Soil 

Qwalasela umhlaba wakho



Instructions:

Folio strap: Ukulungisa umhlaba

Byline: Ulwazi lufunyenwe Kwizifundo zaseGrain SA Esezikwibanga Eseliphambili Ngemveliso



Kwilizwe lethu elibharhileyo apho kuveliswa khona izityalo eziziinkozo phantsi kweemeko zomhlaba owomileyo, isakhono somhlaba sokugcinela umhlaba ukufuma ngomnye wemibandela ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqikeleleni isakhono somhlaba. 



Eminye imibandela efanele ukuqwalaselwa kuhlalutyo lomhlaba iya kuba kukuncomeka kobunzulu bomhlaba, ubunzulu bokulima umhlaba olinyiweyo, isiqulatho sodongwe nohlalutyo lwemichiza. Iingcambu zesityalo zifanele ukukwazi ukugqobhoza emhlabeni ukuze zifikelele ekufumeni nakwizondlo eziya kusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokulima. 



Phambi kokuthenga intsimi okanye phambi kokwenza isigqibo ngento ofuna ukuyenza ngentsimi onayo, kubalulekile ukufumanisa isakhono somhlaba. Isakhono somhlaba olimekayo efama sifunyaniswa ngokwemba imingxuma eyinkangeleko engumzekelo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo. Le mingxuma eyinkangeleko engumzekelo ikholisa ukuba nobukhulu be-1 m nge-1 m ngaphezulu ngobunzulu obubobona buncinci be-1,2 m. Xa kuhlolwa, le mingxuma iya kwalatha kwangoko iintlobo ezingundoqo zomhlaba wefama. 



Uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokukhwela ukuya emngxunyeni, esandleni kubekho ihamile yengcali kwezokwakhiwa komhlaba okanye isixhobo sasesandleni esifanelekileyo (penknife) ukuze kuguzulwe kususwe umhlaba, ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, lo gama kuqwalaselwa naziphi iinguquko okanye iiyantlukwano ezifumaneka kwinkangeleko engumzekelo. 



Kwakhona umda nezowuni yohlobo oluthile lwendawo elimekayo unokuthi ufunyaniswe ngokusebenzisa iibhola zomhlaba ukulinganisa ubunzulu beengcambu obuncomekayo nokufumanisa naziphi iimaleko ezinokunyina isakhono sezolimo. Ezi zingaba luqweqwe lwekhuba okanye iimaleko zentlenga yomhlaba kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba kubunzulu obulimekayo okanye kwiliwa elingagqobhozekiyo okanye kwezinye iimaleko ezithe chatha ngobunzulu kwinkangeleko engumzekelo enokunyina uphuhliso lweengcambu. 



Kucetyiswa ukuba uthenge okanye uqwalasele le ncwadi:

Soil Classification – A binomial system for South Africa 

ISBN 0-621-10784-0 available from: 

The research and Technology Manager 

Private Bag X79 

Pretoria 0001 



Into ekholisa ukwenzeka kukuba indawo nganye yokuvelisa imveliso iba nemihlaba engaqhelekanga kuloo ndawo yokulima. Imihlaba yesakhono esiphezulu kwindawo nganye eyahlukileyo inokukhangeleka yahluke kakhulu ngokwenkangeleko engumzekelo kodwa oko kunye nemibandela yemozulu neyokuchuma kwenze ukuba ibe phezulu kwindawo ethile. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba umhlaba we-avalon wesakhono esiphezulu eTweespruit unokuvelisa i-3,5 okanye ngaphezulu yeetoni ngehektare nganye yombona kunyaka omhle kodwa awunakuthelekiswa nomhlaba we-Hutton eViljoenskroon ovelisa ngaphezu kweetoni ezi-6 ngehektare nganye yombona kunyaka omhle. 



Ingqikelelo yesakhono somhlaba iya kuthathela ingqalelo oku:

Ubunzulu beengcambu obuncomekayo; 

Iimaleko ezingagqithekiyo; 

Imvula yonyaka; 

Isakhono sokugcina ukufuma; kananjalo 

Ukuchuma.



Olu luhlelo lukaMeyi 2008 lwePula-Imvula. Kweli xesha lonyaka, inkoliso yezityalo zasehlotyeni ifikelele ekuvuthweni ngokwezithomo zazo, oko kuthetha ukuba isityalo asisakwazi kutsala izondlo emhlabeni. Nangona ungekasivuni isityalo sangoku, lixesha elilungileyo eli lokuqalisa ngokucinga ngesityalo esilandelayo onenjongo yokusilima. 



Njengoko usazi kakuhle, izityalo zifuna izondlo ukuze zikhule zikwazi ukuvelisa iinkozo. Ezi zondlo zithathwa emhlabeni sisityalo. Mhlawumbi kusenokuthiwa umhlaba unokufaniswa nekhabhathi yokugcina ukutya. Phambi kokuba uye kuthenga ukutya, kufuneka uqale uhlole ukuba kokuphi ukutya okusekhabhathini – kungenjalo usenokuthenga ukutya okuthe chatha kokutya osowunako endaweni yokutya okuphelileyo. Ukuthatha iisampulu zomhlaba kuyelele ekubaleni impahla esekhabhathini yokugcina ukutya. Kubalulekile ukuthatha iisampulu zomhlaba kwangoku ukuze ukwazi ukufumana iziphumo kuselithuba nto leyo eya kukuvumela ukwenza isicwangciso ngesityalo esilandelayo kakuhle. Ukuba unazo iziphumo zeesampulu zomhlaba uya kukwazi ukuba ingaba kufuneka ikalika na entsimini yakho nokuba sesiphi isichumiso esifanele ukufakwa kwaye ngasiphi isantya ngehektare nganye. 



Ukuthatha nokufaka ileyibhile kakuhle kwisampulu yomhlaba



Ukuthatha isampulu yomhlaba

Phambi kokuba kutyalwe isityalo nakweyiphi intsimi, kubalulekile ukuthatha isampulu yomhlaba ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izichumiso ekufuneka zifakiwe ngenjongo yokufumana esona sichumiso sifanelekileyo. Ukuthatha isampulu yomhlaba makwenziwe ngendlela elandelayo:

Thatha iisampulu eziliqela (ezihlanu ukuya kwezilishumi oko kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bentsimi) ukusuka kumhlaba ongaphezulu – ukusuka kwi-15 cm ephezulu yembonakalo engumzekelo yomhlaba.

Xuba zonke iisampulu zomhlaba ongaphezulu wentsimi enye uze uthathe i-kg enye yesampulu kumxube lowo.

Thatha iisampulu eziliqela (ezihlanu ukuya kwezihlanu oko kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bentsimi) kumhlaba ongaphantsi – ukususela kwi-15 cm ukuya kuma-30 cm ezantsi komphezulu womhlaba.

Xuba zonke iisampulu zomhlaba ongaphantsi wentsimi enye wandule ukuthatha i-kg enye kumxube lowo.

Faka ileyibhile, umhla uze ufake iinombolo kwisampulu ngokucacileyo. Kwileyibhile, makufakwe okulandelayo:

Igama lomfama;

Igama lefama;

Idilesi yeposi yomfama - kubandakanywa idolophu; kananjalo

Inombolo yentsimi (qinisekisa ukuba ufaka iinombolo kuwo onke amasimi akho ugcine ingxelo yeenombolo ezifakiweyo).

Nikela isampulu yomhlaba elabhoratri ukuze ihlalutywe. Ukuba akuqinisekanga ngokuba isampulu yakho yomhlaba mawuyithumele phi, zidibanise nomququzeleli wephondo elilelona likufutshane weNkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamaFama lwaseGrain SA (amagama neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zikwikhasi elisemva lale Pula-imvula). 

Khumbula ukuba xa umhlaba wentsimi usahluka kakhulu ngoko ke kuya kuba yimfuneko ukunika igama elahlukileyo kwelo candelo – yahlula intsimi ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu uze iyileyo uyinike inombolo eyahlukileyo.





