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Umphandle > Ushicilelo > IiNkcukacha Zoluntu > D &gt Iinkundla zoMzantsi Afrika

Iinkundla zoMzantsi Afrika



uJanuwari 2003

Isebe Lokhuseleko loLuntu (uRhulumente Wephondo leNtshona Kapa)

UMBHALI: Jean Redpath



ISISHWANKATHELO

Ingaba usabhidekile ngumcimbi weenkundla zoMzantsi Afrika? Olu xwebhu ke lucacisa ubume beenkundla zoMzantsi Afrika, yaye luneenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zeenkundla ndawonye namakhonkco akuqhagamshela kwizigqibo zazo ezifumaneka kwi-internet.






* iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko
* iNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibheno
* iNkundla Ephakamileyo yoMzantsi Afrika
* Circuit Courts
* iiNkundla Ezizodwa Zerhafu Yengeniso
* iiNkundla Zemicimbi Yabasebenzi kwakunye neeNkundla Zezibheno Kwimicimbi Yabasebenzi
* iiNkundla Zokuqhawulwa Komtshato
* iiNkundla Zamabango Emihlaba
* iNkundla Yamanzi
* iKomishoni Yenyaniso Noxolelwaniso
* iiNkundla Zamabango Amancinci
* iiNkundla Zoomantyi
* iiNkundla Zemicimbi Yasekuhlaleni kwakunye Neenkundla Zeenkosi Namahlakani


iNkundla yoMgaqo-sisekoyinkundla eba nelizwi lokugqibela kwimicimbi echaphazela uMgaqo-siseko woMzantsi Afrika. Izigqibo zale nkundla ngomgaqo-siseko ziyabophelela kuzo zonke ezinye iinkundla. Le nkundla yenziwa ziijaji ezilithoba. Intloko yeNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yiJaji Enkulu Yesizwe uPius Langa ze ijaji uDikgang Moseneke abe liSekela lakhe. Le nkundla ke iqale ukubakho kweli lizwe ngo-1994.

Ungaqhagamshelana nale Nkundla yoMgaqo-siseko eBraamfontein, eRhawutini:

iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yoMzantsi Afrika
eBraampark Forum II, kwa-33 kwiSitalato iHoofd, eBraamfontein, 2017
Private Bag X32, eBraamfontein, 2017
Inombolo Yomnxeba: 011 403 8032

Ungazifunda izigqibo zale nkundla kwiwebsite yenkundla yomgaqo-siseko.

iNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibhenoyinkundla eba nelizwi lokugqibela kuyo yonke imicimbi, ngaphandle kwaleyo ichaphazela umgaqo-siseko. Umzekelo, zonke iimeko zokufakwa kwezibheno zamatyala olwaphulo-mthetho ezisuka kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo ziphelela kule nkundla, ngaphandle kokuba isibheno eso ke sinento yokwenza nomthetho olawula umgaqo-siseko, apho ke iya kuba yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko eya kuba nelizwi lokugqibela. INkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibheno yayisa kubizwa "iCandelo Lezibheno", njengoko ihlalela amatyala kwizibheno kuphela. Izigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibheno ziyabophelela kuzo zonke iinkundla ezingaphantsi ngokwamagunya. UMongameli weNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibheno ngobekekileyo uCT Howie ze obekekileyo naye uL Mpati abe lisekela lakhe.

Ungaqhagamshelana neNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibheno eBloemfontein:

iNkundla Ephakamileyo
Kwikona Yezitalato iElizabeth nePresident Brand, eBloemfontein
PO Box 258, eBloemfontein, 9300
Inombolo Yomnxeba: 051 447 2769
Inombolo Yefeksi: 051 447 0836

Ungazifunda izigqibo zale nkundla apha.

Elandelayo "kwinkundla ezimagunya makhulu" yiNkundla Ephakamileyo yoMzantsi Afrika, eyayisa kubizwa iNkundla Ephakamileyo". Amacandelo eNkundla Ephakamileyo "anamagunya okugweba" - ilungelo lokuchophela ityala - kwiindawo ezithile azisikelweyo nabekwe kuzo, yaye izigqibo zeeNkundla Eziphakamileyo ziyabophelela kwiinkundla zoomantyi ezikwiindawo ezikuzo ezi ziphakamileyo. Amancandelo eNkundla Ephakamileyo anelungelo lokuchophela amatyala nangayiphi na imicimbi kodwa ke kwiingingqi asikelwe zona, kodwa ke asoloko echophela imiba yeembambano zoluntu ebandakanya iimali ezingaphezu kwe-R100 000, kwakunye namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho. La macandelo akwachophela naziphi na izibheno ukuhlalutywa kwamatyala asuka kwiinkundla ezikumgangatho ongaphantsi (iinkundla zoomantyi) ezisebenza kwiingingqi zezi nkundla ziphakamileyo. INkundla Ephakamileyo ngokwesiqhelo ke ichophela nayiphi na imiba ubume bomntu othile (umzekelo, isicelo sokugcina kukhuliswe umntwana womnye umzali, ukubhanga komntu okanye ishishini).

Amagosa abalulekileyo kwiCandelo leNkundla Ephakamileyo:

* uMbhexeshi ugcina zonke iimpepha ezisemthethweni zale nkundla
* Kufuneka kuhlanganwe neGqwetha Lemicimbi Yosapho kuyo yonke imicimbi echaphazela abantwana, njengoko iNkundla Ephakamileyo "ingumzali onamagunya amakhulu" kubo bonke abantwana baseMzantsi Afrika.
* uMphathi weNkundla Ephakamileyo ugcina iimpepha ezinento yokwenza nempahla yabantu (abangasekhoyo okanye ababhangileyo).
* uMthunywa weNkundla uhambisa iimpepha ezithile kubantu abathile kwityala lembambano, ze athimbe impahla xa efumene igunya lokwenza oko.
* uMlawuli Wotshutshiso Loluntu, owayesa kubizwa ngjengeGqwetha Elikhulu, unoxanduva lokutshutshisa abaphuli-mthetho egameni lombuso.
* Igqwetha Lombuso ligqwetha elimela umbuso kwiintshukumo zeembambano ezibandakanya umbuso (apho umbuso ufaka isimangalo okanye umangalelwa khona).

Okwakaloku nje kusekho ishumi "lamacandelo amaphondo" ale Nkundla Iphakamileyo kwakunye "namacandelo ezixeko" amathathu (acandelo lawo asebenza kwiingingqi ezithile azisikelwe ngamacandelo amaphondo ale nkundla ze abe namagunya kwiingingqi ezithile phantsi kwecandelo lephondo). La macandelo azixeko ke asasebenzisa indlela exesha likarhulumente wangaphambili elingaphambi kuka-1994, owayesebenza ngamaphandle namaphondo amane. Umzekelo, iCandelo lale Nkundla Iphakamileyo eliseKapa libizwa ngokuba yiNkundla Ephakamileyo yoMzantsi Afrika: iCandelo lePhondo leCape of Good Hope ze ijaji yalo eyongameleyo ibe nguJaji uJohn Hlophe.

Amacandelo alishumi elinesithathu esinawo ngoku kwakunye nalawo amakhaya ale Nkundla Iphakamileyo ase:

* Bisho ("eCiskei")
* eBloemfontein ("eFreystata")
* eKapa ("iCape of Good Hope")
* eThekwini ("eliseThekwini Nelengingqi Yonxweme")
* eRhini ("eMpuma Kapa")
* eRhawutini ("iCandelo Lengingqi yeWitwatersrand")
* eKimberley ("eMntla Kapa")
* eMmabatho ("eBophuthatswana")
* eMgungundlovu ("eNatal")
* eBhayi ("iCandelo Lengingqi yoMzantsi-Mpuma Kapa")
* ePitoli ("eTransvaal")
* eThohoyandou ("kwaVenda")
* eMtata ("Phesheya kweNciba")

Xa uMthetho Osaqulunqwayo Weenkundla Ezikumgangatho Ophakamileyo sele uwisiwe, kuya kubakho iCandelo leNkundla Ephakamileyo kwiphondo ngalinye kula asithoba eli lizwe, abe namagama angqamanayo nalawo amaphondo akuwo kwakunye "nezihlalo" ezingapha kwesinye kumaphondo athile. Iphondo leRhawuti liya kuba namacandelo amabini, elisemazantsi (iRhawuti) nelisemantla (iPitoli).

Ungasebenzisa ezi nkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ukuze uqhagamshelane neNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseKapa:

iNkundla Ephakamileyo yoMzantsi Afrika: iCandelo lePhondo leCape of Good Hope
kwiSitalato iKeerom (umnyango okwiSitalato iQueen Victoria sona sivaliwe) eKapa
Private Bag X9020, eKapa, 8000
Inombolo Yomnxeba: 021 480 2411.

Ungazifunda izigqibo zale nkundla apha.

iiNkundla Ezijikelezayo ziyingxenye yeNkundla Ephakamileyo. Zihlala ubuncinci kabini ngonyaka, yaye ziyajikeleza zandise iingingqi ezisemaphandleni ezinokuncedakala. Zingaqhagamsheleka ngokuthi umntu ahlangane neNkundla Ephakamileyo.

iiNkundla Ezizodwa Zerhafu Yengeniso zihlala kumacandelo eNkundla Ephakamileyo yaye ziquka iJaji yeNkundla Ephakamileyo encediswa ngumgcini-zincwadi onamava angekho ngaphantsi kweshumi leminyaka, gosa elo limele icandelo loshishino. Le nkundla ichophela zonke iimbambano eziphakathi komhlawuli-rhafu kunye necandelo Lenkonzo Yokubuthwa Kwerhafu eMzantsi Afrika, apho imbambano ibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwerhafu yengeniso engaphezu kwe-R100 000. Izibheno kwizigqibo zale nkundla zisiwa ngqo kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibheno. Iimbambano zerhafu ezibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwerhafu engaphantsi kwe-R100 000 zisiwa kwiBhodi Yerhafu. USihlalo wale Bhodi Yerhafu ligqwetha, igqwetha elikhulu okanye umgcini-zincwadi osebenza kwicandelo labucala lezoshishino oqeshwe nguMongameli welizwe ngenjongo yokuba ngusihlalo wale Bhodi. Ungaqhagamshelana neNkundla Eyodwa Yemicimbi Yerhafu Yengneniso ngokuthi uhlangane neNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibhreno ze uqhagamshelane neBhodi Yerhafu ngokuthi uhlangane necandelo Lenkonzo Yokubuthwa Kwerhafu eMzantsi Afrika.

Okwakaloku nje kukwakho neeNkundla Zemicimbi Yabasebenzi kwakunye Neenkundla Zezibheno Kwimicimbi Yabasebenzi, ezinegunya lokugweba kwimicimbi yabasebenzi yaye zikwinqanaba elilinganayo neleNkundla Ephakamileyo. Noxa kunjalo, the umthetho osaqulunqwayo iSuperior Courts Bill uya kuziphelisa ezi nkundla zemicimbi yabasebenzi ze uzifake phantsi kweNkundla Ephakamileyo. Ungaqhagamshelana neNkundla Ephakamileyo ngokuthi uhlangane neNkundla Ephakamileyo okanye ngokuthi utyelele iwebsite yeeNkundla Zemicimbi Yabasebenzi.

Ukususela ngo-1998,iiNkundla Zokuqhawulwa Kwemitshato zithe zakwazi ukuchophela naziphi na iintshukumo zokuqhawulwa komtshato - ngaphambi koko ke ezi nkundla zazichophela kuphela iintshukumo zokuqhawulwa kwemitshato yabantu abamnyamawaphi na amatyala Zintathu ke ezi nkundla zalo msebenzi yaye zezi, iiNkundla Zokuqhawulwa Kwemitshato Ezisembindini, Ezikumntla-Mpuma Nezikumazantsi, yaye ezi nkundla zenzelwe ukuchophela iintshukumo zokuqhawulwa kwemitshato engenzima kuyaphi ngokukhawuleza nangendlela engatyi kakhulu empokothweni. INkundla Ekumazantsi Yokuqhawulwa Komtshato yinkundla yokuqhawulwa komtshato enegunya lokuchophela iimbambano zokuqhawulwa komtshato eNtshona Kapa, yaye inee-ofisi kwiZiko Lenkundla Yemicimbi Yeentsapho eKapa ze kubekho nenye iofisi encinane eMitchell's Plain. Ungaqhagamshelana neli Ziko Lenkundla Yemicimbi Yeentsapho ngokuthi ugqithe kwiNkundla kaMantyi yaseKapa.

iNkundla Yamabango Emihlaba ikwinqanaba elilinganayo neleNkundla Ephakamileyo kodwa ke izimele ayixhomekekanga kule iphakamileyo. Le nkundla yasekwa ngo-1996 yaye ichophela amatyala anento yokwenza nokubuyiswa kwemihlaba eyathatyathwa ngexesha lenkqubo yobandlululo (amatyala okulungiswa kwemicimbi echaphazela imihlaba). INkundla Yamabango Emihlaba inemigaqo yayo yaye ivumelekile ukuba iqhube iinkqubo zayo noluntu ngaphandle kokuba senkundleni nangezinye iindlela ezingaqhelekanga (apho ijaji ibuza amangqina, ingagqithi kumagqwetha awo) yaye le nkundla ingalichophela ityala naphi na apho ithande ukulichophela khona, nangona eyona ofisi yayo nje iseRandburg. Izibheno zithunyelwa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo Yezibheno ngaphandle kokuba isibheno eso siqonde kumcimbi womgaqo-siseko, meko leyo ke iya kunyanzelisa ukuba isibheno eso sithunyelwe kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. uMongameli weNkundla Yamabango Emihlaba nguFikile Bam. Ungaqhagamshelana nale Nkundla Yamabango Emihlaba eRandburg:

iNkundla Yamabango Emihlaba
kwiZiko leTrust Bank, eRandburg Mall, Kwikona Yesitalato iHill neKent Avenue, eRandburg, 2194
Private Bag X10060, Randburg, 2125
Inombolo Yimnxeba: 011 781 2291
Inombolo Yefeksi: 011 781 2217/8
Registrar@landclaims.org.za

Ungafikelela kwizigwebo zeNkundla Yamabango Emihlaba apha.

iNkundla Yamanzi enegunya lokuchophela amatyala kuwo onke amaphondo yaye amagosa ayo ngusihlalo, isekela lakhe namalungu ongezelelweyo. Inegunya lokungenelela igwebe kwimicimbi ebandakanya amanzi. Amalungu eNkundla Yamanzi kufuneka abe nolwazi lomthetho, ubunjineli ulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi okanye ulwazi lwecandelo elisondeleyo. La malungu aqeshwa nguMphathiswa ngokweziphakamiso zeKomishoni Yeenkonzo Zomthetho, eliqumrhu elichonga iijaji. Le Nkundla Yamanzi ithabathe indawo yeNkundla Yamanzi ngo-1998. Ungaqhagamshelana neNkundla Yamanzi ngokuthi ugqithe kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo.

iKomishoni Yenyaniso Noxolelwaniso(iTRC) yayingeyonkundla iyiyo kodwa isikhundla nje esahlukileyo esasisekelwe ukuchophela amatyala ngexesha lobandlululo egameni lombuso welo xesha. Ikomiti Yoxolelwaniso yayinamagunya okuxolela (nto leyo ke ithetha ukuba umenzi wobubi akanakutshutshiswa) abenzi bobubi bopolitiko eluntwini abavumileyo nabaxele konke abakwaziyo, oko ke kukuthi inyaniso, phantsi kweemeko ezithile. IKomiti Eyayijongene Nokunyhashwa Kwamalungelo Oluntu yayiyiyo ethabatha izigqibo ngokuba zeziphi na izenzo ezazikukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu, ngokubhekiselele kwiingxelo ezanikezelwa kule komishoni yenyaniso noxolelwaniso. Emva kokuchongwa kwamaxhoba okunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu, loo maxhoba ayethunyelwa kwiKomiti Yezilungiso Nokuthuthuzelwa, eyayithabatha izigqibo ngokuba mawabuyekezwe njani na amaxhoba lawo. Imisebenzi yale komishoni sele usiya ekuqoshelisweni. Abo bangazange bafumane kuxolelwa yiKomishoni Yenyaniso Noxolelwaniso ngezenzo ezibi abazenzayo ngexesha lobandlululo bangatshutshiswa.

iiNkundla Zoomantyi ziinkundla ezikwinqanaba elisezantsi nezichophela namatyala amaninzi. Zahlula-hlulwe yaziinkundla zemimandla neenkundla zezithili. Zingaphezu kwama-400 iinkundla zoomantyi eMzantsi Afrika. Azinalo igunya lokungenelela nokuchophela amatyala eembambano abandakanya iimali ezingaphezu kwe-R100 000 (ngaphandle kokuba ummangali nommangalelwa bavumelana ekubebi behlise isixa eso sibe ngaphantsi kwe-R100 000). Kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, amatyala amakhulu anobuzaza olwaphulo achotshelwa ziinkundla zemimandla. Oku ke kungenxa yokuba iinkundla zezithili azinakho ukuwisa izigwebo ezingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu kumntu ofunyaniswe enetyala lokwaphula umthetho. Awona matyala olwaphulo-mthetho amasikizi kakhulu achotshelwa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo. Kukwakho nothotho lweenkundla zoomantyi ezenziwe zakhetheka ukwenzela zikwazi ukumelana neentlobo ezithile zamatyala, nkundla ezo zifana nenkundla yamatyala odlwengulo eseWynberg. Ungalujonga uluhlu lweenkundal zoomantyi ezilapha eNtshona Koloni apha

iiNkundla Zamabango Amancinci zinegunya lokuchophela lonke ityala lembambano elibandakanya imali engaphantsi kwama-R3000, (ngaphandle kokuba ummangali nommangalelwa bayavumelana ekubeni basehlise esi sixa sibe ngaphantsi kwesi sixa. Ijaji yeNkundla Yamabango Amancinci ibizwa ngokuba ngumkomishinala yaye idla ngokuba ligqwetha elikhulu elisebenzayo, igqwetha okanye isifundiswa kwezomthetho osebenza njengomkomishinala ngaphandle kokuhlawulwa. Ummangali nommangalelwa abavumelekanga ukuba babe namagqwetha aza kubamela. Isigwebo salo mkomishinala asiphikiseki yaye asinakwenzelwa sibheno kwinkundla enkulu kunale. Ungaqhagamshelana neyona Nkundla Yamabango Amancinci ikufutshane nawe ngokuthi udlule kweyona Nkundla kaMantyi ikufutshane nawe.
iiNkundla Zemicimbi Yasekuhlaleni Neenkundla Zeenkosi Namahlakani nazo zikwanawo amagunya okuchophela amatyala athile kwinqanaba leenkundla zoomantyi. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuchophela amatyala eembambano ezibandakanya izithethe namasiko ngokwemigaqo yomthetho olawula amasiko nezithethe. Isikhulu esigunyazisiweyo kwintlalo nempilo yabemi bomthonyama okanye okanye isekela saso bangathabatha izigqibo ngamatyala besebenzisa umthetho olawula amasiko nezithethe,k tyala elo lisiwe kuloo nkundla ngummi womthonyama emangalela omnye ummi womthonyama kwingingqi esinegunya lokulawula kuyo eso sikhulu. Ezi nkundla ke zaziwa kakuhle njengeeenkundla zeenkosi. Umntu onebango afuna ukulisa enkundleni uyazikhethela ukuba alise enkundleni yenkosi okanye enkundleni kamantyi na elo bango. Qhagamshelana nenkosi yakho ukuba ungathanda ukusa ibango lakho lixoxwe kule nkundla yenkosi.





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