selizwe esingungqondongqondo nesimele ilizwe eliliThanga kwelinye ilizwe elikwaliThanga. Jonga kunozakuzaku.
Umhlali waseMzantsi Afrika, owayengenalungelo lokuvota kunyulo lwesizwe phambi kokwaziswa komgaqo-siseko weRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika ngo-1983 okanye umgaqo-siseko ngo-1993 okanye ongowasetyhini okanye okhubazekileyo.
Nawuphi na umntu, udidi lwabantu, abahlali ababevinjwe amathuba ngenxa yocalucalulo olugwenxa phambi kokusebenza komgaqo-siseko waseMzantsi Afrika (uMthetho ongunombolo 2000 ka-1993).
Umntu obanjwe ngokungekho mthethweni ngaphandle kokuthanda kwakhe, okukhululwa kwakhe kuphantsi kokunikezwa kwesithembiso okanye ukhuseleko kwabo bamthimbileyo ekufezekisweni kwesifungo esithile, oku kuko okwenza ukuba akhululwe umthinjwa.
Imfundiso engokuba ilizwe ligcine ilungelo lokusabela kutyeshelo lokuhlonipheka komda ngokulandela ezithendeni zalowo ungumkreqi, ukuze kufikelelwe endaweni kumda welizwe ofihle okanye ovumela lowo ukreqayo ukuze kubanjwe ibanjwa okanye kutshatyalaliswe umkreqi.
Amalungelo angenakuhluthwa afanele bonke abantu ngenxa yokuba bengabantu.
Indlela ekucingwa ngayo ngabantu abathile (iqela, ilizwe, umbutho wenkululeko) ngokuphathelele kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho noluntu. Oku kusisiseko samanyathelo ezopolitiko. Imizekelo yilibheralizim, ubusoshiyali, owabasetyhini nobukomanisi.
Umntu osuka aye kwelinye ilizwe afike ahlale khona, angayihloniphi imithetho yokungena kwelinye ilizwe yelo lizwe.
Yintlanganiso ebizwa yinkosi kuxoxwe imicimbi ebalulekileyo yokuhlala yesizwe.
Inkululeko okanye ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwesinyanzelo okanye isohlwayo; ukungabi ngaphantsi komsebenzi okanye imeko enganqwenelekilyo. Omnye wemizekelo owaziwa kakhulu lukhuseleko lobungqondongqondo.
Ityala lokungaziphathi kakuhle elibekwa umntu ose-ofisini yoluntu, umz. umongameli waseMelika.
Inkqubo yokungenela amanye amazwe ngenjongo yokwandisa ulawulo, ugonyamelo ngeenjongo zokwandisa iimfuno zelizwe elo.
Ngumntu okhupha ingcaciso ethengisa ngeqela lakhe elutshabeni, oku kudla ngokuba kwimeko yezokhuselo umz ukungcatsha iqela lomzabalazo.
Intlanganiso yokuxoxa ngomcimbi obalulekileyo.
Urhulumente ongekho phantsi kolawulo lwelinye ilizwe kwaye enobungangamsha.
Inkqubo okanye ithuba lokufumana inkululeko kulawulo lwelinye ilizwe ze elo lizwe lifumane ukwamkelwa kobungangamsha balo.
Ozalelwe w avelela kwelo lizwe okanye ingingqi.
Ukufika kwenani eliphezulu labantu ngkukhawuleza kwindawo ethile, njengabafuni bemisebenzi okanye abatyeleli elizweni. 
Ukuhlala kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni endaweni engalungiselelwanga oko, kwaye engaxhotyiswanga ngezinto eziluncedo nezingundoqo ezinjengamanzi okusela, umbane nenkqubo yokucoca umzi, oku kudla ngokwenzeka kwimimandla emelene nezixeko kwaye oku kuquka izakhiwo ezingakhiwanga ngendlela nokungabikho kocwangco.
Umntu othi, ngenxa yokufuna ukuhlawulwa, ngabom axele emapoliseni okanye kwinkonzo yokhuseleko ulwazi olungabantu okanye olungemisebenzi ayibona njengenonyawo lwemfene.
Icandelo elidala lesixeko, eligcwele kakhulu ngabantu kwaye maxawambi elihlwempuzekileyo.
Iqela leendlela zentsebenziswano nonxibelelwano kuxhaswa injongo ethile, iyonke le nto yenziwe kokucwangcisiweyo.
Uhlobo lwemfazwe yovukelo ezibonakalisa ngobugrogrisi, ubhukuqo nembambano yomkhosi ngaphakathi nakuyo yonke imida yelizwe.
Isenzo okanye isimo esithe pahaha sokuvukelwa koburhulumente okhethwe ngokusemthethweni.
Iqela okanye umntu obonisa umdla okanye inkathalelo enkulu kwimicimbi ethile.
Umbutho wabantu osemthethweni owabelana ngezimo zangaphambili, iindlela abajonge ngayoizinto, iinkolelo nemigomo nokuzama ukuphembelela inkqubo yoluntu ihlangabezane nemigomo yayo.
Uluhlu lwemithetho-siseko nemithetho yopolitiko esisiseko neyexeshana ilizwe elilawulwa ngayo esetyenziswayo kude kubhalwe umgaqo-siseko osisigxina, umz. eMzantsi Afrika ngo-1993.
Ukuvalelwa kwabahlali botshaba, abanye abahlali kwanabahlali belizwe lothile elibonwa njengeliyingozi kukhuseleko lwesizwe, ingakumbi ngexesha lemfazwe.
Imeko yokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kuthabatho-nxaxheba lwemicimbi yehlabathi.
Umkhosi wemfazwe oqulethe amasolotya ombuso ongaphezulu kwelizwe elinye kwaye osebenza ngaphantsi kwegunya elithile lomhlaba, othunyelwa kwindawo ethile ukuze uthintele ukulwa okuphakathi kwemikhosi ejongene ngezikhondo zamehlo kuloo ndawo.
Izifundo eziphathelene nobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe aphethwe ngurhulumente kudlulwe kwimida yelo lizwe, kuquka nezopolitiko zamazwe aphesheya, nomthetho wamazwe ehlabathi nobudlelwane bezoqoqosho kwihlabathi.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe aphethwe ngurhulumente kudlulwe kwimida yelo lizwe, kuquka nezopolitiko zamazwe aphesheya, nomthetho wamazwe ehlabathi nobudlelwane bezoqoqosho kwihlabathi.
Ingxabano phakathi kwamazwe amabini okanye kwamaninzi.
Uvukelo lwamaPalestina evukela amaSirayeli kumhlaba wembambano ingakumbi ukususela kowe-1987.
Iphepha lokuvota elingangqinelaniyo neemfanelo ezisemthethweni kwaye kungoko lingabalwayo.
Ulangazelelo lwamaqela amancinci obuhlanga kwilizwe elithile okubuyisela ummandla owawusakuba ngowelizwe elikhulu.
Iqela labantu elixhobileyo kodwa elingeyonxenye yemikhosi okanye yamapolisa aqhelekileyo naxhobileyo.
Umcimbi onzima ofuna ukusonjululwa.
Udaba olulwelwa ngamaqela amabini nangaphezulu; umcimbi ekuxanjuliswana ngawo.
Imfazwe engcwele yama-Islamu ethathwa njengomsebenzi wenkolo.
Imigaqo nezenze ezijoliswe ekunyuseni amathubaemisebenzi umz. Amathuba emisebenzi yoluntu.
Ukugcinwa kwenxenye yemisebenzi igcinelwa abathile bohlanga oluthile.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwetyala lihlolwa ziijaji, umz.ityala ebeliviwe kwinkundla esezantsi. 2. Umgaqo onika inkundla igunya lokuchitha isigwebosomthetho okanye eselawulo esifunyaniswa ziijaji singahambi ngomgaqo-siseko.
Icandelo likarhulumente elijongene nokusebenza kobulungisa, iinkundla zomthetho nezigqibo zeejaji.
Iijaji noomantyi xa bedityanisiwe beliqela elinye.
Iqela labantu, elidla ngokuba namagosa emfazwe elithi lilawule emva kobhukuqo-mbuso.
Imfazwe efanelekileyo okanye ekuthiwa ifanelekile ngenxa yezizathu zenyaniso yokuziphatha.
Iqela labacebisi eliziveleleyo labasondele kakhulu kwintloko karhulumente elidla ngokuba ngamalungu ekhabhinethi kodwa lisenokuba namanye amalungu angekho kwikhabhinethi.
Inani lilonke labasebenzi abakhoyo.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kukarhulumente, oonyunyoni babasebenzi nabaqeshi.
Ilizwe elilandela nje loo zwilakhe ulilawulayo.
Ithiyori yezoqoqosho exhasa inkululeko epheleleyo kushishino, urhulumente engangeneleli koko iimarike izizo ezilawula ukubonelelwa ngokwemfuno.
Umongameli othathwa njengongasenalizwi njengoko sele liphela ixesha lakhe, phakathi konyulo nokumiselwa kwalowo uoza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe.
Ukungena ngokungemthethweni emhlabeni onomnini wawo, ikakhulu kwiindawo eziziifama ezisenokulinywa.
Impikiswano malunga nobumnini bomhlaba kuquka amabango omhlaba awenziwa ngabantu abasuswa ngumthetho wobuzwilakhe, wobukholoniyali, izoyikiso zokuthatha amanyathelo angekho mthethweni nexhala lemithetho ecetywayo nokubuyiselwa kwabanini bemihlaba abatsha, umz. eBrazil, eMzantsi Afrika naseTaiwan.
Izenzo zokuhlengahlengisa ubumnini bomhlaba.
Ukuphumelela ngeevoti ezisisininzi esingathandabuzekiyo.
Umgaqowokuqesha umhlaba okudla ngokuba kokwexesha elimiselweyo.
1. Iqela lamasoshiyali. 2. Iqela elithetha phandle kwiqela lalo. Eli gama livela kwiinkqubo zepalamente yaseFransi apho abangajikiyo babehlala ngasekunene kowongameleyo, abaphakathi bahlale phakathi ukuze iinjubaqa zihlale ekhohlo kuye.
Ukuhambelana okanye ukuvunyelwa ngumthetho.
Icandelo likarhulumente elimsebenzi walo ikukwenza imithetho enokusebenza eluntwini.
Iziko eligunyaziswe ukuba lenzele imithetho inxalenye yeqela lopolitiko.
Uluvo lukawonke-wonke lokuba inkokeli yezopolitikpo okanye urhulumente unegunye elisemthethweni ngako oko makathotyelwe.
Ukunika amaqela athabatha inxaxheba amathuba namalungelo alinganayo.
Umbono okhuthaza inkululeko, ukunyamezela nokungenelela kukarhulumente okulawulekayo kwezoqoqosho.
Ubunjalo bangaphandle beqela elilwela inkululeko.
Kwiimeko zogonyamelo kwezopolitiko, iqela elaziwa jikelele elilwela inkululeko kurhulumente wengcinezelo.
Inzame ezinkulu zokukhulula abacinezelweyo kwingcinezelo enkulu yezopolitiko.
Imfundiso efundisa ukuba ubuKrestu abuphathelelanga nje kusindiso lomntu kuphela koko, bukwaquka inkululeko kwezopolitiko, kwezoluntu nakwezoqoqosho.
Ukubonakalisa injongo yokuvota ngendlela ethile, kodwa usuke ukhethe enye ngosuku lwevoti.
Umsebenzi onegalelo ngqo kwiziphumo zombutho.
Iqhinga kuthetha-thethwano lwezepolitiki apho izinto ezahlukeneyo zidityaniswayo ukwenzela ukuba ukuvuma kwenye kuxhomekeke ekuvumeni kwezinye.
Imizamo eyenziwa liqela elithile lisenzela ukuba izinto zilihambele ngokweenjongo zalo.
Umbutho oquka abonyuliweyo nabahlawulwayo abalawula urhulumente weendawo ezisekhaya noomasipala.
Icandelo likarhulumente elinoxanduva lokulawula iindawo ezisekhaya ezifana needolophu nezixeko.
Ukusebenzisana kwabezopolitiko bencedana injongo iyinzuzo macala omabini.
Ilungu leqela lezopolitiko elingalawulekiyo kwiqela lalo kwaye lingadala umonakalo omkhulu lingenanjongo yoko kwiqela lalo.
Iqhashu elenzelwa intloko yesizwe ngethuba lesidlo esindilisekileyo.
Isiduko salowo wayesakuba ngumongameli woMzantsi Afrika uNelson Mandela.
Inkqubo yepalamente ekuthi ngayo iqela elisisininzi lilawule yonke into kwaye lingabelani nawo namaqela elisebenzisana nawo.
Ukusenziswa kolawulo ngokwentando yesininzi.
Iqela labantu abonyulelwe ukuphatha umsebenzi okanye iprojekthi ethile.
umyalelo ogunyazisayo osuka kongentla, kananjalo ukugunyaziswa ukuba uthabathe inyathelo egameni labanye umz. Igunya elinikwe ipalamente ngabavoti.
Indawo apho abavoti beqela elikhulu phantse ilingane neyamanye amaqela.
Inxenye yabahlali ababonwa njengabangabalulekanga nabangenaxabiso.
Inkundla enobugcisa bokuxulushana nemibandela ephathelele kwimimandla yaselwandle.
Ukufakwa komthetho womkhosi endaweni yomthetho woluntu xa umthetho woluntu ungasebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Amagunya asemkhosini ke athatyathwa njenganegunya lokugcina ucwangco ngokukhawuleza.
Umbono owaqalwa nguKarl Marx osekelwe kwinkolo yembali yokuphathekayo, ukutshintsha kwengxoxo nokucalulwa koluntu ngokwamanqanaba.
Isimemo sokwakha ngokuncedisana.
Ukwenza uninzi lwabantu luphakame ngenjongo ethile yezopolitiko.
Inkqubo yezopolitiko apho abasetyhini banenxaxheba enkulu.
Ngulowo ungumlamli kwingxabano aze azame ukuncedisa ekufunyanweni kwesisombululo esamkeleka macala omabini.
Isixeko sidibene needolophana zaso sisaziwa njenge-metropolitan esinabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezilishumi.
Indawo enkulu kakhulu ebandakanya izixeko needolophu ezifana neBoston-Washington neRio de Janeiro–Sao Paolo.
Ijoni eliqeqeshiweyo eliziqashisa kwelinye ilizwe langaphandle okanye kumbutho.
Inqanaba eliphakathi kweliphezulu nelisezantsi; ngokombono kaMarx eli nqanaba kuthiwa yi- bourgeoisie.
Inkqubo yokophulela kumaqela amabini akrutha-kruthanayo – indlela yokubaleka ukwahlukana okukhulu.
1. Abasebenzi abadla ngokuba besuka ezilalini befuna umsebenzi ezidolophini ezinkulu. 2. Abasebenzi bexeshana nabangawuqeqeshelwanga umsebenzi abasebenza ngexesha elithile lonyaka.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwamandla neenjongo zomkhosi.
Inyathelo langabom elithatyathwa lilizwe okanye liqela lamazwe angenelele kwingxabano esele ikho kwelinye ilizwe.
Umkhosi wexeshana wabantu abanoqeqeshwana lomkhosi, uxhasa umkhosi wesiqhelo ngexesha likaXakeka.
Abavoti abangawajongi onke amacala phambi kokuvota.
Yintloko yesebe likarhulumente.
Umhlaba woxanduva lomphathiswa ngokulungileyo nangokomthetho kwisigqeba.
1. I-ofisi kamphathiswa. 2. Isebe likarhulumente. 3. eBhilitane: ikhabinethi yenkulumbuso.
Iqela labantu elidityaniswa ziimpawu ezifanayo okanye ziimfuno ezahlukileyo kwezo zesininzi umz. Ngokobuhlanga, ngokwezimvo okanye ngokwenkcubeko.
Amalungelo eqela elahluke ngendlela ecacileyo kwiqela elisisininzi eliyinxalenye yalo, umzekelo ngokobuhlanga okanye ngokwezopolitiko.
Amandla omntu omnye okanye eqela elincinci okujika isigqibo sesininzi sombutho osesikweni.
Isenzo sokuthatha okuthile ngokungekho mthethweni, ikakhulu imali ngenjongo engagunyaziswanga. 
Ukuphathwa komsebenzi othile ngokungafanelekanga.
Ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo okwenziwa ngabantu abaninzi okudla ngokuquka ukonakaliswa kwezinto okungenangqondo.
ilizwe elilawulwa yinkokeli yemveli efana nokumkani, enamagunya esiqu sayo nambalwa omgaqo-siseko.
Ukuyikhupha uyifaka imali kwiibhanka okanye uyidlulise kumajelo angabancedisi ukwenzela ukugquka umkhondo wendawo evela kuyo.
Ixesha lokuthi xha ngento ebinyanzelekile okanye umsebenzi othile de kwenziwe amalungiselelo afanelekileyo okuba kuphinde kuqhutywe.
Isindululo esenziwa ngokusemthethweni entlanganisweni kusithiwa ilungu okanye umbutho othile uwenza umsebenzi wawo ngokufanelekileyo.
Isindululo esenziwa ngokusemthethweni entlanganisweni kusithiwa umbutho othile awukwazi kuwenza umsebenzi wawo ngokufanelekileyo.
Abantu namaqela ahlangeneyo ngenjongo yokuxhasa okanye ukufikelela injongo ethile.
Umpolitiki waseMelika osoloko engakhethi cala kwimiba eyahlula abantu phakathi.
Amafanankosi amaSilamsi alwela inkolo yobuSilamsi, umz. e-Afghanistan nase-Iran.
1. Ubudlelwane bamazwe ehlabathi ukwenzela ukuba amanyathelo, izigqibo nemigaqo zisekelwe kuthatho-nxaxheba lwamazwe ehlabathi, kukhethwa ukuba oku kwenziwe ngoMbutho weZizwe eZimanyeneyo. 2. Ubudlelwano kwezorhwebelwano nakobunye ubudlelwane kumazwe angaphezulu kwesibini kungacalulwa ukuba ushishino luvela phi lusiya phi okanye ngokobukhulu boshishino phakathi kwala mazwe.
Urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe okanye amaqela amathathu nangaphezulu.
Inkqubo elungiselela ukuthathwa kwenxaxheba ngamaqela ezopolitiko amakhulu namancinci.
Inkqubo apho amaqela amaninzi ethatha inxaxheba kulawulo lwelizwe.
Umbutho olawula umasipala.
Uhlobo lolawulo lwasekhaya olujongene nemicimbi yolawulo loomasipala kwaye luphelele ekulawuleni umasipala.
Isixeko, idolophu okanye isithili esinikwe amagunya okuziphatha ngokulandela isikhokelo solawulo saloo ndawo; ikwangumbutho oyilawulayo.
Umphathi oyintloko kamasipala.
Urhulumente ongenelela kakhulu kwimicimbi yabantu bakhe umz. Abonelele abantu ngezentlalontle kodwa anike imigqaliselo ebanzi ngemiqathango emayifikelelwe ukuze umntu alufumane olo ncedo.
Inkqubo emiselweyo kazwelonke ekuthi ngayo abo banelungelo lokuvota bavotele abaza kulawula.
Ukuxhaswa ngurhulumente ngemali kwiprojekthi okanye inkxaso-mali kwiphondo okanye kumasipala.
Yiloo nto ebonwa njengenokunceda ekukhuliseni iindlela zokuziphatha ezibalulekileyo kuzwelonke.
Ukuthabathela kurhulumente kazwelonke umz. Umhlaba okanye amashishini.
Umbono wezopolitiko obona isizwe njengeyona ntsika kwipolitiki noluntu.
Imo yokuba ungowaliphi na ilizwe ngokwemveli, ukuzalwa okanye ngokwamkelwa.
Ukuphawulwa nokuxhaswa kwamanyathelo nemibutho eza kuxhasa uxolo yakhe intembano, nokukhuthazwa kwentsebenziswano kwabo babeziintshaba ngaphambili ngethuba longquzulwano.
Imibandela yezepolitiki kazwelonke neyomhlaba wonke ehambisana nokhuseleko okanye ukwandiswa kwezinto zesizwe eziyimithetho yokuziphatha ezijoliswe kuvukelo olunokuvela. Le migaqo isesona siseko sezopolitiko, sentlalo-yoluntu nesobume belizwe.
Umbono wezepolitiki, owawuqhutywa ngu Hitler ngo-1922 - 1945, owaziwa ngokulawula kukarhulumente ngogonyamelo, abona bantu basisiseko ingamaJamani, kusiliwa namaSemiti de kwacunyuzwa isizwe, ubuhlanga banwena urhulumente wagrogriswa.
Inkqubo yokudityaniswa kwesizwe ebesahlukene kakhulu. Ngale ndlela iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo nabantu abohlukeneyo bayadityaniswa kwingingqi enye ebumbeneyo; ukwakhiwa kwesizwe nokuthobela ilizwe umz njengase-Indiya naseMzantsi Afrika.
Urhulumente wabantu bohlanga olunye; isizwe sabantu abankcubeko inye ifanayo.
Ukugetyengwa ngokutshiswa ngethayari elifakwa entanyeni linepetroli litshiswe. Le yindlela emasikizi eyavela nobundlobongela beyeminyaka ye-1980 eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukufikelela kwisivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela achaphazelekayo kwinguqu yolawulo olulolunye ukuya kolunye, umzekelo inguqu yaseMzantsi Afrika ukuya kurhulumente wedemokhrasi.
Kukuba osesikhundleni athathe icala lalowo usisizalwana sakhe umz ngokumqasha kwisikhundla esingamfanelanga.
Isigqibo kwezopolitiko sokungazibandakanyi nokungathathi cala kumazwe angevaniyo.
Amalungelo nemisebenzi yamazwe awalayo ukuthatha icala ngethuba lemfazwe.
Urhulumente olandela inkqubo yokungathath’ icala.
Umbono neenkqubo zamanyathelo ophuhliso lwelizwekazi iAfrika owasungulwa nguMongameli Mbeki woMzantsi Afrika.
Indawo elawulwa zizaphula-mthetho okanye ngabarhubuluzi nto eyenza ukuba kungahanjwa kuyo ngendlela eqhelekileyo kangangokuba amapolisa okanye amajoni asuka angene ngetshova.
Umgaqosiseko ongalandelwayo.
Ukuphakamisa igama lomntu njengalowo omele ukuba azigqatsele isikhundla esithile.
Isivumelwano esisemthethweni phakathi kwamazwe sokuba angahlaselani okanye axhase izenzo zobundlobongela zamanye amazwe ezijoliswe kumazwe asayine isivumelwano.
Ukungazibandakanyi kwezemfazwe, embonweni nasekusebenzisaneni kwezozakuzelwano lwamazwe ehlabathi alwayo.
Iqela lamazwe alandela umgaqo wokungakhethi cala ngokubhekiselele kumazwe amakhulu. Lo mbutho wavela ngethuba leMfazwe yoKungalwi kwinkomfa yamazwe eAfro-Asia eyayiseBandung, eIndonesia ngowe-1955.
Imo yelizwe elithathi nxaxheba ekulweni.
Umhlali wezwe langaphandle ongafumani malungelo okuba ngumhlali.
Umhlali okanye ilungu lomkhosi eliongalwiyo. Eli lungu ngumfundisi, ugqirha okanye osebenza esibhedlele.
Isimbo seqela labantu sokungazihlawuleli iinkonzo ezinikwa zii-arhente zikarhulumente, nto edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokungathobeli koluntu.
Umntu ongenabo ubuyena, olahlekelwe bubuyena okanye obuxuthiweyo kuye (umz. umJuda ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi II) okanye oxuthwe awona malungelo akhe obuntu asisiseko.
Umthetho wokuba ubuhlanga ayisosiseko sokwenza umahluko phakathi kwabantu.
Ukuphikisa okanye ukuveza izikhalazo ngendlela enoxolo.
Ukuyeka kwelizwe ukuba nakho ukulwa ngezikhali zenyukliya ngokuthi lizicuthe izixhobo zalo zenyukliya.
Amandla afumaneka ekusebenzeni kwenyukliya ngenxa yokucandeka okanye ukudibana.
Ukungabi nazixhobo zenyukliya, izakhiwo okanye iimveliso zayo.
Urhulumente onezixhobo zenyukliye nolwazi lokuzisebenzisa.
Ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya namazwe okanye inani lamazwe anezixhobo zenyukliya.
Ilizwe elinezixhobo zenyukliya nelinakho ukuzisebenzisa; ikwalilizwe elinamandla enyukliya ngeenjongo zezoxolo.
Inkcitho kwizinto ezizibonelelo eziyimfuneko ezifana nezindlu nokutya.
Ezopolitiko ezisetyenziswa ngendlela ejonge ukuphazamisa amanyathelo eqela eliphikisayo endaweni yokuza nesicwangciso esakhayo.
Umkhosi osebenzisa igunya nolawulo lomhlaba welinye ilizwe (othabathela kulo ngezigalo umhlaba welinye ilizwe).
Indawo engenelwe ngamajoni axhobileyo elizwe elingaphandle.
Isikhundla ngokwamandla, ikakhulu kumbutho othile; ikwasisikhundla esinemisebenzi okanye uxanduva olulodwa.
Umntu okwisikhundla kwi-ofisi yoluntu.
1. Igama eliquka bonke abaphetheyo. 2. Indlela yokuziphatha kwabasemagunyeni ngokuthi babambelele nkqi kwimithetho nemigaqo neenkqubo njengoko ziinjalo.
Ulwimi lwasemthethweni oludla ngokungacaci olusetyenziswa emiqulwini yezomthetho.
Ulawulo lwegcuntswana.
Omiselwe ukuba amkele aphande izikhalazo ezenziwa ngabantu ngendlela embi okanye engenantembeko yemibutho yoluntu namagosa.
Ilizwe apho iqela elinye lopolitiko lingoqe yonke imicimbi esesikweni yezopolitiko.
Uluntu olukhululekileyo nolunedemokhrasi, luvumelekile ukuba luzivelise ngokuphandle izimvo zalo lungenaloyiko lwakutshutshiswa okanye lokuchwethelwa phaya. Uluntu olukhululekileyo luyazinyamezela iiyantlukwano phakathi kwabantu umz. Iyantluko ngokwenkolo nangokwezesondo, luvumela ukutshintsha kwamanqanaba oluntu kwaye luyakuchasa ukwahlulahlulwa koluntu ngokwamanqanaba okuba nezinto, ngokobuhlanga nangokwamanqanaba okuphucuka.
Iqela okanye amaqela aphikisa elilawulayo kumisomithetho.
Sisindululo epalamente esiphathelele kwinkqubo yentlanganiso ingenguwo umxholo wengongoma ekuxoxwa ngayo.
Isimemezelo, umyalelo.
Ukukhupha ngetshova esikhundleni okanye endaweni.
Ukususa esikhundleni.
Ukuphikisana nemithetho yenkqubo.
Isininzi esicace gcaa nesingenakuthintelwa.
Ukunika iinkampani okanye abantu bangaphandle ukuba benze umsebenzi.
Ukuvota ugqithise kwinani elifunekayo lokuvota.
Ukubuyisela uxolo okanye ucwangco, oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngetshova.
Inkolelo yokuba imfazwe nobundlobongela azilunganga kwaye akukho sizathu sizithethelelayo. Iimbambano zehlabathi zingalungiswa ngoxolo.
Ubhukuqo lwentloko yelizwe okanye lukarhulumente luqhutywa ngabantu abasondeleyo kuyo. Olu bhukuqo ludla ngokuba nobundlobongela obuncinci.
Isisekelo sobungqondi esiquka imithetho-kuziphatha, ithiyori neengqikelelo ezinxulumeneyo ekuthi ngazo kuqhutywe izinto ezifana nezopolitiko okanye ulawulo loluntu.
Isenzo sokulandela olunye uluvo nombono owahlukileyo kowangaphambili. Oku kwenzeka ekushishineni, kwezopolitiko okanye kwizifundo zezobugqi. Oku kukhokelela ekusekweni kombono-luvo omtsha nasekwamkelweni kwawo.
Iqela lomkhosi elahluke kakhulu kumkhosi wesiqhelo kodwa lifana nawo ngendlela elisekwe ngayo, ngezixhobo, ngoqeqesho okanye injongo.
Umbutho osekwe ngurhulumente ukuzalisekisa iinjongo ezingaphandle kwezesiqhelo zikarhulumente. Lo mbutho udla ngokuba phantsi kolawulo lwesigqeba. Imizekelo ngamajelo asebenzisa ikhompyutha, amagunya amazibuko namaziko ophando-lwazi.
Ilizwe elenziwe ikheswa ngamazwe ehlabathi. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yindlela yokuziphatha kwelo lizwe.
Indibano yabameli bezopolitiko abonyuliweyo benamagunya okuseka imithetho inike neqonga lokuxoxa imicimbi echaphazela abantu.
Ikomiti yamalungu epalamente, eyonyulelwe ukujongana nemicimbi emiselwe ukuba iyijonge inike ingxelo epalamente.
Uhlobo lokulawula apho amalungu karhulumente okanye ekhabhinethi, adla ngokuba ngamalungu epalamente. Ikhabhinethi inoxanduva lwayo yonke into kwaye ifuna ukuthenjwa yipalamente.
Iqela lamalungu epalamente anyulelwe ukujongana nomsebenzi othile ocacisiweyo.
Ilungelo elibanzi epalamente apho amalungu angachatshazelwa ziinkqubo zesiqhelo ezichaphazela uluntu kodwa wona ekhokelwa yimithetho yengxoxo yasepalamente.
Amalungu epalamente amele amaqela ngamaqela ezopolitiko, anyulelwe ukuhlola umsebenzi wesebe elithile okanye anyulelwe ukuphanda into ethile.
Inkqubo apho abahlali belizwe namaqela anomdla athatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuthatha izigqibo.
Uphuhliso ngokufumana izimvo kwabo bachaphazelekayo.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwelizwe okanye urhulumente abe ngamaqela umz iBritish India yaba yiIndiya nePakista ngowe-1947.
Intlanganiso ebanjwa ngamalungu eqela ukwenzela ukuthatha izigqibo ngemicimbi echaphazela iqela, izinto ezifana nokutyunjwa kwamalungu okanye ukubunjwa kwesigqibo malunga nemicimbi ezayo yoseko-mthetho. 
Umntu olandela yonke imithetho yeqela, akukho nto akhe ayibuze.
Iqela lopolitiko elilawulayo kurhulumente.
Inkqubo yolonyulo apho kuvotelwa iqela lezopolitiko endaweni yokuvotela umntu, ukuze iqela lifumane inani lezihlalo ngokweevoti ezingenileyo. Konyulwa inani labameli beqela kuluhlu lweqela olungeniswe phambi kolonyulo.
Indlela amaqela akhuphisana ngayo efuna ukulawula kurhulumente wedemokhrasi.
Ukwala ukuthobela imithetho karhulumente ungasebenzisi ubundlobongela, umz ukwala ukutya, ukuqhankqalaza ngoxolo nokwala ukusebenzisana norhulumente.
Inkqubo yezopolitiko-ntlalo apho amadoda anenxaxheba enkulu.
Into eyenziwa ngabo bakwizikhundla eziphezulu kurhulumente ngokuthi babuyekeze abalandeli abathembekileyo ngokubanika izinto eziphathekayo ezifana nezikhundla zobunozakuzaku, izibonelelo zikarhulumente kwiingingqi banikezele nangeekhontraki kubaxhasi.
Ukoyikiswa okanye ukusetyenziswa komkhosi ukunyanzela amaqela alwayo ukuba athobele izigqibo zamazwe ngamazwe zokuba kugcinwe uxolo ngokwemiqathango eyamkelwe ngokubanzi ngamazwe ehlabathi.
Umkhosi odla ngokuba ngowehlabathi, onoxanduva lokugcina uxolo nokuthintela eminye imilo phakathi kwamazwe okanye abantu abalwayo.
Igama elisetyenziswa kwiMfazwe yoKukholoselana elithetha iinzame zokuhlalisana kunye nangona ningevani ngokuzama ukuphepha imfazwe emiselweyo okanye imfazwe yenyukliya. Libe eli gama lasetyenziselwa ukuthetha iinzame zesiqhelo zokuhlalisana kakuhle.
Umntu wasemkhosini okanye umntu nje obeke iliso noncedisa ekusetyenzisweni kwezivumelwano zoxolo ebekufikelelwe kuzo ngamaqela alwayo.
Ukugcina nokuncedisa ekusebenzeni kwezivumelwano ekufikelelwe kuzo ngamaqela alwayo.
Iqela lamanyathelo anxulumeneyo anjongo yawo ikukuphelisa ukungevani phakathi kwamazwe okanye uluntu olulwayo.
Iingxoxo ezibandakanya amaqela alwayo noluntu lwehlabathi injongo ikukudala uxolo.
Isivumelwano esisemthethweni phakathi kwamazwe namaqela alwayo injongo ikukuphelisa umlo.
Iqela labantu abalinganayo umz. ngobudala, ngamanqanaba emsebenzini, nakuluntu.
Amandla njengokuba ebonwa ngulowo ujongileyo nangokwengqondo yakhe kungengakuba anjalo ngenene.
Iigama labaphaphayo ngedemokhrasi nto leyo eyenza ukuba kuthathwe ngokuba onke amandla asuka ebantwini / kuluntu. Ngamanye amaxesha eli gama likwathetha amandla esininzi njengaxa kusithiwa "amandla abantu awisa oorhulumente bobuKomanisi kuMbindi weYurophu ngowe-1989".
Uluhlu lwabantu abaqhankqalazela ishishini, ifektri naliphi na elinye ishishini.
Iuthethathethwano phakathi kukayunyoni nabameli babalawuli kwindawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo.
Ivoti eyamkeleke kakhulu apho abavoti benokuvelisa uluvo lwabo ngombandela onomdla kakhulu kuluntu. Isiphumo sale voti asimbopheleli urhulumente.
Uluntu olwahlukene kakhulu ngokobuhlanga, ngokwenkolo okanye ngokweelwimi.
Ukuvotela abangaphezulu kwesinye kunyulo.
Izikhokelo ngokubanzi ziqulethe iinjongo ngokubanzi neenkqubo ekunqwenelwa ukuba zilandelwe, injongo ikukukhokela izigqibo namanyathelo angoku nawexesha elizayo.
Kumiswa kweenjongo emazifikelelwe liqela likarhulumente kunye nezikhokelo zeendlela zokuzifikelelisa ezi njongo.
Umntu okanye iqela elinoxanduva lokuseka iinjongo nesikhokelo sokuzifikelelisa ezo njongo zikarhulumente.
Ngokwezopolitikoluluvo lomntu, lweqela lezopolitiko, lwelizwe okanye lwamazwe.
Ukhuseleko olunikwa umntu olufuna ngenxa yezopolitiko nokulandwa kwakhe lilizwe lakhe kunokucelwa lelo lizwe abaleka kulo.
Inguqu kwiimeko, nemibutho yezopolitiko yoluntu.
Elona khondo lomntu okanye leqela kwezopolitiko.
Ukuziphatha okuvumelekileyo okwamkeleke kakhulu.
Izimvo eziphambili, iinkolo nemithetho elawula indlela yokuziphatha kwezopolitiko kuluntu.
Inxalenye yemibono yezepolitiki esele yaphelelwa.
Isifundo sobudlelwane phakathi kweenkqubo zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.
Inkqubo ekuthi ngayo kufakwe imigaqo emitsha nabatsha bafakelelwe kwindlela ethile yezepolitiki.
Umpolitiki, iqela okanye ilizwe elicekiswayo ngenxa yokuziphatha okanye ngenxa yezoluntu.
Amandla okuba nakho ukufaka iimpembelelo ngokukuko kumbandela wezopolitiko.
Ukuhlengahlengisa ezopolitiko okanye umbutho wezopolitiko utsho ulungele iimbono zale mihla.
Indlela intlalo yezopolitiko zoluntu ecwangcwiswe ngayo.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yezopolitiko, umz ngokuvota.
Iqela labantu abanemibono efanayo abahlangeneyo befuna ukongamela kwezopolitiko.
Ukuba nakho ukuyifikelelisa injongo ethile kwezopolitiko ngenxa yokuba nakho ukuvuza okanye wohlwaye.
Umntu obanjelwe nasiphi na isenzo esibonwa njengesobundlobongela ngamazwe angoozwilawo, oku kuquka ukugxeka urhulumente.
Amanyathelo neenkqubo zokufikelela iinjongo zezopolitiko.
Ukuvuselela amatyathanga ezopolitiko ukwenzela ukuqhuba iinjongo zikarhulumente okanye ezeqela; ukulungisa inkqubo yezopolitiko ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihamba kakuhle.
Ukuzinza kwenkqubo yezopolitiko; ukuba nakho kwaloo nkqubo ukumelana nenguqu ngendlela ecwangcisekileyo ingakhokeleli ekuchithakaleni kolawulo.
1. Umntu okanye iqela elinoxanduva lokukhokela iqela, ikomiti okanye urhulumente. 2. Umsebenzi womntu okanye oweqela wokukhokela.
Uhlobo apho iinkolo ezahlukeneyo, imibutho neenkqubo zidityanisiwe zaba yimbumba ukwenzela ukuseka, ukulondoloza nokufakelela imithetho jikelele abaphila phantsi kwayo abantu.
Ukungaqiniseki, ukuntanta phakathi kwezimvo, ukulala-lala.
Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zopolitiko ukunyanzela iimfuno zelizwe kweliphikisana nalo ukwenzela ukufikelelisa iinjongo zikazwelonke.
Imeko abezopolitiko abazifumana bekuyo yokungabonakali ngokwezopolitiko, eyokungaqiniseki neyokubhideka nto leyo edala ukuba kube nzima ukuba negalelo elililo kwinkqubo yezopolitiko.
Izifundo zezopolitiko, iinkqubo zopolitiki neethiyori zopolitiko.
Isenzo esenziwa ngabantu ekugcineni nasekuguquleni imithetho yonke abaphila phantsi kwayo. Le mithetho inganyanzelwa ebantwini.
Nawuphi na umbutho osekwe ngokwezopolitiko ofana nelizwe, iphondo lelizwe, umasipala nenqila yemveli.
Indawo efihlakeleyo yokufaka ivoti.
Indawo apho abantu bavotela khona ngethuba lokuvota.
Ukuzibandakanya koluntu kwinkqubo yokuthatha izigqibo.
Inkqubo apho amandla esebantwini ingabo abonyula abameli abaza kulawula.
Yindibanisela edla ngokuba yeyamaqela achasene norhulumente, awovukelo, awenkululeko enenjongo enye yokuchasa ulawulo logonyamelo nelokuthabathela kulo. Yindlela yokwanda kobuMarxism.
Inani labantu endaweni enye ethile , umz. Ngokwe-km².
Ukwanda okukhulu okungalawulekiyo kwabantu.
Inkolo yokuxhasa iimfuno zabantu abaphantsi abaqhelekileyo.
Uhlobo lwezopolitiko olutsha lokugaya inkxaso, ngemveli oku kusenziwa ngabakaVimba omaqela maninzi eMelika kusenzelwa ukuphucula izibonelelo zikarhulumente umz amazibuko okanye amaziko omkhosi.
EMzantsi Afrika yikomiti ejongene nemicimbi yomphathiswa othile kwiPalamente kaZwelonke, umz. Ikomiti yeMicimbi yeSebe lezaNgaphandle.
Ukuba nakho ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha kwabanye abantu ngenxa yokuba unokuvuza okanye wohlwaye.
Urhulumente onakho ukusebenzisa igunya okanye ulawulo lwabangaqinanga umz. I-Indiya lilizwe elinamandla kubudlelwane bamazwe ehlabathi.
Inkxaso enikwa ngabalandeli abangenakuze bajike nto enika lowo unabo balandeli amandla okulawula.
Abantu abaninzi, amaqela okanye amazwe adibeneyo ngenjongo yokwenza into ethile.
Igcuntswana labantu abakulawulo, abakubutyebi okanye kwiwonga.
Isenzo sokuba ilizwe liqhubele phambili iinjongo zalo ngokusebenzisa okanye ngokugrogrisa ngokusebenzisa amandla omkhosi okanye awezoqoqosho. Oku kudla ngokuba kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.
Amagunya anikwe umntu ngenxa yesikhundla akuso, ukwenzela ukuba alawule athathe nezigqibo zokugqibela.
Indlela yokulawula apho amaqela amabini nangaphezulu avumelanayo ukuba aza kuthatha inxaxheba kunye ekuthatheni izigqibo, ekwabelaneni ngeenzuzo nezibonelelo.
abo balawula ngokwegunya elimiselweyo.
Ungquzulwano olubi phakathi kwamaqela aphikisana ngolawulo lwezibonelelo.
Inkulumbuso karhulumente kulawulo ngepalamente. Isithethantonye – Umphathiswa wokuqala, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lolawulo.
Iqela eliinjongo zalo ikukuhambisela phambili imidla yalo ngokubeka urhulumente phantsi koxinzelelo olumandla.
Iinzame zokuthintela okanye zokucutha ubundlobongela ngokuthabatha inyathelo elibubulumko kwaphambi kwentlekele eqikelelwayo.
Umntu owayengenakho ukuvota ngaphambili okanye owayengenakuvota nakwiipalamente ezazintathu eMzantsi Afrika, obenakho kuphela ngowe-1994.
(ukongamela komgaqo-siseko).Imfundiso yokuba umgaq-siseko nguwona mthetho wongameleyo elizweni.
Unyulo lokutyumba amalungu aa kumela iqela elithile kunyulo oluzayo; oku kuqheleke eMelika.
Ilungu lomkhosi elibanjwe lutshaba ngokomyalelo karhulumente ngethuba kusiliwa.
Umthetho osayilwayo ochaphazela izinto ezingekho banzi ezifana neenkampani, iiyunivesithi nabantu ngokweziqu. Uyahluka kumthetho woluntu ochaphazela ngokubanzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo kumthetho osayilwayo wabucala lo ngophakanyiswa lilungu elisisiqu epalamente okanye kwenye indlu. Eli lungu lenza esi siphakamiso lizimele lona njengomntu wabucala.
Ukubhalisa okanye ukuthengisa impahla yoluntu ukwenzela ukuba ubumnini bayo bube bobangasese.
Umntu ovela kwelinye ilizwe ongavumelekanga ukuba angene kwelinye ilizwe.
Ukwazisa elubala, ukwazisa imihlaba yomthetho.
Naluphi na uhlobo lonxibelelwano olulungiswe ngendlela yokuba ze luguqule izimvo, uvakalelo, indlela yokubona okanye eyokuziphatha nakulo naliphi na iqela ukwenzela ukuba azuze ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungekho ngqo umsasazi walo.
Ukumelwa kwamaqela kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ngokwendlela ezabiwa ngayo izihlalo ngokuhambelana kokwabiwa kweevoti ezifunyenwe liqela xa kuthelekiswa nenani leevoti zizonke kolo lonyulo.
Uhlobo lokumelwa kwezopolitiko apho iivoti ezifunyenweyo kuvoto zibalwa ngokwezihlalo ezabelwe iqela epalamente.
Ukuphatha okuphathelele kurhulumente wephondo.
Igosa elingumlawuli oyintloko kurhulumente kwingingqi yelizwe.
Imfazwe apho imikhosi yelona lizwe lilwayo ingazibandakanyi ngqo ekulweni koko isebenzisa imikhosi yamanye amazwe.
Ukusetyenziswa kwengcaciso engeyonyani nezinye iindlela zesayikholoji ngenjongo yokuguqula amaqela angahambisani norhulumente ekuxhaseni iinjongo zikazwelonke namanyathelo okhuseleko.
Ukulawulwa, ukuququzelelwa nokusebenza kwemicimbi karhulumente.
Iinkqubo zokuphathwa kweemali zelizwe, kuquka nengeniso, inkcitho nolawulo lwayo.
Iqonga apho kuxoxwa ngomcimbi ophandwayo. Uluntu lungathatha inxaxheba.
Umbutho okanye iziko elisekelwe injongo ethile nelilawulwa ngurhulumente.
Intlanganiso esebenza njengeqonga lengxoxo nalapho uluntu lunokuthatha inxaxheba.
Imibono yabantu malunga nemibuzo nemicimbi echaphazela uluntu.
Umbutho oqasha abantu abaza kusebenzisa imigaqo karhulumente.
Isibonelelo senkonzo ephambili esidla ngokuba phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, umz amanzi, umbane, ezothutho.
Urhulumente olawulwa ngurhulumente onamandla ongaphandle.
Xa kubalwa ngokweentlanga, umgangatho weemeko zokuphila zoluntu xa kujongwa iimeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho.
Ubuchule bokuthethana ekhusini ngeenjongo zokuguqula imigaqo yelizwe elingaphandle.
Ukuhlelwa ngokusesikweni kuqinisekiswe ukuba umntu ngowaluphi na uhlanga.
Ukungaphathwa kakuhle komntu okanye iqela ngenxa yobuhlanga.
Inkqubo apho amalungu amaqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo ekwimeko elinganayo kwaye ephethwe ngokulinganayo nangokufanayo.
Kungekho siseko ufake ubuhlanga njengengcaciso kumbandela othile.
Inkolo okanye imfundiso yokuba izimvo zezopolitiko okanye zezoluntu zingasekwa kwinkolo yokuba iintlanga ziyahlukana ngenxa yemfuzo nokuba ezinye iintlanga zingaphezulu kwezinye.
Ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwabantu ngumthetho ngokobuhlanga.
Umntu onezimvo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ekuchaseni okanye ekuxhaseni inguqu kuluntu.
Umbutho okhusela iimfuno zabantu abahlawula iirhafu zendawo abakuyo.
Ipolitiki esekelwe kwizinto eziyinyaniso neziziimfuno eziphathekayo ingasiyiyo leyo isekelwe kwizinto eziyimibono.
Izidubedube zovukelo lukarhulumente osele ekho injongo ikukufaka abalawuli abatsha ingekokutshintsha uhlobo lwezopolitiko.
Ukuhla kumbono wangaphambili, ikakhulu xa uyivuma impazamo yakho phambi komntu wonke.
1. Ukuvunywa ngokusemthethweni kobungangamsha belinye ilizwe lelinye okanye livunywe liziko lehlabathi. 2. Ukuvunywa ngokusemthethweni kobungangamsha belinye ilizwe lelinye okanye livunywe liziko lehlabathi njengorhulumente osemthethweni welo lizwe, nto edla ngokwenzeka xa urhulumente obelawulwa ebhukuqwe liqela abekisana nalo.
Uxwebhu olucacisa isivumelwano kumbandela othile.
Ukubala iivoti kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zezichanekileyo.
Ukwabiwa ngokutsha kobutyebi, impahla, izinto ezithandwa ngabantu okanye ukulawula kwabantu ababengafikeleli kulawulo. Ukwabiwa ngokutsha kwenzeka kusakutshintsha amandla olawulo eluntwini.
Uhlobo lokuvota oluqhelekileyo apho abavoti bangaveza uluvo oluthile olubalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. Isiphumo solo voto sithatyathwa njengesigqibo sikarhulumente.
Uhlobo lukarhulumente; urhulumente osezintanjeni.
Inkokeli yesigqeba seqela elikhokelayo kwingingqi ethile yelizwe.
Imeko evele ngokumiselwa kwemiqathango yokuqinisekisa olona sebenziso lwezokhuseleko nezibonelelo zazo zamazwe kwingingqi ngenjongo yokhuseleko oludibeneyo.
Xa kusonyulwa phakathi kwamalungu angaphezulu kwesibini ophumelelayo ngulowo ubeneevoti ezininzi.
Ilizwe elilawulwa ngokwemithetho-siseko yenkolo ethile.
Ukugxothwa kwegosa kwisikhundla, umz ngokunyanzelwa ukuba lilahle.
Intlawulo eyenziwa lilizwe ebelingumhlaseli ukwenzela ukulungisa umonakalo eliwenzileyo.
Ukumela abanye, umz iqela labantu abaninzi; ukuveza iimfuno zeqela labantu abamelweyo.
Ukukhetha, okudla ngokwenziwa ngevoti, kubantu abaninzi abonyulwe bemele iintlanga ngeentlanga kwelo lizwe beza kulawula egameni labantu.
Ukuphindezela, ikakhulu kutshaba ngexesha longquzulwano. Oku kwenziwa mhlawumbi ngokubulawa kwamajoni okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwezakhiwo neempahla.
Iimpindezelo ezenziwa ngamaqela ayimbumba.
Ilizwe elingalawulwa yintloko enye eyikumkani. Lidla ngokuba leledemokhrasi okanye lilawulwe ngabameli, nentloko yalo eyaziwa njengo Mongameli.
Ukufuna ukusebenzisa okanye ukunikwa impahla okanye umhlaba ukuba usetyenziswe ingakumbi ngumkhosi okanye luluntu.
Isibonelelo kumgaqo-siseko apho amagunya awodwa anokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezizodwa umz ukumiselwa kwenkulumbuso nokugxothwa kwayo kunokwenziwa ngukumkani.
Ukususa abantu ngebhaxa ubase kwenye indawo yokuhlala.
Indawo esedolophini eyenzelwe nesetyenziselwa ukuhlalisa abantu.
Amalungelo umnini okanye umhlali wendawo anawo kwindawo yokuhlala.
Udla ngokuba liqela loluntu elingabarhubuluzi liphikisana norhulumente olawulayo okanye ongeneleleyo.
Ukubuyiselwa kokusetyenziswa, ubumnini namalungelo omhlaba kwabo benze isicelo sokubanga.
Ukuphindisa ukuzibuyisela xa ubuhlaselwe okanye xa wenzakalisiweyo.
Intlawulo enikwa abasebenzi ngabaqeshi xa izithuba zabo basebenzi ziye azabiyomfuneko, ngako oko ukucutha iindleko banikwe intlawulo yokudendwa.
Isohlwayo osinikwa ngenxa yokwenzakalisa okanye ngenxa yokona.
Isenzo sokulungisa ngokuphindezela ezo zinto zibonwa njengobubi okanye ukwenzakalisa okanye iziphumo zoko.
Imali engena kurhulumente.
Ukukhuthaza ukujonga ngokutsha iithiyori, iinkolo, izenzo okanye iziganeko zembali, umz. iMaksizim.
Uvukelo oluphandle olucwangcisiweyo oludla ngokuba lolwezixhobo kusiliwa norhulumente osemthethweni.
Inguquko karhulumente eze ngokukhawuleza, itshintsha zonke ezopolitiko, ezoluntu nezoqoqosho. Idla ngokuza ngovukelo oluquka intshukumo yesininzi.
Iqela labantu abaneenjongo zokwenza inguqu esisiseko nebonakalayo kulawulo olugqubayo. Oku kudla ngokuhamba nobundlobongela.
Imfazwe ethatha ixesha elide ephakathi kukarhulumente olawulayo nombutho wovukelo ongowelo lizwe besilwela ukulawula.
Ukuguqulwa komthetho owawumisele injongo yokuba umhlaba othile usetyenziselwe ntoni na.
Ilungelo eliyimfanelo ngokwenene okanye umntu alinikwe ngokomthetho ukuba enze okanye aphathwe ngendlela ethile, umz Ilungelo lokuvota.
Ukulungiswa kobungakanani bombutho wabucala okanye obeziko likawonke-wonke ukulungiselela ukuba lizinze ngokwezemali.
Imisebenzi esemthethweni, amalungelo neemfanelo zelizwe.
Amalungelo omntu ngokusemthethweni.
Umgaqo-siseko welizwe ekunzima ukuwufakelela kuba kufuneka iinkqubo ezizodwa ezifana nesininzi kwindlu yowisomithetho nenokuquka uvavanyo-zimvo.
Ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwezidube-dube zifikelele kwinqanaba lokungalawuleki.
Umthathi-nxaxheba kwizidube-dube zabantu abaninzi.
Ndibano kawonke-wonke engenalucwangco nedelelayo edla ngokuba nobundlobongela nokuphazamisa.
Iphulo lezopolitiko lokuhambela iindawo ngeendawo ngeenjongo zokugaya iivoti.
Urhulumente ongahambisani nemiqathango yesiqhelo yehlabathi yokuziphatha.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla negunya likarhulumente.
Ixesha intloko yelizwe okanye urhulumente alawule ngalo.
Ukusebenzisa ulawulo, ukuphatha ngolawulo olunempembelelo enamandla.
Ukusebenzisa amandla okuphatha obungangamsha bukarhulumente.
Inkolelo yokuba akukho bani ungaphezulu komthetho ngaloo ndlela umthetho unika isikhokelo sokuziphatha esichaphazela nabo bangabalawuli abaphezulu.
Ngokombono weMaksizim liqela labantu elongamele uluntu ngenxa yokuba linobutyebi obunemveliso.
Iqela lezopolitiko elilawula ilizwe.
Indawo esele emva kokumka okanye kokususwa kwendawo enkulu okanye kweendawo zelizwe. Isigumpu sinokungabi namandla kunelizwe lesiseko.
Isenzo / izenzo zokonakalisa ngabom ngenjongo yokonakalisa iimfuno zelizwe okanye zelinye iziko ngokonakalisa izibonelelo okanye uphazamise iinkonzo nezibonelelo.
Ummiselo okhuselayo, umz. kwisivumelwano soxolo.
Isikhuselo okanye isilumkiso.
Amanyathelo athatyathwa ngakwilizwe eliziphethe kakubi ukwenzela ukulinyanzela ukuba liguquke ekuziphatheni kakubi.
Imeko enikwa njengeyimfuneko okanye ukuqikelelwa kweziganeko ezizayo.
Ukubonakalisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusixhasa kwakho isindululo esenziwe ngomnye umntu entlanganisweni ukwenzela ukuba kuxoxwe kufikelelwe kwisigqibo.
Ummi okwinqanaba eliphantsi kuluntu, ngako oko akawafumani ngokupheleleyo amalungelo okuba ngummi.
Ilizwe laseRashiya langaphambili noorhulumente ababelingqongile.
Uvoto apho ingulowo umntu esazi yedwa ukuba uvotele bani na kodwa iziphumo zevoti xa zizonke zisaziswa.
Amapolisa asebenza emfihlakalweni, adla ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezingekho mthethweni, ukuthintela ubhukuqo nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwelizwe.
1. Isebe likarhulumente eliqokelela ulwazi ngobuntlola. 2. EMelika imisebenzi elihlebo lisebe kwiSebe likaNondyebo. Umsebenzi walo kukukhusela uMongameli namanye amalungu aphezulu oluntu kwanokuthintela ubuqhophololo kwezemali.
Ilizwe elingalawulwa ngokulandela inkolo ethile.
Iinkqubo, impahla nezicwangciso zikaXakeka ezijongene nokuthintela okanye ukunqanda uhlaselo.
Imikhosi yomkhosi welizwe, okuqhelekileyo kumxholo wokhuseleko lwangaphakathi. 
Icandelo lamapolisa elijongene nokhuseleko lwangaphakathi lwelizwe.
Umgaqo apho iintlanga zahlukaniswayo okanye zigcinwe zahlukene kwiindawo ezininzi apho uluntu luxubanayo iindawo ezifana nezikolo, iminyango yokungena kwizakhiwo zoluntu, izithuthi zoluntu ezahlukeneyo neendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo.
Ikomiti yepalamente okanye ikomiti eyodwa eyonyulelwe injongo eyodwa.
Inqobo enika uhlanga, amaqela olwimi, awoluntu, awesizwe okanye awenkolo ilungelo lokuzilawula lingaphazanyiswa.
Urhulumente ophantsi kwabantu bedolophu, iphondo okanye ilizwe endaweni yegunya elingaphandle.
Umntu ongumngcatshi ngenjongo yenzuzo kuye.
Umgaqo weNational Party eMzantsi Afrika phakathi kowe-1948 nowe-1994 ngethuba iintlanga zazohlula-hluliwe kuwo onke amanqanaba okuphila. Jonga igama "ucalu-calulo."
Umgomo okanye umgaqo wokuba amagunya okuseka imithetho, awokulawula naweenkundla ahlukaniswe ngokusekwa kwamagunya amathathu ahlukeneyo.
Ikomiti esecaleni eyenziwe ngamalungu aphambili eqela eliphikisayo injongo yayo kukuba ibeke elisweni le isemthethweni ikhabhinethi yelizwe.
Amatyotyombe amaninzi akhiwe ngamazinki amadala nezinye izinto ezindala ekuhlala kuwo abantu abahlelelekileyo. Adla ngokufumaneka ngaphandle kwedolophu.
Igama elinyemba usekela-mphathiswa kwisigqeba esilawulayo.
Le yindawo ezilokishini apho abantu bonwaba khona besela utywala; ngamanye amaxesha yindawo yokusela utywala ngokungekho mthethweni.
Inkqubo apho umntu omnye emela inqila okanye isithili sovoto.
Ilizwe elilawulwa liqela elinye lezopolitiko lilodwa, lijongane nayo yonke into yezopolitiko.
Ubuqhophololo, unyawo olugwenxa kwinkqubo yezopolitiko.
Ubungqina obungathandabuzekiyo bokona.
Isivumelwano esaphulelayo phakathi kwabathatha inxaxheba kuluntu.
1. Kwinzululwazi yezepolitiki kukho ingqikelelo yokuba abantu benza isivumelwano sokuba bahlalisane ngocwangco ukwenzela ukubaleka intlalo yokungabikho kocwangco ababeyihleli ngenxa yokungabikho kwelizwe. Imizekelo eyiyeyona yileyo kaHobbes, okaLocke nokaRousseau. 2. Kwezopolitiko, sisivumelwano esisisikweko phakathi kukarhulumente okanye iqela lopolitiko nabaxhasi balo. Esi sivumelwano sidla ngokuquka izithembiso ezenziwa ziinkokeli zopolitiko zokuphucula ubomi babaxhasi ngamanyathelo karhulumente ukuba baluphumelele ulonyulo oluzayo.
Uhlobo lukarhulumente ongazibaxiyo izinto okhetha imvano phakathi kwezeemali nelizwe eyichasile idemokhrasi enguvula-zibhuqe nesoshalizim egxininisa kwinguqu.
Inkqubo apho ilizwe lithi lisebenzise amandla alo acinezelayo nachasene nemithetho-siseko yenkululeko ngenjongo yokunyanzelisa izenzo zabantu ukuze kuzuzeke okuthile okukholelwa kuko. Imizekelo lucalu-calulo, izikolo ezahlukeneyo kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo, ulwakhiwo lwesizwe olunyanzeliswayo okanye ingcinga yobukomanisi kwezemali.
Umbono wezopolitiko oqhubela phambili ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo, ukukholelwa ekulinganeni kwabantu, ubumnini bempahla obuquka ukungenelela nzulu kukarhulumente kwezoqoqosho.
Ukubonelelwa koluntu ngemirhumo ngabaqeshi nabasebenzi, ngeenkonzo zonyango, ngezibonelelo zokungaphangeli neenkam-nkam ezidla ngokubonelelwa ngurhulumente.
Uncedo nenkxaso, ikakhulu ngemali olusuka kurhulumente kubantu abasweleyo.
Intetho-ebubuxoki esekelwe kwimiba engamanqaku ayinyaniso.
Ohlaselwa enganekazikhusela kuhlaselo.
Amandla karhulumente apheleleyo kulawulo lwakhe lwezomthetho okubonakaliswa elizweni. Kukwasingisele kumagunya angathandatyuzwayo anjengawekumkani kubantu bayo.
Igosa elongameleyo kwipalamente.
Imisebenzi eqhutywa yimikhosi eyodwa eqeqeshelwe umkhosi, ezopolitiko okanye ezesayikholoji.
Ukuvota ngokwenza amalungiselelo awodwa xa ukuvota ngokwesiqhelo kungenakwenzeka, umz. Ukuvumela abemi abaphesheya ngexesha lokuvota ukuba bavote kwiziko likanozakuzaku welizwe.
Yiloo ndawo yehlabathi apho ilizwe linokuba neempembelelo liziguqule izinto zihambe ngokweminqweno yalo.
Yiloo ndawo yehlabathi apho iziganeko zichaphazela ukhuseleko okanye intlalontle yelizwe.
Isithethi esiqashelwe ukunika abantu abangaphandle ingcaciso yeziganeko zopolitiko ezimhambela kakuhle umqeshi, iqela okanye urhulumente.
Iphepha lokuvota elizaliswe ngokungafanelekanga, litsho ke ngoku lingabi nakubalwa njengevoti.
Umntu ohlala endaweni ngokungekho mthethweni akhe ityotyombe okanye indawana yokuhlala yexeshana.
isakhiwo esenziwe ngezinto ezilahliweyo ezinjengamazinki amadala.
Ikomiti esisigxina ngeli thuba lombutho oyimiseleyo. Ifumaneka epalamente.
umbutho osisigxina wezopolitiko oquka umntu ongumlawuli, uluntu, indawo, urhulumente nobungangamsha obaziwa kwihlabathi lonke.
Ubuchule bokulawula imicimbi karhulumente.
Izenzo ezenziwa ngurhulumente ngenjongo yokufakelela iimpembelelo zakhe kumcimbi othile.
Ukungabi nalizwe.
Ingxelo eyenziwa minyaka le yintloko yelizwe icacisa ngezinto ezenzekileyo kunyaka odlulileyo inike izicwangciso zikarhulumente zonyaka olandelayo.
Umthetho omiselwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho waza wabhalwa phantsi ngokusesikweni.
Uhlobo lokuzabalaza olusetyenziswa ngabasebenzi ukuveza ukunganeliseki kwabo ngumcimbi oluthile, odla ngokuba umayela neemeko zomsebenzi okanye imivuzo. Abayi emsebenzini de imbambano isonjululwe.
Ibhaloni eyakhiwe ngendlela eyenza ukuba ingabanjwa ngee-radar nazezinye izixhobo zokubhabhisa inqwelo-moya.
Ikomiti eyonyulelwe ukuthatha izigqibo ngendlela umcimbi nezinye izinto ngokubanzi emazenziwe ngayo.
Iqela lokugcina imali elifumaneka eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukumiswa kwemisebenzi yesiqhelo ukubonakalisa uqhankqalazo.
Ibango elenziwa ngumbutho wabasebenzi befuna ukubhoka.
Intlawulo efunyanwa ngabasebenzi beyinikwa ngumbutho wabo ngexesha lokubhoka.
Ithiyori yokuba ezopolitiko zingaqondwa zihlalutywe ngokwesikhokelo esidibanisa imibutho yezopolitiko nemisebenzi yayo.
Umbutho wabantu ngokwemo yolawulo. Umbutho yiyo yonke into enesicwangciso.
EMzantsi Afrika eli gama libhekisa kwiminyaka-1960-1990 apho imibutho yenkululeko yesizwe yabantu abantsundu yathatha inxaxheba kumzabalazo wenguqu isilwa norhulumente weQela lamaNashinali.
Umntu omele athobele inkosi okanye ilizwe elizimeleyo.
Umgangatho wokuphila ongenako nokuxhasa ukuphila.
Eyona ndlela isisiseko neemeko eziyimfuneko ukuze uphile.
1. Izenzo ezinjongo yazo ikukujongela phantsi amandla ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, awomkhosi nawesayikholoji yesizwe. 2. Izenzo ezinjongo yazo zikukujongela phantsi ukuthembeka, ukuzimisela ukusebenza okanye ukuziphatha kwamagosa karhulumente.
Ilungelo lokuvota.
Ukusetyenziswa kweentlanganiso phakathi kweentloko zamazwe aphambili ukwenzela ukuxoxa ngobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe abo ngenjongo yokuphelisa ungquzulwano nokukholoselana kwamazwe ehlabathi.
Inkomfa edibanisa iintloko zikarhulumente okanye abaphathiswa abaphambili.
Isiqendu kwisivumelwano esichaza ixesha lokuphela kwesivumelwano umz. Isiqendu esichaza ixesha likarhulumente wonyanzeliso wobumbano lwesizwe.
Ilizwe elinamandla nelineempembelelo, lidla ngokuba nezixhobo zenyukliya, liyagqugqisa kwimicimbi yehlabathi, umz. iMelika.
Umgomo wokuba umthetho unelona gunya likhulu kurhulumente.
Ukulinqumamisa ilungu ixeshana kwisikhundla salo okanye kwisikhundla salo selungelo njengesohlwayo.
Inkqubo yedemokhrasi ekwaziyo ukuzigcina iqhuba.
Ukonganyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ngokuphathelele kubukhulu beli longameleyo. Eli longanyelweyo lidla ngokuba nomaziphathe walo. Oku kuye kwacutheka kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Umzekelo woku bubudlelwane phakathi kweBhilitane nelaseSwazini kwiminyaka 1890 – 1966.
Izimvo ezizijonga ezopolitiko njentsebenziswano phakathi kwendawo uluntu olukuyo ekuthi kwenziwe amabango nenkxaso nodederhu lwezimvo ezingaphathekiyo eziguqula iimbono zibe zizigqibo ezingamagunya okanye zibe ziziqhamo.
Kuxa umvoti engavoti ngokunyanisekileyo koko evotela nje ukuba kufumaneke iziphumo ezifunwayo.
Utheth-athethwano ngemigaqo nemimiselo phambi kokuba iingxoxo ziqalise.
1. Ubude bexesha lesikhundla esithile. 2. Ixesha elithathwe ngumntu kwisikhundla esithile.
Umgomo ngokomthetho wamazwe ehlabathi wokuba kungaxhaswa imibutho yovukele okanye kuxhaswe inguqu kwimida yamanye amazwe.
Umntu osebenzisa ngokungakhethi izinto ezifana neziqhushumbisi, imipu namahlakani akhe injongo ikukoyikisa, ukothusa nokuthoba umoya ebantwini kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu. Iinjongo zomgrogrisi ingakukubhukuqa ilizwe ngobundlobongela, ukugcina ulawulo okanye ukuseka ilizwe elitsha elisukileyo kwelo.
Ilizwe elisebenzisa uloyikiso, ubundlobongela nobugrogrisi ukufikelela iinjongo zalo zezopolitiko.
Umbutho wemfazwe ongagqibanga osekwe ngokusemthethweni, umz. iCarabinieri eItaly neRijkswacht eBelgium.
EMzantsi Afrika ngabo babetyholwa ngokuthathela umthetho ezandleni zabo babulale abantu ingakumbi ngexesha lenguqu kwezopolitiko ngeminyaka ye-1990.
Igama eliquka amazwe asakhulayo ase-Afrika, Eyishiya ne-Latin Amerika.
Uphawu lwengozi ezayo okanye olokwenzakala.
Ukwazisa ngenjongo yokudala usizi okanye ukwenzakalisa.
Imizamo yokufikelela iinjongo zezopolitiko ngokudala ingozo, intlungu okanye usizi njengoko bekoyikisiwe.
Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokunyanzela zidityaniswe nobuchule bokuthetha ukwenzela ukuba elinye ilizwe livumele iminqweno yelo linyanzelayo.
Ukubekwa komntu kwisikhundla angasilungelanga.
Inkqubo yokwenza umfuziselo wale nto imele kuba yiyo.
Ulawulo olungqwabalala olungathi yidemokhrasi, luxhomekeke kwinkokheli ebanga ubulumko bolwazi yendlela yokucinga, umz. kwiJamani yamaNazi.
Uhlobo lukarhulumente owongamele yonke into namaziko oluntu, aphelise imibutho yoluntu, ongamele nemibutho yenkolo, imibutho yabasebenzi namashishini abucala.
Uhlobo lokumatsha, ukuxhentsa nokucula okwenziwa ngamaqela abaqhankqalazi eMzantsi Afrika.
Umbutho wabasebenzi ongena kuwo ngokuzithandela osekelwe ukuqhubela phambili imidla yamalungu awo ngokuthi bedibene beyimbumba bathethathethane nabaqeshi babo okanye nemibutho yabaqeshi.
Uhlobo lwezolawulo oluvele ngomthetho nelungelo lokulawula ngokwesithethe.
Inkokheli yabantu bemveli enamagunya alilifa okanye ewafumene ngezinye iindlela; umzekelo ziinkokheli zezizwe eMzantsi Afrika.
Inguqu ebalulekileyo yeziseko, iinkqubo nobudlelwane bezamagunya kuluntu okanye kumbutho woluntu.
Umntu ohlala kwindawo ethile okwexeshana ixesha elifutshane.
Umbutho olawula okwexeshana ngelixa ulawulo olutsha kusathethwana ngalo kwaye lusasekw,a umz. ilizwe elalinguMzantsi Ntshona Afrika ngowe-1988/89.
Ibhunga lexeshana elisekelwe ukujonga imicimbi yezasekhaya nokuqinisekisa ukungaphazamiseki kokuqhuba kweenkonzo ngeli xesha umasipala omtsha esasekwa.
Uhlobo lolawulo oluzichaza njengolungenankohliso.
Umbutho olawula isizwe ngokwamagunya owafumene ngolawulo lwemveli lukarhulumente wezizwe.
1. Indlela isizwe esakheke ngayo nenkcubeko yaso. 2. Ukuziva ungowesizwe esithile kwaye uzinikele kuso.
Ukuthembeka okugqithileyo kuhlanga oluthile, okudla ngokucaca ngokucalula kwaye kukhuthazwe nalungquzulwano nezinye iintlanga enikholoseleneyo nazo.
ngokwethiyori yophuhliso, inkokeli ephezulu okanye enyeh ibe yiyo yodwa kuphela eyibambe ngezandla zayo idemokhrasi yelizwe elisakhasayo nelisaguqukela kwidemokhrasi.
Inzululwazi yase-Afrika ephathelele kuko konke okomntu.
Inkululeko kaZwelonke e-Afrika.
Ilizwe elingenankqubela phambili xa kujongwa ezemfundo, ezolawulo, ezoqoqosho, ulwazi lwezetekhinoloji namanqanaba okuphila koluntu.
Uluntu olungenazo izinto ezisisiseko ezinxulunyaniswa nomgangatho owamkelekileyo wokuphila.
Izenzo neenkqubo ezichazwe njengezinganabulungisa ngokomthetho, zinocalu-calulo kubasebenzi okanye kwabo kukhutshiswana nabo.
Ukungalawuleki okanye ukungaphatheki.
Indlu yowisomthetho enegumbi elinye apho amalungu adibanela khona ukuqingqa imithetho.
Isixeko esikhulu eMzantsi Afrika siquka needolophana zaso neendawo zamatyotyombe.
Inyathelo leqela elinye, isigqibo esicalanye umz. Isigqibo sikaMongameli uBush sokuba imelika iza kuthatha inyathelo iyodwa nokuba uMbutho weZizwe eZimanyeneyo uyayala indlela yamaqela amaninzi yokujongana nale ngxaki.
Ubulumko bokuzimela ungaxhomekeki xa uphethe imicimbi. Oku kusisichasi sesenzo sokuba amaqela asebenzisanayo ancedisane ayihlanganyele ingxaki.
Uhlobo lokulawula kwegunya elinye ekujongwe kulo.
Ilizwe elibumbeneyo ngaphakathi apho amandla okulawula ekurhulumente kazwelonke kwaye amaqela angamalungu karhulumente engakhuselwanga ngumgaqo-siseko.
Ilungelo lokuvota lawo wonke umntu obudala bungaphezulu kweminyaka ethile, kungajongwa sini okanye buhlanga; izaphula-mthetho nabaphazamisekileyo engqondweni badla ngokungavunyelwa bavote.
Imfazwe ebonwa ingamele kubakho ngokwenene.
Umntu owalelwe ukuphila njengomntu.
Umgaqo-siseko osekelwe kumaxwebhu ngamaxwebhu nemithetho, izithethe nezinto ezakhe zenzeka ngaphambili endaweni yokuba ibe kumqulu omnye omiselweyo, umz eBhilitane.
Ukuhla komgangatho wesixeko okanye wedolophu ingakumbi ngenxa yokuphela kwamashishini nabahlali abafumileyo.
Ipolitiki yasezidolophini.
Ukukhula ngokungalindelekanga kwedolophu, okuza nokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezintsha ekupheleni kwedolophu.
Ukwanda ngokobukhulu nangokusasazeka kwedolophu okanye isixeko.
Iqela elithathe nelibambe ulawulo ngendlela engeyiyo; lidla ngokungena lilawule ngetshova.
Ilizwe eliliphupha elinabantu abangenaziphene (iparadesi).
Isenzo sokushiya isikhundla esisemthethweni.
Uludwe olusemthethweni lwemihlaba nezindlu kukho namaxabiso azo olufumaneka kumasipala, enye yeenjongo kukwenzela ukubala irharhu.
Iqela elikwindawo ephambili kuwo nawuphi na umbutho. Kwiimbono zobukomanisi iqela lamakomanisi lithatyathwa njengelikhokelayo njengoko ngokwenkolo kaLenin kufuneka ililo elikhokela abasebenzi kwindlela yenguqu yoluntu eyinjongo yobukomanisi.
Obambelele kakhulu kwezopolitiko zakudala zaseMzantsi Afrika.
Ukuvumela amalungelo abantu kwezepolitiki; livele eMzantsi Afrika.
Igunya lokukhaba isigqibo okanye inyathelo kumbutho wokuthatha izigqibo ngokwala ukuvumelana nesigqibo.
Ukwaphulwa ngabom kwamalungelo abantu asisiseko.
Enye yalo mithetho-siseko ekulapho ubukho belizwe ngokwezopolitiko, ezoluntu nobukho balo njengento ebonakalayo ezimeleyo.
Ukungabi nalungelo okanye amandla okuthetha okanye awokuvota.
Umntu okanye iqela elingenandlela yakuvakalisa iimfuno zalo kwabo balawulayo.
Uluvo lwesizwe esisodwa samaBhulu angoontamolukhuni.
Isenzo sokusebenzisa ilungelo lokukhetha; ukuvota kuvoto.
Inkqubo yokugaya iivoti kubavoti.
Ukufundisa abavoti ngendlela yokuvota.
Ukuvota kwawo wonke umntu ngokuvumelana ngomlomo.
Ukuvota ngokubeka uphawu ephepheni lokuvota okanye kumatshini wokuvota.
Ukuvakalisa okukhethayo ngokuthi uvume okanye uchase.
Ukubonisa ukukhetha ngokuphakamisa isandla ukubonisa indlela ovota ngayo.
Isivumelwano esichaza imimiselo, iiyure nemiqathango yokuqeshwa.
Umnqweno wento ethatyathwa njengesidingo.
Ungquzulwano phakathi kwamazwe amabini nangaphezulu okanye phakathi kwamazwe nemibutho ekuthi kusetyenziswe okanye koyikiswe ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ukwenzela ukulungiselela ilizwe elilwayo.
Ukwahlulwa kwendawo yesixeko okanye yedolophu ngenjongo yolawulo nokumelwa kurhulumente wasekhaya.
Amatyala enziwe ngethuba lemfazwe ngokuthi kophulwe imithetho yemfazwe.
Izixhobo ezinamandla amakhulu kangangokuba zingabulala inani elikhulu labantu.
Ilungu lepalamente elonyulelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuziphatha kakuhle kweqela.
Umntu obonakalisa ukuziphatha okungaqondakaliyo okanye okungafunekiyo.
Uluvo olubangela isizwe sithathe inyathelo elithile umz. Intando yabantu.
Umbutho obukhali olwela ukupheliswa kwezimvo nezenzo zokuphatha abasetyhini ngokunga bangaphantsi kwabangamadoda.
Ukumisela ukuba imisebenzi ethile inikwe uhlanga oluthile umz. Iintlanga ezithile ngexesha localulo.
Uhlobo lomzabalazo apho abasebenzi balandela yonke imithetho yomsebenzi ngokuthe chu ukwenzela ukuba kwandiswe ixesha lokusebenza kodwa imveliso ihle kakhulu.
Ukwenza nje loo msebenzi kulindeleke ukuba uwenze ukwenzela ukuba imveliso ibe phantsi.
Izikhokelo ezibonisa ukuba umhlaba mawusetyenziselwe ntoni na.
