xhosa.857.rwanda
Esinye sezitrato zaseKigali. Zinje ngoku kodwa kwiminyaka yendyikitya yokubulawa kwabantu kwakuthe saa izidumbu kuzo.
URHULUMENTE waseRwanda wayebona amaTutsi njengamaphela afanele atshabalaliswe. Watheng' imipu emazweni angaphandle ngorhubuluzo. Emva koko izikhululo zikanomathotholo zakhuph' imipopotsho yokuba amaHutu "makatshayele amaphela." Zakhupha namagama needilesi zabantu amababulawe - nto leyo icacisayo ukuba loo mbubhiso yabantu yayicwangciswe.
Xa kwakuqala ukubulawa kwamaTutsi ngoAprili ka-1994, uJacqueline Nyiramayonde wayehlal' eKigali. Wachith' iveki yonke ezimele ekhabhathini nabantwana bakhe ababini.
Emva koko baphuma ngamathunz' amnyama baya eButare. Apho uJacqueline wadibana nomyeni wakhe lwaza usapho lwabo lwaphila ubomi bentshontsho iminyaka emithathu. Ngo-1998 baphindela kwilali yakowabo eNyamata kuba umzi wabo eKigali wawutshisiwe.
"Abantakwethu noodadewethu abathathu babulawa. Kwabulawa utat' omncinci nabantwana bakhe bonke. Nabantakwabo noodadewabo umyeni wam babulawa bonke, sasala siphelelwe lithemba ngobomi," utsho.
UJacqueline uthi waba nethamsanqa kukuba nomyeni nabantwana abaphilayo.
"Izidumbu zazithe saa ezitratweni zityiwa zizinja."
Kukhuselekile
Ukwakhiwa kwemiyuziyam esisikhumbuzo saloo mbubhiso yamaTutsi kuyabonisa ukuba lavuka ekufeni ela lizwe.
Ungatsho ukuba ngenene kwenzeke umlingo kweli lizwe imagazini iTime elibiza "ngenkwenkwezi entsha yaseAfrika."
"Xa uhamba eKigali uyalibala nokuba kwiminyaka eli-13 edlulileyo kwakuthe saa izidumbu ezitratweni zakhona. Ngoku izitrato zicocekile," utshilo uKevin Whitelaw oyintatheli yeUS News xa ebetyelele khona kutshanje.
Oko kwenziwe liphulo elinyanzelisa abantu ukuba bacoce ngemini ethile yenyanga kwaye kulo kucoca nabaphathiswa bakarhulumente.
Nangona kunjalo eziny' izinto zisafun' ukulungiswa. Ukanti kukho abathi esi sixeko sesona sikhuselekileyo eAfrika.
Urhulumente waseRwanda ophantsi kukaMongameli Paul Kagame uzibeke zacaca iinjongo zawo zokwakha ilizwe elingenacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga.
"Sikhuthaza umanyano lwabemi baseRwanda, ubuHutu nobuTutsi bulandela ngasemva," utsho uFatuma Ndangiza oyintloko yeNational Unity And Reconciliation Commission.
Kusenjalo ilizwe laseRwanda kulindeleke ukuba likhonye "kwimiba yonxibelelwano nokusebenza kweekhompyutha kule ngingqi ngokusebenzisa ubuchwephetshe bale mihla beInternet
"Sithi esiza kulawula ubuxhaka-xhaka bonxibelelwano kule ngingqi," utsho uRomain Murenzi onguMphathiswa wezobuGcisa nobuChwephetshe.
Xa ilizwe laseRwanda liqhuba ngolu hlobo liza kuba ngumzekelo kwamany' amazwe aseAfrika, ukanti norhulumente walo uyanconywa ngokulawula kakuhle nangokungabi narhwaphilizo.
Ukungakhululeki
Nangona kunjalo lusekho uloyiko nokungakhululeki. Nangona ingurhulumente owayephethe owaququzelela ukubulawa kwamaTutsi, kodwa abantu babebulawa ngabantu ababaziyo.
ENyamata Church lisabonakala igazi labantwana ababebethwa ngeentloko eludongeni ukanti namathambo abantu azalise iingxowa ezininzi.
Kwabulawa abantu abaninzi eNyamata kuba ingummandla onamaTutsi ikakhulu.
"Amadoda amaHutu ayebulala abantwana bawo kuba befana nabafazi bawo abangamaTutsi. Uyichaza njani into enjalo"" watsho uMongameli Kagame.
Nangoku inkoliso yamaTutsi isabona ingurhulumente kaKagame othintela oophuma-silwe bamaHutu ekubulaleni amaTutsi kwakhona. "Ndisenoloyiko lokuba ngathi abakaxoli ncam," utshilo omnye umTutsi.
Okwenza le meko mandundu kukuba nangona kwavalelwa abarhanelwa abangama-90 000 ngokubulawa kwabantu, inkundla yamatyala emfazwe yoMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo (iUN) iyoyiswa ngumsebenzi wokuxoxa amatyala abo.
Angaphaya kwama-750 000 amatyala asusela ekubeni impahla nokubulala angekaxoxwa. Icebo likarhulumente lokuxoxa la matyala kukusebenzisa inkqubo yesithethe ekuthiwa yigacaca.
Kule nkqubo iijaji zonyulwa luluntu kwaye kuya abantu abathandayo etyaleni.
Nangona le nkqubo ingenampumelelo kangako iyanceda ukunika abantu abasindayo ithuba lokuva ukuba zabulawa njani izalamane zabo.
Uyigqithisa njani ke intlungu enjalo"
Ababulali
Indoda eyancokola noKevin Whitelaw oyintatheli yathi yaphulukana nabazali bayo nabantwana bakowayo abathandathu. Kwinkqubo yoxolelwaniso yaya kubonana nombulali kayise entolongweni yambuza ukuba wayembulalelani uyise owayemhlawulela imali yabantwana yesikolo.
"Ndambulaliswa kukuba engumTutsi" yatsho loo ndoda ukuphendula ingazisoli ngaloo nto.
Kukho nebali likaImakulata Mukankundiye. Ngentsasa ethile ngo-1994 ifama yakhe yahlaselwa ngabamelwane bakhe abaninzi, bafika bamkhupha nosapho lwakhe endlwini bawutshisa umzi.
Emva kokubulala iinkomo zakhe bathatha ngetshova umyeni wakhe owayengumTutsi nabantwana babo abane. Yena wasindiswa kukuba engumHutu neentombi zakhe ezimbini.
Amadoda atshixelwa ecaweni iintsuku ezine emva koko kwafika oophuma-silwe bamaHutu baqhushumbisa loo ndlu yecawe ngeziqhushumbisi, amadoda asindileyo agqityezelwa ngemipu. UMukankundiye waphulukana nabantu abali-17 bakowabo ngaloo mini.
Namhlanje amadoda ahlasela ifama yakhe avuma ukuba ngawo abulalala usapho lwakhe kwaye ahlala ngokukhululeka kuloo lali.
"Akukho nanye kuloo madoda eyeza yazoxolisa kum," utsho uMukankundiye.
Kodwa amanye awo akhe afike azocel' umsebenzi kwifama yakhe!
"Andikaxoli ncam kodwa ke urhulumente usikhuthaza ukuba sixolelane," utsho uMukankundiye.
Inkqubela
Ikofu iseyeyona nto ilinywa kakhulu eRwanda kuba ilinywa yi-40% yabalimi bakhona. Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuyenza kwenze ikofu yaseRwanda yayenye yeekofu eziphambili ehlabathini. Ngoku urhulumente uzimisele nokuphucul' imveliso yeti neyee-oyile ezisetyenziswa ukwenza iziqholo.
Kukho nengxaki yobhubhani kagawulayo (iAIDS). Bonke abantu abangama-35 000 abanogawulayo bafuman' amachiza okuthothisa ulwamvila lwesi sifo," utsho uAlex Perry weTime.
IRwanda ilelinye lamazwe ambalwa aseAfrika anenkqubela ekunciphiseni ukusasazeka kweHIV ngokutsho kukaMichael Gerson weThe Washington Post.
Ilizwe laseRwanda lizama nokuxhobisa ulutsha lwalo ngolwazi. Inkoliso yezikolo zamabanga aphakathi zineekhompyutha ezili-10 kwaye zineInternet kwaye kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo umntwana ngamnye uza kuba enelaptop yakhe.
Olu lutsha lufundiswa ukuzinceda ngokwalo. UMarguerite Mukasine ongumlimi wekofu oneminyaka engama-22 udibana nolunye ulutsha olungama-29 kanye ngenyanga baxoxe ngemiba eyohlukeneyo ukususela kugawulayo kuse kuxolelwaniso.
Kolu lutsha kukho abantu abasindayo nabanabazali abasentolongweni ngamatyala okubulala abantu.
UMukasine waphulukana nabantwana bakowabo abathathu kwimbumbiso yamaTutsi ka-1994. Omnye wababulali weza wazocel' uxolo ebazalini bakhe, bamxolela. "Akukho mntu unebali elimnandi apha. Kodwa okwenzekayo akunakuphinda kwenzeke. Ngoku asifuni kuphinda iimpazamo zabazali bethu," utshilo.
Bamanyene
Into eya kunqanda ukuba singenzeki kwakhona isihelegu ezinje eRwanda kukuba kupheliswe ubuhlwempu nendlala ebhuqa abantu bakhona.
UFerdinand Sinzabakwira wayengumbulali wamaHutu "osewatshintsha isimilo". Umangalisiwe yindlela abantu abamphethe ngayo kwaye mhlawumbi unyanisile xa esithi: "Ingxaki yeli lizwe bubuhlwempu, asikungevani kwamaHutu namaTutsi. Leyo yinto nje esetyenziswa ziinkokeli zopolitiko ukuze ziqhubeke nokulawula.Emva kwaloo mbubhiso eNyamata bafumana iinkedama zezalamane zabo nomyeni wakhe, bazithatha bazikhulisa.
"Ndaqala ngoko ke ukucinga ngengomso kwakhona. Xa bekhona abantwana kufuneka sibasebenzele," watsho kudliwano-ndlebe noAlex Perry weTime.
Wavula indawo encinane yokuthengisa, ebhak' izonka ethengisa neelokhwe. Ngokuhamba kwexesha yakhula yaba yivenkile loo ndawo. Umyeni wakhe waqala ukuphangela efama, elima umbona, amazimba, iibhatata nekhaphetshu, efuye neenkomo ezimbini. Ukususela ngo-2005 ubehlala kwiinkundla zegacaca xa zixoxa amatyala oxolelwaniso.
"Liza kuqaqamba ingomso labantwana bethu. Abantu baseRwanda baza kuyilibala into eyagqithayo bamanyane," utsho uJacqueline. [x]
BONA XHOSA - February 2008
Izelwe ngokutsha iRwanda
Ikomkhulu layo sesona sixeko sikhuselekileyo eAfrika, abaphathiswa borhulumente bacoca izitrato, ikofu yakhona iyathandwa kwihlabathi - kwaye abalimi benz' imali ngaloo nto - ukanti kuthiwa kwiminyak' emihlanu ezayo umntwana ngamnye esikolweni uza kubanelaptop yakhe...
kubhale uISAAC KWELA
Ilizwe elizelwe ngokutsha
Ukuphuculwa kweendlela zokulima ikofu nokuthandwa kwekofu yaseRwanda ngamazwe ehlabathi kulivusile eli lizwe.
BONA XHOSA - February 2008
u
Iimveliso ezintle ezithengiswa kwimalike yaseKigali zilolunye uphawu lohlumo lwelizwe laseRwanda.
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BONA XHOSA - February 2008
'Ingxaki yeli lizwe bubuhlwempu, asingomaHutu namaTutsi. Leyo yinto esetyenziswa ziinkokeli zopolitiko ukuze ziqhubeke nokulawula'
Amangcwaba aseNyaza cebu kuhle eKigali ekwangcwatywa kuwo amawaka amaxhoba okubulawa kwabantu ngobuninzi.
Asengumbono ohambis' umzimba amathambo abantu ababulawa eRwanda.
Iingcambu zokubulawa kwabantu
Akukho mntu uqinisekileyo ukuba yaqala njani intiywano yamaHutu namaTutsi. Ilizwe laseBelgium elalilawula iRwanda iminyaka engama-40 layigalela iparafini lo ntiywano ngokuxabisa amaTutsi engawona mancinane ngokwenani.
Imigushuzo yokulwela inkululeko ngeminyaka yoo-1950 yenza iBelgium yaguquka yaxhasa iinkokeli zamaHutu.
Emva kokufumana inkululeko ngo-1962, iRwanda yaba norhulumente okhokelwa ngamaHutu. Intiyo yobuhlanga yakhula aza amaTutsi angavunyelwa ukuba afunde ezikolweni, angayinikwa nemisebenzi kurhulumente.
AmaTutsi aselubhacweni aseka umkhosi weRwandan Patriotic Front ezama ukubhukuqa urhulumente wamaHutu. Kwenziwa isivumelwano soxolo esasi-ethe-ethe ngo-1993.
Emva koko kwathi ngobusuku bomhla wesi-6 kuAprili 1994 kwadutyulwa inqwelo-ntaka eyayinomongameli waseRwanda, uJuvenal Habyarinama owayengakufihli ukucaphukela amaTutsi.
Amajelo eendaba amaHutu atyhola amaTutsi ngeso senzo nangona kukho ubungqina bokuba senziwa ngoophuma-silwe bamaHutu ababechasene nokumiselwa kwesivumelwano sokwabelana ngolawulo.
Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na ke, oophuma-silwe bamaHutu babelindele nje ithuba abangalisebenzisa ukuqalisa ukubulala abantu.
Inside the memorial museum at Kigali, and a survivor of the
1994 genocide examines a photo of a church where more than
5 000 people were killed by Hutu extremists.
BONA XHOSA - February 2008
